Senatour who gave the name both to a gate and a mountaine which in these daies are called Mount Pincius and gate Pinciana The reliques and markes of his house are seene in that very place neere the old wall And about the same walls we meet with an huge building in forme of an hemisphere or halfe circle which men imagine was the temple of the Sunne Vpon the same hill over-against the tombe of Marcellus in the very port way Flaminia fast by the monument of Domitian stood Neroes sepulchre also Now this hill Hortulorum tooke the name of certain hortyards and gardens under it which in old time by reason they were continually so well watered were most fruitfull Downe this hill all they were wont in times past to descend into Campus Martius who meant to sue and stand for any magistracie THE SIXTH BOOKE CHAP. I Of the flat plot of the citie and the Theatre in generall THat it may bee understood more certainely in what place of the plaine and levell part of the citie every thing stood let there bee a streight and right line drawne from the Capitoll through Pantheon to Tybre neere the church of Saint Roch. So shall the cittie bee in manner devided into two equall parts The one shall lie from the front and side of the Tyber the other from the Forum of Trajanus to the gate Flumentana along the foot of the two hils Quirinalis and Hortulorum Begin we will therefore at the Theatre of Marcellus and recount the places in order as hitherto we have done As for Theatrum a Greek word it is and in Latine may be aptly translated Visorium The first Theatres were appointed among the Athenians and those in regard of husbandmen who on feastivall daies visited the temples of the gods afterwards at Rome they began to bee taken up The first and that the greatest of all others was built of timber by M. Scaurus for the concavitie within would receive fourescore thousand men After it were Theatres made to turne about and shew their front one while this way another while that But as touching Theatres see more in Cassiodorus and Vitruvius who have written plenteously thereof and namely by whome they were first ordained and in what manner built CHAP. II. The Theatre of Marcellus and the Librarie the gallerie and court of Octavia A Vgustus built many things under the name of others as wee find it written by authours in many sundry And among the rest was the Theatre of Marcellus his nephew or cousin by his sister Octavia A part hereof is yet to bee seene betweene the Capitoll and Tyber where now standeth the pallace of the Sabelli It was able to containe eightie thousand men See more thereof in Asconius Hard by the very same Theatre was the gallerie of Octavia reared by the said Augustus for his sister Octavias sake Therein were certaine curious peeces of worke wrought by Praxiteles and namely the ravishing of Proserpina The portraiture of Bacchus and Satyrus Also Apollo Diana and the nine muses the workmanship of Timarchides VVithin this gallerie or walking place Plinie saith there stood a chappell of Iuno and the image of the said goddesse Fast by the said gallerie stood the court or pallaee of Octavia and in it Cupid portraied with lightening in his hand It tooke up in times past as great a space as at this day the churches of S. Nicholas in Carcere and S. Marie in Porticu After the death of Marcellus Octavia his mother set up a librarie neere his Theatre Now the first that ever ordained That bookes of all learning should bee in some publicke places bestowed for to bee read of all that would come was at Athens Pisistratus the tyrant and at Rome Asinius Pollio CHAP. III. The Cirque or shew place Flaminius and the temple of Apollo THat this Cirque Flaminius stood in that place where at this day the darke store houses and sellars be hard by S. Katharins church the markes yet remaining testifie Flaminius it was called either because it was built about the plaine called Campus Flaminius or else by Flaminius the Consull who was slaine at the battell of the lake Thrasymenus In it were the plaies and games exhibited which they call Apollinares and therein the horse-runnings were performed To it the Senate used oftentimes to come downe from the Capitoll to sit in counsell Neptune also had a chappell there Apolloes temple was in that very place as it evidently appeareth where now S. Maries church is under the Capitoll betweene the liearbe-market and the Cirque Flaminius neere to the gate Carmentalis CHAP. IIII. The temples of Vulcane Mars Bellona Hercules and Iupiter Stator the columne or pillar Bellica the altar of Neptune the galleriâ— Corinthia and the colosse of Mars WIthin the Cirque Flaminius stood most famous temples of the gods to wit of Vulcane Mars and Bellona to wit that which was toward the gate Carmentalis Before the said gate there stood a marble pillar which the Romanes called Bellica for it shewed when warre was to be made The Romanes in old time used and retained this manner in proclaiming warre The publicke beadle or one of the heraults called Faecials launced a speare with some other ensignes of warre into that land upon which they meant to levie armes But when after many conquests they had enlarged their empire and dominion and that they were oftentimes to give defiance to nations farre remote and distant because they should not need to fling a speare or javeline as I said before into that land they did but sticke one in the pillar abovenamed on that side which regardeth that part whether they were to make their expedition To Hercules the Great protectour and keeper of the cirque Flaminius they built a temple in the same place for his statue was there erected in the very entrance thereof on that side where now standeth the church of S. Lucie in the darke Apothecae M. Fulvius built another temple of the allowance that hee had of the Censours stocke to Hercules Musarum for hee had heard in Greece how Hercules was Musagetes i. the leader and companion of the Muses The same Fulvius translated the images of all the Muses out of the towne Ambracia to Rome and consecrated them under the protection and safegard of that most potent and mightie deitie to the end that they might have mutuall helpe one of the other namely the quietnesse of Muses by the defence of Hercules and the valour of Hercules by the sweet voice of the Muses This church much decaied and disfigured by time Martius Philippus Augustus his father in law i. his mothers husband repaired In the same Cirque they would have the temple of Iupiter Stator to stand There also as they gather by certain presumptions was the altar of Neptune which in old time ran bloud Octavius reared a porch or gallerie built born up with brasen pillers and therupon named Corinthia This stood betweene the Cirque
creature was fellow and partener with me With these conceits he fed his owne humour and pussed up his prowd spirit being withall by corrupt disposition of nature hote and hastie arrogant and insolent Discontented besides that of the Nobilitie his gifts qualities were not esteemed of that worth as in his own judgement they deserved first of a Senatour he became popular and began to breake his mind and impart his designes unto the Magistrates of the Commons finding fault with the Nobilitie and complaining of them solliciting and inveagling the Commons to cast a liking and favour toward himselfe carried away with the vaine gale of the peoples opinion not guided by sage counsell and discretion and in one word chusing rather to be of great name than of good and honest report And not contenting himselfe to deale in the lawes Agrariae about the division of lands which had alwaies ministred to the Tribunes of the Commons matter ynough of mutinies and seditions hee began to intermeddle betweene the debters and their creditours and to overthrow all keeping of credite And indeed deepe debts are sharpe goads and prick shreawdly threatening not onely povertie and shame but also terrifying the bodies of free men with hard imprisonment little ease and yrons Now there were exceeding many farre indebt a thing most daungerous and hurtfull to mens state even of the richer sort by reason of their great expenses destraied in building The warre therefore of the Volscians which was itselfe of great importance but much more in regard of the Latines and Hernickes rebellion withall was in shew pretended as a cause to seeke for to have a more soveraigne and absolute power to governe the State but in truth these new dessignements and plots of Manlius rather than the warre forced the Senate to create a Dictatour And A. Cornelius Cossus being created nominated for his Generall of horse T. Quintius Capitolinus The Dictatour albeit he saw a greater bickering toward at home than abroad yet were it that the warre required some speedie expedition or because by victorie and triumph hee thought to make his Dictatourship more mightie and powerfull hee tooke musters and set forward into the Pomptine land into which parts hee had intelligence that the Volscians had proclaimed their forces to repaire I doubt not but they that read in so many bookes alreadie of these continuall warresfought with the Volscians besides their tedious satietie of reading will muse also at this which to my selfe was likewise a wonder when I perused the writers that lived neere about the times of these acts how these Volscians and Aequians so often vanquished and diffeited were furnished with supplie of souldiours to maintaine their warres But seeing by the auncient Chroniclers it hath been overpassed with silence what should I alleadge but only mine owne opinion and bare conjecture which every man hath libertie to put in for himselfe Likely it is that either between the times of warres as now we see in the Romane musters they used to breed up one supplie under another of the younger sort to the maintenance and renuing so oftentimes of their war or that their armies were not alwaies levied out of the same States albeit the warres go under thename of one and the selfesame nation or that those countries yeelded in those daies an infinit number of freemen which now are well neare wast and defart but for some Romane slaves which keepe those parts yet from being void and dispeopled as having but a very small feminarie or none at all left of serviceable souldiours Certes the Volscians armie as all authors agree was very great at this time albeit of late daies by the leading and conduct of Camillus they were fore weakened and their strength much abated Besides there were with them in field the Latines and Hernickes some of the Circeians and other Coloners from Velitrae The Romane Dictatour having that day pitched his campe and the next morrow come abroad with happie tokens of good speed from the Birds having also slaine a sacrifice and procured thereby the favour and grace of the gods in joyous manner shewed himselfe unto his souldiors who according as they were commaunded were readie early in the morning by breake of day in armes attending the sound of trumpet for battaile The day is ours quoth hee my valorous souldiours if either the gods or their Prophets can foretell future events Therefore as resolute men of assured hope and such as shall encounter with far meaner than ourselves pitch we our javelins downe at our feet and draw our swords only Neither would I have you to run out of the maine battell and to give the charge but to keepe your ground to stand stedfast and abide the first shocke of the enemie And when they have spent their volie of shot in vaine and shall with full feese come upon you as you stand then brandish your swords and let them glitter in their eies and thinke everie man of the gods that they will helpe the Romanes The gods I say which in happie houre by the luckie approbation of their Birds have sent us into the field to fight And as for you ô Quintius keepe your horsemen close together marking advisedly the first beginning of the skirmish and when you see the battailes buckle together pell mell and come to handstrokes whiles they are busied and occupied one way fright them another way with your horsemen ride among their ranks as they fight and breake their arraies Thus fought both horse and foot according to his direction And as the legions wanted not a worthie captaine no more missed the captaine of happie speed The multitude of the enemies trusting upon nothing but their owne number which they measured and compared together onely by their eie intervewing both the one armie and the other rashy gave battaile and as rashly gave over againe In shout onely and shot shewing themselves hot eger at the first encounter but were not able to abide the sword fight the closing together foot to foote and the firie countenance of their enemies which for the verie heat of their courage shined and glistered fully in their eies So the forefront being put backe a seare came upon them likewise that stood behind for supply and withall the horsemen for their parts set to and fought most terriblie Wherupon the ranks of the enemies in sundrie places were broken and all set out of order so as their battailons seemed to flote wave up down to and fro in suspence whether to fight or flie Afterwards when they saw the formost smitten downe and slaine and everie one thought no other but his own turne was next to be killed they turned their backs and fled The Romans came forward still and chased them And so long as they went their way armed thick hudled together it was the footmens work to pursue them but when it was perceived once that they flong away their weapons on all hands
