Greeks call it Exarthrosis when the joynts or heads of the bones go out of their hollow places or cavities Yet other parts besides the bones go out of their places which happeneth in ruptures when the paunch or guts fall down into the Cods or when by great wounds the guts come forth also in the falling out of the womb or of an eye Another kinde of Disease of composition is when the parts are separated that ought to be joyned together which happeneth if the bonds by whose intervene they are linked together are loosened made longer or broken which happeneth sometimes in the womb and other parts of the body or it happens if those are joyned together that should be parted a sunder as when one is tongue-tyed or the eye-lids grow together or two fingers grow together or the fundament be closed CHAP. X. Of Diseases of Solution of Unity THE third kind of Disease is common to similar and Organick parts Diseases of Solution of continuity and is called Solution of Unity when the parts which ought to be one and continued lose their continuity and are divided There are many differences of Diseases of Unity principally taken from the part affected Their differences and the causes dissolving Unity Those things which dissolve Unity some of them cut and prick others erode others bow and break others beat in pieces But the parts which are dissolved are either soft or hard if a soft part be dissolved by a thing that cutteth A wound it is called by the Greeks Trauma by the Latines Vulnus i. e. a wound But if a soft part be dissolved by a sharp instrument pricking A puncture Contusion it is called a Puncture But if a soft part be offended by a blunt weapon and a hard one and be straitned within it self it is called a Confusion the Greek Thlasis and Thlasma If a soft part be broken by any thing that bendeth it Rupture 't is called a Rupture and in the nervous parts peculiarly it is called a Spasme But if there be solution of continuity in a hard part or bone from any other cause then Erosion Fracture namely from cutting or contusion it is called a fracture Caries in Greek Agma and Catagma but if by Erosion it is called Caries in Greek Teredon i. e. rottenness in bones If continuity be dissolved in soft parts by Erosion An Ulcer it is called Elkos in Greek in Latin Ulcus Anglice an Ulcer Lastly An Apospasme if there be solution of Unity of compound parts and those which naturally are different from each other in kind are nourished and grow together they are called Apospasmes as when the skin from a membrane the membranes from the muscles and a muscle from a muscle are separated CHAP. XI Of the Accidental and common differences of Diseases HItherto we have spoken of the effential differences of Diseases The accidental differences of Diseases there remains the accidental differences which are taken from those things which follow the essence of a Disease or from the subject and causes and other circumstances and are also common to many First a body sometimes is sick of one disease One disease sometimes of anther and that is said to be one disease which onely seizeth on one part and offends its actions or when one disease afflicts the whole body but there are many diseases Many diseases which in a different manner affect many and different parts of the body A disease which occupieth one part of a body is either simple A disease simple compound or compound Simple is when no other disease is joyned with it Compound is when it is coupled with one or more other diseases in the same part whether they are of the same nature or of some other but diseases which are knit together not with other diseases but with some grievous symptoms are not properly called complicate diseases Fernelius calleth them diseases of fellowship Diseases of fellowship Solitary even as he calleth those that are neither joyned with any other disease nor with any grievous symptom Solitary diseases As for diseases that are not joyned together in one part there are many they are divided by Fernelius into separated and implicite connexed and consequent Separated are such as consist in divers parts Separated which neither have common use nor action neither do they communicate the affect by turnes from one part to another as the Podagra or Gout in the foot the Ophthalmie or Inflamed Eye Those are called implicite diseases which afflict divers parts which have one common use and action Im plicite as if divers parts of the breasts are afflicted Moreover he calleth them connexed and consequent diseases Connexed when one disease is the cause of another which principally cometh to pass when one part communicates its effects to another Secondly from the manner of generation and subsistence Making some are called diseases Making others Made Diseases Making are such Made that although they are produced out of their cause and now are yet they cannot subsist without their efficient cause but their cause retreating they also withdraw from their subject Made diseases may continue though their efficient cause be taken