there is another way more ready than this which I have long used with success it differs onely from the former in that from the cross cut the Bark is slit upwards and the Shield formed and put in accordingly leaving the end below the bud longer then may serve and after it is thrust up as high as is necessary cut off what is superfluous at the cross cut with which the end must joyn than bind it as the former There are other ways of Inoculating but these two are the best and the later the more expedite and easie to be performed The best time to Inoculate is in the evening of a fair day in a dry season for rain falling on the buds before they have taken will destroy most of them after three weeks you may cut away the binding and in March following the head of the stock three fingers above the bud which being well grown cut close that the stock may cover In placing of grafts or buds in stocks you must consider what Trees you intend them for either standards or for walls and so graft or bud them high or low accordingly as also to lodge them on that side of the stock which is most exposed to the strongest winds to prevent their being blown out or loosened When your Grafts are grown half a yard high those you find inclined to shoot up in one lance pinch off their tender tops which will prevent their mounting and cause them to put forth side-branches in March following prune away those are small and what you find superfluous cutting the long lances close behind a bud a thing always to be observed in pruning If the ground of your Nurcery be good and kept from Weeds by often turning most of these Grafts especially the stone-fruits will be ready to transplant within a year or two but Pears and Apples grafted on the forementioned stocks to form Dwarf or wall-Trees growing slowly require more time and not to be removed untill the stocks are covered The best time to transplant and set Trees is about the middle of October which must be carefully taken up that the roots be not cut or broken but before they are set you must cut off such roots as run down and the ends of those you find too long as also most of the small threds where they grow too thick Which done the ground and place where they are to be planted being prepared and wide holes opened raise a small hill in the centre thereof whereon set your tree opening and spreading the roots round about it then cover them with the best earth and shake the tree that the roots lie not hollow treading it down to fasten them Standards all know are to be set upright but if naturally they lean any way let it be towards South-West from whence the strongest winds commonly proceed these must be supported with strong stakes that they be not tossed but kept upright wall-trees are to be placed at such distance as they may be leaned to the wall and most conveniently spread and nailed thereunto The best time to plash prune and nail trees is in February after the great Frosts are past except Peaches and Nectorins which being cut before the rising of the sap are apt to dye after the knife and so stump and deform the Tree therefore such must be left untill they begin to put forth buds and blossoms Spread the boughs and branches upon the wall like the ribbs of a Screen fan or the fingers of your hand displayed and let not one cross the other leaving no place bare such as will not come handsomely to the wall must be cut off close to the stock and the ends of the small branches close behind a leaf bud and in Sommer when they put forth new wood rub off such buds as growing may deform the Tree after Midsomer you must give your Trees a second pruning by cutting away the new lances to give Sun and Air to the fruits to cause them to ripen and be well colouted The pruning of Trees dependeth much on the discretion of the Operator who is to consider the growth of every Tree and what may most conveniently be taken away without leaving the walls too bare The well and seasonable pruning of Trees in Sommer will cause them to set thick with Fruit-buds and bear plentifully and if too many cut off the smallest leaving so many as the Tree may be well able to nourish and bring to perfection There are many other observations about fruit Trees but these inserted are the most essential which together with what you will find at the end of every Chapter where each particular is described may be sufficient to inform all such as desire to be Planters besides their own practice will every year inform them Experience being the best Tutor I confess I might have spared part of this pains by referring the Readers unto two little Books long since written in French and now lately translated into English and some others good in their kinds yet in respect of us and our Climate very deficient as all I have seen are which defects I have endeavoured to supply and to make this work as absolute as I was able in directing the choice of particulars as well as the order of their propagation The French Gardener gives