of the Skull here is often a collection of excrements and a filthy putrifaction and sometimes callous matter and stones found in a Dissection the fourth of the greater Cavities is shorter passing between the Cerebrum and Cerebellum two Branches being first produced it is partly bestowed upon the callous Body and partly enters in two parts the foremost Ventricles of the Brain making a portion of the plexure called Chorois Where there is a concourse and community of these Cavities there that Funnel called Herophilianum is constituted The Dura Mater is firmly joyned to the Sutures of the Skul especially to the Os Sphenois at other places it is at distance both from the Skull and the Pia Mater as the increase and decrease of the Brain requires The other Membrane for the diversity of its habit is called Tenuis Meninx and Pia Mater It is a very thin and soft Membrane not only wrapping the Brain round but also enrowling the turnings of many Veins and Arteries which accompany it which may be easily separated from it The word Brain comprehends both that properly called so and also the Cerebellum it is made of a cleer substance of the Seed and makes the animal Spirit by which the Soul which is the Governess of the Body performs both Sence internal and external and also voluntary motion therefore in living Bodies it is swelled with gentle heat and Spirit in dead Bodies being dissected in thin slices it shines like Alablaster The Ancients thought the Brain was clouded or obscured by Melancholly or vapors drawn up thither Hippocrates rightly conceived that wounds passing deeply into its Cavities were mortal and yet here is a huge difference either by reason of different properties in Nature or the ambient air for light offences either of the Skull or Meninges kill some presently and others whose Brain it self is wounded escape yea although some part of it be taken away and separated by reason of putrifaction also the wound growing together the leaden Instruments used in the cure remain many yeers fixed in the Brain and Meninges The Brain receives Veins on each side from the internal branches of the Jugulars and small passages from the Cavities of the Dura Mater carrying Blood It hath Arteries from the Carotides and those which rise up by the Vertebrae which have but a single Tunicle like the Veins the substance of the Brain hath no Nerve at all and therefore 't is void of sence although it give original to all the Nerves It s largeness in Man is famous and it increaseth and decreaseth as the Moon doth it is divided into the right part and the left by the Hook-like Process of the Dura Mater it hath diverse Cavities which we shall lay open in the particular dissection it hath an evident heat although compared with the other Bowels which are hotter it may be accounted cold and moist also it is made moist by accident seing the vapors sent unto it from the Breast and Stomach are turned into water from whence flowing to the inferior parts if it have not power to resolve them it brings sickness in the small Guts It is garnished with many circulations like the River Meander above it is round like a Sphere and therefore Pliny calls it the Heaven of Man because in figure it imitates the most Sacred and Noble part of the World It is seated by the most wise God within the strong defence of the Skull and the Dura Mater The Brain is moved like the Arteries not so much by any inherent vertue of its own as by vertue communicated by the Heart The Cerebellum is another part of the Brain produced of the same substance with its self and endewed with the same Vessels although fewer in number it is nothing neer so big as the Brain and must yeild to it in roundness but it consists of more Lamens it is hid within the large Cavities of the hinder part of the Head and its office is consecrated to the MEMORY These things thus premised we come now to the Method of Dissection wherein the distinctions of the substances of the Brain are to be viewed as also the callous Body the two foremost Ventricles the Speculum Lucidum the Fornix the Plexus Choroides the third Ventricle and beside that the Eminences in the fore and hinder part of it then the Brain being deduced to the sides and the shorter Process of the Dura Mater being draw away the Nerves of smelling The first second third fourth and fifth Conjugation of Nerves the Infundibulum and Glandula Pituitaria are to be observed then the Brain and Cerebellum being turned to the right side the Rete Mirabile the Process and Cavity of the Cerebellum which is called the fourth Ventricle and the beginning of the Marrow of the Back comes to view The substance of the Brain is double the external which is softer and of a more ashy or yellow colour and the internal which is more sollid and white this they compare to the Marrow the other to the Bark The Corpus Callosusn or Callous Body is a hard portion of the Brain conspicuous between its foremost division under the sides of which the two foremost Ventricles lies These Ventricles are the largest Cavities of the Brain compassed with a thin skin and by their bowing exceed in length its Marrowy substance on