cowardise of the Greekes that would not come into the field the war was like to be long and lingering he nominated by the authoritie of the Senat T. Manlius Torquatus for the Dictatour to hold the Election of Consuls The Dictatour having named for his Generall of horsemen A. Cornelius Cossus held the Election and with exceeding favour of the people declared for Consull one like himselfe and tracing the steps of his owne vertue and glorie M. Valerius Corvinus for that was his surname afterwardes in his absence a young man I say three and twentie yeares olde To Corvinus was adjoyned companion in government a Commoner M. Popilius Lenas the fourth time Camillus performed no memorable exploit with the Greekes for neither were the Greekes good souldiors on land nor the Romans at sea At the last being kept from landing and failing besides other necessaries of fresh water they left Italie Of what people or of what nation in Greece this fleete consisted is not certainly known I would thinke verely that they were the Tyrants or potentates of Sicilie above all other For all Greece beyond them at that time wearied and toiled out with civill warres much feared the greatnesse of the Macedonians After the armies were discharged and that both abroad there was peace and also at home quietnesse through the unitie of the States least they should be glutted with too much joie behold a pestilence arose in the cittie and constreined the Senate to commaund the Decemviri to overlooke the bookes of Sibylla and by direction thereof was a Lectisterne celebrated The same yeare there was a Colonie drawne out of the Antiates to people Satricum and the towne was repaired by them which the Latines had destroied Also there was at Rome a league concluded with the Carthaginian embassadours who came of purpose to sue for societie and amitie The same rest continued still both at home and abroad when T. Manlius Torquitus and C. Plantius the second time were Consuls The Vsurie which was before after one in the hundred became now but halfe so much The paiment of debtes was dispensed and ordered into three yeares by even portions so as a fourth part should be paied out of hand And albeit some of the Commons for all that were pinched therewith yet the Senate had more regard to see credite kept with the chamber of the cittie than of the difficulties of private persons The greatest matters were well eased in that they forbare to collect the tribute and to muster souldiours The third yeare after that Satricum was reedified by the Volscians M. Valerius Corvinus the second time Consull with C. Petilius upon newes out of Latium that embassadours from Antium went about to the nations of the Latines solliciting them to rise up in armes was commaunded to make war upon the Volscians before the enemies forces were greater who put himselfe on his journey with a fierce armie toward Satricum Whither when as the Antiates and other Volscians were come to meete him with a power provided aforehand against any preparations from Rome presently without any staie they joyned battaile as being through a deepe setled and long hatred malitiously bent one against the other The Volscians a nation more hastie to rebell than hardie in fight being defeated in a battaile fled amaine and highed apace to put themselves within the wals of Satricum But when the wals were not able to save them for that the towne being environed and invested round with souldiors was readie to be taken by scaling there were upon 4000. of them besides the common sort not meete for service that yeelded themselves The towne was rased downe and burnt Onely they spared the firing of Matutaes church And the whole saccage and spoile was bestowed upon the souldiors But there were not comprised within this bootie the 4000 that yeelded Those the Consull in his triumph caused to be led bound before his chariot and after that solde them and brought a round sum of money into the treasurie Some write that this number of captives were bondslaves And that is more like to be true than that they should be sold who yeelded themselves After this followed Consuls M. Fabius Dorsuo and Servius Sulpitius Camerinus Then began the Auruncan war upon a sodaine invasion that they made And for feare lest the action of that one State and cittie had been the resolution of the whole Latine nation and by their maintenance there was created Dictatour as if it had been against all Latium alreadie up in armes L. Furius Camillus who chose for his Generall of horsemen Cn. Manlius Capitolinus And as the use had been in time of great troubles and sodaine tumults he mustered without any respect of Immunitie and Exemption and therewith proclaimed a Cessation of all courtes of lawe and the legions with all speed possible were led against the Auruncans Where they found that they caried a mind of harriers rather than of warriors So that in the first battaile that war was dispatched Howbeit the Dictatour because they not onely made the quarrell and warred first but also offered fight without any drawing backe supposing there was some neede of Gods help withall from heaven had vowed a temple to Iuno Moneta and after he had obtained that he vowed for and thereby was charged to performe his vow so soone as he was returned home to Rome with victorie gave up his Dictatorship The Senat commanded two officers called Duumvirs to be created for the edifying of that temple according to the magnificence of the people of Rome The place was appointed set out on the Capitoll hil even the very plot of ground where somtime before stood the dwelling house of M. Manlius Capitolinus The Coss. having imploied the Dictatour his armie in the Volscian war surprised at unwares the towne Sora out of the enemies hands The temple of Moneta was dedicated the yeare after it had been vowed when C. Martius Rutilius the third time and T. Manlius Torquatus the second time were Consuls Immediatly upon the dedication of that church there ensued a strange wonder like unto that old marveile of the hill Albanus For it rained stones in the daie time it seemed to be darke night And the bookes of Sibylla being perused for that the cittie now was mightily given to superstition the Senat ordeined that there should be a Dictatour named for the ordeining of certaine feasts and holydaies So P. Valerius Publicola was chosen and with him Q. Fabius Ambustus Generall of the horsemen Order was given that not onely the Tribes should go in solemne procession with their praiers and Letanics but also the nations that bordered upon them with a precise direction unto them upon what daies every one should make supplication That yeare as it is reported there passed heavie judgements and sentences of the people against the Vsurers with whom the Aediles had commensed sute And without any notable cause to be remembred they grew to an Interreigne Vpon
behalfe yea and many privat persons in particular for an ill neighbour he was to them all repaired to Rome in hope either to be righted and eased of their wrongs or to discharge their stomacks and be moned and comforted for their miserie Likewise from king Eumenes there arrived an embassage accompanied with his owne brother Athenaeus to make complaint as finding themselves grieved that the garrisons were not with drawen out of Thracia as also to enforme that Philip had sent certein aids into Bithynia to Prusias who made war upon Eumenes Now Demetrius Philip his sonne at that time a very yong gentleman was to answer to all these challenges and an easie peece of worke it was not either to beare in mind all the matters objected or to thinke upon the points of every answer accordingly For over and besides that the articles were many in number most of them were of very small consequence and importance namely strife about limits and land-marks about carying away men and ravishing women of driving of cattell of ministring justice partially with affection or els of none ministred at all of sentences given judgements passed in causes either by force or for favour The Senat perceiving that neither Demetrius could speak to these points and give them good evidence nor themselves be wel enformed and cleerly instructed by him being moved also and grieved to see the youth so raw a scholler in these affairs therwith much troubled in spirit gave order to enquire and demand of him Whether he had received any notes in writing from his father as touching the premisses And when hee answered and said Yea they thought the first and principall thing for them to do was to see and heare what were the answers of the king to every specialtie and particular And therupon they presently called for that booke of his fathers and then permitted him to read the contents thereof Now therein were set downe certein briefe abstracts of pleas and defenses to ech severall point shewing Imprimis that some things he had done according to the decrees and awards of the Roman Delegates and commissioners Item Whereas hee had left somwhat undone the default was not in him but in the very parties that accused him Hee had interlaced between certeine grievances and complaints as touching the iniquitie and hard penning of those decrees and how matters were not scannedand debated before Caecilius with that indifferencie and equitie as was meet and requisite and namely that without desert of his part all men were set against him insulted over him The Senat collected hereby good arguments how the hart of Philip was wounded galled against the Romans But when the yong prince excused some of these matters for the rest promised and undertooke that all should be done to the uttermost as it pleased the Senat to order set down then it was thought good to deliver this answer unto him That his father had in nothing done better nor more to the contentment of the Senat than that he seemed willing howsoever matters were passed already to make satisfation to the Romans by the means of his son Demetrius As for the Senate they could dissimule forget put up and endure many things done and past yea and were persuaded verily in their hearts that they might beleeve and trust Demetrius as knowing assuredly that although they sent his body again to his father Philip yet they had his heart and affection with them still as a sure pledge and hostage and that hee was a friend to the people of Rome so farre forth as his reverent dutie to his father would permit and give him leave letting him withall to understand that for to doe him honour they