the other at the endes the former was thought not habitable by reason of the extremity of heat because the Sunne-beames there fall perpendicularly and so make a greater reflection The other for extremity of cold by reason of the obliquity of the Sunne-beames causing little or no reflection whence a second cause seemes to be drawne from the extreame drought of those places which seemes most opposite to mans temper requiring a reasonable degree of moisture But notwithstanding these reasons of the ancients it must needes bee confessed as an vndoubted truth confirmed by experience of many Nâ—uigatours that those Regions by them imagined vnfit for habitation are not onely habitable but in many places very populous Neither want there many reasons found out by latter writers to mitigate the rigour of this opinion some whereof wee haue already touched in our former treatise First whereas they vrge the places vnder the Equinoctiall to bee vnhabitable by reason of intemperate heat wee may easily answer that the dayes and nights are then alwayes equall containing not aboue 12 houres so that the space of either being shorter the cold of the night may well asswage the extreame heat of the day Another reason is ordinarily taken from the extraordinarily high mountaines commonly placed vnder the Equinoctiall which approaching neerer the middle Region of the aire must of necessity partake some what more of cold which dayly experience can witnesse in that their top â— are couered with snow euen in the depth of Summer Thirdly the neerenesse of the maine Ocean to a great part of this Region is a great cause of this cold temper because water is found to bee by nature cold Fourthly the set and certaine windes by nature ordained to blow in the hottest times of the yeere may adde much to temperature Fiftly the extraordinary Raines and showers which those places suffer which are vnder the Line especially when the Sunne is verticall are a great cause of the asswaging of the heat of the Sunne Lastly the custome of the Inhabitants being from their cradles inured to no other quality or disposition of the ayre will take away much from our admiration On the other side no small reasons may bee shewed why the Regions lying neere or vnder the Pole should not bee so extreamely cold but that they may admit of habitation First because the Sunne being for six moneths together aboue their Horizon must needs impresse into the Ayre more heat then otherwise it would doe Besides the thicknesse incorporated as it were with heat must needs receaue into it more degrees of it then a thinner and more refined ayre because the intention of the quality most commonly supposeth the condensation or thickning of the subiect wherein it is But no greater reason can bee shewed in this point then the custome of the Northerne inhabitants exposed from their infancy to no other temperament If wee should aske a reason why wee vnmaske our faces against the encounter of the greatest cold being a soft and tender part not daring to vncouer our other parts what reason can a man inuent but custome If any should aske why barbarous people liuing in farre colder climates then this of ours goe altogether naked whereas the cold is mother of many diseases amongst vs who goe alwayes clothed onely vse and custome can yeeld an answer These reasons make it probable enough that no place of the whole world is by nature made not habitable Now that it is not only inhabitable by nature but also for the most part truly inhabited will appeare as easily if wee trust the testimony of Nauigatours which haue discouered few or no Regions wanting some â—nhabitants But that this proposition may bee more distinctly vnderstood wee must know that the whole world is diuided into Sea and Land for the Sea we may call it habitable in that large sense before mentioned to wit that on it euery where men in ships may breath and liue which is plaine out of experience of Nauigatours who haue sailed round about the Earth from East to West and haue entred farre towards the North and South where at least some times of the yeere or other they might finde the way passable For the land which is here principally vnderstood wee must note that it may bee considered two wayes either for euery little quillet or parcell of land contaned in the superficies of the Earth or else for a certaine Region of some indifferent greatnesse In the former sense it were too much to affirme euery part of the Earth to bee habitable for as much as many places as the toppes of the Alpes or the sands of Africa properly admit of no habitation yet in an improper and large sense they may be called habitable because on them a man may liue and breath for a certaine space of time But if by the parts of the land wee vnderstand some reasonable greatnesse no great doubt can bee made but that it is either already inhabited by mankinde or can at least admit of habitation as that which not only for a time affords a man life and breath but also some conuenient meanes of sustenance for no countrey hath euer beene found so indigent and barren of all vitall aides which is neither capeable of liuing creatures in the land fit for mans nourishment or that cannot draw Fishes from the Sea or if this should faile cannot afford Fruits or Herbage from the ground or in case all the rest were deficient cannot haue passage by Water to other Countries whence to relieue their necessities And no question but nature hath stored euery Countrey with some commodity or other which by trafficke may draw riches from other Regions as by instances may more particularly appeare hereafter when wee shall speake of particular Regions and their seuerall accidents 2 All places of the Earth haue suffered manifold alteration and change as well in Name as Nature I need not spend time to demonstrate this Assertion for that euery place of the Earth hath beene subiect to much mutation in the processe of time as well in Nature of the Soyle as of the Inhabitants a few obuious instances in each Countrey will easily certifie yet will it not seeme amisse I hope to shew the progresse manner and causes of this alteration which would giue no small satisfaction To discourse of all changes according to all times were a matter infinite Wee may referre all to two heads to wit the change of Names and the change of Nature Concerning the former that most Countreyes haue changed their first and originall names is most euident to such as consult the Maps and writings of our common Geographers for few or none will discouer vnto vs any Region by that name by which it was knowne in former times in so much as great controuersie and dispute hath growne about diuerse countreyes mentioned by ancient writers whereof the name should take its first originall but of this change we shall speake hereafter But if we
Geographer to obserue in those matters shall generally be comprised in this Theoreme 1 Woods in these dayes are not so frequent nor so great as in ancient times We cannot imagine otherwise then that the Earth soone vpon the flood bearing in her wombe the seeds of all vegetals being inwardly moistned and outwardly comforted with Heat should presently abound with plants of all sorts in so much as in a short time each thing propagating it selfe by communication of his own seeds the whole Earth was ouergrown as one forrest but afterwards as man began to spread and multiply on the face of the Earth these Woods and Thickets began to suffer chastisement vnder the hand of laborious husbandry For first to open a passage from one place vnto another and that some parcels of ground should as pastures bee diuided from Woody acres it was necessary that this great plenty of trees should suffer a decrease yet little had this beene noted in so vast a store had not the inuention of building of houses by little and little turned great forrests into Cities which for the most part owed not only their first originall but also their daily reparation to Trees and Timber but aboue all the greatest deuourer of Woods and Forrests is Fire an element fed and nourished almost of no other matter For to let passe the ordinary vse of fire in euery house and family which in so infinite a multitude of people in so many yeeres since the Flood must require an extraordinary proportion of wood and fuell how many Arts haue beene since inuented depending onely vpon this Element we will goe no farther then the Art of Liquefaction fining of gold and other mettals found out in the bowels of the Earth wherein the couetousnesse of men hath been as vnsatiâ—ble as the fire To this which wee haue said may probably be opposed two things first