the upper part from a broad and blunt beginning it grows something sharp towards the third Ventricle or common Cavity from hence on the backward parts they grow roundish again downwards towards the Basis of the Brain and being bowed like a hook toward their first beginning they are attenuated and end neer the original of the Optick Nerves They are divided into the right and left Ventricle a thin partition passing between them and the substance of the Brain which being withdrawn and held against the light is transparent and therefore called Speculum Lucidum To this is joyned above the Fornix or vault being a callous substance of the Brain it obtained this name because like the vault of a House it sustains the waight of the Brain which else would fall down into the Cavities It is underpropped with three legs of which two are stretched out downwards towards the Basis of the Brain and embracing the root of the Marrow of the Back neer the sides which a singular prominence being neer with a crooked vally they design the inferior Cavity of the foremost Ventricle on each side Arantius gave the name of Hippocampus or Sea-horse and Silk-worm to them the third leg of the vault is stretched forward over the common Cavity of the said Ventricles Besides in the foremost Ventricles is obvious the Plexus Choroides made of a subtil Membrane and very small Glandulae and smal branches of vessels variously infolded both from the fourth Cavity and the branches of the Carotis and Vertebral Arteries That neat and wonderful distribution is seen by the lower Cavity of the Ventricles in which even as
THE ANATOMY OF THE Body of Man Wherein is exactly described every Part thereof in the same Manner as it is Commonly shewed in Publick Anatomies And for the further help of yong Physitians and Chyrurgions there is added very many Copper Cuts far larger than is printed in any Book written in the English Tongue Also Explanations of every particular expressed in the Copper Plates Published in Latin By Joh. Veslingus Reader of the Publick Anatomy in the most Famous University of Padua And Englished By Nich. Culpeper Gent. Student in Physick and Astrology living in Spittle-fields neer London LONDON Printed by Peter Cole in Leaden-Hall and are to be sold at his Shop at the sign of the Printing-Press in Cornhil neer the Royal Exchange 1653. TO HIS WORTHY FRIEND Samuel Hyland Esquire Nich. Culpeper wisheth encrease of Grace in this World and a Crown of Glory in that to come Worthy Sir IT might seem a strange Speech had it not had a private interpretation that of Tirestas the Prophet quoted by the Poet who answered Liriope enquiring of him Whether her son Narcissus should be long lived or not he replied He should if he knew not himself an answer as strange as it was obscure for that Learned and wise Greek held That the knowledg of a mans self was the first step to vertue and sad experience witnesseth that many in our daies have been ruinated for lack of it but unhappy Narcissus if the Poets say true fell inammored on his own beauty and so perished If it made any thing at all to my present purpose I could quote you what many other Histories say of him however the Moral of it if rightly considered may give a check to such who pursuing after shadows lose the substance As for the Speech of Tiresias if it be taken in a general acceptance it will be found as false as what is falsest the knowledg of a mans self being of all Natural knowledg the most profound and most to be desired for he that knows himself aright cannot but know all the world because he is an Epitome of it Knowledg was that which Solomon desired when God gave him all the world to chuse in and bad him ask what he would have and he would give it him as you may reade 1 Kings 3. he said Lord give thy servant an understanding heart that he may judg between good and bad And the speech pleased the Lord that Solomon had asked this thing And God said unto him because thou hast asked this thing and hast not asked for thy self long life neither hast asked riches for thy self neither hast asked the life of thy enemies but hast asked for thy self Knowledg to discern judgment Behold I have done according to thy word Lo I have given thee a wise and understanding heart so that there was none like thee before thee neither after thee shall any arise like unto thee And also I have given thee that which thou hast not asked both riches and honor It seems God rewards those with transitory things which seek knowledg of him in the first place and if so how will he reward those that labor what they can with might and main to hide knowledg from their Brethren and fellow Creatures Indeed those that are used to behold and view the Nature and Reasons of things may easily perceive not only by the inward Gifts and Endowments of mans Mind but also by the outward Shape of his Body far passing and surpassing all other living Creatures that he was made for some notable end and purpose above them This the Poets themselves could and did discover Pronaque cum spectent animalia caetera terram Os homini sublime dedit Coelumque videri Jussit erectos ad sidera tollere