would send embassadours into Macedonie to the end that if ought had not beene so fully effectuated as it should have beene it might be done yet in good time without imputation of fault and blame or poenall satisfaction to be made for any thing hitherto omitted yea and desirous they were that Philip should understand that by the mediation of Demetrius and for his sake he stood yet in good tearmes of peace and friendship with the people of Rome These things intended and done for the increase of credit and reputation presently turned to the displeasure of the young gentleman and in the end to his utter ruine and overthrow Then were the Lacedaemonians admitted to audience in the Senate They mooved many pettie matters and trifling controversies but those that principally touched the maine point were these to wit Whether they should be restored againe whome the Achaeans had condemned or no Item Whether they were justly or unjustly killed whome they murdered Moreover they put to question Whether the Lacedaemonians were to be comprised within the generall assembly and counsell of Achaea or that this State as before-time should have their rights and franchises apart by themselves from all others in Peloponnesus The Senate ordained and awarded Imprimis That they should be restored Item That the sentences pronounced against them should be reversed Item That Lacedaemon should doe service to that high court and publicke Diet of Achaea and finally that this accord and award should be engrossed subscribed and signed as well by the Lacedaemonians as Achaeans Q. Martius was sent embassadour into Macedonie who also had direction and order given him by the same commission to visite the state of the allies in Peloponnesus for there also remained some troubles after the old quarrels and variance yea and the Messenians refused to appeare at the generall councell of Achaea Now if I would set in hand to record the causes and circumstances of that warte I should forget my purpose in the beginning of my worke wherein I resolved not to touch at all any discourse of forein histories no farther than they wer linked to the Romane affaires Howbeit one memorable occurrence there hapned which I cannot passe by namely that albeit the Achaeans had the better hand in warre yet it chaunced that Philopoemen their Pretour was taken prisoner by the Messenians as he made an expedition to seize upon Corone by prevention which the enemies were desirous to be masters of Surprised hee was in a valley of great disadvantage and some few horsmen with him It is reported that by the help of the Thracians and Candiots he might have fled and escaped but for very shame to abandon those men of armes which were the noblest gentlemen of that nation and whome hee lately had made choise of he had not the power to doe otherwise but stay to see the last For whiles he came himselfe behind in the rereward because he was desirous to make meanes for their evasion through the streights of that passe and to that purpose valiantly received the charge of the enemies his horse fell and cast him at once so as with his owne fall and his horse lying upon him he had like to have gone away in a swoune a man now threescore
soudered with lead Both these chests had a superscription upon them in Greeke and Latine letters to this effect That in the one of them lay buried Numa Pompilius the sonne of Pompo sometime king of Rome and in the other were bestowed the bookes of the said Numa The owner of this ground opened these coffers by the advise and counsell of his friends and that which carried the title and inscription of the kings sepulture was found emptie without any shew or token of the reliques of a mans body or anything els by reason the bones and all were rotten and consumed in continuance of time after so many yeers past In the other were found two fardels wrapped within waxe candles or ceare-clothes conteining either of them seven bookes which were not only whole and sound but also seemed very fresh and new One seven of them were written in Latin as touching the Pontificiall law the other seven in Greeke entituled The discipline or doctrine of Philosophie such as those daies might affourd Valerius Antias saith moreover That they were the bookes of Pythagoras according to the common received opinion of Numa that he was the disciple of Pythagoras herein giving credit to a probable lie resembling a truth These books were first read by those friends of his who were present at the place where the chests were opened but afterwards as they came into more mens hands to be read it chaunced that Q. Petilius the lord cheefe justice of the citie desirous to peruse those bookes borrowed them of L. Petilius with whom he was familiarly acquainted by reason that the abovenamed Quintus Petilius had chosen the foresaid Lucius into the decurie of the Scribes and Secretaries Who after he had read the titles with the summaries and contents of every chapter and finding the most part thereof tending directly to abolish the state of religion then established said unto L. Petilius that he purposed to fling those bookes into the fire but before hee did so hee would permit him to use what meanes hee thought by order of law or otherwise would serve his turne to recover the said bookes out of his hands and good leave hee should have to take that course without his displeasure or any breach of friendship betweene them The Scribe or notarie aforesaid goeth to the Tribunes for their assistance the Tribunes put the matter over to the Senat before whom the Pretour said plainely That he was readie to take his corporall oth if he were put to it that those bookes ought neither to be read nor kept Whereupon the Senate judged that for such a matter the offer onely of the Pretors oth was sufficient and that the bookes should be burned with all speed possible in the open place of assemblies called Comitium but they awarded withall that there should bee paied unto Q. Petilius the right owner as much money for the bookes as the Pretour and the more part of the Tribunes of the Commons esteemed them worth The Scribe would touch none of the money but his bookes were burnt in the foresaid place before all the people in a light fire made by the ordinarie servitours attending upon the sacrificers The same summer there arose suddainely a great warre in higher Spaine The Celtiberians had gathered a power of five and thirtie thousand men a number more than lightly at any time before they had levied Now as Q. Fulvius Flaccus lord Deputie of that province Hee for his part because he was advertised that the Celtiberians put their youth in armes had raised and assembled as great aids of the confederates as he could but nothing came hee neere to the enemie in numbers of souldiours In the beginning of the Spring hee led his armie into Carpetania and encamped before the towne Ebura after hee had planted a meane garrison within it A few daies after the Celtiberians pitched their tents within two miles from thence under a little hill When the Romane Pretour perceived they were come he sent his brother Marcus Fulvius with two companies of the horsemen of allies in espiall to view the enemies campe willing him to approach as neere to the trench and rampier as hee could and to see what compasse the campe tooke but to forbeare skirmish and in any hand to retire in case he perceived the Cavallerie of the enemies made out against him According to this direction hee did in every respect And so for certaine daies together there was nothing done but onely these two companies of horsemen shewing first and afterwards retiring backe so soone as the Cavallerie of the enemies issued out of their campe At length the Celtiberians also came forth and advaunced forward with all their power as well horse as foot and having set them in ordinance of battell staied as it were in the middes betweene The whole ground was a smooth and even plaine fit to joyne a battaile in There stood the Spaniards I say expecting their enemies but the Romane Pretour kept his men within the rampier foure dayes togither and they likewise of the other side held the same place still in battaile array The Romanes all that while st irred not a foot The Celtiberians then seeing the enemies refused fight held themselves quiet also within their camp onely the horsemen rid forth and they kept a corps de guard to be in readines if peradventure the enemies should be busie come abroad Both of the one side and the other they went out at the back-side of their camp to purvey forage fewel and impeached not one another The Roman Pretor supposing now that after so many daies rest the enemies were borne in hand and hoped fully that hee would never begin first commanded L. Actlius to take with him the left wing of the cavallerie six thousand of the provinciall auxiliaries and to fetch a compasse about the hill which stood behind the enemies and from thence so soone as they heard a crie to run downe a maine and charge upon their campe And because they might not be dscovered in the night time they departed Flaccus the next morning by peepe of day sent out C. Scribonius a colonell of the allies against the enemies campe with the extraordinarie horsmen of the left wing whom when the Celtiberians beheld both approaching neere toward them and also more in number than uually they had bene they put forth all their Cavallerie at once out of the gates withal gave the signal to the Infanterie also to come abroad Scritonius according to the direction given him so soon as ever he heard the first noise shout of the horsmen turned the head of his horse and retired back full upon the campe therwith the enemies followed more freely first the horsemen and within a while the footmen also making full account to be masters of the Roman leaguer that day verily now were they not past halfe a mile When Flaccus supposed that they were trained farre enough from their owne camp for succouring
moneth wheron the Consuls were wont to begin their magistracie a man can hardly find any certaintie before the sixe hundred yeere from the citties foundation In the foure and fortieth yeere verily after the kings were exiled the first day of Iuly as Livie writeth was the ordinarie day for yeerely magistrates to take their place but how many yeeres following that order continued or at what time it was changed hee sheweth not before he come to the three hundred and two yeere and then he faith in his third booke That the thirteenth of May was the ordinary day for magistrates to begin their government Thus much at leastwise we may collect by him when he saith that this time was solemne that he meant not two or three yeeres onely but many For that is properly called solemne which is by law usually observed Againe wee read a little after the beginning of the first booke that this time also was altered for whereas the fift day of December was the usuall time that magistrates began to execute their office hee saith that it was changed in these words The principall nobles and lords of the Senat were it upon the default or the infortunitie of their Generals that so shamefull an overthrow was received opined and advised not to expect and stay for the ordinary time of the election but presently to creat new militarie Tribunes in Consuls authoritie who should enter into their government the first day of October c. Which opinion of theirs imported and the whole house accorded to it whereupon the other Tribunes gain said it But Sergius and Vrginius withstood this Act of the Senate and denied flatly to resigne up their dignity before the eleventh of December the ordinary day of taking their othe and beginning their magistracie And a little after within one page hee sheweth that the usuall day of entrance into government was altered from the eleventh of Decemb. to the first of Sept. saying When this speech was received with a general applause of al men and that the nobles and lords of the Senate c. But this day was kept but a few yeares For about sixe yeeres