away Thirdly in respect of the subject Universall Particular one disease is called Universall which afflicts the whole another particular which affects any part of the body another externall which occupieth the outward parts of the body another internall which possesseth the inward parts thereof Some diseases also are congruous such as are agreeable to the Temperament and constitution of the body Others are Incongruous and disagreeable to the Temperament and constitution thereof Of Age. Fourthly in respect of age some are diseases of Infants others of children Sex others of boyes others of youths others of young men others of middle aged men and others of old men as also in Relation to sex some of Males others of Females Fifthly By the being of a thing By consent diseases some are by Idiopathy or Essence others by sympathy or consent A disease by essence is that which hath its beginning from a cause begotten in that place wherein the disease is stirred up By sympathy or consent is that which is stirred up by matter severed from the part where the disease is Sixthly Lâ—gitimate Spurious some diseases are legitimate others Spurious Legitimate are such as proceed from one simple and onely cause Spurious are such as proceed from mixt humours Seventhly some diseases are inherent to man from his first beginning others happen to him after he is begotten Those which come from our first beginning Hereditary are twofold first hereditary whose causes and dispositions are derived from the seed and menstruous blood of the parents to their children and cause a disease in them which they were troubled with secondly from ill conformity some evill may happen to the child
latter is occasioned two wayes either when the vital spirits are generated vitious and impure in the heart which when the matter of the animal spirit is such in the braine 't is necessary that there be generated in such black animal spirits in the braine or because although the vital spirit be good and pure neverthelesle the constitution of the brain is vitious which changeth the pure vital spirit into a black animal spirit The cause of mad Love is sorrow and conti nual solitation Of mad Love to which anger is often joined arising through the desire of a fair thing whether it be really so or seem so to be for although the amorous herb Philtra may stir up desire to lust yet that desire is not terminated in any definite person nor can the mind of a man be compelled to love that which he is unwilling to love and that Philtra doth not cause love but madnesse also as experience often teacheth The cause of madness is a hot and fiery disposition of the animal spirits Madnssâ—e such hot and fiery spirits proceed from a hot distemper of the braine or hot vapours mingled therewith which black Choller will set foreward sometimes in the veins of the head only other times in the whole body especially in those that are great with child and when it resides about the womb whether they are generated of fervent blood or adust colour or dryed Melancholy The disease which causeth men to think that they are turned into Wolves is called Lycanthropie Lycanthropie if it proceed from a natural cause and not from the Devil It ariseth from the depravation of the imagination and ratiocination and the blood of living creatures being drunk may be very powerful to cause the same yet for the most part it becomes from poyson communicated to us by the biting of any mad living creature or by the froth of their mouths thrown upon us by spittle by receiving their breath with our mouths by eating the flesh of ravenous animals whence Wolf-madness also Dog-madness and Badger-madness do arise as Hydrophobie which is when one is distractedly timerous of waters which neverthelesse may be occasioned without the biting of any mad animal by poyson in mans body but principally is occasioned by terror of the observations of Physitians do witness and then the disease is not to be referred to madness because those Symptomes which are proper to those that are bitten with mad creatures do not appear in these but onely the diâ—eased are adverse to all liquid things and neither can swallow liquid things but also at the sight and noise of them they fall in danger of swooning and death which nature is peculiar to this poyson nor can any other cause be rendered from manifest qualities But the disease of Tarantators Of Tarantulas and a company of S. Viti occasioned by the venemous biting of a Tarantula and the Chorea of S. Viti so called hath its rise from a venemous and malignant humour somewhat like to the venom of a Taâ—antula begotten in mans body and indeed is the cause of the Symptomes of the rest of the poysons in general but because they dance in this manner that is proper to this poyson onely neither can there be rendered any manifest cause thereof but here it is necessary to fly to that sanctuary of ignorance and to say that this poyson is destroyed in an occuâ—â— manner by the force of musick and this little creature is harmoneous and