vultus And whereas others see with down-cast eyes He with a lofty look did man indue And bad him Heavens transcendent glory view It was a most Divine Speech of the Poet indeed Man was made with an erected face to admire at the glory of the Creator a man shall seldom hear a truer word in the Pulpit so that it is palpable that man was not made for Pleasure nor Honor nor enough of needful outward things which they commonly call Riches which the men of this Iron Age look after in the first place though they be indeed the last and lowest part of the world they are necessary servants to a man and as servants they are to be used and whosoever is respected in this world for his riches sake he is respected for his servants sake and not for his own and indeed neither the Phylosophers of Old nor yet the Men of our Daies could ever make a true definition what Riches was or at leastwise such an one as could please me Aristotle held Riches to be enough of things needful but if that be true then a Beast is as rich as a Saint The Stoick Phylosophers held riches to consist in having enough Earth and Air but if that be true how should a man do for Victuals this present world holds riches to be enough of Gold and Silver but what one of their enoughs is I know not nor I am confident themselves neither Crescit amor mummi quantum ipsa pecunia crescit the event doth prove As Riches doth encrease so doth its love The more Riches men have the more they desire and they never know when they have enough for if a covetous man had as many Needles as Pauls would hold and as many Bags of Gold as all those needles would last stitching they would never be contented besides if riches consist barely in the enjoyment of money then that man which Pliny when Hannibal besieged Casiline and there was a sore famine in the Town quotes would be accounted a very rich man who sold a mouse for two hundred pence one day and died himself for lack of food the next But worthy Sir It is not Riches I treat of in this Book but Knowledg and particularly the knowledg of a mans Body I will not stand here to prove how much the exact knowledg of the Body conduceth to the mending or marring of the internal Faculties or Endowments of the mind for that were but to trouble you in the midst of your business amongst your many Imployments both private at home and publick abroad for the good of this Nation the last of which hath made your Name precious in the eyes of all honest people neither shall I spend time in making an Apology why I appear in print in this Nature wherein I have so many Predecessors in the English Tongue the reason is clear Some of them are too large others too short none of them have the Demensions of Mans Body so exactly cut in Copper as you shall find them in this Book wherein as in a looking Glass you may see man turned the wrong side outwards and all his internal parts laid open to you view whereby your spirit may be even ravished in the
consideration of the Wisdom and Power of that God who hath made man in such an absolute form so accurate in all his delineaments if such be the Creature what is the Creator Lastly Let me crave pardon and I hope I shall not be denied it in presuming to stamp your Name in the beginning of it Truly your reallity to the good of this Nation was such and so still continues even in that crooked and perverse Generation in which we live that I knew no other way how to shew forth a thankful mind to you than by doing as I have done If it be accounted a fault let it be venial and let an honest intent find sooner entertainment with you than a hare-brain'd action The God of heaven and earth bless you with the Blessings both of this Life and that to come that you may go on in the good work as hitherto you have done even till such time as it pleaseth him to let us enjoy one desired Liberty Sir I am Yours unfainedly NICH. CULPEPER TO THE READER Courteous Reader IT is no hard matter for one that hath been trained up in the School of Xermes and is any thing skilled at all in the Egyptian Learning Xermetical Phylosophy being far more ancient than Galens Method I say it is no hard matter for one that hath been trained up in that Learning to prove that the life of all things is all one with it self in all persons and that the difference between sick persons and healthful wise persons and fools vertuous persons and vicious if you will take vertue and vice in a Phylosophical sence lies in the temper of their Bodies neither is it any smal step to the knowledg of the temper of a mans Body to know the exact deliniaments thereof in an Anatomical way a man must know in what part of the Body a Disease lies and the place and quality of that place also before he knows how to remedy it if Galen's Art be true and I would willingly teach Galenists if I thought they were not too proud to learn I would fain teach fools wisdom if they were but willing to learn for why may there not be a way left in Nature to bring ignorant people to knowledg as there is to bring mad people to a sober life which the vulgar commonly call Rational That Madness is a Disease of the Body all know neither is it unknown