after he saith by occasion that both Consuls lay sicke it was ordained that the first of Iuly should be the ordinary day And this also I find was chaunged to another whatsoever it was for named it is nor therfore uncertain But this hapned in the four hundred thirteenth yere after the cities foundation as Livie about the beginning of the 8 booke sheweth in these words And when the Consuls were commaunded to resigne up their magistracie before the time to the end that new Consuls might the sooner be created against so great troubles of war c. For in these words The sooner c. he declareth that the usuall day of entrie into governement was then chaunged But as it is not certainely set downe what day this was so the other was as well knowne for soone after and namely the eight yeere following it was appointed to wit the first day of Iuly Immediately therefore quoth he the new Consuls L. Aemylius Mamercus and Cn. Plautius were enjoined that day even the first of Iuly on which they began their office to agree and part betweene themselves their provinces As for the month wherein for the most part the assembly for election of magistrates was holden we read it was Februarie like as the thirteenth of March was ordinarie for them to begin their government For this day held alwaies during the second Punicke war and the Macedonian and longer than so Thus Livie testifieth in many places which to quote is needlesse as in the sixt book of the second Punicke war and in the beginning of the first booke as touching the Macedonian By which who seeth not that there is great varietie in the moneth and day both whereupon the magistrates were wont to begin their rule But wheras all the certainerie in computation and account of the time dependeth upon a precise exact firme and settled reckoning of yeeres months and daies and seeing that in Livies storie it is neither expressely shewed what yeere month or day the magistrates began their government nor precisely noted when the reckoning altered considering also that nothing therin is more wavering and inconstantly delivered than the very usuall day of entring into magistracie what marvell is there if authours dissent so much about the computation of the times whiles one beginneth at this moneth another at that whiles some I say ascribe these magistrates created to this yeere others attribute the same to another Thirdly there being great difference betweene Dionysius and Livie as well about the reckoning of the times and yeeres as the acts and affaires that therein-passed all seemeth to have risen hereupon that the purpose of Livie was not to deliver exactly the acts occurrents of greatest antiquitie which happened in the State of the people of Rome and which by many writers aforetime had ben most diligently set down penned to posteritie but to record write those things especially which from the time a little before the second Punick war had been atchieved by the people of Rome unto the age wherein himselfe lived But because as Polybius most wisely and pithily writeth a generall storie cannot be understood by particular registers and for that an Historiographers studie and endevour ought to be emploied rather in an universall treatise than in particular discourses therefore least so great a peece of work as his wanting a beginning should seeme maimed unperfect in the formost 20 books he slightly breefely ran over the deeds of the people of Rome from the foundation of the citie unto the beginning of the second Punick war But Dionysius professing purposely to describe the auncient monuments of the Romanes thought it his part to overpasse and omit nothing worthie of remembrance but most curiously and exactly hath delivered al things pertinent either to the calculation of the times or discourse of affaires in so much as those things whereof Livie hath scantly made three bookes hee hath declared at large in eleven Here upon if a man read in Dionysius the auncient beginning and originall of the Roman empire and examine well the times how they are by him digested and compare the same with the brevitie in Livie no doubt he will preferre the diligence of the former before the overhastinesse of the later But if the indifferent reader consider the purpose and intent of them both he will yeeld unto either of them their due praise and whereas Livie making hast to other matters hath either let passe or more slightly handled some things he will judge him worthie rather to be excused than reproved for it To these three causes above rehearsed others also may be adjoined namely the ordering of the yeers by Romulus and the varietie as touching that yeere wherein Rome was founded but it may suffice only to touch these point unto them with the finger
him atchieved 25 L. Tarquinius Superbus the seventh K. of Romans ruled 25 yeeres IN the two hundred and twentieth yeare after the foundation of the citie L. Tarquinius the younger having killed Servius Tullius entered upon the Romane kingdome with force of armes not by Interregent ne yet any right of law Superbus hee was named for his cruell demeanour in that hee forbad to commit to earth the dead corps of his father in law by him murdered giving out that Romulus likewise died and lay unburied Hee was the sonne of L. Tarquinius Priscus the king as Q. Pictor Au. Gellius Licinius Macer Verrius Flaccus and Livius have written Howbeit Dionysius out of L. Piso in his Annales by most strong reasons disproveth their errour and by the certaine computation of the yeeres sheweth how it cannot possibly be so but rather that hee was the sonne of Tarquinius Priscus his sonne who died in the life of Priscus Five twentie yeeres he reigned according to Livie in his first book Dionysius in his fourth and Solinus in his Polyhistor But Cassiodorus Eusebius Eutropius and Bedas ascribe unto him five and thirtie yeeres adding unto his raigne those ten yeares which they tooke from Servius Tullius and thereby giving occasion of errour to the later writers Of him Dionysius Livie both the Plinies Gellius Macrobius and Eutropius have written much Collect then into one summe the yeares of these kings raigne and thereof will arise the number of two hundred fortie foure Of the first election of Consuls THis is the second chaunge of the common-weale by occasion that Superbus the K. as well for his insolent and proud government as for the villanie offered by Sextus the kings sonne to Lucretia was expelled and libertie recovered wherupon the soveraigne government yeer by yeere was committed to two men who first were named Pretours for that they were set over the people then Iudges because they decided their controversies and lastly Consuls in that they advised and provided for the good of the common-weale as Cicero in the third book of Lawes declareth in these words Let there be two invested in roiall government and of ruling judging and counsell giving be they called Pretours Iudges and Consuls let them have also the soveraigntie of commaund in warre Now the first Consuls or Pretors were created by Sp. Lucretius father of Lucretia and Interregent for the time in a generall assembly by the voices of the Centuries according to the commentaries of Servius Tullius the king The first Consull had all the rights prerogatives and regall ensignes of the KK this onely provided that both of them should not have the rods and axes carried before them for feare of presenting any terror to the people Both of them were chosen out of the Patritij which for this intent I advertise the Reader of that the progresse of the common-weale might be knowne seeing that in processe of time they came to be created out of the commons also Moreover as concerning the yeere moneth and day when as the first Consuls entred their government something were to be said in this place but because we have spoken before of the varietie and dissention of Authors thereabout therefore letting passe these circumstances proceed wee to the very Consuls who by the testimonie of all writers were first chosen namely 245 L. Iunius Brutus and L. Tarquinius Collatinus IT is recorded by all writers that L. Iunius Brutus L. Tarq. Collatinus were the first Coss. or Pretors of the Rom. people who in the end of the 244 yeer since the foundation of the citie and upon the first day of March after the Tarquins KK the father the son wer expelled the citie in an assembly of the Centuries were solemnly pronounced and declared Coss. But after that Brutus had compelled his colleague Tarquinius to resign up his Consulship either because hee was suspected for the affinitie and name of the Tarquins as L. Piso in Gellius the 15 book and 29 cap. Livie Plutarch Cic. 3. Offic. doe write or by occasion of a variance between Brutus and Collatinus about the execution of Collatinus his sisters sonne as Dionysius reporteth hee subelected in his place Pub. Valerius Volusius the sonne of Volusus whose helping hand hee had used especially in banishing the KK Of whose Consulship Polybius in the third booke Dionysius Livie Valerius Max. 4 booke 4 chap. Plutarch in Poplicola and Plinie 36 booke chap. 15 have made mention But Valerius after that Brutus in his magistracie was slaine by Aruns the sonne of Superbus for the king his father had levied warre against the Romans in a generall court of all the Centuries tooke unto him for his companion in government Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus the father of Lucretia and to him being the elder submitted the preheminence of soveraigntie And soone after within few daies upon his death for hee was very aged hee assumed unto him M. Horatius Pulvillus for his colleague in the Consulship The said Valerius was called Poplicola for that during his magistracie he enacted certaine lawes very popular and namely concerning the appeale from the Consuls to the people and the receiving of the state-government from the said people as Livius and Dionysius do witnes In the vulgar bookes as also in the old written copies whether by error or of purpose I wote not wee read his name evermore Publicola but still in one and the same signification Only the letters are a little altered which otherwise have much affinitie one with another as Quintilian writeth namely o with u and p with b. For in antique titles and inscriptions you shall read often Poplicus for Publicus To conclude therefore in the first yeere after the KK were exiled Coss. at Rome were these L. Iunius Brutus and Lu. Tarq. Collatinus P. Valerius Publicola Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus M. Horatius Pulvillus 246 P. Valerius II. T. Lucretius THe Consulship of these two is recorded unto us by Dionysius Livius and Cassiodorus Onuphrius Panvinius giveth unto Lucretius the surname of Tricipitinus both for that it was a peculiar addition to that house also because by an ancient Chronologer in the records of Cuspinian he is named Tricipitinus Now for Publius the Etymologie therof according to Sextus is twofold For some call him Pub. who hath ben brought up at the publicke charges others again name him so who was a ward before hee had his name given him 247 P. Lucretius P. Valerius Poplicola LIvius calleth this Lucretius by the for-name of P. but other books of Titus Dionysius writeth that P. Valerius Poplicola the third time and M. Horatius the second time were Coss. Plutarch speaketh of the third Consulship only of P. Valerius Onuphrius and Sigonius follow Dionysius As for Cassiodorus hee leaveth out altogether these Consuls 248 Sp. Lartius T. Herminius AFter Poplicola the third time and Pulvillus the second time Consuls Dionysius hath placed Sp. Lartius T. Herminius The same dooth Cassiodorus And the booke noted by Cuspinian
