when they were come into the Ianicle they said plainely that there were none there appeared but the ordinarie inhabitants of the hil These prodigious sights by direction from the Aruspices i. the Soothsayers were expiare the gods pacified with greater sacrifices and a solemne procession and supplication was proclaimed unto all the gods that were shrined at Rome and had their chappels there After all complements performed that belonged to the pacification of the gods the Consuls proposed unto the Senate concerning State matters and especially about the managing of the warres Namely what forces should bee prepared what numbers of souldiours levied and where they should be bestowed severally And agreed it was That there should bee eighteene Legions emploied in the warres Whereof the Consuls were to take unto them two a peece the provinces likewise of Gaule Sicilie and Sardinia should bee guarded each of them with other twaine Q. Fabius the Lord Deputie of Apulia was to have two Legions under his hand to commaund the province and T. Gracchus other two of voluntaries to keepe the countrie about Luceria and C. Terentius the Pro-consull to have the charge of one in the Picene countrie and M. Valerius another for the navie about Brundusium and last of all twaine were left behind for the guard and defence of the cittie of Rome For to make out this full number of Legions sâ—xe of necessitie were to bee levied new And the Consuls were appointed with all convenient speed to enroll them and likewise to provide an Armada that yeare of 150 gallies together with those ships which rid in the river along the coasts of Calabria for the defence of that countrie When the muster was done and the new shippes haled and shot into sea Quintus Fabius assembled the Centuries for the Election of Censors wherein were created M. Attilius Regulus and P. Furius Philus The rumour still â—ncreased that Sicilie was out and up in armes Whereupon T. Octacilius was commaunded to goe thither with his fleet And because there wanted sailers and marriners the Consuls by vertue of a decree of the Senat published an Edict That as many as in the time of L. Acmylius and C. Flaminius Censors either themselves or their fathers were assessed in the Subsidie booke from 50000 Asses unto 100000 in goods or who afterwards grew to that worth should find one marriner and six months pay Item That whosoever were rated above 100000 unto 300000 should be charged with three marriners one yeares pay Item That whosoever were valued in the Censors booke betweene 300000 and 1000000 should allow five marriners Item That those above that proportion should set out seven And every Senator should provide eight marriners and furnish them with a whole yeares pay According to this Edict the marriners were set out well armed and appointed by their maisters and having with them aforehand mear dressed and sodden to serve them thirtie daies they were embarked This is the first time that ever the Romane navie was furnished with sailers and mariners at the proper charges of private citizens This extraordinarie preparation more than usuall terrified the Campanes most of all other for feare least the Romanes would begin warre that yeare with laying siege to Capua Therfore they dispatched Embassadours unto Anniball requesting him to come neerer unto Capua with his forces For why at Rome there were new armies levied for to assaile that citie the Romans were not discontented more with the revolt of any than of them And for as much as this message was delivered in such hast and feare Anniball thinking it good to make speed least the Romanes prevented him dislodged and removed from Arpi and encamped upon Tisata over Capua in the sort where he kept of old Then leaving the Numidians and Spaniards behind him both to guard the campe and also to defend Capua he went downe with the rest of his armie to the lake Avernus pretending in shew there to sacrifice but in very deed to sound and sollicue Putcoli and the garrison there for to rebell Maximus was no sooner advertised that Anniball was departed from Arpi and in his returne to Campania but he journied night and day and never staied untill he was come againe and repaired to his armie And withall he gave order and direction unto T. Gracchis to remove with his power from Luceria and to draw neere to Beneventum likewise unto Q. Fabius the Pretour who was the Consull his sonne to supplie the roume of Gracchus at Luceria At the same time the two Pretours tookâ— their journie and went into Sicilie P. Cornelius to the armie there on land and Octacilius to keepe the seacoast and to bee Admirall of the navie and the rest sped them every one into their severall provinces They also who had their authoritie and government continued ruled the same countries that they did before Whiles Anniball abode at the Lake Avernus there came unto him from Tarentum five noble young gentlemen Romane associates which had been taken prisoners some at the poole Thrasymenus others at Cannae whom hee had sent home in the same manner of curtesie as he had shewed ever to all the allies of the Romans These gentlemen in remembrance of his favors and benefits made report unto him that they had persuaded and induced a great part of the youth of Tarentum to entertaine rather the amitie and alliance of Anniball than of the people of Rome and for this intent they were sent embassadours from them to request in their name that it might please him to come neerer with his forces to Tarentum For say they if they might but once see from out of Tarentum his standerd and ensignes and himselfe neere encamped the citie would without delay be surrendred up into his hands For the younger people had the commons at their beck and commaundement and the commons ruled the whole state of Tarentum at their pleasure Anniball after hee had commended and thanked them and withall loaden them with many faire and great promises willed them to returne home to hasten and set forward and effect these intended designements saying that he would be there in good and conuenient time With these hopes the Tarentines tooke their leave and departed Anniball himselfe was wonderfully desirous to be maister of Tarentum He saw it was a noble citie and a wealthie seated also by the sea side and a very commodious port looking and lying toward Macedonia and well he wist that King Philip if he should passe over into Italie seeing the Romanes were possessed of Brundusium would arive at this haven When he had performed the Sacrifice for which he thither came and whiles he made his abode there foraied all the territorie of Cumes even as farre as the Cape of the Promohtorie Misenum sodainely he turned his armie and marched to Puteoli for to surprise and give a camisado to the fort and garison there There were sixe thousand of them within the towne and the place not
soudered with lead Both these chests had a superscription upon them in Greeke and Latine letters to this effect That in the one of them lay buried Numa Pompilius the sonne of Pompo sometime king of Rome and in the other were bestowed the bookes of the said Numa The owner of this ground opened these coffers by the advise and counsell of his friends and that which carried the title and inscription of the kings sepulture was found emptie without any shew or token of the reliques of a mans body or anything els by reason the bones and all were rotten and consumed in continuance of time after so many yeers past In the other were found two fardels wrapped within waxe candles or ceare-clothes conteining either of them seven bookes which were not only whole and sound but also seemed very fresh and new One seven of them were written in Latin as touching the Pontificiall law the other seven in Greeke entituled The discipline or doctrine of Philosophie such as those daies might affourd Valerius Antias saith moreover That they were the bookes of Pythagoras according to the common received opinion of Numa that he was the disciple of Pythagoras herein giving credit to a probable lie resembling a truth These books were first read by those friends of his who were present at the place where the chests were opened but afterwards as they came into more mens hands to be read it chaunced that Q. Petilius the lord cheefe justice of the citie desirous to peruse those bookes borrowed them of L. Petilius with whom he was familiarly acquainted by reason that the abovenamed Quintus Petilius had chosen the foresaid Lucius into the decurie of the Scribes and Secretaries Who after he had read the titles with the summaries and contents of every chapter and finding the most part thereof tending directly to abolish the state of religion then established said unto L. Petilius that he purposed to fling those bookes into the fire but before hee did so hee would permit him to use what meanes hee thought by order of law or otherwise would serve his turne to recover the said bookes out of his hands and good leave hee should have to take that course without his displeasure or any breach of friendship betweene them The Scribe or notarie aforesaid goeth to the Tribunes for their assistance the Tribunes put the matter over to the Senat before whom the Pretour said plainely That he was readie to take his corporall oth if he were put to it that those bookes ought neither to be read nor kept Whereupon the Senate judged that for such a matter the offer onely of the Pretors oth was sufficient and that the bookes should be burned with all speed possible in the open place of assemblies called Comitium but they awarded withall that there should bee paied unto Q. Petilius the right owner as much money for the bookes as the Pretour and the more part of the Tribunes of the Commons esteemed them worth The Scribe would touch none of the money but his bookes were burnt in the foresaid place before all the people in a light fire made by the ordinarie servitours attending upon the sacrificers The same summer there arose suddainely a great warre in higher Spaine The Celtiberians had gathered a power of five and thirtie thousand men a number more than lightly at any time before they had levied Now as Q. Fulvius Flaccus lord Deputie of that province Hee for his part because he was advertised that the Celtiberians put their youth in armes had raised and assembled as great aids of the confederates as he could but nothing came hee neere to the enemie in numbers of souldiours In the beginning of the Spring hee led his armie into Carpetania and encamped before the towne Ebura after hee had planted a meane garrison within it A few daies after the Celtiberians pitched their tents within two miles from thence under a little hill When the Romane Pretour perceived they were come he sent his brother Marcus Fulvius with two companies of the horsemen of allies in espiall to view the enemies campe willing him to approach as neere to the trench and rampier as hee could and to see what compasse the campe tooke but to forbeare skirmish and in any hand to retire in case he perceived the Cavallerie of the enemies made out against him According to this direction hee did in every respect And so for certaine daies together there was nothing done but onely these two companies of horsemen shewing first and afterwards retiring backe so soone as the Cavallerie of the enemies issued out of their campe At length the Celtiberians also came forth and advaunced forward with all their power as well horse as foot and having set them in ordinance of battell staied as it were in the middes betweene The whole ground was a smooth and even plaine fit to joyne a battaile in There stood the Spaniards I say expecting their enemies but the Romane Pretour kept his men within the rampier foure dayes togither and they likewise of the other side held the same place still in battaile array The Romanes all that while st irred not a foot The Celtiberians then seeing the enemies refused fight held themselves quiet also within their camp onely the horsemen rid forth and they kept a corps de guard to be in readines if peradventure the enemies should be busie come abroad Both of the one side and the other they went out at the back-side of their camp to purvey forage fewel and impeached not one another The Roman Pretor supposing now that after so many daies rest the enemies were borne in hand and hoped fully that hee would never begin first commanded L. Actlius to take with him the left wing of the cavallerie six thousand of the provinciall auxiliaries and to fetch a compasse about the hill which stood behind the enemies and from thence so soone as they heard a crie to run downe a maine and charge upon their campe And because they might not be dscovered in the night time they departed Flaccus the next morning by peepe of day sent out C. Scribonius a colonell of the allies against the enemies campe with the extraordinarie horsmen of the left wing whom when the Celtiberians beheld both approaching neere toward them and also more in number than uually they had bene they put forth all their Cavallerie at once out of the gates withal gave the signal to the Infanterie also to come abroad Scritonius according to the direction given him so soon as ever he heard the first noise shout of the horsmen turned the head of his horse and retired back full upon the campe therwith the enemies followed more freely first the horsemen and within a while the footmen also making full account to be masters of the Roman leaguer that day verily now were they not past halfe a mile When Flaccus supposed that they were trained farre enough from their owne camp for succouring
Verrius for in the time of Paule the third Pope of Rome the fragments of the said stones were digged out of the ground betweene the Roman Forum and the broad street Via Sacra brought forth also laid abroad in the capitol to the view of the world To which as the true touch-stone certain learned men of late daies have laid to their owne labours in that kind namely Bartholomew Marliau of Millaine Onuphrius Panvinius of Verona Charles Sigonius of Modena and Francis Robortellus of Vdine comparing the same as also the annales gathered by Henry Glareanus before time with the foresaid antiquities of Verrius late found have recovered much light to the his torie of Livie and supplied his wants in that behalfe I thought it not amisse therefore to gratifie my countriemen in some measure this way also and deliver the same in English which I found annexed to the best editions in Latine as followeth A CHRONOLOGIE TO THE HISTORIE OF T. LIVIVS COMPILED ACCORDING TO THE TABLES AND RECORDS OF VERRIVS FLACCVS IN THE CAPITOLL AND SET OUT VVITH MOST PROFITABLE notes shewing the varietie and disagreement of Authors about the names of the Romane Consuls The causes of dissent and repugnance in Historiographers as touching the computation and relating of the yeeres from the foundation of the citie of Rome SInce wee entend to setfoorth a Kalender or Register of the Consuls mentioned in the historie of Livius which by reason of uncerteintie obscuritie and discordance of the times is so darke and intricate that not onely the learned and most experienced Historians of our age but the best writers of the Romane storie in auncient time estsoones complained thereof we thinke it not impertinent to our purpose briefely to search into the causes of this dissent which beeing once knowne wee may follow that account of the times which seemeth to accord best with the historicall truth and to be grounded upon the authoritie and testimonie of the most authenticall and approoved writers For seeing that an historie as Cicero hath most truly said is the witnesse of times what is more unfitting for it than to misse and want that which is the chiefest point therein and without due and diligent reckoning made to be ignorant what was first and what was last done It seemeth therefore that of this diversitie in the account and computation of the Romane Consuls there be three especiall causes The first is for that the yeere in which the first Consuls entred into that magistracie is by the Romane Historiographers not after one sort but diversly set downe For Dionysius a most diligent writer of the acts of Romans in his first booke in the end of the fourth and beginning of the fifth reporteth that the KK reigned 244 yeeres which also is collected out of the yeerely computation gathered by Varro and approoved by the authoritie of others For Messala reporteth how upon the expulsion of the KK which hapned in the 244 yeer after the foundation of the citie the Romans were ruled under the yeerly government of Consuls To which opinion Livie also subscribeth in the end of his first booke saying that the regiment of KK continued 244 yeeres from the foundation of the citie unto the freedome and libertie thereof But Eutropius in his 1 booke writeth that the seven Kings reigned in Rome 243 yeers which account agreeth with Sex Ruffus in his abridgement In which varietie this is to be observed that these two last named reckon the yeeres onely of every kings raigne and out of the whole and grosse summe leave out the yeere of the interreigne which Dionysius Livius Messala and the rest insert betweene and that right truly and upon good reason for after the death of Romulus the interreigne continued one yeere Consider then and examine the thing diligently and yee shall find that in reckoning the yeeres of every kings reigne in severall Eutropius and Sextus Ruffus both attribute as many yeeres to the kings government as Denis Livie and the rest so that this difference is not much But others there be as Eusebius hath delivered in his Chronicles who write that the KK reigned but 243 yeeres and take the interregencie withall whose judgement Orosius Iornandes and Bede seeme to follow For Orosius in the 5. chap. of his second booke recordeth that Brutus the Consull in that very yeere namely the 244 put his owne sonnes to death the KK reigned not precisely so many yeeres just but for that some and namely Romulus went over some months and daies Dionysius and Livius reckoned them for a full yeere and laid it to Tarquinius Priscus but the other above named together with Eusebius left out those odde months and daies because they made not up a complet yere and assigned but onely seven and thirtie yeres to the raign of king Priscus To this may be added another reason of the like nature namely that as divers authours have doubtfully reported the yeere so they are no more certain of the month and day on which the first Consuls began their government For Plutarch in his problemes writeth that they entred upon the first day of Ianuary but Macrobius in the first book of his Saturnalia and seventh chapter seemeth to imply that they tooke their Consuls place the first of Iune saying according to the opinion of others That Iune tooke the name of Iunius Brutus for thaâ— in this month and namely upon the first day thereof according to a vow wherto he was obliged by the banishment of Tarquine hee solemnized a sacrifice to the goddesse Carnea upon mount Coelius Others againe write how this hapned the foure and twentieth of Februarie grounding herein upon the old antiquities and records of stone together with the testimony of Ovid who in the second booke of his Kalender thus writeth King Tarquine with his sonnes then fled The Consuls yeerly beare The soveraigne rule at Rome since that no king ever reign'd there Some there are besides of opinion that they entred the first day of Iulie and of their mind seemeth Ioachimus Perionius to be in his third booke of the Greeke magistrates In this repugnancie therefore of opinions very doubtfull it is which to follow As for that of Plutarch it hath long since bene clearly and learnedly confuted by two great and excellent clerkes Onuphrius Panvinius and Sigonius since it is plaine that it was the sixe hundred yeere from the foundation of the cittie and not before that the Consuls began their government the first of Ianuarie But in setting downe the certaine day they themselves are not well agreed For Sigonius after Marlianus inclineth this way and saith That the first day of the Consuls government was the sixe and twentieth day of May. But Panvinius thinketh that the first Consuls were created the 26 day of Februarie And this diversitie is found not onely in the day when the first Consuls tooke their government but also in the time after ensuing What was the usuall day of any
