Lip Junius de Com. which was ever attributed to their Barbarisme Shaving the Chin condemned The Persians allow no part of the body haire the upper Lip excepted Herberts Travels which grows very long and thick they turne it downwards the oyle Dowac but thrice applyed annihilates the excrement ever after The Turks weare only great Whiskers on the upper Lip which is the Military cut shaving away all the hair off their chins which they do as I suppose by the same Artifice the Persians use Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 6 Tom. 1. The Arabians shave their Beards save only on the upper Lip which they let grow still and yet some there be of them that suffer their Beards to grow long and never cut them Shaving the Chin is justly to be accounted a note of Effeminacy flagitious as appeares by Eunuchs who are not so effeminate in anything then that they are smooth and produce not a Beard the signe of virility and therein not men to whom they may be likened who expose themselves to be shaved not without cause are such called in reproach women For what greater evidence can be given of Effeminacy than to 〈◊〉 transformed into the appearance of a woman Shaving condemned and to be seen with a smooth skin like a woman a shamefull metamorphosis Our Ancestors reputed it piacular and monstrous in habit only to resemble women how much more ignominious is it in smoothnesse of Face to resemble that impotent Sex A ridiculous fashion to be look'd upon with scoffs and noted with infamy for which prank Clisthenes is branded in the Proverbe Clisthenis rasura who to seeme young ridiculously suffered himselfe every day to be shaved A thing first thought on in the time of Alexander when he was effeminated with the Persian luxury Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 7. It was a long time ere the world began to entertaine Barbers but it was late first ere they were in any request at Rome The first that entred into Italy came out of Cicily and it was in the 454 yeare after the Foundation of Rome Brought in they were by P. Ticinius Mena as Varro doth report for before-time they never cut their haire The first that was shaven every day was Scipio Africanus and after him commeth Augustus the Emperour who evermore used the Rasor And verily the Turkes who shave their slaves do justly scoffe at such Christians who cut or naturally want a beard as suffering themselves to be abused against Nature The Inne-keepers of Fez are justly therefore detested among the honester part of the Citizens Johannes Leo Hist of Africa who go apparelled like women and shave their Beards and are so delighted to imitate women that they will not only counterfeit their speech but will also sit down and spin With a Rasor then to go so deep as to leave no impression of haire upon the Chin as if we would with the same Iron invade the roots but that we feare wounds and deforming skars of the skin is to turne Rebell and to shew a willingnesse to evert the Law of Nature Shaving the Chin a dishonour to Nature Hence Diogenes very knowingly seeing one with a smooth shaved Chin hast thou whereof to accuse Nature for making thee a man and not a woman the Beard is a singular gift of God which who shaves away he aimes at nothing than to become lesse man An Act not only of indecency but of injustice and ingratitude against God and Nature repugnant to Scripture wherein we are forbidden not to corrupt the upper and lower honour of the Beard Levit. 19.27 Rabbi Moses cum notis Dionis voso or shave it upon which place Rabbi Moyses Maimonides hath made very subtile and precise glosses But we not only leaping in the Face of Nature but resisting God in manner of the Gyants are bold to establish a practicall Law against the first Decree insomuch as we may be likened unto the Rhodians and Bizantines and put in the same forme with them who when they were forbidden by a Law that no man should be shaved all of them began against the Law to shave their Chins and a Mulct moreover imposed upon all Barbers that had Razors yet that deter'd them not but they all used Razors So we against the Edicts of God the Oracles of the Prophets the Placits of Counsels and the judgement of Learned men hold fast the foolish Custome of shaving and will sooner forbid our selves fire and water than execute Commands contrary to our Custome like wicked Out-laws despising the fulmination of Divine anger More conformable to the Law of Nature were they of old when in Greece to shave the Beard was held for a great punishment In many places the punishment of Fornication was that the Fornicator should have his Beard chopt off openly with a keene Axe and so to be sent away which to him was a marke of infamy Thenet Cosmograph Thenet in his Cosmography saith Cutting off Beards where a punishment at this day in the Isle of Candy it is a kind of punishment to cut a mans Beard Paradin hist of Savoy lib. 2. cap. 155. Paradine writeth that certaine young Gentlemen who followed the Earle of Savoy were so served for forcing a Damosell and the Father made Declaration that he was well satisfied The Beglerbegs and Bassas of the Sultan wore very long Beards If the Sultan were displeased with any man he caused his beard to be cut for a punishment and shame as Emyr Seleyman served Chassan Captaine of the Janizaries which Chassan esteemed so great a shame unto him that he handled the matter so that Emyr Seleyman was entrapped and strangled To which we may add the merry History mentioned by Nicephorus in his Chronicle Niceph. in his Chronicle of Baldwin Prince of Edessa pawning of his Beard for a great Sum of money and his Father Gabriel Prince of Mitilene redeeming the extreme ignominy his Son was like to receive by the losse of his Beard furnishing him with money Eradicaters of Beards Jormand in li. cer Getticarum The Huns have their Cheekes to wit all the parts where the haire breaks out cut with an Iron by their Mothers while they yet suck on purpose to make them grow old without a Beard which is a naturall ornament that they it seemes abhor and hence they were made to live without a Beard because their Faces plowed with Irons did consume the timely grace of haires in skars Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 10. The Bramas not far from Pegu if they see a man with a Beard they wonder at him for they with Pinsors pull out their haire as soone as it appeares Herberts Travels lib. 3. In Pegu also they weare no Beards and they cut and pluck their flesh to become braver than other Nations The Tovopinambaultians use also to eradicate the haire of their Beards The Chiribichenses are Beardlesse Pet. Martyr Decad. 8. and if a
