much from me I onely add this that Diana indeed was worshipt here in the Roman time and had Temples here too this inscription will witness abundantly T. FLAVIUS POSTUMIUS VARUS V. C. LEG TEMPL DIANAE RESTITUIT But this Tradition for I may call it no better that St. Pauls Church was formerly a Temple of Diana was believed by many I by no means mean Mr. Selden among such yet he is pleased to sport for I have no reason to say he was in good earnest his wit which he had extraordinary and in most weighty matters surpassing other men in deriving the name of London and conjecture being free as he saith he could immagine it might be called at first Lhan Dien id est the Temple of Diana imitating the conceit of Humphrey Lhuid which you heard even now deriving Verulamium from Verlhan that is the Church upon the River Wer Now saith he that the antique course was to title their Cities ost times by the name of their power adored in them is plain by Beth-el among the Hebrews Heliopolis which in holy Writ is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aegypt and the same in Greece Phoenicia elsewhere and by Athens named from Minerva But especially from this supposed Deity of Diana to whom in substance Homer no less gives the Epithet of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 then to Pallas have diverse had their titles as Artemisium in Italy and Eubaea and that Bubastis in Aegypt so called from the same word signifying in Aegyptian both a Cat and Diana The same may be said concerning the Temple of Apollo on the Ruines of which the report is St. Peters in Westminster was founded not very far off for though the houses be quite contiguous now yet heretofore in our Fore-fathers daies as I find it written it was accounted from London thither two miles but I find no sufficient authority in any remote Antiquity for the Temple of Apollo The main testimony worth speaking of alledged for it is out of a Monk and he too but of obscure name and credit And the learnedest man I have known this last age in England tells us plainly that in his turning over of Succardus his Book on purpose he could find no such thing as hath neither Ioannes Fleet who after him and by the inspection of his work wrote a book of the Foundation of the same Church I could cite unto you if I thought it had any better credit the book of the Bishop of S. Asaph Ieffrey of Monmouths Britain History for another Temple of Apollo against which King Bladud dasht out his Brains at Bath when he was in one of his flying humours forsooth And as the story of Bladud is antienter then Iulius Caesars or the Romans being here so doth Caesar himself say that Apollo was esteemed a God before his comming hither Golunt Apolinem saith he de eo eandem fere quam reliquae gentes habent opinionem â—…um morbos depellere Vide Plinium lib. XVI cap. 44. Caesar indeed speaks of the Gauls but we must understand that they and the Britains were the same for matter of their Sacra as well as their language their rites they came to learn here most an end if you hear Caesar Disciplina inquit Druidum illi rebus divinis intersunt sacrificia publica ac privata procurant religiones interpretantur in Britannia reperta atque inde in Galliam translata esse existimutur nunc qui diligentius eam rem cognoscere volunt plerumque illo discendi causa proficiscuntur And truly unquestionable testimonies out of the Monuments of the antients are yet extant which teach us that Apollo was worshipped in this Island by the name of Belatucadrus as of Abellio also in Gaul and Beleâ—…s or Beliâ—…us both among them and here too Hence it is that in Ausonius who himself was a Gaul the Sexton or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of this Deity being by a very suitable name called called Phaebitius and said to be stirpe satus Druidum it self is named Belenus Hence is it also that the Herba Apollinarea wherwith the antient Gauls are said to have tainted their arrows was also named Belenium In Tertullians Apologetic cap. XXIII Belinus is Nericorum Deus as Pierre Pithou reads it But where ever you find him he is still rendred by Apollo He was the Aquileians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Countrey-God saith Herodian in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. They call him Belis and worship him in extraordinary manner thinking him to be Apollo But by all means you must mend the Author and make it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Iulius Capitolinus in the lives of the Maximini tells us that Menophilus and Crispinus two men of Consular dignity willing to have it so because they knew that the God Belenus had given assurance by the Southsayers that Maximinus should be overcome Whence also afterwards the Souldiers Maximinus being slain are said to have given it out that Apollo fought against him and that that victory was not Maximus's or the Senates but of the Gods themselves There are many Vota of the antients made to Apollo Belenus Augustus inscribed upon four-square Altars which are to be seen in the Hercules Prodicius of Stephanus Pighius and also Gruter The visible foot-steps of this name are to be found in Cassibelin and Cunobelin two Britain Kings mentioned in Caesar and Dio. And the very name whole in the British History in King Belinus the Brother as it is said of Brennus ' and from whom our Antiquaries will have Belins-gate in this great City so called Perhaps also thence was Beleus an antient King of the Cimbri or Gau's conquered by C. Marius for Lhuid saies that the name is familiar among his Countrey-men to this day Now whether Belinus be to be derived from the British word Belin which sounds as much as flavus or yellow accordingly as Apollo is both by Latin and Greek Poets so called and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 frequently or else from some Asiatick original I will not stand now to determine Truly in Hesychius we read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and which I may by no means omit in Cynobelinus his Coyn Belinus is impressed playing on his harp that you may know that Apollo is meant And now when I have taken notice that the learned Peter Pithou would deduce the name from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a frequent Epithet of this Deity in Homer but I know not with how great judgement as also acquainted the Reader with the much celebrated Inscription of Apollo Grannus found in the North of Britain I will have done this discourse Besides what hath been said hitherto concerning this famous City matters gallant and magnificent enough there remain many other great and glorious things concerning it which deservedly challenge as their due room also in this place but that I have formerly wherewith
Paunton also at not an unlike remotenesse from what is set down there gives good credit unto From the Marga or Marle and its site upon a rising hill its seems to have had its denomination For the later I have several times taught out of Plutarch what Dunum signifies namely a rising place As for the other word Marga Pliny in his Natural History tells us what it is there where he treats De terra quam Britannia Gallia amat Alia est ratio saith he quam Britannia Gallia invenere alere eam ipsae quod genus vocant Margam But Camden speaks of little use of Marle in those parts he indeed tells us of a kind of Chalk found neer there in which perhaps Pliny might be mistaken for his Margu else he thinks it was never well searcht for there There is found there about also the stone called from its figure 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Astroites the form of which Camden describes after Agricola and others but I le meddle not with it as being nothing to my present design in hand AD PONTEM M. P. VII That it was that Town of Lincolnshire which on the banks of the River Wytham is yet called Paunton to this day our Antiquaries do generally believe For to say nothing of the distance from the two stations on either hand which very well agree with that at present the reason of the name from a Bridge for the River according to the report of the Inhabitants was here in old time joined with the Bridge cleerly evinceth the matter in hand not to say that pavements of the Romans of Musive Work are sometimes digged up here Wherefore Aldus his Edition of Antoninus may be observed where ye find it falsly printed Ad Pontum Josias Simlerus in his Scholia upon Antoninus would have this Town to have been otherwise called Pons Aelii where sub Duce Britanniarum Tribunis Cohortis I. Cornaviorum kept his Guard which Station being long before first appointed by Hadrian the Emperour was to be sought far away off by the Vallum Him yet our Harrison follows who hath described unto us Britain in English William Fulk would have it to be rather Boston that is S. Buttolphes Town in this same Shire though the Itinerary account do wholly reclaim and gainsay it as being neerer to the Eastern Sea CROCOCALANA M. P. VII In the diverse readings collected to Antoninus there is Crorolana set down which in very deed signifies nothing and might a great deal better have been quite left out In Antoninus that Town is called so which at this day is Ancaster nothing but a long street upon the Military High-way At the entrance from the South our Antiquarie saith he saw a Trench and it is evident that there was a castle about there The British or old name may seem to have been taken from the situation for it lies under the side of an hill and Cruc Mâ—…ur with the Britains doth signify magnum collem or a great Hill as Cruc Occhidient doth a Western Hill as we are taught by Giraldus Cambrensis and Ninnius very antient Writers But what shall we do then with Colana Camden our Antiquary knew not neither have we time to think of it as we should if we truly understood the meaning of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Ptolemy in the North of Britain we should also better know this In this Town the Roman coyns keep up the Memory of Antiquity therein besides the vaults under ground sometimes opened to say nothing of the site by the Praetorian Causey or High-way and due distance between it and Lindum or Lincoln William Harrison saith Ancaster hath been a great thing for many square and coloured pavements vaults and arches are yet found and oft laid open by such as dig and plow in the fields about the same and among these one Vresby or Roseby a Ploughman did erd up not long since a stone like a trough covered with another stone wherein was great abundance of the aforesaid Coynes The like also was seen not fourty years ago about Grantham LINDUM M. P. XII Camden from the foregoing Station seems to have read the distance to Lindum XIV miles and that where he speaks of Ancaster where the foregoing Station had its being Something is said and perhaps more then enough concerning this Lindum in the former Journey Finis Itineris VI. Britanniarum BRITTANNIARUM ITER VII Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana * CXV ITER A REGNO LONDINIUM M. P. XCVI sic * * CXVI 96.  CLAUSENTUM M. P. XX.   VENTAM BELGARUM M. P. X.  Gelleu CALLEVAM ATREBATUM M. P. XXII Gall.  PONTES M. P. XXII   LONDINIUM M. P. XXII  THis seventh Journey is from Regnum in Hantshire to London Hierom Surita speaking of which confesseth indeed that the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Regni were a people of Britain bordering upon the Atrebatri and Cantii whose chief City was Noviomagus but that by this Regnum it is to be understood I can by no means hold with him Camden resolves the business very well where he makes the Midland of this shire to belong to the Belgae as he doth the more Maritime to the Regni That therefore this Regnnum belonged in old time to the Regni is most plain the reliques of the one name still remaining in the other Our Ancesters called it Regnewood or Ringwood it seems for the Store of wood thereabout In Doomesday book it is written Rincewed CLAUSENTUM M. P. XX. Opposite to the Isle of Wight in Southampton Port of Haven called of old by Ptolemy Trisantonis fluvii ostium from Traithanton as I think saith our great Antiquarie that is Aestuarâ—…um Anton. By the same name almost it is called by Ninnius Trahannoni ostium The river that runs into it at this day called Test in former ages in the Saints lives is named Ierstan and formerly that it was Ant or Anton Antport Andover and Hanton Towns lying thereon seem in a manner to perswade Sofar are we from believing that it was so named from Hammon the Roman whom our British History fables to be slain hereabout by Arviragus as do also all such as follow and admire it Not far from this southampton was Clausentum here placed which appears by its distance from Regnum as also on the other fide from Venta or Winchester and as of old time it was called Antoni Aestuarium so Clausentum signified in British the Port Entum which as I am told signifies as much as in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth mean They that make any wonder at this let them also look into Dooms-day-book where they shall expresly find Hantscyre and Hentscyre from whence the Town from the Southernly situation is at this day Southanton It was seated especially where S. Martha's fields now are What rubbish ruines of Walls and Trenches Camden was shewed there by an old Castle himself will best
esteemed of which contains under ANTONINUS AUGUSTUS his Name the waies and Iourneys of all the Provinces of the Roman Empire which yeildeth to us an income of so wonderfull Profit that it affords most clear light to Strabo Pomponius Mela Pliny most excellent Authors in the explication of the whole World as it were in great darkness So far Robert Talbot Out of the Preface of the famous man Andrew Schot set before Antoninu's Edition of Surita at Coleyn M. DC IX Rutilius Numatianus afforded us his Itinerary in Elegiack Verses but Antonius or whether he is Antoninus Augustus in bare name which in a Land Journey and military way and march the Roman Captains made use of of which kind we see some in Italy and fewer in Spain used by Passengers where at this day they are carried on horses which are appointed for speed But for Itinerary Tables which are very usefull in matter of War Fl. Vegetius is to be seen lib. III. De re Militari cap. VI. Of what kind of Military Tables the famous man Mark Velfâ—…r one of the seven Magistrates of the Common-Wealth of Auspurg very well deserving of all Antiquity lately found out in the Library of Conrade Peutinger a noble man there and also adorned with Scholia's or Notes But Ortelius our friend the Prince of Geographers set forth all of it also cut into Brass by the Printing of Iohn Moret in which kind I think nothing of ancient Monuments to be extant either to be preferred or comparable to it I can bring nothing of certainty concerning the Writer Onely thus much That this Itinerary may seem to be written by some learned Measurer of Land well acquainted with the places but afterwards who by the command of some Emperour it is likely after Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius for good lucks sake retained the Sirname and publickly took the name and authority of Antoninus Augustus although most old Books have Antonii perhaps by the usuall fault of the Transcribers whereby they often confound Constantius and Constantinus Ierome Surita a very learned Spaniard prefers this Work to Antoninus the Son of Severus by reason of the mention of certain places of BRITAIN but Critiques contend and the strife is still before the Judge Now it appears that such an Itinerary was composed for the Captains and Souldiers with the Proconsulls and Pretors marching into the Provinces least they should mistake their way and fall into ambushes mistaking the right way How necessary these Itineraries were Fl. Vegetius is the Author and St. Ambrose in his Sermon upon the CXVIII Psalm Now the way did not alwaies lead strait as at this day but wheeling about yet more beaten and safe which are called by Ammianus the Kings High-way and the Souldiers way and wonted Journeys Concerning High-waies Galen the Prince of Physicians is to be seen lib. IX cap. VIII Methodius Procopius in the beginning of the second Book de bello Persico He writes I believe that the City Strata was so called by the Romans from the Military way which they called Strata It remains that the account of my undertaking may appear for this was principally intended while I searchd forth the Notes of Ierome Surita a learned man upon the Itinerary of Augustus which lay hidden in