moneth wheron the Consuls were wont to begin their magistracie a man can hardly find any certaintie before the sixe hundred yeere from the citties foundation In the foure and fortieth yeere verily after the kings were exiled the first day of Iuly as Livie writeth was the ordinarie day for yeerely magistrates to take their place but how many yeeres following that order continued or at what time it was changed hee sheweth not before he come to the three hundred and two yeere and then he faith in his third booke That the thirteenth of May was the ordinary day for magistrates to begin their government Thus much at leastwise we may collect by him when he saith that this time was solemne that he meant not two or three yeeres onely but many For that is properly called solemne which is by law usually observed Againe wee read a little after the beginning of the first booke that this time also was altered for whereas the fift day of December was the usuall time that magistrates began to execute their office hee saith that it was changed in these words The principall nobles and lords of the Senat were it upon the default or the infortunitie of their Generals that so shamefull an overthrow was received opined and advised not to expect and stay for the ordinary time of the election but presently to creat new militarie Tribunes in Consuls authoritie who should enter into their government the first day of October c. Which opinion of theirs imported and the whole house accorded to it whereupon the other Tribunes gain said it But Sergius and Vrginius withstood this Act of the Senate and denied flatly to resigne up their dignity before the eleventh of December the ordinary day of taking their othe and beginning their magistracie And a little after within one page hee sheweth that the usuall day of entrance into government was altered from the eleventh of Decemb. to the first of Sept. saying When this speech was received with a general applause of al men and that the nobles and lords of the Senate c. But this day was kept but a few yeares For about sixe yeeres after he saith by occasion that both Consuls lay sicke it was ordained that the first of Iuly should be the ordinary day And this also I find was chaunged to another whatsoever it was for named it is nor therfore uncertain But this hapned in the four hundred thirteenth yere after the cities foundation as Livie about the beginning of the 8 booke sheweth in these words And when the Consuls were commaunded to resigne up their magistracie before the time to the end that new Consuls might the sooner be created against so great troubles of war c. For in these words The sooner c. he declareth that the usuall day of entrie into governement was then chaunged But as it is not certainely set downe what day this was so the other was as well knowne for soone after and namely the eight yeere following it was appointed to wit the first day of Iuly Immediately therefore quoth he the new Consuls L. Aemylius Mamercus and Cn. Plautius were enjoined that day even the first of Iuly on which they began their office to agree and part betweene themselves their provinces As for the month wherein for the most part the assembly for election of magistrates was holden we read it was Februarie like as the thirteenth of March was ordinarie for them to begin their government For this day held alwaies during the second Punicke war and the Macedonian and longer than so Thus Livie testifieth in many places which to quote is needlesse as in the sixt book of the second Punicke war and in the beginning of the first booke as touching the Macedonian By which who seeth not that there is great varietie in the moneth and day both whereupon the magistrates were wont to begin their rule But wheras all the certainerie in computation and account of the time dependeth upon a precise exact firme and settled reckoning of yeeres months and daies and seeing that in Livies storie it is neither expressely shewed what yeere month or day the magistrates began their government nor precisely noted when the reckoning altered considering also that nothing therin is more wavering and inconstantly delivered than the very usuall day of entring into magistracie what marvell is there if authours dissent so much about the computation of the times whiles one beginneth at this moneth another at that whiles some I say ascribe these magistrates created to this yeere others attribute the same to another Thirdly there being great difference betweene Dionysius and Livie as well about the reckoning of the times and yeeres as the acts and affaires that therein-passed all seemeth to have risen hereupon that the purpose of Livie was not to deliver exactly the acts occurrents of greatest antiquitie which happened in the State of the people of Rome and which by many writers aforetime had ben most diligently set down penned to posteritie but to record write those things especially which from the time a little before the second Punick war had been atchieved by the people of Rome unto the age wherein himselfe lived But because as Polybius most wisely and pithily writeth a generall storie cannot be understood by particular registers and for that an Historiographers studie and endevour ought to be emploied rather in an universall treatise than in particular discourses therefore least so great a peece of work as his wanting a beginning should seeme maimed unperfect in the formost 20 books he slightly breefely ran over the deeds of the people of Rome from the foundation of the citie unto the beginning of the second Punick war But Dionysius professing purposely to describe the auncient monuments of the Romanes thought it his part to overpasse and omit nothing worthie of remembrance but most curiously and exactly hath delivered al things pertinent either to the calculation of the times or discourse of affaires in so much as those things whereof Livie hath scantly made three bookes hee hath declared at large in eleven Here upon if a man read in Dionysius the auncient beginning and originall of the Roman empire and examine well the times how they are by him digested and compare the same with the brevitie in Livie no doubt he will preferre the diligence of the former before the overhastinesse of the later But if the indifferent reader consider the purpose and intent of them both he will yeeld unto either of them their due praise and whereas Livie making hast to other matters hath either let passe or more slightly handled some things he will judge him worthie rather to be excused than reproved for it To these three causes above rehearsed others also may be adjoined namely the ordering of the yeers by Romulus and the varietie as touching that yeere wherein Rome was founded but it may suffice only to touch these point unto them with the finger
Sp. Posthumius as Livie and Cassiodorus report but Priscus and Albinus as Cuspinian saith And by Dionysius his testimonie Sp. Posthumius Albinus and Q. Servilius Priscus the second time but Diodorus nameth Q. Servilius and Sp. Posthumius Albinus Howbeit in the fragment of the Capitoll marble Sp. Posthumius is surnamed Albus Regillensis and not Albius and so Marlian thinketh it ought to bee read 289 L. Ebutius P. Servilius LIvius nameth T. Quintius and Q Fabius Cassiodorus T. Quintius the second time and Q. Fabius the second time Diodorus T it Quintius Capitolinus and Q. Fabius Dionysius T it Quintius Capitolinus the third time and Q. Fabius Vibulanus the second time 290 L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Veturius Geminus ACcording to the Capitoline table Aulus Pesthumius out of Livie Dionysius and Cassiodorus Pab Furius Fusus are noted for Consuls this yeere Diodorus putteth to Furius the other gentile surname Medullinus for Fusus This Au. Posthumius was the soone of A. Posthumius the Dictatour 291 P. Volumnius Serv. Sulpitius LIvie and Cassiodorus write that there followed as Coss. this yeere P. Servilius but Dionysius nameth L. Aebutius and P. Servilius Priscus Diodorus Lu. Aebutius Elva and Pub. Servilius Stractus The Sicilian registers shew Priscus and Flavus Cuspinian Elva and Priscus The Capitoll stones exhibit unto us P. Servilius the soone of Sp. P.N. i. the sonnes sonne of Publius and surnamed Priscus 292 C. Claudius soone of Appius P. Valerius Poplicala LIvie Cassiodore and Denis represent unto us as Consuls this yeere L. Lucretius Tricipitinus and T. Veturius or Vetusius Geminus but Diodorus L. Lucretius and T. Veturius Cicurinus Cuspinian his Kalender Geminus and Tricipitinus The Sicilian registers Tricipitinus and Veturius the Capitoline monuments L. Lucretius Tricipitinus 293 Q. Fabius Vibulanus III. L. Cornelius Maluginensis LIvius and Cassiodorus prosesse for Consuls this yeere P. Volumnius and Serv. Sulpitius Dionysius P. Volumnius and Serv. Sulpitius Camerinus The Capitoll marbles have P. Volumnius Amintinus Gallus Of The same Consuls Valerius speaketh in his first book and sixt chapter 294 L. Minutius C. Nautius LIvie and Dionysius name P. Valerius Publicola and C. Claudius Sabinus Consuls for this yeere Diodorus P. Velerius Poplicola and C. Claudius Regillanus The Sicilian registers and Cuspinian call them Poplicola and Sabinus The Capitoline marble hath this record P. Valerius P.F. sonne of P. Volusi N. i. the sonnes sonne of Volusus surnamed Poplicola but Livie Dionysius Orosius and they that have raunged the Consuls in the Capitoll have reported that P. Valerius the Consull was flame in the battell against the bond slaves who this yeere under the leading of Ap. Herdonins the Sabine held the Capitoll by force and that in his stead L. Quintius Cincinnatus was substituted 295 Q. Minutius C. Horatius Pulvillus LIvius togither with Cassiodorus declare for Consuls this yeere Q. Fabius the third time and L. Cornelius Maluginensis Dionysius Q. Fabius Vibulanus the third time and L. Conelius Diodorus Q. Fabius Vibulanus and L. Cornelius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Sicilian registers and Cuspininan Vibulanus and Maluginensis The Capitoll marble Q. Fabius Vibulanus the third time 296 M. Valerius Sp. Virginius BOth Livie and Cassiodore deliver unto us for Consuls L. Minutius and C. Nautius Dionysius L. Minutius and C. Nautius and second time Diodorus L. Minutius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and C. Nautius Rutilius The Capitoll stones C. Nauticus Rutilius the second time What this surname 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 should meane Sigonius and Onuphrius confesse they know not and thinke instead thereof wee should read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Valerius Maximus 5 booke 2 chap. Of thankfull persons writeth these Consulls corruptly Q. for Nautius and Minutius 277 T. Romulius Sp. Veturius LIvie and Cassiodorus name for Coss. this yeer Q. Minutius M. Horatius Pulvillus but herein they do amisse as Sigonius Onuphrius suppose for the same Livie writeth that Caius Horatius Pulvillus died beeing Augure in the yeere 302. Diodorus nameth L. Posthumius and M. Horatius Dionysius Q. Horatius and Q. Minutius The Capitoll records C. Horatius Pulvillus And the Sicilian registers Pulvillus and Augurinus 298 Sp. Tarpeius A. Atterius IN Livie Cassiodorus and Dionysius we find Coss. this yeere M. Valerius with Sp. Virginius But in the twelsth booke of Diodorus M. Valerius Lactuca and Sp. Virginius Tricostus In Cuspinians Kalender Maximus and Caelimontanus In the Sicilian Maximus and Virginius In that of the Capitol M. Valerius Max. As for Lactucinus Plinie sheweth that it is a surname of the Valerij Of these Consuls also Censorinus maketh mention in his discourse of the plaies called Seculares 299 P. Curiatius Sext. Quintilius ACcording to Livie Cassiodorus and Dionysius this yeere C. Veturius and T. Romilius entred upon the Consulship Diodorus delivereth unto us C. Veturius Cicunus and T. Romulius Vaticanus Cuspinians kalender sheweth Geminus and Vaticanus The Sicilian Rocus and Veturius The Capitoline records T. Romulius son of T. nephew or sonnes sonne of Ti. Vaticanus Of the same Romulius Plinie speaketh also 7. booke chapter 28. 300 T. Menenius P. Sestius Capitolinus SPurius Tarpeius sonne of M. and nephew of M. surnamed Montanus Capitolinus the kalender of Verrius Flaccus sheweth unto us for one Consull this yeer Of whom Diodorus Dionysius Livie Pedianus upon Cicero his Oration for Cornelius and Cassiodorus make mention save onely the surnames Cuspinians booke and the Greeke records have Capitolinus As for his Colleague they dissent and disagree For Diodorus would have him to bee Aulus Asterius Fontinalis but Dionysius Aulus Termenius Livie and Plinie the seventh booke chapter seven and twentie A. Aeternius Solinus chapter 4 Gell. I booke chapter II. A. Thermus Lastly Cassiodorus Au. Aterius Whom Sigonius and Onuphrius follow 301 App. Claudius T. Genutius LIvie and Cassiodorus likewise report for this yeere Consuls Sex Quintilius and P. Curiatius Dionysius Sex Quintilius and P. Horatius Diodorus Sex Quintilius Tergeminus The Capitoll stones name him Sext. Quintilius sonne of Sex nephew of Pub. For this surname Tergeminus is common both to the Horatij and Curiatij But Sigonius and Onuphrius allow Horatius rather 302 Sext. Quintilius sonne of Sextus nephew of Pub. TO this Consull the Greeke records give the surname of Varus and so the Capitoline tables of stone do represent him But Diodorus Dionysius Livie and Cassiodorus deliver the same man unto us without the surname Who was his Colleague it is doubtfull For by Dionysius it was P. Horatius by Livie and Cassiodorus Pub. Curiatius by Diodorus Tergeminus which is a surnmane as well of the Curiatij as the Horatij Onuphrius rather approoveth of Curiatius 303 Decemvirs Consular LIvie and Diodorus together with the Capitoline registers as farre foorth as may bee gathered by the broken fragments of the tables shew that App. Claudius and T. Genutius were Coss. elect for this yeer but they resigned up the place in regard of creating Decemvirs Now as touching this Decemvirat the law Terentia brought it into the
bookes and neither of them dissmuleth but that the ancient writers report of militarie Tribunes that yeere created As for Licinius he doubteth not to follow those linen records and Tubero cannot resolve of the truth But among other things which by continuance of time are unknowne this also is left uncerteine Thus much Livie But Diodorus instead of Consuls setteth downe three millitarie Tribunes namely M. Manlius Q. Sulpitius Pratextatus and Servius Cornelius Cussus The Greeke records following Antias and Tubero have delivered to us Consuls Capitolinus and Camerinus 321 M. Fabius Vibulanus Tribunes militarie in Coss. authoritie L. Sergius Fidenas Tribunes militarie in Coss. authoritie Marcus Foslius Tribunes militarie in Coss. authoritie The Tribunes of the Commons in thier orations continually forbad the election of Consuls and when they had brought it so about that he governmet was at the point of interregencie they wan the masterie in the end that militarie Tribunes might bee chosen with Consular authoritie But reward of this their victorie which they shot at namely to have a commoner created they obtained none for all were elected out of the Patritij namely M. Fabius Vibulanus M. Foslius Lu. Sergius Fidenas Thus much Livius Diodorus likewise nameth three but corruptly to wi◠M. Fabius M. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and L. Servilius As for Foslius in some of the Capitoll monuments hee is written Flaccinator and not Folius as in the common editions of Livie whom Diodorus calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 322 L. Pinarius Mamercus Tribunes militarie in Coss. autoritie L. Furius Medullinus Tribunes militarie in Coss. autoritie Sp. Postumius Albus Tribunes militarie in Coss. autoritie No motion was made of Consuls election So Tribunes militarie were created in Consuls authoritie these L. Pinarius Mamercus L. Furius Medullinus and Spurius Posthum Albus as Livie writeth In Diodorus they are named thus L. Furius Sp. Pinarius Mamercus 323 T. Quintius soone of Lucius Cincinnatus Pennus C. Iulius Mento AN act of the Senate passed that an election of Coss. should be holden wherin T. Quintius sonne of Lucius Cincinatus surnamed also Pennus and C. Iulius Mento were made Consuls saith Livie The same Coss. Cassiodorus also avoucheth The Greeke records have Pennus and Mento but Diodorus nameth them barely T. Quintius and Caius Iulius 324 L. Papirius Crassus L. Iulius THe Tribunes of the Commons made much adoe and kept a canvassing in the citie that Tribunes militarie in Consuls authoritie should bee created but could not prevaile So Consuls were chosen L. Papirius Crassus and L. Iulius So say Livie and Cassiodore but Diodorus nameth them falsly Caius Papirius and L. Iunius the Greeke records Crassus and Iulius 325 L. Sergius Fidenas II. Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus THe Consuls this yeere in Cassiodorus are L. Sergius Hostus Lucretius in Diodorus Opiter Lucretius and L. Sergius Fidenas in Livie L. Sergius Fidenas the second time and Hostus Lucretius Tricipitnus In the Sicilian registors Tricipitinus and Fidenas One these Valerius maketh mention in his Epitome 326 A. Cornelius Cossus T. Quintius Pennus II. THese Consuls are named by Livie and Cassiodorus for this yeere But Diodorus avoucheth L. Quintius Sēpronius but corruptly as Sigonius and Onuphrius suppose For in the Sicilian records are written Cossus and Pennus the surnames of Cornelius and Quintius Of these Consuls Livie spake before in the yeere 316. 327 C. Servillus Ahala L. Papirius Mugillanus LIvie and Cassiodorus name Consuls for this yeere C. Servilius Ahala and L. Papirius Mugillanus Diodorus for Ahala putteth downe Structus for well it may be that Structus was also called Ahala 328 T. Quintius Pennus Military Tribunes in Coss. authoritie M. Postbumius Military Tribunes in Coss. authoritie C. Furius Military Tribunes in Coss. authoritie A. Cornelius Cossus Military Tribunes in Coss. authoritie THe commons caried it cleere that no Consuls this yeere were created so foure there were elected militarie Tribunes in Consuls authority namely T. Quintius Pennus immediatly upon his Consulship M. Posthamius C. Furius and Au. Cornelius Cossus Thus writeth Livie and the same Diodorus nameth 329 A. Sempronius Atratinus Tribb. militarie in Coss. authority L. Quintius Cincinnatus Tribb. militarie in Coss. authority L. Furius Medullinus Tribb. militarie in Coss. authority L. Horatius Barbatus Tribb. militarie in Coss. authority THese abovenamed as Livie reporteth were Tribunes militarie in Consuls authoritie this yeere Diodorus leaveth our all their surnames and L. Horatius full and whole 330 Ap. Claud the Decemvirs son Tribb. militarie in Consuls authoritie Sp. Nautius Rutilus Tribb. militarie in Consuls authoritie L. Sergius Fidenas Tribb. militarie in Consuls authoritie Sext. Iulius Iulus Tribb. militarie in Consuls authoritie THese Tribunes militarie in Coss. authority Livie seretth downe for this yeere The same doth Diodorus also nominate all but their surnames and Ap. Claudius whom hee calleth Titus Livie moreover saith that there were two Spurij Nautij Rutili Tribunes in those daies but no doubt as Onuphrius thinketh there is some error in the copies of the booke the one who is now the first time a second time shall bee in the yeere 338 the other who was first in the yeere 335 and once againe in the yeere 350. The capitoll monuments of stone have the same but they shew that the one was but once and the other thrice Tribune 331 C. Sempronius Atratinus Q. Fabius Vibulanus THe Consuls this yeere created were according to Livius Cassiodorus C. Sempronius Atratinus Q. Fabius Vibulanus Diodorus overpasseth them whome Livie reporteth to have entred into governement upon the Ides of December Of C. Sepronius Atratinus Consull Valerius writeth 6. book cap. 5. whom hee forenameth Lucius but in the third booke and second chapter hee speaketh of both although untruely for Q. Fabius hee nameth Q. Catulus 332 L. Manlius Capitolinus Tribunes militarie in Consuls authoritie Q. Antonius Merenda Tribunes militarie in Consuls authoritie L. Papyrius Mugillanus Tribunes militarie in Consuls authoritie L. Servilius Structus Tribunes militarie in Consuls authoritie THe Senate being offended with the very name of Consuls for the hatred they bare to Sempronius commaunded Tribunes militarie to be created with Consuls authoritie And these they were L. Manlius Capitolinus Q. Antonius Merenda and L. Papyrius Mugillanus Thus much Livie in whose storie the name is missing of the fourth to wit L. Servilius Structus who in the yeere three hundred thirtie seven is found engraven in the Capitoll stones Tribunes militarie the second time Of these Diodorus saith not a word In a fragment of the Capitoline marble there is to be seene the surnames of Mugillanus belonging to L. Papirius 333 T. Quintius Capitolinus N. Fabius Vibulanus NOt only Livie but Cassiodorus also recorteth that the Coss. this yeere were N. Fabius Vibulanus and T. Quintius Capitolinus Diodorus over-passeth them but so doe not the Sicilian registers In a fragment of the Capitoll marbles we find engraven T. Quintius Capitolinus Barbatus and N. Fabius This Fabius was the sonne of Q. Fabius
Sigonius and Onuphrius doe thinke that more credit is to bee given unto Diodorus than others especially seeing that in Livie there is mention made the yeere following of M. Aemylius Paulus Generall of the horsemen whome they all thinke to bee the same man that this Consull M. Livius is written Denter in the Capitoll records which surname Livie in another place addeth to the Livij Cuspinians booke in like manner setteth downe Denter and Pantius as the surnames of these Consuls The Sicilian registers Denter and Aemylius 453 Two Dictatours and no Consuls THis yeere also of two Dictatours without Consuls Onuphrius inserteth in his kalender howbeit directed thereto by the evidence of the Capitol fragments to the end that the calculation of Varro might agree in all respects which if this yeere were over-slipped should be wholly overthrowne although Diodore Livie and Cassiodore dissent there from and leave out this yeere altogether Whereof see Onuphrius more at large in his Kalender upon the yeere 453. 454 M. Valerius Q. Apuleius Pansa IMmediatly after M. Livius and M. Aemylius Livie and Cassiodorus letting passe the yeere of two Dictatours without Consuls bring in M. Valerius Q. Apuleius Pansa for Consuls The Greeke records shew Corvinus and Pansa It seemeth that Livie by Marcus Valerius meaneth Maximus for that hee saith that presently upon his Dictatourship he was made Consull Now that Mar. Valerius Max. was Dictatour the yeere before he writeth plainly 455 M. Fulvius Paetus T. Manlius Torquatus LIvie and Cassiodorus declare for Consuls this yeere M. Fulvius Paetus and T. Manlius Torquatus The Sicilian registers have Paetinus and Torquatus Livie saith that Q. Fabius refused the Consulship offered unto him without any suite of his But T. Manlius the Consull was by lot appointed to levie warre against Hetruria which tooke armes and prepared for warre against the truce accorded upon Now was he scarce well entred into the enemies confines but as hee exercised among men of armes and chanced to turne about his horse upon a full carrier hee was cast from his backe whereupon for the present hee lay for dead and within three daies after the said fall ended his life Then all the Centuries in generall by their suffrages chose M. Valerius Consul whom the Senate purposed to have made Dictatour Thus much Livie By M. Valerius hee meaneth Corvus whom Cicero writeth in his booke of old age Valerius Max. in his seventh booke and fortie eight chapter to have beene Cos. now the sixt time that between this and the first there were 46 yeres although Plutarch in the life of C. Marius saith they were but 45 Howbeith all of them call him Corvinus and not Corvus 456 L. Cornelius Scipio Cn. Fulvius CNeus Fulvius and L. Cornelius Scipio are recorded Consuls by LÃvie and Cassiodorus but Scipio and Centumalus by Cuspinians book Scipio Maximus by the Greek records 457 Q. Fabius Max. IV. P. Decius Mus III. LIvie and Cassiodorus alledged for Coss. this yeere Q. Fabius Max. the fourth time and P. Decius Mus thrice The same Consuls Cuspinians booke and the Greeke records deliver unto us The author that writeth of famous men and Frontinus in his booke of Stratagemes speake of P. Decius thrice Consull 458 L. Volumnius Appius Claudius LVcius Volumnius a commoner and Appius Claudius of noble blood were created Coss. this yeere even the same men who in their former Consulship were matched togither as Livie and Cassiodorus write but in the Sicilian registers they are found written Claudius and Violens Howbeit Cicero in his booke entituled Cato reporteth that betweene the two Consulships of App. Caecus were ten yeeres 459 Q. Fabius V. P. Decius IV. LIvie and Cassiodorus both witnesse that the Consuls next following were Q. Fabius the 5 time and P. Decius the 4 time who had been companions togither alreadie in 2 Consulates and in one Censorship The Sicilian registers have Rullus and Mus of which Consuls Cicero speaketh very often Valerius Max. likewise Paterculus also Plutarch Frontinus in his first booke of Stratagems the author of the booke of famous men Eutropius Orosius and others who all report that this Consull P. Decius following the example of his father offered himselfe to die for the Roman legions and by his death purchased a notable victorie to the people of Rome 460 L. Postumius Megellus M. Atilius Regulus THe Consuls next following were L. Postumius Megellus and M. Atilius Regulus as Livie and Cassiodorus write In the Sicilian records their surnames are Megellus and Regulus 461 L. Papirius Cursor Sp. Carvilius AFter Livie and Cassiodorus the Coss. this yeer were L. Papirius Cursor Sp. Carvilius After the Sicilian registers Cursor Maximus A stone in the Capitoll maketh mention of Papirius the son of L. nephew of P. surnamed Cursor whom Livie writeth to be the sonne of Papirius 5 times Consull Of these Coss. Plinie of Verona maketh mention in his 7 book and 60 chap. Val. Max. likewise in his 7 booke and first chap. Velleius in his second book and the same Livie in the yeere 456. 462 Q. Fabius Gurges Max. Decius Iunius Brutus son of Scavalini THe yeere following had Consuls Q. Fabius Gurges and D. Iunius Brutus Scaeva as witnesse Livie and Cassiodorus Zonaras nameth them Iunius Brutus and Q. Fabius Max. Cuspinians Kalender Maximus and Scaeva The Sicilian registers Brutus and Maximus Livie Plinie in his 7 booke the capitoll tables and Zonaras have delivered that this Fabius was the son of Q. Max. Rullianus who had been 5 times Cos. before And here an end of the Consuls for the first ten bookes 463 L. Posthunius C. Iunius SInce that after this Consulship ten bookes of Livie next ensuing be lost whome hitherto wee have had for the most sufficient witnesse of this storie so as now we are in manner destitute and deprived of the best helps of Annals namely Diodorus Dionysius and Livie from hence forward wee will use principally in digesting and reckoning the yeeres by the Consuls the authoritie and testimonie of Cassiodorus the Sicilian records and Cuspinians booke yet will wee not in the meane while reject what helpe soever shall be ministred unto us by others For this yeer therfore Cassiodorus writeth that L. Postumius and C. Iunius were created Coss. whose surnames Megellus and Brutus Bubulcus have not been left out so much as in Cuspinians kalender not in the Sicilian records Livie also maketh mention of them in his 28 booke saying thus Lu. Postumius Megellus the interregent was created Consul with C. Bubulcus by that very court and assembly which himselfe called and held 464 P. Cornelius Rusinus M' Curius Dentatus THe Coss. this yeere are recorded by Cassiodorus Pub. Cornelius Rufinus and M' Curius Denâ—atus for whom in the Sicilian registers appeare Maximus the third time and Mus the sixt time But of those forenamed Consuls Cicero maketh mention in his booke entituled Cato Paterculus in his first booke Valerius Max. in his sixt booke and 3