delights in musick CHAP. V. Of the causes of the Symptomes of the mooving faculty IN the first place the cause of a Palsie Cause of the Palsie or deprivation of motion in one part or more is the defect of animal spirits in the Organs appointed for motion the spirits are deficient when they are not sent out by the Nerves from the braine as happens in an Apoplexy sometimes also this disease is called a Palsie for although they are emitted yet through the ill disposition of the part they cannot exercise motion and sense therein they are not admitted through default of the Nerves and spinal Marrow namely when they endure some cold distemper and moist especially yet sometimes hot and dry or are dull or are cut or knockt or beaten or are made narrower or by obstruction or compression by reason of some humor or tumor or tubercle whether they are in the Nerves themselves as after wounds of the Nerves and contusions of the same scars do arise or in the parts neer thereunto by some contusion by a stroak or a fall by a sudden relaxation made of the Vertabres or being bound Besides a Palsie there are other impotencies of motion Cause of taking away motion the cause whereof besides that of the Nerves even now explained in a Palsie is the fault of the part instituted for motion a vitious disposition and disease namely if the bones in the joynts which are framed for them cannot move oâ— cannot rightly be removed out of their place through ill conformation fracture relaxation if the ligaments which come about the joints and continue in motion in a natural state are broken cut asunder eroded attenuated or become softer or on the contrary are dryed hardned and filled witk a hard and knoty substance if the Muscles and their Tendones are cooled too much and their native heat be as it were dulled or moistned by some humour contrary to nature or on the other side if they are dryed and hardned if any tumor knot bunch hard flesh ariseth in them if they are wounded if the Tendones are so stretched out by violent motion that they become longer then they were or wont to be or as it were broken with bonds or if a painful tumor be in a Muscle The cause of Lazinesse is the reception of trouble in the Muscles and parts appointed for animal motion Of Laziness but since this slownesse is two-fold voluntary and against our wills the one comes without much exercise and labour from vitious humours burning the parts appointed for motion the other which is also called Excicrative comes after too much labour and motion the parts serving for motion being dried and the spirits consumed The cause of trembling is the imbecility of the motive faculty Of Trembling which cannot keep the member in that part wherein it is placed The faculty is become weak through the faintnesse of the strength and some defect of animal spirits whether they are not generated by reason of some distemper of the brain or defect of the vital spirits either scattered or consumed both which may be occasioned by too large evacuations long fasting watchings long and tedious sicknesse too much Venery or through diseases of the Nerves as distemper especially cold contracted by what meanes soever or want or losse of sense is occasioned by stupifactives or by straitnesse but lesse then in a Palsie The cause of Convulsion is the irritation of the expulsive faculty Of
ulcer lyeth hid in the Reins Bladder or otherwise through which the Vrine passeth or when from the superiour parts as the Brests or Lungs nature evacutates matter through the Vrinary passages Small pustles of flesh called Caruncles in the Vrine of exulcerated Reins are aprts of the substance Of Caruncles Of slimy Ecrements Slimy thick and tough flegm like the snot of the nose if it be made with the Urine and be voided with pain for the most part it is a token of the Stone in the Bladder but that which is made without pain Fernelius saith doth proceed from a crude ulcer of the Reins or parts thereabout or from an imposthume and truely for the most part such matter being present in the bladder as it is the beginning so it is a sign of the Stone of the Bladder and moreover being sent out it coagulates into a lapidious hardness but sometimes flegm which is cast forth in great plenty is the off-spring of crude matter and ill digestion in the parts beyond the Reins Worms if they appear in the Urine proceed from corrupt and sordid matter Of worms as in other parts Small strings and little bodies like hairs Of fibres and hairs and cobwebs if they are put forth with the Urine have their original from a thick humour either in the veins or in the reins or dryed in the ureters and reduced into this form by the longitude of the vessel Bubbles and froth are generated from wind included in viscous matter Of bubbles and froth which when it cannot exhale extends the matter into a tumor and those bubbles may be of divers colours according to the nature of the humour in which the inclosed wind stirs them up A Crown shews what kind of humors are contained in the greater