the dark Out of John Annius of Viterbium Antoninus Pius Caesar Augustus wrote an Itinerary Now the Itineraties which we have now are not Antoninus's but collected perhaps out of some fragments of some former to which many things added many things diminished more things changed an argument whereof you have two Fragments for the first Fragment it belongs to the Preface but to this which we have in our hands belongs no Preface besides the common ones use no miles which the Italians alone do use Again the common ones make use of the succession of Townes because you have described all the Journeys of the World in all Nations which succession of Townes is without miles whence it appears that Florence was not in the time of Antoninus by which it appears that these vulgar Books are not all of Antoninus but that there is a great corruption of the Book by men in after times through addition and diminution procured by private mens doings Out of John Leland Antiquary under Henry the eighth Antoninus lived in the times of Constantine the Great for he mentions Constantinopolis Dioclesianopolis Maximinopolis so unlikely it is that Antoninus the Emperour wrote the Itinerary which goes about commonly in his name Out of the excellent Doctor Usher in his learned Book which he hath Intituled De Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Primordiis pag. 78. Hence also in the Itinerary to which the ordinary Books give the title of Antoninus Flodoardus of Aethicus but the old MS. of Scotus Roma Romani Hence came those words Russian Rumney used by the old Britains and others Tantum aevi longinqua valet mutare vetustas Great alterations grow by length of Time Out of William Harrisons second Edition in the same place A LIMITE ID EST A VALlo praetorio usque M. P. CLVI sic ABramenio Corstopitum M. P. XX. Vindomora M P. IX 5. Viconia M. P. XIX Vinovia Vinovium Cataractoni M. P. XXII Isurium M. P. XXIV 8. Eburacum legio VI. Victrix M. P. XVII Derventione M. P. VII Delgovitia M. P. XIII Praetorio M. P. XXV ITEM A VALLO AD PORtum Ritupis M. P. CCCC LXXXI 491. sic Ablato Bulgio castra exploratorum M. P. X. 15. alias a Blato Lugu-vallo M. P. XII alias a Lugu-valio Cairletl Voreda M. P. XIV Wrderad Brovonacis M. P. XIII Bravoniacis Burgham Verteris M. P. XX. 13. Wharton Lavatris M. P. XIV Lowthier Cataractone M. P. XVI Caturractonium Grynton Gritobrioge Isuriam M. P. XXIV Isoriam Eburacum M. P. XVIII Eboracum Calcaria M. P. IX Cacaria Helcaster Camboduno M. P. XX. Camborough Mammuncio M. P. XVIII Manucio Standish Condate M. P. XVIII 39. Deva legio XXIII CI. M. P. XX. Bovio M. P. X. 44. Bonio Mediolano M. P. XX. Rutunio M. P. XII Urio Conio M. P. XI Viroconium Uxacona M. P. XI Penno-Crucio M. P. XII Etoceto M. P. XII Utoxeter Utceter Touceter Mandues Sedo M P. XVI Mansfield Venonis M. P. XII Colewestford Bever Wansford Benna venta M. P. XVII Banna venta Lactorodo M. P. XII Lactodoro Maginto M. P. XVII 12. Magiovintum Stonystratford Duro-Cobrivis M. P. XII Dunstable Vero-Lamio M P. XII S. Albans Sullomacis M. P. IX Barnet Shelney between S. Stephens and Ilshe Longidinio M. P. XII Londini London Noviomago M. P. X. Leusham Vagniacis M. P. XVIII Maidston Durobrovis M. P. IX Duroprovis Rochester Durolevo M. P. XVI 13. Sittingborne Talb. Duror-Verno M P. XII Droverno Duroverno Durarvenno Darverno Ad portum Ritupis M. P. XII ITEM A LONDINIO AD portum Dubris M. P. LVI 66. sic Dubobrus M. P. XXVII Durobrovis Durobrius Durarvenno M. P. XV. 25. Ad portum Dubris M. P. XIV Dover haven ITEM A LONDINIO AD
too I have acquainted the Reader in more then one place confined my self to the limet and bound of a certain set time while the Romans exercised their power and bore sway here in the Island I have all along for that space been very scrupulous and circumspect what authorities I made use of Hence it is that where I found not sufficient proof for what I met with were it never so specious for the honour and interest of Britain I rejected it as unvalid As where Constantine the Greats birth place is assigned to be London and that by no mean Authors among whom is William Stephanides or Fit-stephen an Author who above 400 years ago wrote the Description of the City of London in Latin a very learned man for that age whose Book though it be of late left out of the Catalogue of his works by Ioannes Pitseus yet is he mentioned with good credit by as antient a Writer and better thought of than he Ranulph of Higden in his Polychronicon Lib. 11. cap. 25. Neither for some stately structures in London and else-where could I bring my belief to fancy him for the founder who is commonly delivered and believed so I here intend especially Iulius Caesar said to be the builder of the Tower and other stately Edifices abroad of which the same last cited Author in the same work thus Habet he speaks of this flourishing City ab Oriente arcem Palatinam maximam fortissimam cujus area muri à fundamento profundissimo exurgunt ceâ—…to cum sanguine animalium temperato I could seriously with that that piece were better mended in the hands of men or at least better understood then I presume it is by the Translation thereof published in the last large edition of Stowes Survey of London I have somewhere given free way to conjecture giving it where authority of Writers was wanting equal strength especially if the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 thereof required it so As I think we may in that ingenious one of our learned Antiquary Camden who conceives that the great stone pitcht in Canning-street did answer to the Miliarium Aureum in Rome and this the rather perswaded him to believe it because the antient thorow-fare of the City passed here as may be collected from the Watling-Street to the end of which this is neer joined And then will the distance between Verulamium and London set down XXI miles in Antoninus very well suite if we withall reckon to this great stone and consider too that S. Albans is so much on this side Verulamium accounting it but twenty miles thither at this day and those but very short ones I have spoken formerly enough I suppose concerning the Miliarium Aureum Neither am I yet satisfied about an antient Law concerning it of Macer or as other Editions call him Martianus Mille passus non à miliario urbis sed à continentibus aedificiis numerandi sunt For that Gloss or Scholion which to miliario urbis some doe annote 〈◊〉 doth in my apprehension do nothing For Plutarth and other good Authors seem to say otherwise whom the diligent Readers may peruse at their leasure I cannot think therefore of any thing else proceeding from the Romans times here or Equavous to their greatness in so great a decay of antient memories except it be the Thames which as it hath exceeded the original of this brave place in time and being so deserves it to have a few words spoken of it Having therefore brought first a very pertinent place out of Tacitus which I cannot well let pass me here concerning the Rivers up and down Britain and consequently the Thames as the chiefest among them I shall have done in few words Naturam Oceani atque aestus neque querere â—…ujus operis est ac multi retulere â—…um addiderius nusquam latius dominari mare multuâ—… staminum â—…c atque illue ferre nec littore teâ—… accrescere ac rescrberi sed â—…ere penitus atque ambire etiam jugis atque montibus inseri velâ—… 〈◊〉 sâ—… Now because it is not the fashion in these daies for all English Gentlemen to understand Latin either through the ridiculous fondness of the Parents or the easily palpable ignorance of the Masters or the Teachers who if he be thought well of he is like the German Priest in the story Sacerdos indeed but non ad Grammaticam for such I say I bring the interpretation thereof and that by a Gentleman too whose various and profound learning the proudest and most fastidious Sir need not think if he were wise any whit a disgrace to him Thâ—… thâ—…n he To examine the nature of the Ocean and tides pertaineth not to this work and many have done it before One thing I will adde and may safely avouch that the Sea no where in the world rangeth and ruleth more freely carrying by violence so much River water hither and thither and is not content to flow and to ebb so far as the banks but inserteth and windeth it self into the land shooting into the mountains and cliffs as to his own channel Ninnius the old British Historian I remember calls this River and the Severn duo brachiatoria Britanniae I am sure of this last it may be said what the antients did of Euphrates Britanniam sâ—…t rigâ—… and that for more then fourscore miles more then threescore of which it 〈◊〉 and flows twice in â—…ur and twenty hours Iulius Caesar is the very first that makes mention of it calling it Thamesis By Dio lib. 40. it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ptolemies Copies are very much corrupted For in some of them you shall have Iamissa put for this River In the edition of Ioannes Noviomagus I find Hymensus set down In the Palatine MS. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi Imensae aestuarium and so heretofore Petrus Bertius published it in his Geography Curtius Pichena a learned Italian in his Notes hath restored the name of Thames there reading it thus out of the Florentine Copy Visam speciem in aestuario Thamesae notam esse subversa coloniae And as the name of this goodly River is thought to be well restored to Tacitus so is it by the authority of the best written books to be obliterated out of our Gildas as hath been formerly shewed Caesar observes that this River was fordable in one place only which some think was at Kingstone others at Windsor others and they more probably at Coway-stakes by Oatlands Of them hear what Beda saith Quarum vestigia sudium ibidem usque bodie visuntur videtur inspectantilus quod singulae earum ad modum humani femoris grossae circumfusae plumbo immobiliter hareant in profundum fluminis infixae The same forenamed learned Geographer Cluverius finds fault with Caesar for that he sets down the Thames to be A mari circiter millia passium LXXX
the very midst and heart of the land as by all Writers and by the Topography thereof it doth appear and upon the great Rode-way called the Foss as Ranulph Higden affirmeth which goeth from the South into the North which begins at Totness in Devonshire and endeth at Catness in the utmost part of Scotland It is situated in a most rich delicate and pleasant soyl and a delicious air and whether you respect health or wealth pleasure or profit it is in this place afforded To parallel it with other Cities is not my purpose but had it a Navigable River whereby it might have trading and commerce it might compare with many of no mean rank For the antiquity thereof I shall speak what I have either read or found in the best and most approved Writers That this was a City in the Britains time before the comming of the Romans I should conjecture by the name thereof set down by Ninnius in his Catalogue of Cities viz. Caer Lerion that is the City upon Leir What the name was in the Romans time I must assent unto Master Camden Clarencâ—…ux his opinion who taketh it to be Ratae induced thereunto first by the situation thereof upon the said great Rode-way called the Foss the distance from Bennones and Vernomet agreeing so justly with the Emperour Antonine in his Itinerarium and a peice of the name yet remaining in that old long Ditch and rampier called Radikes That this his assertion should stand probable and true and that this was a great Roman Station these Roman Antiquities here found and affirmed will give strength and confirmation First the antient Temple here dedicated to Janus which had a Flamen or High Priest here resident in which place great store of bones of beasts which here have been sacrificed have been digged up and found and the place yet called thereof the Holy bones which all Histories do agree to have been here and surely was the foundation of the Romans as appeareth by their God Janus Bisrous to whose honour the first Temple was built in Rome by Romulus and Tatius or â—…s others say Numa Pompilius in a place called Argiletum and not founded by that feigned King Leir to the honour of Janus as Geffrey of Monmouth and of later daies John Harding and John Reut of Warwick will have it which how fabulous and improbable it is any ordinary capacity may conceive in that it is known to all that Janus was not adored or thought of ever of any but the Romans And this King Lier died at least three hundred years before Rome was built as by their own Chronology and Computation will appear But this and many such improbabilities and contradictions will easily convince this forged History of Brute and of his progeny Next the many Roman Antiquities here found their Medaglies and Coyns in great abundance both in silver and Copper of Vespasian Domitian Trajan Hadrian Antonine and others which I my self have seen and have of them And within these ten years neer unto the Town somewhat deep in the ground was found a piece of Work of stone arched over the stones very small about an inch long and half an inch broad and thick finely joined together with a thin morter It was in length about five or six yards in breadth about four the roof covered with a square kind of quarry with small Earthen Pipes therein This I guess to be a Stouphe or hot-house to bath in for as Vitrivius writeth the Romans growing to the excesse of riotousnesse and excesse through the abundance of their wealth used these kinde of Bathes in a wantonness to purge and clarifie themselves All this hitherto hath been transcribed out of the exact Description of Lestershire so far as it conduced to my present drift and institutum We shall also do the like in what followes to the next Station If we had known that the places about Lester had abounded with Ferne we would presently have concluded that the name RATAE had been from RATIS which Dioscorides saith in the old Gallick Tongue and so consequently in that of the Britains signified just as much The good Readers I hope will excuse this observation who also know that lame men though they be never so much 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 yet they cannot conveniently be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Being bad for any discovers though never so studious and desirous thereof Let those tell us here of Rateford in Nottinghamshire or Rutland look well to their Arguments why they do it VEROMETUM M. P. XIII Master William Burton the restorer of his own Country and the antiquities thereof in his exact description of Lestershire pag. 62. Burrow antiently called Erdburrow standing neer to the confines of Rutlandshire Master Camden doth conjecture that this place should be that Vernometum mentioned by Antonine the Emperour in his Itinerarium by reason of the true distance between Ratae and Vernometum And his words be these the name of Burrow also that it hath at this day came from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which in the Saxon Tongue signifieth a place fortified and under it is a Town called Burrow belonging to an old Family of Gentlemen so surnamed But that which maketh most for the proof in that very place there riseth up an Hill with a steep and upright ascent on every side but South-eastward in the top wherof appear the express tokens of a Town destroyed a double Trench and the very Tract where the Walls went which inclosed about 18. Acres within at this day it is arable ground and in nothing so famous as in this that the Youths dwelling neer thereto were wont yearly to exercise themselves in wrestlings and other sports in this place And out of the very name a man may conjecture that there stood some great Temple of the Heathen Gods for the word Vernometum in the old Gauls language which was the same with the old Britains tongue signifieth as much as a great Temple as Venantius Fortunatus in his first book of his Songs doth shew writing of Vernometum a Town of Gaul in these verses Nomine Vernometum voluit vocitare vetustas Quod quasi fanum ingens Gallica lingua sonat Of old the place they Vernomet did name Which signifies among the Gauls a Fane In elder times this place they termed by the name of Vernomet which sounds in the language of the Gauls as much as a Temple great Thus far the diligence and the great ornament of his Countrey William Burton Esquire of Linley who though now with God hath left the heir of his vertues as well as other fortunes Cassibbelaun Burton Esquire MARGIDUNUM M. P. XIII Where Lincolnshire borders upon Liecestershire there stands Beâ—…vior or Beauvior Castle not far from whence as our great Antiquary thought stood the Roman Station Margidunum in old time in a most pleasant and fruitful Soyl. This the distance from Vernometum to which it stands next in Antoninus having Ad Pontem or