Africanus II. T. Sempronius Longinus LIvie Cassiodorus the monuments both of the capitoll and Sicilie match Consuls together this yeere P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus the second time and T. Sempronius Longus Of them Cicero maketh mention in the oration of Cornelius accused of felonie as appeareth in Paedianus 561 L. Cornelius Merula Q. Minutius Thermus LIvie Cassiodorus the capitoll authors write that the Consuls chosen to succeed in this yeere were L. Cornelius Merula and Q. Minutius Thermus The said surnames are found in the Sicilian records Probus speaketh of them in Anniball and Frontius in his booke of stratagemes 562 L. Quintius Flaminius Cn. Domitius Aenobarbus LVcius Quintius Flaminius and Cn. Domitius Aerobarbus were this yeeres Consuls as Livie Cassiodorus and the capitoll records testifie The Sicilian registers also shewe their surnames 563 M. Acilius Glabrio P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica THe Consuls created for this yeere were P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica and M. Acilius Glabrio sonne of Cn. as testifie Livie Cassiodorus the capitoll records Plutarch in Quintius and Appian in his Syriack historie In the Sicilian registers named they are Glabrio and Nasica In these Consuls yeere the same authours report that the war against Antiochus king of Syria and against the Aetolians was proclaimed which in the capitoll monuments in Paterculus and Macrobius is called the Antiochian but by Florus and Plinie the younger in Cato the Syrian warre This was the 562 yere from the citties foundation as Macrobius writeth in his first booke of Saturnals 564 L. Cornelius Scipio C. Laelius CAssiodorus Livius and the capitoll tables put downe for Consuls this yeere L. Cornelius Scipio and C. Laelius The Sicilian registers have Scipio and Laelius The same men Gellius in his sixteenth booke and fourth chapter nameth C. Laelius sonne of C. and L. Scipio sonne of P. To Laelius Cassiodore onely addeth the surname Africanus This L. Scipio surnamed Asiaticus was brother to Africanus 565 C. Manlius Vulso M. Fulvius Nobilior CNeus Manlius Vulso and M. Fulvius Nobilior are nominated Consuls for this yeere by Livie Cassiodore and the tables both of the capitoll and Sicilie Manlius was Pretor in the yeere 557 and Fulvius anno 560. 566 C. Livius Salinator M. Valerius Messala THe Consuls next following were M. Valerius Messala and C. Livius Salinator as Livie and Cassiodorus testifie together with the Sicilian and capitoll tables 567 M. Aimilius Lepidus C. Flaminius THe next Consuls were M. Aimilius Lepidus C. Flaminius as witnes Livie Cassiodorus Zonaras Strabo in his fift booke the Sicilian capitoll tables Of them Valerius maketh mention in his sixth booke This is that M. Lepidus who was the Arch-bishop twise Consull Censor and President of the Senate sixe times chosen by the Censours And this is that C. Flaminius who afterward by Cato the Censor was displaced out of the Senate and disrobed 568 Sp. Posthumius Albinus Q. Martius Philippus LIvie Cassiodorus Eutropius and the capitoll tables report Consuls for this yeere Sp. Posthumius Albinus and Q. Martius Philippus The Sicilian Registers name them barely Albinus and Philippus Valerius maketh mention of them in his sixt booke third chapter Likewise Plinie in his 33 book tenth chapter 569 App. Claudius Pulcher. M. Sempronius Tuditanus FOr this yeeres Consuls were Appius Claudius Pulcher and M. Sempronius Tuditanus as Livie Cassiodorus and the capitoll records do testifie They stand in the Sicilian records by the names of Pulcher and Tuditanus 570 P. Claudius Pulcher. L. Porcius Cicinius THe Consuls that followed for this yeere were L. Portius Licinius P. Claudius Pulcher witnesse Livie Cassiodorus and the capitoll tables Pulcher and Licinius they bee called in the Sicilian records 571 Q. Fabius Labeo M. Claudius Marcellus AGainst this yeere were created Consuls M. Claudius Marcellus Q. Fabius Labeo according to Livie Cassiodorus and the capitoll marble stones Their surnames bee found also in the Sicilian tables Whiles these were Consuls Atticus wrate that Annibal died as Probus maketh report in Anniball 572 L. Aemylius Paulus Cn. Boebius Tamphilus C Neus Boebius Tamphilus L. Aemylius Paulus were created Consuls for this yeere as Livie Cassiodorus the capitoll yea the Sicilian tables do testifie although these last have regard only of their surnames This L. Aemylius is the sonne of that L. Aemylius who was slaine at Cannae as Plutarch and Velleius doe witnesse 573 P. Cornelius Cethegus M. Boebius Tamphilus PVblius Cornelius Cethegus and M. Boebius Tamphilus succeeded Consuls this yeere after Livie Cassiodore and the capitol tables Cethegus and Tamphilus they be called in the Sicilian records Of P. Cornelius and M. Boebius Consuls Plutarch made mention in Numa Of P. Cornelius and M. Boebius Tamphilus Valerius speaketh in his first booke first chapter Of P. Cornelius Lentulus and M. Boebius Tamphilus in II booke first chapter But Plinie in his 13 booke and 13 chapter calleth the one P. Cornelius Cethegus son of Lucius and the other M. Boebius son of Q. surnamed Tamphilus 574 A. Posthumius Albinus C. Calpurnius Piso. LIvie Cassiodorus and the capitoll monuments exhibit unto us for this yeeres Consuls A. Posthumius Albinus and C. Calpurnius Piso. The Sicilian tables Albinus and Piso. Piso was Pretour in the yeere 567. And Albinus anno 568. But when as a pestilence had reigned now three yeeres so as it dispeopled the citie of Rome and all Italie it hapned that C. Calpurnius died not without suspition that he was murdered by Quaria Hostilia in whose roume Q. Fulvius Flaccus his father in law or mothers husband was declared Consull 575 L. Manlius Acidinus Q. Fulvius Flaccus LIvie Cassiodore and the capitoll records shew for Consuls this yere L. Manlius Acidinus and Q. Fulvius Flaccus The Sicilian tables Acidinus with Flaccus Cicero maketh mention of Acidinus a Consull in his second booke of a perfect oratour Also observed it is in the capitoll monuments that these Consuls were german brethren the same hath Vellejus in his second booke reported And thereby it commeth to passe that in the capitoll tables L. Manlius Acidinus is surnamed also Fulvianus after the manner of those that are adopted 576 M. Iunius Brutus A. Manlius Vulso NExt Consuls created were M. Iunius Brutus and A. Manlius Vulso as Livie Cassiodore and the capitoll records doe testifie Brutus and Vulso they bee named in the Sicilian monuments This Brutus was Pretour in the yeere 562 and Vulso in 571. 577 C. Claudius Pulcher. Tib. Sempronius Gracchus CAtus Claudius Pulcher and Tib. Sempronius Gracchus are matched Consuls this yeere by Verrius Flaccus Livie Cassiodorus Of this Tib. Gracchus Cicero speaketh in his first booke of divination and Frontinus in his first of stratagemes 578 C. Cornelius Scipio Hispalus Q. Petilius Spurinus C. Valerius Laevinus LIvie Cassiodore and the capitoll records exhibit unto us for Consuls Cn. Cornelius Scipio Hispalus and Q. Petilius Spurinus The Sicilian registers Scipio and Petilius But when as Scipio returning out of the mount Albanus
understood that Poplicola was his surname by way of adoption for they were not the Gellij but the Valerij that carried the surname of Publicolae The same fragments doe shew that the said Gellius left his place and that another was put in his rowme And haply it was L. Munatius sonne of Lucius nephew of Lucius Plancus whome Plinie in his thirteenth booke and third chapter saith to have been twise Consull but in what yeere he was the second time a man cannot find unlesse it were in this 719 Sext. Pompeius L. Cornisicius CAssiodorus and the Sicilian records testifie that this yeeres Consuls were Sex Pompeius L. Cornisicius Dio L. Cornisicius son of Lucius Sextus Pompeius sonne of Sextus This yeere Sex Pompeius sonne of Cneus was slaine 720 M. Antonīus L. Scribonius Libo CAssiodorus putteth down for Consuls Lu. Scribonius and Lu. Atratinus The Sicilian catalogue Antonius and Libo Dio M. Antonius sonne of Marcus the second time and L. Scribonius sonne of Lucius Libo The same Dio saith moreover that M. Antonius the Triumvir presently upon the very Kalends of Ianuarie gave over the magistracie and substituted in his own steed Lu. Sempronius Atratinus and therefore many there be that affirm how it was not Antonius but Atratinus that was Consull this yeere with Libo That Consuls also were sub-elected to beare out one part of the yeere it is to bee found in some authours that have set forth the Municipall Annales And verily Dio maketh mention of Paulus Aemylius Consull for one part of the yeere and that hee built a stately porch or gallerie at his owne charges and dedicated it in his Consulship 721 C. Casar L. Volcatius CAssiodorus exhibiteth unto us for Consuls C. Caesar and L. Volcatius Dio Caesar the second time and L. Volcatius sonne of Lucius Tullus They who composed and digested the Sicilian registers very unfitly set down Caesar and Cicero for this yeres Consuls Of this Consulship of Caesar Suetonius and Dio speake saying that hee held it very few houres as Antonius also before time In steed of Caesar was Lu. Antonius subrogated and many other for one part or other of the yeere who in the book entituled Old inscriptions are reckoned in this manner Emperour Caesar. II. L. Volcatius Kal. Ianuarij L. Antonius Kal. Maij. L. Flavius Kal. Iulij M. Atilius  C. Fonteius Kal. Sept. L. Vinutius Kal. Octob. L. Laenonius Of L. Flavius made Consull by M. Antonius and deposed Dio likewise maketh mention 722 Cn. Domitius C. Sosius CAssiodorus nominateth for Consuls this yeere Cn. Domitius and C. Sosius The Sicilian records Aenobarbus and Sosius Dio Cneus Domitius sonne of Cneus nephew of Cneus Aenobarbus C. Sosius son of C. nephew of Caius Nepos writeth that Atticus died when Cn. Domitius and C. Sosius were Consuls 723 C. Caesar. II. M. Messala CAssiodorus avoucheth Consuls this yeere C. Caesar the second time and M. Messala The Sicilian registers Octavianus and Corvinus Dio Caesar the third time and M. Valerius sonne of Marcus surnamed Messala Corvinus and that right truly For Cassiodorus maketh no reckoning of that consulship of Caesar which hee bare with Pedius because hee was subordained in the place of another But Dio and Appian doe witnesse that Caesar and Antonie were matched together this yeere both of them in their second Consulship at what time as upon peace made with Sextus Pompeius they were appointed Consuls before hand for eight yeers next ensuing howbeit in the first yeer the people turned Antonie out of his Consulship and proclaimed warre against him and Cleopatra and so in his place was Mar. Messala declared Consull As touching the Consuls this yeere subordained thus wee find written in the auncient inscriptions Emperour Caesar. IIII. M. Valerius Kalend. Maij. M. Titius Kal. Octobris Cn. Pompeius 724 C. Caesar. III. M. Crassus CAssiodorus nameth for this yeers Consuls C. Caesar the third time and M. Crassus The Sicilian records Octavinus and Crassus Dio Caesar the fourth time and M. Licinius sonne of Marcus Crassus Hee addeth moreover and saith Caesar in the middest of that water crossed the seas out of Macedonie into Italie wherein he was the fourth time Consull with M. Crassus Orosius likewise noteth that Caesar called Emperour was Consull the fourth time with M. Livius Crassus Of other Consuls substituted after M. Licinius this we find in the old inscriptions Emperour Caesar IV. M. Licinius Kal. Iul. C. Antistius Idib Septembr M. Tullius Kal. Novembr L. Saenius Of M. Tullius Consull with Augustus Dio maketh mention in his storie of this yeers acts Plinie also in his 22 booke and 6 chap. and Plutarch in Cicero By Velleius and Tacitus it appeareth that Antistius had for addition the surname of Vetus and Saenius of Saevinus 725 C. Caesar. IIII. Sex Apuleius IN Cassiodorus the Consuls bee C. Caesar the fourth time and Sext. Apulcius In Dio Caesar the fift time and Sext. Apuleius son of Sext. In the Sicilian records Octavianus and Apuleius in the Antique inscriptions Emperour Caesar the fift time and Sext. Apuleius Dio saith this was the yeere 725 from the foundation of the citie Of Caesar five times Consull there is to be seene an old epigramme or inscription in this manner Senatus Populusque Romanus Imp. Caes. Divi Iulij Fil. Cos. Quint. Cos. Desig Sext. Imp. Sept. Resp. conservata That is The Senate and people of Rome By Emperour Caesar sonne of Iulius of famous memorie Consull five times elect Consull the sixt time and emperour the seventh the Commonwealth saved 726 C. Caesar V. M. Agrippa II. CAssiodorus declareth for Consuls this yeer Caesar the fift time and M. Agrippa the second time Orosius and the Sicilian records Caesar the sixt time and Agrippa the second time Dio Caesar the sixt time and M. Vipsanius Agrippa the third time but it is to bee read the second time as Sigonius advertiseth so as the next yeere it should bee written the third time And this plainely appeareth by the superscription of that temple which he erected named Pantheon in this form M. AGRIPPASON OF L. THIRD TIME COS. BUILT IT For Dio saith that this temple was finished two yeers after that hee was Consull with Caesar the seventh time Consull in which yeere himselfe bare his third Consulship not the fourth For otherwise in the front of the said temple hee would have written CONSUL THE FOURTH TIME 727 C. Caesar. VI. M. Agrippa III. CAssiodorus saith that the next Consuls were Caesar the sixt time and Mar. Agrippa the third time But Dio Caesar the seventh time and Agrippa the fourth time But what is to bee thought of them both is evident by that which hath been said before In the Sicilian registers verily it is written Octavianus the seventh time and Agrippa the third time 728 C. Augustus Caesar. VII T. Statilius CAssiodorus putteth downe for Consuls Caesar Augustus the seventh time and T. Statilius The Sicilian monuments Octavianus the eight time and Taurus
of this new dignitie and promotion Some thinke that for his brother Cn. Cornelius his sake who had been the yeare afore a Tribune Militarie and had given to the horsemen triple pay hee was through favour drawne in and called to so great honour Others for that himselfe had picked out a convenient time and made a plausible Oration that both Nobles and Commons liked very well concerning the agreement and unitie of the States The Tribunes of the Commons rejoycing highly for this their victorie in the Election remitted and called in the Inhibition of the subsedie or imposition aforesaid the thing that most of all prejudiced the service of the C.W. By meanes whereof paiment was made in all dutifull obedience and sent it was unto the armie Then within short time was Anxur in the Volscians countrie recovered by occasion that on a feastivall holyday the watch and ward of the citie was neglected This was a yeare notable and famous for the cold and snowie winter so as the high waies were choked up and Tyberis was unnavigable Howbeit by reason of provision brought in aforehand the price of comarose not And for because P. Licinius as he entred his government without any troubles with greater joy and contentment of the Commons than indignation of the nobles so also ruled and executed it all the yeare long accordingly therefore their teeth watered the next election also to make Tribunes militarie of their owne bodie One'y M. Veturius of all the Nobilitie that stood in suit for the dignitie had a place among them But as for the other Tribunes militarie in Consular authoritie all the Centuries in a manner chose Commoners to wit L. Titinius P. Menenius Racilius Cn. Genutius and L. Attilius After this hard Winter either by reason of a distemperature and disposition of the weather suddainely chaunging to a contrarie or upon some other hidden and vnknowne cause there followed presently a contagious and dangerous summer by occasion of a pestilence noisome to all kind of living creatures Of which incurable maladie when as neither the reason could be found nor any end thereof seene the bookes of Sibylla were by a decree of the Senate perused and Duumvirs appointed for divine rites and ceremonies by celebrating a Lectisterne then first instituted in the citie of Rome to appease and pacifie Apollo Latona and Diana Hercules Mercurie and Neptune feasted them as it were for the space of eight daies together and for that purpose they set out three beds or banquetting tables with as magnificent and stately furniture as could be for that time possiblie devised Which solemnitie was privately also performed All the gates and doores through the cittie stood wide open all sort of viands were set out abroad to be used in common open house kept for all commers one with another as wel vnknown strangers as their acquaintance with all friendlie welcom interteinement Kindlie courteouslie would they talke and devise even with their adversaries all chiding and brauling was laid aside and put under foot The prisoners also for that time were enlarged yea conscience made afterwards that any should be laid or kept in yrons unto whom the gods had vouchsafed that gratious meede But all this while much trouble there was and many al'armes before Veij by reason that three warres were joyned now in one For when as all at once the Capenates and the Falisci came in manner as afore about the fortifications and trenches of the Romans for to rescue the besieged they were forced to make head and hazard a doubtfull bartaile against three armies But the best helpe they had was the remembrance of the late condemning of Sergius and Virginius Therfore having conducted by a neerer way their forces from the greater campe which before lay stil and would not come to succour they set upon the Capenates backes as they turned against the rampier of the Romanes The battaile there begunne made the Falisci also afraid in which affright of theirs they suddainlie sallied out of the lesser hold in so good time that they forced the enemies to turne their backes all quaking for feare And having gotten the upper hand they followed the traine of the victorie and in the chase made a verie great slaughter carnage of them And not long after the forraiers that wasted the land of the Capenates as they raunged abroad heere and there encountred the residue and remnant of this battaile as if fortune of purpose had presented them to their hands and swoopt them up cleane Also many of the Veientians as they fled backe into the cittie were cut in peeces before their verie gates whiles they within for feare least the Romanes at once should rush in made the gates fast so shut out the hinmost of their owne men These were the atchievances of this yeare And now approached the Election of the Tribunes militarie whereof the Nobles had in a manner a greater care than of the warre as who saw now that the soveraigne rule was not onlie parted with the comminaltie but welneer on their own behalfe quite lost Therfore albeit of set purpose they had prepared most noble and excellent men to stand in suite whom to passe by and overhip they thought the people would have bene ashamed yet nevertheles they themselves as if they had bene the parties that stood tried everie way and not onely sought the helpe of men but also craved it at the hands of the gods making it great scruple a matter of conscience and alleadging that the elections for two yeares past were not according to the will of God as appeared by this say they that in the former yeare there was an intollerable winter and such as portended some heavie judgements from above how also the yeare following there were no prodigious tokens shewed aforehand but even the verie events and effects therof were seene and felt namelie the pestilence both in countrie cittie through the verie indignation no doubt of the gods for that in the fatall bookes of Sybilla it was found out that they ought to have bene pacified for the diverting away of that pestilent influence As if in those solemne assemblies which ought in the name of the gods and religiouslie to be held the gods thought it an indignitie and unseemelie thing that the honourable offices of state should be made common no distinction of degrees no difference of houses observed but all confused and shuffled together The people therfore being driven into a maze not onelie in regard of the majestie and dignitie of those that were competitors but also of a verie remorse of conscience chose for Tribunes militarie in Coss. authoritie all of the Nobilitie a good part of them the most honorable personages of the rest to wit L. Valerius Potitus the first time M. Valerius Maximus M. Furius Camillus the third time L. Furius Medullinus the third time Quintius Servilius Fidenas the second time Quintus Sulpitius Camerinus the second time