harder and parted with none or few sutures by which temper of their climates and their concurring Artifice they obtaine indeed a notable defence against outward injuries more then the ordinary provision of Nature doth affoord but thereby they become more obnoxious to internall injuries to wit to those diseases which arise from the retention of fuliginous vapours and their thick skuls may render them more indocile and oblivious as the Indians of Hispancola are noted to be Celsus therefore is mistaken where he affirmes their Heads to become thereby more firme and safe from pain but he more derogates from the justice and Wisdome of Nature when he affirmes that the fewer sutures there be the health of the Head is more thereby accommodated both which opinions of Celsus Fallopius very moderately expounds by way of distinction saying Gabr. Fallopius comment in lib. Gal. de Offibus that his opinion is partly true and partly false for if you understand him of those affections that have pain from an internall cause then it is so farr that their Heads should not ake that they rather ake since there are found many affections which arise from vapours and smoak retained but if we understand it of those griefs which may arise from long abode under the Sun or from the coldnesse of the ambient Aire his opinion is most true because since there are no sutures there can be no transpiration of externall aire hot or cold therefore he must be understood of paines which proceed from an extrinsique cause But the other part of his opinion is not to be endured of those who tender the reputation and honour of Nature For Reald. Columb Anat. lib. 1. cap. 5. Columbus from many most certaine arguments drawn from experience and dissections made upon the skuls of many men and which is more strange and scarce credible some Women who have died of incurable Head-aches have been assured finding in their skuls small sutures and those conjoyned close together that their paines have been occasioned from that too close composition of bones and hath hence tooke a just occasion to right Nature by this honourable conclusion That the sutures of the Head doe not only conferre to the defence of the Bodies health but do conferr more unto it by how much the greater and looser they shall be Wherefore saith he I could never approve of the opinion of Cornelius Celsus asserting that Heads without sutures are not only most strong and firme but also free from all manner of griefs such as are to be found in hot and scorching Regions for he only takes notice of causes hurting the Head from without sure if the saying of Celsus were true those Heads should be weaker and more apt to suffer which had remarkable sutures then those which had small or no sutures at all But since it is otherwise and the Braine is more apt to be damnified by internall suliginous recrements then outward injuries we must conclude that those Heads which have more ample sutures are far safer from paine then those that are destitute of them or are intersected with small and very close ones SCENE II. Bald pates Certaine Fashions of Haire affected by divers Nations and their opinions and practise about Haire-rites most derogatory to the Honour of Nature THe Arymphaei who dwell near the Ryphaean Mountaines Ravisius ex Herodoto esteem Haire upon the Head to be a very great shame and reproach and therefore they affect baldnesse and are so from their nativity both men women The Arnupheae as Pliny reports be all shorne and shaven Pliny lib. 6. for both Men and Women count it a shame to have haire on their Heads The Argippaei Jo Bohemus de ritibus gent. lib. 2. that live under the roots of the high mountains in Scythia are bald from their Nativity both Men and Women Lindschoten lib 1. cap. 26. The Japonians account it for a great Beauty to have no Haire wh ch with great care they do pluck out only have a bunch of Haire on the Crown of their Heads which they tye together Grimstone of their manners Another saith some of them pull away their Haire before and others behind and the peasants and meaner sort of People have halfe the Head bald the Nobility and Gentry have few Haires behind and if any one touch them that are left they hold it for a great offence Sr. John Mandevils Travels cap. 54. In the Land of Lombe wher groweth good Wine and Women drinke Wine and Men none the Women shave their Heads and not Men. That the Haire should be as these Nations conceive a most abject excrement an unprofitable burthen and a most unnecessary and uncomely covering and that Nature did never intend that excrement for an Ornament is a piece of Ignorance or rather malicious impiety against Nature How great an Ornament the Haire is to the Head appears by the deformity is introduced by baldnesse If the Haire were an excrement it should be shut quite out of the Body but this remaines in and they have many different accidents of which they ought to give a finall cause and not to tie them to the necessity of matter which is supposed one end of their production Neither doe they proceed from the fuliginous excrements of the Braine as some are pleased to think but rather as Spigelius well notes of Blood attracted by the root of the Haire unto the rest of the Plant and Trunck which may be procured from those things which in other Creatures hold analogy with the Haires of Man And therefore when the Braine is consumed baldnesse ensues the allowed plenty of blood exhausted The Naturall use of Haire to wit that from whence Haires and wherewith the Braine and the circumstant parts are nourished The prime end therefore of the Haire of the Head is to defend the skin the second use is to defend the Braine from injuries from without or from within From without there may happen to fall upon it Aire Raine Haile from within Vapours exhaling from the inferior parts may prove troublesome The Aire may hurt the Head many waies by coldnesse constipating the Pores of the skin whence the regresse of Vapours is exhibited by heat whence the Spirits are dissipated and the Braine as it were sod by moistnesse relaxing the internall parts by drinesse astringing all and consuming the innate humiditie against all these inconveniences which the foolish malice of these Men bring upon their Heads the Haire by covering the Head doth very aptly bring reliefe Raine moistens Haile smites on it the density of the Haire keeps off one the other the ductus or course of the Haire turns away for the thicknesse of the Haire admits not easily of Raine and the turnings of the Haire doe straightway cast off the Haile that fals upon the Head In like manner they abate the force of internall Contingencies for they affoord a passage to Vapours elevated from the