materiall and remote from vulgar observation where certainty is to be hoped he discovers and determines where it is only to be wished he guesseth so luckily and yet so modestlie that â—…ou will not readily conclude whether more to admire the Man or his Fortune Proceed then in Your faire Journey The Waies are now again repaired and paved as once by that excellent â—…mperour Trajane Bushes and Brambles rooted up and removed unfordable Rivers supplied with Bridges Fens dreined Causies cast up in Valleys the inaccessable ascent of Hills made easie by winding Pathes which declining the Desert and wast â—…ountry lead you through the best inhabited and remarkable places of the Nation And wheresoever you find the ruined Fragments of a Military Station Temple Bath Urne or Altar and raise your thoughts to the contemplation of their Originall use and beauty pay a thankfull acknowledgment to this worthy Peâ—…son from whom you received the happy occasion Who is there among us that doth not reverence the Roman Name Who is there that bears not an indulgent fondnesse to his native Country This Book then can want no recommendation to the Gentry of this Island since no man though of ordinary condition would be thought either illiterate or unnaturall Which I presume to say in the behalf of this Reverend Gentleman whose death prevented a more solemn Preface Farewell A Catalogue of such Authors as are cited in this Commentary A. ABbo Floriacensis 200 Adam Bremensis 95 Abulseda 28 Ado Viennensis 104 Aethicus 4 Aelianus 956 Agathias 28 Agellius 62 141 G. Agricola 215 Alciatus 12 133 Ammianus Marcellinus 2 9 11 17 20 22 29 35 39 49 50 51 69 78 85 87 105 106 115 122 164 187 189 259 Ambrosius 3 8 133 189 222 Anastasius Sinaita 174 Io. Annius 133 Anonymus editus a Valesio cum Am. Marcelline 16 Appianus 34 57 101 187 189 Apollonius Rhodius 56 Apuleius 49 Aristides 40 101 114 125 Aristoteles 18 119 259 Arnobius 51 Asserius Menevensis 24 202 Athanasius 86 166 167 Athenaeus 9 154 221 Avienus 188 Ausonius 21 22 133 170 Austine 4â—… 48 50 100 131 B. Rog. Bacon 5 Balaeus 1 129 168 207 223 Herm. Barbarus 18 Mart. Barletius 71 Baronius 5 81 111 199 Barthius 44 6 Basilins 189 Beda 12 23 25 34 43 53 85 88 90 103 104 105 109 110 111 122 123 128 130 131 145 174 179 185 201 202 205 223 262 265 Henr. Benedictus Altissiodorensis 117 Phil. Bergomensis 168 Phil. Barterius 85 Gotcel Bertinianus 25 Pet. Bertius 42 212 Binius 166 Bodinus 220 H. Bradshaw 129 Breviarium Theodsii 12 196 Breviarium ad Valentin 11 Barn Brissonius 10 40 64 Christ Browerus 168 214 G. Buchananus 4 10 105 106 117 146 196 207 209 238 I. C. Bulengerus 222 Guil. Burtonus 121 140 213 214 C. JUl Caesar 2 7 11 14 32 38 63 92 125 133 140 144 146 147 148 151 157 161 170 173 174 175 177 189 224 225 235 244 Io. Cajus 1 220 223 228 Leon. Calcondylas 174 Callimachus 261 Cambdenus 1 17 19 25 36 46 65 68 105 110 111 118 121 122 126 130 134 135 138 139 142 144 153 163 169 171 172 176 180 187 202 203 205 206 211 212 217 228 229 230 238 240 242 245 246 247 264 Camers 25 Ang. Capellus 229 Hier. Capugnan 9 Iul. Capitolinus 171 Lud. Carrio 151 Is. Casaubonus 32 33 35 86 114 126 196 Mer. Casaubonus 33 101 180 Catullus 10 Censorinus De die natali 51 Iac. Chiffletius 13 N. Choniates 941 00 146 Ioh. Chrysostomus 32 33 121 Alph. Ciaconius 24 Cicero 2 8 31 38 160 187 Claudianus 2 44 66 98 99 108 133 220 Claverius 76 80 P. Cluverins 14 133 174 Clemens Romanus 2 187 Codex Theodosii 72 107 122 166 230 Constantinus De Administrat Imperii 40 De Themat 115 Cooper 222 223 Rob. Cornalis 18 Cujacius 40 116 218 Cuspinianus 4 D. DElrio 25 Th. Dempster 14 Digestum 65 Dio Cassius 15 31 63 64 65 67 68 69 73 75 97 98 125 158 161 164 232 Dionysius Periegetes 205 Dioscorides 171 205 Donatus 73 Doomsday-book 66 Douza 154 Lat. Pacatus Drepanus 107 108 E. EAdmerus 187 Sir Thomas Eliot 176 223 Const. le Empereur 29 Erasmus 185 201 Ernstius 95 172 Ethelwerd's Cron. 25 33 194 Eumenius Rhetor 100 101 163 Eusebius 83 104 166 Eustathius 10 115 117 Eutropius 104 105 F. PEt. Faber 87 Fabricii Roma 183 Faganus 83 Festus 28 51 71 72 143 Io. Fleet 170 Flodoardus 6 Franc. Floridus 151 Luc. Florus 14 16 57 171 235 Floyd descript Brit. 27 Steph. Forcatulus 73 Fordon 103 Venant Fortunatus 168 214 Fragmenta a Fulvio Ursino edita 115 Marq. Freherus 141 Frontinus 62 231 Guil. Fulk 41 118 129 134 202 206 241 242 248 G. GAlfrid Monumethensis 21 24 60 94 105 116 147 157 170 171 199 205 212 Guil. Gameticensis 224 Gennadius 168 Geographus Nubiensis 28 189 Gervasius Tilburiensis 202 Gesner 223 Gildas 13 111 174 218 254 Giraldus Cambrensis 61 96 Lil. Giraldus 5 Glossarium vet 232 Godwin 84 251 266 Goltzius 56 Goropius Becanus 133 207 Iac. Gothofredus 32 104 Ioh. Gravius 28 Gratius Faliscus 219 Nic. Gregoras 157 Gregorius 61 Gruterus 42 171 Gunterus 133 H. IOh. Harding 213 Harrisons descrip Brit. 25 37 56 61 83 91 119 129 131 166 176 177 216 220 225 254 260 Hegesippus 2 189 Heliodorus 56 Paulus Hentzer 162 Const. Hermenopulus 32 104 Hermolaus Byzantinus 146 162 170 207 Hero 32 104 Herodianus 2 11 16 35 64 67 72 75 78 91 99 101 128 171 Herodotus 3 28 32 107 170 Hesychius 171 Hieronymus 3 28 29 76 78 165 Radulp. Higgen Polycronicon 95 127 172 212 Hilarius 8 167 Hirtius 39 69 115 L. Holstenius 76 168 F. Holyoke 132 174 241 Homerus 68 98 170 Honorius Augustodunensis 164 Mich. Hospitalius 18 R. Hoveden 42 95 207 H. Huntington 42 95 147 201 203 I. JAmesius 1 Th Ionsonus Botanicus 261 Iornandes 29 102 196 Iosephus 2 28 Iosephus Exoniensis 252 Paul Iovius 41 Isiodorus 18 25 Itinerarium Hierosolymitanum 9 Iulianus 55 80 97 Hadr. Iunius 16 200 209 Iustinianus 2 Iustinus 18 154 Iuvenalis 20 70 186 208 K. KEplerus 10 L. LActantius 52 70 Lamberts Perambulation of Kent 24 25 178 Lampridius 230 Chr. Landinus 97 Lazius 218 Io. Lelandus 18 56 60 131 207 212 238 245 246 Humph. Lhuyd 45 89 94 122 151 171 176 177 224 228 232 238 249 Libanius 2 189 Licetus 10 Geo. Lillie 176 Lindenbrogius 69 Lipsius 31 80 96 126 155 1â—…9 Livinius 80 Livius 132 G. Logotheta 154 Lucanus 20 225 Lucianus 46 Lucretius 51 Lycophron 205 Io. Lydius 40 M. AEMil Macer 31 173 Macrobins 51 231 Malleolus 4 Malmesburiensis 85 118 127 131 218 258 Manilius 1 26 41 239 Ald. Manutius 86 121 Marcianus Heracleota 12 154 Marianus Scotus 206 211 Marinus Tyrius 175 176 Barth Marlianus 73 183 Raym. Marlianus 222 Martialis 123 154 199 Matthaeus Westmonasteriensis 2 54 61 78 129 184 Val.
immortall Commentaries of his owne expedition yet there are a that will tell you they have seen an Itinerary of his or Description of the World in which Gentes civitates singulae cum suis distantiis in itinerario annotatae essent But because their Witness may perchance be excepted against by some being but late Writers we will therefore hear what Aethicus in his Cosmography sayes to it who is indeed an Author ancient enough as being transcribed in some places by Paulus Orosius in his Histories dedicated to S. Austin Iulius Caesar saith Aethicus Cum Consulatus sui fasces erigeret ex S. C. censuit c. So soon as he began to exercise his Office of Consul made an Order confirmed by a Decree of the Senate that the whole Roman World should be surveyed and measured by Learned men and well seen in all parts of Philosophy In his Consulship therefore with M. Anthony the World began to be measured from which time to the * third Consulship of Augustus which was with Crassus being * XXI years V. Months and IX dayes Zenodotus was taking a survey of the whole East From that Consulship of Caesar likewise to Augustus his being the X Cos. in * XXIX years VIII months and X. dayes time the Survey of the Northern part of the Empire was brought in by Theodotus From the very same Consulship also of Caesar to the Consulship of Saturninus and Cinna the Southern part was measured by Policlytus in XXXII years I. month and X. dayes So that in about the space of XXXII years the whole World was surveyed and a generall account thereof brought in to the Senate Thus far Aethicus From which relation we may deservedly observe the greatness and vast extent of the Roman Empire whose Notitia or Survey was not taken under such a time although just exception may be made against the account of years here as also in respect of the Consuls Names in both which he is fouly out And out of this very place of Aethicus I presume else I am to seek whence is taken that which I find in a Farrago of divers things published when Printing first began among us as you may easily see by the English of it Iulius Caesar used in his time to insearche and mesured the World in lengeth and breede and did make therof grete Bokes and of all the Partyes Contrays and Provinces and Wondres in him contayned and that Boke acorded to Bartylmew and to Marcus Paulus and to Claudius Tholomeus and to the grete Arystotell that went with stondynge and ben proved treâ—…e be many dyvers resonable provynges c. We make use of Simlers Edition which we conceive the best as bad as it is till such time as we shall have the good hap to meet with Salmasius his Aethicus great hopes of which he gives us in more then one place In the mean while see Baronius in the Apparatus to his Annalls Now that which here chiefly we shall take into our cognizance will be first To examine who this Aethicus was and secondly Whether Cuspinian and Malleolus and others who take upon them to have seen an Itinerary or Description of the World under Iulius Caesars name do not mean this very peice of Aethicus with Antoninus's Itinerary as they are commonly joyned together For Aethicus he is called by some Sophista ex Istriâ oriundus by our most admired Francis Bacon he is stiled Astronomus But you must take notice that they have two distinct Cosmographicall Works which bear the name of Aethicus this vulgar one which hath often been Printed and another never yet published joyned to the other Aethicus in Thuanus's MSS. but I have seen it in the Bodleian Library in the same Volume with an ancient Solinus in Parchments In some Copies it bears this Title Incipit liber Aethici Philosophico editus oraculo ab Hieronymo presbytero translatus in latinum ex Cosmographiâ mundi scripturâ In the Preface you shall find Hic Aethicus Istria regione Sophista claruit primusque codices suos Cosmographiam nuncupavit And yet Aethicus Ister philosophus is often urged in this very Book which is the same I dare boldly say which Bacon and others mention and it is cited by Lilins Giraldus under the Title of Antiquitatis Historiae quae ab Hieronymo in Latinum sermonem è Graeco conversae creduntur A Book indeed containing many things fabulous and foolish and unworthy S. Iâ—…romes pains in the translating if he ever did it The vulgar printed Aethicus whom we have now to do withall termed Monstrosorum vocabulorum auctor by Ortelius in Thuanus his ancient written Copy is called Iulius Orator a Writer mentioned by Cassiodorus as Salmasius who had the use thereof Witnesses in more then one place And this name Julius which Cuspinian perhaps and Malleolus found before their Books for they mention not the name of Aethicus as also their finding of the Senates Decree procured by Julius Caesar for the surveying of the Roman Empire in the very Preface of this Work made them as it is very likely inscribe it with the following Itinerary which goes usually under Antoninus's to Julius Caesars name For that these two peices are joyntly intended by them appears plainly by the words of one of them before cited Gentes civitates singulae in Itinerario We referring the word Gentes to Aethicus in whom you have Oceani Orientalis gentes Oc. Occid Gentes c. And Asiae situs cum suis papulis c. And the Civitates cum suis dist intiis to Antoninus's Itinerary And indeed Flodoardus the Presbyter seems to make both these but one mans work For Aethicus is quoted by him for two severall Journeys which are not to be found otherwhere then in Antoninus In like manner is Ethicus cited by the learned Welchman David Powell for Nemo contrarium saith he which is in Antoninus's second Journey And again before that Itinerary in a very ancient Copy the Preface concerning the Dimension of the Earth belonging to Aethicus was found prefixt as Simlerus informs us And in a word Caspar Barthius the flourishing Philologer of this age tells us plainly he had observed that Aethicus was the Author of both Peices Now from the foregoing Discourse all that we can conclude comes to thus much That although the Title of Aethicus be exploded and utterly cashired from having any thing to do with these Writings as Salmasius contrary to what Barthius imagines will have it yet for all that we cannot with Felix Malleolus absolutely say that Julius Caesar was the Author of them or Antoninus Pius of the latter part as most do and that not to urge other reasons because the names of many Cities and Places are to be found in both of them which had not any Being till long after their times However we being none of those who dare Litterarum
his way with all speed through Italy to escape Severus created Caesar by Maximianus who pursued him hockt all the Post-horses he left behind him in the publick Mutations or Innes and so came safe to his Father Apud Bononiam quam Galli prius Gessoriacum vocabant to Bononia which the Gauls former y â—…led Gesoriacum Zozimus also remembers the fact in his new History as also Aurel. Victor and though they add nothing about the names of the place yet others observe the very same concerning the change of them The Author of this Military Itinerary Table found in Peutinger's Study formerly mentioned Gessoriacum quod nunc Bononia But we need not seek for more Authorities of this kind nor yet too exactly urge the distance of miles between the old Ambiani and Gâ—…ssoriacum in our Antonius which is the very same as it is said at this day between Amiens and Bullen most certainly the same with Bononia in ancient times for Quod instar omnium est saith Camden that which out-weighs all arguments to prove that Bononia and Gessariacum were necessario unum idemque opidum the very same Town is this That the piraticall faction of Caransius his raising which is said in one Panegyrick spoken to Constantius to be shut up and defeated by him Gesioriacensibus muris the last Edition which I now use for want of a better hath Gessorigiam censibus muris very corruptly as indeed the whole Pericope is by another to his Son Constantine said Bononiensis oppidi littus insedere And it is not to be thought as he adds that men of that quality speaking to so great Princes should either of them be mistaken in the place or its name the memory of the Victory being as yet fresh I herefore to him the name seems changed in Constantine's daies Yet as resolved as he concludes the business Scaliger will by no means have it believed Ne credas unquam Bononiam Gessoriacum dictam semper enim eam appellationem habuit Thinks not sayes he that ever Bononia was called Gessoriacum for it never had any other name Bâ—…nonia indeed he tells us was anciently Pagi Gessoriaci as Pliny calls it by which he understands that whole Tract Qui pertinet à Normannis Belgis ad Bononiam and in which even at this day a Town remains yet called Gissore from thence the word Pagus being not oftener taken for a Village or Town then for a great Lordship or Territory Neither doth he see any reason as he sayes why we should give it any other name besides Bononia seeing it is so ancient as appears by Amm. Marcâ—… whose authority however is some deal lower which we may observe by the way then that before out of the Panegyrick in his XX. Book Notarius Bononiam miâ—…titur observaturus sodicitè ne quisquam fretum Oceani transirâ—… permâ—…tteretur that is into Britain and there he tells us also that Lâ—…p cinus dispatched by Juâ—…ian to compose the British affairs took shipping at the same place elswhere that Theodos. did so likewise being sent by Valentinian They likewise which returned hence back again to the Continent made this their constant landing-place Of Constantine the III commonly called the Tyrant Zosimus beares witness as also Olympiodorus Thebanus who wrote the History of Honorius the elder Theodosius and Honorius the younger out of one of whom or both Sozomen the Ecclesiasticall Historian relates the same thing saving that his Text is corrupt