Genutius is the same who before-time was Consull As for C. Blasio he is described by his Censorship standing upon record in the Capitoll The Greeke records over-passe them both 485 or after some P. Sempronius or after some App. Claudius or after some Q. Ogulpbius or after some Fabius Pictor AFter Cornelius and Genutius Consuls Cassiodorus bringeth in Pub. Sempronius and App. Claudius and of purpose over-skippeth Q. Gulo and Fabius Pictor Zonaras Q. Gallus and C. Fabius Of them speaketh Eutropius saying When Q. Gulo and Fabius Pictor were Consuls the Picenates raised warre and by the Consuls next following to wit P. Sempronius and App. Claudius they were vanquished Plinie also in his 33 booke and 3 chap. When Q. Fabius quoth hee was Consull silver was coined and stamped for money five yeeres before the second Punicke war These Consuls Velleius also reckoneth in his first booke But Sigonius and Onuphrius advertise us that the booke of Eutropius is verie faultie in one of these Consuls and that in lieu of Quin. Gulo it should be read Q. Ogulphius for of this Gulo there is no place besides any mention so as they would have that it should be Q. Ogulvius son of L. nephew of A. surnamed Gallus who a little before was sent in embassage to Ptolomeus And it falleth out passing well that they should match Ogulvius a commoner with Fabius a Patritian Also Onuphrius testifieth that in the most auncient hand written bookes of Eutropius the name is found of Ogulvius And as both the Greeke records and also Zonaras togither with the more auncient and perfect copies of Eutropius agree to this his judgement so Hubertus Goltzius likewise in his catalogue of Consuls embraceth the same and that which maketh most for the purpose the old antiquities of coine witnesse as much But in the meane while this is worth the observation that often times in the most auncient peeces of money the letter C. is written for G as for example here Ocul Cal. for Ogul Galba 486 P. Sempronius App. Claudius SEeing that wee settle the Consulship of the former yeer in Ogulvius and Fabius Pictor and that upon the authoritie of Eutropius the Greeke records Cuspinian Zonaras Onuphrius and others wee will set downe for this yeeres Consuls P. Sempronius and App. Claudius whome Velleius in his first booke calleth Sempronius Sophus and Appius the sonne of Caecus The Greeke records Sempronius Rufus Sophus and Cuspinians booke Rufus Moreover this also Goltzius giveth us to understand that the surname of this Sempronius is in old peeces of coin found written without an aspiration Sopus which is no rare thing to be seene in such antiquities for we read in others of them Pilippus Tampilus Graccus Pulcer Triumpius for Philippus Tamphilus Gracchus Pulcher Triumphus and such like 487 M. Attilius L. Iulius Libo EVtropius putteth downe for Consuls Mar. Attilius and L. Iulius Libo The Sicilian registers Regulus and Libo Cassiodorus M. Attilius and L. Iulius And both of them are taken forth of the records of capitoll triumphs 488 D. Iunius N. Fabius CAssiodorus reporteth for Coss. this yeere D. Iunius and N. Fabius the Sicilian register Pera and Pictor the capitol records of triumphs D. Iunius son of D. nephew of D. surnamed Pera and N. Fabius son of C. nephew of M. surnamed Pictor Vpon what occasion these Fabij tooke the surname of Pictor Plinie sheweth in his 35 book chap. 4. Valer. Max. in his 4 booke and 3 chap. seemeth to note and signifie that Fabius Gurges and N. Fabius Pictor lived at one and the same time 489 Q. Fabius Maximus L. Mamilius Vitulus THis yeere also Cassiodorus passeth over The Greeke records shew Maximus and Vitulus Zonaras Q. Fabius and Aemilius no doubt for Mamilius by some errour and fault of the copies Cuspinian out of some old books delivereth unto us for Consuls Q. Fab. Maximus and Lu. Mamilius Onuphrius thinketh that Q. Fab. Maximus Gurges was now thrice Consull 490 Ap. Claudius M. Fulvius BEsides the capitoll monuments Polybius in his first booke maketh mention of these Consuls Gellius also who calleth them thus App. Claudius brother of Caecus surnamed Caudex and Mar. Fulvius Flaccus In like manner Livie Paterculus and Plinie in his booke of famous men as also Appianus Florus Frontinus in his I booke of Stratagems Eutropius Orosius and Cassiodorus 491 M' Valerius M' Otacilius CAssiodorus and Eutropius shew unto us that M' Valerius and M' Otacilius were Consuls Zonaras nameth Valerius Max. and Otacilius Crassus Cuspinians Kalender and the Sicilian records Maximus Messala and Crassus Of these Consuls Verrius Flaccus Polybius Cassiodorus Eutropius and Macrobius out of Varro make report As for Macrobius he rendreth a reason why M' Valerius was in this government of his named Messala and Plinie likewise in his sixt booke and five and thirtie chapter 492 L. Posthumius Q. Mamilius CAssiodorus and Polybius put downe for next Consuls L. Postumius and Q. Mamilius Zonaras nameth them Postumius Albinus and Quintus Mamilius The Sicilian registers Albinus and Vitulus but the capitoll monuments Lucius Postumius sonne of Lucius nephew of Licius surnamed Megellus and Quin. Mamilius sonne of Q. nephew of M. surnamed Vitulus 493 L. Valerius T. Otacilius POlybius and Cassiodorus match togither in the Consulate for this yeere L. Valerius and T. Otacilius the surname of Valerius is Flaccus and of Otacilius Crassus as it appeareth upon the capitoll and Sicilian records 494 Cn. Cornelius C. Duilius CAssiodorus and Zonaras bring in for Coss. Cn. Cornelius and C. Duilius In like manner also Polybius but only that in lieu of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hee hath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Sicilian registers shew Scipio and Duilius Cn. Cornelius Scipio is surnamed also Asina by the capitall writers Orosius Eutropius and Valerius in his sixt book chap. 10 of which surname Macrobius writeth thus in his first booke of Saturnalia The surname of Asina qd hee was given to the Cornelij for that the first of the House Cornelia having either bought land or given his daughter in marriage when after the solemne manner hee was required to put in good sureties for securitie brought into the open market place a shee asse laden with money and pawned down that presently in stead of pledges 495 C. Aquilius son of M. L. Cornelius son of L. THere are nominated by Cassiodorus for Consuls C. Aquilius and L. Cornelius The Sicilian registers Florus and Scipio Zonaras C. Florus and L. Scipio Eutropius and Orosius L. Cornelius Scipio and C. Aquilius Florus Polybius leaveth them out The Capitoline monuments agree with the Annales of Eutropius and Orosius 496 A. Atilius Calatinus Q. Sulpitius POlybius avoucheth for this yeeres Consuls A. Atilius and C. Sulpitius Cassiodorus A. Atilius Calatinus and C. Sulpitius The Sicilian registers and Cuspinians Kalender Calatinus Paterculus The capitoll monuments A. Atilius Calatinus and C. Sulpitius Paterculus Zonaras Atilius Calatinus and Caius Sulpitius Of these Consuls Polybius Cicero Valerius
Sempronius Blaesus II. 511 C. Fundanius C. Sulpitius CAssiodorus putteth downe C. Fundanius and C. Sulpitius for Consuls The Sicilian writers writers Fundulus and Gallus The Capitoll monuments Caius Fundanius Fundulus and C. Sulpitius Gallus None besides make mention of â—hem 512 C. Lutatius Catulus A. Postumius CAssiodorus delivereth unto us for Consuls this yeere C. Lutatius and Aul. Postumius The Sicilian records Catulus and Albinus Eutropius and the Capitoll marbles C. Lutatius Catulus and A. Postumius Albinus 513 Q. Lutatius Cereo A. Manlius CAssiodorus Eutropius and Orosius shew for Consuls this yeere Q. Lutatius and Aul. Manlius The Sicilian records Cereo and Torquatus They of the Capitoll Q. Lutatius Cereo and Aul. Manlius Torquatus Atticus II. Indeed C. Lutatius Cereo is named for an embassador by Livie in his 42 booke 514 C. Claudius Centho M. Sempronius FOr this yeer there were Consuls C. Claudius Centho and M. Sempronius Tudâ—tanus according to Cassiodorus and the capitoll writers The Sicilian records testifie also the same surnames Of these Consuls likewise besides the capitoll Writers Cicero speaketh in his Cato and Brutus where hee calleth this yeere according to the judgement of Atticus wherto Varro also agreeth the 514 yeere from the foundation of the cittie as also in his first Tusculane question So doth Gellius 17 booke 21 chap. and Cassiodorus 515 C. Mamilius Q. Valerius NExt there followed in Consuls place as witnesseth Cassiodorus C. Mamilius and Q. Valerius but according to the Sicilian registers Turrinus and Falco and after the capitoll records C. Mamilius Turrinus and Q. Valerius Falco Besides Verrius Flaccus and Cassiodorus Gellius also maketh mention of these Coss. in his 17 booke and 21 chap. So doth Cicero in Brutus and the Tusculane questions in which yeere they say that Ennius the poet was borne 516 T. Sempronius P. Valerius FOr the yeere following Cassiodorus hath Consuls T. Sempronius and Pub. Valerius Gracchus and Falco in Cuspinians Kalender and the Sicilian records Zonaras avoucheth Sempronius Gracchus and P. Valerius The capitoll writers have T. Sempronius Gracchus and Pub. Valerius Falco Orosius speaketh of these Consuls 517 L. Cornelius Q. Fulvius NExt to them Cassiodorus reporteth for Consuls L. Cornelius and Q. Fulvius Zonaras L. Lentulus and Q. Flaccus Eutropius L. Cornelius Lentulus and Q. Fulvius Flaccus The capitoll registers give to Lentulus the surname Candenus and therefore in Cuspinians Kalender they stand by the names of Candinus and Flaccus As for the Sicilian registers they leave them out cleane 518 C. Licinius P. Cornelius CAssiodorus putteth downe for Consuls C. Licinius and P. Cornelius Zonaras Pub. Lentulus and Licinius Varus The capitoline writers C. Licinius Varus and P. Cornelius Lentulus Candinus In like maner Censorinus who reckoneth this for the 518 yeere after the cities foundation following herein the computation of Varro Cicero and Plinie Cuspinians Kalender and the Sicilian registers name them Claudius and Varus 519 T. Manlius Torquatus C. Atilius THis yeere had for Consuls as Cassiodorus saith T. Manlius Torquatus and C. Atilius The Sicilian records shew Torquatus and Bulbus but Eutropius Orosius and the capitoll tables shew T. Manlius Torquatus and C. Atilius Bulbus unto Bulbus The capitol records put to the numeral note II. When T. Manlius Torquatus and C. Atilius Bulbus the second time were Coss. according to Verrius Flaccus Eutropius Orosius and Cassiodorus and that there was peace throughout all the empire of Rome the temple of Ianus was shut the second time as Plutarch sheweth in Numa as Livie also Velleius Eutropius and Orosius doe testifie 520 L. Postumius Sp. Carvilius CAssiodorus nameth for Consuls this yeere L. Postumius and Sp. Carvilius The Sicilian registers have Albinus and Ruga Zonaras Postumius Albinus and Sp. Carvilius The Capitoll writers have L. Posthumius Albinus and Sp. Carvilius Maximus That Ruga was a surname to the Carvilij appeareth out of Gellius who maketh mention of Sp. Carvilius Ruga who at this time was the first that divorced his wife 521 Q. Fabius M' Pomponius CAssiodorus putteth downe for Consuls Q. Fabius and M' Pomponius The Sicilian records Maximus and Matho The Capitoline writers have Qu. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus and M. Pomponius Matho Zonaras hath Qu. Fabius Max. and Manius Pomponius The surname of Maximus this Fabius tooke of his grandfather and was not himselfe the first of that name whatsoever Polybius writeth in his third booke Verrucosus he was called besides of a wert upon his lip as Plutarch witnesseth and he that wrote the treatise of Famous men 522 M. Lepidus M. Poplicius MArcus Lepidus and M. Poplicius are reputed to be Consuls this yeere by Cassiodorus The Sicilian registers have Lepidus and Malleolus Zonaras hath M. Malleolus and M. Aemylius The Capitoll tables shew M. Aemylius Lepidus and M. Poplicius 523 C. Papirius M. Pomponius NExt after this were created Consuls C. Papirius and M. Pomponius according to Cassiodorus Zonaras and Dionysius in his second booke The Sicilian registers shew Maso and Matho But the Capitol records have C. Papirius Maso and M. Pomponius Matho Of C. Papirius son of C. surnamed Maso a Pontifie or bishop Livie speaketh in the yeer 540. 