of Lydia as the report goes was the first that made women Eunuches whom he used instead of Male Eunuches after whose examples the women of Egypt were sometimes spaded Giges is accused of the same trespasse against Nature by Hesychius and Suidas The end might be the same in spading women as men both being made thereby impotent and so consequently apt to envy others The Danger of spading women and lesse subject to be corrupted with their passions Julius Alex. lib. 22. cap. 14. Salubr in annot ad Gal. pag. 122. Reiner Reineceius Tom. 3. Hist de Lydorum orig imper p. 82. Athen. Voscius lib. 17. de orig progressu Idolat fol. 1081 And it seemes Iulius Alexandrinus could never find that this was a received Custome in any Nation yet he had read in divers Authors of many Castrated to abate their untamed Lust But that end which the first inventors of this shamefull deed propounded to themselves was as is supposed to prolong their youth and that they might perpetually use and enjoy them in a flourishing condition of body It is an Anatomicall Question An mulier Castrati possit and it appeares de facto to have been done but concerning the manner of operation there ariseth a greater difficulty Whether they castrated women by drawing out their wombe or by avulsion of their Testicles Both waies it is certaine that women will be brought into great danger of life for although Sows may be spaded yet with the like security it cannot be administred in women by reason of the seat wherein they are placed and the society they have with other parts For he must necessarily cut both the Flankes who would Castrate a woman Cardan Dialog Tâ—tim inscript a worke full of desperate hazzard yet it may be done with little or no danger if it be attempted with an Artfull hand And a Friend of mine told me he knew a maid in Northampton-shire that was thus spaded by a Sow-gelder and escaping the danger grew thereupon very fat A Gentleman who undertooke since in some company to tell me this Story againe said that he was present at the Assizes of Northampton when this Sow-gelder was arraigned for this Fact I doubt there is some mistake in the Scene A maid spaded a new way for by another Information of a Justice than was there it was in Lincolne-shire and the Fact done upon Lincolne Heath and that was not his first Fact so that his first attempt might be upon the Northampton maid this last maids name was Margaret Brigstock but the Judges were much confounded how to give Sentence upon an Act against which they had no Law for although the Castration of men was Fellony by the Law yet there was nothing enacted against spading of women and well might they be ignorant of such a Case when Platerus the great Physitian professeth he remembreth not that ever he read or heard of such an attempt This Clearke for that was his name was hanged for this last Fact but not by a Law but for robbing her of two penniworth of Apples which she had in her Apron But it is more dangerous to pluck out the Wombe although this succeeded well to a certaine Sow-gelder who suspecting his Daughter guilty of Adultery violently extracting the Wombe spaded her after the manner of Cattle that afterwards she might be unfit for bearing of Children Vuierus lib. 4. de praestig Demon cap. 2. as Vuierus witnesseth And we read that this Iohannes ab Essen Sow-gelder-Generall to the Clivensian Duke was deservedly punished by the Prince with a pecuniary mulct for that villanous deed But Riolanus supposeth that as they button up the Naturals of Mares which they would not have horsed to wit with Iron rings trajected in order Dalechamp in not is ad lib. 12. Athenaei Deipnosoph wherewith their Naturals are shut up so women of old were spaded for so Dalechampius interprets the ancient Castration of women Circumcision where first practised after which manner as he heares the jealous Italians secure their Wives from the admittance of any Rivall Circumcision a strange and smart invention of man is a very ancient device practised to the diminution of the naturall comelinesse of this part Joh. Bohem. de rit gent. lib. 1. The Egyptians as the Greeks are perswaded were the first that circumcised their virilities confessing they were Circumcised for cleannesse because it was better to be cleane than comely or beautifull Coelius Rhod. Caelius saith they were wont to Circumcise their New-borne Infants conceiving it not a little to conduce to the commodities of life thinking that the filth and corruption of their bodies was thereby taken away Grimston of their manners And it is thought that perchance the Egyptian Priests and other Flamines of the naturall Law used Circumcision as a certaine signe of Piety as Orus Apollo insinuates saying that a Cynocephalus was a note of Sacrifice because he was borne Circumcised others thinke they used it as a note of religious cleannesse and that the Egyptian Priests who were bound to shave all their body every three daies to the end they might not carry any filthinesse into the Temple and Sacrifice so they did cut the Fore-skin to be more neat and that it was more seemly to be without filthinesse than in any other sort whatsoever Veslingus in Synt. Anatom Veslingus thinks they were necessitated to do this to a naturall end for the prepuce in the Egyptian and Arabian little Children grows out often so beyond measure 〈◊〉 Christians and by much encreasing is so attenuated that they are constrained no lesse for feare of a Phimosis than by the prescript of Religion to cut off part thereof so over-carefull sometimes is Nature in providing for a decent covering of this shamefull part That the Egyptians used Circumcision appeareth by Philo Judaeus They mocke saith he at our Circumcision which was in great honour with other Nations especially the Egyptians Philo Judaeus and there was some cause why it was a Custome with them unlesse we would condemne the easinesse of a Noble and most ancient Nation since it is not likely that they would rashly Circumcise so many Millions and ordaine the torment of Mutilation of the dearest pledges in their body At this day the Copties Sands Travels lib. 2. called commonly and corruptly Coftes who are the true Egyptians the name signifieth privation in regard as some will have it of their Circumcision notwithstanding they are Christians they are Circumcised whereof they now begin to be ashamed saying that in the Country they are thereunto compelled by the Moores in Cities where secure from violence they use it not doing it rather in that it is an ancient Custome of their Nation mentioned by Herodotus than out of Religion The Colchians Ethiopians Trogloditians Syrians and Phaenicians were of the same Cut. Grimston of their manners The Iucatans used Circumcision but not all in generall