but to few that Folly is a Disease of the Mind and yet it is Epidemical at this time the more is the pity it were easily proved if a man would go about it That it is the Body afflicts the Mind for it is absolutely impossible the Mind should afflict the Body the Mind being Aetherial Immortal and no way subject to corruption I care not greatly if I spend a little time and pains in clearing this to you so far as will serve the turn to shew the truth of it and not to exceed the limits of an Epistle The Divine and Immortal Mind proper to man is wise and alike wise in all men being one and the same in all points in all men and this is easily proved because God from whence it comes is one and the same the difference then is when it is divided and sent into different places It was excellently spoken of that Noble Polonian saith he If you lay diverse Colors round upon a Table at a distance one from another imagine White lay here and Green there and Red there Blue there Salt in another place Allum in another now if you take a pot of fair clear Water and powr down in the midst of them that which runs through the red Color will be red and that which runs through the blue Color will be blue and that which runs through the Salt will be salt and that which runs through the Allum will be Allumy c. and yet the water which is powred down amongst them is one and the same Take another familiar Example or two for things are better cleared by Examples than they are by themselves There are innumerable kinds of Lights in the world that differ in form and bigness according to the matter that receives them there are some great fires and some little ones some burn cleer and some are smoky there are some great Candles and some smal ones and some Torches and yet the Sun from whence all these receive their light is of it self all one and the same in all places Take another Example which shall bring the matter a little closer home to the point As the Sun of himself ever shineth and seeth all things unless his beams be stopped by a cloud or some other thick matter even so the Mind of Man considered alone by it self knoweth all things but being entangled in the Body and darkned by its cloudiness and infirmities it can see nothing without the leave and help of the Body this course then the Mind is fain to take considering her self she cannot step forth out of the Body nor range abroad to discern the Idea's of things as they are in themselves She is fain to take the demonstrations of things as she can receive them from the Body though they be in never so poor and deceitful a way 1. She is forced to imploy the outward Spirits that keep their residence in the edg and border of the Body I mean the five Sences Seeing Hearing Smelling Tasting and Feeling neither can these operate without their proper Instruments viz. The parts of the body where they lodg viz. Seeing cannot see without the Eye nor Hearing hear without the Ear. 2. These bring in tidings to the Mind viz. The Shews Shapes and Idea's of things yet cannot the Mind of man understand these without an Interpreter therefore are there inward Beams or Sences which lodg in the Brain three of them by Number which take these tidings from the external sences and represent them as it were in a glass to the Mind to wit Apprehension Memory and Judgment then the mind laying them altogether and comparing one with another judges of them which is good and which is bad which is fit and which is not fit to be done Now if these Messengers of the Mind or the places of the Body where they lodg be foul or gross or thick they give either dull or false information to the Mind a Looking-glass if it be so corrupted will do the like to the face of the Body Thus I think it sufficiently proved that the afflictions of the Mind have their Original from the Body And besides I have taught you a little Phylosophy though it belonged nothing at all to my present purpose I hope you see by this time how beneficial the knowledg of the Anatomy of a Mans Body is to the rectification of the Endowments of his Mind indeed to his well-being both in this world and that to come if he mind vertue here and intend to inherit happiness hereafter How requisite it is to the Cure of
left internal Branch of the sixt pair even as the right makes up part of the plexure we spake of before from which it is carried to the left Region of the Mesenterium the Spleen and left Kidney That part which avoids this plexure is sent to the os Sacrum the bottom of the Womb and the left part of the Bladder From this admirable pair of Nerves we return now to the Stomach the structure of which in Man is single and the bigness mean It is manifold in Beasts because their meats are harder in digestion It is distinguished into the bottom or Cavity and the two Orifices of which that which is uppermost and on the left side our Ancesters propperly named the Stomach It is garnished with many Fibrae and Nerves circuled in an Orb It is great and thick and the seat of Natural appetite The inferior Orifice whichis on the right side the Ancients called Pylorus or Janitor for by this the meat digested passeth to the