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A03380 The schoole of skil containing two bookes: the first, of the sphere, of heauen, of the starres, of their orbes, and of the earth, &c. The second, of the sphericall elements, of the celestiall circles, and of their vses, &c. Orderly set forth according to art, with apt figures and proportions in their proper places, by Tho. Hill. Hill, Thomas, b. ca. 1528.; Jaggard, William, 1569-1623. 1599 (1599) STC 13502; ESTC S104125 144,541 253

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subtracted from the miles and minutes of the former eleuation there doe 9. minutes remaine These thus founde and knowne séeke the proportional part to bee subtracted in saying if one degrée or 60. minutes in this Parallel doe yéeld 9. minutes of a Germaine mile howe many minutes of a mile doe 45. minutes yéelde or make which depende to the degrées of the middle latitude To know this multiply 45. by 9. and the product deuide by 60. then will 9. minutes remaine in the quotient The part proportionall must also bee subtracted which deducted from the miles and minutes assigned to the latitude 36 as from the 12. miles and 8. minutes doe 12. miles and 2. minutes remaine By which appeareth that so many miles and minutes do answere to one degrée in the Parallell of the middle latitude This now is as a preparation and entrance vnto the second working To haue therefore the distance of the fore saide citties multiply first the 12. miles and minutes with the difference of the longitudes 29. degrees and 40. minutes and they shall bring foorth 356. Germaine miles and ●9 minutes which 356. miles that may bee wrought togither with the minutes 59 are to be resolued into minutes the same is performed if they bee multiplied by 60. To the same product being 21369. adde the 59. minutes and they make 21419. These minutes againe multiplied in thēselues do offer the first quadrate that is 458773561. Thus you haue the vnderstanding and knowledge of the working of the first place After this multiply the 10. degrées of the difference of the latitude by 15. and you shall readily haue the miles 150. to which ad for the 10. minutes depending 2 miles and a halfe of a Germaine mile and you shall haue in this second part of the working 152. miles and a halfe or 30. scruples of a Germaine mile Which miles as they may with the minutes bee multiplied togither in themselues so are they to bee resolued by that 60. multiplied into minutes which then bring foorth 9120. to which adde the halfe or 30. miles and you shall then haue the whole to be 9150. minutes which againe multiplied in themselues doe make the later quadrate to be 8372●500 Nowe vnto the last conioyne these two quadrates and the whole summe shall bee 542496061. minutes The roote of this nūber that is 23299. séeing it representeth the minutes of miles deuided by 50. doth then shew the space which is betwéene Icrusalem and Roome in Germaine miles to be 388. with a third part almost of a mile Another THe longitude of Hamburge is of 37. degrées only the latitude hath 45. degrées and 24. minutes The longitude of Magdeburge hath 29. degrées and 38. minutes the latitude is of 52. degrées and 20. minutes The difference of the longitudes is of 2. degrées and 38. minutes The difference of the latitudes is of 2. degrées and 4. minutes The halfe of the difference of the latitudes is one degrée and 2. minutes The middle latitude is of 53. degrées and 22. minutes The miles assigned to the eleuation 53. are 9. and 2. minutes The miles assigned to the degrées of the eleuation following beeing 54. are 8. and 49. minutes The difference now of these two manner of miles and minutes hath 13. minutes The proportionall parte subtracted is of 4. minutes which minutes let foure be deducted out of the 9. miles and 2. minutes assigned to the eleuation 53. there will then remaine 8. miles and 58. minutes Therefore so many miles and minutes doe answere to one degrée in the Parallel of the middle latitude These miles and minutes now found multiplied with the difference of the longitudes doe bring foorth 23. miles and 36. scruples And these 23. miles wrought togither with the minutes that is multipled in it selfe and that resolued into minutes to the producte also adde the minutes 36. and the whole then shall appeare 1416. minutes This number againe wrought into it selfe doth offer the first quadrate which is 2005056 minutes After multiply the difference of the latitudes by 15. miles and the increase shall be 31. miles These miles againe resolued doe yéeld or giue 1860. minutes which multiplied againe in themselues doe offer