People of the Indies affect the same mad Gallantry of a broad Head and platter Face to bring their Children to which Affected deformity they lay one board on the Forehead and another on the Neck so keeping them in press from Day to Day untill they be foure or five Yeares old The Geometricall pates of our Square-headed and Platter-faced Gallants is a new Contrivance For these Fashions of the Head were not knowne and discovered in the time of Galen nor the violation of this Artifice practised Galen reckoning up the foure unnaturall Figures of the Head the first where the Anterior eminency is lost the Posterior remaining in good case the second when the hinder Eminency or out-shoot is wanting the Frontall Jettie safe the third when both of them are missing the Fourth when the Temples are Eminent the Occiput and Sinciput depressed saies for this last Figure it may be imagined but not possibly be found against which Vesalius opposeth himselfe Vesalius cap. 5. lib. 1. alledging both Authority and Experience the Authority is of Hippocrates who as he saies writes that the Head sometimes doth more remarkably protuberat at the Eares then either forward or backward His Experience is taken from Three Whereof the First he saies he saw at Venice another at Bononia a Third at Genua Against him againe Fallopius opposeth himselfe and as for Hippocrates he saith that for this cause he had read Hippocrates through twice and could never finde any such thing and for the Experience he had seen the Venetian Boy who had not this Fourth Figure To Hofman it seems that this ought not to be accounted among the unnaturall or unvaletudinarie Figures For Pet. Aponensis Different 79. Conciliator not insisting upon these Occidentall Indian square-Heads above presented he findes Conciliator to write that he had seen two nay measured their Heads and to have found a greater distance from one Temple to the other then from the Occiput to the Sinciput Hugo Senensis also had seen this Figure as Th. Veiga testifies Th. Veiga Comment in cap. 11. Art Medicinal Gal. and Petrus Martyr saies he saw such a Boy at Milane At last Hofman agrees with Galen that such are Monstrous rare and invitall And verily these square-Headed Gallants must needs suffer some dammage in their intellectuals by this affectation for Physiognomers affirme that a Head that hath Angles argues an impediment of Judgment and ratiocination For even as an Eccho is lesse oppositely formed in Angular Buildings then in an Arch or winding Rounds So the Vigour of Judgment is more flourishing in a Skull Naturally round then in Heads knotty and Angular And therefore Man Naturally hath a great Advantage over other Creatures in the roundnesse of his Head for although in the Fabrick all Creatures seem to answer one generall Rule although they are of divers species and use yet by the wonderfull Device or Invention of God as Lactantius speaks there is one Similitude of frame in all for one disposition and one Habit produceth an innumerable varietie of Living Creatures For in all Creatures that Breath for the most part there is the same Series and order of Members nor do the members onely observe and keep their Tenor and Scituation but also the parts of the Members for in one and the same Head the Eares the Eies the nostrils the Mouth also and in the Mouth the Teeth and Tongue possesse a certain place which being the same in all living Creatures yet there is Infinite and Manifold diversity of Figures for that they are either more produced or contracted or comprised in lineaments variously differing As for Example the Head in other Creatures is formed after a Triangular manner and whereas it ought to be round in Man these Nations distending the orbicularity of their Heads change it into an Angular Body thereby to the great affront of Nature and abasement of the Humane Forme maintaining a greater Analogie between them and bruits then ever she intended If any accidentall depravation of the Head resembling this affected Irregularity threaten prejudice to the operation of the intellect the mischiefe may be prevented in Infants by the Physicall Corrector or Cosmetique Chirurgion whose Office it is to preserve what is according to Nature and in case of misprision to reduce unto the Naturall state the endeavour of which Art hath succceeded happily to many Dr. Garenciers told me he knew a Child that through the difficulty of Birth and the usuall accidents of hard Labour Dogs-Heads his Head was so compressed and driven into a kinde of Angularity that they much suspected some detriment would thereby accrew unto his understanding yet by the Midwives and Nurses care who indeed have the onely opportunity to officiate in this businesse I would they had as much judgment and ability for the place the Childes Head recovered the Naturall shape and it proved to have a very good Wit and understanding And although the Author of the Treasurie of Times indeed holds this for a Fable because all those Countries have been discovered and doe declare no deformity on the Peoples Bodies yet the relation is confirmed by some of the order of Predicants sent as Legats from the Apostolique State unto the Tartars De rebus Tartar c. 9. who assure us that there are a certaine Nation in Tartary who have a Dogs-Face Vinc. Hist lib. 31. cap. 11 Johannes de plano minorita the same Authors adding withall that although the Men have such a resemblance of a Dogs-Head as beforesaid yet the Women have a Humane Visage as other Women in the World have Therefore there is such a Nation the Authors being many and considerable who affirme it and Kornmannus assents thereto conceiving the relation to be true insomuch as it were a shame for any Man to be refractorie in point of beliefe and not to afford Credit to so Evident a truth For although this Nation of Men hath been accounted by many among the Types and Fabulous Narrations of the Ancients yet in these latter Times we have received credible Intelligence of such kind of Nations newly found Johannes de Plancarpio and Vincentius Burgundius make relations of Nations lately discovered having such Dog-like-Heads Odericus Poster affirmes that in Nicoverra a City of India there are men that have Dogs-Heads Mandevils Travels cap. 61. in the Isle called Macumeran which is a great Isle and a faire the Men and Women who are reasonable have Heads like Hounds Marcus Paulus the Venetian assures us that there is an Island named Daganian Kornmannus cals it Anganian the Inhabitants whereof have Heads like unto Dogs and live by feeding on Humane Flesh and Pausanias delivers unto us a relation of one Euphemus by descent a Carian who saw such People in the Islands of the Oceans when he was driven thither by a Tempest as he was sailing into Italy That testification also that Aristotle gives of Pigmies is much reverenced by Johannes Camers