next Guts as by a gate the heat of the Bowels round about the Stomach quallify its cold and dry Temperature the Stomach is in form like the Bag of a pair of Bag-pipes it is placed by the Wisdome of God in the left Hypochondrium under the Diaphragma The right part is committed to the Liver the left to the Spleen below it is cherished by the Omentum and underneath it lies upon the Sweet-bread as it were upon a Pillow The superior Orifice passeth to the Throat or Gula about the eleventh or twelfth Vertebrae of the Breast the right or inferior Orifice passeth down to the Gut called Duodenum and in this middle space of the Hypochondria in which that Cartilage of the Breast called Mucronata is a little bowed inwards make a Cavity of the Breast outwards which the vulgar Latins call Foveam cordis and we the pit of the Stomach In this place we often feel pains in the stomach which we falsly impute to the upper Orifice thereof when indeed they arise either from sharp or corrupt Food or excrements sticking about the narrow passages of the Pylorus or sent up from the Gall thither The various affections of the Sweet-bread being neer to the Pylorus ad no small part to this trouble as also the faults of the Cartilage called Mucronata whether it turn its poynt inwards or outwards Now will we give this breife description of the Gula which is also called Osaphagus although it might more fitly be described with the Aspera Arteria and the Lungues Yet we will not separate those parts in word which Nature hath joyned together in deed It is the channel by which both meat and drink descends to the Stomach It is composed of just as many Membranes as the Stomach is About its beginning it is moved by three pairs of Muscles and the Sphincter which causeth the deglution or gulping in swallowing The first pair is called Cephalopharigigaeus sent from the confines of the Head and Neck and is stretched abroad in the Tunicle of the Pharingaeus The second pair is called Sphenopharingaeus which inclining downwards is extended in the sides of the Oesophagus the third pair is called Stylopharingaeus it takes its beginning from the appendix called Styliforme from whence descending with a fleshy and round Body it ends in the sides of the Gula Of these the first pair lifts up the other dilate the Oesophagus the Sphincter of the Throat arising from both sides of the buckler like Cartilage and opening transversly by the back part of the Throat by stopping the Gula drives the meat downwards It hath veins and Arteries in the upper part from the jugular veins and Arteries and from the internal Arteries called Carotides Nerves from the external branches of the sixt pair in the Breast it hath Veins from the Branch without a fellow Arteries from the intercostals Nerves as before about the Stomach it hath the same that it hath at its upper Orifice It hath many Glandulae which administer moisture to its membranes for the easier swallowing of which the superiour are posited at the sides of the tongue and Larynx the inferior which are many stick in the breast to the branches of the Aspera Arteria The Oesophagus takes its beginning from the extremity of the Jaws where it is joyned to the Larinx descending streight down to the Breast first towards the right side then towards the left It pierceth the Diaphragma about the eleventh Vertebrae of the back and so is united to the superior Orifice of the Stomach As the Stomach is joyned to the Gula so are the Guts to the Pylorus they are ordained to take away the burden from the Stomach to gather together and cast out the excrements they are covered with a Membranous substance like the Stomach they have a common tunicle largly ore-spread with the fat of the Mesenterium for the better conversation of their heat their propper Tunicle is double intertexed with diverse strings which give not only the greater strength but also the readier motion of the propper Tunicles the middle most is most fleshy the inner more Nervous slippery and filled with wrinkles both for their safegard and the better to embrace what they have to embrace The Guts have very many Veins from the right Mesenterical branch of the Vena porta and also from the left they have Arteries from the upper and lower Mesentericals they have Nerves from the sixt pair derived from the Mesenterical plexure to these come abundance of small passages for the Distribution of Chyle which in this age Assellius was the first that brought to publique view Of which more when we come to the Sweet-bread The length of the Guts exceed the length of the Body of Man diverse times and lye in many foldings that so they may keep what they receive the longer their Temperature is cold and dry which is asswaged both by the vital Spirit and the Fat Their form is round that so they may the better admit the Chile and cast out the excrements they are underpropped by the Bones which are gently knit to the Abdomen but more especially by the Membranous ties of the Mesenterium They are divided according to their Tunicles into thin and thick The first of the thin Guts Herophilus calls Duodenum because 't is the breadth of twelve Fingers this admits a pore from the Gall by which sharp humors it is provoked to expell the Excrements it is of a great largenesse that so it may unite the large Stomach to the smaller Guts Neither yet if the name please your fancy are you to begin your Mensuration at the Pylorus but to determine it at twelve Fingers breadth that so you may avoid two errors First That you give not part of the Janitor to this Gut Secondly That you be not led by that foolish conceit that mens Bodies were formerly bigger than they are now which the Sepulchres of those Kings and Priests in Palestina those in the Pyramides in Egypt and