the power and inclination of euery Creature to multiply and propagate it selfe Secondly the industry of mankind in seconding that inclination Whence it may bee coniectured that great woods should by durance increase to a greater quantity for the former no man will deny but that plants and trees left to themselues will commonly propagate their kind neuerthelesse it cannot preuaile so much as the other which procure the decrease first because the Earth being dryer now then soone vpon the Flood cannot so much further the growth of vegetals as then it did Secondly because as wee haue said this growth in a populous Countrey cannot bee so great as the diminution since few or no houses can want so necessary an Element as fire To the second wee answer that mans industry hath done somewhat in plantation of groues and such like but how little is this in comparison of the huge and vast forrests in time by man wasted and consumed We shall read of Germany that in the time of Caesar it seemed a wilde Countrey hauing many great woods and forrests but few Cities but now the case being altered we shall find the Cities both in number and greatnes increased and the Woods diminished Two instances may suffice the one of the Forrest of Ardenna in Lutzemburg accompted in Caesars time 500 miles ouer now scarce 50. The other of Sylua Hyrcinia which heretofore if we beleeue Histories reached so far as a man could trauaile in 60 dayes but now is made the onely limit or bound diuiding Bohemia from the rest of Germany The like may bee obserued almost of euery other Countrey reduced to ciuility 2 Places moderatly situated towards the North or South Pole abound more in Woods then neere the Equatour This situation wee vnderstand to comprehend almost all the temperat Zone reaching either way so farre as 60 degrees or there about The demonstration of this Theoreme depends of these two foments of all plants Heat and Moisture both which concurre not only to the abundance and fertility but also to the greatnesse of all plants for it is most certaine that wheresoeuer these two vitall succours are wanting or deficient there must be a great scarcity of trees fruits herbage and such like This is the cause why the Regions far North neere about the Pole beyond 60 degrees haue not onely scarcity of trees but haue them such as are of a farre smaller quantity then other Regions lying more temperate For the internall and naturall heat is almost extinguished with the extremity of cold and the moisture as it were dried vp by the frosty disposition of the Region To this cause may wee ascribe that which Geographers haue deliuered concerning Island that for want of Timber they couer their houses with fish-bones digging out houses in the sides of Rockes and mountaines Moreouer that the meere defect of moisture may cause a scarcity of growth may bee proued by many places 1 because temperate Regions which are Mountainous and lying higher produce trees of small length Bodin testifies as a thing very remarkeable that hee hath obserued oakes in France not exceeding 3 or 4 feet But this is no great wonder with vs in England sith in the dry and barren plaines about Salisbury there are many examples not much different All which we can ascribe to no other cause then the want of moisture On the other side as great or greater a defect of heat moisture is found neere the Equatour by reason of the externall heat of the Sunne which in all plants and vegetalls not onely euaporates the moisture and by consequence causeth drowth but by the extraction of Internall heat leaueth a greater cold behind correspondent to that humour in a man which we call Melancholy and choler-adust But this extremity of heat causing this defect of internall heat moisture wee place not directly vnder the Equinoctiall because we haue shewed it to be more temperate but rather vnder the Tropicks which by experience are found scorched with great heat How subiect these places vnder the Tropickes are to this sterility we need goe no farther then Libia and Numidia to confirme Places by the report of trauailers indigent not onely of Woods and Trees but almost of all vitall succours Whereas the Woods Forrests dispersed almost in euery region of Europe and the more temperate parts of Asia are celebrated of all writers Yet whereas wee haue defined the chiefest places for the growth of Woods to be towards the North so farre as 60 degrees or there-abouts wee cannot warrant this as an absolute generall obseruation because some places lying very low and subiect to much moisture though situat more Southerly may enioy this proportion as we haue formerly shewed of trees neere the Riuer Hiarotis recorded by Strabo to haue their noone shadowes of 5 furlongs as also of certaine trees in America neere Riuo Negro wherein as Peter Martyr writes a King dwelt with all his family But these places howsoeuer situat towards the South are as Geographers deliuer vnto vs most times of the yeere ouerwhelmed with Water consisting all of marish
time or incertainty of tradition neglected and obliterated they fell backe into such wayes as their owne depraued nature dictated or the diuell malitiously suggested 2 By Discipline nations become moâ—e wise and politicke in the preseruations of states yet lesse stout and couragious As Discipline hath been the chiefe cause of the establishment of all states so hath it on the other side been occasion to soften and weaken the courage of many nations For it hath beene many times seene that such people who haue beene commended for wit haue yeelded to such who are of a ruder disposition as at this day the Greeks and Macedons to the Turkes the ancient Gaules to the French the Egyptians to the Persians the Chaldeans to the Saracens Hence some giue a reason why the French did inuade and runne ouer Italy without controle vnder Charles the 5 because the Italian Princes at that time were giuen to study and learning and it is obserued that the ancient courage of the Turke is much abated since the time that they grew more ciuill and more strictly imbraced discipline And this some thinke to haue giuen occasion to Alexander the great to conquer the Persian Monarchie the Persians hauing beene before reduced to ciuility and lost their hardnesse And we daily see by experience that no men are more desperate and aduenturous then those which are rude and barbarous wanting all good manners and education None more fearefull and many times more cowardlike then such as are most wise and politick an example of the former we haue in Aiax of the other in Vlisses wherevpon the wisest lâ—aders and commanders haue not been esteemed the most valiant A certaine English gentleman writing military obseruations affirmes the French nobility to bee more valorous and coragious then the English Because of the loosenesse of their discipline and the strictnesse of ours But I will neither grant him the one or the other neither can I auerre their courage to be greater or our discipline stricter If their valour bee more it must needs follow their wit is lesse out of this ground But how soeuer it be I am sure that Caesar and Tacitus giue the cause of the great stature and courage of the Germans to be their loosenesse and liberty which howbeit it bee not the sole cause it must needs bee a great helpe For wee plainely finde by experience that those countries which be most mountanous where is lesse discipline are found to produce men for the most part most warlicke Such as the Suitzers in Germany and Biscaynâ—s and Arragonians in Spainâ— Whence as some obserue such countries as are partly Mountanous partly plaine are seldome at quiet the one part willingly submitting themselues to gouernment the other affecting warre and rebellion Which hath been the cause of the troubles of Naples and in England before Henry the eight's time betwixt the Welsh and English Why discipline should in this sort mollifie and weaken the courage of men many causes may bee giuen The first and greatest is Religion then the which there is no greater curbe to the courage not meerely of it selfe but by accident Because Death being the greatest hazard of a souldier religion giues a more euident apprehension and sense of the immortality of the soule of man and sets before the eye of his vnderstanding as it were the images of Hell-paines and Caelestiall ioyes weighing in an aequall scale the danger of the one and the losse of the other Whereas ignorant people wanting all sense of religion lightly esteeme of either holding a temporall death the greatest danger Whence grew the vsuall Prouerbe amongst profane Ruffians that conscience makes cowards But this as I