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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34677	The history of the life and death of His Most Serene Highness, Oliver, late Lord Protector wherein, from his cradle to his tomb, are impartially transmitted to posterity, the most weighty transactions forreign or domestique that have happened in his time, either in matters of law, proceedings in Parliaments, or other affairs in church or state / by S. Carrington.	Carrington, S. (Samuel)	1659 (1659)	Wing C643; ESTC R19445	140,406	292

Guard of Halberdiers and the Warders of the Tower The Solemnity was mannaged with a great deal of State from Somerset-House to Westminster many thousands of people being Spectators in the Windows and upon the Scaffolds all along the way as it passed At the West Gate of the Abbey Church the Hearse with the Effigies thereon was taken off again from the Chariot by those ten Gentlemen who placed it thereon before and in their passing on to carry it into the Church the Canopy of State was by the former six Gentlemen born over it again In which stately manner it was carried up to the East end of the Abbey and there placed in that Magnificent structure which was purposely erected there to receive it where it is to remain for some time exposed to publick view The Corps having been some dayes before Interred in Henry the Seventh's Chappel in a Vault purposely prepared for the same over which a costly Monument is preparing Thus have you a brief Relation of the last Ceremonies of Honor which were performed to the Memory of his late Highness who by his Heroick Acts had so well deserved as that my dull pen not able to express them I shall remit the Reader to censure my endeavours and submit to those that shall hereafter undertake to present the World with a larger Chronicle FINIS THE CHARACTER of his late Serene Highness OLIVER Late Lord Protector With several Reflections on the foregoing History SEeing Philosophers are of opinion that the Resemblance of Children to their Parents as well in their bodily shapes and features as in the Inclinations of their Souls is produced by one and the self-same Cause chiefly grounded upon this reason That the one is the Representative of the other And seeing moreover that we may not attribute unto a material Cause an immaterial Effect such as are all the operations of a Rational Soul they reject the power of a forming vertue the the Imaginary one the Constellation of the Planets and the qualities of the Seed To fix upon a more sublime mystery whereby God would have the Legitimateness of Children and Nephews to be manifested rather by the better part of man which is the Soul then by his Complexion his Behaviour his Speech and the shape of his Body And that such glorious souls as are wrapt up as it were in the body should like unto a transparent sun penetrate through those thick clouds and by that resplendency which they infuse through the whole body should attract the esteem and veneration which they beget in men either in the vulgar sort who are onely taken with the out-side or in the malicious and envious who endeavour to smoother those Talents in others which they do not possess themselves Which truth that we may the better make good it will not be amiss having first represented unto you some of his late Highness the Lord Protectors memorable Acts to demonstrate unto you the greatness of his soul and how well it was placed whereby all its Heroical vertues may as through a Christal glass appear unto the eyes of the whole world In this wise all Hystoriographers have proceeded not onely in their describing of the lives of Illustrious Personages but also in subduing of Cities and Towns Foretresses and places of Consequence which no sooner had received the Conquerours yoke but the Origine and Foundations were narrowly pried into the manner of their being fortified was described the form of their being besieged the assaults which they susteined and the glory which they acquired even by their surrendry upon honorable terms whereas on the contrary inconsiderate ones are quite neglected their appellations and reductions being scarce deemed worthy to be specified in a History In like manner since death after several vain attempts and successess assaults hath at length bereaved us of our Illustrious late Lord Protector we shall give you the Character of his person to let you see how much he resembled his glorious predecessors And howbeit we may thereby somewhat diminish and detract from his glory however so beautiful a soul as his was accompanied by a body participating of all those Organs which were succeptible of such high and admirable operations could not choose but produce the ensuing glorious effects In his person he somewhat exceeded the usual middle stature but was well proportioned accordingly being of a becoming fatness well shaped having a masculine face a sparkling eye both courteous and harsh at once according as there was occasion hardy and fierce in combats and reprehensions tempered in councels and meek promising to the afflicted and suitors He was of a strong constitution and of an active body well disposed an enemy both to ease and excess and