524 M. Aemylius M. Iunius ZOnaras and Cassiodorus exhibite unto us for Consuls M. Aemylius and M. Iunius The Sicilian registers Barbula and Pera. The Capitoll records M. Aemylius Barbula Mar. Iunius Pera. 525 L. Postumius Cn. Fulvius CAssiodorus setteth down L. Postumius and Cn. Fulvius as Consuls The Sicilian records Albinus and Gentumalus But those of the Capitoll and Eutropius present unto us L. Postumius Albinus Cn. Fulvius Centumalus Polybius nameth Cn. Fulvius and A. Postumius 526 Q. Fabius II. Sp. Carvilius THere are by Cassiodorus nominated for Consuls this yeere Qu. Fabius Maximus the second time and Sp. Carvilius The Sicilian registers Maximus Ruga The Capitol writers set also unto Carvilius Maximus the marke and numerall note of a double Consulship Cicero in his booke entituled Cato likewise in his second booke of Rhetoricall invention maketh mention of these Consuls and so doth Valerius in his chapter discoursing of the kindnes and affectionate dutie of children to their parents 527 P. Valerius M. Atilius THese are set downe by Cassiodorus for Coss. this yeer P. Valerius and M. Atilius The Sicilian registers have Flaccus Regulus The Capitoll records represent P. Valerius Flaccus and M. Atilius Regulus Gellius writeth of them in his 4 booke and 3 chapter 528 L. Apustius M. Valerius NExt after Cassiodorus putteth L. Apustius and M. Valerius Consuls The Sicilian tables Maximus and Apustius The Capitoll monuments L. Apustius Fullo M. Valer. Messala 529 C. Atilius L. Aimilius IMmediately followed Consuls C. Atilius and L. Aimilius as Cassiodorus and Polybius doe witnesse whome the Capitoll writers call C. Atilius Regulus and L. Aimilius Papus The Sicilian registers 〈…〉 Zonaras Regulus and Aimilius Of 〈◊〉 Consuls also Orosius maketh mention and Plinie in his third booke and twentie chapter where untruly men read Paulus for
also in the 56 Epitome and of Africanus twice Consull by Appian in Hispanensis by Orosius Florus and Valerius in his eight booke 621 P. Mucius L. Calpurnius THis yeere had Consuls P. Mucius and Lu. Calpurnius as witnesseth Cassiodorus The Sicilian registers shew Scaevola and Calpurnius Valleius nameth P. Mucius Scaevola and L. Calpurnius Of these Consuls Paedianus upon the Orations against Verres maketh mention in these words Scaevola a right learned man in the lawes was Consull with L. Piso that yeere wherein Tab. Gracchus was killed In the broken marbles of the capitoll he standeth by the name of L. Calpurnius Piso surnamed also Frugi that truly For Cicero in one Oration against Verres and in another for Fonteius writeth that he was the first of the Pisones called Frugi This man when he was Tribune or Provost of the Commons made a law against the extortion of magistrates when Martius Manilius were Consuls he wrote also the annaples of Rome as Cicero testifieth in his booke Brutus 622 P. Popilius P. Rupilius AGainst this yeere were Consuls created as Cassiodorus writeth P. Popilius and P. Rupilius after the Sicilian records Laenus and Rupilius Cicero maketh mention of them in his thirteenth booke of epistles to Atticus and against Verres Also in the capitoll fragments we read of P. Popillius son of Caius and P. Rupilius sonne of P. and nephew of Publius Velleius in his second booke nameth the Consuls Rupilius and Popilius Cicero in Laelius speaketh of Rupilius and Laenas And of P. Rupilius there is mention made in the epitome or breviarie 59. 623 P. Crassus L. Valerius CAssiodorus putteth down for Consuls this yeere Pub. Crassus and Lu. Valerius Crassus and Flaccus the Sicilian catalogue L. Valerius Flaccus and Pub. Licinius Crassus according to Cicero in his eleventh Philippicke against Antonie Of this Consull Pub. Licinius Crassus all they have spoken who wrote of the warre of Aristonicus This P. Crassus surnamed Dives by Cicero in his bookes of a perfect Oratour and in Brutus is called the brother of Scevola Whereupon Velleius in his second booke nameth him Mutianus betokening thereby that hee was adopted out of the house of Mutij into the familie of the Crassi This man Gellius writeth in his first booke and three and twentieth chapter to have beene of all others the richest man the noblest personage and the most eloquent Orator the deepest lawyer and the supreame bishop withall 624 C. Claudius M. Perpenna APpius Claudius and M. Perpenna are matched in the Consulate together this yeere by Obsequens and Cassiodorus Cuspinians booke and the Greeke records shew Lentulus and Perpenna This Claudius haply was adopted into the familie of the Corneij Moreover Cicero in his third booke of Lawes and in the Oration for Plancius calleth this man C. Claudius This also is confirmed by an old table of stone commonly knowne wherein is to bee seene this inscription C. Claudio and M. Perpenna Coss. Which evidence Sigonius and Onuphrius following named him C. Claudius and not Appius Of this M. Perpenna as many as wrote the warre of Aristonicus have made mention and namely Valerius in his 3 booke and 4 chap. Valleius Strabo Orosius Eutropius 625 C. Sempronius M. Aquilius THis yeere had Consuls M. Aquilius and C. Sempronius as witnesseth Cassiodorus But Aquilius and Tuditanus according to the Sicilian registers C. Sempronius Tuditanus and M. Aquilius after Orosius Cicero speaketh of them in his booke of the nature of gods and to his brother Quintus Paterculus also in his second booke Strabo in his 14 booke Appian in his first booke And both of them are taken out of the triumph records in the capitoll 626 Cn. Octavius T. Annius NExt followed as Consuls Cn. Octavius and T. Annius as Cassiodorus testifieth and none but he For Cuspinians book and the Sicilian catalogue have Octavius and Rufus Plutarch also writeth that one T. Annius contended with Tib. Gracchus in a sedition As for this Cn. Octavius son he was to that Cneus who was Consull in the yeere five hundred eightie nine 627 L. Cassius L. Cinna CAssiodorus nameth for this yeeres Consuls L. Cassius and L. Cinna The Sicilian records Longinus and Cinna Cuspinians books set out Rulla corruptly for Ravilla and Cinna This L. Cassius was his sonne who bare the Consulship in the yeer five hundred ninetie and he was afterwards Censor in the yeere 629 surnamed Ravilla by Frontius 628 M. Aemylius L. Aurelius CAssiodorus Obsequens reckon for Coss. this yeere Mar. Aemylius and Lu. Aurelius The Sicilian catalogue sheweth Lepidus and Orestes Censorinus hath M. Aemylius Lepidus and L. Aurelius Orestes Cicero in Brutus Mar. Lepidus and L. Orestes 629 M. Plautius M. Fulvius CAssiodorus and Obsequens avouch Consuls this yeere M. Plautius and M. Fulvius The Sicilian registers Hypseus Flaccus Orosius and Frontinus in his treatise of Water-conduits M. Plautius Hypseus and Mar. Fulvius Flaccus Valerius also in his discourse of Pride maketh mention of them 630 C. Cassius Longinus C. Sextius CAssiodorus and Obsequens report that the Consuls following were C. Cassius Longinus C. Sextius The Sicilian catalogue sheweth Longinus and Calvinus Velleius writeth that the colonie Fabrateria was planted by Cassius and Calvinus Cicero in Brutus speaketh of C. Sextius Calvinus Eutropius declareth for Consuls C. Cassius Longinus and Sextus Domitius Calvinus not without suspition of a fault or errour 631 Q. Cacilius T. Quintius CAssiodorus nominateth for Consuls this yeere Q. Cacilius and T. Quintius The Sicilian records Metellus and Flaminius Eutropius and Orosius Q. Caecilius Metellus and Titus Quintius Flaminius Cicero in his Oration pleading for his house calleth them T. Flaminius and Q. Metellus This Qu. Metellus was the eldest of the foure sons of Macedonicus whome Plutarch in his treatise of the Romanes fortune calleth Q. Metellus Balearicus of the Baleares whom in this magistracie he conquered 632 Cn. Domitius C. Fannius CAssiodorus and Obsequens joine in fellowship of the Consulate this yeere Cn. Domitius and C. Fannius The Sicilian records Aenobarbus and Fannius Cicero writeth of them in his Brutus and Plinie in his second booke and two and thirtieth chapter Three moones qd he appeared when Cn. Domitius and C. Fannius were Coss. which most men called the night-mares 633 L. Opimius Q. Maximus THis yeere had for Consuls Lu. Opimius Q. Maximus as witnesseth Cassiodorus The Sicilian catalogue sheweth Opimius and Maximus But Obsequens L. Opimius and Qu. Fabius Maximus Plinie speaketh of them in his second booke saying About the sunne there appeared an arch or bow when L. Opinius and Q. Fabius were Consuls This Qu. Fabius Maximus is by Cicero in Brutus Florus in his Epitome Velleius in his 2 books and Paedianus upon the Orations against Verres rightly named the nephew of Paulus and son of Fabius Aemylianus And so may Strabo Appian and Plinie bee well reprooved for making him and his father Aemylianus all one The same man as Cicero and Plinie testifie
writeth that Crassus the oratour bare all dignities of magistracie togither with Scaevola the high-priest except the Tribunat of commons and the Censorship also that whiles they two were Consuls Q. Hortensius pleaded the first cause that ever he undertooke at the barre Paedianus upon the oration of Cicero for Cornelius maketh mention of L. Licinius Crassus the Orator and Q. Matius Scevola the arch-bishop an oratour besides and a professed lawier both Consuls togither 660 C. Caelius L. Domitius Cassiodorus and Obsequens declare for this yeeres Consuls C. Caelius and â— Domitius The Sicilian registers Caldus and Aenbarbuâ— In a capitoll fragment they are Caldus and Lu. Domitius sonne of Cn. As for Caldus it is the surname of Caelius For Velleius maketh mention of one Caelius Caldus under Augustus In like manner Cicero in his booke entituled The suing for a Consulship and in his oration for Muraena Also Paedianus upon the Oration for Cornelius Againe Cicero in his Brutus nameth them next before Herrennius 661 C. Valerius Flaccus M. Herennius THere are matched by Cassiodorus and Obsequens for Consuls this yeere C. Valerius Flaccus and Mar. Herennius The Sicilian records Flaccus and Herennius A broken stone of the capitoll hath Flaccus and M. Herennius Plinius in his 29 book and 3 chapter Cicero also in his Oration for Muraena and in Brutus speaketh of them 662 C. Claudius Pulcher. M. Perpenna COnsuls this yeere were C. Claudius Pulcher and M. Perpenna as witnesse Cassiodorus and Obsequens Likewise in a capitoll broken monument and in the Sicilian register it is Pulcher and M. Perpenna Cicero maketh mention of this Claudius as Pretor of Sicilie in the fourth Oration against Verres and as Aedile Curule in his second book of Offices So doth Plinie in his 8 booke 663 L. Martius Sext. Iulius CAssiodorus and Obsequens name for Consuls this yeere L. Martius and Sext. Iulius The Sicilian records Philip and Caesar. Eutropius and Orosius Sex Iulius Caesar and L. Martius Philippus A capitoll fragment Philip and Sex Iulius son of Caius Plinie speaketh of them in his 2 booke 8 chapter also in the 33 booke and 3 chapter In like maner Cic. many times and Valerius 664 L. Iulius Caesar. P. Rutilius Lupus ACcording to Cassiodorus and Obsequens the Consuls this yeere were L. Iulius Caesar and P. Rutilius Lupus And so it is in Paedianus Velleius and the 73 Epitome as also in other authors who have written of the Marsian warre In a fragment of the capitoll they are seene written Caesar and P. Rutilius son of Rusus In the Sicilian records Caesar and Lupus Cicero in his booke of Divination speaketh of them both and in his oration for Plancius he writeth that L. Caesar missing of an Aedileship became a Consull 665 L. Portius Cn. Pompeius CAssiodorus setteth downe for Consuls this yeere L. Portius and Cn. Pompeius Paedianus upon the Oration for Cornelius surnameth Cn. Pompeius Strabo and L. Porcius Cato The capitoll fragment shew no more but Strabo and Cato Appius hath made mention of these Consuls so have Orosius and others that have penned the Marsian warre This Cn. Pompeius was father to that Cn. Pompeius the Great as Appianus witnesseth and Paedian upon the oration against Piso. 666 L. Sylla Q. Pompeius CAssiodorus