for you have there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the dexterity of the Editioner or Interpreter hath turned into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whence is the Latine Burbonia which is just nothing in that place But by this time we have almost lost Gessoriacum indeed about the ancient Site whereof there hath not been a little more ado among learned men so far are they from agreement where it might have been Hermolaus Barbarus thought it to have been Brugge a famous Mart-town of Flanders likewise Hâ—…ctor Boethius places it in Flanders but at Sluys both truly with no little mistake not observing the distance between Gessoriacum and Britain set down by Pliny and here also of which anon Our Countryman Talbot and Rob. Cornalis the Frenchman assign Câ—…letum or Callis for it but the Noble and Learned Michael Hospitalius sufficiently disproves them shewing that it was not anciently but a poor little Village till such time as within a few Ages Philip one of the Earls of Bologne enlarged it and strengthned it with a Wall Adrian Turnebus that the consent may be as little as may be makes it to have been at St. Omars in vico Soaci dicto But besides that it is a new Town as Ortelius tells us he sayes That Gessoriacum by the ancients being described a Haven Town he dare not seek for it in any inland place though there be some allusion to the same Our famous Antiquary John Leland most judicially places it at Bologne or Bononia which the Dutch call Bennen And him doth Camden follow Hence then in good time let us set sayl for Britain for we cannot stay here to dispute the question Whether BRITAIN were not from antiquity as remote as the Flood rent from the main land of Gaul Velut a corpore majore impetu superioris maris quod toto undarum onere illue invehitur as he speaks of the Island Sicily for which that it was so torn from Italy o Salust Trogus Pompeius Virgus Pliny and others do seem to have credited Albeit Thueydides refers you only to the Poets for it as if himself believed it not And U pian the Lawyer tells us That Siciliam mâ—…gis inter Continentis aâ—…cipere nos oportet que modiro freto Italia dividitur For Aristotle himself tells us that Islands neer to the Continent are parcell of the Continent But as for BRITAIN that it was at any time so separated from the Continâ—…nt the first that ever 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 affirmed it that I can tell of since Servius upon Virgiâ—…'s Et penitus toto divisos Orbe Britannos And Britanny divided from the World J. O. Whom he mistakes as learned Mr. Selden thinks as that also of Claudian Et nostro diducta Britannia mundo And our Britannie parted from the World Is mis-understood was Dominicus Marius Niger the Venetian Geographer whom Antonius Volsius an Italian likewise with Bodine hath followed Mr. Speed besides these brings one Vinianus for this opinion Upon search who he should be I found since it is Vivianus the Lawyer for whose testimony he is beholding to Richard White of Basingstoke as he is for all the rest of his authorities almost to the learned Caniden He discoursing concerning the Presidentships of severall Provinces hath these words by way of instance Anglia Gallia fuit divisa in duas Provincias ambae posteà fuerunt
of each long Finger cross the breast when both armes are stretched out which in English we call a Fathome and about that quantity Herodotus expresses it to be in the next words Passus inquam mensurae sex pedum sive quatuor cubitorum So then it is mensura pedum sexcentorum Herodotus his stadium will be of a hundred and twenty ordinary paces and just so many doth Maximus Planudes or whosoever else translated Caesars Commentaries into Greek allow resolving his miles into stadia as appears Commonly they make a Stadium to be a hundred and twenty five paces and so eight of them will be just M. passus or a mile yet others reckon but seven and a half to it as Dio. Cassius Chrysostome Julianus Ascalonita Hero the Surveyor Georgius Syncellus Suidas c. Hence it is we read in Plutarebs Gracohi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. A mile is little less then eight stadia And this shall be enough to have spoken concerning the stadium and other measures of waies if not perhaps more then enough But I alwaies think of that of Pliny Satius est supervacua dici quam non dici necessaria It followes STAD NUMERO CCCCL In the Maritine Itinerary of Simlers Edition which followes this you have but CCCCI Certainly it should be mended from hence for it is right so in that of Aldus We will here take a view of the severall passages in old time and how they differed according as severall Authors have set them down And first Caesar who had the credit first of any Roman to sayl hither tels us that not onely brevissimum a portu Iccio but also Commodissimum in Britanniam transjectum esse ignoverat circiter millium passuum XXX à continenti the shortest and most convenient cut into Britain was from Portus Iccius In Caesar's best Copies you have XL. as Merula witnesseth which sayes he according to our reckoning at this day will be thirteen leagues or German miles and much about such a distance between the shoars by Gessoriacum or Bononia West of which and very neer he supposes Itius to have been but Cluverius as you have heard thought them the same and the nearest Coast of England This Iccius in Ortelius is Sithien as it were Sinus Itius and in Camden it is Vitsan But De Portu Iccio there is extant a particular discourse of one Jacobus Chiffletius and the learned Doctor Casaubon gives us hope we shall ere long see a Discertation of the same subject by Master William Somner an accute and industrious Antiquary of Canterbury and so clear those doubts which have so long held us incertain notwithstanding studious and diligent disquisition about it The correction of this place the learned Is. Casaubon the others Father for Casaubon is nothing but a name of great learning much approves of especially because it was so in that Book of his which Strabo used so long agoe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he arrived the next day having sayled CCCXX Stad which will make XL. miles Neither doth Eustathius his setting down 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is three hundred Stadia or thirty seven miles and a halfe where he in relating Caesars passage word for word almost followes Strabo trouble us at all as knowing that he as well as other good writers makes use of the round or even little minding the overplus number except any one will say it is the Transcribers or Composers heedlesnesse who for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 might copy out 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which yet I think not Now indeed the same Strabo writes that there were as I told you before IV. passages 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which they commonly make use of going into the Iland From the mouths of the Rhene of the Sein of the Loire and of the Garonne He tells us also in the same Book that the passage from the Lexobii and Casetes into Britain is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lâ—…sse then a dayes sayling Yet admitting that whereas he sayes that the passage from Rhene and Sequana is but 320. Stadia the very distance according to him from Itius or the shoares of the Morini surely therein he mistakes himself being able to speak more exactly would he but have remembred himself For the Sein is much remoter from the Coast of Britain and Zosimus the Greek Historian affirmes that from the parts lying by the mouth of the Rhene to this Iland are 900. Stadia which resolved into English miles make 112 and a half But others make the nearest passage into Britain X. miles further then Caesar. As Plinie Britannia abest a Gessoriaco Morinorum gentis littore proximo trajectu L. millium minimum Britain is distant from Gessoriacum which was Iccius as you heard or very near it fifty miles at least Take notice of that minimum for others as Antoninus here make the distance 56. miles and a quarter So Dio Cassius speaking of Caesars first expedition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the very shortest cut is CCCCL Stadia that is 56. miles and a quarter Venerable Beda the ancient glory of our Nation puts together for better satisfaction both the summes His words are speaking of Rutupiae Interposito mari a Gessoriaco Morinorum gentis littore proxima trajectu milliarium quinquaginta sive ut quidam scripsere stadiorum quadringentorum quinquaginta In the former he followes Pliny in the latter I am confident he had his eye upon this very place of Antoninus For Dio was an Author scarce known if at all in his age Later times made us acquainted with him and with what ancient memorialls of ours he hath happily reskued from the devouring jawes of oblivion and time which soonest consume the best and noblest Monuments But I had wel-nigh forgotten the distance in Diodorus Siculus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The least cut over is from the Fore-land of Kent which they say is distant from the Continent about a 100. Stadia that is 12. miles and an half What to think of it I know not but that the number is corrupted in this place It is to be greived therefore that we have lost Diodorus his fortieth Book of his Histories in this here mentioned by him wherein he tells us he would set down the British matters or Caesars invasion out of Caesar it is most likely for in his age he lived and so the losse comes to be so much the lesse And now having after an uneven passage arrived safe in the Island let us more luckily if we can begin our journeying upon sure ground which yet we shall not doe from this very place where we first landed We must take our way then in the Inland as we see it set down and scor'd out for us THE FIRST JOURNEY A LIMITE ID EST A VALLO PRAETORIUM USQ. M. P. CLVI This first Journey is from the LIMES or bound of the Roman Empire in the North part of our Britain
account and the Gown much used among them Thus far Tacitus and so fully that I need not bring in hither that of Juvenall in his 15. Satyr Gallia Causidicos docuit facunda Britannos Eloquent Gallia Britains taught to plead Neither did the nobler sort onely thus liberally imploy their studies and endeavours but the meaner also generally had their Language interpolated and mixt with the Latine which though now left and abandoned yet there remain of it in the British those reliques that time it selfe will not easily wipe away and deface Of some words therein Humfrey Lhuyd a singular Ornament of his own Wales and Britain in generall hath gathered a list and William Salisbury in his British Glossary and Doctor David Powell in his accurate writings by no meanes deny it men as learned as any of the Nation Vindobala as this Station was otherwise named in the Notitia of the W. Empire had its being Sub dispositione Viri Spectabilis Ducis Britanniarum per lineam Valli where there lay in Garrison Tribunus Cohortis primae Frixagorum For whom why Camden substituted the Cohors II. Thracum who are placed indeed in the same Notitia at Gabrosentum or Gateshed against Newcastle not quite three miles off I know not except I say it is a light 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or oversight of his such as may well be excused But of what people these here were I must take day to tell you Neither name of the Station hath had the luck to have the right site found out till Camden came For Talbot making it his businesse to illustrate Antonine being come to Vindomora he sends us to Vandnara in Scotland meerly for some very small consonancy in the names though truly he confesses upon lesse extravagant thoughts that so we take the wrong way Pancirolus upon the Notitia would have Vindobala to be the same with Vindogladia in Antonine placed Westward in the Island far away whereas this is per lineam Valli in the North or else which is as bad he tells us that some read it Vindolana which indeed followes after in this very Notitia and is a distinct Mansion where the Tribune of the IV. Cohort of the Gaules resided Now what should be said of them both but what I remember Ortelius saies of one in a like case Non toto tantum coelo sed terra quoque errarunt The next Station is Vinnovia VINNOVIAM M. P. XIX It is not easily to be said whether the ignorance of Monkes and other such Librarii or Transcribers or the heedlessenesse of the Composers for the Print hath caused more foule faults and errors in old Writers Of the oscitancy of both this work in our hands if any other will give sufficient evidence And particularly the name of this Mansion which Simler's Copy had written Viconia Surita's written Books had Vinovia and Vinnovia as it should be Lhuyd or his Printer for Vinnovium in Ptolemy published Bimonium and Binionium from whence Alex. Nevill a deale worse Bynionum Camden Binovia and our Speed Benovium The School-boys know that V. consonant 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 are sororiae literae and of a neere soundâ—… and what to Ptolemy is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is to other Writers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Albion and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 otherwise spelt What then in Ptolemy is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Antonine expresses Vinnovia As for the difference in Gender we are to note that the Ancients pleased themselves in dealing licentiously therein yea and in number two so Luguvallum and Luguballia Tyana Tyanae for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for Lugdunum Megara Megarae for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And here we have mutuum muti For as the right reading which had been corrupted into Viconia is restored and asserted to Antonine by Ptolemie so from Antonine is the right posture of the Station recovered in Ptolemy who makes it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a City of the Brigantes For in him saith Camden it is so shov'd out of its place that it had allwayes lain obscure and undiscovered except the other had pointed it out By this direction then it seems Humfrey Lhuyd first found it in the Bishop wrick of Durham a part of the Brigantes upon the brow of a Hill which over-looks the Were not far from Bishops-Auckland which stands on the other side of it ond now from the old name of it is called Binchester In comparison of its former celebrity at this time it scarce deserves the name of a petty Village yet great store of rubbish of the old Buildings and some remainder of the Walls yet to be seen So true is that of Mercury to old Charon in Lucian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I tell thee Ferrimam that Cities dye as well as men And what appeares of it at this day being but what is left of a City plus quam mortuae as Camden sayes it was most freindly done of him to gather as it used to be done in the Ossilegia of the Ancients after the funerall fire the scattered bones as it were and reliques of its former glory Of his rescuing therefore from Oblivion and not falling into the same grave which hath quite overwhelmed the City it selfe are these Inscriptions Arguments of its out-worne splendor and magnificence DEABUS MATRIB Q. LO CL. QUIN TIANUS COS. V. S. L. M. This first was reared up by Claudius Qnintianus Consull under Maximimis the Emperour about the year CCXXXVI according to Cassidorus upon performance of his Vow made to the Mother-Goddesses But in the Fasti Consulares more commonly received and esteemed with L. Catilins Severus you have the name of L. Ringorius Urinatius inscribed before that yeare And I cannot say that all these names belonged to one man Besides this Stone and another the fairest and greatest Altar that hath been digged up in Britain found out at Coccium or Rible-chester in Lancashire there is none else extant among the Volumes of Inscriptions gathered through the whole World that mentions these Goddesses so far as I remember saith learned Camden But since his time this age so curious after the inquiry of the defaced steps of Antiquity we meet with divers This other stone was set up by M. Ingenuus Asiaticus a Decurio of a wing of the Astures a people of Spain residing here in the Roman service and dedicated DEIS MATRIBUS somewhat differently of which I can onely observe this That the more ancient used abus in Ablatives and Datives plurall rather then is not onely to distinguish the female sex but in other words also signifying no sex at all as portabus ol abus c. in Salust and others affecters of archaismes and taken notice of for it by the ancient Grammarians to whom if you please you may have recourse Joseph Scaliger indeed upon Varro quite contrary makes Dijs pro Deabus and equis pro equabus an archaism See also