vessels Of a crown and according to the diversity of humors hath divers colours and is seated in the upper part of the Urine and in that circle many things are obvious to our eyes which cannot be discerned in the rest of the humors because the light in the superficies of the liquor is otherwise divided and received then in the middle Lastly Of fat if fat swim upon the top of the Vrine it proceeds from melting of the grease but this proceeds from heat therefore if the fat continually swim in Urine like cobwebs it shews consumption and melting of the body yet Fernelius writes that he would advise you of Oyl taken inwardly least any small bodies of Oyl swim in the Urine by that means CHAP. X. Of the causes of changes in Vrines BUt Urines vary also in those that are sound Causes of changing of Vrines in regard of temperaments sex age time of the year sleep watching exercises passions of the mind and such like which are called the causes of variations of Urines As for the temperaments Vrine of those that are hot and cold hot temperaments have higher coloured Urines and thinner and less sediment or in stead of a sediment a cloud or Nubecula but colder have Urines paler coloured and few Contents also unless raw juice which proceeds from weaker concoction be mingled with the Urine In respect of age Of Boyes Youths Old men Of middle age Boyes have white Urines thicker with a plentiful sediment youths thinner with few Contents but higher coloured old men have white Urines but thin and without Contents unless many excrements meet together which if they are mingled with the Urines it happens that the Urine is made thick and full of Contents those that are of a middle age have indifferet Urines In regard of the Sex the Urines of men are far higher Of men or deeper coloured then the Urines of women thinner and have fewer Contents but the Urines of women are paler and by reason of crude humors thicker with more plentiful sediment yet nevertheless the Urines of men and women do not so vary that they can be known by certain signs whether it be a mans or womans water Of women great for reasons may be given also in men which produce such Urines as otherwise are familiar to women although as in such as are great with child there may be some change of Urine when the Menstruous blood is retained in them and from thence no small change is made in the body yet that change doth not afford a certain sign whether a woman be great when the same causes of change may be shewen in other women which are not great but in some which are more lively there is little change of Urine As for the time of the year Change of Vrine according to the time of the year the Urines of every kind in the middle of the spring are moderate as also in the middle of autumn but by how much the more the year goes on towards Summer by so much the more the colour of Vrine is encreased and the thickness and Contents are diminuished in the Summer also the Vrines are higher coloured thinner and have less sediments in autumn the colour of Vrines and tenuity are lessened the Urines in the Winter come neerest the best state In hot Regions According to the Region and degrees of Heaven To exercise and rest and under the hotter degrees of Heaven Urines are made deeper coloured thinner and of little sediment In colder Climates they are neerer to the best state Those which exercise and labour moderately make well concocted Urines and in colour substance and contents moderate but those that exercise and labour immoderately in those first the colour is encreased and the thickness and contents diminuished but if the exercise continue long the colour and tenuity is lessened when the streng this weakned but those that live idly make Vrines not much coloured and moreover thick and with many sediments In immoderate watchings first the colour is encreased According to sleeping and waking but if they continue long 't is abated sleep if it be moderate causeth Vrine to be good in all but if it be immoderate it encreaseth the colour of the Vrine but abateth the contents and substance but if it be protracted longer it becomes crude The passions of the mind since some encrease the heat Passions of the mind some diminish it according to the calidity and frigidity which they bring upon the body they alter the Vrines Lastly Meat Drink and Medicines Meats Drinks and Medicines change the Vrine and Meat taken moderately causeth a moderate sediment more plentifully a more plentiful thin causeth none Meats also Drinks and Medicines have a power of changing colour and smel lof Vrines CHAP. XI VVhat is to be observed in the Inspection of Vrines SInce all these things are spoken of Vrines for that end that from thence diseases the causes of diseases maybe known and the events foretold that this may be rightly done we are to admonish you what things are to be observed in the Inspection of Vrine First the time in
