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book_n	church_n	great_a	read_v	2,510	5	6.0813	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A85757	The history of the sacred and Royal Majesty of Christina Alessandra Queen of Swedland with the reasons of her late conversion to the Roman Catholique religion. As also a relation of the severall entertainments given her by divers princes in her journey to Rome, with her magnificent reception into that city.; Historia della sacra real maestà di Christina Alessandra, regina di Svetia. English	Gualdo Priorato, Galeazzo, Conte, 1606-1678.; Burbury, John.	1658 (1658)	Wing G2171; Thomason E1851_1; ESTC R23369	167,308	510

get before her Majesty and receive her at the Dome in the absence of Boncompagno the Archbishop When she was near the City they began to hear the noyse of the Artillery which continued till she got to the Palace At the gate she was received by all the Magistrates on horseback who were in their solemne robes After the like complements she had had in Ferrara she went to the Church of St. Peter which is the Cathedral and there alighting was received with the same ceremonies used to her in the Church of Ferrara after which she was carried in a chair to the Palace accompanied by all the retinue The Cardinal Legate who made such haste thither received her at the foot of the staires and in passing through the Hall of Farnese they found there in ranks on both sides above an hundred Ladies most splendidly adorned who all made low reverences to her Arriving at her lodging she a little while after saw the fires which were opposite to her chamber on a long and fine stand which was made for that purpose with Pyramids and a great figure signifying Faith with the Armes of the Pope of her Majesty and his Eminence among which were distributed several images of Lyons the Armes of Bologna The fires were extraordinarily fine and at the same time six thousand squibs of wilde-fire were seen flying from the summit of two towers After this the Queen went into the Hall of Hercules where sitting under the cloth of state on a throne prepared for her she saw the dancing where there were above a hundred faire Ladies most nobly apparreled The day following she went to see the Church of St. Dominique and there reverenced his body expressing a particular devotion to him and an equal esteem to this ancient and very noble Order Here at the Altar of the reliques she beheld the five books of Moses written in Hebrew in thin leather by the Prophet Esdras and her Majesty read some of the words She desired then to see the publick Schooles in which she heard an eloquent Oration in her honour by the Abbot Certani a person of great learning and vertue The Duke of Modena hearing the Queen was arrived in Bologna sent the Marqis Silvio Molza a Cavalier of great spirit and extraordinary parts in the quality of his Embassadour to wait on the Queen but it had no effect they could not agree of the pretensions he had Her Majesty staid two days in Bologna as she had done in Ferrara and the second day went to Masse to St. Michael in the wood without the gate of Saint Mamolo the famous convent of the Fathers of mount Olivet where her Majesty was much pleased in seeing that Cloyster painted by the most renowned Painters of Bologna Caracci and Reno and in the Sacristy the Saint Michael of Brasse the excellent workmanship of Albargi She visited likewise at her entrance into the Church the body of blessed Katherine of Bologna which is kept still by those all entire palpable and sitting without any help to hold it up Her Majesty being returned to the Palace the Colledge of Bologna presented her with the works in ten Volumes of Doctor Aldrovandi which she very much esteemed The same day the Queen dined in publick with the Cardinal they observing the same order as was held in Ferrara Many Ladies came masked to see the feast which was as sumptuous as can be imagined for the Legates noble minde omitted not any thing that was great and majestique The cheif Standard-bearer gave the napkin to her Majestie and Count Francis Charls Caprara nephew to Duke Piccolomini the General was both Carver and Cup-bearer both persons of high worth After dinner she visited the great Colledge of Spain founded long since by the famous Cardinal Gyles Albernozzi and about three houres in the night she went to the lodgings of the Colledge and thence to the Theater This was built for that purpose in the forme of a great ship the extremities of which arrived to the frontispiece o're the fish-market and o're part of the Palace through a great window of which her Majesty accompanied by the Cardinal passed o're a bridge very splendidly adorned where there were above 140 Ladies all equally resplend●nt with the lustre of their beauty and a rich mine of pearls and of jewels of inestimable value The Theater which was covered had certain great lights on the top and above 300 torches were regularly distributed here and there round about it together with other lesser lights which made it most resplendent The battlements of the Palace were deckt with several Carpets some of arras and others of silk of diverse colours After the appearance of the Masters of the Camp which were the Marquis Angelelli and Count Edward Pepoli both Senatours they beheld a great guilded Charriot come forth with 24 groomes apparrelled in cloath of silver with torches in their hands drawn by twelve horses most splendidly set out on which sat cloathed like Pallas Felsina representing Bologna for so it was called long since when it was the royal City of Toscany