illud flumen quod urbem alluit Isurum olim dictum suisse ab Iside Uro superius confluentibus Ise Fluvius à Saxonibus Ouse dictus Argumento sunt Ouseforde id est Isidis vadum Ousebourne id est Isidis aqua Si haec conjectura valet ut certe plurimum valere videtur Isurovicum aptum elegans rotundum etiam urbi nomen erit Isurovicum saies he would be a fit elegant an trim name for the City Camden does countenance this conceit of his but with more judgement and likelihood he addes That Eburacum should fiâ—…fie upon or by the river Urus So saies he the Eburovices in France were seated by the river Eure neer unto Evreux in Normandie The Eburenes in the Low Countries neer the river Ourt in the Diocess of Luick the French call it Liege And Eblana in Ireland stands hard by the river Lefny But here in deducing the name of Eburacum if I would I might wonder why Hect r Boethius the bold forging Scot and from him for I dare confidently say it Floriano de Campo the Spaniard bringing the Brigantes of Britain from the City Brigantia in Spain by the way of the Brigantes of Ireland of which in another place why they did not likewise derive Eboracum from Ebora a City also in Spain and that they had three Cities there whose names were 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 one of which Ptolomie calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hermolaus Byzantius the contractor of Stephanus Book 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is my witnesse But perhaps they never did light upon this Work for as Accursius used to say Graecum est non potest legi The Writer of Severus life calls it Civitatem by way of excellencie so they use to speak as appears in these words Et in Civitatem veniens quum rem divinam vellet facere But the most glorious name if we may beleeve William Harrison a very learned man of the former Age was Altera Romae another Rome By which saies he it was called because of the beauty and fine building of the same The conceit indeed may be liked if we consider withall that Britain was of old time commonly called Alter and Alius orbis and then shall Fboracum be its Rome But what shall we say then of France Must that be Alter orbis too because we finde that Burdegala or 〈◊〉 was honoured there with the same Title or Appellation You shall hear the Monk of Westminster 〈◊〉 dicta Altera Roma Viri civitatis diducto pulvere 〈◊〉 scriptum Dic tu qui transis portae limina tangis Altera Roma vale nomen geris Imperiale Say whosoe're shall to this City come Thou bearst th' Imperiall name farewell old Rome Scribebantur autem ibi hi versus ante mille annos But these rimedoggrill verses not Leonine as I think they are usually called confute the Monks count of time for they want many ages of it The same Harrison hath delivered that it was named Victoria of the Legion Victrix that lay there some time We want antienter record and authority for it And though Ptolomie hath an antient City of the Britains of that name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 yet it stands too too far Northerly that we can by no means deem it to sute with Eboracum Later ages after the very declination of the Empire by changing the termination of the name as next before Isuri Isurium a thing indeed very usuall and therefore scarce worth observing expressed it Eboraca as Gregory the Great or first Pope so named in his Epistles to the sanguinary Monk Augustine of Canterbury And from hence I beleeve saith our Giraldus Cambrensis Eboraca quae nunc Eboracum dicitur XII Suffraganeos 〈◊〉 c. And in his Words not far before these you have Previnâ—…ia quarta Maxima id est Eboraca ab Imperatore Maximio dicta as if Maxima Caesariensis so he means one of the five portions or Provinces into which Britain was divided by the Romans containing all they say from Tine to Humber were otherwise named EBORACA which yet seemeth not to me To have done we finde in a very antient and credible Writer Sextus Aurelius Victor who hath succinctly written the lives of the Emperors that Eboracum which is known by all to have been a Colony was a Municipium too or Free Town which two have no coincidencie or suteablenesse It is in Severus life where he speaks of his death which all agree was at York Neque multo post Britannia Municipio cui Eboraci nomen annis regni duo deviginti morbo extinctus est A Municipium was as Agellius one of the antients teaches us where the inhabitants lived as so Rome making use of their own Laws and Constitutions capable onely of Honorarie Title in the State of Rome and thence called Municipes otherwise bound to no duties by any Law of the people of Rome It differed from a Colony saith all-knowing Selden most of all in that a Colonie was a Progenie of the City and this of such as were received into State-favour and friendship by the Romans But of a Municipium more fully as in its more proper place see VERULAMIUM or Caer Municip by which name St. Albans was antiently known to the Britains And yet here too let me tell you that it was of old a thing frequent enough that Colonies were changed into Municipia and contrary Camden out of A. Gelâ—…ius instanced in the Case of Praeuestint And we may adde the Puteoli very antiently a Colony which not withstanding in Ciceroes days was a Municipium as appears out of his Oration for M. Coelius Afterwards it was made a Colonie again by Augustus as Frontinus witnesses Though Tacitus relates that they obtained the priviledge and name of a Colony from Nero. But that Eboracum was ever such a Colonie or turned into a Municipium it is not this place of Aurelius Victor nor these precedent places alledged can induce me to be perswaded Camden truly our learned Antiquary tells us that this difference of names in the History of the Emperors is not altogether so exactly observed but that one and the same place may be found indifferently called both a Municipium and a Colony which if so I judge it rather the Historians oscitancie and supine negligence then so in the very nature of the thing But to expedite and clear the whole businesse We are to know that there were two sorts of Colonies one civil drawn out from among the gowned Citizens as well as the miscellane sort of people The other Military taken out of Legions and cohorts when they were past service and settled in towns or elsewhere for a reward of their blood spent for the Commonwealth The former of these became many times Municipia or free Burroughs but the later not so it being thought derogatory that such as had born arms should admit of an inferiour
could easily believe saith Iohn Leland But it is certain out of Beda that Dionothus was the Abbat there and sent for to meet Augustine that sanguinary Monk and Pseudo-Apostle at the Synod which he called here in the Island See the whole story in Beda The antient magnificence of the place the store of ruins in former ages enough witness To which let us take Malmesburies words Tot enim superfuerant hic antiquitatis indicia tot semiruti parietes tot anfractus portarum tanta turba ruderum quantum vix alibi cernas Yet hath it nothing left of its wonted lustre but the bare names of two Gates distant the one from the other some half a Mile that more North called Port-Hogan that on the South Port-Clais In the mid-place between the River Dee runnes along the old buildings being wholy ruined and corn fields now onely seen in their rooms William Harrison and Leland relate that the ploughmen usually find as they are at Work Monks bones and vestures much they should ly so long in the earth squared stones and Roman Coyn. But by no meanes may we let passe that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Malmesbury which through heedlessnesse hath happened in his writings making this Monastery the same with the Episcopall Seat which was sometime at Bangor in Caernarvonshire and so followes a vulgar errour when as this latter was like a Colony drawn out of the former But see that nobile par eruditorum Selden upon the Polyolbion Cant. XI and Usher in his Antiquities of the British Church cap. VIII Holyoke as elsewhere also following the vulgar mistake hath Bomium But the prodigious carelessness in publishing such kinde of Authors is a business deserves the publick Magistrates inspection and severity withal if it be only the Printers fault rather than mine MEDIOLANUM M. P. XX. This very Station is also mentioned in Ptolemies Geography called by him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mediolanium whence there is great light to Antoninus in the finding out where this place was situate of old for Ptolemy makes it belong to a people in Britain whom he names 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Ordovices ad extremum Occidentis spoken of by Tacitus too in more than one place And in the way or journey which passeth through their Territories we meet with it in Antoninus The learned David Powel of Wales following some others judgement as well as his own will have it to have been Maâ—…rafal in Montgomery shire Maâ—…rafal saies he quod praecipuum erat totius Provinciae palatium Hic Mediolanum quod Ptolemaeus Ethicus ad Occidentem per Ordovices posuerunt olim fuisse nonnulli affirmant Extant ibidem adhuc praeter constantem incolarum asseverationem 〈◊〉 parentibus ad posteros transmissam quamplurima venerandae antiquitatis monumenta quae urbis ejusdem vestigia maniseste indicant Here take wenotice that by Powel for Antoninus the name of Aethicus is set down a thing whereof we have spoken enough in the beginning of this work And whereas by our Historians we learn that the Princes of Powis land had their Palace here we the rather incline to believe that this was sometime Mediolanum because in the perusal of Beda up and down we see that British as well as Saxon Princes had their Palaces where formerly Roman Stations had their situation and being But our great Antiquary goes a little farther and out of the strait way in respect of the number of miles in the journey though not of the Itineraria ratio often before observed in this work to Lan-vethlin a market Town not full three miles off in the same shire for Methlin by a peculiar Idietism of the British tongue whereby also they say Caer-Verden for Caer-Merden Ar-von for Ar-mon Lhan-Vary for Lhan-Mary and the like And this cognation in the name comming as neer to Mediolanum as either Millano in Italy Le Million in Xanâ—…ign in France or Methlen in the Low Countries he thinks it sufficient to strengthen his conjecture modestly leaving the censure touching the truth of the whole to the judicious Reader Mediolanum in Italy as the Roman Historians affirm was a Plantation of the Gauls but how later ages came to give the original of the name from an Hog found there in the foundations whose skin bare half wool I am nothing at all solicitous And I should not be troubled with Claudian's saying it where he calls Millain Maenia Gallis Condita lanigeri suis ostentantia pellem The Gauls A Swines skin found building thy Walls As neither other Poets Ausonius Sidonius Gunterus Ligurinus c. If I did not find it also so set down by St. Ambrose himself the eloquent Archbishop so they call him thereof And I might well let pass Andreas Alciatus the learned Lawyer of that City who with the first laboured and with good praise too the refinement of the study of the Civil Law he brings quite another deduction of the name Quam Mediolanum sacram dixere puellae Terram nam vetus hoc Gallica lingua sonat Mediolan the Virgins call'd thy sacred Pile According to the antient Gallick stile For I list not at all to mention the suppositions and forged fopperies of Ioannes Annius the Viterbian Monk who brings it from I know not what Leaders Medus and Olanns men I dare say boldly that never were yet in the nature of things or Becanus his foolish Origenes who makes Mediolanum to be as much as regio virore camporum delectabilis as if at first it were Meyland from the Month May. I learned a better lesson from a far later Author and of greater modesty whom in such matters I heedfully mean to follow Ego sane ignorare Origines ejusmodi vocabulorum multo malo quam ridicule in eorum enodatione ineptire ac turpiter errare This then have I to say for our Mediolanum in Britain that the name and inhabitants of it were at first deduced out of Gaul according to Caesars authority which I have more than once alledged to this purpose in this book and to seek farther is for them who have a minde intemperately to abuse their pretious time and pains See CONDATE in what goes before The never sufficiently praised Usher out of Ninnius Collection of the antient British Cities restored by him out of the several Manuscripts le ts us know that this Mediolanum in Ptolemy and Antoninus was sometimes called by the old Britains Cair Meguaid aliter Metguod or as commonly Meivod in Montgomeryshire As for other Antiquaries of the inferiour bench who swallow all without chewing it will be enough to name them for they need not much confutation such are Cooper who to Mediolanum sets down Manchester as also Lhuyd and Nevil with Fulk who both follow him and with as little heed and judgement note to it Lancaster RUTUNIUM M P. XII There are the Ruines of a very
When one day sitting alone in his upper parlour at Longnor in meditation no doubt of Gods deliverance of his people he heard a general Ring of all the Bells in Shrewsbury whereunto in St. Ceadda's Parish his house belonged when strait his right-divining soul told him it was for Q. Maries death yet longing to know the truth more certainly and loath to trust his Servants therein for some reasons he sent his Eldest Son my Grandfather being then but a boy of sixteen years of age willing him to throw up his hat if it were so so impatient was his expection Who finding it and doing accordingly as he was directed the good man retiring presently from the window and recovering his Chair for extremity of joy which he conceived for the deliverance of the Saints of God he suddenly expired And this was his Nunc dimittis Domine But neither was the storm of persecution so quite blown over hereby but that still some scatterings did fall upon the Servants of God for they suffered some grievances still among which was their being debarred from Christian interment in Churches But facilis jactura sepulcri His friends made a shift to bury him in his Gardens by the Fish-ponds and set a Monument over him which being defaced by time and rain it happened in the year ∞ DC XIV that Edward Burton Esquire his Grandson inviting to Dinner the noble Sir Andrew Corbet then Lieutenant of the Shire with divers other Gentlemen of quality that the good Baronet desirous to see the place which preserved the reliques and memory of that excellent man as good men are still inquisitive after them whose vertues they honour but finding it much decayed by the weather after a friendly correption of his Host and serious injoynment to repair the Tomb whereby the memory of his most deserving Grandfather was kept alive he without any ado effected what he spake for and promised himself to become the Poet for an Epitaph And this is it which follows turned also into Latine verse but ex Anglicanis bonis Latina non item bona Haec mihi non vani nec erat cur fallere vellent Narravere Senes Here lieth the body of Edward Burton Esquire who deceased Anno Domini 1558. Was 't for denying Christ or some notorious fact That this mans body Christian burial lackt O no his faithful true profession Was the chief cause which then was held transgression When Pop'ry here did reign the Sea of Rome Would not admit to any such a Tomb. Within their Idol-Temple Walls but he Truly professing Christianity Was like Christ Iesus in a Garden laid Where he shall rest in peace till it be said Come faithful Servant Come receive with me A just reward for thy Integrity 1614. In Agro Salopiensi Longnorae ad Sabrinam Fl. ad Piscinas in Horto Iuxta Aedes patruelis mei Francisci Burtoni Proavi mei Epitaphium Quod scelus an Christi nomen temerare quod ausus Huic vetitum sacro condere membra solo Dii melius sincera fides nec tramite veri Devia causa illo tempore grande nefas Urbibus insultat nostris dum turbida Roma Rasaque gens sacris dat sua jura locis Noc saâ—…ri ritus