sheweth for this yeers Consuls L. Sylla and Q. Pompeius and the same is written in Obsequens Velleius Eutropius Orosius Appian Plutarch and others The Sicilian records have Sylla and Rutilus Sylla after his victorie in the civill war would needs have himselfe surnamed Foelix and therefore Paedian and the avouchers of the capitoll monuments in reporting this consulate write thus L. Sulla who afterwards was called Foelix The same man in his second Consulship which appeareth upon record in the capitoll is named the sonne of Lucius and nephew of Publius Moreover of Q. Pompeius Rufus Cicero maketh mention in his Brutus 667 L. Cornelius Cinna Cn. Octavius REported there are by Cassiodorus and the Sicilian registers for Consuls this yeere L. Cinna and Cn. Octavius Appian Velleius and the rest who have recorded the historie of this time name them L. Cornelius Cinna and Cn. Octavius Plutarch writeth that L. Cinna being of the adverse faction to L. Sulla was by him made Consull upon condition that he should not crosse nor stand against the proceeding of the said Lu. Sulla and so soone as hee was entred into place of government hee began to trouble and disquiet the present state of the common-weale yea and intended an action against Sulla by the meanes of Virginius a Tribune of the commons Howbeit Sulla contemning Virginius made an expedition against Mithridates 668 L. Cinna II. C. Marius VII AFter this were Consuls C. Marius the seventh time and L. Cinna the second time according to the records of Sicilie Cassiodorus and those that wrate of the civill war Plutarch saith that Marius was the first man that was seven times Consull of Rome Moreover as it is to be read in Appian and in the Breviaries L. Cinna and C. Marius without any lawfull assembly for Election declared themselves Consuls against this yeere and the very same day that they entred into their magistracie Marius commaunded Sext. Licinius a Senatour to be throwne downe from the rocke Tarpeia who after hee had committed many hainous crimes and outrages ended his daies upon the Ides of Ianuarie in whose roume was subordained Lu. Valerius Flaccus even hee as men think who before-time was colleague to Caius Marius in his sixt Consulship of whome Cicero maketh mention in his oration for his sonne Flaccus 669 L. Cinna III. Cn. Papirius CAssiodorus witnesseth that the Consuls succeeding in this yeere were L. Cinna the third time and Cn. Papirius The Sicilian records have Cinna and Carbo In the 83 Breviarie it is written that Lu. Cinna and Cn. Papirius Carbo for two yeeres togither usurped the Consulate Also in the booke entituled Of famous persons wee read that Cinna made himselfe Consull a second and third time Of these Consuls Plutarch speaketh in Sulla Appian in Mithridatica and in the first booke of civill warres 670 L. Cinna IV. Cn. Papirius II. NExt were Consuls after Cassiodorus and the Epitomist Lu. Cinna the fourth time and Cn. Papirius the second time Cicero in his Tusculane questions mentioneth Cinna foure times Consull so doth Suetonius in Caesar. And of Cn. Papirius Carbo twice Consull the capitoll tables doe yeeld testimonie As for the Sicilian records they put downe for Consull not without suspition of error Carbo and Scribonius 671 L. Scipio C. Norbanus BEsides the Sicilian tables Cassiodorus Obsequens Appius Eutropius Florus and Tacitus in his ninteenth book do witnesse that Lucius Scipio and Caius Norbanus were Consuls In the capitoll fragments it is written Lucius Cornelius sonne of Lucius nephew of L. Scipio Asiaticus 672 C. Marius Cn. Carbo III. I Find in Cassiodorus Appianus Velleius and others the next Consuls to have been C. Marius and Cn. Carbo the third time This C. Marius was
Dio Caesar Augustus the eight time and Statilius Taurus the second time For hee had been Consull first for a part of the yeere anno 727 and now is the second time of whom Suetonius writeth thus in Nero Nero tooke to wife Statilia Messalina daughter in the fourth descent of Taurus one who had beene twise Consull and also triumphant hee writeth also that Augustus entered upon his eight and ninth Consulate at Tarracon 729 C. Caesar Augustus VIII M. Silinus CAssiodorus sheweth for Consuls next Caesar Augustus the eight time and M. Silanus Dio the Sicilian records Augustus the ninth time and M. Silanus A fragment of the capitoll Emperour Caesar Augustus the ninth time and M. Iunius Silanus This yeere Augustus Caesar was called Emperour the eight time and shut up the temple of Ianus the fourth time now that ever it was shut which hee had set open before in regard of certaine warres as Dio reporteth 730 C. Caesar Augustus IX C. Norbanus CAssiodorus putteth downe for this yeeres Consuls Caesar Augustus the ninth time and C. Norbanus The Sicilian registers Augustus the tenth time and Flaccus Dio and a fragment of the capitoll marble Augustus the tenth time and C. Norbanus Flaccus This Norbanus seemeth to be the son of C. Norbanus the Consull anno 716. for he had not the numeral note testifying a second Consulship 731 C. Caesar Augustus X. Cn. Piso. CAssiodorus setteth downe for Consuls Caesar Augustus the tenth time and Cneus Piso. The Sicilian records Augustus the eleventh time and Piso. And Dio Augustus the eleventh i me with Cn. Calpurnius sonne of Cneus Piso. By a fragment of the capitol stone it appeareth the Augustus entered the Consulship the eleventh time together with Aulus Terrentius Varro Muraena also that Muraena died in his magistracie in whose steed was elected Cn. Calpurnius Piso and Augustus went out of his government Of which matter Dio thus writeth Augustus went to the Albane hill and there resigned up the Consulship For whereas both hee himselfe and many others ever since the time that the C. W. was set in frame established had borne the yeerely magistrates he thought that from thence forwards hee was to forbeare the same to the end that the honourable dignitie of Consuls should bee open to as many as might bee And this did he without the citie because hee would not bee hindered and letted in the action and therewith substituted in his place Lucius Sestius a man that of all others most affected and loved Brutus who also wrate of his praises and commendable parts 732 M. Marcellus L. Arruntius THis yeere had for Consuls as saieth Cassiodorus M. Marcellus and L. Arruntius as Dio M. Claudius son of Marcus Marcellus Aeserninus son of Lucius In the Capitoll stone these Consuls are thus set downe L. Arruntius sonne of L. nephew of L. and M. Claudius son of Marcus nephew of M. Whereby it is given to understand that in the Sicilian records the Consuls are not well put downe to be Octavianus the twelfth time Arruntius In this yere the conspiracie of Fannius Caepio and Varro Muraena against Augustus was discovered and the temple of thundering Iupiter was dedicated witnesse Dio. 733 M. Lollius Q. Lepidus THe Colotian stone and Cassiodorus shew for this yeere Consuls Q. Aemilius Lepidus and M. Lollius Dio writeth when Augustus was in Sicilie the people of Rome at the assembly for Consuls election there arose a sedition and commotion For M. Lollius onely entred upon the government by reson that the other place was reserved and kept for Augustus but when he made refusall Q. Lepidus was created Of these Consuls Horace in his first booke of Epistles writeth thus Me quarter undenos sciat implevise Decembres Colleg am Lepidum quo dixit Lollius anno Know he that 40 winters old and foure I was that yeere At Rome when Consull Lallius chose Lepidus his feere 734 M. Appulcius P. Silius AFter Cassiodorus the Consuls that followed for this yeere were M. Appuleius and P. Silius But in Dio M. Appuleius sonne of Sexius and Publius Silius sonne of Publius Nerva In the Sicilian records Appuleius and Nerva 735 C. Sentius Q. Lucretius THe Colotian stone Eusebius in his treatise of Times Dio and Cassiodorus set foorth as Consuls this yeere Caius Sentius sonne of Caius Saturninus and Quintus Lucretius sonne of Quintus Vispillo Of this yeeres Consuls thus writeth Dio. Caius Sentius was declared Consull but for that there was to bee given him a companion and Augustus refused the second place of Consulship reserved for him there arose a sedition until Augustus pronounced Consull Quintus Lucretius one of the embassadours whom the Senate had sent unto him about the appeasing of the foresaid sedition notwithstanding he was a man in times past proscribed and outlawed The same writeth Velleius in the second booke In the broken Colotian stone it is to bee read that the Consull elected in steed of Sentius Saturninus was Mar. Vinucius sonne of Marcus Velleius uno Vinucius adjoineth as Colleague Agrippa In this yeere after the first tenne yeeres were expired for which space Augustus together with Agrippa at the first received the Censorian authoritie and dignitie hee was created a second time by the people over-feere of mens behaviour for the tearme of five yeeres and resumed the Censours power for the same time and the Consulare authoritie for ever So as at all times and in all places hee might have twelve lictours goe before him with their bundels of rods and bee allowed to take his place and sit with the Consuls 736 Cn. Lentulus P. Lentulus PVblius Cornelius sonne of Publius Lentulus Marcellinus and Cn. Cornelius son of Lucius are set downe for Consuls by the Colotian stone table by Dio also and Cassiodorus In this yeere Marcus Agrippa by the motion and authoritie of the Emperour Caesar Augustus obteined of the Senate and people of Rome the Tribunitian power for five yeeres 737 C. Furnius C. Silanus THere succeeded Consuls next according to Cassiodorus C. Furnius C. Silanius After Dio C. Furnius sonne of C and C. Iunius sonne of Caius Silanus But in the Colotian fragment C. Furnius sonne of Caius and C. Iunius Whiles C. Furnius and C. Iulius Silanus were Consuls the solemn plaies called Seculares were now the fift time set out by Augustus as Censorinus and Dio affirme 738 L. Domitius P. Scipio CAssiodore nameth for Consuls Lucius Domitius and P. Scipio The Sicilian records AEnobarbus and Cornelius Dio L. Domitius son of Lucius nephew of Lucius Aenobarbus and P. Cornelius son of P. nephew of Publius Scipio In like manner the Colotian table wherein it standeth that for P. Cornelius there was substituted L. Ta. i. Tarius of whom Plinie in his eighteenth booke and seventh chapter writeth thus L. Tarius Rufus a man most base for his parentage deserved a Consulate under Augustus Caesar of happie memorie onely for his militarie service In this Consuls yeere was