blood necessary for the forming of the young be deficient or very little Generation is depraved when the young are very weak or when monsters are generated which comes to passe through the foul Seed of the Father or theâ— imagination of the Mother Lastly Abortion the causes of abortion are either too great bignesse of fruit or defect of necessary nourishment or humours which are contained in the Membranes which when they are broken are poured into the Womb putrifie and become sharp and stimulate the expultrix or by a breaking and loosening of the vessels by which the Child adheres to the Womb. CHAP. II. Of the Causes of the Symptomes of the vital faculty and of the hindrance of respiration THe Symptomes which happen about the vital faculty Causes of the Palpitation of the heart or as hath been said Palpitation of heart swooning and sudden deprivation of the senses the causes of the Palpitation of the heart are first things troublesome to the heart meeting with it which it desires to remove from it namely vapours either in plenty or quality either manifest or occult or both troubling the heart putrid humours sharp hot abundantly rushing into the heart or pressing it also tumours and fleshy excrescencies and callous flesh bred about the heart or Worms molesting it in the Chest thereof moreover some moderate defect of the vital Spirits through want too great evacuations passions of the mind vehement griefe too much exercise which the heart strives by more vehement pulsation to restore and strengthen Thirdly preternatural heat encreased not onely consumes and scatters the Spirits but also enflames them which that nature may restore temperate and coole it appointeth this motion of the heart The causes of Sypothymy are defect and want of vital Spirits Of Sypothymy which either are not generated whether by defect of matter namely of air and blood or the debility of the generative faculty and from disease of the heart or being generated or taken away and destroyed whilest either they are suffocated or dispersed or corrupted by some occult or malignant qualities These causes if they are very grievous produce swooning The changes of Pulses shall be spoken of in their due place Respiration is hurt first when the moving faculty is hurt The cause of Respiration hurt Faculty of Luâ—gs hurt Of the Brest and that either of the Lungs or Brests the faculty of the Lungs is hurt either by its selfe when its temperament is destroyed and the innate heat is deficient as in such as are dying or it is hindered and hurt by accident when the brest by what means soever becomes straiter and the Lungs have not space wherein to dilate themselves The faculty of the Brest is said to be hindered by its self or by accident by its selfe when the animal spirits necessary to motion is wanting or because it decayes as in such as are dying or its influx is not made as in an Apoplexy or it is not received through default of the Nerves carrying the animal Spirits to the Muscles of the Brest and Midriff but 't is hurt by accident when by reason of the pain of the side or parts adjacent or matter and blood contained in the Brest or Wind or Tumours or something in the Panch the Brests and Midriff cannot freely be moved or when the Bowels in the Panch hanging about the Midriffe are obstructed exceedingly and swell so that by their weight between breathing the Midriff suffers not them to move freely Secondly Of Instruments Respiration is hindered by reason of the Organs when there is any Organick Disease or solution of continuity in the Lungs Midriff Muscles of the Brest and Panch the Wind-pipe Thirdly In regard of use when the custome of breathing is changed namely when it is too violent through the fiety heat kindled in the Lungs and Heart Lastly Of Air. Respiration is hindered by reason of the sharpness which we draw in in breathing if it be not fit for cooling and fanning of the heat The difference of an Astma and an Orthopnae The causes of an Astma and shortnesse of breath which are peculiar diseases of shortness of breath is this when a man constantly breaths with great difficulty without a Fever such as do those who after a violent â—ace and exercise stop The immediate cause is straitness of the mouths of the Lungs or the use encreased by reason of the narrowness of the Pipe of the Lungs but that straitness is caused by stoppages or pressure of the Lungs or of the Wind-pipe of the Lungs and both obstruction and compression are caused fiâ—st by thick and viscid humours but sometimes by thin and serous humours but in great plenty Moreover a Crude Tumour or by some swelling or gravel sticking in the â—ungs which cause obstructions when they stick in the Pipe of the Lungs but compression when they are in the substance of the Lungs or its Veins and Arteries This matter sometimes is gathered by little and little through its weaknesse sometimes it flows from elsewhere and most commonly it is thought to flow from the head by the vulgar but to me it seems more probable to flow through the Arterious Veins from the Liver into the Lungs whilest crude humours are generated therein or abound in a venemous kind