us the names of a multitude of Pears and other fruits about Paris but nothing to direct our choice so that if any should be desirous to obtain some of the best from thence he might easily be mistaken having no better a Guide than a bare name to direct him indeed for good fruit we need search no further than the Nurceries about London which are now abundantly furnished with many excellent varieties in every kind which may be had with little labour and small charge and in respect every one that desires to Plant hath not experience or perhaps the knowledge which sorts of every kind are fittest to be collected either in relation to their goodness the soil and situation of the Gardens where they are to be planted I shall therefore endeavor by the following papers to give the best directions I am able and acquaint you with what I have learned in fourty years practice and first begin with Apples CHAP. I. Pomum APples are fruits fitter for Orchards than Gardens yet some choice kinds may conveniently be planted in large Fruit-Gardens either in Bushes or on North-walls which ought not to be left naked these Apples well ordered will not onely cover the walls with fair green leaves but also bear store of good fruits the fittest for this purpose are those that follow The Juniting is a small yellow red-sided Apple upon a wall ripe in the end of June The King Apple is as early ripe as the last bigger and much better tasted The Margaret or Magdalen Apple is a fair and beautiful fruit yellow and thick striped with red early ripe of a delicate taste sweet scent and best eaten off the Tree
TO The Most Accomplish'd THE Lady GERRARD of Gerrards Bromley T Is Flora calls bright Beauty come Walk forth and view Elizium Where happy Lovers crown'd with Flowr's Do sit and sing in still-green Bow'rs And many smiling Virgins stand Humbly expecting your Command Here Coy Adonis from his Bed Will rise and raise his drooping Head Warm'd and Inspir'd by you grow Wise And fall no more Love's Sacrifice Yield to Your Beauties greater pow'r For you may pluck his Virgin Flow'r Self-lov'd Narcissus if he look On your fair Eyes will leave the Brook And Undeceived soon will rue He ever any Lov'd but You. If to the Hyacinth you turn He Smiles and quite forgets to Mourn The inamour'd Heliotrope will run To your bright Stars and leave the Sun Our Lillies here do make no show They Whiter on your Bosom grow And Violets appear but Stains Compared with your blewer Veins Yet to Invoke you when they bow Propitious Heaven perfumes their Vow The Cowslip Cups by Heba fill'd With Nectar from the Gods distill'd Presented is unto your Taste That Beauties prime may ever last New-blown Buds all Scents excelling As you pass by invite your Smelling The crafty Flow'rs well knowing this The onely sleight to steal a Kiss Mark how the glorious Tulips rise In Various dress to take your Eyes And how the fair'st and all the rest Strive which shall triumph on your Brest But heark methinks near yonder Well I hear the voice of Philomel Seeming to challenge a dispute 'Twixt her shrill Voice and your sweet Lute Alas poor Bird thou wantest Art One touch of Yours will break her Heart And as she falls Sing but one strain 'T will peece her broken Heart again Thus your rich Beauty and rare Parts Excel all Flow'rs exceed all Arts. Live then sweet Lady to inherit Your Fathers Fortune and his Spirit Your Mothers Face and Vertuous Mind Then dye a Saint and be Enshrin'd J. R. TO The Fair and Virtuous Lady Mris TREVER HANMER Now Wife to Sr JOHN WARNER Knight VIrtue and Beauty with kind Nature joyn'd To frame a Body and adorn a Mind Virtue took all the Graces for her guide And Beauty Love with all the Flow'rs beside Long Nature studied in what mould to cast This master-piece concluded at the last It must a Hanmer be from whence or none She might expect such rare Perfection And having brought this noble Work to view Of mortal Eyes we all conclude 't is You For Those bright Heroes would fair Virtue find Need search no farther than your beauteous Mind And if for Beauty curious eyes do seek They 'l find it flourish in your lovely Cheek And now those Flow'rs from whence at first it grew Return again with love to wait on you Deign then sweet Lady but one cheerful ray From your Fair Eyes 't will drive those damps away Which stupid Ignorance on them would cast And at one breath their Sweets and Glories blast Bless with your sweeter breath the Myrtle Bow'rs And be the Genius of these Plants and Flow'rs To the same Lady T To search the Indies for their Balm and Spice R Rifle the treasure of old Paradise E Enter all Breasts where Innocence doth dwell V Visit the Pulpit or the Fryers Cell O Or search the Sea and peirce the richest Mines R Run ore the Legend of the Saints and Shrines H How needless then would all this labour be A At our return when we amaz'd should see N Nature and Virtue had each sev'ral grace M Made to inhabit in one Breast and Face E End then our strife and in