the later quadrante which containeth 3459600. minutes The whole summe that is the numbers increased of these two quadrats are 5464656. The roote of the minutes which is of 2337. minutes deuided by 60. doth declare the distance which is betwéene Hamburge and Magdeburge to bee 39. Germaine miles almost An easier working and lesse curious THis great labour perhaps after the kind may feare some from the practise of these and the rather in that this curious or diligent multiplication of the minutes néedeth not in all or at all times especially if the space of the two cities doeth not containe many miles or that the cities offered be but alitle space distant one from the other For where the distance is great as of Viteberge Frankforde Noriberge and Roome c. The minutes then neglected do cause great errour But if the space be small betwéene the cities giuen without the acompt also of the minutes for that seldome in the onely minutes as are the neare places togither doe they onely differ the distaunce then by the onely degrées miles whole cannot be found But if any be minded not so curiously to search the distances of places then let him or them omit the minutes depending aswell to the degrées of the longitudes and latitudes as the miles and according to the instruction of the third rule the minutes beeing neglected or omitted you shall then finde without any difficulty the distance of places giuen An Example THe longitude of Franckeforde is of 25. degrées the latitude is of 53. degrees The longitude of Viteberge is of 30. degrees the latitude hath 51 degrees The difference of the longitudes is of 5. degrees The difference of the latitudes is 1. degree The halfe of the difference of the latitudes in whole degrées is nothing wherefore the middle latitude is the like nothing The miles assigned to the lesser latitude as to the 51. degrées are 9 multiply nowe these 9. miles with the difference of the longitudes with 5. degrées and the increase shall be 46. which multiplied in it selfe doe offer the first quadrate that is 2025. After multiply the difference of the latitudes that is one degrée with 15. miles which 15 miles multiplied againe in it selfe do produce or bring forth 225. which is the later quadrate These two quadrates conioyne and of the increase séek the root which then declareth the distance betwéene Franckforde and Viteberge to bee of Germaine miles about 74. Another THe longitude of Brunsweeke is of 28. degrees the latitude of 52. degrees The longitude of Viteberge is 30. degrees the latitude of 51. degrees The difference of the longitudes is of 2. degrees The difference of the latitudes is 1. degrée The miles assigned to the lesser latitude are 9. The difference of the
and reasonable well furnished of all things néedfull for mans life So that in the same middle Region of the earth vnder the Equatour it appeareth that through the coldnesse of the night it doth there temper sufficiently the burning heat of the day Besides these after the mind of Hiero. Cardane in that Saturne Mercurie and the moon which properly are cold and moyst planets haue a great force in the Regions vnder this zone but especially the moon that worketh her most force there in the night time more then the other twoe and of this cause more temperatnesse in the day time Besides these it is well known that those people haue two summers and two winters in the yeare For in the yeare of our Lord 1530. at the will and charge of Charles the fift Emperor a parte of America westward was discouered where Peru among the rest was found richest both of Gold and other rich things and costly drugges which is situated in longitude of 290. degrées from the West toward the East and is distant 5. degrées from the Equatoure toward the South But what substance of Gold and other rich things hath yearely bene brought from this yle néedeth not here any further rehersall And the like is to be considered and noted of the other two zones contained betwéene the Polare cyrcles and Poles of the worlde Although Albertus Mag. denieth a commodious dwelling for men in those places and confirmeth the same by probable reasons yet experience reclaimeth and denieth those opinions of his and other ancient writers In that it is well knowne that Gothland Norway Russia Lapeland Groueland and diuers other countries towarde the North pole is inhabited and well peopled And Galeottus Naruiensis proueth that men dwell vnder the North pole affirming the same not to bee true that the cause of the cold there is onely the far distaunce of the sun as not of the heate by nearenesse of his comming In that the sun by reason of the signe in which