them to the Spermatick vessels We come now to the Vasa deferentia which are turned toward the back-side of the Bladder afterwards by degrees dilated into certain Bladders in which the Seed being perfected is kept they cast out the Seed into the Vrethra by a special passage The ejaculating vessels are the last of the Spermaticks which are called Prostatae Glandulosi they are two fleshy hard and firmly joyned bodies compassed about with a strong Membrane it is in bigness almost as big as a Walnut and not unlike it in form one side of it joyns to the Capsulae from which it receives the Seed the other side is joyned to the Neck of the Bladder by many and smal passages and when the Seed is troublesome either by reason of its quantity or quallity it casteth it out into the Vrethra The Yard was principally ordained that it might cast seed into the bottom of the Womb it consists of a skin and a fleshy Membrane without any the least fat least its motion should be retarded and the sence of pleasure in the act of copulation taken away by moisture It is properly made of two Nervous bodies with the Vrethra or vessels through which the urine passeth and the Glans its body is long thick and of a soft substance as though it were filled with Marrow It hath a numerous company of Veins and Arteries that so it might be furnished with heat and Spirit It is moved by two Muscles and they are very short but thick and strong deduced from the Nervous beginning of the Coxendix The beginning of the Bodies is from the inferior end of the Coxendix in the beginning they are disjoyned afterwards in their progresse joyned by inclosure and stretched to the Glans of the Yard Under these is the Vrethra or channel which is the passage both of urine and seed it is composed of two Membranes of which the internal is thin and exquisite in Sence which causeth both pleasure and pain the external is thick endewed with transverse Fibrae both for motion and strength sake the Vrethra hath two Muscles pretty long yet slender their original is from the Sphincter of the right Gut they terminate about the middle of the channel and dilate it the readier to expel the seed In the beginning of the Vrethra is a fleshy shutter which shuts the Orifices of the Capsulae this being either broken by unadvised putting a Cattheter into the Bladder or else gnawn asunder by sharpness of excrements causeth an uncurable Gonorrhaea or running of the Reins Famous vessels are communicated to the Yard Veins and Arteries from the Hypogastricks and Pudendae whereof the one is distributed by the external Skin the other by its Nervous Bodies to these is added a double pair of Nerves from the os Sacrum of which the one is distributed to the Skin the other to the inner part of the Yard The extremity of the Yard is called the Glans of a fleshy soft and Spongy substance it is covered with a thin Membrane that so it might be the softer to feeling and the more exquisite in Sence A great part of it is covered with the common coverings of the Body which is called Preputium or the fore-skin which is tied to the under-part of it by the Bridle this fore-skin grows immoderately in young Children in Egypt and Arabia that either for Religion sake or fear of other disadvantages that might thence ensue they cut it off such as devote themselves to Chastity hang a Ring in that part which remains Place here the Table of the sixt Chapter which hath the Number 6. at the corner of the brass Plate AN EXPLICATION OF THE TABLE OF THE SIXT CHAPTER This Table shews the Spermatick Vessels the Testicles the Membranes of the Scrotum the Yard the Reins and Bladder FIG I. A The right Glandula renalis B The left Glandula renalis CC The Reins on each side D The left emulgent Vein E The right emulgent Vein FF The right and left emulgent Arteries G The right Spermatical Vein HH The trunk of the Vena Cava descending I The left Iliack branch of the Vena Cava K The right Iliack branch L The right Spermatical Artery MM The trunk of the great artery descending N The right Iliack branch of the great Artery O The left Iliack branch of the same P The left Spermatical artery Q The left Spermatical vein RR The left Ureter SS The right Ureter TT The Vessels preparing the Seed tt The same Vessels in what place the Pampiniformia begin VV The Vasa deferentia passing behind the Bladder XX The Scrotum with the Testicles in it Y The Bladder Z The neck of the Bladder aa The two Muscles erecting the Yard bb The two Muscles dilating the Urethra c The Body of the Yard d The