Somewhat lower stood Peace Fame and War which interlaced the song of Felsina who when she had walked up and down in the field stood still before the Queen to introduce the tilting She singing then said to applaud so great a Majesty the Triumviri who divided the World on the river Lavino not far from Bologna brought three squadrons of Cavaliers which running at the Ring and one against another might shew their respects to so deserving a Queen Then Felsina was silent and departing with her train by the Masters of the Camp three squadrons were brought in the one lead by Octavus Augustus the second by Lepidus and the third by Marcus Antonius each being composed of six Cavaliers Trumpets Pages and Groom●s going before with lighted torches in their hands every one of them extravagantly attired walked softly o're the field accompanied by two sticklers and two Cavaliers all in armour for the tilting to follow of one against another Their plumes and the crests of their helmets were high made of several pretious feathers which augmented the beauty and pompe of the shew The first squadron contained besides the two sticklers aforesaid the Counts Luigi Bentivoglio Marc ' Antonio Sampieri Hercules Malvezzi Philip Maria Bentivoglio the Marquis Hippolitus Bevilaqua the Marquis Caesar Tanara the Counts Lodovick Albergati Anthony Orsi and Alexander Fava all Cavaliers of great valour and birth In the second were the Counts Francis Charles Caprara Constance Maria Zambeccari Alphonsus Ercolani Jerome Caprara Hercules Isolani Anthony Gabrielli Anthony Joseph Zambeccari Felix Montecuccoli and Rinald Bovio whose sticklers were the Counts John Baptist Alberti and Hannibal Ranucci persons of great merit and vertue In the third were the Marquisses Andrew Paleotti and Guido Anthoni Lambertoni the Counts Henry Hercolani and Francis Maria Ghislieri and the Gentlemen Octavius Casoli Iohn Baptist Sampieri Alexander

promoted by a Genius as noble as generous which made him desirous of glory and ambitious of greatness Prudence was still his companion eloquence and sagacity accompanying his discourses vivacity and affability his treaties and resolution and courage his enterprizes In great affairs he wanted not Providence readinesse and Constancy and the force of his wit and strength of his mind was still most resplendent in difficulties he nobly contemning the Lawrells and Palms which were not augmented by labours and water'd with pains Before the Battell he appear'd not so terrible and dreadfull as gentle mild and mercifull when he had obtain'd the victory being undaunted in dangers vigilant in occasions and wife in each affair A Prince in fine of great understanding and knowledge in all things He was followed with a greater affection and applause than any Commander before him He gave satisfaction to all with his praises hopes or mildnesse and especially his sincerity actions of vertue being written by him with indeleble Characters He never forgat services whether little or great but rewarded and valu'd them He was very wittie in his sayings and most affable in company still treating and speaking to all without pride and frequently asking when he pass'd by his People and Souldiers how they did what they would and desired To his Table and Court while he was in the field he admitted all Gentlemen and private Commanders he usually saying a table is the torment of a secret and a net to catch friendship and affection He could not abide ceremonies and complements affected and to those unacquainted with his Genius hee said or caused others to say they should reserve their Courtship for the Queens minds of honour for he was in the field to teach how to fight and not to lead a dance He was most severe in punishing the Souldiers offences and exact in providing for the peoples security He like a true souldier to give an essay of the greatness of his mind undertook not any enterprize which was without danger he that exhorted him to a care of his life acquiring his displeasure It seem'd to him undecent for a Prince of a warlike constitution to have the thoughts of death he thinking the counsell proceeded from fear which advis'd him to take heed of himself He called him happy that dy'd in his trade the volunteer death taking pay under him that feareth him not His designs were alwaies great but greater after the battell of Lipswick he aspiring to the Empire of Germany Even the Ottoman power began to reflect on the fortune and valour of this King who used to say he wondred the Ancients so easily obtain'd their victories and those of his time with such difficulty to whom when represented it proceeded from the difference in w●aring and now the expugnations of Cities and fortresses are harder he reply'd he did not value the difference of arms nor of times but that of the courage That the world was the same each age had it's Mines and Countermines offences and defences and that he could war like Alexander be victorious with Hanibal and equall Caesars Progresses who had the mind of Alexander the skilfulnesse of Hanibal and Caesars undauntednesse In the space of two years he drew to his party either by the force of arms or the motives of his power and reputation of Fortresses Cities and wall'd Town to the number of a hundred and ninety He won many battels in the field but crown'd with that of Lipswick his triumph having conquer'd the most experienc'd and most fortunate Commander of his age and an Army old in battels He passed the Seas and enter'd into Germany with a very little Army but as a small snowball rowling down a high Mountain becomes a great globe so