he is either increaseth or diminisheth them with vs. Besides he affirmeth that the colde is not so dispersed rounde about as that it compasseth rounde after the forme of a cyrcle nor that the heate in like sort doeth run round about the whole body of the earth Further Cardane writeth that vnder the poles there is no such coldnes as some suppose in that the Moone Venus and Mars haue the greatest latitudes in respect of the sun and the others besides For the moon hath fiue degrées to the North Venus and Mars excéed vnto eight degrées Northward but Saturne which is the author of cold scarcely performeth thrée degrées Northward Besides these the Moone more auaileth Northward and Southward neare to the poles then the sunne in that she nearer approacheth those parts For the Moone as aboue said hath fiue degrées of latitude as well to the North as South so that when she shall be in the first degrée of Cancer with her greatest latitude Northward that is in the head of the Dragon she shal then be néerer by fiue degrées to the Northerly pole then the sunne And in like maner when she shalbe in the taile of the Dragon at the entrance and beginning of Capricorne she shall bee nearer the pole antarcticke by fiue degrées than the sun Although in the winter the moone should be in the beginning of Capricorn with the Southerly latitude of foure or fiue degrées yet may she worke and cause more in the change of weather and shall cause more in Scotland than the sun in that her power and vertue there is such But in Brasilia and vnder the antarcticke pole for two causes the one in that shee is there of such power and the other for that in her working she is nearer What the longitudes and latitudes of the celestiall Zones are THe longitude of Zones beginneth from the West and is extended by the Noonestéede into the East and from the East againe by the midnight pointe into the West The motions of the sun in the zodiacke and Poles of the zodiacke doe describe the latitude of the zones For the suns motion or the zodiacke do describe the burnt zone séeing the sun on the one parte of the zodiacke goeth toward the North vnto the elongation of 23. degrées 28. minutes and being by his dayly motion in the beginning of Cancer doth describe the Tropick of Cancer which is the bound of the two zones the burnt zone and Northerly temperate Zone And on the other part of the zodiacke doeth the sun goe into the South vnto the same elongation and being in the beginning of Capricorne doth likewise describe the Tropicke of Capricorne which is the bounde of the other twoe zones in that it distinguisheth the burnt from the southerly temporate zone And the space also included in these two cyrcles vsing the middle place is called the burnt zone and thus the burnt zone doth imploy 46. degrées and 57. minutes The Poles of the Zodiacke which are dayly about the Poles of the worlde from which they differ 23. degrées and 28. minutes and are drawn by the motion of the first mouer doe describe two cyrcles in the diuers parts of heauen as the Polare cyrcles which also be the bounds of the zones that distinguish the twoe temperate from the colde zones So that the latitude of either colde zone vnto the poles of the world is of 23. degrées and 28. minutes The other degrées of the semicyrcle are atributed to the temperate zones so that either zone containeth 43. degrées and 3. minutes What is the Longitude and Latitude of the earthly Zones THe longitude of the earthly zones is like to the longitude of the celestiall as from the West by the noon stéed into the East and from thence by the midnight pointe againe into the West And the latitude of them is like to the latitude of the celestial zones for as the maner of the latitude of the celestiall burnt Zone is vnto the whole cyrcumference euen so is the maner of the earthly burnt zone vnto the compasse about of the earthly Globe that is as 47. degrées is vnto 360. and so likewise conceiue of the others And that this may plainer appeare vse the figure following in which a l h e. is the meridian or Colure of the solstices e x l. the Equatoure a x h. the meridian s u p. the earthly Globe s n. the earthly Tropicke of Cancer k o. the Tropicke of Capricorne t u. and q p. the arcticke cyrcles To these answere f r o k b b. and d s m c c. also c ff b a g e e i. the celestiall cyrcles And what the proportion f d. is vnto the whole cōpasse d a k g f the same is as aboue written the proportion r s. vnto the whole cyrcumference of the earthly Globe and on this wise conceiue of the other cyrcles The letters f d. bee the latitude of the celestiall burnt zone and r s. of the earthly d c.