Praeputium FIG II. AA The skin of the Scrotum separated BBB The Membrane called Dartus CC The external part of the membrane Elytroides DD The Cremaster arising under the transverse Muscles of the Abdomen EE The internal or membranous part of the Elytroides FF The proper white tunicle of the testicle separated f The same joyned to the testicle G The Glandulous substance of the testicle H The Vessel called Pampiniforme or Pyramidale II Epididymis K The Parastate FIG III. oe A portion for the preparing Vessels AA The Pyramidal Vessels BB Epididymis CCC Parastates D The testicle covered with its proper Membrane E A portion of the Vasa deferentia FIG IV. AA The contexture of the veins and arteries in the Pyramidal Vessel BB Epydidymis CC Parastate DD A portion of the Vasa deferentia FIG V. A The Bladder laid bare from its outward tunicle BB A portion of the Ureters CC A portion of the Vasa deferentia DD The Capsulae dd The end of the Capsulae EE The Seminal Bladders FF The Glandulae Prostatae GG The Urethra HH The Muscles which erect the Yard II The Muscles which dilate the Urethra KK The two Nervous bodies of the Yard L The Preputium drawn back M The Glans with its Bridle FIG VI. A The internal tunicle of the Bladder being open BB Part of the Vreters CC The Orifice of the Ureters as they are diducted into the Bladder DD The beginning of the Capsulae EE The Seminal Bladders GG The Glandulae Prostatae divided L The hole in the Capsulae passing into the beginning of the Urethra which is covered with a shutter FIG VII A The Membrane of the nervous body of the Yard separated B The blackish marrow of the same body C The Glans laid naked CHAP. 7. Of the Instruments of Generation in Women THE preparation of the Instruments of Generation is no less in the Body of Women than it is in the Body of Men for there are those by which the Seed is produced and mixed with the Seed of Man being produced and stirred up for the Generation of the Child such as regard the Seminal matter are the preparing vessels the Testicles
the Womb. X In the right side the Hypogastrick artery distributed in the Womb. X In the left side the Hypogastrick vein distributed in the Womb. Y The passage of the Womb. Z The Bladder depressed above the Privities aa A portion of the Ureters cut off about the Bladder bb A portion of the Vreters descending cut off about the reins cc The preparing Vessels dilated about the testicles dd The Vasa deferentia FIG III. AA The bottom of the Womb dissected cross BB The cavity of the bottom C The neck of the Womb. D The hole in the neck of the Womb of a Woman which hath brought forth EE The wrinkled face of the passage of the womb FF The round Ligaments of the Womb cut off underneath FIG IV. A The right testicle BB The right Tubae depressed C The left testicle bb The passages of the testicles of the womb DD The left Tubae of the Womb. E The bottom of the womb FF the round Ligaments of the womb cut off below G The Bladder inserted to the passage of the womb and stretched upwaâ—ds HH Portions of the Ureters II The two musculous parts of the Clytoris K The body it self of the Clytois FIG V. A The head of the Clytoris stiking out under the skin BB The external Lips of the Pivities drawn aside CC The Alae or Nymphae drawn aside D The Caruncle of the passage of Vme besides a EE The two fleshy prodixtions like Myrtle Leaves FF The Membranous containing of the chink FIG VI. A The Membrane drawn cross the Privities vulgarly taken for the Hymo FIG VII A The Privities of a yong Girl â—n which the signification is the same as in â—he fift figure CHAP. 8. Of the Fruit in the Womb. TO the Body of the Mother we adjoyn the contemplation of the fruit in the Womb because it is a part of it though temporary as not only the community of substance and nourishment but also the nexure of the Secundine and Umbilicar vessels to the Womb witnesseth this Fruit we consider as genuine and nourished by the Womb and as being fitting to breath the air it breaks out from that narrow inclosure The small Body of the Embrion is formed by the vital vertue of the Seed of the Man from which office it is called Plastica of which by the appointment of God himself by his infinite wisdom goodness and power he hath left not only obscure foot-steps but also cleer arguments to this the heat of the Seed and Nourishment from the Mother administers the Compendium that doth this great work is very small not exceeding the bigness of a great Emmet from which that is first formed without which life cannot be preserved to wit the Heart and from it the veins and arteries as from their Basis afterwards the Liver and then other parts which come first into use That the Heart is first formed before any other part your eyes will witness if you dilligently contemplate the framing of the Embrion in Eggs and although the Heart be very little and altogether white yet by reason of the blood contained in each Ventricle it hath a transparent redness to be distinguished from the other parts The motion of the Heart helps and confirms this for so soon as any blood is to be seen in the Veins of the Embrion the Heart being full of blood