presented himself in the court among the Senators where his opinion caried the matter cleare away and Pyrrhus his demaund was flatly denied P. Domitius the first Censor of Commoners held a Lustrum or survey of the citie in which were found 278222 Roman citizens by the pol. A second field wâ—s fought against Pyrrhus but with doubtfull event and yssue With the Carthaginians the alliance was renewed now the fourth time When a certaine fugitive traitour that ran from Pyrrhus offred to C. Fabricius the Consul for to poison the K. he was sent backe againe and the treason was discovered to the king Over besides this booke conteineth the prosperous affaires in warre against the Tuscans Lucenians Brutians and Samnites The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the fourteenth Booke PYrrhus passed the seas into Sicilie When among other prodigies and fearefull tokens the image of Iupiter in the Capitoll was overt browne and smitten downe with lightning the head therof was recovered found again by the soothsaiers Curius Dentatus as he was taking musters sold in port-sale the goods of one that would not answere to his name when he was called He defaited Pyrrhus after his return again out of Sicily into Italy forced him to void depart once for all Fabricius a Censor cassed and displaced out of his Senatours rowme P. Cornelius Rufinus one that had been Consul for that he had in silver plate to the waight of ten pounds There was a Lustrum holden by the Censours and therein were found 271224 citizens A societie and alliance was contracted with Ptolomee K. of Aegypt Sextilia a prosessed vestall Nun was convicted of uncleannesse and fornication buried quick Two new Colonies were erected to wit Posidonia and Consa A fleet of Carthaginians arrived to aid the Mamertines by occasion whereof the league was broken This booke compriseth also the happie exploits against the Lucanians Samnites and Brutians together with the death of king Pyrrhus The Breviarie of L. Florus to the fiveteenth Booke THe Tarentines being vanquished had both peace graunted liberty also restored unto them The souldiours of the Campaine legion aforesaid which had possessed themselves of Rhegium were besieged and after they had absolutely yeelded were every one made shorter by the head Certain lustie youths of Rome who had misused beaten the embassadors of the Apollionats sent unto the Senat were delivered unto their bands to be used according to their discretion The Picentes were overcome in battaile and obtained peace Two Colonels were sent the one to Artminuâ— within the marches of Picenam i. Ancona the other to Beneventum in Samnium Now and never before began the Romanes to use silver coine for their moâ—ie The Vâ—brians and Sallentines were vanguished and their submission of obedience received The number of the Questors was augmented to be eight The Breviarie of L. Florus to the sixteenth Booke THE first rising of the Carthaginians with the beginning of their citie are in this booke related Against whom together with Hiero King of the Syracusians the Senat of Rome ordâ—ned to send aid unto the Mamertines and after much arguing and debate about this point whiles some persuaded others againe dissuaded the gentlemen of Rome who served on borsebacke then first crossed the seas and bare themselves bravely in many battailes to good purpose against Hiero who at length craved peace and bad it graunted The Censors held a Lustrum and numbred the people and enrolled 372224 citizens of Rome into the subsidie booke D. Iunius Brutus was the first that ever represented combates of swordsensors at the sharpe to the â—tterance in the honour of his father late deceased One Colonie was planted at Aesernia This booke comprehendeth besides the good successe of the affaires against the Carthaginians and the Vulscinians The Breviarie of L. Florus for the seventeenth Booke CNeus Cornelius the consul being surprised environed with a fleet of Carthaginians and under colour of a parle trained forth and called unto them was villanously taken prisoner and kept still with them Cn. Duillius the Consull fought with happie successe against this their foresaid flees and was the first Romane captaine that rode in triumph for a navale victorie at sea In regard wherof this honour for ever after was done unto him That when he supped forth in any place of the cittie as he returned home to his owne house the waits should found the haâ—boies all the way and a man go before him with a burning torch L. Cornelius the Consullwoon a field in Sardinia against the Ilanders together with the Corsians Hanno the General of the Carthaginians Attilius Calatinus the Consull having unadvisedly engaged his armie within a place of great disadvantage whereas the Carthaginians lay round about in ambush retired and escaped by the valour and industrious meanes of M. Calpurnius a Colonell who with aregiment of 300 foot venterously salted out and turned all the forces of the enemies upon himselfe One Anniball a Carthaginian Commannder upon the deseature of the Armads whereof he was Admirall was by his owne soldiors trussed up and crucified Attilius Regulus the Consull having in battaile at sea vanquished the Carthaginians sailed over into Affricke The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the eighteenth Booke ATtilius Regulus the Consul slew in Affricke a serpent of a mightie and wonderfull bignesse but with the exceeding losse of his soldiors And after many encounters and battailes with the Carthaginians when the Senat by reason of his so happy conduct management of the wars sent no other to succeed him he dispatched his letters unto them and complained therof and among other pregnant reasons that he alleadged for to have a successor to come unto him this was one That the little inheritance and living which he had suffred wast by the default or leaudnesse of his bailisses of husbandrie Meanewhiles as if fortune had beene disposed and sought meanes to shew a notable example in the person of this one man Regulus as well of adversitie as prosperitie bec was overthrown in plaine field taken prisoner by Xanthippus a renowmed captain of the Laceâ—â—monans whom the Carthaginians had waged sent for to aid the. After this the sundrie shipwracks of the Romane Navie eclipsed obscured and disfigured all the other noble exploits that the Romane Chieftaines had fortunately atchiâ—ved before as well by land as sea T. Coruncanius was the first high Priest or Archpâ—â—las created out of the bodie of the Commons M. Sempronius Sophus M. Valerius Maximus the Censors when they made a review of the Senate cassed thirteene and tooke their embrodred purple clokes from them They held a survey also of the whole cittie and entred into their subsidie booke 317217 Romane citizens Regulus being sent from the Carthaginians to the Senate of Some to treat a peaceable accord or if he could not obteine so much to deale about the exchange of prisoners one for another bound himselfe by an 〈◊〉
and from thence being frighted with the stirre and noyse of the dwellers by cast himselfe downe Moreover there was seene in the welkin or element the resemblance of a navie of ships and the temple of Lady Spes standing in the hearbe market was smitten with lightning Likewise at Lanuvium the speare of Iuno shooke and brandished of it selfe and a Raven flew into Iunoes church and lighted upon the very Shrine or Alter of Iuno In the territorie of Amiternum in many places were seene men as it were in white garments but only a farre off for as folke went neerer and neerer they appeared not and could not be met withall In Picenum it rained stones and at Cere the lots were found diminished and in Gaule a VVolfe drew forth a watchman his sword out of his scaberd and caryed it away For other prodigious tokens order was given to the Decemvirs to peruse the books of Sibylla But for the raining of stones in Picenum there was ordeined a Novendial feast for nine dayes and for the expiation of the other prodigies the whole citie in manner was occupied in their devotions And now above all other things the citie was solemnly purged and greater beasts killed in sacrifice in the honor of those gods for whom they were ordeined and a present of gold weighing 40 pound was caried unto Iuno at Lanuvium And the dames and matrons of Rome erected a molten image of brasse for Iuno in Aventinum at Caere where the lots were diminished was appointed a Lectisterne and a procession or supplication to Fortune in Algidum At Rome also there was a Lectisterne solemnified to Iuventa the goddesse of youth and a solemne procession at the church of Hercules Moreover expresse commaundement was given to all the people to make procession and supplication at every altar and Shrine of their gods And to god Genius they sacrificed five greater beasts And C. Attilius Serranus the Pretor was commaunded to pronounce a solemne vow in case the Commonweale continued in the same good estate ten yeares and decayed not These portentuous prodigies thus expiated and vowes made according to Sibyls bookes eased mens hearts mightily of their religious feare Then one of the elect Consuls to wit Flaminius to whome were allotted those Legions which wintered at Placentia sent an Edict with letters to the Consull that the armie should bee in campe at Ariminum upon the Ides of March His purpose was to enter into his Consulship in the province remembring the old contentions and debates which hee had with the Nobles first when hee was a Tribune of the Com. and afterwards when he was Cos. as wel about the Consulship of which they would have deprived him as also about the triumph which they denied him Hated he was besides of the Senate for the new Act or Law which Q. Claudius a Tribune of the Commons had made so prejudiciall to the Senate and onely C. Flaminius of all the Nobles supported it and set it forward namely That no Senator or father of a Senator should have a ship at sea bearing above 300 Amphores for that was thought sufficient to transport their commodities and fruits to Rome rising out of their lands and livings And as for all other gaine by trafficke it was not beseeming a Nobleman and Senator This matter having been debated with great contention caused the proposer of this law Flaminius to incur much evill will and displeasure with the Nobilitie but it procured him the affection and love of the Commons and in processe of time a second Consulship Supposing therefore that with iterating the Auspices and putting him to take the presages anew by the flight of birds and by finding other delaies upon occasion of the Latine holy daies and one businesse or other belonging to the Consuls charge they would detaine and keepe him backe still in the cittie he set a countenance as though hee would take a journey like a private person and so departed secretly into the Province Which thing when it was once blazed abroad made the Nobles who were afore maliciously bent against him to be angrie anew and they gave out that it was not the Senate onely that C. Flaminius warred against but the immorrall gods also For hee who before time had been made Cos. without regard of taking Auspices and having the approbation of the birds when he was reclaimed and called both by God and man out of the field obeied not and now having a heavie conscience surcharged with offences past hath fled from the Capitoll and the solemne nuncupation making of vowes for that he would not upon the ordinarie day of entering his Magistracie visite the Temple of Iup. Opt. Max. nor because he was odious to the Senate and they likewise hated of him alone see them and aske their advise and counsaile nor proclaime the Latine holydayes and celebrate to Iup. Latialis the solemne yearely sacrifice upon the Alban hill ne yet after he had entred into the Capitoll by the luckie flight and token of birds pronounce his vowes there and depart from thence in his rich coate-armor toward the province They sayd moreover that he was slipt and stolne secretly away like a drudge that followeth the camp without the ensignes and ornaments of authoritie without Sergeants and officers as if hee had bene banished and so left his countrie minding belike to enter his governement more for the honor and dignitie of Ariminum than of Rome and to put upon him his purple robe of estate embrodred with skarlet rather in an hostelrie and common Inne than in his owne house They all every one opined and judged that he should be recalled and brought back againe peremptorily yea and be forced personally at home to performe all duties belonging to God and man before that he went forth to the province and to the armie About this embassage for they thought meete to send embassadors went Q. Terentius and M. Antislius but they prevailed no more than in his former Consulship the letters missive had done which were sent from the Senate A few dayes after he entred his office and as he was sacrificing the calfe or yong bullock being alreadie stickt got away from the hands of the sacrificers spotted many of the standers by with bloud But they that stood farre off not knowing what the matter was of that sturre fled away and ran too and fro which of most men was judged a foretoken and presage of some great affright and trouble After this when he had received the two legions of Sempronius the Consull of the yeare before and other two of C. Attilius the Pretor hee began to conduct his armie into Tuskane by the way of Apenninum THE XXII BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the two and twentith Booke ANniball came into Hetruria after he had lost one of his eies by occasion of continuall watching
passed to the Romanes side before that Anniball came unto Capua they should be transplanted on the hither side of Vulturnus the river provided that none of them should possesse either house or land within fifteene miles of the sea As concerning them who were displaced and confined to inhabit beyond the Tybre neither they nor their heires and successors for ever should purchase and hold house or land in any place but in the territorie either of Veij Sutrium or Nepesium but so as they exceeded not the stint of five hundred Acres of ground As touching the goods and chattels of all the Senatours or such as had borne Magistracie in Capua Atella or Calatia they awarded that sale should be made thereof in Capua As for those that were free borne and whose bodies were to be sould they should be sent to Rome and there set a-sale Finally the Images and Statues of brasse which were said to have bene woon and taken from the enemies whither they were sacred or profane they referred to the Colledge of the Priests and Prelates to determine thereof at their discretion Thus they gave the Campanes their dispatch and sent them away much worse apaied for these decrees than they were when they came first to Rome And now they complained no more of the cruell proceedings of Q. Fulvius against them but blamed the iniquitie and unjust dealing of the very gods and their owne cursed fortune together After the Sicilians and Campanes were dismissed there was a muster taken and when an armie was levied and enrolled there began some question and reasoning about the mariners and rowers to furnish the gallies For the accomplishment whereof when the Consuls could neither raise men enow nor yet find monie at that time in the chamber of the citie for to presse and hire them and pay their wages with all they published an edict that private men according to the rate and proportion in the Subsidie booke out of all orders degrees and companies should as aforetime find rowers at their owne charges and mainteine them with meate and money for thirtie dayes Vpon which edict and proclamation all men so grumbled and muttered and were so highly discontented and angred that they wanted an head and captaine rather then matter and occasion of a mutinie and insurrection geving out That the Consuls had taken a course and were in the very traine to plague undo and destroy the Commons of Rome like as they had alreadie the Sicilians and the Campanes For thus many yeares they have bene pilled polled cleane spent and consumed with exaction of tributes and had nothing left them but the bare ground and the same lying wast and untilled As for their houses upon their lands the enemies had burned their servants and hines such as should husband and all their grounds the commonwealth had bereaved them of one whiles buying them up to the warre for some small peece of money otherwhiles levying and presting them to the seas to be gallie-slaves for a thing of nothing A man could not so soone get one brasse farthing or single silver denere before hand but it went by and by either for gallie-pay or for yeerely tribute And to give that now which they had not they might never be brought by any force or for any mans commaundement whatsoever Let them sell and make an hand of their goods imprison and punish their bodies too when all is gone besides seeing there is nothing left them to raunsome and redeeme the same againe These and such like words were not only muttred in huggermugger but uttered also and geven out in broad termes even in the market place and before the Consuls by the multitude that flocked and gathered together in exceeding great numbers in such sort as the Consuls were not able with all thatever they could do to appease the mutinie neither by sharp rebukes nor faire words and comfortable speeches Then they said that they would give and allow them three dayes respit for to thinke and consider of these matters which they themselves bestowed wholly and employed in taking a view and survey of their goods and making dispatch and riddance thereof out of the way The next day the Consuls called the Senate together to consult about the supplie of rowers and gallie-slaves where after much debating and arguing that the Commons had good reason to make deniall at length the drift of all their speech was this That whether it were right or wrong the burden must lye on private mens shoulders there was no remedie for seeing there was no monie in the common chest how should mariners and rowers els be gotten and levied And without Armadaes how possibly should either Sicilie be held still in possession or Philip be kept out of Italie or the sea coasts of Italie remaine in safetie and securitie In these distresses and difficulties the Counsell being perplexed and to seeke for remedie and whiles every mans wits were in the waine and so confused as if they were benummed and stone cold Then Laevinus the Consull As the Magistrate qd he goeth before the Senat in place of honor and the Senate likewise before the common people in worth dignitie so they ought in al difficulties hard occurrences to undergo the weightiest burdens first and be the foremen and leaders in all dangerous adventures whatsoever For if a man would enjoyne his inferiors to beare some grievous and heavie load let him first take it up himselfe yea and impose the same upon his owne traine and companie all the rest then will be more willing and obedient to follow after and do the semblable And never will they grutch at any cost or charges when they see their leaders and rulers take more upon themselves than they are well able to weeld and susteine To the end therefore that the people of Rome may be provided and furnished of a steere rigged and trimmed as our desire is and that private persons may not thinke much nor refuse to find rowers thereunto let us first that are heere commaund our owne selves let us I say that be Senatours bring abroad in common all the gold all the silver all the brasen coine that we have so as every man reserve rings only for himselfe his wife and children and a little tablet or Iewell for his sonne as a pendant to hang about his neck Also let all them that have wives or daughters reteine still one ounce weight of gold and one pound of silver And as many as have borne office of State and sitten in the yvorie chaire keepe still the trappings and caparison of their horses and two pound weight a peece the one of gold the other of silver for to have a saltsellar and a little boll or cup to sacrifice offer unto the gods withall As for the rest of the Senators let us leave them but one pound weight of silver and no gold at all and five thousand Asses in coine