said is meerely accidentall For as much as nothing spurres on a true resolution more then a good conscience and a true touch of religion witnesse the holy Martyrs of the Church of all ages whose valour and constancy hath outgone all heathen presidents But because souldiers for the most part being a most dissolute kinde of people hauing either a false religion which can suggest no setled resolution or an ill conscience grounded vpon no assurance Religion must needs beget in them a more fearefull disposition Another cause may bee the seuerity of discipline which especially in the training vp of youth is mixed with a kind of slauery without which our yonger yeers are very vntractable to tast the bitter roots of knowledge This feare as it were stamped in our affections cannot but leaue behind it a continuall impression which cannot suddainly bee razed out Such as we find in vs of our masters and teachers whose friendship we rather imbrace then familiarity A third reason why discipline would weaken and mollifie a Nation may be the delight which men reape in Contemplatiue studies and morall or politicke duties whence followes a neglect of the other For people of knowledge must needs finde a greater felicity in giftes of the minde which is vsually seconded with a contempt of externall and military affaires The last cause may bee the want of vse and practise of military affaires in most common-wealths for many states well established continue a long time without warres neither molesting their neighbours nor dissenting amongst themselues except very seldome and that by a small army without troubling the whole state whence the generall practise being lesse knowne becomes more fearefull Notwithstanding all this it were brutish to imagine discipline any way vnnecessary or hurtfull either to a Captaine or Statesman For as much as it more strengthens the wit then abates the courage of a nation Neither is it properly said to breake and weaken but rather to temper and regulate our spirits For it is not valour but rather rashnesse or fiercenesse which is not managed with policy and discretion And although it hath sometimes beene attended with notable exploites as that of Alexander the great of the Gothes the ancient Gaules and many other Yet shall we obserue such conquests to bee of small continuance For what they atcheiued by strength they lost for want of policy So that it is well said by one that moderation is the mother of continuance to States and Kingdomes Thus haue we run ouer by Gods assistance the chiefe causes of diuersity of dispositions of Nations Wherein if any man will informe himselfe as hee should hee must compare one circumstance with another and make his iudgement not from a man but a nation and not censure any Nation out of one obseruation For practise in Art cannot alwayes come home to speculation So experience in this kinde will oftentimes crosse the most generall rules wee can imagine T is enough to iudge as wee finde and walke where the way is open If any man will desire more curiosity hee may spend more labour to lesse purpose Let euery man by beholding the nationall vices of other men praise Almighty God for his owne happinesse and by seeing their vertues learne to correct his owne vices So should our trauaile in this Terrestriall Globe bee our direct way to Heauen And that eternall guide should conduct vs which can neuer erre To whom be ascribed all Glory Prayse and Power for euermore Deo triuni Laus in aeternum FINIS Ptolom geogr l. 1. sec. 1. Seneca in Medeâ Act. 2. De gen cor 〈◊〉 de caelo cap. 4. L. de Sphaer Lib. 1 geog cap. 4. Lib. 2. c. 72. Lib. 1. De Mundi fabr part 3. cap. 2. Psal. 104. Fundauit Terram super bases suas ne dimoueatur in saeculum vers 5. Ptol. dict 1. cap. 5. Alph. 6. diff 6. Prop. 11. lib. 1. * Pag. 149. R. Ld. D. 1 Meteor Lib. 4. Sr Walter Rawleigh
The Motiue is that by which all magneticall bodies are inclined and stirred vp to the motion In the Reasonable soule of a man wee haue two faculties which shew themselues a motiue and a directiue or disponent power whereof the one stirres vp the motion the other regulates conformes and directs it The former is the Will the later the Discourse and Iudgement This distinction of faculties howsoeuer more euident in the soule findes place in all Naturall agents in which a Philosopher ought to distinguish betwixt that which giues them a power to moue and that which limits determines and as the Schoolemen are wont to speake modificates the action Amongst others the magnet-stone seemes most to partake of these two powers as that which amongst all naturall agents in Gilberts opinion seemes most to haue resemblance with the soule of a man so that by an apt Trope it hath been called of many the Magneticall soule of the Earth for hence wee may well perceiue one vertue or inclination which â—â—useth the magneticall needle to moue out of its place another by which it is apt to conforme it selfe North and South as also to obserue certaine angles correspondent to the latitude of the place as shall bee demonstrated in due place Of the motiue power we will produce these Theoremes 1 The Magneticall motion is excited in a small vnperceiuable difference of time This proposition may be shewed out of euident experiment wherein euery mans sight may be a witnes For if an Iron-needle touched with the Loadstone be placed within the Spheare of the magneticall vertue of the stone it will presently moue it selfe notwithstanding the interposition of solide bodies which made Gilbert to imagine this motion to bee effected by a meere spirituall and immateriall effluxe which may well be compared to the light which neuerthelesse it surpasseth in subtility for the light is moued from East to West so quickly that many haue thought this motion to haue been in a moment or instant of time But this quicknes of motion may much more be imagined in the Magneticall vertue being of a more subtile and piercing nature as may bee gathered from this reason to wit That the light is alwayes hindered by the interposition of a thicke and opacous body but the vertue Magneticall findes a passage through all solide bodies whatsoeuer and meets with no impediment 2 This Motiue quality is Spherically spread through euery part of the Magneticall body Here againe may wee finde a great resemblance betwixt the magneticall vertue and the light for as all light Bodies as the Sunne Moone and Starres cast their beames euery way into an orbicular forme so this Magneticall vigour casts it selfe abroad not only from the center toward the superficies but from the superficies outward into the Aire or Water where this magneticall body is placed and so makes vp a Spheare but yet with this difference that if the body bee meere and perfectly Sphericall the Orbe of the magneticall vertue will end in a perfect Spheare as wee see the magnet G to confine his vertue within the Circle BF But if it be a square or any other figure not Sphericall it imitates a Spheare as neere as the body will suffer in that it spreades it selfe euery-where from the center by right lines yet will it be confined in a square figure correspondent to the body whence it proceeds as we see the vertue of the square magnet A to cast his beames into the square figure LD 3 The motiue quality of the Magneticall body is strongest of all in the Poles in other parts by so much the stronger by how much these parts are situated neere the Poles Wee suppose out of the principles of Magneticall Philosophie that a Magnet hath two Poles whose vse wee shall shew hereafter These Poles are found by experiment to haue more force and vigour in them then other parts and all other parts to enioy more or lesse force by how much neerer or farther off they are situated to their Poles The reason is ascribed by these Writers to the disposition of the Magneticall vigour in the body of the Load stone as shall appeare by this figure following in Gilbert expressing the great Magneticall Body of the earth Let the Sphericall superficies of it bee HQE the Pole E the Center M HQ the plaine of the Equinoctiall from euery point of this Equinoctiall plaine the vigour Magneticall is conueyed and extended to CFNE and to euery point from C to E the Pole but not towards the point B so neither from G towardâ— C. The vigour is not strengthned in the part FHG from that which is GMFE but FGH doth increase the vertue in H so that there can arise no vigor so far from the parallels to the Axel tree aboue the said parallels but internally from the parallels to the Pole So wee see that from euery point of the Equinoctiall plaine the force is deriued to the Pole E. But the