unfrequented so now it is inhabited on every side in so much as there remaineth no marke and token at all where Lupercal was How beit the greater part of writers affirme that it was in that quarter of the citie where at this day S. Theodors church is seene For to this place upon a time the Tybre overflowing made a creeke thither and hard by it was where the two infants were cast foorth In the Lupercal therefore certaine authors confidently avouch that Romulus and Remus were laid to perish and so carried by water to the place called afterwards Ruminalis were under a fig-tree there nourished by a shee woolfe This woolfe haunted and kept in the denne called Lupercal and from thence ranne to the banke side under the figge-tree Ruminalis for to suckle the said babes and so gave the name unto the cave to be called Lupercal as it were the lurking hole and denne of the woolfe There be againe that would have Evander to give the name to the same hollow cave for he as is before declared was decended from Arcadia where the people after most auncient rites and ceremonies doe right devoutly worship Pan the god of heardmen Vnto whom also a mountaine in Arcadia to him dedicated was called Lycaeus for that he keepeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. wolves from the sheepe and preserveth the flockes and heards This Evander therefore comming upon a time into Italie and resting in these parts consecrated both this grove and cave to Pan and according to the manner of his countrey there honoured him In the said cave therefore reared was an altar and a goat thereupon sacrificed unto him as to the god and preserver of the flockes and seeing that he chaseth wolves from them therefore the place where in he was worshipped tooke the name Lupercall Now the feast Lupercalia was by Romulus and Remus instituted For they having obtained of Numitor a plot of ground to build them a citie on in that very place where they had been cast forth called all their companions to a feast and merrie meeting where after they had killed sacrifices and refreshed themselves with meat and withall taken their wine liberally to the full they grew to disport and in that merie fit clad themselves in the skins of the goats which they had sacrificed and then fell to hopping and dauncing full jocundly Hereupon their posteritie celebrating the memoriall thereof held a festivall solemnitie called Lupercalia which retained the name of the place where first they began Hereof see more in Valerius Maximus Servius and Plutarch in the life of Antonius As for the fig-tree Ruminalis it was so cleaped of the river Tyber called at the first Rumon Some would have it take the name of Romulus Others of the milke given to the said infants for that part of the throat which draweth milke is called Ruma in Latine This place was over against the house of the two lords Cosinus and Damianus on the side of the mount Palatine opposit against the grand race or shew-place called Circus Maximus Romulus and Remus thus laid foorth about Lupercall and carried by the water to this place were fostered for a while under the figtree Ruminalis in the place where the Comitium after was The tokens of this tree remained unto the time of Augustus Caesar as Ovid testifieth CHAP. XIIII Of the New way the streets Ingarius and Tuscane THe street called the New way overagainst the temple of Iupiter Stator goeth along the valey betweene the Capitoll hill and the Palatine and reacheth to the Forum Romanum This howsoever it be called New was well known to be most auncient and is different from that which Caracalla repaired under his baines The street Iugarius otherwise called Thurarius leadeth from the gate Carmentalis along the foot of the Capitoll hill to the Forum Romanum In it was the altar of Iuno Iuga who was thought to make mariages and to couple folke in matrimonies and she it was that gave the name to Vicus Iurius Vicus Thuscus beginneth at the Forum and along the foot of the Palatine sheweth the way to Velabrum The reason of the name is this The Tuscanes upon a time fighting against the Aricians were by them overcome and after many thousands of them slaine in battell the rest being few in number fled to Rome who taking delight in the pleasant seat of the citie and the commodiousnesse of the place determined there to remain VVherupon having a plot of foure stadia granted them by the Senat between the Capitoll and Palatine they inhabited the same Hereupon the street was called by them Thuscus Vicus and many a hundred yeer after retained that name In it afterwards there kept bawds and such kind of people whereupon it grew out of credite and lost also the first name CHAP. XV. The Arches of Romulus the Senaculum and the dwelling house of Ovid. THe old arches which some thinke Romulus erected continued a long time built of bricke neither would the Romanes suffer that any man should make them of marble to the end that the memoriall of their citie founder should remaine more firmely in the minds of men But in continuance of time long after they decaied and fell downe in that very place where now is the church of Saint Marie of Grace and were never afterwards reedified The Romanes named that place Senaculum betweene the Capitoll and the Forum wherein the Senate kept a consistorie for counsell and consultation That Ovids mansion house stood under the Capitoll himselfe witnesseth even where as now the church is of S. Marie of Consolation Thus much of the buildings of the Capitoll and the valley to it Now followeth the mount Palatine THE THIRD BOOKE CHAP. I. The divers etymologies of Palatine ALbeit the hill Palatine were a long time inhabited before the cittie was built and namely first by Valentia the daughter of Italus then by Evander who also therein set up a castle whome there succeeded after the cittie was founded KK and Emperors insomuch as scarcely any one place of Rome is more renowmed by writing than this hill yet the certein reason of the name why it should be so called which a man may be bold to follow can hardly be set downe Some would have it so called because the Arcadians wandering with Evander disorderly and the Palatines out of the Rheatine territorie called likewise Palatium came to that mount and it inhabited others of Palas the great grandfather of Evander-Livie thought that of Palanteum a citie of Arcadia it was first called Palantium and afterward Palatine There are besides who of Palatia the wife of Latinus fetch the originall of the denomination or of Palath◠the daughter of Hyperboreus who bare Latinus unto Hercules and inhabited this mountaine or of Palantia the daughter of Evander who there was buried or of Palas who was himselfe interred in it Some there are also who of the bleating of sheepe which pastured there in times past before
without them are heat with a stuph appointed either to wash and bath or to sweat by the Greeke name Thermae That the Romans used in old to bath wash themselves oftener than we now adaies is testified by many and divers authorities of writers and for sundrie causes they were wont so to doe as yet the manner is amongst us namely to scoure away sweat or to wash dust off in like sort for health pleasure wherby it came to passe that every man if he were but of mean wealth had in manner a privat bath or hot house by himselfe but the same were devised and contrived after diverse and sundry sorts For many publick baths there were ordained for the cōmon people to use at their pleasure Serv. Orata invented first and made the pendant or hanging baths But after that roiot superfluitie abounded in excesse the bathing houses were built with wonderfull cost and magnificence so as they seemed to keepe no meane nor measure as appeareth by the very reliques and ruines therof at this day And those places where they built these baines and hote houses they called Thermae which contained within them divers places and an infinit number of roumes bearing sundrie names and serving to as many uses For some were appointed to heat water those were round built from whence hote water was let into the baines not to them only that were on the ground beneath but also to those which were pendant and hanging aloft which water after they had done washing being foule and good for nothing was conveighed by certaine pipes and spouts into sinkes They had other roumes also called Apodyteria wherein they that were to goe into the bath put off their cloths and laid them by In the same places were court-yards having about them most spatious porches or cloisters built with arched and embowed roufes most stately wherein were marble pillers garnished with divers and sundry colours In like manner pavements of stone and walls seeled and hung with marble tables Also close walking galleries groves and swimming places all for the pleasure and contentment of the people where they might refresh and sollace themselves These delights so drew and allured mens minds as that they would wash oftentimes in one day yea and in these bains the princes were wont to sup and bath with other persons whosoever as it fell out They had besides private bathes to themselves most sumptuously built and gorgiously set out And namely Antoninus Cavacalla at his owne charges edified certaine baths which by his name were called Thermae Antoninae The huge ruines therof are yet to bee seene some of the pillers still stand others are throwne down Some say they were begun only by Antoninus but finished adorned by Severus They stood about the foot of the Aventine neer the streetway leading to Ardea where now is the church of S. Balbina Vnder these baths ther stood a most goodly palace built by the same Antoninus but at this day there is scarce any example or shew thereof THE FIFTH BOOKE CHAP. I. The aetymologie of the mount Aventine THe Aventine is of the Romane hils the fourth in order The compasse and forme whereof because wee have alreadie described in the first booke needlesse here it is to repeat But it remaineth to declare how it came so called what temples of the gods and what other edifices be therein The Aventine therfore some think tooke the name of birds which were wont to flie unto this hill there to nestle others of a king of the Albanes slaine and buried there There bee againe who suppose that the Sabines who being by the Romans enfranchised citizens there settled and made abode gave the name to this hill of Avantes a river in their province Varro affirmeth that it was so called of a ferriage For as it hath been said a little before this mount was divided from the rest and from the citie by certaine lakes and the Tyber whereupon they that would goe to it used to ferrie over in small punts or whirries Some guesse that it came to have that name of resort unto it for that the Latines used in great frequencie to repaire unto the holie temple of Diana there Remurius also it was named of Remus who chose a place in the top thereof to sit for to take the flight of birds for Augurie and in the end was there enterred Romulus therfore commaunded that it should not be inhabited because hee would have had it wholly consecrated to his brother This hill Ancus Martius afterward compassed with a wall and granted leave to as many as would there to dwel howsoever there be some that thinke it stood void untill the time of Claudius the emperour of happie memorie as being an ominous place and unfortunat by reason of foule birds that haunted it and therefore not to bee received within the walls But the truth is when the Romanes grew populous they joined this mountaine also to the rest of the citie CHAP. II. The temples of Diana Dea bona Hercules Victor queene Iuno Moneta Luna Victorie Minerva and Libertie The altar of Iupiter Elicius IN the top of mount Aventine toward the Tyber there standeth the church of S. Sabina that very place where aforetime was the holy chappell of Diana The feast and holiday of bondslaves was wont to bee kept at Rome the thirteenth day of August for upon that day Servius Tullius whose mother was a bond-woman consecrated a temple to Diana in Aventine and ordained it to be a feastivall day for bondservants as who were patronised by Diana Some think that this chappell was built by K. Ancus of that mony which the citizens conferred and contributed who lately had been translated thither from Politorium This temple was common unto all the Latines whereupon oftentimes they resorted thereunto Very neere unto that place stood the church of Saint Marie called Aventina But in times past the place was consecrated to the goddesse Bona i. good For Claudia a vestall virgine or Nun built a chappell pell unto her in the honour of Fatua sister of Faunus a most chast maid Vpon the same banke and brow of the hill where at this day S. Alexius church standeth was sometime time the temple of Hercules Conquerour And neere unto it another of Iuno Regina built by Camillus with the pillage gotten in Veij In the ruinate place of Decius the emperours baines there was a temple also of Hercules where the Christians afterwards consecrated a church to Saint Prisca On the side of the Aventine hill stood the chappell likewise of the Moone as Ovid dooth witnesse Thus much of those buildings in the Aventine which had a certain place thereupon in our knowledge the rest following were doubtlesse in the Aventine but in what part there of they stood it is unknowne after so long time and namely the temple of Victorie built by the Arcadians and in honor of whom they offer sacrifice yeerely Minerva and