although in his youth he was capable of yet he used not those fair and bewitching pleasures which a countrey where idleness and wantonness did reign doth afford to vigorous constitutions with a great deal of mediocrity in the War he was active vigilant and circumspect and although he was doubtless one of the best head-pieces in the world yet he disdained not to conferre and take counsel with others even in Affairs of the least concernment His greatest delight was to read men rather then books and his Eloquence which was both Masculine and Martial was rather a natural gift then an effect of art wherein he alwayes mingled some passages of the holy Writ in which his piety had amply instructed him to which most charming part as well as to his Sword he owed most of his Conquests and Victories being alwayes accustomed to exhort and animate his Souldiers at the undertaking of any great enterprize and before the giving of a battle so likewise after he had gained the victory he himself did express unto God his thankfulness and acknowledgements with so profound an humility as that he attributed unto God alone all his good success and did constantly refuse all those triumphs which were prepared for and profered to his valour He had an especial care to have Piety and Godliness reign in his Armies and punished as a most enormious crime those who took Gods name in vain Moreover he loved his Souldiers as his Children and his greatest care was to see them provided for with all necessaries requisite by which foresight and provividence he was the better able to execute that severe punishment which he usually caused to be inflicted on those who plundred and spoiled the Peasants for which crime he would not have pardoned his ownbrother and on the other side he was alwayes most bountiful and liberal to his Souldiers and those Pensions which are yet payed daily unto the old Souldiers unto their Widows and to the maimed and hurt men may save those charges which some Princes have been at to hire persons to weep and lament at their Funerals and over their Tombs He took great delight to discourse of the Affairs of the World and his own judgement did furnish him with such exact resolutions

into the hands of his Excellency the Lord Ambassador and General Lockhart who was by his Highness declared Governour of the same and took possession of it with four English Regiments which compose the Garrison thereof and serve to defend the Fort Mardike and the new Fort Royal begun by the Spaniards on the Channel of Burges and perfected by the English now called Olivers Fort. The Inhabitants of which place are so much taken with the superabundancy of the generosity and goodness of their said Governour his Excellency the Lord Lockhart as that they repent themselves to have so much listned to the Spanish false perswasions and fears which they possessed them with that they should be cruelly and inhumanely treated by the English purposely to make them resist the longer It had been well they had had so much care of their Souls as they perswaded them they had of their Goods and Fortunes But it would be too great a conquest to pretend joyntly to overcome both the Consciences of men and their Town to boot the first is Gods due and the other Caesars And we may observe in Alexander the Great whensoever his Forces became Master sof any place he would alwayes sacrifice to the Gods of the Countrey thereby to gain the Inhabitants hearts and to induce their Gods to become propitious to him Numa Pompilius was a King before he was a Priest and although the Almighty hath imprinted in all men a particular inclination to adore him yet however as concerning the manner of worshipping him Policy alwayes preceded Religion and ever kept the upper hand over her as much as she possibly could King Henry the Fourth of France was a Protestant whilst he had overcome his Enemies but as soon as he was settled in the Throne and that he was to Reign as King he seemingly returned Papist and said That the Kingdome of France and City of Paris was worth a going to Mass But when as superstitious and zealous spirits counselled him to prosecute and pursue the Protestants he answered That so long as they remained faithful and true to him and continued to stand by and serve him as they were wont he would be as much a Father and Protector unto him as unto the rest of his good Subjects These Maximes are general and common and admit of no distinctions save in Schools nor need the Spaniards with all their Hypocrisie and Pious malice to doubt but that France and England understanding each other well enough and that the English themselves are prudent enough to avoid that which may prejudice them and to tollerate whatsoever may advance and further their conquests and beget a love and esteem of their government But to return to our former subject again as we have oft before alledged the joyes of this World are alwayes for the most part mingled with some allayes of sorrow the Almighty being willing to keep us mindful that there are no perfect felicities to be enjoyed here on earth and that its onely in heaven we are to expect an intire and perpetual Contentment and Bliss Wherefore the Laurels of the