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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A86029	A description of new philosophical furnaces, or A new art of distilling, divided into five parts. Whereunto is added a description of the tincture of gold, or the true aurum potabile; also, the first part of the mineral work. Set forth and published for the sakes of them that are studious of the truth. / By John Rudolph Glauber. Set forth in English, by J.F. D.M.; Furni novi philosophici. English.	Glauber, Johann Rudolf, 1604-1670.; French, John, 1616-1657.	1651 (1651)	Wing G846; Thomason E649_3; ESTC R202215	318,170	477

these my writings are neither dreams nor trifles but true natural secrets For nature is rich and the earth is ful of hid treasures that which is believed by few And not only within but also without in the circumference the treasures of the earth are to be found in abundance although we know not the manner of finding of them out I will now say nothing of the finest clay sand and stones nor of the baser and abject minerals out of which gold and silver may be separated being easily to be found in any part of the earth without costs Moreover in what places there have been metals melted many yeers since and still are melted there are great mountaines of dross out of which according to are gold and silver left in them may be melted It seems as if God had by his divine providence reserved something for our good for us his disobedient children in Europe and especially in Germany being chastised and deprived of outward comforts by strange Nations for the impiety of our lives which formerly we could not in time of peace but now in time of war our enemies might use As we also by nature being corrupt use providence for the sakes of our disobedient sons consuming a patrimony ill which hath been gotten wel laying up mony for a certaine time of extream need that they do not altogether despaire to the infamy of their parents and may return to a better thriftiness and be reclaimed And why may not that most high and wise God our merciful Father seeing our penitency provoke us by his reserved treasure to a due gratitude and repentance and obedience God doth nothing in vaine being not ignorant of what he hath to do and what may profit us who without doubt seeing our filial obedience will provide for us with his divine blessing both temporal and eternal And truly it seems as if upon this account the whole Provinces may rise againe for after that some have gotten riches they may be able to help others either by lending or giving them wages for working and doing businesses for them But let no man wonder that I said that somegood might lye in abjected dross saying If there be any good in them why was it not melted by our Ancestours I answer though it be granted that at that time nothing more could be drawn out by the violence of the fire yet it doth not follow that there can no good be drawn from thence now For first of all refiners as well those of former yeers as latter are not ignorant that the dross that hath been cast away and left for some yeers in the aire hath oftentimes been again impregnated by reason of a magnetick power and hath afterwards yeelded more and better metals then before of which thing let the ignorant see the books of them that treat of Minerals and Metals for in this art there is not used any singular art but that which is common and used in all places Secondly there may also from the dross of some metals whether impregnated from the elements or no by a certain secret may be drawn forth and melted gold and silver when as before there could be none found in them But thou wilt say How could that be that in the first fusion imperfect metals could be produced but in a repeated liquefaction viz. of the dross gold and silver is produced But I answer that all imperfect metals containe in them something of what is perfect which by the tryal of cupels cannot be drawn forth unless they be destroyed and converted into dross of which thing elsewhere for imperfect metals contain much incombustible sulphur which doth not suffer a sufficient purification of them in the examining of them by cupels but causing a combustion of the good together and a conversion of it into litharge entring into the substance of the cupels but the remainders of the metal which could not be melted by that most vehement fire of the first liquefaction being by combustion turned into dross hath sustained a greater violence of the fire then that which was melted the first time wherefore being more purified is made more neer to gold and silver then that metal from which it was separated He therefore that knows how to melt that dross in which oftentimes there is much left especially the dross of tin and that with a fit addition shal without doubt finde better metals then those which were melted by the diggers of the minerals the first time Now I do not say that there is so great a power in common fire to puririfie and perfect baser metals Fire indeed hath a greater power to purifie and maturate metals but it is too violent for those that are volatile Without doubt there are also other things that can help the fire which being known we may easily be able to do great things And because it hath been said in the foregoing Paragraphs that some metals cannot yeeld that gold and silver that is hid in them unless they be first destroyed and reduced to dross it is not needful to destroy those metals for profit sake seeing there are found in great quantity metals destroyed and brought to