point F hath only the vigour from GH and the point N from OH but the Pole E is corroborated and strengthened from the whole plaine of the Equinoctiall HQ Wherefore the vigour magneticall in this Pole is most eminent and remarkable but in the middle spaces as for example in F the magneticall quality is so far strengthened as the portion of the Equinoctiall plaine H can giue But Dr Ridley in his late Magneticall Treatise in the 6. Chapt. seemes to oppose this Demonstration For although hee acknowledgeth that the vigour is strongest of all in the Poles yet saith hee if tryall bee made what the Pole will take perpendicularly and also what the parts aboue 34 degrees will lift vp it will appeare to bee halfe asmuch perpendicularly so that the Pole doth not take vp as much as this and the other part doth on the other side But the decision of these differences I leaue to such as are more experimentall then my selfe being destitute of those helpes and instruments which they enioy 4 It behoues vs in the second place to speake of the Disponent vigour of Magneticall bodies The Disponent force we call that facultie by which magneticall Bodies are disposed or directed to a certaine site or position 1 Magneticall bodies moue not vncertainly but haue their motions directed and conformed to certaine bounds This Proposition is confirmed by manifold experiments For magneticall bodies are neuer found to moue vncertainly and at all adventures but conforme themselues to certaine Poles and make certaine angles proportionall to the latitude as we shall shew hereafter in particular The reason of which experiment wee can draw from no other cause then the first institution of Nature in all Naturall agents which wee would haue directed to certaine ends that nothing in her Common-wealth might seeme idle or vnnecessary wherefore shee giues all agents not only a power to worke their ends but also shewes them the way squares and regulates the meanes which direct vnto the end No-where is this
directiue power more remarkable then in magneticall bodies especially in their Direction and Variation motions treated of hereafter in place conuenient to which for a further confirmation of the Theoreme wee referre the Reader 9 The Radicall facultie of the magneticall body being somewhat spoken of aswell in their motiue as disponent vertues Wee are in the next place to speake of the deriued motions which arise out of these faculties 6 These motions magneticall are either partiall or totall The partiall wee call that by which the parts of the Earth are magnetically moued and conformed as well one to the other as to the whole terrestriall globe 7 The magneticall partiall motions are Coition Direction Variation and Declination Magneticall Coition is that motion by which magneticall bodies are ioyned and apply themselues one to the other For the knowledge of this magneticall motion we need goe no farther then the Iron and Steele which wee shall obserue to moue unto the Load-stone and cleaue vnto it if so be it bee placed within the Spheare of his vertue This motion is commonly called Attraction but improperly as is obserued by D. Gilbert 1 Because Attraction seemes to suppose an externall force or violence by which one thing is carryed and moued vnto another but the Coition is meerely naturall as proceeding from the internall forme of both the bodies 2 Attraction supposeth the force of mouing to bee onely in the one party and the other to bee meerely passiue and not actiuely concurring to this motion whereas in the magneticall coition both parts are mutually inclined by nature to meet and ioyne themselues one to the other Not that the force of motion in both parts is alwayes equall because one magneticall body is greater and stronger then the other and then the one part seemes to stand still and draw the other vnto it although there bee in this part so resting an inclination to the other which mutuall inclination of coniunction in magnets we may easily see in two magnets of equall quantity and vertue which being set at a conuenient distance will so moue that they will meet in the mid-way Some haue gone about to parallel this Attractiue force of the Load-stone with the Attractiue force of Ieat or Amber which wee see by a naturall vertue to draw vnto it selfe little strawes and other such like matter But hee that truely vnderstands the nature of a magneticall body shall finde a great disparity First because the Ieat or Amber which are comprised vnder the name of Electricall bodies drawes vnto it by reason of his Matter whereas otherwise the cause of the Magneticall Coition is to bee sought in the forme as being too subtile a thing to spring from a materiall substance Secondly Electricall bodies draw and attract not without rubbing and stirring vp of the matter first and presently faile if any vapour or thicke body should be interposed But in a magneticall motion wee find no such matter because it requires no such preparation or rubbing of the stone nor is hindred by interposition of solid bodies as wee proue in this place Thirdly the Load-stone moues and prouokes to motion nothing els but other magneticall bodies but the Electricall will draw any little thing as straw haire dust and such like Fourthly the Magnet will lift a great waight according to his vertue and quantity but Ieat the smallest and lightest things Lastly the Electricall bodies as Gilbert well confirmes by experiments draw other bodies vnto them by reason of a moist effluence of vapours which hath a quality of ioyning bodies together as wee see by the example of two stickes in water at a certaine distance which will commonly moue till they meet together But the magneticall coition cannot bee other then an act of the magneticall forme Of the cause of it many Philosophers haue freely spent their vncertaine coniectures rather out of a feare to bee esteemed ignorant then of confidence to be accounted learned Most run vpon the forme of the mixt body which growes from the composition of the foure Elements but this opinion is very feeble and cannot goe without crouches for sith all mixt formes grow out of the temperament and disposition they adde nothing to the thing compounded but diuersly modificate what was before in the simple Elements it cannot bee imagined how such an affection as this should bee onely found in the magnet and no other mixt body Indeed we ascribe this affection to the forme as the immediate cause but by this forme we vnderstand not the forme of the mixture resulting out of the mixture and temperature of the foure qualities but the magneticall forme of all globous bodies such as are the Sunne Moone Starres and this Terrestriall Spheare whereon we liue whose natures receiued the stampe in the first creation for the preseruation of this integrity Hee that shall seeke for the originall of all formes of this kinde in the mixture and constitution of the foure Elements shall labour much and finde little and neither at last be able to content himselfe or instruct others except wee suppose a man sufficiently taught when hee heares ordinary matters expressed in exoticke and artificiall tearmes For my owne part I content my selfe with a rule of Biel the Schooleman That when an immediate effect proceeds from an immediate cause wee ought not to search farther why such a cause should produce such an effect Euey man being demanded why the fire is hot is ready to flye to the forme of fire and alleage this as the cause but should hee inquire further why the forme of fire should bee the cause of heat hee might perhaps puzzell a whole Academie of Philosophers and neuer proue himselfe the wiser For the further illustration of this motion these Theoremes will seeme necessary 1 The Magnet communicates his vertue to iron or steele if it be touched with it Experience teacheth that any iron-instrument touched with the Load-stone receiues instantly the same vertue Attractiue But the manner how this vertue should bee communicated on so sleight a touch hath been controuerted The common Philosophers haue imagined that certaine little parts of the Loadstone are separated from it in the touch which cleauing to the iron or steele cause this Attraction But that this vertue cannot be communicated by any corporall processe or any such little parts cleauing to the iron is not so easie to imagine for first it seemes impossible that with a bare touch these parts should bee separated from the magnet or at least should bee so fast linked to the iron Secondly these parts being so little and insensible cannot haue so much vigour as wee see an Iron will haue at the touch of the Load-stone Thirdly the Loadstone can worke vpon the iron notwithstanding any body interposed which is an euident signe that the iron it selfe is of a magneticall temper Wherefore to shew a reason of this effect we say That Iron is a mettall excocted out of the Load-stone which albeit it