Victory obtained against the Spaniards and of the taking of the Town of Dunkirk were soon withered and the joyes abated by the interposing of the Cypress-tree which death planted upon the Tomb of the Illustrious and most generous Lady Cleypoll second Daughter to his late Highness who departed this mortal life to a more glorious and eternal one on the sixth day of August this present year a fatal prognostication of a more sensible ensuing loss For even as Branches of trees being cut and lopped in an ill season do first draw away the sap from the tree and afterwards cause the body thereof to dry up and dye In like manner during the declining age of his late Highness an ill season in which men usually do as it were reap all their consolation from the youth and vigor of their Children wherein they seem to ruine by degrees as they draw near to their death it unfortunately fell out that this most illustrious Daughter the true representative and lively Image of her Father the Joy of his Heart the Delight of his Eyes and the Dispenser of his Clemency and Benignity dyed in the flower of her age which struck more to his heart then all the heavy burthens of his Affairs which were onely as a pleasure and pastime to his great Soul So great a power hath Nature over the dispositions of generous Men when the tye of Blood is seconded by love and vertue This generous and noble Lady Elizabeth therefore departed this World in despite of all the skill of Physicians the Prayers of those afflicted persons whom she had relieved and the vows of all kinde of Artists whom she cherished But she dyed an Amazonian-like death despising the Pomps of the Earth and without any grief save to leave an afflicted Father perplex'd at her so sudden being taken away she dyed with those good Lessons in her mouth which she had practised whilest she lived And if there be any comfort left us in her death it is the hope we have That her good Example will raise up the like inclinations in the remainder of her Sisters whom Heaven hath yet left us I shall not at all speak of her Funerals for if I might have been credited all the Muses and their God Apollo should have made her an Epicedium and should have appeared in mourning which should have reached from the top of their Mount Parnassus to the bottom of the valley thereof But if this illustrious Personages death received not the Funeral Rites which all great Wits were bound to pay it at least the Martial men did evidence that the disgrace lay not at their doors but that they ought to reap all the glory since they were not backward to continue to brave and affront dangers in the behalf of an illustrious and glorious Cause wherefore the sad tydings of this noble Personages death touched the gallant English to the heart seeing they were bereaved of their English Pallas and of their Jupiters Daughter they therefore accused the Destinies for intrenching upon their Priviledges and evidenced that it appertained not alone unto them to dispose of the lives of men Their wrath therefore discharged it self on the first Objects which presented themselves to their eyes and the harmless Spaniards were so many Victims offered up to this Amazons shrine and as if Graveling had been her stake they were so eagerly bent to fire the Enemies out of the same as that the Spaniards were constrained to open their gates to give vent to the fire and flame which suffocated them and surrendered themselves to the Conquering French Army to whose share that place fell and by whose force it was solely gained As Physicians do agree that extreme Joy causeth Death as well as excessive Grief so may we likewise say That both these violent Passions united together must needs destroy the strongest person on earth

and that the Conflict which they produce in a Soul is capable to turn the edge of the keenest weapons which are opposed to their resistance and to make the fairest champain Field become a parched barren plat of Ground But what need we to seek external Causes in a Death which brought along such violent ones with it a Cardinal of Richelieu who was one of the best Tempers and Constitutions in the world did fall under the burthen of the Anxieties and Agitations of the Mind The scabbard as the Proverb saith being worn out by the sharpness of the blade must of necessity finde a vent And how could it otherwise chuse that a Man who for the space of ten or twelve years together had opposed himself to all the Injuries both of Time and of War should not at length fall under the activeness of a soul which seldom gave him any rest which governed and directed the Reins of three restive Kingdoms unaccustomed to the noble and famous Trappings of a Military Government and who moreover was to direct and guide the Consciences as well as the Bodies of Men and their Reasons as well as their Wills It had not been considerable had the Interest of England onely required that his Cares had been limitted within the Pales which the Sea prescribes to her Precincts But as the cause of the Disease was from abroad and that from the Closets of the Escurial the Spaniards had imployed their false Piety as well as their Peru Gold to discover and molest the repose of England so