dross already out of which thou maist draw forth gold and silver for to maintaine thee But especially some certain dross of tin is commended that comes out of a certain mine thereof by reason of the abundance of gold as I can witness by my one experience and that indeed not without cause and although all tin be of a golden nature yet that which is called in Germany Saiffen Zinn from sope is doubly golden and that indeed first by reason of the gold that is accidental to it where also commonly graines of gold are found which whilest the mine of tin is washed because they cannot be separated by the help of washing are mixed with the tin in the infusion which oftentimes refiners know but of the manner of separation they are ignorant For oftentimes there is found tin of which a hundred pound weight is sold for the price of twenty or twenty four ryals which containes gold of a greater price in it But what is your advise worth if it cannot be 〈◊〉 ●ithout loss for all that which is separated by lead after the common way cannot have so much in it because the greater part thereof is turned to dross and if it were granted that it were not turned to dross yet the charges expended for the separation of tin by lead would exceed the price of the gold contained therein Now thus much information being given let no man doubt but that some at last will finde out this secret whom also I shall assist as much as I can with my counsel And that which hath been said of the dross of tin is also to be understood of the dross of other imperfect metals yet not so as if all without any difference had gold in them and truly the dross of iron which hath undergone a great force

cannot be done after the aforesaid way by which things are cast into the fire to get their flowers and spirits but after a certain secret Philosophical maner by the power of a certain secret fire hitherto concealed by the Philosophers neither shall I prostrate that secret before all It is sufficient that I have given a hint of it for further enquirie and have shewed the way to other things FINIS THE SECOND PART OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL FURNACES WHEREIN Is described the Nature of the SECOND FVRNACE By the help whereof all volatile subtle and combustible things can be distilled Whether they be Vegetables Animals or Minerals and that after an unknown and very compendious way whereby nothing is lost but even the most subtile spirits may be caught and preserved which else without the means of this Furnace is impossible to be done by Retorts or other distilling Instruments By JOHN RUDOLPH Glauber LONDON Printed by Richard Cotes for Tho Williams at the signe of the Bible in Little-Britain 1652. A. The furnace together with the iron distilling-vessel fastened into it whereunto a receiver is applyed B. The distiller with his left hand taking off the lid and with his right casting in his prepared matter C. The externall form of the distilling vessel D. The internal form of the vessel E. Another distilling vessel which is not fastened to a furnace but only standeth upon coals THE SECOND PART OF PHILOSOPHICAL FURNACES The structure of the second Furnace THE Distilling vessel must be made of Iron or good earth such as can abide in the fire whereof in the first part of this Book it shall be taught and you may make it as big or as little as you please according as your occasion shall require That of Iron is most fit to be used for such spirits as are not very sharpe or corroding else they would corrode the vessel but that of earth may be used for such things as shew their activity upon the Iron and do make it to melt as sulphur Antimony and the like and therefore you ought to have two such vessels viz. one of iron and one of earth to the end that for both sorts of materials corrosive or not corrosive you may have proper vessels and fit furnaces for their distilling and that they may not be spoiled by things contrary and hurtful to them The shape of the vessel is shewed by the figure here annexed viz. the lower part of it somewhat wider then the upper part and twice as high as wide at the top having a hollow space between the two edges or brims whereinto the edge of the lid may close and enter into an inch deep The lid must have a ring or handle by which it may be taken off and put on again with a paire of tongs The lid must have a deepe edge answering to the hollow space aforesaid The lower part must have three knobbs or shoulders thereby to rest upon the wall of the furnace the form whereof is no other then that of a common distilling furnace with sand Capel as the figure of it doth shew but if you will not have the furnace then it needeth no knobbs or shoulders if so be the distilling vessel be flat at the bottom or else have leggs for to stand upon them Beneath the edge of the vessel there comes forth a spout or pipe of a span in length and one or two inches wide and somewhat narrower before then behinde through which the spirits are conveighed into the Receiver The way or the manner to perform the destillation VVHen you intend to distill then first make a fire in he furnace that the distilling vessel come to be very hot But if it be not fastned to the furnace then set it upon a grate and lay stones about it and coales between and so let it grow hot and lay melted lead into the space between the two edges or brims to the end that the lid when it is put on may close exactly so that no spirit can get through This done take a little of the matter you intend to distil and cast it in and presently put on the