Decurions petie-captaines Mariners and Ore-men by the way The Perusines the Clusines the Rusellanes offred firre trees for the framing and making of the ships and a great quantitie of corne But for this worke he occupied only the firre hewen out of the publike forests and wasts All the States of Vmbria the Nursines also the Reatines and Amiternines and the whole country of the Sabines made promise to help him to souldiers the Marsi the Peligni and Marrucines in great umber came of their owne free wils and were enrolled to serve at sea in the navie The Camertes being allies and confederate to the Romanes but not tied to any service sent a brave companie of sixe hundred men well armed And when as there were set out the keeles or botomes for thirtie ships twentie Caravels of five course of ores and ten of foure himselfe in person plied the carpenters and shipwrights so and set forward the worke that 45 daies after the timber was brought out of the wood the ships were finished rigged armed and furnished with all things and shot into the water So to Sicilie he sailed with thirtie long ships of warre having embarked therein almost seven thousand of voluntarie servitours P. Licinius also for his part came into the Brutians country unto the two consularie armies of which he tooke unto him and chose that which L. Veturius the Consull had commaunded and suffred Metellus to have the leading still of those legions which had bene under his conduct before supposing that he should more easilie employ them in service because they were acquainted alreadie with his manner of regiment and governance The Pretours likewise went into their sundrie provinces And because money was wanting for to deffray the charges of the warres the high Treasurers were commaunded to make sale of all that tract of the Campane countrey which from the Greeke Fosse extendeth toward the sea And there was graunted out a commission to give notice of those lands and looke what ground so ever belonged to any citizen of Capua it was confiscate to the use of the people of Rome and for a reward to him that gave such notice there was assigned the tenth part of the monie that the land was rated and prised at Also Cn. Servilius the citie Pretour had geven him in charge to take order that the Campanes should dwell where as they were allowed to inhabite by vertue of a decree graunted forth by the Senate and to punish those that dwelt elsewhere In the same summer Mago the sonne of Amilcar being departed from the lesse Baleare Iland where he abode the winter season and having embarked a chosen power of yong lustie men sailed over into Italie with a fleete of thirtie ships headed with brasen piked beakes and many hulks of burden and there he set aland his souldiours to the number of twelve thousand footemen and welneere two thousand horse and with his sodaine comming surprised Genua by reason that there lay no garisons in those parts to guard and defend the seacosts From thence he sailed along and arrived in the river of the Alpine Ligurians to see if he could by his comming raise some commotion rebellion The Ingauni a people of the Ligurians fortuned to warre at that present with certaine mountainers the Epanterij Whereupon Mago having laid up and bestowed safe all the prizes pillage that he had won in Savo a towne upon the Alpes and left ten ships of warre riding in the river for a sufficient guard and sent away the rest to Carthage for to keepe the sea coasts at home because there ran a common rumor that Scipio would passe the seas and over into Affrick himselfe after he had concluded a league and amitie with the Ingauni whose favour he more affected and esteemed than the others set in hand to assaile the mountainers Besides his power increased dayly for that the Frenchmen flocked unto him from all parts upon the noyle and voyce of his name Intelligence here of was geven to the Senate by the letters of Sp. Lucretius who were with these newes exceedingly troubled and perplexed for feare least they had rejoyced in vaine for the death of Asdruball and the defeature of his armie two yeare before in case there should arise from thence another warre as great and dangerous as the other differing in nothing els but the exchange of theGenerall And therefore they gave order and direction both to M. Livius the Proconsull to come forward with his armie of Voluntaries out of Tuskane into Ariminum and also unto Cn. Servilius the citie Pretour if he thought requisite and expedient for the Common-wealth to commit the two legions of citizens attending about Rome to whomsoever he pleased for to be commaunded and led forth of the citie So M. Valerius Laevinus conducted those legions to Aretium About the same time certaine hulks of the Carthaginians to the number of fourescore were bourded and taken about Sardinia by Cn. Octavius governor of that province Caelius writeth that they were loden with corne and victuals sent unto Anniball But Valerius reporteth that as they were carying the pillage taken in Hetruria and certaine prisoners of the Ligurian mountainers into Carthage they were intercepted and surprized by the way There was no memorable thing that yeere done in the Brutians countrey The pestilence raigned as well amongst the Romanes as the Carthaginians and they died thereof alike on both sides Mary the Carthaginian armie besides the plague were afflicted also with famine Anniball passed all that sommer time neere unto the temple of Iuno Lacinia where he built and reared an alter and dedicated it with a glorious title of his worthie acts engraven in Punick and Greeke letters THE XXIX BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the nine and twentith Booke CAius Laelius being sent from Scipio out of Sicilie into Africk brought from thence a huge bootie and declared unto Scipio the credence and message that hee had from Masanissa who complained of him that he had not as yet passed over with his fleet into Africk The warre in Spaine which Indibilis had raised was dispatched himselfe slaine in the field and Mandonius was delivered by his owne men into the Romanes hands that demaunded him of them Mago who was in France and Liguria had out of Africke sent unto him both a great power of souldiours and also money to wage aida with a commission and precept to ioyne himselfe unto Anniball Scipio crossed the seas from Saracose into the Brutii and ecovered the cittie Locri after he had discomsited the garrison there and put to flight Anniball Peace was concluded with Philip. The goddesse Dame Idas was brought solemnely to Rome from Pessinus by occasion of a prophesie found in the bookes of Sybilla to this effect That then the forreine enemie might be driven out of Italic when Dame Cybelic of Ida was
violent contagion and influence of the same maladie if not greater and more grievous had not assailed the enemies Seeing that therefore himselfe was not able to come unto the election hee was minded if it might so stand with the good liking of the Lords of the Senate to nominate as Dictatour Q. Cecilius Metellus for to hold the foresaid election And as for the armie of Q. Cecilius it was for the good of the Common-weale that it should be cassed and discharged since that there was no imployment of them at this present considering that Anniball was retired alreadie with his forces into his standing camp and taken up his wintering harborough and againe the pestilence grew so hote in that leaguer of his that if they were not discharged betimes there was not one of them like to escape and remain alive In these points the LL. of the Senate graunted out their commission unto the Consull for to doe according as himselfe thought to stand either with his owne credite and trust committed unto him or the benefit of the Commonweale At the very same time there was a certaine religious opinion that had possessed of a suddaine the whole citie by occasion of a certaine prophesie found in the books of Sibylla When search was made into them and they diligently perused about the raining of stones which happened so often that yeare The Prophesie ran in this forme At what time soever an enemie of a strange and forraine countrey shall happen to make warre upon Italie hee may bee chased out of Italie and vanquished if the goddesse dame Cybele of Ida were brought to Rome from Pessinus This prophesie found by the Decemvits moved the Senate the more for that the Embassadors also who carried the oblation and present aforesaid to Delphos related That as they themselves sacrificed unto Pythius Apollo all the inwards of the beast killed for sacrifice appeared good and shewed prosperitie and the Oracle besides gave answere That there was a farre greater victorie toward the people of Rome than that was out of the spoiles wherof they brought gifts and offered to the good at this present And for to make up and fully accomplish these hopes they alleaged withall how P. Scipio in demaunding the province of Affricke did presage as it were before-hand in his mind the finall end of this warre To the end therefore that they might with more speed obtained this honourable victorie thus foretokened and offering as it were it selfe by all luckie ossings of men and Oracles of the gods they thought and devised some mean to transport the said goddesses to Rome The people of Rome in those daies was confedered with no States of Asia howbeit the LL. calling to mind how long agoe upon occasion of a sicknesse and to purchase health unto the people Aesculapius was sent for likewise out of Greece before it was joined with the cittie of Rome in any league or societie and considering withall that there was some friendship amitie begun alreadie with king Attalus in regard of the common warre against Philip and that hee would bee readie to doe for the people of Rome whatsoever lay in his power they resolved to send unto him an honourable Embassage to wit M. Valerius Levinus who had been twice Consull and had warred in Greece M. Cecilius Metellus who had ben a Pretour and Servius Sulpitius Galba likewise an Aedile and two late Questours G. Tremelius Flaccus and M. Valerius Falco For these five they assigned five Quinqueremes or Gallies of five rankes of oares that according to the credote and dignitie of the people of Rome they should make a voiage into those lands with whome they were to win a reputation and majestie to the Romane name and State These Embassadours as they held on their course toward Asia so soone as they were put a land at Delphos repaired directly to the Oracle for to know what good hope it might affourd unto them and the people of Rome of effecting that businesse and commission about the which they were sent forth And this answer by report was returned to them again That they should obtain their desire and effectuate their purpose by the meanes of Attalus the king advising them moreover That when they had conveighed the said goddesse downe to Rome they should take order that the very best man of all others in the cittie should give her lodging and entertainement But to proceed to Pergamus they came unto the king Who having courteously received welcommed the Embassadors conducted them into Phrygia to Pessinus and delivered into their hands that sacred holy stone which the inhabitants of the countrie said was the Mother of the gods and willed them to carrie it to Rome Then M. Valerius Falco was sent backe from the other Embassadours to advertise them at Rome that the goddesse was comming and that they should seeke out the best man in all the cittie for to receive and lodge her in his house with all devotion that might be Now was Q. Cecilius Metellus nominated Dictatour by the Consull in the Brutians countrie against the solemne election of the magistrates His armie was disbanded and cassed and L. Veturius Philo created maister of the horse Then the Dictatour held the Election In which were chosen Consuls M. Cornelius Cethegus and P. Sempronius Tuditanus in his absence who at that time had the government of Greece After them were elected Pretors T. Claudius Nero M. Martius Ralla L. Scribonius Libo M. Pomponius Matho When the Election was finished the Dictatour resigned up his place of magistracie The Romane Games were thrice renued set forth and the plaies Plebey seven times exhibited The Aediles of the chaire were Cn. and L. Cornelius Lentuli both This Lucius governed then the province of Spaine created he was in his absence and absent as he was he bare that dignitie The Aediles of the Commons were T. Claudius Asellus and M. Iunius Pennus That yeare M. Marcellus dedicated the temple of Vertue neere the gate Capena the seventeenth yeare after it was vowed by his father at Clastidium in Gallia during the time of his first Consulship There died also this yeare a Flamine of Mars namely M. Aemylius Regillus For the last two yeares the affaires in Greece had not beene well followed Philip therefore taking the vauntage that the Aetolians were forsaken of the Romanes the onely aid upon which they trusted forced them both to sue for peace and to contract the same under what conditions and capitulations himselfe pleased which if hee had not made the better hast all that ever hee could to accomplish in good time P. Sempronius the vice-Consul sent to succeed Sulpitius in the government had utterly defeated him whiles he waged warre with the Aetolians considering that he was ten thousand foot and a thousand horse strong and had five thirtie tall ships of war headed with brasen pikes before a power of no small importance I assure you to aid and
was another maladie and mischiefe as dangerous setled as it were within the ribs and in the very heart of Greece to wit Nabis the Tyrant at this present of the Lacedemonians only but shortly if he may be let alone of all Greece who for avarice and crueltie is equall to all the famous and noted tyrants that ever were and if he be suffred to possesse himselfe of Argos and to hold it as a fortresse to commaund all Peloponnesus when the Romane armies shall be once transported home againe into Italie in faith Greece may make small boast of being delivered from Philip for this they shall bee sure of at least if of nothing els to have a neere neighbour tyrant in steed of a king far off for to be their lord and imperiously to commaund them The auncient Senators hearing these intelligence from grave persons of good qualitie and who made report of all things no by hearesay but upon their owne knowledge were of advise and resolved to have a good eye and regard with all speed unto Antiochus considering the king was passed alreadie into Syria whatsoever the occasion was But as touching the Tyrant after they had disputed and debated the matter long time Whether they had sufficient cause alreadie to determine upon some small conclusion or should referre unto the wisedome judgement of T. Iuintius the managing of those affaires therein to proceed and do according as he should deeme it good expedient for the Common-wealth in fine they permited him to use his owne discretion concerning the Lacedemonian Tyrant supposing that the matter was not of such weight and consequence as to concerne the maine state of the weale publick so materially whether it were hastened or protracted but rather it behoved them to be advised consider well what Anniball and the Carthaginians would do if happily the war with Antiochus were begun and once a foot They at Carthage that sided with the adverse faction of Annibal had sent divers sundry letters unto the principal LL. at Rome every one privatly to his friends to this effect That there passed messengers letters from Anniball to Antiochus and that there were embassadors againe that secretly came from the king to him And like as there be some beasts so wild savage as never can be named so the courage spirit of that man was such as might not possibly be dulced or appeased For he daily complained that the citie languished and grew feeble with idlenes and by sitting stil doing nothing was overgrowne as it were with mosse and unpossible it was to raise stir it up but with sound of armor and weapons These advertisements caried likelihood of truth and good credit with them in regard of the late warre so fresh in memorie which he alone began first and managed to the last Over and besides he had provoked by a late act of his many great and mightie personages who set their hearts against him The order and degree of Iudges at the time bare chiefe sway and soveraigne authoritie in Carthage in this respect principally for that the same Iudges were perpetuall The goods the honour and reputation yea and the life of every man lay in their hands Hee that displeased one of that bench was sure to have all the rest his enemies and to be upon him and there never wanted one promoter or other to carrie tales and give information to these judges against a man if they saw them ill affected once and bent against one During the time of this emperious and tyrannicall rule of theirs for as their power was exceeding all measure so they bare themselves there in as outragiously beyond the limits of civilitie it was Anniball his hap to be Pretour and by vertue of his place he sent for one of the treasurers to come before him but he made no reckning of his authoritie and refused to obey for the said treasurer was one of the contrarie side and because from the degree of those treasurers they mounted presently into the highest order of the judges therefore he carried with him an hautie mind alreadie in regard of the high roume that he was shortly to stepinto Anniball you may be sure tooke this as a great disgrace and indignitie to his person and therefore hee sent a pursevant or sargeant to attach the bodie of the Treasurer aforesaid and presently calling the people to a general assembly he commaunded him there to be presented where he accused and blamed the partie himselfe no more than the whole order and degree of the judges through whose insolent pride and excessive power both lawes and magistrates were nothing regarded but troden under foot And perceiving that these words of his tickled the itching eares of the people considering also that their proud demeanor prejudiced the libertie of the meanest persons immediatly he published a law and gate it enacted That those judges should be chosen every yeare and that from thence forth one and the same man might not be a judge two yeares togither But looke how much thanke he had at the commons hands for this act so much he offended many of the great men and principals of the citie Another thing besides he did whereby hee purchased to himselfe the ill will of some privat persons in tendring the common good of the weale publick The financies and revenues of the State partly through negligence went to decay and partly were shared out in dividends betweene some certaine of the head citizens and magistrates and more than that the mony which by way of tribute was to be paid yeerely unto the Romans was too short and not to be found and it appeared that a sore levie would be imposed upon privat persons shortly to make those paiments out of their owne purses Anniball after he had cast up the bookes and made an estimate and just abstract how much the rents and revenues of the citie amounted unto as well from customers by sea as land and to what uses they were emploied and perceiving thereby what was desrayed in the ordinarie charges of the State what went a wrong way and was averted by these theeves to their owne selves he pronounced aloud in open audience of the whole assembly That the arrerages should be gathered up brought into the common chest and so privat persons might be discharged and eased of their impositions of tribute and the common-wealth would be rich enough and able to perfourme and furnish out the monies due to the people of Rome And as he thus said so he was as good as his word and executed it accordingly Then these caterpillers who for certaine yeeres lived by robberie of the common treasure and fed upon the fruits of the citie fared spightfully against Anniball as if he had done them great wrong in taking their owne goods from them and not proceeded in justice to wrest out of their hands their stollen substance and in great malice and bitternesse ceased
which peace proclaimeth and peace pulleth downe that which warre set up like as in the government and rule of a ship one thing is requisite in faire weather and calme sea another in soule and troublesome tempests These things thus being in nature divers and distinct let us consider I pray you of whether sort is this law that now we are in hand to revoke What is it one of the auncient and royall lawes made by the kings and equall in time with the foundation of our citie or that which is the next in time and authoritie was it set downe and written in the twelve tables by the Decemvirs created of purpose to devise and make lawes Is it of that nature without the which as our ancestors were of opinion that the honestie and honour of matrons could not be preserved so we are to feare likewise least by the repealing thereof wee overthrow the modestie chastitie and integritie of maried women Why who knoweth not that this is a new law of twentie yeeres standing and continuance and no more made whiles Q. Fabius and Titas Sempronius were Consuls And seeing that without it wives lived so many yeeres before in good name and same and in passing good order tell me what danger can ensue and why wee need to feare least if it bee annulled they should breake out to all loosenes and disorder Mary if this law had beene made at first to gage the wantonesse of women beleeve me then it were greatly to be doubted that the putting downe thereof would stirre them up againe to their former outrage But to what end it was devised the time it selfe is able to shew and testifie Anniball beeing in Italie had woon a victorie at Cannae he was now master of Tarentum lord of Arpi and possessed of Capua every houre men looked when hee would march forward and advance his ensignes against Rome our allies were revolted and gone souldiours wee had no more of our owne to supply and make up the decaied bands no mariners and sea servitours could we find for the maintenance of our Armada all our treasure in the citie chamber was spent and consumed Driven we were to this exigent as to take up bondilaves for to serve in warres and to buy them of their maisters for day yea and to make paiment of their price after the warre was ended For want of money also the Publicanes and Farmours of our domaine and publicke profites undertooke to serve the armie with corne and to furnish us with all things needfull for warre at a certaine price and gave us the like day and time of paiment The gally slaves that served at the oare we found and maintained with our own proper privat charges a rate and proportion was set down according to our revenues and worth in the subsidie booke what number every one should bee charged with All the gold and silver that wee had in private we brought forth in commune and the Senators themselves led the way first and gave good ensample The widdowes and orphane children brought in their stockes of money to the cittie chamber Streight order was given that wee should not have in our houses either of gold or silver wrought in plate or otherwise above so much nor of silver and brasse in coine and currant money beyond a certaine proportion limitted At such a time our dames be like were set all upon their braveries prunning trimming and tricking themselves in such sort as the law Oppia must needs be devised there was no other remedie to keepe downe their excessive pride and superfluous expence in their attire and ornaments even then I say when by occasion that the solemne feast and sacrifice of Ceres was discontinued by reason of the generall mourning and heavie cheare of all the wives of the cittie the Senate was faine to take order that they should finish and end their sorrowfull mourning within thirtie daies Who is so blind that seeth not how in regard onely of the povertie and extreame calamitie of the citie and because all the monies of private persons should bee converted into a common stocke and for a publicke use this law was first framed drawne and set down so long onely to stand in strength and vertue as the cause of penning and writing it should endure and continue For otherwise if those acts and decrees of the Senat if those orders and ordinances of the Commons respective unto that present time should bee in force and observed forever Why make we paiment of the loane money unto private men Why doe wee set and to ferm let our commodities our customes and revenues of the citie unto farmers for readie rent Why put we forth our publick works for present money paid downe upon the naile Wherefore buy we not slaves to serve in our warres Lastly why are we not put to find marriners and oarmen at our owne proper charges as then we did All other estates and degrees all men els of what calling soever feele a great change in the state of the citie from woe to weale from adversitie to prosperitie and shall our wives onely misse the good thereof and not once tast nor enjoy the fruits of peace and publick repose and tranquilitie Shall we that are men be in purple scarlet Shall we wear our embrodered gowns and robes when we are magistrats shall we put on our rich amyces and copes when we exercise the function and ministerie of the high priests shall our children goe in their side garments pursuled afore with purple shall wee permit and priviledge the head officers and magistrates in our Colonies and Burrough townes nay shall we suffer here at Rome the maisters and constables of every parish the meanest and basest officers of all other to weare embrodered gowns and studded with purple and not only so for to grace and credit themselves with these goodly ornaments and badges of worship and honour during their life but also after their death the same to bee burned and buried with them And shall wee debarre and forbid our women onely to use purple and skarlet in their apparell And when you the husband may have purple and skarlet carpets counterpointes and footclothes what reason is there to denie your wife the mistresse of the house a gowne or mantle of the same And shall your horse bee attrapped and barbed more richly and better set out with his capparison than your wife arraied in her apparrell But in truth for purple and scarlet which are the worse for the wearing and waxeth bare me thinkes I see some reason such as it is although it be very hard of sparing and restraint marie for gold wherein little or nothing is lost but the fashion and workemanship what niggardise what miserie is this to make spare of it and to denie it them Nay I dare avow and abide by it there is great benefit and use there of in time of extremitie and it may helpe at a pinch both in publick affairs