which even that shews that in an Astma the cough is not alwayes present which neverthelesse perpetually accompanies a Catarrh and because these that are troubled with an Astma have always an ill habit of body and the signs of debility of the Liver A Crude Tumor may consist not onely in the Wind-pipes but without it which when it happens and consisteth about the smooth Arteries yet it presses the rough Arteries and respiration is thereby hurt and the Heart is drawn into consent and an uneven pulse is produced CHAP. III. Of the causes of the Symptomes of the external senses SInce order requires that we speak of the causes of the Symptomes of the Animal faculty first of all the the sight is hurt divers ways by reason of diseases of parts constituting the eyes and the default of the optique and spirits The Tunicle called Cornea which comes in the fiâ—st place since it is transparent and void of colour that it may permit the passing through of visible species if it lose its transparency Faults of the Cornea or be affectd with a stange colour it hinders the sight it loseth its diaphanity if it be thicker and become more dense or be moistned or pustules or little skins cover it It grows thicker and more dense by drying and that either the whole which disease is called Caligo or else some part is become white which is called an Albugo Caligo Albugo which spot if it be perfectly white and darkning so that it permit no passage for visible species and cover the whole Pupil it causeth blindness but if it be not perfectly white nor hinders all the passage
Convulsion of the Fibres and nervous parts in the Muscles by reason of something troublesome which draws the part joined to it into consent and stirs it up to this motion whereby the Fibres being contracted the Muscle is drawn back to its original Emprosthotonos Emprosthotonâ—s Opisthotonos is made in the Muscles which bends the body of such as are affected forwards Opisthotonos by the Muscles affected bends the body backward Tetanos is from an equal contraction of the Muscles Tâ—tanos Spasmus Cynious The Spasmus Cynichus or troublesome Cramp ariseth from a convulsion of the Muscles of the Mouth Trismos from contraction of the Muscles of the Jaws Also the cause of convulsive motions is a humor Of grinding Teeth Of convulsive motions or a vapor an enemy to the whole generation of Nerves irritating the expulsive faculty in them and stimulating them to expulsion yet is not fixed but hath various motions through all nervous parts and so the member is agitated in various motions and for the most part it happens that the braine is affected and matter is seâ—â— from thence into all the Nerves When the Cramp and Palsie are complicate Of the complication of the Crump and Palsie Privation of speech the â—â—mour is of a mixt nature which hath force partly oâ— loosening Nerves partly of vellicating and twitchiâ—â— them Privation of speech happens through default either 〈◊〉 the Spirits and Nerves which carry them or of the parâ— which are necessary for the bringing forth of a word The spirits are deficient in an Apoplexy Epilepsie anâ—â— Dumnesse properly so called Men are become duâ—â— through the fault of the Nerves when either the Nerveâ—â— of third pair are affected from whence the tongue also receives its Nerve which defect if it be native for the most part the hearing is abolished by reason of the communion of the Nerves of the tongue and the ear that felowship is hurt or when the Nerves of the sixth and seventh conjugations and those going back and vocâ— Nerves are either cut or stretched or cooled or intercepted or hurt by what means soever The voice is hurt through organick diseases thereof if either the Membranes of the Larinx or top of the Wind-pipe are filled with some humour and grow soft or some chink thereof be shut by what means soever or if the tongue be cut about or maimed or the Muscles which move the Larinx Tongue or Throat are hurt or relaxed or knockâ— or wounded or any other way affected contrary to nature or lastly through desault of the wind-pipe if that be cut exulcerated or closed The same causes are if they are lesse Of the voice and speech diminished diminution of voice and speech is occasioned yet more frequently the cause remains in the tongue namely if the ligament be too long from one birth so that it extends to the extremity of the tongue or if after a childs birth it be wounded exulcerated swoolen or be affected with a Palsie on the other side The cause of depravation of voice and speech Of stammering and first of stuttering and stammering is principally a moist distemper of the instruments of voice and speaking and sometimes a dry also an ill framing of the Tongue and its Muscles a Tumor borne under it as also the fault of a swelling at the entrance into the Throat and want of the fore teeth Hoarsenesse ariseth from over much humidity of the outsides or the instruments for speech Of hoarsenesse whether that matter flow from the head or be cast out of the brest from loosenesse and