lid and there will be no other passage left but through the pipe to which there must be applyed and luted a very big receiver As soon as the species cast in come to be warm they let go their spirit which doth come forth into the receiver and because there was but little of the matter cast in it hath no power to force through the lute or to break the receiver but must settle it self This done cast in a little more of your matter cover it and let it go till the spirit be settled continue this proceeding so long untill you have spirits enough but take heed that you carry in no more at once then the receiver is able to bear else it will break And when your vessel is full the distillation not being ended then take off the lidd and with an iron ladle take out the Caput Mortuum and so begin again to cast in and still but a little at a time and continue this as long as you please Thus in one day you may distil more in a smal vessel then otherwayes you could do in a great retort and you need not fear the least loss of the subtile spirit nor the breaking of the receiver by the abundance of the spirits and you may cease or leave off your distilling and begin it again when you list also the fire cannot be made too strong so that it might cause any hurt or damage but by this way you can make the most subtle spirits which is impossible to be done by any Retort But if you will distil a subtle spirit through a Retort as of Tartar Hartshorn Salarmoniac or the like you cannot do it without prejudice though there were but half a pound of the matter in it the subtlest spirits coming forth with force seek to penetrate through the lute if that be not good but if that be good so that the spirits cannot pass through it then they break the receiver because it cannot possibly hold such a quantity of subtle spirits at once For when they are coming they come so plentifully and with such a force that the receiver cannot containe them and so of necessity must flye asunder or must pass through the lutum All which is not to be feared here because there is but a little cast in at once which cannot yeeld such a quantity of spirits as to force the receiver to break And when there come forth no more spirits and the former is settled then more of the matter is to be cast in and this is to be continued so long untill you have spirits enough Afterward take off the receiver and put the spirit into such a glass as in the fifth part of this book amongst the Manuals shall be discovered wherein it may be kept safely without wasting or evaporating In this manner all things Vegetable Animal or Mineral

it would be much better to prepare good medicaments of it to restore the poor diseased to health there with then to destroy with it those that are whole and sound I know a Chymist that spent much time and cost to search this poysonous dragon thinking to make the universal medicine or stone of the ancient Philosophers out of it Especially because he saw that so many strange changes of colours appeared whereof mention is made by the Philosophers when they describe their medicine and the preparation thereof The dragons blood Virgins milke green and red lion black blacker then black white whiter then white and the like more needless here to relate which easily may perswade a credulous man as it hapned also unto him But afterward he found that this subject in which he put so much confidence was leprous and not pure enough and that it be impossible to to make that tingent stone of it for to exalt men and metals and so was glad to be contented with a good particular medicine and to commit the rest unto God And so much of that poysonous dragon the gunpowder but that there is another and more purer dragon whereof the Philosophers so often made mention I do not deny for nature is mighty rich could reveal us many Arcana by Gods permission But because we look only for great honor and riches and neglect the poor there is good reason why such things remaine hidden from the wicked and ungodly men To make spirits and flores of Nitre and Coales IF you distill Nitre well purified from its superfluous salt mixed with good coals the Egyptian Sun bird doth burn away and out of it doth sweat a singular water useful for men and metals It s burnt ashes are like unto calcined Tartar and for the purging of metals not to be despised To make flores and spirits of flints crystals or sand by adding of coales and salt nitre to them TAke one part of flints or sand and three parts of Linden coales with six parts of good salt nitre mixed well together and cast of it in and the combustible sulphur of the flints will be kindled by the piercing and vehement fire of the salt nitre and maketh a separation carrying over with it part thereof which it turneth into spirits and flores which must be separated by filtring The spirit tasteth as if it had been made of salt Tartar and flints and is of the same nature and condition and the remaining Caput Mortuum also yeildeth such an oyle or liquor in all like unto that and therefore its condition is not described here but you may finde it where I shall treat of the spirit made of salt tartar by adding of flints To make a spirit and oyle out of Talck with salt nitre TAke one part of Talck made into fine powder and three parts of Linden-coales mixe them with five or six parts of good salt nitre cast in of that mixture one spoonful after another and there will come over a spirit and a few flores which must be separated as hath been taught above concerning flints The spirit is not unlike unto the spirit of sand the