fire and flame was to be applied without and it was necessary to penetrate into the very secret causes of the evils The People of the Cities of the Continent were to be disabused and the Soldiery were to be overcome in open field The Mines of Mexico were to be looked into and the extent of that Ambition was to be curtailed which boasts it self both to see the Sun set and rise These were vaste imployments indeed of a large activity to run through these undertakings the fervor of them was scorching and although the Heavens did second these lawful Designes with all its Graces yet it could not without a Miracle and without destroying the secondary Causes hinder the separation of a Soul from a Body which it had so often employed and so efficaciously seconded the grand Affairs both of State and War for the Peace Glory and Tranquillity of three Nations Wherefore Nature it self did witness her grief some two or three dayes before by an extraordinary Tempest and violent gust of weather insomuch that it might have been supposed that her self had been ready to dissolve or that the Master-piece of Nature suffered a violent agitation And as the Death of the Sun of Righteousness was foretold by an Eclipse of the Sun which covered the surface of the whole Earth with Darkness In like manner at the death of the People of Englands Hercules both Force and Nature were let loose to shake the very Elements and by the reuniting of their violence like unto those who are ready to give up the Ghost to leave some marks of an extream dissolution all which is so lively set forth by the quaintest Wit of these times as that I shall not inlarge any further upon this observation but shall onely content my self to repeat unto you his Verses who expresseth it more elegantly and copiously then my rough Prose can possibly reach to Upon the late Storm and his Highness death ensuing the same We must resign Heaven his great soul doth claim In Storms as loud as his immortal fame His dying groans his last breath shakes our Isle And Trees uncut fall for his Funeral Pile About his Palace there broad roots were tost Into the Air so Romulus was lost New Rome in such a tempest mist their King And from obeying fell to worshipping On Aetna's top thus Hercules lay dead With ruin ' Oaks and Pines about him spread Those his last fury from the Mountain rent Our dying Hero from the continent Ravish whole Towns and Forts from Spaniards reft As his last Legacy to Brittain left The Ocean which so long our hopes confin'd Could give no limits to his vaster minde Our bounds inlargement was his latest toil Nor hath he left us Prisoners to our Isle Vnder the Tropick is our Language spoke And port of Flanders hath receiv'd our Yoke From Civil Broyls he did us disingage Found nobler objects for our Martial rage And with wise conduct to his Countrey shew'd Their ancient way of conquering abroad Vngrateful then it were no tears allow To him that gave us peace and Empire too Princes that fear'd him grieve concern'd to see No Pitch of glory from the Grave is free Nature her self took notice of his death And sighing swell'd the Sea with such a breath That to remotest shores her billows rould The approaching fate of their Great Ruler told And truly I had need of all Parnassus his art to sweeten and mollifie the bitterness of this death which causeth my pen to fall to the ground and would cast up my Muse into a pittiful swound did not all the rest of the Muses come to her aid and sprinkle her with some of that divine Water which nourisheth her to make her revive again and to restore her to her strength to announce to posterity the time the day and the manner when and how his late Highness our great Oliver breathed his last After his late Highness had therefore been sick about a fortnight of a Disease which at the beginning was but an Ague on a Friday being the third of September 1658. in the Morning he gave all the signs of a dying person and for whom the Physicians had onely Vows and Prayers in reserve However he remained in that manner till about three of the Clock in the afternoon when as his Soul which had alwayes retained the upper hand of his Body preserved her Empire till the last moment he had alwayes his wits about him and his perfect and intire understanding and continued to deliver those Oracles which were necessary to establish after so great a loss the Peace and Tranquility of England and immediately to repair the ruines which so dangerous a dissolution had threatned the State withall and might cause in the mindes of every particular person His greatest and most important care was to name a Protector to be his successor which he did with Reasons so little savouring of his own interests and worldly concernments as that he testified that being not content to have sacrificed himself for the common good by the shortning of his dayes he was willing to consecrate his Children thereunto by the lading of them with the heavy burden of those weighty mysteries which may well be termed a Royal and Gilt Servitude Which succession was so necessary to the Peace and Tranquility of the State that the Common-wealth and the Elective Kingdoms are constrained to imitate it and the successive