nec honores suneris intra Moenia Christicolis heu malesancta 〈◊〉 piis At referens Dominum inculptae munere vitae Ad Domini exemplar funera â—…actus eret Ille â—…t odorifero tumulatus marmore inhorto Ossa etiam redolens hortus hujus habet Hic ubi expect at felix solantia verba Euge age mercedem jam Bone Serve Cape And now have we done with Wrokcester and Longâ—…or the former whereof I have finished as part of my task undertaken what I have said concerning the other the great respect I had of my worthy Progenitours memory would not let me omit And I might also take my leave of Shropshire but that Usocona an old Station in Antoninus and thought sometimes to have been neer the limits thereof makes me some short stay USOCONA M. P. XI Not very far from the foot of the Wrekin in somewhat a low bottom stands a small village called Oken-Yate not famous at this Day for any thing except it be for the much frequented Coal-pits Of old time that it was Usocona written also according to the variety of copies Usoccona and Uxacona a Roman Station mentioned here in Antoninus is the conjecture of our great Antiquary for these reasons First that it is by the Military or antient Roman High-way an infallible sign in his judgemeut especially if there accompany it any proportionable distance which he next observes The equidistance between Wroxcester and this village on the oâ—…e side and Pencridge on the other agreeing with that in the Ininerary exactly confirms it so that he concludes it with that peremptoriness that there is no cause saith he our quisquam dubitet He addes then nec abnuit ipsum nomen deducing it as his manner is from the old British the ignorance of which I have more then once in this Work openly professed Nam haec dictio Y S saith he Britannis inferius notat and is it seems added to notify the Low situation And though the Language of the antient Britains endured not an X. as is somewhere else taken notice of yet the reading of the Name so Uxacona among the Romans it being frequent in old books is thereby nothing hindered at all PENNOCRUCIUM M. P. XII The divers readings in Surita are not worth the heeding Talbot first of all assigned it to Pencridge in Staffordshire where is the notable Horse-â—…air Both names as well that which was in use in the Romans time as that which is at this day seem to be derived from the River there named Penck by a stone bridge over which the Military way which being there parted asunder is in a manner thereby joined again The distance of Miles in Antoninus from Uxacona also doth very handsomely suit ETOCETUM M. P. XII The divers readings of the Name are to be taken notice of for besides that set down you have in some old Copies Etoretum in others Erocetum But we follow the most common The learned Antiquary Camden confesseth he was out in his conjecture in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of his great Work entituled BRITANNIA conceiving it to have been Uâ—…exeter or Uâ—…r which is also the mistake of William Fulk in his time Yet I dare say boldly they two conferred not notes The errour I am perswaded was the sooner entertained because of some light consonancy in the Names as if the late one had signified as much as Etoceti Urbs. But he upon farther Enquiry and second thoughts is confident he hath found it there being the karcass of an old City as he saics lying by the antient Roman High-way distant from Lichfield which is South of it scarce a whole mile At this day it is called the Wall in Staffordshire from the ruins of Walls
have stood upon for it cannot be that there are no vestigia or so much as the very ruines to say Here once it was We would gladly know likewise where these divers readings are to be found which tell us that Noviomagum is otherwise called Noviodunum We know very well what Dunum signified among the old Britains and Gauls in composition of the names of Towns and Cities We have heard also but never in Britain of Noviodunum among the Aedni in France or old Gallia for we have it described by Caesar himself and it is at this day called Nivernium as one tells us then whom no body could tell better We might also question Iohn Twines judgement and authority whom he allegeth for the straitness alwaies and directness of the Roman waies in the Island when as we have already diverse times shewed that observation to be faulty and shall again when occasion offers it self do the like Talbot whom I named erewhile to answer for the Travellers much going awry and out of his way that setting out of London and bound for Sandwich or Rutupiae goes first 8. or 10. miles wide of London to Woodcote or as himself pleaseth to old Croydon and from thence to Maidston and so forward speaks of two several waies whereof the one was via longior quidem sed per loca inhabitatiora planioraque prorsus aptiora ad conductum exercitus Haec autem directior magisque compendiaria He adds moreover that Croydon being the possession of the Archbishops of Canterbury with other Towns was assigned per quas commodius parvis itineribus ad Concilia Regum ascendere Londinum descendere inde possent Sic prima die veniant Londino Croydonam secunda Otfordidiam quae super eandem viam sita est tertia Maidstonam quarta Charingas quinta demum die Cantuariam Quo vel uno die expiditiores properantioresque pervenire possent perviam Rochesiriensem Now he saies that he means old Croydon for that neer there is shewed a place which is called The old Town taking up almost a mile in length and farther off London then new Croydon so ceking out the way for the better consonancy of the distance VAGNIACIS M. P. XVIII This is a station of very uncertain positure and therefore Lhuid a knowing Antiquary lets it pass with these words only Quod nomen hoc tempore habet penitus ignoro The corruption of the numbers of the miles is to be thought the cause of this ignorance and difficulty And therefore Talbot considering that at this day it was but â—…7 miles from London to Rochester he mends the number in his journey and of â—…8 he makes 8. reckning thus from London to Noviomagus 10 from Noviomagus to Vagniacae 8. from Vagniacae to Duroprovae or Duropronae for the reading of this name is very divers 9. which small numbers being put together make up the fore spoken number Now he takes no notice of the obliquity of the way for somewhere he saith that Croydon is not multum extra viam Cantuarium versus but so have others done Will. Harrison another Antiquary of ours complaining much of the depravation of the numbers here lets us know that in one copy which he used to better his edition of Antoninus he found after Vagniacis only VI. miles and that perhaps faulty though not so much as XVIII on the other side Talbot thinks that Vagniacae is now Wrotham a Village at the foresaid distance And he hath to back him that prudent and learned Lawyer who lived not long after him and who also wrote the description of his own Country Kent Will. Lambert sometime of Lincolns Inn. The reason why I say what I do is because upon my knowledge Talbots book was in great request with him besides that he cites him divers times in his Xenagogus or Perambulation of Kent But I could have wished that either of them had brought us some reasons or grounds for what they say This later indeed tells us that the English name is corruptly written Broteham in Doomsday book and that he supposeth that Wyptham is the very right name given for the plenty of worts and good herbs there But Camden who lately was known to have been K. of Heralds and is reputed still by many of the best K. of our English Antiquaries is thought to mistake by keeping to the old number of miles XVIII and so concluding it to be Maidston a noted Town cal'd antiently by the Saxons Pebpeaâ—…on induced thereto as he confesseth himself by the answerable distances set down in the journey there being something sounding like the first sillable of Vagniacae in the Saxon name though he take no notice of it to the Reader but say some the journey will prove enormiously awry and out of the way to travel from Maidston to Rochester and thence to Lenham and so to Canterbury And even so it may be said that to go up to London from York through Wales is no straight or direct journying if we would be judged by any Northern Carrier and yet so is all the former part of this very Journey as is to be seen And although there be who think that Durobrovis or Rochester is rather intended by Ninnius in his Catalogue of British Cities by his Caer Medwag then Maidstone yet can no body deny him this that in the declining time of the Roman power in Britain Maidstone was antiently called Madus DUROPRONIS M. P. IX This Roman station is scare met withal I mean in any antient author except it be in this Itinerary again But here also so various is the reading of the name as well in regard of the several Copies as the journeys here which you would take to be the right is thereby rendred most difficult In regard of the journys there is this difference in this second journey you find Durobrovis in the third Dubobrus M. P. XXVII in the fourth Durobrius and again M. P. XXVII That the same place is intended in all three there need no doubt to be made at all and for the two last Simler a meer stranger could say so too by finding the same distance from Darvernum or Canterbury In regard of the several copies Hieronimus Surita the Spaniard who diligently compared many of them and diverse others will acquaint you for he found Duroprovis Duropronis Durobrivis Dubobrius Durobrovis In the Peutingerian Militarie Tables you have written Roâ—…bis for it concerning which see Petrus Bertius his edition From that contracted and the Latine word Castra a Camp changed into Ceaâ—… signifying to our fore-fathers a City or an assembly of men enjoying the same rites and privileges Rofchester hath proceeded and at this day Rochester Venerable Beda conceited it to be so called from one Roffus it is not known who he was and to me it is uncertain whether ever Hence is it that we have these words in him Et justus quidem ad civitatem Rhofi cui
honoured at Triers in France as her Birth place for they deny her Britain for her Country as well as her glorious Son But the great Cardinall with others asserts it to both of them By the Inscriptions of that age wherein she lived we may gather what opinion and esteem the World had then of her for she was called Piissima therein and Venerabilis Augusta Many have thought that the City it self was called Colchester from a Colony in the Roman Time placed there But no such matter rather think we it so named from Coln the River wheron it stands as many other Towns else and whence also we find this of old time written Colon or Colun But of all we must not once think that this is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Ptolemie which it seems Surita did for first that was a City of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Damnii a People far away remote in the North of the Island then Ptolemie and other Greek Writers when they borow the Latine word Colonis they commonly spell it by 〈◊〉 whenas this is read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and no Colony at all VILLA FAUSTINI M. P. XXXV During the Romans Power and Sway in the Island this Station flourished there XXXV miles beyond Colonia but in some Copies it is only XXV It is not certain in what age for there is no mention left of it but here in Antoninus and once to imagine that Villa Faustini in Martial were meant of it will be extreamly rediculous It is thought to have taken up that ground where at this day the Hourishing Town of S. Edmunds-bury stands so heretofore though Talbot whose opinion our great Antiquary confirms by the distance thereof as well from Colonia as Iciani the two next Sations on either side Abbo Floriacensis who wrote the life of King Edmund so fouly murthered by the Danes calls it Villam Regiam and King Sigebert built a Church there an argument that it was in those times a place of good note for as we have formerly noted in severall places out of Beda the Villae Regiae of the Saxon times had still their abode where in the former ages the Roman Stations had been placed Let us note this after the learned Camden that the name of this place was in the Saxons time changed into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the same Abbo interprets Bederici Cortis id est Villa Now Bederick as well as Faustinus in the Latine it is not known who principally is intended either by the one or the other having the bodement or signification of felicity or favour we may imagine that the Saxon name doth but meerly render the sense of the Roman especially if we believe Hadrianus Junius who giving a reason of the name of Bateris the Son of Melon the Sicambrian such is the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the learned man for in Strabo it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is the Brother makes it to mean as much as felicitate favore plenus Among our Antiquaries I find this Bederics-gueord is severally written as Beatrices worth Beodrices curte Out of an ancient Diploma or Priviledge granted in the yeare M LXXI to Baldeguinus Abbot of S Edmunds-bury by PP Alexander it is called Badrices hurde But you shall see in Weever's Monuments Budrices Yurthe out of a Charter of King Knute and he interprets it Bederics Court Farme or Mansion-house Tantum aevi longinqua valet mutare vetustas So great mutations works long-aged Time The learned Fulk had noted to this place Halsted but upon what observation or what other reason I leave to others to find out But of Villa Faustini thus much and more perhaps then need ICIANIS M. P. XVIII Among the many and severall people of Britain in the Roman time the Iceni were also reckoned not only by Antoninus and Ptolemie but by Tacitus also who mentions Prasutagus their King the high undertakings of whose Queen Dowager Boadicia he hath celebrated with an immortall Pen. A portion of them these Iciani seem to have been for there are many reliques of their name in Suffolk especially Norfolk both which they are anciently thought to have inhabited Among the later of whom this Station is judged to have had its residence though Fulk would have had it at Exuey by New-Market or Hinkson between Cambridge and Walder But Talbot 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to use Strabo's words in the like case as more conversant and acquainted in these parts and so fitter to judge if he cannot have it at Thetford he judgeth it to have been at Ic-borough neer Suaffam and herein doth our Britain Pausanias Camden follow him CAMBORICO M. P. XXXV So had all the editions of Antoninus which I made use of that of Aldus of Simlerus and Surita and his written books also saving that of Longotius which had Camboritum the reading whereof our great Antiquary had rather follow for so as he saith very many Towns in Gaul also were terminated Now the name it self being interpreted signifies either the Foard of Cam for so they commonly call that River whereon it stood but Rith sounded a Foard to the old Britains or else it is a winding foard for that Cam signified also with them Which the very nature of the place seems to shew for it was set in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 at the very winding and compass of the River as Ptolemy speaking of Euphrates so that it was called Grantcester afterwards by the Saxons the name being wonderfully changed it is at this day a very small village where I said by the River yet heretofore reckoned among the XXVIII most famous Cities of Britain the Catalogue of which Ninnius hath written and wherein it takes place of London it self But out of the ruines thereof that Cambridge did grow the other ornament of the Island of Britain or if I should call it the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rather as Synesius elegantly concerning Constantinople there is no body a little more then ordinarily versed in humane studies that is ignorant thereof Henr. Huntingdoniâ—…nsis Hist. lib. 1. Granteceastria quae modo dicitur Cantebrigia the name being compounded from Oranta which the same Author in the fifth book calls fluvium Cantabrigiae Therefore this River seems named Granta by the Saxons which in old time was called by the Britains Cam. There is mention thereof in William de Ramsey Abbat of Crowland in the life of Guthlac thus Est apud Angligenas à Orontae flumine longo Orbe per anfractus stagnosos fluviales Circumfusa palus Oronta with meandring streams Makes many Marshes Lakes and Fens Camden therefore seems that he would have deduced it from Oron a Saxon word which signifies a Fenny or Marshy place for Asserius Menevensis saith he calls the marshy places in Somersetshire once and again Gronnas paludosissimas by a Latino-Saxon name and a City of West-Friesland placed in a Marshie Soyle is