Caput Mortuum which looks grayish must be made red hot or burnt well in a crucible so that it melt and then powre it out and it will yeild a white transparent Massa like as the flints and crystals do which in a cold moist cellar will turn to thick liquor fatter in the handling then the oyle of sand It is something sharpe like unto oyle of Tartar it cleanseth the skin haire and nailes and makes them white the spirit may be used inwardly for to provoke sweat and urine externally usedit cleanseth wounds and healeth all manner of scabs in the body out of hand What further may be done with it I do not know yet But how to bring Talck pebles and the like stony things to that pass that they may be dissolved with spirit of wine and reduced into good medicaments shall be taught in the fourth part To make a spirit flores and an oyle out of Tin IF you mixe two parts of the filings of Tin with one part of good salt nitre and cast it in as you were taught to do with other things then the sulphur of Tin will kindle the salt nitre and make a flame as if it were done with common sulphur whereby a separation is made so that one part of the Tin cometh over in flores and spirit and the rest stayeth behinde which if it be taken out some of it in a moyst place will turn into a liquor or oyle which externally may be used with good success in all ulcers for to cleanse them It hath also the vertue if it be pertinently applyed to graduate and exalt wonderfully all the colours of vegetables and animals which would be useful for dyers The spirit of it mightily provoketh sweating the flores being edulcorated and used in plasters do dry and heal very speedily To make a spirit flores and a liquor out of Zinck or speauter IN like manner as hath been taught with the Tin you may also proceed with the Zinck and it will yeild a good deal of flores and also a spirit and oyle almost of the same vertues with those made of Tin and these flores corrected with sale nitre are better then those which were taught to be made by themselves in the first part of the book To make a spirit flores and oyle of Lapis Calaminaris MIxe two parts of salt nitre with one part of lapis calamiaris and cast it in and it will yield a sharp spirit very useful for separating of metals and there will come over also a few yellow flores The rest remaining behinde is a dark green Mass very fiery upon the tongue like salt of Tartar and if it be dissolved with raine water yeildeth a grass green solution which being not presently coagulated into salt the green separateth it self from the fixed salt nitre and there falleth to the bottom a fine red powder and if it be edulcorated and dryed and given in from one grain to ten or twelve it causeth gentle stools and vomits better then prepared Antimony for lapis calaminaris and Zinck are of the nature of gold as in the fourth part shall be proved the white lixivium or lye from which the green is precipitated may be coagulated into white salt like unto salt of Tartar but if you coagulate the green solution before the green be separated from the salt nitre then you will get a very faire green salt high in colour and much more fiery then salt of Tartar whereby special things can be done in Alchymy which doth not belong hither And if you desire to make such a green salt for to use it in Alchymie you need not to take so much pains as first to distil a spirit out of the mixture but take three or four parts of good salt nitre and mixe it with one part of

reward of his labours as also their cavillations and contumelious reporting of mens writings to be false and lyes Why doth not Glauber if he had the knowledge of so great things of which he made mention in the Appendix make himself rich but lives in idleness Therefore they are nothing but vaine dreams Thou dost judge very excellently of colours which thou never sawest to whom I am not constrained to give an account of my idleness of which if thou hadst asked me without doubt I had given thee satisfaction and had prevented thy foolish censure But such kind of men betray their own ignorance of things that are to be performed by fire for he that goes about to catch fishes doth not cast his net upon the mountaines but into the water so he that gets his living in metals must needs be conversant in these places where metals are found Now that I have lived in these places so many yeers with disprofit besides my will hath been a hindrance to my fortune which elswhere where I might have operated perhaps might have happened to me But it is better to possess a few things in peace then many things in the hazardousness of a dreadful war But now I am fully resolved whether that most desired peace of Germany succeed or no to betake my self to such places where I may have opportunity to handle coales and mines which when I have done let cavillers if they will enquire whether I do any thing whereas indeed in this place I was not minded to attempt any thing whereby to be rich by reason of inconveniences For in this place I had enough to do all things being dear to get an honest livelyhood and to search into the secrets of nature for thy good and to make experiment in less things greater being neglected Hence the cause of my slothfulness will appear to thee wherefore do not thou any more judge rashly but minde thine own affaires aud let other men alone And this is the cause of explaining the Appendix which was made not for the general and universal communicating of those secrets the knowledge whereof as you may guess is not so easily to be attained to but for the