he passing from one enterprise to another could number at his death above 100000 foot and 80000 horse which made up ten Armies together with other bodies all under his colours Nothing but the heresy of Luther eclipsed his high qualities who if he had follow'd the steps of his Ancestors not swerving from the path of the true faith would have been the Heroe of Kings He left no other Progeny than Christina his only Daughter born on the 16. of December in the year 1626 a Princesse of so noble enendowments and so elevated a spirit that 't is not any wonder if she representing in part the living image of her great Fathers vertues give cause to believe Gustavus yet remaines to the world in his specie although not in his individuo Now as their good education who are to have succession in Kingdoms and principalities is the chiefest foundation of the peoples felicity this Princesse us'd a diligent manuring of her mind bequeathing her self to the exercises of vertue to be afterwards able to outstrip with her years the duty of age 'T was therefore observ'd that from the first moments as it were of her life and understanding she began though a child to procure the enlightning of her intellect a command ore her reason limits to her will a curb to her affections a rule to her actions and strength ●o her body She was not seven years old when instructed in the elements of the Latin tongue and letters and having now discover'd what promise she could make to her self in the Progresses of her studies by the quicknesse of her spirit and most singular judgement she fell to the cultivating her mind with the most sublime sciences as those which administer the true lights not to erre in the Pilgrimage of the world and the gaining of Heaven In her minority five Ministers and Officers of the Crown which were the most conspicuous had the government of the Kingdom to wit the great Admirall bastar'd Brother co Gustavus her Father the great Chancellour Axellius Oxestern the great President Gabriel Oxestern the great Constable James of the Garde and the great Treasurer another Gabriel Oxestern In the mean time to her other applications aforesaid she added the instructing of her self in the knowledge of different tongues to make her self the fitter and more capaple for the management of the Kingdom in which she made most eminent Progresses And as the best books are incorrupt Counsellours and Oracles which without the least request even answer to our thoughts so she in reading there employing her best hours endeavour'd to learn there the way to govern well This Princesse advancing with her years in Vertues and Sciences measur'd every ones ability so well with the subtlety of her judgement that though a girle she penetrated the hidden designes of her principall Ministers of whom she made use to draw to her self the totall direction of the affairs of the Kingdom so as she gain'd great veneration free'd her self from the subjection in which some pretended to hold her and beginning to rule shew'd she had not any need to lay the Kingdoms weight on any others head than her own insomuch

that she began when seventeen years old to assist at the Council of the State and in the eighteenth year being out of her minority took upon her the Government on the very same day the War against Denmark was hy the Crown of Swedland declar'd notwithstanding that against the Emperour together with his confederates was most vigorously prosecuted She alwaies made use of knowing and able persons and when any one assum'd to himself more authority than was fitting she found out a way to moderate his animosity She alone did administer all the publique affairs and determin'd them with much ease and satisfaction She alone would treat with Ambassadours and the Ministers of Princes giving audience without the Secretaries of State or any of her Councellours she her self giving answer to the propositions made her as well by her subjects as forraign Princes This Queen though young knew at the same time how to make her self feared and belov'd by her people and strangers She secretly sounding the genius and thoughts of every one so us'd them to the bridle of obedience and respect that she saw her most formidable Commanders though accustom'd at the head of their Armies to make the world affraid to conserve still in her presence a reverence accompany'd with a fearfull obsequiouness On the other side with the nobleness of her mind she still so oblig'd them with offices of such love and affability that she animating their affections encreas'd still towards her self their respect and obedience the true props of a Kingdom She beheld every writing presented her and quickly and with a clear voice recited it in it's language and with her own hand wrote usually the Orders of importance being as shy and heedy in imparting the secrets of her mind as curious and cunning in penetrating those of others She generally affected all Natitions vertue alone being only the object of her love She sought to mend the bad with severity and make the good better with favours and rewards so as 't is no wonder that honour and the rarest conditions that sute with worthy men were seen to flourish more in her Palace than in any other Court No Prince ever favour'd more lovers of vertue than this Queen her Majesty taking very great delight to discourse with knowing Persons and endeavouring to have near her the learnedst of each Nation whom she highly rewarded She had her maids of honour in the Court for decorum and her own entertainment but they never withdrew her from her studies and exercises of vertue No