South-part be diminished The reason is because the Magnet hauing eminently in it the circles which are in the Earth is separated or diuided by a middle line or Aequator from which middle space the vertues are conueyed toward either Pole as we haue before shewed Now any part being taken away from the North or South part this Aequator or middle line is remoued from his former place into the midst of the portion which is left and so consequently both parts are lesse then before For although these two ends seeme opposite yet is one comforted and increased by the other 9 Of the motions of Coition and Direction wee haue handled It followes that we speake of the motions of the second order to wit Variation and Declination 10 Variation is the deuiation or turning aside of the directory Magneticall needle from the true point of North or the true Meridian towards East or West In the discourse immediatly going before hauing treated of the magneticall body wee haue imagined it to bee true and pointing out the true North and South points of the Terrestriall Globe which certainely would bee so if the substance of the Earthly Globe were in all parts and places alike equally partaking the Magneticall vertue as some round Load-stone neither should wee find any variation or deuiation at all from the true Meridian of the Earth But because the Terrestriall Globe is found by Nauigatours to bee vnequally mixed with many materialls which differ from the magneticall substance as furnished with rockie hills or large valleyes continents Ilands some places adorned with store of iron Mimes rocks of Load-stone some altogether naked and destitute of these implements it must needs fall out that the magneticall needle and compasse directed and conformed by the Magneticall nature of the Eâ—rth cannot alwayes set themselues vpon the true Meridian that passeth right along to the Poles of the Terrestriall Globe but is forced and diuerted toward some eminent and vigorous magneticall part whereby the Meridian pointed out by the magnet must needes varie and decline from the true Meridian of the Earth certaine parts or degrees in the Horizontall circle which diuersion wee call the Variation of the compasse so thaâ— variation so far as it is obserued by the compasse is defined to bee an Arch of the Horizon intercepted betwixt the common intersection with the true Meridian and his deuiation This effect proceeding from the Inequality of magneticall vertue scattered in the Earth some haue ascribed to certaine Rockes or mountaines of Loadstone distant some degrees from the true Pole of the World which rockes they haue termed the Pole of the Loadstone as that whereunto the magnet should dispose and conforme it selfe which conceite long agoe inuented was afterward inlarged and trimmed ouer by Fracastorius But this opinion is a meere coniecture without ground for what Nauigatours could hee euer produce that were eye-witnesses of this mysterie or how can he induce any iudicious man to beleeue that which himselfe nor any to his knowledge euer saw The relation that the Frier of Noruegia makes of the Frier of Oxfords discouery recorded by Iames Cnoien in the booke of his Trauels where he speaks of these matters is commonly reiected as fabulous and ridiculous for had there beene any such matter it is likely he would haue left some monuments of it in the records of his owne Vniuersity rather then to haue communicated it to a friend as farre off as Noruegia Moreouer the disproportion in the degrees of variation in places of equall distance will easily correct this errour as we shall shew in due place More vaine and friuolous are all the opinions of others concerning this magneticall variation as that of Cortesius of a certaine motiue vertue or power without the Heauen that of Marsilius Ficiâ—us of a starre in the Beare that of Petrus Peregrinus of the Pole of the world that of Cardan of the rising of a starre in the taile of the Beare that of Bestardus Gallus of the Pole of the Zodiacke that of Liuius Sanutus of a certaine magneticall Meridian of Francis Maurolycus of a magneticall Iland of Scaliger of the heâ—uen and mountaines of Robert Norman of a respectiue point or place All which Writers seeking the cause of this variation haue found it no further off then their owne fancies More probable by farre and consonant to experience shall wee finde their opinion which would haue the cause of this variation be in the Inequality of the magneticall Eminencies scattered in the Earth This Inequality may bee perceiued to bee twofold 1 in that some parts of the Earth haue the magneticall minerals more then other parts for as much as the Superficies of some parts is solid Earth as in great Continents 2 Because although the whole Globe of the Earth is supposed to be magneticall especially in the Internall and profound parts yet the magneticall vertue belonging to those parts is not alwayes so vigorous and eminent as in some other parts as wee see one Load-stone to be stronger or weaker then another in vertue and power but of those two the former is more remarkable which may bee shewed by experience of such as haue sailed along many seacoa-stes for if a sea-iourney bee made from the shore of Guinea by Cape Verde by the Canarie Ilands the bounds of the Kingdome of Morocco from thence by the confines of Spaine France England Belgia Germany Denmarke Noruegia we shall find toward the East great and ample Continents but contrarywise in the West a huge vast Ocean which is a reason that the magneticall needle will vary from the true point of the North and inclines rather to the East because it is more probable that these Continents and Lands should partake more of this magneticall minerall then the parts couered with the Sea in which these magneticall bodies may bee scarcer or at the least deeper buried and not so forceable On the contrary part if wee saile by the American coasts we shall rather find the variation to be Westward as for example if a voyage be made from the confines of Terra Florida by Virginia Norumbega and so Northward because the land butteth on the West but in the middle spaces neere the Canary Ilands the directory needle respects the true Poles of the Terrestriall Globe or at least shewes very little variation Not for the agreement of the Magneticall Meridian of that place with the true by reason of the Rocke of Load-stone as some haue imagined because in the same Meridian passing by Brasile it fals out farre otherwise but rather because of the Terrestriall Continents on both sides which almost diuide the Magneticall vigour so that the Magneticall needle is not forced one way more then another the manner whereof wee shall finde in D. Gilbert expressed in an apt figure to whom for further satisfaction I referre the Reader 1 The Magneticall variation hath no certaine Poles in the Terrestriall Globe It is but a common
caused commonly two wayes either by contagion naturally incident to diuerse places or by hostile Inuasion and deuastation of this latter arise two maine effects The first is the want and scarcity of Inhabitants which should dresse and manure the ground to make it more fruitfull and accommodate to mans vse The second is their pouerty and captiuity whereof the one makes them vnable the second vnwilling to effect any great matter for the benefit of the Land A good instance whereof wee may finde in the land of Palestine which in times past by God himselfe was called A land flowing with milke and hony for the admirable pleasantnesse and fertility of the Soile yet at this day if wee will credit trauellers report a most barren Region deuoid almost of all good commodity fit for the vse of man in the ruines of which sometimes famous kingdome euery bleere-eyed iudgement may easily read Gods curse long since denounced Which strange alteration next vnto Gods anger wee can ascribe to no other cause then the hostile inuasion of forraine enemies which hath almost lâ—ft the land waste without the natiue Inhabitants whence it could not chuse in a short time but degenerate from the ancient fruitfulnesse The like may we finde in all those miserable Regions which groane at this day vnder the tyranny of the vsurping Turke whence a prouerbe runnes currant amongst them That where the Turkes horse hath once grazed no grasse will euer aftâ—r grow which signifies no other then the barbarous manner of