tell you Whether it were the Castle of old time belonging to Clausentum I have not any thing to say the several Coyns of the Roman Emperours taken up hereabout are sufficient witnesses of its great antiquity If those ruins which Camden speaks of were not of the old Castle they were doubtlesly of those muniments and bul works quae Romani in littore Oceani ad meridianam plagâ—… as Gildas hath it ad reprimendas piraticas Saxonum depraedutiones collocarunt VENTA BELGARUM M. P. X. There were three Towns in Britain of this name Venta all mentioned by Antoninus and this by Ptolemy also Venta Icenorum is in a Ptolemy too were but his Copies rightly published The common books have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for Iceni but the Palatine set forth by Petrus Bertius neerer the truth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Caer-Guent it was called by the Britains which Leland makes to signify White as if he would say The White City of which there wants not examples and this stands in a whitish or chalkish soil as do the rest they say elsewhere that are of that name too After the Christian time from this Venta in the most antient Monks we find the Bishop of Winchester called Episcopus Ventanus or Wentanus as Beda Malmesburionsis Eadmerus and others only the less experienced must take heed when he meets with this word Venlanus misprinted for it as he shall sometimes A City no doubt it was of very great request in the Romans time which we learn from the Notitia of the Western Empire for here was resident in this place the Procurator Gynaecii Britannis not Dremtensis or Biennensis but as it should be Ventensis So the flour of French Lawyers Jaques Cujas reads it Gynaecium and interprets it to mean the Sacrum Textrinum Guidus Pancirolus who set forth the Notitia is of no other opinion who writes that these Gynaecia were first appointed texendis Principis militumque vestibus naviumque velis stragulis linteis aliis ad instruendas mansiones necessariis Yet Wolsangus Lazius a learned German in his time thought that these Procurators also were imployed in taking care and making provision for the Emperours dogs for the Britist dogs carried away the Bell in those dayes from those of any other nation in Europe Strabo gives us good cause to say so for they have his commendation for hunting being said by him to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hence it is that the Shepheard saies in Nemesian under Caius the Emperour Divisa Britannia mittit Veloces nostrique orbis venatibus aptos Great Britain breeds fair hounds Whose sents are fit to hunt upon our grounds Meaning our British Dogs Of which long before him it is worth the while to peruse an excellent trim Poem written in Augustus age by Gratius Faliscus who intitles it Cunegeticon published of late years by an excellently learned Gentleman and accordingly it is set forth in Latin by him and translated also into English Quid freta si Morinum dubio refluentia Ponte Veneris atque ipsos libeat penetrare Britannos O quanta est merces quantum impendia supra Si non ad speciem mentitur osque decores Protinus haec una est catulis jactura Britannis Ad magnum cum venit opus promendaque virtus Et vocat extremo praeceps discrimine Mavors Non tunc egrogios tantum admirere Molossos Comparat his versuta suas Athamania fraudes Acyrusque Pheraeque clandestinus Acarnan Sicut Acarnanes subierunt pralia furto Sic canis illa suos taciturna supervenit hostes Wouldst thou Morinum seek and thee 't would please Britain to enter through uncertain Seas What profit there what benefit would rise Would thou not choose for beauty and for size Both which they want yet this the Britains boast In greatest need their dogs shew valor most And will his life forsake ere he retire Not then Mollosian hounds thou wilt admire Sly Athaman Dogs with Mastives not compare Acgran Pheran nor the close Acare As th' Acarnans steal in to battel so This breed with silence sets upon their Foe This is that Gratius whom Ovid his Co-temporary thought worthy to commend to Posterity and prolong his fame in that verse Aptaquâ—… venanti Gratius arma dabit Gratius for Hunting will accommodate Divers others have highly commended our Britain Dogs particularly the Agasaeus or base Hound was had in great esteem thus described by Oppian in his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This kind though short are for quick scent renown'd Fit for a learned Poet to resound The painted Britain people fierce in Armes These Beagles breed and Agasean termes Th' are small want beauty have no comely mark That thou wouldst think th' are onely fit to bark Which Verses being part of them which the Emperour so highly prised Ioannes Bodinus hath done thus into Latine but he had for his paines I feare scarce so great a reward Est etiam catubi species indagine clara Corpus huic breve magnifico sed corpore digna Picta Britannorum gens illos effera bello Nutrit Agasaeosque vocat vilessima forma Corporis ut credas parasitos esse latrantes It should seem then that the little Beagle is appropriated to our Britain for that the Canis in Agasaeus in Oppian is so meant Ianus Ulitius who published Gratius beyond the Sea hath shewn to us against Iohn Caius who some age ago set forth a book De canibus Britannicis The old gallant Poet Claudian lets not our Mastives pass unspoken of in that Verse Magnaque taurorum fracturae colla Britannae Britain breeds Dogs can break the Neck of Bulls Neither were they others then our Mastives which are mentioned by Syâ—…achus in his Epistles although they be tearmed by him Canos Scotici which he makes his brag of at Rome and which he sayes were shewed at the Circensian Games to the great wonder of the people that looked upon them who could not think them brought thither otherwise then in Iron Cages In this City as our own Historians relate was that Monk Constans in the Roman time whom his Father Constantinus who had put on the Purple against Honorius out of a meer conceit and confidence of his own name had designed first to be Caesar and afterward Augustus For for a good while before this as Zosimus hath it speaking of that very time the Monks had frequent Colledges as well in Cities as Country Towns who lived before lurking up and down and haunted Mountains Woods and solitary places forlorn whence also they had their name Now those ancient remainders of Walls which are yet to be seen of such a thickness and lastingness at the Western-door of the Cathedrall seem to have been the ruines
palatio fecit diaetas nominis Mammaae quas imperitum vulgus Ad Mammam vocant Servius the Enarrator of Virgil Porticum Augustus fecerat in qua simulacra omnium gentium conlocaverat quae porticus appellatur Ad Nationes Certainly before the age Suetonius lived in we observe not any such Notations of the names of places Robert Talbot Prebend of Norwich who in our Fore-fathers dayes writ Annotations upon this Itinerary thought this AD ANSAM to be Catwad-Bridge in the Borders of Suffolk where Stour the River dividing Essex making a little Island which yet we know onely by the Testimony of William Fulk whose later Interpreta ions of the old Cities of Eritain we owe to the singular humanity of that incomparable man Iames Usher sometime Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland for in two Copies which I have my selfe hapned to see of Talbots Book no such matter appears to be seen Then there is a greater diverticulum and farther distance from Camulodunum then that the Compendium of this Journey can any way suffer it In William Camden in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of his great Work we see Ithamcester put for this place yet after second cares he thinks it was some place neer about Cogges-hall out of whose ruines it might seem to have had birth and increase Truly the distance may seem to perswade it for that the Romans sometimes possessed these parts an Hypogaeum or Grot with arched work opened not long since by the Roadside is sufficient argument There was a Lamp yet burning still in a glasse Viall covered with a Roman Tile whose Diameter was fourteen inches There were also some Urnes or Crocks which contained in them ashes and bones Amongst them there was one of a polite and most fine substance resembling rather Corall then red earth and had the Cover thereof inscribed COCCILLIM Perhaps for COCCILLI M. That is Coccilli Manibus Iohn Weever indeed no unlearned Antiquary saith That his conjecture was that this was the monument of some Governour who in Antoninus Pius his dayes held these places under his command that he writes the more confidently because there were found many of his coynes advising us moreover more seriously to observe the great affinity or neernesse of both these names Coccilli and Cogges-hall as which had in them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to borrow Strabo's words no small force of perswasion so that from this Coccilus the old Town may seem to have received its name remainders of which seem visibly to continue yet in the present one even at this day Meric Casaubon Is. F. in his most learned Notes upon Marcus Antoninus the Emperor his Books that Sireno-Phoenix of better Phylosophy procured it to be set forth in this manner Sometimes it was my conjecture that for Ad Ansam we were to read Ad Arcam Now this Arca was a Monument also such as they set up in the borders of fields and observed them for Termini or Limets These Arcae finales were ut plurimum sepulchrales and served to interr the dead sometime they were only placed ad siniendos Agros that is to limit mens ground Hence it is that we read in an old Glossarii Arcae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 More may be seen in Frontinus and the other Agrimensores or Surveyors of Land That Ara were antiently in Varro called â—…nsae quod esset necessarium à sacrificantibus eas teneri might perhaps have been let alone unobserved here CAMULODUNUM M. P. VI. before fifteen hundred years this was a noble Town of Britain among the Trinobantes There make mention of it besides an antient stone whose Inscription Onuphrius first published antient Coyns and Authors too Plinie Tacitus Dio Cassius Antoninus and Ptolem us But there is no small difference about the writing of the name while some will have the second syllable written by the first vowel by A. following especially the stone and sometime too the Coyns and yet he seems willing to deduct the name from a peculiar Deity or Indigena among them which Camden saies he durst not suspect But if as he saith Mars were worshipped by them under the name of Camulus then may the deduction hold good and Camulodunum be interpreted The hill of Mars so that there will be the same reason of name which was of the Areopagus at Athens The Inscription runs thus CAMULO SANC FOR TISS. SAC and the habit thereof is martial the name remaining in Caesar in that of the famous and antient Gaul Camulogenus Aulercus Ptolemy hath its name much corrupted by the strange transposition of Letters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Camudolanum among the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for so he calls the Trinobantes in Tacitus This need seem strange to no body seing that not only in him but in many other antient Authors the like â—…jections do frequently happen For I could produce many such luxations of whole verses and periods out of Virgil Manilius Tibullus Proper sins and others observed by learned men if I had a minde to it However we will not say that Ptolemy writ it so though we find it in his most antient Copies I and in the Palatine too and yet Lhuyd seems to think so while he conjectures that the last syllables of this name come from Lan which with the Britains was as much as Fanum or a Temple For saith he Loca quae à Latinis in Lan desinunt vel incipiunt olim à Fanis Brittannice dicta fuisse credo Which although it may be true in other names yet here it seems to have no place Therefore after so many Testimonies of the Antients concerning the name of this place we will leave out all fond and futile conjectures it being neither the part of a knowing man to devise them nor of a wise man to admit of them CVNO CAMV CVNO CAMV CLAVD·CAES·AVG·GER·PM·â—â—â—IMP 〈…〉 COL CAMALODON AUG On the one part you have the Effigies of Claudius Caesar The other Servius will best of all explain Romani saith he condituri civitates taurum in dextra vaccam intrinsecus jungebant cincti ritu Gabiuo i. e. togae parte caput velati parte succincti tenebant stivam incurvam ut glebae omnes intrinsecus caderent Et ita sulco ducto loca murorum designabant aratrum suspendentes cira loca portarum But in an antient stone it is called Colonia Victricensis quae in Britannia Camu'oduni and in the very same Cives Romani of this place are mentioned The whole Inscription according as Gruter published it out of Onuphrius is thus CN MUNATIUS M. F. PAL AURELIUS BASSUS PROC AUG PRAEF FABR. PRAEF COH III. SAGITTARIOR PRAEF COH II ASTURUM CENSITOR CIVIUM ROMANORUM COLONIAE VICTRICENSIS QUAE EST IN BRITANNIA CAMALODUNI CURATOR VIAE NOMENTANAE PATRONUS EJUSDEM MUNICIPI FLAMEN PERPETUUS DUUMVIRALI POTESTATE AEDILIS DEDICATOR IIII. Camden thinks that it was called Colonia Victricensis because of the old Souldiers of the
it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Legio sexta Victrix as if the title there of Victrix had explained that which ere-while we brought out of the Stone Colonia Camulodunum Victricensis when as it is plain enough that that Legio sexta Victrix is to be meant of Eboracum accordingly as it is put and to be referred which also is retained in a Coyne of Severus which see there There have been some also who have sought it at Chester the Seat of the Legio Vicessinia Victrix in Ptolemy But what sayes the old Greek Proverb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Let us hear our great Antiquary Camden instead of all It was verily no other then Maldon in Essex Maxima saith he dictronis parte etiamnum integra superstite Nec hoc solummodo expressum nominis vestigium persuasit verum etiam distantia à Mona apud Plinium à Vanonio apud Antoninum ipse situs in antiqua Tabula Itineraria probationem praestant vel apertissimam But what is the complaint of the Poet Nec se cognoscunt terrae vertentibus annis In space of time the Lands themselves not know CANONIO M. P. IX Our learned Antiquary Camden when he saw the distance from Maldon to Chemsford to be some six miles he concluded it to be Canonium or at least that it encreased and grew out of the ruine thereof if it indeed possesse not the same ground It is a Town at this day spatious enough at the confluents of the Chelmer and as some call it of the Can which if they say right this Can gave name to the old place The same Camden in the Proecdosis of his Work makes it to be Canonden quite on the other side of the Countrey only the name somewhat alluding Talbot before him had set down to it Keldon or else Esterford of which we have Fulks testimony for in his own book no such thing appears but himself sets down Coune to it truly in the antient Military Table about the place of its site Caunonium stands to be seen instead thereof CAESAROMAGO M. P. XII I conceive there is sufficient spoken in what goes before concerning this Station We will go on therefore to the next DUROLITO M. P. XVI Camden 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the learned Illustrator of the decayed Antiquities of this our Island ingenuously confesses that he cannot shew signate quo in loco this station was to be found yet he assures us and that sine dubio that it stood by the River Ley. His own words are once for all Vetusta hujus Comitatus loca semel praemoneo obscuritate ita involuta latent ut ego qui alibi aliquid viderim hic plane cacutiam But if his conjecture hold good Durolitum signifies as much as The Town upon the water Ley for there is a Village at this day called Leyton V. miles from London for which in Antoninus XV. through the heedlesnes of the Transcribers hath crept in Besides not far hence there was in old time a passage of the water whence the name of the place is called Ouldford that is Antiquum Vadum which gives sufficient testimony LONDINIO M. P. XV. What was fitting to be said concerning this I hope is enough expressed formerly to which I refer you BRITANNIARUM ITER X. Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  ITER A CLANOVEN   TAMEDIOLANUM   CL. sic   GALAVAM M. P. XVIII   ALONEM M. P. XII   GALACUM M. P. XIX   BREMETONACIM M. P. XXVII   COCCIUM M. P. XX.  * XVIII MANCUNIUM M. P. * XVII * XVIII  CONDATE M. P. XVIII  * XIX MEDIOLANUM M. P. * XVIII * XIX OUr very learned Antiquary either truly or as a matter of his opinion for himself makes the question p'aces Glanoventa by the banks of the River Wentâ—…beck neither wants he reasons to make it probable as first of all that it was the garrison consisting of the first Guard of the Morini in the Romans time and that per lineam Valli as we have the Good and sufficient testimony of the Notitia of the Western Empire Sub dispositione Viri Spectabilis Ducis Britanniaram per Lineam Valli excubabat Tribunus Cohortis 1. Mâ—…rinorum Glannivanâ—… Then with the old Britaine Glanoventa signified the Shore or banks of Venta as in Pomponius Mela we find a coast City or Maritime of Gallis stiled likewise Glanos Though in the Proecdosis or former Edition of his learned Work Bainbridge in Richmondshire be to be seen there GALAVA M. P. XVIII So absolutely were both editions both of Aldus and Simlerus And Hier. Surita confesses that in his best Copies the reading was alike Galava though Camden indeed would rather have it Gallants and inclines to think it Wallwick though in the former editions of his learned work we find 〈◊〉 in the Barony of â—…all for it ALONE M. P. XII The Eastern part of Cumberland is a barren hungry and lean soile neither shews it any thing save the Springs of West Tine in a plashie ground and an antient Roman Way paved some eight Ells broad leading out of Westmorland which they call Maiden-way and where the stream Alon and the same Tine do meet upon the side of an Hill som what yeilding are the remainders of a very great Town and Castle enclosed with a fore-fold Trench as likewise to the West they call it at this day Whitley Castle in testimony of whose antiquity this Inscription is yet to be seen IMP. CAES. Lucii Septimi Severi Ara BICI ADIABENICI PARTHICI MAX. FIL. DIVI ANTONINI Pii Germanici SARMA NEP. DIVI ANTONINI PII. PRON. DIVI NADRIANI ABN DIVI TRAJANI PARTH ET DIVI NERVAE ADNEPOTI M. AURELIO ANTONINO PIO FEL AUG GERMANICO PONT MAX. TR. POT X IMP COS. IIII. P. p PRO PIETATE AEDE VOTO COMMUNI CURANTE Nomen legati Augusti Propraet periit forte is est Virius Lupus LEGATO AUG PR COH III. NERVIO RUM G. R. POS. All that is said in this old Altar here is confirmed very well and witnessed by the Notitia Occidentalis Imperii which saies as much excubabat Tribunus Cohortis III. Nerviorum Alione per Lineam Valli sub dispositione Viri spectabilis Ducis Eritanniarum Onely Pancirolus following Camden is much mistaken when he saies that of this at this day it is called Lancester as if it were Alone for the Britains Allone id est supra Lonum Fl. much better we find it in Francis Holyoke Old Town upon Allone id est Vetus Oppidum ad Alonem in Northumbriâ or in William Fulk Allenton not far from Whitley Castle But by no means may we admit of that conjecture of Josias Simlerus Who in his notes to Antoninus very much amiss doth set to it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a City of Britain in Ptolemy CALACUM M. P. XIX Galacum in this Journey is the very same saith our Camden which in Ptolemy is Galatum or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the fourth City numbred among the Brigantes but Galatum in the one and Galacum in the other are both promiscuously taken the one for the other in Camden either through the Writers oscitancy or the Printers oversight or by both In the last Edition it is Whelp-Castle with Camden in Cumberland but in the Proecdosis of that Work it is Overburrow in Lancashire but in the last Edition as I said Whealp-Castle in Cumberland And with William Fulk it is Litchfield though quite against the Ratio Itineraria BREMETONACIM M. P. XXVII It happens in Antoninus in the Tenth Journey beginning at Glanoventa through Mediolanum Camden as we have said in his Proecdosis thought this the very same with Brementuracum in the Notitia But upon second thoughts he conjectured it to be Overburrow in Lancashire COCCIUM M. P. XX. Neer Overburrow is thought to have been a great City and to have possessed large fields between the Lac and Lone the Inhabitants do deliver by Tradition from hand to hand and indeed this place doth assert its Antiquity by several Monuments yet appearing engraven stone pavements of Musive Work Romans Coyn and the very name hard by which being denoted from a Burrow plainly expresses and argues its Antiquity and if there be any room for conjecture this is Coccium according as the learned Spaniard dis-joines it from Bremetonacum in the Notitia very rightly here the River imparts its name to the Town in which appears so many tokens of Antiquity as no where else more so many Statues Coynes Pillars the Bases thereof Altars Marble Inscriptions and such Remainders of antient State that not undeservedly the Inhabitants boast though in a halting rhyme It is written upon a Wall in Rome Ribchester was as rich as any Town in Christendome The name is Riblechester from the River as we said and it might as it usually happens antiently have altered its appellation and so that which here is Coccium may be in Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which he places in this situation that is eighteen miles which he affirms from Mancunium The name of the Aestuarium which makes up towards it by the River Ribel is called by Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in which are some Remainders of the name the Etymology of which I would you would rather look for in Master Selden where he speaks of the several Deities named from BEL. In this place is the famous Inscription wherein the Dea Matres are mentioned of which I spoke formerly thus DEIS MATRIBUS M. INGENUI US ASIATICUS DE C. AL. AST SS LL. M. By which we learn that the Decurio of the Ala Asturum sometimes a people of Spain paid his vow here Besides you must remember to correct your Beda where you have Rhypum falsly printed as well as in Ptolemy for Rippon see him Libro Ecclesiasticae Historiae 3. cap. 25. The other three Stations Mancunium Condate Mediolanum are already spoken to I will therefore refer the Reader to what goes before concerning them BRITANNIARUM ITER XI Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  A SEGONTIO   DEVAM M. P.   LXXXIII sic   CONOVIO M. P. XXIV   VARIS M. P. XIX   DEVA M. P. XXXII  SEGONTIUM It was of old a Station in Caer-Narvonshire on the Frith Menai which divided Mona the Island from the Continent of Britain In Caesars V. Comment of his Gallick War Segontiaci are mentioned as a chief Civitas of the Britains but this no where else save here I might do well to take notice of the severall readings here of Hierom Surita's Books as Seguntro Seguncio Our very learned Antiquary who also tells us that himself saw some remains of the ruines of the Wall by the little Church built sometime to the honour of Saint Publicius the place had its name from the River passing by to this day called Seiont issuing out of Lin-Perith or the Lake so called in which a peculiar Fish is bred which from the ruddy belly the Natives call Tortoch Now whereas a very ancient book of Ptolemy in this same site doth place 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Setantiorum Portum if I sayes he should read Segontiorum Portum and though other Editions remove it farther and say it was at the mouth of this River perhaps I should hit the truth at least obtain excuse and pardon from the favourable Reader For Ninnius and he who wrote the life of Griffin the Son of Conan saith that Hugh Earl of Chester built a Castle iâ—… Hean Caer Custenni that is as the Latine Interpreter turns it in antiqua urbe Constantini Imperatoris in the ancient City of Constantine the Emperour and Mathew of Westminster is the Author but therein let himself look to his own credit for the truth of this that the body of Constantius the father of Constantine the great was found An. MCCLXXXIII and honorably placed in the Church of the new City by the command of Edward the first for he had at that time out of the ruines hereof so drawn out of the City Caer-Narvon somewhat higher to the Ostium of the River that it was upon the West and the North washed with its waters which it self as it was so called by reason of its situation thereof opposite to the Island of Mona so gave its name to the whole Shire or Countrey which at this day the English do call Caer Narvonshire the same Edward the first earnestly laboured to pass his men into Mona or Anglesea to joyn this Island with a Bridge to the Continent but in vain Long before his time this was the place where Suetonius Paulinus the Roman General passed over his Army hither which we learn by the sufficient Authority of the excellent Tacitus Igitur Monam Insulam incolis validam receptaculum perfugarum aggredi parat navesque fabricatur plano alâ—…to aduersus breve littus incertum Sic pedites equites vado secuti aut altiores inter vndas aduantes equis transmisere Stabat pro litore diversa acies densa armis virisque intercursantibus foeminis in modum Furiarum veste ferali crinibus dejectis faces praeferebant Druidaeque circum preces diras sublatis ad coelum manibus fundentes novitate aspectus perculere militem ut quasi haerentibus membris immobile corpus vulneribus praeberent Dein cohortationibus ducis se ipsi stimulantes ne muliebre fanaticum agmen pavescerent inferunt signa sternuntque obvios igni suo involvunt Praesidium post hac impositum vicis excisique luci savis superstitionibus sacri Nam cru re captivo adolere aras hominum fibris consulere deos fas habebant Haec agents Suetonio repentina defectio Provinciae nuntiatur Rex Icenorum Prasutagus longa opulentia clarus Caesarem haeredem duasque filias scripserat tali obsequio ratus regnum domum
Sollicitat prensatque tenaci forcipe ferrum Nulla viam fortuna regit nihil auctor Apollo Subvenit saevus campis magis ac magis horror Crebescit propiusqu malum est Jam pulvere coelum Stare vident subeunt equites spicula castris Densa caduâ—…t 〈◊〉 it tristis ad aethera clamor Bellantum Juvenum duro sub Marte cadentum Heic Venus indigno â—…ati concussa dolore Dictamnum genetrix Cretaea carpit ab Ida Puberiâ—…us caulem folijs flore comantem Purpureo non illa feris incognita capris Gramina cum tergo volucres haesere sagittae Hoc Venus obscuro faciem circundata nimbo Detulit hoc â—…usum labris splendentibus amnem Inficit occulte medicans spargitque salubreis Ambrosia succos â—…doriferam Panaceam Fovit ea 〈◊〉 lympha longaevus Iapis Ignorans subitoque omnis de corpore fugit Quippe dolor omnis stetit imo vulnere sanguis Jamque secuta manum nullo cogente sagitta Excidit atque novae rediere in pristina vires Iapis Phoebus minion now was there To whom the God did such affection beare That his own Guifts on him he did bestow His prophesying Spirit Harp and Bow That he might long defer the fatall hour Of his old Father he the use and power Of Simples learnt and to himself imparts By study knowledge of despised arts Aeneas chafing lean'd upon a Speare With sad Iulus and great concourse there Nor is he mov'd nor troubled at their teares Then old Iapis many things prepares His Vest girt back in the Peonian guise And Phoebus powr'full herbes in vain applyes Vainely he laboures to draw forth the steele Tries with his probe and doth with pincers feele No way will hit no ayd Apollo yeilds And horrour more and more rag'd in the Feilds Dust clouds all Heaven the horse draws neer the wall Dangerous it growes shafts midst the Camp do fall The cryes of valiant Souldiers scale the Skie And those that in the bloody battell dye Here Venus troubled at her Sons deep wound Brought Dittanie in Cretan Ida found The stalke hath sprouting leaves and on the Crown A purple Flower not to wild Goates unknowne When winged Arrowes in their backs are fix'd Veild with a Cloud this beauteous Venus mix'd With purest water in a Bowl and strews The healing moysture of Ambrosian dews And with its sweetest Paâ—…ax did compound wound With which th' old man not knowing bath'd the Then from his body streight all anguish fled And now the wound no more though mighty bled The steele now uncompell'd followes the hand And strength returnes unto its old command BRITANNIARUM ITER XV. Editio Aldina Suritana Simlerians  A CALLEVA   ISCA DUMNUNNIORUM M. P. CXXXVI sic   VINDOMI M. P. XV.   VENTA BELGARUM M P. XXI   BRIGE M. P. XI   SORBIODONI M. P. VIII   VINDOCLADIA M. P. XII   DURNONOVARIA M. P. IX   MORIDUNO M. P. XXXVI   ISCADUM NUNNIORUM M. P. XV.  VINDONUM M. P. XV. The Segontiaci were a people of Britaine which yeilded themselves to Caesar and inhabited the Northen parts of the Hundred of Holeshot and their principall City was Vindonum Segontiacorum by the Britains it was called Caer-Segont as at this day it is called Silcesier The distance between Calleva and Venta Belgarum in Antoninus perswades me to what I say here as for what Richard de Basingstoake saith here concerning Vindonum of Gaul I matter it nothing nor heed it no more then what he saith concerning Sicula in other writers a Towne of the lower Germanie which he makes our Silcester in England Ninnius and others will have this City built by Constantius the Father of Constantine the Great that it was named Murimintuâ—… for Muri-l indum but elsewhere you shall have more of this in the mean while let this content you BRIGE M. P. XI Or Brage an ancient Towne mentioned by Ptolemy nine miles distant from Sorbâ—…odunum or Salsberry called Broughton neer by the Banks of the River Test otherwise it was overthrown when in the time of William the Norman all things were rooted up to make a Parke there Whether it hath any thing to do with that Brige in the third Book of Beda's Ecclesiasticall History I had rather others should enquire In loco qui dicitur Brige And a little after Maxime in Brige in Cale in Andilegum Mâ—…asterio SOR BIODUNUM M. P. VIII Besides the Frigid deductions of the ancient name of this famous Town Severia and of Sarisburia from either Saron in Berosus or Severus the Emperor of this name from the signification which one well skilled in British assured Camden was as much as collis siccus or a dry Hill for good reasons which he alledgeth I will onely add the mistake of Francis Goodwin who in his learned work voucheth the name of Ptolemy for Antonins for Sorbiodunum The rest I refer the reader to Camden for VINDOCLADIA M. P. XII Which now is called Wimburnminster It gained the name from the situation for Windugledy soundeth as much in British as between two Swords Now that Rivers are called so by a peculiar phrase or manner of speaking is knowne to all who are acquainted with the Antiquity of Milford-haven and is better known then that I need any way to tell The latter Wimburn is from Saxon deduction where Burn signifies by a River DURNONOVARIA M. P. IX This Town of principall note was called as the passage of a River and in Ptolemy it is according to the variety of copies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English is called Dorchester and there are many Emperors Coyns found there but the vulgar call them King Dornies pennies besides the military wayes which appear there MORIDUNO MP XXXVI This is Seaton in Devonshire between Dorchester and Exeter The fite in both Languages giveth the name as if he would say the Town on an Hill by the Sea In Pentingers Tables so often mentioned it is called Ridnnum but it is plain that the Book is corrupted ISCADUMNUNNIORUM M. P. XV. They are otherwise called in Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Devonshire men Their other names out of Strabo and others we are to consult Camden for that denoted the Romans residing here because it was called afterward Caer-Ruffian now it is Exeter FINIS AN INDEX Of the most memorable passages contained in this Book A. ABo 255 Actus publici what 2 Aethicus who 5. His works ib. Agasaus 220 Agelocum vide Segelocum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mutations Stages 9. How they differed from Mansions 230 Akemanchester Bath 257 Alone 240 Amphibalus the Martyr 145. Properly a Friers Habit ib. Ausa or Ad Ansam 229 Antoninus not Author of the last part of this Itinerary 6 Apollo and Diana worshipped by the Britaines 170 Apollo Grannus worshipped