Image cut in Brasse Kornmannus had and he had heard it affirmed for a truth by honest friends who had seen her Aldr. Monst Hist And that Effigies of a German woman which Aldrovandus saies is shown in the publique Library of Bononia of one who heretofore passing through Bononia had a Beard two Palmes long may possibly be the same Monster And that women through discontinuance of the Company of men and defect of their Courses have grown Bearded and passed into a virile apparance not without danger of their health and life Hippocrates hath two remarkable stories Hip. par 8. l. 6. Epid. aphor 45 46. Alex. Benedict li. 26. c. 4. de curand mor. And Alexander Benedict saw an Example of the same accident when he was in Greece But what is more wonderfull there is a Mountaine of Ethiopia neare the Red sea where women live with prolix beards Kornman li. de Mirac vivorum In Brasile Caneda and Nova Francia the women are said to have some kind of Beard under their Chins SCENE XIII Red Teeth affected Dentall Fashions or Tooth Rites THe people of Molalia in the East-Indies account red Teeth a great beauty Purchas Pilgr 1. lib. 4. and therefore they colour their Teeth red with Beetle and other things which they continually chew in their Mouth They of the Isle of Candou accounted Asiatiques Idem Pilgr 2. lib. 9. hold red Teeth a great bravery which they colour so with chewing of Beetle and Arecka They of the Island Ciphanghu and Sumbdit Idem Pilgr 1. lib. 2. which from their Nature are called Latronum or the Island of Theeves colour their Teeth red and black which they esteeme a comely thing The men in Cumana make great means to make their Teeth black Lindscot l. 2. and such as have them white they esteeme women because they take no paines to make them black which they do with Hay or Gay and the principall women take a pride in black Teeth Purch Pilgr 1. lib. 2. In a certaine Island which Sir Francis Drake discovered as he sailed in eight Degrees from Nova Albion the people affect black Teeth as a singular beauty and their Teeth are as black as pitch they renew them often by eating of an herb with a kind of powder which they carry about them in a Cane for that purpose De Bry hist Ind. Orient part 9. In the Kingdome of Goer their Teeth are as black as Pitch which they so extremely affect that the blacker they are the more beautifull they are accounted Idem The King of Calecut hath black teeth as all the Nations his Subjects have by the perpetuall chawing of Beta and the blacker ones teeth is they esteeme him worthy of greater honour White Teeth where a reproach They of Java men and women Idem part 3. use to champe Arecka mixt with Chalke which renders their mouth of a purple colour and their teeth grow black which they now and then polish with the affriction of a certaine herb which must needs make them shew like polisht Ebony In Sumatra they also perpetually champe in their mouth Beetle mixt with Chalke Diario Nautico Batavorum The Cherebichenses Pet. Mart. Decad. 8. the Inhabitants of Chiribichi the neighbouring Countrey to the Province of Paria which are Caribes from the tenth or twelfth yeare of their age when now they begin to be troubled with the tickling provocations of Venery they carry leaves of Trees to the quantity of Nuts all the day in either Cheeke and take them not out but when they receive meat or drink the teeth grow black with that Medicine even to the foulenesse of a quenched or dead Coale they call our men women or children in reproach because they delight in white Teeth their Teeth continue to the end of their lives and they are never pained with the Tooth-ach nor do they ever rot 'T is well they have some benefit by their affectation which very seldome happens unto any of our Artificiall Changelings They take great care of these Trees which they call Hay by reason that for the leaves thereof they get whatever wares or Commodities they like so fashionable a thing is black Teeth and in such request The Portugall and Mesticho women who live at Goa Grimston of their manners do continually eat the leaves of Beetle with Garlick and an herb called Areque the women do continually chaw of these three things like unto beasts Nations hating white Teeth and do swallow down the juyce and spit out the rest which is the cause that their Teeth grow black and red which amaze them that have not been accustomed to see them These fashions come from the Indians and these women are perswaded that they are thereby preserved from a stinking breath and from the tooth-ache and the paine in the stomack so that they would rather lose their lives than these herbs insomuch that like oxen or kine they are so used to chew the Cud that wheresoever they go or stand they must alwaies have of these leaves carried with them Lindscot li. 1. cap. 31. and the women-slaves do go alwaies chawing and are so used thereunto that they verily thinke that without it they cannot live for their common worke is to sit all day when their Husbands are out of doores behind a Mat alway chawing the herbe Beetle and they go in their houses with a dish of it in their hand being their daily chawing worke Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 10. They in Pegu and in all the Countries of Ava Longiamnes Siam and the Bramas have their Teeth black both men and women for they say a Dog hath his Teeth white therfore they will black theirs as scorning to imitate a Canine Candor Helyn Geogr. The women of Vlna the chiefe City of Oristom or Orissa in India if Helyn remember aright in a foolish pride black their Teeth because Dogs teeth forsooth are white Lindscot li. 1. cap. 26. In Japan as among all Nations it is a good sight to see men with white Teeth it is esteemed there the filthiest thing in the world who seek by all meanes they may to make their Teeth black White Teeth vindicated for that the white causeth their griefe and the black maketh them glad In Cariajan the chiefe City of Cathai Helyn Geogr. the women use to gild their Teeth The externall uperficies of the Teeth by Nature is white terse and polished and this their native candor proves them to be bones This hue they alwaies retaine unlesse by neglect age or diseases they become red black and rotten white Teeth being so justly accounted a precious and naturall beauty that they are hence called the sale-piece For men then to affect the blemish of age and the colour of decaying sicknesse and rottenesse in their Teeth for a fashion is a very strange way of prevarication More carefull of preserving the beauty of the