her Beauteous Name R Read all Perfection and from whence it came Madam Though you have alter'd now your Name Your Virtues speak you still the same As when th' Acrostick first was writ Therefore t' were sin to alter it TO THE READER FOurty years are now compleated since first I began to be a Planter and to dedicate more time than I could well have spared for diversion to that lovely recreation and having by the help of a long continued diligence collected all the rarest Plants Fruits and Flowers that by any means I could procure either in this Nation France or Flanders at last by long acquaintance I learned their Qualities and so by slow degrees attained to a considerable stock both of Plants and Experience and although I have little cause to commend the Ingenuity of my Neighbors or the rural Desert where it was my unhappiness to Plant them yet with an unfainting perseverance I have continued my affection to this honest recreation without Companion or Incouragement and now in my Old age wearied and weaned from other delights find my self more happy in this retired solitude than in all the bustles and busie imployments of my passed days Some years since seriously considering Mr. Parkinsons Garden of pleasant Flowers and comparing my own Collections with what I there found easily perceived his Book to want the addition of many noble things of newer discovery and that a multitude of those there set out were by Time grown stale and for Unworthiness turned out of every good Garden the love of the Subject more than any opinion I had of my own Abilities soon perswaded me to endeavor the supply of what was therein wanting and by taking away the Worse to make room for Better but after considering the whole Series and business of the Book I concluded with experienced Builders that it were better to make use of some of the best materials in the erecting of a New peice than to repair and accommodate the Old fitter to be fashioned into the form of a Florilege furnished with all requisites belonging to a Florist than continued in the old method of an Herbal and instead of old names uncertain places and little or no virtues to insert some other things much more considerable And now ingenious Reader having told the occasion and by what steps I attained to this humble degree of knowledge I shall proceed to acquaint you with what may be expected either in Method or Matter from my performance Bene docet qui bene distinguit In three Books therefore as in so many Beds have I lodged Earths Beauties each Book having a peculiar Title and each Bed a Tutelar Deity The first Book under the Title of Flora the Flowery Goddess gives you several forms and apt directions how to make plant preserve and keep both Fruit and Flower-Gardens furnished with the choicest Plants Flowers and Fruits that will endure the extremity of our long Winters describing all such as are not vulgarly known with certain and assured directions how to set make grow increase and preserve each particular as also for the raising of new Varieties not taken out of simple Books the Publishers and Retainers of many Untruths but learned from my own Practical experience The second Book carries the Title of Ceres the Goddess of Seeds and Tillage and she presents you with her Harvest-Garland made up with such Plants and
Flowers as are yearly or every other year raised from Seeds with directions for the Sowing transplanting and disposing each of them The Third and last Book intituled Pomona invites you to a Banquet of the best Garden-Fruits our cold Northern Country will afford acquaints you with their Names and Qualities and how to Plant Propagate and Improve them as also what Vines are fittest for our Climate which are the best Berries and brings you at last to rest in a Grove of ever-green Trees and flowering Shrubs informing how to Plant Order and Dispose them As for the cutting the Figures of every Plant especially in Wood as Mr. Parkinson hath done I hold to be altogether needless such Artless things being good for nothing unless to raise the Price of the Book serving neither for Ornament or Information but rather to puzzle and affright the Spectators into an Aversion than direct or invite their Affections for did his Flowers appear no fairer on their stalks in the Garden than they do on the leaves of his Book few Ladies would be in love with them much more than they are with his lovely Picture I have therefore spared my self and others such unnecessary Charge and onely added some draughts for Flower-Gardens I shall not attempt to celebrate so sublime a subject as this in hand since all the Flowers that are to be found in Rhetorick hold no comparison with those of the Garden neither will I throw away a word to stop the Mouth of malicious Ignorance the Censures of such commonly proving Praises the Judicious better Approving what they shall hear Condemned by so unworthy Judges Certainly there are many besides my self that are taken with the alluring