extreamity of weather nor heat of the Sun nor Snow Wind Tempests and Rains nor any other injuries of the season or accidents could induce her to that care of her self which was due to her royal condition She supposed great actions walk'd not well with delights and the Soul had no greater impediment in the gaining of vertues than the body bred up and foster'd in them labour exercise sobriety and vigilance she counting as parts of her strong and vigorous mind The glorious enterprizes which seconded the felicity of her Majesties invincible arms are already eternall in Histories After eight months cruell War and the famous success of her arms she concluded a peace with his Majestie of Denmark to her great gain and honour and afterwards establisht that of Germany not without great advantages to Swedland and then too when she thought it convenient for the ends which she aim'd at in her mind She hath made renoun'd and famous the City of Stockholm with the rule of her directions and the happy remembrance of her government she having nothing more in her thoughts than the causing her Kingdom to abound with arts and wealth Her Throne was the Theater of Glory and Justice no Princess being ever beheld of so free a mind and a courage so undaunted But she thought in the mean time of her great retreat towards Heaven that she might not repent she had been in the World As her great and noble parts did charm the hearts of all that treated with her to the fame of them flying with speed to the most remote Nations produc'd soon the usuall effects of curiosity calling many of the curious and most knowing out of Italy and France to admire her 'T is impossible to express the Civility and Courtesie with which she received every one and particularly her great liberality in gratifying caressing and rewarding the vertuous All the Princes in Europe amaz'd at her famous prerogatives either in their own Persons or else by their Agents endeavour'd to reverence and serve her To her great and conspicuous endowments nothing was wanting but the light of true Religion but Heaven not suffering so beautifull a soul and so good a mind to wander in the darkness of falsehood was so kind to her in his influence to cause great and wonderfull effects Divine grace awaken'd her searching understanding and Heavenly inspirations began to alarum in her mind the Survay of the dissonancies falshoods and untru●hs of the Sect she profess'd But the business was nice and she thought it not good to trust her motives to those Ministers credit whose knowledge she had formerly measur'd with more accurateness and wariness She consider'd with her self that as God was still the same so his faith was the same and the foundation of all truth insomuch that with reason he could not suffer any thing to be alter'd and dissonant in the knowledge of that Individuum which should be only one and still uniform to it self She therefore began to discover the weakness of the reasons which Luther and others sustain'd their new opinions and fallacie with and began to discern that the sacred Scripture understood and respected with that Purity and Candour with which 't is received and taught in the Catholique Church furnisht her with clearest arguments to convince their untruths She perceiv'd some sacred books were refus'd by the followers of Luther for no other cause but their own meer capticiousness and only for condemning their errours That of those they retain and have in such esteem the greatest part they alter adulterate and falsifie and so variously interpret that 't is not any wonder amongst such dissentions confusions resembling so many Hydra's head innumerable Sects are multiply'd and produc'd yet all disagreeing and contrary to one another Nay that now the word of God was so vilify'd that each foolish tradesman or ignorant woman durst shamelesly interpret the highest mysteries of the faith which hardly the most knowing and most sublime wits understand That the Sects did encrease or decrease as assisted and fomented here on earth yet faith is a rare gift of Heaven insomuch as the followers of novelties having nothing of assurance nor probably the true sense t was surer to rely on the uniform and agreeing interpretation of so many Saints the Catholique Church hath had in all ages for doctrine and integrity of life so renowned and eminent 'T was therefore too evident

qualities of the Cardinall a Person abounding with the vertues sutable to an Ecclesiasticall magnanimous and accomplished Prince This Gentleman nephew to Cardinall Lodowick Zacchia of happy memory was born in Rome and finish't there his studies in humanity and philosophy in the Roman Colledg under the fortunate discipline of the Jesuits accomplishing those of the law in Perugia where he was in the mean time made Clerk of the Chamber by Pope Vrbane the eight When he had administred many offices of that Tribunall he likewise performed with Cardinall Raggi the charge of Treasurer in the place of Cardinall Rapaccioli who was Commissary of the Souldiers after which on the 12th of July 1643. he was preferred to the Purple with the title of Saint George and Pope Innocent the tenth conferred on him the Bishopprick of Assisi This City is seated on the side of the Mountain Asius which in a bending line by the side of a high hill derived from the said Mountain Asius extendeth it self a mile long from the East to the West lying wholly towards the South and though at the head and the shoulders 't is environned with Mountains not uneasy and rich in fruitfull Pastures it hath fertil hills at the slanke and finely arayed and a