inflammation of the Columella or a fleshy substance in the entrance into the throat as also from external and evident causes first from air violently straining the voice daily which causeth inequality of the Wind-pipe All the causes of the Cough are those which hinder the instruments of breathing whether they be internal Of a cough or external causes either by Idiopathy or by Symptothy stir up the Cough by Idiopathy an unequal distemper principally cold causeth the Cough which is the greatest enemy to the brest sometimes also distempers hot and dry moreover the roughnesse of the Wind-pipe which happens either through distemper or through biting humors flowing from the head or by Medicines or sharp drinks or obstruction by a humour thick or thin a pimple gravel worms a little hard swelling clod of blood By Sympathy the Cough is raised if the other parts which can draw the Organs of respiration into consent be affected namely the Midriff Liver Spleen Stomach which by reason of the common Tunicle they have vellicate the instruments of breathing or send vapors to them or presse the Midriffe by reason of some Tumor ot obstruction But the external causes are cold air dry cold water too much desire of drink cold medicines applied to the brest dust smoak sharp vapors soure aliment sharp things and whatsoever contrary to the order of nature slide into the wind-pipe straying or wandring in the gullet if it intercept the way or stop it or exasperate the Artery or any way molest the Wind-pipe Those things cause sneezing whatsoever doth stimulate the Nostâ—ils Of sneezing and the fore part of the Brain to excretion whether generated in the body as humours flowing from the Brain or those things which affect the Nostrils by communion with the interior skins by Sympathy which comes to passe when worms stick in the Guts or whether they happen from without as whatsoever sharp things are dâ—awn by the nose smells also and sharp vapours the splendor of the Sun and over much light Gaping Of yawning or Yawning is when â—alitious vapours stick in the Muscles appointed for chewing and moving the lower chop which nature endeavours by this motion to cast off but some times imagination is the cause thereof Stretching ariseth from such vapors as may be emitted through the Pores Of stretching which neverthelesse are not sharp but being store of them they cause trouble in the spaces of the Muscles of the whole body stirring up the expultive faculty to expel which the nature may discusse it useth such a motion of the Muscles by constriction of them Lastly Shaking fits and trembling Horror and Trembling which are Symptomes neer alike as also are vehemency and greatnesse of motion and so is the difference of the cause they are stirred up by something that offend in the circumference of the body suddenly vellicates the sensitive parts and stimulates them to expulsion which it strives to perform by a natural concussion But the causes which bring forth that twitching are either external and evident as whatsoever befalls the body or vellicates the sensitive parts or cause the sharp humours contained in the circumference of the body to be stirred and moved as a spark of sire cast on scalding water thrown upon a biting medicine applyed to an Ulcer piercing cold and such like for internal as humors or sharp vapors either
Congenite from its first beginning although the parents ware not troubled therewith and therefore all diseases communicated to man from his generation are not Hereditary They seek a knot in a bull-rush who think such recess from the naturall state and condition Whether a Congenite deformity he a disease ought not to be called a Disease but a sault and they conceive that not every defect and regression from the naturall state but those onely they think ought to be called diseases of defect which are defects of perfections which they once had But a Disease is not only a privation of perfection once had but to be had which agreeth to every one of the Species and as a man is said to be sound which hath that perfection in all the parts of the body which ought to be in mankinde so he may be said to be born sick to whom any of those perfections are wanting Eighthly Contagious Not contagious Common some diseases are Infectious which transfuse their seed and pullution into other bodies and affect them with the same disease Not Infectious are such as cannot infect others with their venom Ninethly some diseases are spread as when many diseases of divers kinds invade Some are common wherewith many are affected at the same time with the same disease These again are divided into Endemiall and Epidemicall Endemiall Endemiall are as it were native and genuine diseases which often frequent one place and afflict the inhabitants of one region by reason of their common and domestick cause such is the Scurvy to the inhabitants of the Baltick Seas Epidemicall are such as infect many from one cause Epidemical Diseases of the severll times of the year but not genuine to that people at