the Turkes hauing once conquered a land to lay it open euer after to deuastation for being for the most part warlike men trained vp in martiall discipline they little or nothing at all regard the vse of husbandry whence in short time a Countrey must needs â—urne wild and vnfruitfull To these causes we may adde the influence of heauenly constellations which being varied according to the times produce no small effects in the changes and alterations of the earth The diuerse alteration in the disposition of the Inhabitants which was our second point we haue referâ—â—ed to another place neere the end of this tract to which is properly appertaines 3 Plâ—ces hauing long continued without habitation are seldome so healthy and fit for dwelling as those which haue beene inhabited This Proposition I haue knowne to bee warranted by the Testimonie of many experienced Nauigators in so much as I presume few men can doubt of the truth of it who hath either beene a Traualler himselfe into farre Countreyes or at least hath read other mens discoueries The onely matter therefore wee here intend is to produce certaine causes of this effect to giue satisfaction to such as make a distinction betwixt the knowledge of the effect and inquiry of the cause The first cause which I can alleage is the industrie of mankinde inhabiting any Countrey mentioned in the former Theoreme out of which ariseth a twofold effect 1 The improuing of the Soyle by remouing all such impediments as otherwise would proue noysome to mankinde for whereas all things growing of their owne accord are suffered to rot into the ground in like manner what other can wee expect but Fennes Fogges and noisome vapours altogether hurtfull to the welfare and life of man 2 The profit of mans industrie is no lesse apparent in manuring the ground and opening the vpper face of the Earth which being composed of diuerse substances sendeth forth many times certaine hot fumes and vapours which in many cold Countreyes mollify the vsuall rigour of the Aire which most offends the Inhabitants This reason is giuen by my Countrey-man Captaine Whitborne for the extreame cold which some men professe themselues to haue tried in New-found-land which neuerthelesse according to many mens description is knowne to lye farre more South then England for the natiues of the Countrey being for the most part driuen into the North part by the Europeans who vsually trade there for fish and they themselues liuing altogether on Fish from the Sea or some wild beasts on the land as Beares Deare and such like without any manuring of the ground for herbage The Soyle by them is in a manner left altogether vnmanured so that neither the soyle can bee well cleansed from noisome vapours arising from the putrefaction of herbage rotting as I said into the ground or left free to send out such wholsome fumes and vapours from its interiour parts which may warme the Ayre and preserue mankind 3 A third reason drawne from mens Industries that those Countreyes which haue inioyed Inhabitants by the continuall vse of Fires haue their Aire more purged and refined from drossie and noisome vapours which vsually arise out of a contagious soyle daily infected by putrefaction for scarce any nation hath beene knowne so barbarous and ignorant which hath not the inuention and vse of Fire neither is any infection of the aire so pestilent and opposite to humane constitution which the breath of fire will not in some sort dispell If any man obiect the distance of houses and villages wherein fire is vsed which seeme to claime a small interest in the change of the ayre hanging ouer a whole Countrey let him well consider the quicknesse of motion and fluidity of the Ayre passing as it were in a moment from one place to the other and hee may soone answer his owne obiection All those reasons hitherto mentioned an inhabited Region owes to mans industrie which wee generally touched in the precedent Theoreme The second cause which is as a consequent of habitation is the necessity of breathing of people liuing in any Region of the earth whereby may follow two effects 1 A certaine measure of heat impressed into the aire as wee see in any roome in a great throng of people by reason of their breathing together in one place 2 The assimilation of the Aire to humane bodies by a continuall respiration These alterations of the aire might perhaps to common apprehensions seeme small and insensible But hee that considers how great a quantity of aire is requisite for a mans respiration and the space and extent of motion together with the multitude of Inhabitants in a populous Countrey would hold it no strange matter that the breathing of men should breed such an alteration of the aire wee finde by experience that strong built houses being left tenantlesse will soone fall into decay not so much for want of reparation as the foggy vapours and moisture caused by want of Respiration The like whereof in some proportion may we imagine to be in a region wanting Inhabitants and depriued of this benefit of nature CHAP. II. Of the Generall Adiuncts of Places 1 IN a place Topographically taken two things are to bee considered 1. The Adiuncts 2 The Description The Adiuncts are such proprieties as agree to speciall places 2 Such Adiuncts agree to a place either in respect of the Earth it selfe or in respect of the Heauens Those which agree to a place in respect of
holy Scripture and it is not vnlikely â—hat many of those 〈◊〉 people fetcht their first originall from them The second cause may bee drawne from the Industrie and labour of the inhabitants in tillage and manuring of the ground wherein the Soâ—â—herne inhabitant hath beene more deficiâ—nt Foâ— it is certaine out of the holy Scripture that Noahs Arke wherâ—in was thâ— Seminary of mankinde and almost all other liuâ—â—g 〈◊〉 rested in â—he Northerne part of the world whence both man and beasts beganne to be propagated toward the Southâ—punc no farther then necessity enforced the Regions inhabited gâ—â—wing daily more and more populous and as iâ— were groaning to bee deliuered oâ— some of her children Hence may bee inferred â—wo consecâ—aries First that the Northerne Hemispheare was 〈◊〉 sooner and is now therefore â—ore populous then the Southerne Secondly that the chiefest and principall men which were best seated rathâ—r chose to keepe their ancient habitation sending such abroad who could either bee best spared or had the smallest possessions at home Yet notwithstanding it cannot be imagined but they retained with them a sufficient company and more then went away Out of which it must needs be granted that the Northerne halfe of the Earth being best inhabited should be best manured and cultured from whence the ground must in time proue more fruitfull and commodious for habitation for as a fruitfull Countrey for want of the due manuring and tillage doth degenerate and waxe barren so diuerse barren and sterill Countreyes haue by the industrie of the Inhabitants beene brought to fertilitie and made capable of many good commodities necessary for mans life If I were curious to draw arguments from the nature of the Heauens I could alleage the Greatnesse and Multitude of Starres of the greater magnitude in our Northerne Hemispheare wherein the Southerne is deficient as also the longer soiourning of the Sun in our Northerne Hemispheare but these as vncertaine causes I passe ouer Other reasons may perchance bee found out by those who are inquisitiue into the secrets of nature to whom I leaue the more exact search of these matters 4 Either Hemispheare consisting of 90 Degrees may be diuided into three parts each of them containing 30 Degrees 5 Of these parts 30 we allot for Heat 30 for Cold and 30 for Temperature whereof the former lyeth towards the Equatour the second towards the Pole the third betwixt both The ancient Cosmographers as wee haue shewed in our former Treatise diuided the whole Globe of the Earth into fiue Zones which they supposed had also proportionally diuided the Temper and disposition of the Earth In such sort that according to the Degrees of Latitude the Heat and Cold should in rease or diminish Which rule of theirs had beene very certaine were there no other causes concurrent in the disposition of the Earth and Ayre but onely the Heauens But sithence that many other concurrent causes as we haue shewed mixe themselues with these celestiall operations and the experiment of Nauigatours haue found out a disproportion in the quality in respect of the Distance some later writers haue sought out a new pertition more consonant to naturall experience The whole Latitude of the Hemispheare consisting