most pleasant plain at the feet which no less for it's greatness than fertility is one of the most beautifull and best parts of Jtaly Her Majesty returned to Foligno about three howres in the night being met by the Governour the Magistrates and part of her own train which staid there the night being resplendent with many fireworks and her Majesty Supping privately The Morning after the 14th of the month she went to the Dome at the gate of which she was received in the usuall forme by my Lord Montecatini the Bishop of that City That Church was very splendidly adorned where her Majesty heard Mass then visiting the said Church of the Nunns where she heard a little Musique she returned to the Palace and dined there in publique for their satisfaction who desired to see her at dinner The end of the Fifth Book The History of the sacred and Royal Majestie of Christina Alessandra Queen of Swedland c. The Sixth Book The Argument FRom Foligno the Queen goes to Spoleto where she is royally treated by Cardinall Fachenetti She goes to Terni where she is waited on by my Lord Bonfiglioli the Governour of that City she passes to Gallese and is met by my Lord Visconte Governour of the Patrimony she advances to Caprarola where she receives the complements of the Spanish Ambassadour and thence goes to Bracciano and finally to Olgiata whither the Cardinall Legates a latere come to complement her Majestie conduct her to Rome where she makes her private entrance and is received by the Pope with all courtesie She makes her solemn entrance into Rome AFter dinner her Majesty departed from Foligno to the Confines being accompany'd by my Lord Marazzani and all his retinue and waited on to the gate by the Magistrates of the City and saluted by the Canon Mortar-pieces and Muskets the Souldiers standing in squadrons and rankes in severall places Then continuing her journey through that fruitfull Valley she dismissed on the Confines the Prelate aforesaid seeming very highly satisfyed with him And here she was met by my Lord Capecelatro a Neopolitan brother to the Duke of Sejano Governour of Spoleto who having with him a great traine of Gentlemen and two troops of horse complemented her Majesty Three miles without Spoleto Cardinall Caesar Fachenetti the Bishop of the City came out to meet the Queen accompanyed by my Lord Faustus Poli of Spleto the Bishop of Amelia the Governour of Orvieto the Prince of Gallicano and many Gentlemen The two Prelates aforesaid were there expresly to assist in this service the Cardinall The Prince came from Rome on the 11. in the evening on purpose to waite on her Majesty and being himself lodged in the Palace of the Bishop gave place to her Majesties traine and retiring into the house of a Gentleman his friend met with the opportunity of paying his respects to the Queen who received him very courteously having known long before his deserving and eminent qualities The Cardinall having complemented her Majesty returned into his Coach and went before to be ready to receive her in his Bishoprick who before she arrived at the gate found many thousand Souldiers in squadrons who saluted her with volleys of shot The Magistrates appearing with the Pompe peculiar to the sprightly inhabitants of Spoleto presented her Majesty with their humble respects at the gate of the City who caused the Coach to be stop't and kindly received them Diverse Arch triumphalls were erected in the streets which were all adorned with Figures Inscriptions and other sprightly Mottos Among all the foresaid Arches the remarkablest was that which was repaired o're an ancient gate of the City where besides the Inscription set there in honour of the Queen there was another alluding to the place where Haniball of Carthage after the battail won at Thrasymenus desiring to advance towards Rome was put to flight whereupon the same gate retains to this day the name of the gate of the flight The Queen passed through the Piazza reduced into the form of a Theater The circuite of the laterall Portici was enclosed with two great gates in each of which were Inscriptions Mottos fine Figures This Theater was made at the charge of the Gentlemen of the City incited by the generous example of the Cardinall who first of all contributed to the worke They did it supposing the Queen would have come thither by night the better to see the fireworkes which were plac't upon it and played the same evening On the great gates of the Theater were the Arms of the Queen with severall Mottos of the Kingdom of Swedland on the one side her Majesty and on the other the King her Father both on horseback The Queen being entered the Palace of the Bishop met a very noble company of Ladies who having had before of the Cardinall a splendid collation of sweet-meats were assembled together to wait on her Majesty At her entrance into the Hall they all kissed her hands and were received by her with the greatest affability her Majesty being pleased they should be present and sit at a musicall consort which was in her own Chamber and served for her Majesties entertainment that night The subject represented Faith triumphing which having sent three Persons to Sing the Queens Prayses appeared at last inviting her to enter into the little ship of St. Peter The Queen with some of her Domestiques lay in the Bishops Palace the Nuntij the Ambassadour Pimentel Count Montecuccoli and the other cheife Gentlemen being distributed in severall private houses in every one of which were Gentlemen of the City deputed to their service The direction of these lodgings was committed to the care of Signior Joseph