of crude waters of dissolved Snow as most Authors suppose which although it be a reason not to be rejected Platerus yet Platerus to this Cause addes the Seed and the Facultie Formatrix in the wombe where they are familiar to any place and that they are rather propagated from the Parents in their Children then that they happen by reason of any meat or drinke or any other peculiar cause which Sennertus thinkes doth not seldome fall out so indeed yet the first cause seemes valid because it is observed that they that come well into any such places after they have abode there a while they contract such a water between the skin and rough Artery which is called by Physitians Bronchocele and Bocium à Bocii ventricosi poculi similitudine from the similitude of a great-bellied drinking Cup. Shoulders higher than the Head SCENE XVII Humerall or Shoulder-Affectations Lycost Append Chron. prodig IN the Island Taprobana High huff-Shoulders are in Fashion and Naturall Whether these Nations are guilty or not of using Art to this purpose I shall not conclude although I halfe suspect some concurrent affectations My apprehension of this businesse I have already exprest in the History of the Acephali which appeare to be the same Nation In all the parts of Tartaria the men are broad-shouldered which being Nationall is held there in good repute And if it were not at first affected and introduced among them by Art Broad shoulders where affected yet in other Countries where it is noted to be extremely affected there hath been some endeavour used to that intent and where that hath failed they have had recourse to outward supplements Concerning the Italians Cresol vacat Autumn Cresollius hath informed us of their ridiculous affectation in this kind Behold saith he what the improvident curiosity of men hath thought on who that they might seeme Plato's that is broad-shouldred full square and somewhat strong and mighty men they bumbast their Doublets and after a childish or rather womanish manner adhibent Analectides use little Bolsters or Pillows for to seeme more fat and comly bolstring so up their prominent shoulders as little women were wont to do of old as Ovid describes the Custome Conveniunt tenues scapulis Analectides altis Angustum circa fascia pectus erat Well could these men be Masters of their wish yet it is a question whether it would please their Mistrisses For the women of other Countries and among us are not so well affected to broad shoulders for it is worth the noting what women by long use have observed to wit that men that have broad shoulders for the most part get great Children Hence the Mother-in-Law of Forestus a fruitfull woman would not match her Daughters to Platonique men by reason she feared least in their Delivery they should be endangered by reason of the greatnesse of the Child which Forestus had often seene to happen the broad shoulders dangerously sticking in the Birth Narrow shoulders affected the cause whereof Riolanus thinks to be difficult whence you may see what worke they make for the women who endeavour by Art to purchase thick and broad shoulders Franciscus Hernandus in his Manuscript makes report of certaine Nations in India who are all buncht-backt crooked and crump-shouldered Arme-gallanry SCENE XVIII Strange Inventions of certain Nations in ordering their Armes Hands and Nailes The Inhabitants of the town Alimamu in Malhada Idem Pilgr 4. lib. 8. have their armes and thighs Oakred and dyed with red black white and yellow striped like unto panes Little Hands where affected so as they shew as if they were in Hose and Doublets In little Venice by the Gulph of Paria Lindscot l. 2. the women who are proud paint their Armes and Breasts The Aegyptian Moores both men and women Purch Pilgr ◠lib. 7. brand their Armes for love of each other Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 8. The Abassines colour their hands with the juyce of a Reddish Bark Herberts Travels The Persians paint their hands into a red or tawny colour which both cooles their Livers and makes them in War victorious The common women to shew they are servants to Dame Flora in her daies a good one they illustrate their Armes and Hands their Legs and Feet with Flowers and Birds Prosp Alpinus lib. de plant Egypt c. 13. The Egyptian women love golden Golls who of the leaves of Cyprus an orientall tree which the Egyptians call Elhannae or Tamarrendi make a Powder which they call Archenda This they use for ornament to colour their hands and feet tempering it with water which makes a golden Tincture Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 9. In Candou Island accounted to Asia it is the fashion to make the Nailes of their Hands red this is the beauty of their Country they make it with the juyce of a certaine tree and it endureth as long as their nailes The Turkes paint their long nailes red Sandys in his Travels saith the women paint their nailes with a yellowish red Mag. Geogr. Maginus saith they infect their Haire Hands and Feet especially their Nailes with a red colour Georg. Draudius Comment in Solin memorabilia Africae This Tincture of their Nailes it seemes is imposed after their Lent at the Celebration of their Pascha which in their Tongue they call Bairam when with great solemnity for three daies they dawbe the nailes of their hands and feet with a certaine oile Long Nailes a sign of Gentility called by them Chua which makes their nailes ruddy yellow This colour sticks tenatiously and can neither be washed or rubbed off wherefore unlesse their nailes grow out new from the root they alwaies appeare of that Rutilant colour but off their hands it may be scoured with frequent ablution the women imbue not only their nailes but their hands and feet with the same The Persians paint their nailes party-coloured Herberts Travels white and vermilion but why so my Author cannot say unlesse in imitation of King Cyrus who in augmentation of honour caused his Heroes to tincture their nailes and Faces with Vermilion sensibly to distinguish them from the Vulgar sort as did the ancient Brittaines in fight to shew more terrible In Calecut the women have the Nails of their fingers prominent Idem colour'd cut and jagged round Naile-Painters condemned These Nations who thus paint their Nailes offend against the vertue of ornamentall Decorum Decency or reverence in this unnaturall excess of care being not contented with the naturall beauty of the naile and by their foolish bravery they obscure the naturall light and splendor of their nailes which ariseth from that lucid and pellucid temperament of a more cleare substance which presents us in a glasse the splendour of the Lucent principle and inward clarity of the vitall spirits wherein the ample study of Chyromancy is conversant The Egyptians to advance this splendour were wont of old to