of 90 Degrees from the Equatour to the Pole they haue diuided into three parts allowing 30 Degrees toward the Equatour to Heat 30 Degrees towards the Pole to Cold and the other 30 Degrees lying betwixt both to Temperature These 30 Degrees for Imagination sake they haue subdiuided againe each of them into two parts contayning 15 Degrees a peece more particularly to designe out the speciall disposition of each Region lying either Northward or Southward from the Equatour which is the bound betwixt both Hemispheares In the first section of 30 Degrees lying Northward from the Equatour wee comprehend in Africke Numidia Nigritarum Regio Lybia Guinia Nubia Egypt Ethiopia superior In Asia Arabia India Insulae Philippinae In America Noua Hispania Hispaniola Cuba with other parts of America Mexicana In the other extreame section from 60 Degrees of Latitude to the Pole wee comprehend in Europe Groenland Island Friesland Norwey Suethland for the most part Noua Zembla In Asia a great part of Scythia Orientalis In America Anian Quivira with diuerse other parts of the North of America Mexicana In the middle betwixt both betwixt 30 and 60 Degrees of Latitude wee comprehend in Africa Barbarie in Europe all the kingdomes except those North Prouinces before named and almost all Asia except some places toward the South as Arabia India and the Philippinae Insulae formerly placed in the first Section In like manner may we diuide the Southerne Hemispheare into three Sections In the first from the Equatour 30 Degrees we place in Africke Congo Monomotapa Madagascar In the Southerne Tract Beach and Noua Guinia with many Ilands thereunto adioyning as many of the Philippinae Insulae with Insulae Solomonis In America Peru Tisnada Brasilia with the most part of that Region which they call America Peruana In the other extreame Section from 60 Degrees to the Antarctike Pole is couched the most part of that great land scarce yet discouered called Terra Australis Incognita In the middle Region betwixt both from 30 to 60 Degrees shall wee finde placed in America the Region of the Pantagones in the Southerne Continent Maletur Iauaminor with many others In discouering the qualities of these seuerall Sections or partitions of the earth our chiefest discourse must be addressed to the Northerne Hemispheare as that is more discouered and knowne amongst old and new writers by which according to the former Proposition one may parallell the other concerning which wee will inferre these Propositions 1 In the first Section of the Hemispheare the first 15 Degrees from the Equatour are found somewhat Temperate the other 15 about the Tropicks exceeding Hot. That the Region lying vnder the Equatour is Temperately hot contrary to the opinion almost of all the Ancients hath beene in part proued heretofore as well by reason as experiment for that all places by how much the neerer they approach the Equatour by so much more should bee hotter as some imagine diuerse instances will contradict It is reported by Aluarez that the Abyssine Embassadour arriuing at Lisbone in Portugall was there almost choaked with extreame heat Also Pâ—rguer the Germane relates that hee hath felt the weather more hot about Dantzicke and the Balticke Sea then at Tholouse in a â—eruent Summer The causes which wee haue before touched are chiefly two The first is that the Sun is higher in this orbe in respect of those vnder the Equatour and moueth more swiftly from them spending on them onely twelue houres whence so great an impression of heat cannot bee made as in other places for heat being a materiall quality must necessarily require some Latitude of time to bee imprest into the ayre or any other subiect From the Diminution of heat in the Region must the ayre needs receaue into
hath a two-fold Motion The first is common to all heauy Bodyes as well as the Earth in which is an inclination to come as neere as they can to the Center of the Earth whereof wee haue spoken in our former booke The second is that which more properly agrees to the Sea which is againe twofold either the Naturall or the Violent The Naturall howsoeuer requiâ—ing perhaps the concurrence of some externall cause is notwithstanding so called for as much as it chiefly seemes to proceede from the Disposition of the Sea-water The Violent is caused meerely by the violence of the winds mouing the Ocean The Naturall motion we haue againe diuided into generall or speciall because the Affluxe and Refluxe of the Sea whereof we are to treat is generall throughout the whole Ocean some petty creekes perchance excepted whereas the Currents which is the second kinde of motion are more speciall as agreeing not to all or most parts as it seemes but to some one or other speciall place as we shall shew 1 The Sea twice euery day ebbes and flowes The flowing and ebbing of the Sea howsoeuer it cannot be precisely obserued in all Seas yet because few places of the maine Ocean are exempted from it deserues the first chiefest consideration That such a motion there is experience shewes but the searching out of the cause is for ought I can obserue one of the greatest difficulties in all Naturall Philosophie in so much as Aristotle one of the acutest Philosophers is reported to haue stood amazed at the flowing and ebbing of Euripus and despairing of finding out the cause at length enforced to cast himselfe into the Riuer which had before confounded him Wherefore it may seeme sufficient for mee to trace their steps who haue waded far into the search of this cause hauing very little hope to goe further The first opinion was of the Stoickes who supposed the whole World to bee a great liuing creature composed of diuerse Elements which inioyes both breath and life This liuing creature they imagine to haue his nostrils placed in the maine Ocean where by drawing in and sending foorth breath the ebbing and flowing of the Sea is caused but this seemeth rather to bee a Poeticall fiction or Allegory then any conceit of a Philosopher Apollonius Tianaeus was of an opinion that certaine Spirits eithervnder or aboue the Water breathed into it this motion Timaeus taught the cause of this moisture to be the riuer breaking into the Ocean by the great mountaines Plato thought that it was made by the swallowing vp of the Sea into a gulfe or hole which being againe cast out was the cause of that motion in the Sea Seleuous the Mathematician which affirmed that the Earth was carried round with a perpetuall motion thought that the Moone was turned round with a motion contrary to the motion of the Eâ—rth and from this to proceed that motion of ebbing and flowing of the Sea whereof wee now treat What Aristotles opinion was concerning this matter is an vncertaine coniecture forasmuch as litle or nothing can bee gathered touching this point in controuersie out of any booke which is certainly knowne to be Aristotles for the tract of the propriety of Elements where the cause of this motion is ascribed to the Moone is iudged to be none of Aristotles but of some later Authour Yet Plutarch imposeth on Aristotle this opinion that this motion of the Sea should come from the Sun because by it are raised vp many windy exhalations which should cause the Sea to swell blowing into the great Atlantick Ocean But thisopinion is charged by Paâ—ricius of a threefold errour 1. That it should proceed from the Sun 2 From the wind 3 That it is only in the Atlantick Sea He saw saith Patricius that in the Atlantick which he could not in the Aegean Sea at home and neere Athens For 1 No wind blowes so regularly that for one six houres it should blow forward the other six houres backward for the wind oftentimes blowes many daies the same way without ceasing yet is their not one only flowing or one ebbing in the Sea 2. The Sunne stirres vp sometimes windes and sometimes stirres them not vp But of a perpetuall effect which is daily why would this Philosopher giue a cause meerely violent and not quotidian which notwithstanding would haue nothing violent to be perpetuall If the Sea bee somewhere moued naturally by other motions as the Euripus which is said to be his death wherefore will he deny this motion to be Naturall seeking out an externall cause of this effect But all this while our Platonick Philosopher seems to fight with shadowes for what iudicious man can imagine so iudicious and wise a Philosopher as Aristotle should so grossely ouershoot himselâ— to father this opinion I should much rather beleiue that no such opinion is to be found in Aristotle at least that it is indirectly related which I the rather beleiue because one Caesalpinus a late Writer aswell opposite to Aristotle