the same time Tenthly in respect of the time of the year some are Vernall some Estivall some Autumnall and others Hibernall namely such as are agreeable to this or that season of the year In respect of the time of the day some are called Diurnall others Nocturnall In the Eleventh place some diseases are called great Great others small A great disease is said to be such either by its self or by accident A disease is said to be great by it self three wayes first How manifold in regard of dignity when it hurteth the organs and instruments that are most necessary for the preservation of life and in this sense Diseases of Intemperature amongst Diseases are of greatest dignity Next those Diseases of solution of continuity next to them diseases of composition 2. By it self a disease is said to be great in respect of its going back from its naturall state for by how much the more it recedes from that by so much is it the more venement 3. It is said to be great in respect of ill Manners as when an ill quallity is joyned with it By accident it is said to be great in respect of the best part which it possesseth in which regard a disease which otherwise was small is said to be great as a wound in the heart or in the brain which in musculous flesh were not dangerous 2. When it hurts the faculty that governs our body In the twelfth place from the manner a disease is benigne Benigne or maligne Benigne is when besides its own nature no grievous symptom is joyned Maligne Maligne is when it hath worse symptomes joyned with it then the nature of the disease affords of it self from some occult qualities Thirteenthly in respect of duration some diseases are short Short Long. some long which soon terminate or continue long before they come to amend Fourteenthly some are acute others not acute Acute Not acute and all acute diseases are short but all short diseases are not acute That a disease may be said to be acute t is requisite that it may not onely be terminated in a short time but may have some grievous symptoms joyned with it Which acute that may speedily not without danger end it in health or death For an acute disease is that which swiftly with violence and danger comes to its height Acute diseases are again distinguished into very acute How manifold simply acute and such as degenerate from acute The very acute terminate by the seventh day the simply acute end by the twentieth day such as degenerate from acute are extended beyond the twentieth even to the fourtieth day But all those diseases that are extended beyond the fourtieth day are Diurnall and Chronicall Fifteenthly Salutary Deadly in regard of the end some diseases are salutary which terminate with the health of the sick others mortall which destroy the sick and both either absolutely or secundum quid Simply and absolutely those are Salutary that terminate with the perfect health of the sick Mortall are such as kill the sick on the other side salutary and deadly may be such secundum quid when they terminate in health but not sound and perfect health Sixteenthly Continual some diseases are continuall which continually afflict and intermit not in the whole term of their duration Intermitting Intermissive Ordinate Inordinate are such as have certain periods and do sometimes intermit or cease between while Seventeenthly some are ordinate which afflict at certain times which the Greeks call at Periods as Tertian Quartan Feavers Inordinate are such as observe no certain periods CHAP. XII Of the Times of Diseases SUch as age is said to be in living creatures time is said to be in diseases The times of discases For as animals are first generated thence increased and come to their perfection and state and then waste and lastly dye so diseases have their beginnings encrease vigour afterwards they decline are lessened and at length vanish The times of diseases are two-fold Universal Universall and Particular Universall times are said to be such wherein the course of the whole disease is included for since there are diseases which have certain Intervals Particular and again new fits or certain extentions and remissions Particular times are limited by the end of the fit The Universall times are four Universal times how many Beginning Increase The beginning The augmentation The state and Declination The beginning is that time when the morbifique matter of the disease is yet crude and no signes of concoction appear The augmentation is when the symptomes become grievous and the signes of concoction begin to appear in such diseases as tend to recovery of the sick or contrary signs in those that are mortall The state is when the greatest contention is betwixt Height a disease and nature and when all the symptomes are most vehement The Declination is when a disease beginneth to abate Declination being conquer'd by nature But all diseases have not these four times but such as tend to health onely in deadly diseases the sick nature being overcome may dye either in the beginning increase or state for such come not to