coloured with a reddish Tawney all very personable and handsome strong men As for the Floridians Ribaults discovery of Florida the sore-part of their bodies and armes be painted with pretty devised workes of Azure Red and Black so well and so properly as the best Painter of Europe could not amend it the women have their bodies painted with a certaine herb like unto Mosse wherewith the Cedar trees and all other Trees are covered The people of Whitesands Island paint themselves with certaine roane colours In a narration of new France The Margasates in Brasilea paint themselves with black streakes like the Tartarians Lindscot Travels lib. 2. The Inhabitants of the Island La Trinidade paint their bodies red and black with colours made of the juyce of herbs Idem eodem and the filthier it sheweth the fairer they esteeme it to be And in the Gothick warre ferroque notatas Perlegit exanimes Picto moriente figuras Some thinke that the Celtique Poiteveins called by the Latines Pictones though they be not descended of this race yet had their name given them for the same occasion of that of the Picts And as customes once brought in among a people are not lost but by the length of many Ages So in Brunzwich they sometimes grease their faces with painting and make their Vizage all black from whence perchance that word Bronzer may be derived which signifies in Picardy to black And generally it is beleeved that all those Northerly people did use painting when they would make themselves brave for the Gelons Agathyrses Nations of Scythia like the Picts Iohan. Bohem. de rit gent. lib. 3. were of this Fraternity with Iron Instruments did colour their bodies We English men likewise then called Britons by the saying of Tertullian Tert. de veland virg Jornand de bello Gotico Isidor lib. 16. cap. 23. affected the same cruell bravery The Goths besides the Iron Instruments did use Vermilion to make their faces and bodies red Briefely it was a sport in old time to see so many Anticks men and women for there are found yet old pictures which in the Virginia History you may find Painting with faire incisions an old humour of our Auncestors cut in brasse where the Picts of both Sexes are painted out with their faire incisions as Herodian describeth them So that you see this humour of painting hath been generall in these parts There being no cause of mocking if the Indians have done and yet do the like By which things above recited we may know that this hither world hath anciently been as much deformed and savage as any of the Indians and may come about to the same point of cuticular bravery Why some men and they a mighty and considerable part of mankind should first acquire and still retaine the glosse and tincture of blacknesse they who have strictly enquired into the cause Enquity how so great a part of mankind became Black have found no lesse darkenesse in it than blackness in the effect it selfe there arising unto examination no such satisfactory and unquarrellable reasons as may confirme the causes generally received which are but two in number that is the heat and the scorch of the Sun or the curse of God on Cham and his Posterity That the most common imputation to the heat of the Sun in those Climates is false is approved by a most unanswerable argument for there are some Nations of this colour although the Pole Antartique in that place be in the elevation of thirty and five degrees which is a very strange thing yea the rude people that live among the most cold Mountaines of the Moone are black also as Pigafetta relates That Neither of these is the cause the learned Enquirer into vulgar Errours hath evinced or at least made dubious yet how and when this tincture began it was yet a riddle unto him and positively to determine it surpassed his presumption seeing therefore saith he we cannot certainly discover what did effect it it may afford some piece of satisfaction to know what might procure it It may therefore be considered whether the inward use of certaine waters or fountaines of peculiar operations might not at first produce the effect Dr Brownes Pseudodoxia Epidemica lib. 6. cap. 10. since of the like we have records in History Secondly it may be propounded whether it might not fall out the same way that Jacobs Cattle became speckled spotted and ring-streaked that is by the power and efficacy of imagination which produceth effects in the conception correspondent to the phantsie of the Agents in generation If the figure of man hath been changed why not his colour and sometimes assimilates the idea of the Generator into a reality in the thing ingendred whereof there passe for current many undisputable examples Thirdly it is not undisputable whether it might not proceed from such a cause and the like foundation of Tincture as doth the black-Jaundies which meeting with congenerous causes might settle durable inquinations and advance their generations unto that hue which was naturally before but a degree or two below it And this transmission we shall the easier admit in colour if we remember the like hath been effected in organicall parts or figures the Symetry whereof being casually or purposely perverted hath vigourously descended to their Posterities and that in durable deformities This was the beginning of Macrocephali or people with long heads Thus have the Chineses little feet most Negroes great Lips and flat-Noses and thus many Spaniards and Mediterranean Inhabitants which are of the Race of Barbary-Moores although after frequent commixture have not worn out the Camoyse Nose unto this day To omit therefore the other conjectures of our ingenious Author we shall take leave in the Tenour of his own words to say that it may be the seed of Adam might first receive this tincture and became black by an advenient and artificiall way of denigration which at first was a meere affectation arising from some conceit they might have of the beauty of blacknesse and an Apish desire which might move them to change the complexion of their bodies into a new and more fashionable hue Nations of a colour like Brasse which will appeare somewhat more probable by divers affectations of painting in other Nations mentioned in this Treatise and that they take so much content therein that they esteeme deformity by other colours describing the Devill and terrible objects white for they thinke and verily perswade themselves that they are the right colour of men and that we have a false and counterfeit colour And so from this Artifice the Moores might possibly become Negroes receiving atramentitious impression by the power and efficacy of imagination And this complexion first by Art acquired might be evidently maintained by generation and by the tincture of the skin as a spermaticall part traduced from Father to Son For thus perhaps this which at the beginning