purpose wrate his letters unto the Senate for a warrant and commission to passe with his legions into Istria The Senat was therewith contented But whereas they were in question and consultation about conducting a Colonie to inhabite Aquileia they could not agree whom to send whether Latines or Romane citizens But in conclusion the LL. thought it better to plant there a Colonie of Latines The Triumvirs for to effect this were created P. Scipio Nasica C. Flamininus and L. Manlius Acidinus The same yeere were two Colonies of Romane citizens erected at Mutina and Parma and two thousand persons were to either place translated out of the territorie which lately was occupied by the Boians and before time had bene in the tenour of the Tuscans They of Parma were endued with eight acres of land and those of Mutina with five a peece The Triumvir-Commissioners who had the disposing and mannaging of this businesse were M. Aemylius Lepidus T. Ebutius Carus and L. Quintius Crispinus Likewise the colonie Saturnia consisting of Romane cittizens was brought into the territorie of Caletra by the conduct of Q. Fabius Labco C. Asranius Stellio and T. Sempronius Gracchus deputed Triumvits therefore who set out for every man ten acres of ground The same yeere A. Terentius the Pro-pretour not farre from the river Iberus in the Ausetanes countrie fought fortunatly against the Celtiberians and forced certaine townes which they had fortified Base Spaine beyond Iberus was quiet this yeere because both P. Sempronius the Propretour lay sicke of a long disease and also the Lusitanians as good hap was rested still quiet as being by no man provoked to stirre Neither was there any memorable exploit atchieved in Liguria by Q. Fabius the Consull M. Marcellus was called home out of Istria and after he had discharged his armie returned to Rome for to hold the election of the magistrates For Consuls he created Cn. Babius Tamphilus and L. Aemylius Paulus This man had bene Aedile Curule together with M. Aemylius Lepidus who was Consull five yeeres before and yet the same Lepidus suffered the repulse twise ere he was created Consull Then were Pretours chosen to wit Q. Fulvius Flaccus M. Valerius Laevinus L. Manlius the second time M. Ogulnius Gallus L. Cacilius Denter C. Terentius Istra In the very end of the yeere there was a solemne supplication holden by occasion of certain prodigies for men beleeved verily that in the court-yard of the goddesse Concordia it rained bloud for the space of two daies reported it was not far from Sicilie that a new Iland was discovered out of the sea where never any was before seene Valerius Antias writeth that Anniball died this yeere and that to compasse and worke his death there were sent in embassage to Prusias L. Scipio Asiatticus P. Scipio Nasica besides T. Quintius Flamininus who in that action is named most THE XL. BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The BrevÃarie of L. Florus upon the fortieth Booke WHen Philip had given commandement to make streight search for the children of those whom he kept in prison and personages they were of most noble birth for to put them to death The oxena feaving the king his malicious intent and wicked lust in the behalfe as well of her owne children as of her sisters litle ones God wot and very young infants brought foorth and offered unto the said children naked keene swords and a cup of deadly poyson persuading with them to avoid the imminent shame dishonour by present death which after shee had obtained and seene effected fore likewise plaied her owne part and flew her owne selfe Moreover in this booke are related the debate and variance betweene Perseus und Demetrius the two sounes of Philip king of Macedonie and how Demetrius came to his death by poison through the mischievous practise of his brother Perseus who devised false crimes and raised slanders against him and principally among the rest charged him that he intented to kill his owne father and meant to usurpe the kingdome and last of all because he was a friend to the people of Rome by which meanes after the death of Philip Persous obtained the crowne Also it containeth the happie exploits atchieved by many and divers commaunders in Liguria and in Spaine against the Celtiberians The bookes of Numa Pompilius were by certaine husbandmen as they laboured in the ground of L. Petilius a Notarie under the Ianiculum found enclosed within a coffer of stone and written both in Latine and Greeke And when the Pretour of the cittie to whome the bookes were brought had perused them and sound therein many points tending to overthrow religion and the divine service of the gods he sware before the Senate that it was daungerous for the State and common-wealth that they should be red and preserved in such sort that by an Act of the State they were burned within the Comitium or Hall of publick assemblies The Colom e Aquileia was now erected Philip exceedingly displeased with himselfe pricked with remorse of conscience for that he had caused his sonne Demetrius to be poisoned upon the false suggestions and accusations of his other sonne framed against him devised to punish Perseus and rather to conserve the kingdome upon Antigonus his friend than that his sonne should succed him but in this designement and purpose of his he suddainly died and so Perseus tooke the crowne and kingdome upon him IN the beginning of the yeere next ensuing the Consuls and Pretours cast lots for their severall governments As for the Consuls there was no other province to employ them in but Liguria The civile jurisdiction among citizens fell to M. Ogalnius Gallus and the forrein over strangers to M. Valerius High Spaine was assigned unto Q. Fulvius Flaceus and the nether-land thereof to P. Manlius L. Cecilius Denter had the governance of Sicilie and C. Terentius Istra of Sardinia The Consuls were enjoyned to take musters for Q. Fabius had written out of Liguria that the Appuans inclined to rebellion and greatly to be feared it was that they would breake out and make rodes into the territorie of Pisa. And well they knew alreadie that of the two provinces of Spain the higher parts were in armes and the war with the Celtiberians was still in traine and as for the lower the militarie discipline there was cleane corrupt and gone by reason of riotous pleasures and idlenes where unto the souldiours were wholly given by occasion that the Pretour lay so long sicke For these causes thought good it was that new armies should be levied and enrolled to wit four legions for Liguria and every one of them to containe 5200 foote and 300 horse unto which there was an addition of fifteene thousand footmen and nine hundred men of armes from our of the Latine allies And these two armies were to serve the Consuls But over and besides they were commaunded to enroll seven
that there was a litle book given to my supposed mother sealed with the signe manuell of king Perseus which shee was to deliver unto me when I came once to ripe age and to be 14 yeres old charging her most streightly of all loves to conceale the whole matter until that time were come when I was grown to that age aforesaid then the book was given mee wherin mention was made of two chists of treasure left for mee by my father Then the woman who knew full well that I was no child of hers but onely so reputed bewraied my birth unto me who was aforetime ignorant of mine own descent also the woman laid great wait upon me to depart out of those quarters before that Eumenes a professed enemie to Perseus came to the knowledge thereof for feare to bee murdered In which respect I being affrighted and hoping withall to find some aid at the hands of Demetrius went into Syria and there first I tooke heart unto mee and dared openly to professe who I was and never before Thus much of Andriscus this counterfet kings sonne Of the L. booke THessalie at what time as the foresaid counterset Philip would have invaded and kept it by force of arms was by the means of the Roman embassadors together with the aid of the Achaeans defended Prusias king of Bithynia a favourer of the basest persons and lewdest vices was by his owne sonne Nicomedes murdered with the helpe of Attalus King of Pergamus Another son he had who in stead of the upper row and course of distinct teeth is reported to have had one entier bone for all growing out at his gumbs When the Romans had sent their embassadours to conclude a peace betweene Nicomedes and Prusias of which embassadours the one had his head full of many skarres the other was troubled with the gout in the feet and the third reputed but blockish of spirit by nature and none of the wisest Cato said That there was an embassage head-lesse footlesse and hart-lesse In Syria which at that time had for their king one indeed of the line race of Perseus K. of Macedonie but another Prusias up and downe for cowardise idlenes and base mind it so fell out that whiles he haunted taverns stewes and brothelhouses and lay there altogether Ammonius swaid the scepter and raigned as King by whose practise the kings friends also Loodice the Queene and Antigonus the sonne of Demetrius came to their end and were killed Masanissa king of Numidia a man above foureskore and ten yeeres old a famous prince and every way excellent yeelded to nature and died Among other youthfull parts which hee performed to his dying day this one That in this old age of his he was so lustie that after the foureskore and sixth yeere of his life he got a boy Among his three sonnes Mycipsa the eldest Gulussa and Manastabal who also had good knowledge in the Greeke tongue Publius Scipio Aemylianus divided the administration of the kingdome for their father had left it in common for them all and had given order to part it at the discretion of the same Scipio Likewise he persuaded Phamias the commaunder under Himilco of the Carthaginian Cavallerie a valiant warrior and whom the Carthaginians emploied most of all others in service to revolt with his men of armes and to turne Romane Of those three embassadors abovesaid who were sent to Masanissa Claudius Marcellus was cast away in a tempest upon the sea and swallowed up of the waves in a ghust The Carthaginians murdered in their Counsel-Chamber Asdruball nephew of Masanissa and their Pretour for the time being upon suspition of treason This iealousie of theirs arose hereupon for that hee was neere in kindred and bloud to Gulussa who friended and succoured the Romanes Publius Scipio Aemylianus when hee sued to be Aedile was by the people propounded and nominated for Consull and when as by law he might not for his young yeres be created Consull hard hold there was about him whiles the commons laboured with might and maine for him and the nobles and lords of the Senate gainesaid it a good while but in fine he was dispensed with notwithstanding the law in that behalfe created Consul Marcus Manilius Pro-consull forced certaine citties situate about Carthage Counterfet Philip after he had slaine M. Inventius the Pretor and Q. Caelius together with them defeated the armie was in Macedonie vanquished himselfe and taken prisoner and so Macedonie was recovered againe which had bene lost before Of the LI. booke CArthage which tooke up in circuite the compasse of foure and twentie miles was with exceeding paine and travaile besieged and woon by peece-meale first under the conduct of Mancinus the lieutenant afterwards of Scipio the Consull unto whom without lot the province of Africke was extraordinarily graunted The Carthaginians having made a new peere for that the old haven was choked and stopped up by Scipio and gathered secretly in a small time a good fleet fought a battaile at sea unfortunately Moreover the campe of Asdruball their Generall pitched in a place of most difficult accesse neere the towne Nepheris was forced and his armie defeated by Scipio who also in the end was the very cittie of Carthage in the seven hundred yere after it was first founded The greatest part of the spoile and pillage there found was restored to the Sicilians from whome it had been taken In the utmost extremitie and finall destruction of that citie when Asdruball had yeelded and submitted to Scipio his wife who some daies before could not obtain at her husbands hands to abandon the towne and flie to the conquerour cast her selfe with her two children headlong from the castle into the mids of the flaming fire wherewith the citie burned Scipio following the example of his father Aemylius Paulus who had conquered Macedonie set forth certaine solemn and plaies and pastimes wherein the renegates and fugitives he presented and obiected to savage beasts The causes of the Athaean warre bee heere reported The Romane embassadours who had bene beaten and ill intreated by the Achaeans were sent unto Corinth to sever and disioine those citties which had bene under the seignorie of Philip from the generall diet and parliament of the Achaeans Of the LII booke QVintus Caecilius Metellus fought a battaile at Thermopylae with the Achaeans that had to aid them the Boeotians and Chalcidians who being overcome Critolaus their chiefe captain shortned his owne life by poison and in his place Drachus the first authour of the troubles in Achaea was by the Achaeans chosen Generall of the field and by L. Mummius the Consull vanquished neere to Isthmus who having received all Achaea by surrender rased and destroied utterly Corinth by an Act and commission directed out of the Senate because the Romane embassadours were there abused Thebes also and Chalcis which had aided the Achaeans were overthrown and pulled downe Mummius for his owne part bare
himself most abstinent and uncorrupt for of all that wealth those goods and ornaments wherewith Corinth was mightily enriched there came not one parcell into his house Quintus Caecilius Metellus triumphed for the conquest of Andriscus and Publius Cornelius Scipio Affricanus Aemylianus likewise over Carthage and Asdruball Viriatus in Spaine first of an heardman became an hunter and of a hunter prooved to bee a very theefe and robber and within a while after was chosen Generall of a complete and maine armie and seized to his owne use all Portugall He took prisoner M. Vitilius the Pretor when he had first discomfited his hoast in the field After whom C. Plautius the Pretour sped no better in fight This enemie so terrified the Romanes that to make head against him they found it necessarie to employ a full consular armie and a Consull commander Moreover in this booke be recorded the troubles of Syria and the warres between the kings Alexander an obscure person and base borne having staine as is beforesaid Demetrius the king reigned in Syria Him Demetrius the son of Demetrius slew by the help of Ptolomaeus king of Aegypt whose daughter Cleopatra he had espoused and married This Demetrius in times past had bene sent out of the way into Gnidos by his father fearing the doubtfull chaunces of the war and he entred upon this action by occasion of the contemptible sloth and cowardise of the said Alexander Ptolomeus was grievously wounded in the head and in the cure whiles the Chirurgians went about to trypanize the bones of his skull died under their hand And in his stead Ptolomeus his younger brother who reigned in Cyrenae succeeded and tooke upon him the crowne Demetrius for his crueltie which he exercised upon his people by racking and other torments was vanquished in battaile by Diodorus one of his owne subjects who made claime to the kingdome in the right and title of Alexanders sonne a young child hardly two yeeres old whereupon he fled to Seleucia Lucius Mummius triumphed over the Achaeans in which solemnitie he carried in pompeous shew sundrie images as well of brasse as marble besides pictures and peinted tables Of the LIII booke APpius Claudius the Consull subdued the Salassians a nation inhabiting the Alpes A second Mock-Philip there was in Macedonie who by L. Tremellius the treasurer was with his army defeated and slaine Q. Cecilius Metellus the Pro-consul gave the Celtiberians an overthrow The most part of Portugal was regained by Q. Fabius the Pro consull and many cities therof by assault forced C. Iulius a Senator by calling wrate the Romane historie in the Greeke tongue Of the L IIII. booke QVintus Pompeius the Consull subdued the Termeslines in Spaine with whome verily as also with the Numantines by occasion of his infirmitie and sicklinesse he concluded peace Are-view and numbring of the citizens was taken by the Censors wherein were enrolled foure hundred twentie eight thousand three hundred fortie two polls At what time as the Macedonian embassadours came to complaine of D. Iunius Syllanus the lord deputie over them for that hee tooke their money and neverthelesse made an havocke of the province and thereupon the Senate was willing to have the hearing of their complaints T Manlius Torquatus the father of Syllanus exhibited a request and obtained that the inquirie and decision of such a matter as this might bee referred over and committed unto him And after he had sitten upon this commission at home in his own house and found his sonne guiltie he both condemned him and put him away nay when afterwards as hee had hanged himselfe for that was his end he would not be so much as present at his funerall but according to his ordinarie manner and custome sat in his house attending all clients and commers to him for counsell Q. Fabius the Proconsull after he had managed the warres in Spain right prosperously marred all with this foule blot and spot of dishonour in that he contracted a peace with Viriatus upon even and equal conditions This Viriatus by a practise complotted by Servilius Caepio was trecherously murdered by traitors and of his own armie was much bewailed At his death he was rung out of this world with a notable peale of farewell and right honorably enterred an excellent man and most brave captaine for the space of thirteene yeeres during which time he warred with the Romanes and ever for the most part went away with the winning hand Of the LV. booke VVHiles P. Cornelius Nasica who by way of mockerie was surnamed Serapio by scoffing Curatius a Tribune of the Commons D. Iunius Brutus the Consul took the musters there happened in the very sight of the new and raw souldior an occurrent of great consequence for example sake exceeding profitable For C. Matienus was iudicially accused before the Tribunes of the Commons for that he had abandoned and forsaken his owne armie in Spaine whereupon he being convict was condemned and scourged a long while with rods carrying a forke or crosse upon his shoulders and in the end sold as a slave for a small peece of silver of three halfepence farthing cue The Tribunes of the Commons because they might be allowed to exempt from militarie service tenne souldiors apeece whom it pleased them to chuse commaunded the Consuls to prison Iun. Brutus the Consul whiles he was in Spaine endued those soldiors who had served under Viriatus with land and living and gave them a towne to inhabit called Valentia M. Popilius together with his armie was soiled and put to the rout by the Numantines with whom the peace that was concluded the Senate had passed an act that it should not stand in force The occasion was this As C. Mancinus the Consull was devoutly sacrificing the sacred chickens chaunced to flie away out of their cage or coupe Afterwards as he was about to take sea and goe a shipboord for to passe over into Spain there happened a voice to be heard saying Stay Stay Mancinus These proved in the effect to be unfortunate and heavie presages unto Mancinus for he received an overthrow at the Numantines hands and was turned cleane out of his camp And seeing no-hope els to save his armie he entred into a dishonorable peace with them but the Senat expresly revoked and annulled the same 30000 Romans were defeited by 4000 Numantines no more D. Iunius made a generall conquest of all Portugall even as far as to the Ocean by forcing and sacking their citties and strong townes and when his soldiors were loth to passe over the river Oblivio hee caught up a banner from the port-ensigne and carried it over with him and by this means persuaded them to go through Alexanders son king of Syria a child not above ten yeers old at the most was trecherously murdered by Diodorus his guardian or protector surnamed Tryphon There were physicians by corruption bribed suborned to give it out and beare