demonstration of the truth that toyes and and trifles may no more be esteemed by the incredulous and ignorant but the profitable secrets of nature the inventor whereof I can boldly pronounce my self to be prized and received by all and every one Wherefore from the beginning to the end I shall treat of each of them briefly and shall give the explanation of each as far as I may without prejudice that they may be received not for dreams but for natural sciences certaine and most profitable for the confutation sake of cavillers Annotations upon the Appendix of the FIFTH BOOK PARAGRAPH I. A preparation of corn wheat barley oates c. also of pears apples cherries and other tree fruits to be performed by the help of a certain fermentation whereby through the help of distillation they yeeld a very good and most pure spirit very like to that which is made of the lees of wine without great costs where also from the remainders of the corn the burning spirit being drawn off may be made a very good beer or vineger and of the remains of the fruits a very good drink like to wine Whence there is a double benefit so that any one may not only have from thence wherewith to live but also to lay up THis Art hath appeared to many very strange of which no man yet hath made mention Some having knowledge of the common distilling Art have thought that that which is to be distilled having a burning spirit is to be put into a still yeelding all its spirit in the fire nothing thereof being left in the remainders This is to be ascribed to their ignorance they not knowing to give an account of their operations operating only out of use and custome things which they have seen heard not considering with themselves that there may be given a better or nearer way of distilling of spirits with whom I will not contend but only shew in brief which way all kindes of corn and fruits being distilled yeeld more spirits then that common way or at least how the spirit being abstracted something may be made of the residue of the matter being equall in the price to the matter distilled so that by this means the burning spirit may be had almost for nothing and it is done after this following manner It cannot be denyed that all vegetables whatsoever as all kinds of corn and fruits also grass it self being prepared and fermented yeeld a burning spirit more or lesse in quantity and quality viz. a consideration being had of the maturity or immaturity fatness or dryness of them For those things which are fatter and sweeter yeeld more spirits then things which are unripe sowre and dry for by how much more the subjects are dry and less ripe so much the fewer spirits doe they yeeld and that not before fermentation which gives them such a maturity as to make them yeeld their spirit in distillation which otherwise they would not doe Hence therefore it doth necessarily follow that fermentation is the onely cause of the burning spirit and by consequence the onely Medium whereby plenty of spirits are obtained viz. if the things be rightly and well fermented whereby they are so qualified as to be able afterward to yeeld their burning spirits the more easily which by how much the better they are fermented doe yeeld the more But seeing that common fermentation is not sufficient for the totall elevation of the burning spirit it comes to pass that the best part thereof is left in the still which hitherto by reason of ignorance hath been used to no other purpose then to feed hogges which is ill done for the matter that is left ought first to have lost its fatness and that either by distilling of more spirits or by the making of beer or vineger before the reliques be cast to Hogges whence there comes a double profit to the operator But you must not be ignorant that for this operation you must not make choice of any common Cauldron in which fruits are used to contract an Empyreuma viz. an ungratefull tast and smell but another certain instrument of the same Nature which wil hinder and not permit the adustion of the matter which is to be distilled though it be thick by the help whereof there is obtained a very sweet spirit in a great aboundance by the help of our secret fermentation And so thou dost understand the reasons by the help whereof more and sweeter spirits are obtained from corn and fruits whence a double gain viz. by the help of a certain vessel or instrument and of our secret fermentation PARAG. II. The making of wine not unlike to Rhenish French or Spanish that shall endure for the space of many yeares out of corn and fruits IN this Paragraph the

174 How to make a good oyle out of soot without distilling ibid. Of the spirit and oyle of honey ibid. Of the oyle and spirit of sugar 175 To distil an excellent spirit and blood red tincture of coals and sugar 176 Of the spirit of Must or new wine ibid. Of oyle olive 177 The use of the blessed oyle 179 Of the oyle of wax ibid. A good spirit for the stone ibid. Of the spirit or acid oyle of sulphur 180 To the Courteous Reader 181 The Contents of the third Part. A Preface of the copper instrument and furnace 185 Of wooden instruments that are to be used in stead of stils baths and cauldrons 189 The preparation of the vessel 192 The making of a wooden vessel for a Balneum which is to be used in stead of copper and leaden cauldron for digestion and distillation by glass vessels 193 A wooden vessel serving for boyling of Beer Metheglin Vinegar c. as well as copper iron and tin vessels ibid. A wooden vessel for a bath for sweet or mineral waters which may be according as you please