as the other hath related Aristotles opinion otherwise to wit that the ebbing and flowing of the Sea is deriued from a double cause whereof the one is the multitude of Riuers bringing in a great force of waters into it whence it comes to passe that it flowes only towards one paâ—t which is the lower as it happens to the Mediterranean For the Egaean and Ponticke Sea with Maeotis flow into the Tyrrhene and not on the opposite side The other cause hee makes to bee the libration of the whole Sea for it is often turn'd from one side to the other which in so great a vastnes seemes but little but in straights narrow places much more So that Aristotle saith Caesalpinus would haue that to agree to the Sea which vsually happens to a paire of ballance which hauing receiued the beginning once of their motion are inclined sometimes this way sometimes that way by reason of the equality of the weight for if the weight of one should ouercome thewhole would incline thatway and would not riâ—e vpon the other side But against this opinion imposed on Aristotle Caesalpinus not without good reason excepts that the Superficies of the Water being Equidistant from the Center as is supposed by Geographers no reason may bee giuen why it should incline more to one side then another hauing once obtained his true place sith according to Aristotles owne grounds no violence câ—n be perpetâ—all To which I may adde another answer that no satisfactory reason can be alleadged why it should alwayes obserue so true and iust periods of time in its motion sith all Riuers are sometimes encreased and other times diminished according to the season of the yeere and variety of the weather wherefore the said Authour which impugnes this opinion hath framed another conceit grounded on the circular motion of the Earth which he explaineth in this sort It agrees â—o reason saith he that the Water should not altogether follow the motion
Thee Hast thou been honour'd by my sacred Breath 'Mongst rude Arcadians thus to beg a Death What greater glory can thy ashes haue Then in my flowry groues to dig thy graue Although the least among my learned sonnes Thy fortunes told thee that I lou'd thee once And so doe still although my haplesse Baies Taught thy despaire to spinne out carelesse dayes And to compose thy discontented Head To slumber softly on the Muses Bed Be rul'd by me my poore yet loued Son Trust not their smiles whose wrongs haue thee vndone Thy faire Hopes grounded on thy place of birth Will fly in Atomes or consume in Earth Before within that Hemispheare of thine Thy Deuons Sunne on thee shall euer shine Then trust vnto my bounty turne thy sight From thy darke Confines to my golden light All thy endowments owed to my wombe Returne them back and there erect thy tombe If no Mecenas crowne thee with his Rayes Teach thy content to sleepe out quiet dayes Let Contemplation with transpiercing eyes Mount thee a pitch beyond the starry skyes And there present thee that eternall glasse Wherein the greatnesse of this wondrous masse Shrinkes to an Aâ—ome where my Astrolube Shall shew thee starres beyond thy painted Globe Where thou aloft as from a mountaine steepe Shalt see the greatest men like Antes to creepe Thy dayes shall minister thee choicest Theames Which night shall render in delicious dreames And thy seuere Philosophy the whiles In amourous kinde shall courte thee with her smiles Or if thy nature with constraint descends Below her owne delight to practick endes Rise with my morning Phaebus slight the West Till furrowed Age inuite thee to rest And then perchance thy Earth which seldome gaue Thee Aire to breath will lend thy Corps a graue Soone the last trumpet will be heard to sound And of thy load Ease the Deâ—oâ—ian ground Meane time if any gentle swaine come by To view the marble where thy ashes ly He may vpon that stone in fewer yeeres Engraue an â—â—iâ—â—ph with fretâ—ing teares Then make mens frozen hearts with all his cries Drink in a drop from his distilling eyes Yet will I promise thy neglected bones A firmer monument then speachles stones And when I pinâ— with age and wits with rust Seraphick Angells shall dreserue thy dust And all good men acknowledge shall with me Thou lou'st thy Countrey when she hateth thee This strange reproofe of an indulgent mother I could not entertaine without passion In so much as without feare or wit I aduentured in this sort to answer her in her owne language Ad Matrem Academiam 〈…〉 haue my former yeeres So much 〈…〉 on thy hate or these my teares Thus to diuorce me from my place of birth To be a stranger to my natiue Earth Wilt thou expose him on thy common stage To striue and struggle in an Iron age Whose low ambition neuer learn'd of thee The curious Artes of thriuing policy Thy golden tongue from which my yonger dayes Suckt the sweet musick of thy learned layes Was better taught thy office then my fate To make me thine yet most vnfortunate Why was I fostred in thy learned schooles To study with for the reward of fooles That while I sate to heâ—re the Muses sing The Winter suddenly ore-took my Spring Haue I so played the truant with my howres Or with base riot stained thy sacred Bowres Or as a Viper did I euer striue To gnaw a passage through thy wombe to thriue To pluck me thus from Deuons brest to try What thou canst doe when as thy dugges are dry When my short thread of life is almost spunne Thou biddst me rise vp with thy morning Sun And like a Heliotrope adore the East When my care-hastened Age arriues at West Could I encounter as I once did hope The God of learning in the Horoscope My Phâ—buâ— would auspicious lookes incline On my hard fate and discontents to shine Now lodged in a luckles house reiects My former suites and frownes with sad aspects Had I been borne when that eternall hand Wrapt the infant world in her first swadling band Before Philosophy was taught the way To rock the cradle in which Nature lay My Learning had been Husbandry My Birth Had ow'd no toll but to the virgine Earth Noâ— haâ— I courted for these thiâ—â—y yeeres Thy seuen proud minions with officious teares To liue had been my industry no tongue Had taxt thy honours guilty of my wrong Had I been shepheard on our Westerne plaines I might haue sung amongst those happy swaines Some shepheardesse hearing my melody Might haue been charmed kind as charity And taught me those sad minutes to repriue Which I haue lost in studying how to thriue Had I aduetur'd on the brinish fome And sworne my selfe a stranger to my home Till time the Haruest reapt my youth did owe And Ages winter had spent all her snow Vpon my haires what worser could I haue Then loose thy frownes to find a wished graue The Scythian hewne from Caucasus would aske â—efore my slaughter why a needles taske Of Trauaile I should vndertâ—ke to see Their Countreyes bounds and my sad misery But hearing my harsh bondage vnder thee Would thine vnkindnesse hate and piâ—ty me To see thy Child far seuer'd from thy wombe The Canniball would make himselfe my tombe And till his owne were spent preserue my dust In his deere vrne which thou hast sleightly lost Canst thou neglected see his Age to freeze Whose youth thou dandl'st on indulgent knees The fowle aspersions on my Deuon throwne Thou mightst in right acknowledge for thine owne Only this difference to men wanting worth They sell preferments and thou sends them forth Canst thou be brib'd to honour with a kisse Thy guilded folly which deserues the hisse If thy foâ—'d wants and flattery conspire To sell thy Scarlet to a worthles Squire Or grace with miniuere some proselite Who nere knew artes or reade the Stagirite Yet should thy hand be frugall to preserue That stock for want of which thy sonnes may starue Haue I seru'd out three prentiships yet find Thy trade inferiour to the humblest mind And that outstript by vnthrifts which were sent Free with indentures ere their yeeres were spent Then cease yee sisters of the Thespian springs Thalia burne thy books and breake thy strings And mother make thy selfe a second Tombe For all thy ofspring and so shut thy wombe Accuse not my iust anger but the cause Nature may vrge but fury scornes her lawes I fawn'd too long on Iustice Sith that failes Storme Indignation and blow vp my sailes Ingenious choller arm'd with Scorpions stings Which whipp'st on Pesants and commandest Kings And giu'st each milky soule a penne to write Though all the world turned a parasite O Temper my braines thy bitternesse infuse Descend and dictate to my angry Muse. O pardon mother something checkes my spleene And from thy face takes off my angry teene Reuolted Nature by the same degrees Goes and returnes begges