had sent out under hand to that purpose turned their ensignes unto him and followed his standerd Scipio when hee mought have bene killed was let go Cn. Pompeius the sonne of that Cneus who woon Asculum enrolled an armie of voluntaries and câ—me unto Sylla with three legions unto whom also the nobilitre all and whole ranged themselves as abandoning the citie they repaired to the campe Finally in this booke report is made of the expeditions performed by captaines of both sides throughout all Italie Of the LXXXVI booke THat yeere wherein C. Marius the sonne of C. Mâ—rius was by forcible meanes and strong hand created Consull before he was twentie yeeres of age C. Fabius in Affricke was burnt quicke in his owne pavâ—lion for his bloudie crueltie and greedie avarice L. Philippus lieutenant unto Sylla seized Sardinia after he had dâ—scomfited and slaine Q. Antonius the Pretour Sylla contracted a league with the States of Italie to put them out of feare that he would not bereave them of their freedome of Rome and libertie of suffrages lately graunted unto them In like manner upon assured confidence that he had alreadie of undoubted victorie he commaunded all those that were in suite and resorted unto him for iurisdiction to adiourne their apparance in court and to appeare at Rome Whiles the cittie yet was divided and distracted two waies L. Damasippius the Pretour having according to the will and pleasure of C. Marius the Consull gathered the Senate together massacred all the nobilitie of the cittie Out of which number Q. Mutius Scaevola the Arch-Pontifie as hee fled was in the very porch and entrie of Vestaries temple murdered Besides this booke conteineth the war renewed by L. Muraeim against Mâ—thridates in Asia Of the LXXXVII booke Sylla after he had discomfited and overthrowne the armie of C. Marius neere a place called Sacriportus besieged him within the towne Preneste The cittie of Rome bee recovered out of the hands of his enemies and when Marius made an offer to sallie forth hee repelled him Moreover this booke conteineth the exploits atchieved by his lieutenants with the like fortune of that side in all places Of the LXXXVII booke Sylla after he had discomfited and overthrowne the armie of C. Marius neere a place called Sacriportus besieged him within the towne Preneste The cittie of Rome bee recovered out of the hands of his enemies and when Marius made an offer to sallie forth hee repelled him Moreover this booke conteineth the exploits atchieved by his lieutenants with the like fortune of that side in all places Of the LXXXVIII booke SYlla after that he had defeated and put to the sword the armie of Carbo at Clusium Faventia and Fidentia chased him forth of Italie With the Samnites who alone of all the Italian nations had not yet laid down armes he fought one finall battaile vanquished them neer the cittie of Rome even before the gate Collina thus having recovered gotten into his hand the 〈◊〉 mannaging of the state he polluted and staind this most goodly and beautifull victorie with the faulest 〈◊〉 that ever man committed He cut the throats of 8000 in the great hostitâ—ie called Villa Publica even those that had yeelded theÌ„selves He set up the table of proscription out lawrie The citie of Rome al Italy throghout filled with masacres Among the rest he caused al the Prenestines disarmed as they were to be slain Marius a Senatour by calling he killed in this manner by breaking his armes and legs by cropping his eares digging out his eies C. Marius besieged within Preneste by Lucretius Asella and that side with Sylla when hee sought meanes of evasion by a mine under the ground seeing how hee was environned by the armie slew himselfe within the said mine for perceiving that he could not escape hee and Pontius Telesinus that accompanied him in this flight ran one at the other with their drawn naked swords and when he had killed him and was himselfe hurt he found so much kindnes at his slaves hand as to make an end of him quite Of the LXXXIX booke LVcius Brutus sent from Cn. Papyrius Carbo who was arrived at Corcyra in a fishers boate to Lilybaeum in espiall to see whether Pompeie were there being compassed and hemmed in round about by those vessels which Pompeie had sent out turned his swords point to his bodie set the pummell against a seat within the boat so bending forward with the poise of his bodie was pierced through and died Cn. Pompeius sent by the Senate with full commission of rule and commaund tooke Cn. Carbo prisoner who was arrived in the Ilands Cossura and slew him who kept a puling weeping like a woman when he should die Sylla became Dictator that which never any man had done besides him kept his port abroad with foure and twentie Huishers or lictors going before him with their rods and axes Hee altered the state in that innovation established it The Tribunes of the commons hee abridged of their authoritie and wholly deprived them of their power to preferre and publish lawes The Colledge of the Pontifies and Augurs he amplified and augmented to the number of 15. The bodie of the Senate he supplied out of the order of gentlemen The children of those whom hee had prescribed and outlawed hee disabled for beeing elegible to any honourable office and of their goods made port-sale whereof at first hee seized much by violence and had it way A mightie masse of money hee raised thereof amounting to a hundred and fiftie millions of Sesterces He commanded Q. Lucretius Ofellas to be killed in the very Forum of Rome for that hee presumed without his leave and licence to sue for a Consulship and when the people of Rome were highly offended at this indignitie he assembled them to a publicke audience and before them avowed the fact and tooke it upon him Cn. Pompeius in Affricke vanquished and slew in battaile Cn. Domitius one of the proscript outlaives and Hiarbas king of the Numidians who prepared to levie warre He being but foure twentie yeeres of age and no better as yet than a gentleman of Rome a thing that never any man attained unto triumphed over Affricke C. Norbanus a man who had been Consull and now proscript and outlawed was apprehended in the citie of Rhodes and thereupon slew himselfe Mutilus likewise one of them that were outlawed and out of protection being come privily disguised with his head covered to the backe doore of Bastia his wives house was not let in for that she said he was an outlaw whereupon he tooke the stab at his owne hands and with his heart bloud bespreint the doore of his wives house Sylla recovered and woon againe Nola in Samnium He brought seven and fortie legions into the lands conquered from the enemies planted them therein and divided the grounds amongst them Hee besieged the towne Velaterra which yet stood out and bare armes and
Proconsull having the charge of the warre against the Candiotes besieged the citie Cydonia C. Triarius a lieutenant under Lucullus received a foile of Mithridates in fight Lucullus was impeached and staied for pursuing Mithridates Tigranes that he could not accomplish his victorie by occasion of a mutinie among his owne souldiors who would not follow because the Valerian legions forsooke Lucullus alleadging that they had served their time fully out Of the XCIX booke QVintus Metellus the Proconsull forced by assault Gnosos Lyctus Cydonia and many other cities in Crete L. Roscius a Tribune of the Commons published a law that the gentlemen of Rome should be allowed the foureteene next seats in the scaffolds of the Theatre to behold the games and plaies Cn. Pompeius being commanded by a law promulged unto the people for to pursue the rovers abovesaid who had debarred and cut off all commerce for corne and victuals within 74 daies rid the sea of them quite after the war with them finished in Cilicia he received them upon submission and gave them cities and lands to possesse Moreover this booke containeth the worthie exploits of Qu. Metellus against the Cretensians The letters also of Metellus and Cneus Pompeius sent from the one to the other in which Metellus complaineth that Pompeius by sending his own lieutenant into Crete to receive the surrender and homage of the cities there annutted and passed by the glorie of those acts which he had atchieved Pompeius againe rendereth a reason thereof and alledgeth that so he ought to doe Of the C. booke CAius Manilius a Trib. of the Com. preferred a bill to the exceeding displeasure indignation of the nobles That the war against Mithridates should be assigned to Pompeie His speech to the people imported and was effectuall Q. Metellus having subdued the Cretensians gave lawes unto that Island which until that time enioied freedome of State Cn. Pompeius went his iourney for to levie war against Mithridates and with Phraates king of the Parthians he renewed the league In a battell performed by horse-service he overcame Mithridates Also herein is contained the warre first betweene Phraates king of the Parthians and Tigranes king of the Armenians afterwards between Tigranes the son and his father Of the CI. booke CNeus Pompeius vanquished Mithridates in a battell fought by night and compelled him to flie to Bosphorus He received Tigranes upon his submission when he had taken from him Syria Phaenicia and Cilicia he gave him againe the kingdome of Armenia Their conspiracie who having been condemned for the inordinate and ambitious suite of the Consulship were consedered to kil the Consuls was surprised and dasht Cn. Pompeius following the chase after Mithidrates entred into farre remote countries and unknown nations The Iberians and Albanes who would not grant him passage he overcame in battell Over and besides this booke sheweth how Mithridates fled by Colchij and Heniochi and what his acts were in Bosphorus Of the CII booke CN Pompeius reduced the realme of Pontus into the forme of a province Pharnaces the son of Mithridates made war upon his own father by whom Mithridates was besieged within his own roiall court and palace Whereupon he dranke poison and seeing it was not effectual and strong ynough to dispatch him he was killed by a French soldiour named Bitaetus whose helping hand hee requested for to rid him out of the world Cn. Pompeius subdued the Iews their famous temple of Ierusalem which until that day never had suffered abuse and violence bee forced and woon Catiline by occasion that hee had twise suffered a repulse in suing to be Consull conspired together with Lentulus the Pretor Cethegus many others to massacre the Consuls the Senat to set the citie on fire and to subvert and overthrow the State of the commonweale and to this purpose had levied an armie in Tuscane This treason conspiracie was by the industrie of M. Tullius Cicero detected and found out Catiline was banished the cittie The rest of his complices and adherents every one suffered death accordingly Of the CIII booke CAtiline together with his armie was by C. Antonius the Proconsull defeited and slaine P. Clodius was accused for entring in the habit and apparel of a woman that chappell which it was not lawfull for a man to go into and notwithstanding he had committed adulterie with the archpontifies wife yet he was acquit and went cleer away Cn. Pompeius the Pretor vanquished at Solone the Allobroges who had rebelled P. Clodius left the nobilitie and raunged himselfe with the Com. C. Caesar subdued the Portugals At what time as he was in election to be Cos. and went about to invade and make havocke of the C.W. there arose a conspiracie among three of the most principal personages of the citie Cn. Pompeius M. Crassus and C. Caesar. The Agrarian lawes were by Caesar the Cos. published with great strife contention the Senat was unwilling therunto but by the other Consull M. Bibulus they passed C. Antonius Proconsull in Thracia sped but badly in his war affairs M. Cicero was banished the citie by vertue of an act promulged by P. Clodius Trib. of the Com. for that he had put to death certain Romane citizens uncondemned Caesar made a voiage into the province of Gaule where hee subdued the Helvetians a vagarant and wandering nation in those daies who seeking a place to inhabit intended through the province of Caesar to travell into Narbo Moreover it containeth the situation of France Pompeius triumphed over the children of Mithridates also over Tigranes and his sonne and by one voice and generall consent of the whole assembly was saluted by the name of Magnus Of the CIV booke THe forepart of this book compriseth the sâ—e description together with the maners of Germany C. Caesar at what time as he led his armie against the Germans at the request of the Heduans and Sequanians whose territorie by them was possessed and who under the conduct of Ariovistus were come downe into France by an Oration to his armie staied the timorous disposition of the souldiours which arose upon the feare they had of new and straunge enemies vanquished the Germanes in plaine fight and drave them cleane out of Fraunce M. Cicero by meanes of Pompeius who among others made an Oration in his behalfe and of T. Annius Milo a Tribune of the Commons who likewise pleaded his cause was with the exceeding ioy of the Senate and ail Italie called home from exile Cn. Pompeius had commission for five yeere space to looke unto the provision of corne and victuals Caesar overcame in fight the Ambians Suessiones Viromanduans Atrebates nations all of the Belgae of whome there was an exceeding multitude and received them upon yeelding to his protection Afterwards hee fought with passing great hazard and ieopardie against the Nervij one of the foresaid States and in fine utterly destroied and extinguished their whole
Macerinus is suppressed by Cassiodorus and Diodorus who also nameth the other L. Iulius In Dionysius certaine pages be wanting in this place Cuspinian his Kalender hath for Macerinus Macrinus 308 T. Quintius Capitolinus IIII. Agrippa Furius DIonysius and Livie both name the Coss. of this yeere T. Quintius Capitolinus the fourth time Agrippa Furius Diodorus and Cassiodorus conceale the surname and the numerall note of foure The Greeke records have Furius and Capitolinus Onuphrius unto Furius addeth the surnames of the grandsire to wit Medullinus Fusus 309 M. Genutius C. Curtius LIvie delivereth unto us for Coss. this yeere M. Genutius and P. Curiatius Cassiodorus likewise M. Genutius and P. Curiatius but Dionysius M. Genutius and C. Quintius and Diodorus hath M. Genetius and Agrippa Curtius Chilo But as Sigonius and after him Onuphrius have noted it is falsly read in Livie Curiatius for Curtius and that is prooved by the authoritie of Varro de lingua latina and therefore in the Sicilian registers written they are Genutius and Curtius 310 A. Sempronius Atratinus Militarie Tribunes in Consular authoritie upon whose resignation Consuls were chosen in their roume T. Claelius Militarie Tribunes in Consular authoritie upon whose resignation Consuls were chosen in their roume L. Atilius Militarie Tribunes in Consular authoritie upon whose resignation Consuls were chosen in their roume L. Papirius Mugilanus L. Sempronius Atratinus VVHen C. Canuleius as Tribune of the Commons had the former yeere published a second law That one of the Consuls should be created out of the Commons whereby the dignitie of the Patritii was empaired the nobles fearing least the said lawe would passe in deed maugre their heads drew to a point whereof C. Claudius made the first motion was the adviser That in stead of Consuls ther should be created militarie Tribunes three of the Patritii and as many of the Commons who beeing endued with Consull authoritie should governe the common-weale Also that when their yeeres government was expired the advise both of Senat and also of people should be once again required Whether they would have Consuls rather than Tribunes consular and looke which pleased them they should be created These points being resolved upon decreed three militarie Tribunes were created onely all Patritii and well ynough were the Commons content therewith because themselves were eligible capable of that dignitie Howbeit this regiment of their newly set up stood not firmely established For within 3 moneths after by a decree of the Augurs they resigned up their honourable place as if there had been some errour committed in their election and then T. Quintius Barbatus nominated Interreget created Consuls L. Papyrius Mugillanus and L. Sempronius Atratinus These Consuls are left out in the Sicilian registers Well saith Livie therefore that these Consuls are found neither in auncient annales and yeerly records nor yet in the Kalender of the magistrates But Cicero maketh mention of them in his epistle to Papyrius Paetus 311 M. Geganius Macerinus II. T. Quintius Capitolinus V. DIonysius and Cassiodorus avouch these for Consuls this yeer As for Dionysius he saith that they entred in the moneth of December Cassius concealeth both their surnames and Diodorus the one namely Capitolinus The Greeke records have Macrinus the second time and Capitolinus the fifth time Zonaras nameth them Macrinus Barbatus 312 M. Fabius Vibulanus Postumus Ebutius Cornicen LIvie saith that Consuls of this yeere were so named Dioldorus and Cassiodorus are silent in their surnames The Greeke records have Vibulanus and Helua Diodorus attributeth to Ebutius the surname of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but what manner of addition that might bee Sigonius knoweth not thinketh that it should be read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 313 C. Furius Pacilus M. Papyrius Crassus THese Consuls by Livie and Cassiodorus are in this wise represented unto us But by Diodorus after this sort Q. Furius Fusus and Mantus Papirius Crassiu And by the Greek records thus Pacilus and Crassus 314 Proculus Geganius Maccrinus L. Menenius Lanatus LIvius and Cassiodorus deliver these Consuls thus fully named Proculus Geganius Macerinus and L. Menenius Lanatus Diodorus T. Menenius and Proculus Geganius Macrinus The Sicilian registers Macerinus and Lanaus 315 T. Quintius Capitolinus VI. Agrippa Menenius Lanatus BY Livie and Cassiodorus these were the Consuls for this yeer but after Diodorus T. Quintius and T. Menenius According to the Sicilian rolls Menenius and Capitolinus 316 Mam. Aemyltus Militarie Tribunes in Consuls authoritie L. Quintius son of Cincinnatus Militarie Tribunes in Consuls authoritie L. Iulius Militarie Tribunes in Consuls authoritie THe Tribunes of the Commons imported and prevailed that there should be an election holden for Tribunes militarie rather than Consuls making no doubt but in the chusing of sixe for so many now by law might be created some of the commoners by making profession that they would be revenged for the death of Melius would step into the place howbeit the Commons created no more than three Tribunes with Consular authoritie and among them L. Quintius the son of Cincinnatus In which election Mumerius Aemylius a right honourable man and of great worth was by their suffrages preferred before Quintius and Iulius they made the third In like manner Diodorus nameth three Tribunes militarie for this yeere but in this fort Manius Aemylius Mamercus C. Iulius and L. Quintius 317 M. Geganius Macerinus III. L. Sergius Fidenas WHen the Commons together with their Tribunes were quiet and carefully regarded the maine state of the Commonweale no question there was nor controversie but that Coss. were chosen to wit M. Geganius Macerinus the third time L. Sergius so saith Livius Cassidorus doth the same but that he setteth down the names of the Coss. onely in this wise M. Geganius the third time L. Sergius without surnames Diodorus likewise M. Geganius L. Sergius Cuspinians kalender and the Sicilian registers Macerinus and Fidenas For this Sergius was surnamed Fidenas as Livie reporteth by occasion of the warre which hee made against the Fidenates 318 M. Cornelius Maluginensis L. Papirius Crassus LIvie and Cassiodorus report these above-named for this yeere Consuls Diodorus nameth them L. Papirius and An. Cornelius Macerinus but doubtlesse not wihout errour as Sigonius supposeth for both in Cuspinians Kalendar and the rols of Sicilie we find Malugensis and Crassus 319 C. Iulius II. L. Virginius THese Consuls are found for this yeere in Livie and Cassiodorus but in Diodorus C. Iulius and Proculus Virginius Tricostus In Cuspinians Kalender and the Sicilian records Iulius and Virginius 320 C. Iulius III. or M. Manlius L. Virginius II. or Q. Sulpitius I Find in Licinius Macer that the same Coss. were chosen againe for the yeere following to wit Iulius the third time and Virginius the second Valerius Antias and Quin. Tubero alledge for this yeeres Consuls M. Manlius and Q. Sulpitius But in these so different records of theirs Tubero and Macer both professe to goe by the linnen
the Consuls should be a Commoner By which meanes L. Sextius was the first Consul created from out of the Commons But when the nobles denied flatly to approve the same by their assent insomuch as the Commons were at the point of insurrection and readie to leave the citie the discord dissention was at length taken up and appeased by the mediation of the Dictatour and as the nobilitie was content to yeeld unto the communaltie a Consull so the Commons graunted unto the nobles one Pretour or lord cheefe justice within the citie him to be created from out of the nobilitie Graunted also unto them now first it was that two Aediles Curule should bee chosen out of the Patritij The Commons conferred the Consulship upon L. Sextius by whose law it was first obtained and for companion in governement hee had L. Aimylius Mamercus Thus much Livie and Plutarch who altogether with Cassiodorus put down for Consuls L. Aemylius a Patritian and L. Sextius a Commoner The same Diodorus nameth L◠Aemylius Mamercus and Lu. Lateranus Now this Lateranus is the surname of Sextius as appeareth in a table of record in the Capitoll wherein the Consuls are thus to bee seene Mamercinus and L. Sextius Sextinus Lateranus as also in the Sicilian registers they are called Mamercinus and Lateranus In the booke entituled De viris Illustribus of famous men wee find written that it was not L. Sextius but C. Licinius Stolo who was the first Consull chosen out of the communaltie 389 L. Genutius Q. Servilius DIodorus Livie and Cassiodorus shew unto us for Consuls L. Genutius and Q. Servilius Of whome Orosius also and Eutropius make mention According to the records of the Capitoll the Cos. in this first Consulship is thus written Q. Servilius son of Q. nephew of Quintus Ahala together with L. Genutius but in the second the son of M. nephew of Cn. surnamed Amentinensis In the Sicilian registers they be written Genutius and Curtius but corruptly as Sigonius thinketh 290 C. Sulpitius Peticus C. Licimus Stolo THese bee the Consuls reported by Livie and Cassiodorus Diodorus concealeth their surnames Valerius Max. in his second booke and first chapter maketh mention of them so doth Plutarch in his problemes But hee whom all other writers name Stolo the Capitoline records nominate Calvus as also the Sicilian which deliver their surnames Paticus and Calvus 391 L. Aemylius Mamercus II. Cn. Genutius LIvie Cassiodorus declare these for Consuls whom Diodorus in his sixteenth book nameth Cn. Genutius and L. Aemylius In the Capitoll tables in this manner they bee set downe⸫⸫ Mamercinus II. Cn. Genutius sonne of M. and nephew of M. Amentinensis But in the Sicilian registers Mamercinus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 392 Q. Servilius Ahala II. L. Genutius II. DIodorus nameth the Consuls of this yeere Q. Servilius and Q. Genutius The Sicilian registers Ahala and Genutius Livie and Cassiodorus Q. Servilius Hala and L. Genutius These are they who three yeers before were matched together in the same government 393 C. Sulpitius C. Licinius Calvus THese are by Livie recorded Consuls this yeere Cassiodorus writeth them thus C. Sulpitius II. and C. Licinius Diodorus in this wise C. Sulpitius and C. Licinius Sigonius supposeth they be the same who three yeeres before were colleagues The Sicilian registers give unto Licinius the surname not of Calvus as before but of Stolo and Sulpitius they surname Peticus 394 C. Poetilius Libo M. Fabius Ambustus LIvie and Cassiodorus write the Consuls for this yeere were C. Poetelius Balbus M. Fabius Ambustus But Diodorus M. Fabius and C. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 corruptly for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Capitoline writers give them surnames divers from Livie for they call Libo Visulus but he Balbus And the Sicilian registers goe with those of the Capitoll 395 M. Popilius Laenas Cn. Manlius LIvie and Cassiodorus name this yere Consuls in this sort but Diodorus calleth them M. Popilius Laenatus Cn. Manlius Imperiosus This was the first man of the Popilij surnamed Laenas The reason of which name Cicero rendreth in his booke Brutus saying M. Popilius being Consull and at the same time offering sacrifice in his robe called Laena for that hee was Flamin to Carmenta upon newes brought unto him that the commons were up and risen in a commotion against the Nobles came in that attire habit as he was into the assembly and what with his authoritie of countenance and what with his eloquence of speech appeased the sedition 396 C. Fabius C. Plautius LIvie and Cassiodorus have these above-named for the Consuls this yeere but in Diodorus they are named M. Fabius and C. Plotius In the Capitoline records⸫⸫ Ambustus and C. Plautius Proculus 397 C. Martius Cn. Manlius DIodorus Livie and Cassiodorus name the Consuls of this yeere C. Martius and Cn. Manlius This Cn. Manlius was Consull the first time two yeeres before Cuspinians booke and the Greek records have Rutilius and Capitolinus 398 M. Fabius Ambustus II. M. Popilius Laenas II. THis yeers Consuls are with these names entituled by Livie Cassiodorus Diodorus leaveth out their surnames the numerall notes Cuspinians booke and the Greeke records set them thus downe Ambustus II. and Laenas 399 C. Sulpitius Peticus III. M. Valerius Poplicola IN the foure hundred yeere from the foundation of the cittie and the thirtie five after that it was by the Gaules woon the commons after eleven yeeres did for goe their hold of the Consulship and upon an Interregencie both Coss. of the Patritij entred into government to wit C. Sulpitius Paeticus III. M. Valerius Publicola as Livie saith The same Consuls Diodorus Cassiodorus and the Sicilian registers do report But why the account of time made by Livie disagreeth from this reckoning Sigonus and Onuphrius in his kalender doe give a reason 400 M. Fabius Ambustus III. T. Quintius or M. Popilius IN this yeere also according to Livie both Coss. were Patritij namely M. Fabius Ambustus the third time with T. Quintius although hee writeth that in some Annales in stead of Titus Quintius hee found Marcus Popilius Consull With Livie accordeth Diodorus and Cassiodorus Solinus also who in his fortie one chapter out of Cornelius Nepos writeth that Alexander was borne when M. Fabius Ambustus T. Quintius Capitolinus were Consuls Cuspinians booke setteth forth Ambustus Capitolinus But these Consuls and those that follow are in the Sicilian registers concealed 401 C. Sulpitius Peticus IIII. M. Valerius Poplicola III. BOth Consuls created this yeere were Patritij and namely those who are here set down after Livie and Cassiodorus Diodorus omitteth both their surnames and also the numerall notes and setteth after the former Consuls M. Valerius and C. Sulpitius 402 P. Valerius Poplicola C. Martius Rutilus TO L. Valerius Poplicola was given in fellowship of governement this yeere C. Martius Rutilus of the commons as Livie saith These Cassiodorus calleth P. Valerius and C. Martius Rutilus the second