kept warm for the preservation of health 194 Of the use of wooden vessels in distilling boyling bathing c. and first of the wooden vessel ibid. Of the preparation of the lees of wine boer hydromel and other drink ibi Of the preparation of all kinde of corn as wheat oats barley c. which must go before the distilling of the spirit 195 Of the difference of malting 196 Of the fermentation of malt 197 Of the Fermentation of honey 198 Of the preparation of hearbs flowers seeds c. ibid. An Annotation 199 The manner of distilling in general followeth 202 The manner of distilling spices seeds flowers hearbs roots woods c. 203 How oyles are to be coagulated into balsoms 204 The manner of preparing follows 206 There follows now the use of the second wooden vessel which is to be used in stead of those of copper or lead serving for distillations digestions extractions and fixations 208 And first of a volatile extract ibid. A purging extract 210 A diaphoretical extract 211 A diuretical extrast 212 A Somniferous extract ibid. A cordial extract 213 Of an odoriferous extract 214 Of baths 215 Of a bath of sweet or common water 216 Of the nature and property of natural baths ibid. And first of sulphureous bathes that have a subtle acidity 218 The mixture of those subtile mineral sulphureous and salt spirits with water 220 Of sulphur baths 221 The use of the copper globe in dry bathes which are more excellent then the moyst in many cases 222 Now follows a wooden vessel which is to be used in stead of a cauldron in boyling of beer vinegar metheglin c. 226 The Contents of the fourth Part. OF making the Furnace 233 How minerals are to betryed 238 Of the melting of mines and metals 243 Of the separation of metal ibid. Of separating courser metals 247 What is to be held concerning the perfection of metals 248 Another demonstration by a dry way 255 Of the Philosophers stone 262 Whether minerals as antimony arsenick orpin cobolt zinck sulphur c. may be transmuted into metals and into what 265 Another way of separating the superfluous Antimonial sulphur 268 Of the tincture of Sol and Antimony 269 Another tincture and medicine of gold 272 Of looking glasses 273 Metallick mixaure for the matter of the glasses 276 Of the smoothing and polishing looking glasses 278 Of mettallick glasses 280 The colouring of the foresaid vessel follows in which it is made most like to Venice 284 Of the preparation of the colours for the colouring the mass of flints and crystals 285 The Contents of the fifth Part. OF the preparation of the furnace 293 Of the preparation of the furnaces 297 A lute for the errecting of furnaces 298 Of the closing of the joynts hindering the evaporation of subtile spirits 299 Another lute for broken glasses 300 How those subtle spirits when they are made may be kept that they evaporate not 301 How glass stoples are to be smoothed grinding for the retaining of subtle spirit in their glass vessels 303 Of the making of the best crucibles 313 Of the vitrisication of earthen vessels belonging to the first and second furnace 320 Of the use of the foresaid cups 324 An Appendix 328 Annotations upon the Appendix of the fifth Book A Preparation of corn wheat barley oates c. also of pears apples cherries and other tree fruits to be performed by the help of fermentation when thorough the help of distillation they yeeld a very good and most pure spirit very like that which is made of the lees of wine without great costs where also from the Remainders of the corn the burning spirit being drawn off may be made a very good beer or vinegar and of the remaines of the fruit a very good drink like to wine whence there is a double benefit so that any one may not only have from thence wherewith to live but also to lay up 338 The making of wine not unlike to Rhenish French or Spanish that shall endure for many yeers out of corn or fruits 340 A making of a burning spirit out of the baser sort of things which are commonly known like to that made out of Rhenish and French wine and at an easie rate 343 The making of sugar like to that of the India and of tartar like to that of the Rhenish out of honey not costly so that the price of one pound of sugar doth not exceed eight or ten stivers and a pound of tartar exceed not the price of two stivers ibid. A peculiar purification of vulgar impure tartar without any loss and the crystallizing or reduction of it into great crystals a pound whereof being purified doth not exceed the price of six stivers 347 The taking away of the ungrateful odour avd tast of honey which being taken away there is drawn forth out of honey a very good burning spirit which savours not of the qualities of honey and also a hydromel like to natural wine in tast and other vertues c. ibid. The making of a hydromel very good and clear out of raisins both greater and smaller resembling the best Spanish wine out of which also is made a very good and cleer vineger ibid. How good wines and good vinegars may be made in those places where grapes grow in unmanuered places and are acid 349 Also the preparation of wholesome drinks out of goose-berries barberries mul-berries and other wilde fruits 351 The correction of troubled viscous wines and such as begin to be red musty and sowre ibid. A very easie making of vinegar in great quantity out of certaine vetables that are every where to be had viz. very good cleer and durable like to French vinegar c. 352 A production of wines in cold places which oth●rwise by reason of the cold aire do not bring forth wines the cold●st places of all only excepted viz. of the