of this Complexion was an artificiall device and thence induced by imagination having once impregnated the seed found afterwards concurrent productions which were continued by Climes whose constitution advantaged the artificiall into a naturall impression I confesse Pliny speakes of the Anderae Plin. Nat. hist lib. 6. Mathitae Mesagebes and Hipporeae who being all over black and it seemes disliking that colour do therefore colour and paint their bodies with a kind of red Chalke or rudle called Rubrica The Inhabitants of Florida are of a colour Grimston of their manners like Brasse the reason is for that they annoint themselves with a certaine ointment which seconded by the heat of the Sun proves effectuall to their design notwithstanding that they are borne more white Nations that affect the plumage of Birds The great advancer of Learning well observes that generally Barbarous people that go naked do not only paint themselves but they pounce and race their skin that the painting may not be taken off Lord Bacons nat hist Cent. 8. So that it seemes men would have the colour of birds Feathers if they could tell how or at least they will have gay skins instead of gay cloaths But their airy affectation hath mounted higher Mand. Travels cap. 89. even to enjoy the very substantiall plumage of Birds For in an Isle neare the Isle called Pitan the people are feathered all but the face and palmes of their hands In the Island called Ity the Inhabitants Munst Cosm Novar Insul descript who go naked not only paint their bodies with divers colours but they adorne them with divers Feathers of Birds The Brasileans have many hens like unto ours Lindscot lib. 2. from which they pull the small white Feathers which with Irons they hack and make soft which done they annoint their bodies with gum and strew the feathers therein The Cumanans also dresse themselves with feathers as the Brasileans do which my Author saith is no ill sight Laet saies Laet. descript novi orb occident lib. 18. c. 4. that upon festivall daies they dawbe their skins over with a tenatious glew and then befeather themselves with the small plumage of divers little birds insomuch as they look by that emulation like unto birds whereby they look like new hatched birds wherof this opinion hath risen of some men that have first gone into those Countries and seen them thus dressed after this manner that they were so by Nature Which puts me in mind what Aulus Gellius cites out of ancient Authors to wit that there are certain men whose bodies are not rough with hair but plumed after the manner of birds However the practice of these Nations have marred Platoes definition of man that he was Animal bipes implume and hath made good the unhappy Irony of the Peripateticks who threw a live Cock stript of his feathers into his school saying this is Plato's man for in these Countries Plato's definition would be more adequate to cocks and hens than to men women yet if these Nations were stripped of their borrowed feathers wherein they pride themselves Hairy Nations they would looke somewhat like Aesops Jay of whom the Poet Moveat cornicula risum Furtivis nudata coloribus Harecourts voyage to Guiana In the Province of Moreshogoro the Inhabitants have a ruffe skin like unto buffe leather of which kind there be many in those parts of Guiana but is supposed to proceed from some infirmity of body Among other wild men the Cinnaminians are to be admired for their prolix beards Aldrovandus and the hairinesse of their whole bodies the women also being all over hairy These Relations make me wonder at the opinion of Platerus Platerus in Deformatione observ lib. 3. who denies that there are any wild men to be found all over hairy except the tip of their nose their knees and the palmes of the hand and feet as they are usually painted and conceived of by the Vulgar which that it is false we may hence saith he collect that Cosmographers who have described the whole world make no where mention of them when yet notwithstanding they have not omitted the wildest people the Amazons Canibals and Americans and others which go naked The cause of pilosity and yet are not hairy and those haires that naturally breake forth they pluck forth and eradicate It is observable and makes to our purpose that savage men are more hairy than those that are civill degenerating by their Bruitish kind of life into the nature and resemblance of beasts who are more hairy than men Besides the generall examples of all barbarous Nations we have a particular demonstration of this Bruitish Metamorphosis in the transformation of Nebuchadnezzer Dan. 4. and more lately in the storie of Iohn of Leiden mentioned by Sir K. Digby in his Treatise of the soule The cause of the natural smoothness in men is not as my L. Bacon noteth any abundance of heat and moisture Lord Bacons nat hist cent 7. exp 680. though that indeed causeth pilosity but there is requisite to pilosity not so much heat and moisture as excrementitious heat moisture for whatsoever assimilateth goeth not into the haire and excrementitious moisture aboundeth most in Beasts and Men that are more savage The head indeed of man hath haire upon the first birth which no other part of the body hath The cause may be want of perspiration for much of the matter of haire in the other parts of the body goeth forth by insensible perspiration And besides the Skull being of a more solid substance nourisheth and assimilateth lesse and excerneth more and so likewise doth the Chin we see also that haire commeth not upon the Palmes of the Hands nor Soles of the Feet which are parts more perspirable And Children likewise are not hairy for that their skins are more perspirable Many have been born abounding with shagged haire almost like unto water-Spaniels Men borne with shagged haire like a water Spaniel we read first of Esau that he was the first of this Tribe Gen. cap. 27. Majolus in Colloquiis and Majolus recites a story that in the Town of Pisa named Petrosancta there was borne of a smooth woman a Virgin covered all over with long haire whose image Aldrovandus hath exhibited the cause of which effect Authors refer to the Picture of St Iohn Baptist painted after the usuall manner cloathed in Camels haire whose image hanging in her Chamber the mother had wishtly beheld All rugged with haire having pawes like a Beare was that Infant which was borne 1282. Lycosthenes of an illustrious Matron Martin the fourth being then Pope of Rome by whose command all the Pictures of Beares which were found in that Ladies house were blotted out and defaced a manifest argument of the received imagination of the Effigies of the Beares in Conception Peucerus Peucerus seemes to confirme this production by another such like