the brothers sonne of C. Marius seven times Consull according to Appian but Velleius Paterculus Plutarch Eutropius and others say that hee was the sonne of that C. Marius and haply indeed hee was adopted by C. Marius Certes in the capitoll tables hee is called C. Marius sonne of C. and nephew of Caius Cicero speaketh of these Coss. against Rullus Plinie also in his seventh booke and they who have set downe in writing the civill warres of Sylla 673 M' Tullius Cn. Dolabella NExt to those Cassiodorus bringeth in for Consuls M' Tullâ—us and Cn. Dolabella The Sicilian records have Decula and Dolabella Appian also reporteth that Sylia Dictatour to the end that the state and common-weale might seeme to reteine some shew yet of her auncient dignitie permitted M' Tullius and Cornelius Dolabella to be created Consuls whiles himselfe after the manner of K. sate aloft in a throne above them Cicero in his oration against Rullus and Gellius in his 15 booke and 33 chap. maketh mention of M' Tullius and Cn. Cornelius Consuls In a capitoll fragment this M' Tullius sonne of M. nephew of A. is surnamed Decula 674 L. Sulla II. Q. Metellus CAssiodorus and the Sicilian registers set downe for Consuls Lu. Sylla the second time and Q. Metellus Appius saith moreover that Sylla Dictatour though hee was yet stood content and willing to be declared Consull with Q. Metellus Pius to the end that the common-weale might seeme to have some likenes yet of a free state Of these Consuls Cic. maketh mention in his Orations against Verres and elsewhere Gellius likewise in his 15 book 28 chapter togither with Cassiodorus This Merellas was surnamed Pius Hee it is who was by lot appointed to manage the warres in Spaine and against Sertorius and sonne hee was to Numidicus 675 P. Servilius App. Claudius THe next Consuls were P. Servilius and Ap. Claudius as witnesseth Cassiodorus In the Sicilian tables it appeareth that their surnames were Vatia and Pulcher of whome Appianus writeth thus The people of Rome in obsequious manner to court Sylla the Dictator requested of him that hee would continue Consull still another yeere But Sylla would none of that and tooke order that Servilius Isauricus and Claudius Pulcher should be declared Coss. In a fragment of the capitoll he is thus written Pub. Servilius Vatia called afterwards Isauricus which surname he tooke of the Isaurians a nation in Cilicia whome he subdued My authors are Paedianus upon the Orations of Cicero against Verres Strabo in his 14 booke Marcellinus likewise in his 14 booke with others 676 M. Lepidus Q. Catulus MAr Lepidus and Q. Catulus are by Cassiodorus named Consuls for this yeere Plutarch reporteth that when L. Sylla had given up his Dictatorship and restored againe to the people of Rome the free libertie to dispose of consular dignities in their solemne assemblies for elections M. Lepidus an enemie to Sylla and an audacious person was declared Consull before Catulus and had the preheminence above him by the earnest endeavour of Cn. Pompeius Of these Consuls Plinie maketh mention in his 36 booke wherein he saith that they governed in the yeere 676. Likewise Cic. in his Oration for Cornelius Florus out of Livie Valerius 2 booke 3 chap. and Eutropius 677 M. Aemilius D. Brutus THis yeer had for Consuls by the testimonie of Cassiodorus and Obsequens M. Aemilius and D. Brutus Macer a Tribune of the commons speaketh of them in Salust complaining that the commons were by the nobles oppressed In like sort Cicero in Brutus and in his second booke of Duties as also Valerius in the 7 booke and 7 chap. This M. Aemilius was surnamed Lepidus and Livianus for out of the familie of Livies he was adopted by Mamercus Lepidus and therefore right well hee is called sonne of Mamercus 678 Cn. Octavius C. Curio VErrius Flaccus setteth downe for Consuls Cn. Octavius sonne of M. nephew of C. and C. Scribonius Curio The same doth Cicero report in Brutus So doe Salust Obsequens Lactantius in his first booke and Plinie in his second book and 35 chapter Cic. in his Brutus and Plinie in his 7 booke and 41 chapter make report of three Caij Curions all Orators to wit the father the sonne and the sonnes sonne or nephew 679 L. Octavius C. Cotta CAssiodorus putteth down for Consuls this yeer L. Octavius and C. Cotta Obsequens C. Aurelius and L. Octavius Plinie in his second book and 35 chapter Cicero likewise in his third and fifth Orations against Verres maketh mention of L. Octavius and C. Aurelius Consuls Vpon the broken marbles of the capitoll they stand to be seene L. Octavius sonne of Cn. nephew of Cn. and C. Aurelius This yeer the Sicilian registers over-skip Paedianus writeth that there were at this time three Cottaes breethren and all of consular degree namely Caius Marcus and Lucius 680 L. Licinius Lucullus M. Cotta FOr this yeeres Consuls Cassiodorus registreth L. Lucullus and M. Cotta The Sicilian records Lucullus and Cotta Eutropius Appianus in Mithridatica and Plutarch in Lucullus nameth them L. Licinius Lucullus and M' Aurelius Cotta Mention there is made of them by Cicero against Verres and by Florus in the 93 and 94 Epitomes This L. Lâ—cullus had for his grandfather that Lucullus who was Consull with A. Albinus as Cicero and Plutarch doe testifie 681 M. Lucullus C. Cassius THis yeere by the testimonie of Cassiodorus had for Consuls Marcus Lucullus and C. Cassius but the Sicilian records nominate Marcellus and Cassius whom Cicero in an oration against Verres nameth M. Terentius and C. Cassius saying that the lawes Terentia and Cassia were by them promulged For so farre forth as we may conjecture by the capitol fragments M. Licinius Lucullus was adopted by M. Terentius Varro and therefore called M. Terentius Varro Lucullus Cicero in Lucullus and Plutarch call Lucius Lucullus and M. Lucullus brethren whom Eutropius nameth cousin germanes by two sisters That the surname of Cassius was Varus appeareth both by a conduit pipe or waterspout of lead found in Rome and also for that Appian in his fourth booke writeth that C. Cassius Varus a man who had beene Consull was condemned and outlawed by the Triumvirs 682 L. Gellius Cn. Lentulus THe Consuls next following by the report of Cassiodorus were L. Gellius Cn. Lentulus In like sort Cicero maketh mention of them in his oration for Balbus and else where Plutarch also in Crassus with Eutropius and Orosius Cuspinians booke sheweth Poplicola and Lentulus Now the surname of Lucius Gellius was Poplicola as witnesseth Onuphrius 683 Cn. Aufidius P. Lentulus CAssiodorus setteth downe for Consuls this yeere Cn. Aufidius and P. Lentulus The Sicilian registers have Lentulus and Orestes Eutropius Cornelius Lentulus and Cn. Ausidius Orestes This Cn. Ausidius Orestes when hee went beside a tribuneship of the commons was chosen Consull as Cicero writeth in his oration for Plancius This is that P. Lentulus surnamed Sura who afterwards beeing a man of Consular calling and who had
the Quinquennale solemnitie perform ed as writeth Dio in memoriall of the empire of Augustus and Agrippa one of the Quindecemvirs had the ordering and setting out thereof 739 M. Drusus L. Piso. THe Consuls next following were M. Drusus and L. Piso as Cassiodorus saith The Sicilian registers name them Libo and Piso. Dio M. Livius sonne of Lucius Drusus Libo and L. Calpurnius sonne of Lucius Piso M. Drusus sonne of Marcus L. ****** according to the Colotian fragment 740 Cn. Lentulus M. Crassus THis yeere next following had for Consuls after Cassiodorus and the Sicilian monuments Cn. Lentulus and M. Crassus whom Dio calleth M. Licinius sonne of Marcus Crassus and Cn. Cornelius sonne of Cneus Lentulus The Colotian fragment sheweth Marcus Licinius sonne of Marcus 741 T. Nero. P. Quintilius TIberius Nero and P. Quintilius were Consuls this yeere as Cassiodorus reporteth They are named Nero and Varus in the Sicilian Catalogue And Dio calleth them Titus Claudius sonne of Tiberius Nero and P. Quintilius son of Sextus Varus The Colotian fragment Tiberius Claudius sonne of T. Suetonius writeth that Tiberius bare his first Consulship but a few daies For this is that Tiberius Nero Augustus Caesar's wives sonne who after the death of Augustus attained to the empire having bene first by him adopted 742 M. Messala P. Sulpitius CAssiodorus putteth downe for Consuls Messala and P. Sulpitius The Sicilian records Messala and Quirinus Dio M. Valerius sonne of Marcus Messala Barbatus and P. Sulpitius sonne of Publius Quirinus of whom Suetonius in Claudius and Tacitus in his second booke write Moreover this is that Sulpitius Quritius who by Iosephus in the seventeenth booke of antiquities and first chapter is said to have borne the consulare dignitie was lieutenant in Syria At which time our Lord Iesus Christ the redeemer Savior of mankind was borne of whom Saint Luke maketh mention saying This was the first enrolment or taxation which was made by Quirinus President and governor of Syria After these Consuls others were substituted in their place as the Colotian stone sheweth wherein it is thus read M. Valerius M. F. C. Volgius C. F. Suff. C. Caninius Likewise in Cuspinian his kalender these Consuls are written with their surnames Messala Quirinus Rebilus Saturninus Maximus Tubero By which it appeareth that Rebulus and Saturninus were the surnames of Caninius and Volgius By a fragment of the capitoll marble it is evident that the surnames of Valerius was Aemylianus of Volgius Rufus and Rebulus of Caninius and that as Rufus was put in the place of Valerius so Rebulus in stead of Rufus There remaineth also the memoriall of Rebulus and Saturninus in the Sicilian records In this yere Dio reporteth that Augustus was a second time made over-seer for mens maners and demeanours five yeeres more and that hee resumed still the same authoritie by times as also the empire and therein Agrippa died 743 P. Fabius Q. Aelius CAssiodorus exhibiteth for this yeeres Consuls Paulus Fabius Q. Aelius Dion Paulus Fabius sonne of Quintus Maximus and Tubero Of Q. Aelius Tubero and P. Fabius Maximus Consuls Frontius speaketh of in his book of water conduits and Plinie in his eight booke and seventh chapter where hee writeth that the Theatre of Marcellus was dedicated when Quintus Tubero and Fabius Max. were Consuls 744 Iulus Antonius Q. Fabius CAssiodorus nameth for Consuls this yere Iulius Antonius Africanus and Q. Fabius Dio Iul. Antonius Africanus and Q. Fabius sonne of Quintus Maximus The Sicilian catalogue kalender of Cuspinian shew Africanus and Maximus Dio nameth Iulus the sonne of Antonius Vnto him Horace writeth in this manner Pindarum quisquis studet aemulaei Iule ceratis op Daedalea Nititur pennis c. With wings devis'd by Daedalus And glew'd with wax they flie Who strive ô Iule with Pindarus To match his poetrie And after Tendit Antoni quoties in altos Nubium tractus ô Antoni so oft As he doth mount the clouds aloft 745 Drusus Nero. Titus Quintius THere succeeded Coss. according to Cassiodorus Drusus Nero and T. Quintius but after Dio Nero Claudius sonne of Tiberius Drusus and T. Quintius sonne of Titus Crispinus Drusus and Crispinus by Cuspinians kalender and the Sicilian registers This Drusus brother of Tiberius Nero was Augustus Caesars wives sonne who being Consull died in Germanie and both he and his children had the surname of Germanicus as Dio writeth which addition the Senat gave him first of that province as Eutropius saith With the death of this Drusus endeth Livies histories for thus it is written in the last Epitome c. Looke in the said Breviarie TO THE READER I doubt not but many of them who shall take delight and pleasure in reading the Romane storie above-written will presently grwo into a liking of the very place which hath affourded so worthy persons and rare examples The love whereof hath moved many a man to undertake a voiyage to Rome onely to see the river Tyberis those seven hils and the monuments remaining of that famous citie The journie they have found for way long and tedious for expense of money heavie and chargeable for hazard of religion conscience and good manners exceeding dangerous so farre degenerate are the inhabitants now from that auncient people so devoute so vertuous and vncorrupt in old time To satisfie the readers in this behalfe and to avoid the perill of that travaile I thought it not amisse to bring Rome as it were home to them even to represent unto their eye the topographie thereof that is to say the description of the paces with the memorable edifices or rather the ruines of those antique buildings mentioned in the storie aforesaid And for as much as Bartholmew Marlian hath herein taken paines and made a treatise therof worthy in his conceit to be dedicated unto that noble Prince of famous memorie Francis the French king the first I take it of that name and for that those learned men who last set Livie forth in print have thought good to adjoine thereto as a necessarie dependant the foresaid treatise I for my part having struggled with the difficulties of the Alpes in some sort overcome thē crossed Rhosne and the Po passed over the hils Olympus and Aemus scrawled throgh the rough streights of Thermopylae and Tempe seeme now I would not in my returne to stick at the pleasant mounts Palatine Capitol Aventine c. with the plains and vallies between or the river Tybre Mars field underneath thē beautified especially with such stately temples triumphant arches glorious pallaces Theatres Cirques Columnes Colosses wonders of the world And albeit I found Marlian far unlike himself the book that goeth in his name much corrupt in the print yet by conference with other authors I have reformed the faults and endevoured that our English edition might in some measure be answerable to the Latine A SVMMARIE COLLECTED BY IOHN BARTHOLMEW MARLIANVS A GENTLEMAN OF MILLAINE TOVCHING THE
the Decemvir who after the three hundred Fabij slaine at Cremera survived and was the first of all that kindred and familie forenamed Numerius as Valerius Maximus in his 10 booke and Sex Pompeius doe report As for T. Quintius sonne hee was as Livie writeth to that Capitolinus who was Consull six times 334 An Interregencie WHen the greater part of the yeer was spent in troubles and contentions between the new Tribunes of the Commons and certaine Interregents whiles the Tribunes one-while would not suffer the Patritij to goe together about the declaring of an Interregent and another while impeached the Interrregent that hee could not passed an act of the Senat for the election of Consuls at length L. Papirius Mugillanus the Interregent by rebuking as wel the Senatours as the Tribunes of the Commons prevailed that an assembly should be holden for chusing of Tribunes consular So there were created Tribunes militarie with Consuls authoritie and all Patritij T. Quintius Cincinnatus the third time L. Furius Medullinus M. Manlius L. Sempronius Atratinus Thus much Livie 335 Agrippa Menenius Lanatus Tribunes militarie in Coss. authoritie P. Lucretius Tricipitinus Tribunes militarie in Coss. authoritie Sp. Nautius Tribunes militarie in Coss. authoritie C. Servilius Tribunes militarie in Coss. authoritie MIlitarie Tribunes with Consuls authoritie for this yeere are set downe by Livie Agrippa Menenius Lanatus P. Lucretius Tricipitinus and Sp. Nautius for the name of the fourth is wanting and that was C. Servilius sonne of Quintus and nephew of Caius surnamed Axilla who the yeere following in the Capitoll tables is numbred among the Tribunes consular with the numerall note of II. So as it must needs be that he was the first time in this yeere for as much as there is no other fit void place left for him Diodorus nameth Sp. Veturius 336 L. Sergius Fidenas Tribb. military in Coss. Authoritie M. Papirius Mugillanus Tribb. military in Coss. Authoritie C. Servilius the son of Priscus Tribb. military in Coss. Authoritie FOr Tribunes Consular this yeere Livie nameth these This C. Servilius is by Vertius Flacus cleped Axilia Diodorus calleth them L. Sergius M. Servilius and M. Papirius Now this M. Papirius was sonne to L. Papirius Mugillanus the first Censor 337 Agrippa Menenius Lanatus P. Lucretius Tricipitinus L. Servilius Structus Sp. Veturius Crassus ALl these are recorded by Livie for Tribb. militarie this yeere Of these L. Servilus Structus was the first time in the 332 yeere but left out in Livie through fault of those that wrote the copies Diodorus hath the same Tribunes besides their surnames and L. Servilius whome he calleth Caius In a Capitoline table their names are thus cut P. Lucretius soone of Hostus Agrippa Menenius soone of T. nephew of Agrippa 338 A. Sempronius Atratius III. Sp. Nautius Rutilus II. M. Papirius Mugillanus II. ONely these are by Livie recorded but that the pen-men who wrate out the bookes left out the fourth Tribune of this yeere Quintus Fabius son of Quintus and nephew of Marcus surnmaed also Vibulanus the Capitoll stones and Diodorus doe testifie Livie himselfe also doth shew the same who writeth that Quintus Fabius was Tribune militarie the second time in the yeere three hundred and fortie but in what yeere hee was first it appeareth not Moreover Au. Sempronius is by Verrius Flaccus named the sonne of Lucius and nephew of Aulus Diodorus reckoneth all foure but hee concealeth their surnames 339 P. Cornelius Cossus C. Valeriuws Potitus Q. Cincinnatus N. Fabius Vibulanus THese doth Livie deliver unto us for Tribunes militarie in Consuls authoritie Diodorus in this wise P. Corneleus Caius ..... Fabius The table of the Capitoll thus P. Cornelius ..... F. nephew of P. C. Valerius sonne of L. nephew of Volusus The sorename of Quintius is unknowne 340 Cn. Cornelius Cossus Q. Fabius Vibulanus II. L. Valerius Potitus L. Postbumius Regillensis THese declareth Livius for this yeere but Diodorus Titus Posthumius Caius Cornelius C. Valerius and Caso Fabius But Verrius Flaccus nameth P. Posthumius soone of A. nephew also of Aulus whome Livie writeth to have been stoned to death by his owne armie for his crueltie 341 Cn. Cornelius Cossus C. Furius Medullinus THen the Nobles and LL. of the Senate imported that there should be Consuls created in a Centriare assembly which Q. Fabius held And the Consuls were M. Cornelius Cossus and L. Furius Medullinus The same are named by Diodorus and Cassiodorus but that they leave out their surnames The Greeke records have Cossus and Medullinus 342 Q. Fabius Ambustus C. Furius Pacilus LIvie and Cassiodotus name these for Consuls Diodotus suppresseth their surnames 343 M. Papyrius C. Nautius Rutilus BOth Livie and Cassiodorus report for this yeere Consuls M. Papyrius and C. Nautius Ratilus Diodorus hath not a word of their surnames Cuspinians booke setteth them downe by their surnames only Mugillanus Rutilus 344 M. Aunilius C. Valerius LIvie and Cassiodorus call these Consuls M. Atmilius and C. Valerius Diodorus instead of M. hath M' i Manius This Aimilius in the table of the Capitoll is named in his first and third Tribuneship M. Aimilius sonne of Manius nephew of M. and surnamed Mamercinus 345 Cn. Cornelius Cossus L. Furius Medullinus II. LIvie putteth these downe for the Consuls of this yeere Cassiodorus passeth over their surnames and the numerall note of two Diodorus hath Lu. Furius and Cn. Pompeius but he is to be written Cn. Cornelius out of the end of a broken fragment in the Capitoll and the other L. Furius by his Tribuneships testified in the Capitoll records 346 C. Iulius Iulus Tribunes militarie in Coss. authoritie P. Cornelius Cossus Tribunes militarie in Coss. authoritie C. Servilius Ahala Tribunes militarie in Coss. authoritie THese are set downe for Tribunes militarie this yeere by T. Livius Diodorus saith nothing of their surnames which the Capitoline tables exhibit unto us C. Servilius is written in his second Tribuneship after the Capitoll records the sonne of Pub. and nephew of Q. surnamed Ahala 347 L. Furius Medullinus II. N. Fabius Vibulanus II. C. Valerius Potitus II. C. Servilius Ahala II. LIvie reporteth that the four Tribunes consular were all Patritij this yeer and had born that dignitie once before to wit L. Furius Medullinus C. Valerius Potitus N. Fabius Vibulanus and C. Servilius Ahala and that this man last named was chosen againe and continued in his place still this yeere with the former as well in regard of other vertues as for the fresh favour and late grace gotten by his singular moderation and rare carriage in his government Diodorus hath C. Furius C. Servilius C. Valerius and N. Fabius In the Capitoline tables two are written short Potitus Volusus II. and Medullinus the other two at full wherby it doth appeare as Onuphrius reporteth that Livie was deceived For Medullinus was not this yeere Tribune the second time but the first who had been twise Consull before and after this yeer will be no lesse than seven times