Charms of this lovely Recreation to whom this Book may be Beneficial and I wish as advantageous as I now find such a Work would have been to me when first I began my Plantation and if these my humble Endeavours have the good fortune to find a friendly Acceptance I shall think my time and travel well bestowed since to gratifie the Lovers of this delight and to encrease their Number is the highest ambition of Your industrious servant J. R. FLORA TO THE LADIES YOu Gentle Ladies that would know What in Adonis Gardens grow Walk forth with me and I will bring You to the Beauties of the Spring First we will view the Myrtle Grove And there salute the Queen of Love With Daphne fair as when alive Clos'd in a Verdant Vegetive Then to th' Enamel'd-banks wee 'l go And as the dainty Flowers blo ' We there will pick out all the fair To make fresh Chaplets for your hair See where the Primroses appear With other * Red and blush Primroses Infants of the year Blushing with shame for to be shown Now the rare Daffodills are blown Mark in what Order they do stand Bowing their Heads to kiss your Hand And then with yellow Jealousie Rival'd by richer Beauties dye For see the * Auricula ursi Bears-Ears Auriculaes come forth Adorn'd with Dies of much more worth And fair Eyes twinckling on each stem The Heavenly Bear shines not like them But then the rare Anemonies Appear and challenge all the prize In various colours richly drest And might be chosen for the best Did not now Phoebus call to rise The Tulips to delight you Eyes With glorious Garments rich and new Excelling all in Eden grew Like the Rich Glutton some are dight In Tyrian-Purple and fine White And in bright Crimson others shine Impal'd with White and Graydeline The meanest here you can behold Is Cloth'd in Scarlet lac'd with Gold But then the * Agot Hanmer a rich Tulip Queen of all delight Wears Graydeline Scarlet and White So interwoven and so plac'd That all the other are disgrac'd When she appears and doth impart Her Native Beauties shaming Art Once did that famous * Pater Zâ—gâ—rs a Jesuite in Antwerp famous for painting Flowers Jesuite try To Copy out her Majesty But falling short of his desire He left his Pencil to admire Neer to this Queen on either hand As lovely Maids of Honor stand The * Names of fine Tulips Orient Virgin in despair And * Arch-Duke Imperial Leopaldus Mistress fair Viewing Grand-purpur in aray So Rich may challenge all the day And many more which to express The manner of their curious dress Would Pens and Pencils set at strife Yet neither render half the life But see they fade and seem to dye The Dews to weep their Obsequy And all their lustre vanish quite That lately were so fair so bright Yet Gentle Ladies do not fear They 'l spring again another year For though they seem they are not Dead Onely disrob'd to go to Bed And there secured from all harms Rest in their tender Mothers Arms. Beauties walk on why droop yee thus Look where the brave Ranunculus With Scarlet Robes appear in State And double Ruffs ingeminate Monster Puvoine Variegated From Forein soils hither translated Thrive by the Florists skill and care In this lean Earth and Northern Air. And now behold as you pass by The White the Purple and Blush Paeony With some fair Lillies that invite The double Red and double White Who now their Beauties do disclose To entertain the lovely Rose The White and Red together meet To match their mixture by your Cheek And now I find my thoughts prove true From thence the Rosa-mundi grew See how your presence makes to shine The * Names of several fiue Roses Damask and the Crystalline Marbled with varied colours spred The gallant Belgick Blush and Red. That Thornless Bryer there doth twine With the sweet double Eglantine Brings forth fine Flow'rs that do excell As well in Beauty as in Smell And in this clear and sweeter Air The Double Yellow looks most fair The Damask Province and the Red Do now appear no better spred Their folded Buds upon each stem Expect your Breath to open them That so perfum'd they may disclose And each appear a Fragrant Rose The various Flow'r of * Iriâ— Châ—cidonica Chalcedon Bulb'd Iris and the Martagon With all else blown you may suppose Are servants to attend the Rose But June is past the Rosie Bowers Give place unto the Gilliflowers Whose comely Forms and Colours fair With odorous Breath perfuming Air And Merry looks invite your Eyes To veiw their choice varieties How big with Flow'r their * Largest Gilliflowers aprest to break the pods Bellies seem Lucina aid them now they Teem Help Ladies for to hold the Back Lest that their tender Wombs should crack So now 't is well doubtless next morn You 'l see a dainty Beauty born With so many lovely Graces Matching the Tincture of your Faces All will conclude but first admire That young Adonis was the Sire And Venus must the Mother be Of those Fair Infants which you see For Children of an Unchast Mother Are seldom like to one another And mark them well you 'l find each