moves with a swift yet ordinary pulse so often as it is dilated it receives blood into its Ventricles so often as it is compressed it casts it out and this appears in the Heart whilst it is white though something increased Besides it must first be formed by reason of its singular plenty of heat which no other part of the Body is equally endewed with Lastly necessity requires its first formation that so by its motion the vital Spirit may be stirred up increased and distributed to the Body The matter of which the first forming sisteme of the Body is produced is the Seminal substance in the Body of the Mother which passing from the Tubae to the bottom of the womb to which the Seed of the Man ads heat and Spirit and to the increase and maintaining of it is the Blood of the Mother required this comes not at all to that first mixture from the Seed neither doth it make any Parenchyma but after an interval of time the Umbilicar vessels and Heart being framed it is drawn and takes its redness with the Muscles Of the parts procreated some lose their use others retain it so long as life lasteth such as lose their use are the Navil and its Vessels the the Membranes which compass the Child in the womb and the Placenta the use of these ceaseth so soon as the Child is brought forth to light The Navil is a Membranous ducture by which the Vein and Arteries arise from the child to the Mothers Womb both this and the Secundine wants Nerves because they have no use of sence It is of a famous length even in the very beginning of the Formation although the bigness of the Embrion at beginning be no bigger than a great Emmit or a small Bee but when the Fruit is ready for extramission the Navil-string is three spans long and as thick as ones finger both for the strength of the Vessels the perfecting of the blood by its long passage the commodious motion of the Child and the easier drawing out the Secundine it hath no distinct nodes yet is it wreathed and unequal for the easier bowing of the included vessels The rise of the Navil is from the middle of the Abdomen that the inclination of the Head and Breast of the Child might be the readier towards the mouth of the Womb at the biginning of the Embrion it swims in the Liquor of the Amnios but when it is more perfected it is bowed for the most part above the Breast and produced backwards by the hinder part of the Head to the Fore-head and joyned to the womb by Membranes and the contained Vessels The Vessels contained in the Navil are one vein and two arteries the vein is largest and takes its Original from the Foundation of the Vena porta within the Liver therefore it descends by the Arteries of the Liver to the Navil and being divided into very many branches above the Chorion it joyns its self to the Womb and carries Blood for the nourishment of the Infant The Umbilicar Arteries take their Original from the Iliack branches of the great Artery from which place being stretched upwards by the sides of the Vrachos they enter the Navil and are manifoldly distributed above the Corion with the Veins they carry vital Spirit and communicates it to the Child It is farre enough off from the truth that these vessels passe to the Child from the Mothers womb and the Membranes adjacent for in the young ones of Birds it is easie to be seen that Nature deduceth the Veins and Arteries from the Fruit it self inclosed in its Secundines and by degrees
slipping without the Skull between the Dug-like Process and the Bodkin-like Appendix and passeth to the Muscles of the Jaw the skin both of the Jaws and Ears Its Progress in the Ears see Chap. 16. Fig. 12. The sixt pair riseth a little below the fifth descending by the third hole of the Bone of the Temples which is common to the hinder part of the Head and being divided on each side into internal and external Branches makes that famous plexure which we spake of in the third Chapter The seventh pair proceeds from the Marrow just passing out of the Skull and is harder than the rest and slips out of the Skull by the fourth and fift holes of the hinder part of the Skull having passed the Skull with its common covering it joyns its self to the sixt pair from which being separated it is distributed partly to the Cartilages of the Hyois partly to the Tongue it self of which see Chapter 3. Figure 8. and Chapter 11. Figure 14. The beginnings of the Nerves and the Glandula Pituitaria being separated out of the Cavity of the Saddle about the Basis of the brain that plexure of the Carotides and Vertebral Arteries is to be heeded Ancient Writers called it Retiformis but Modern Rete Mirabile than which a ruder expression in the brain of man admits no comparision It s use is the same with the Plexus Chorois The Cerebellum is a sollid body if you compare it with the Brain and is divided into two parts like Globes between which the two Processes called Vermi formis appear to which about the hinder part of the Trunks of the marrow of the Back a third is seen which Varolius calls the Bridg of the Brain although this be not alwaies simple but sometimes unequal with certain bunches sticking up The Cerebellum being turned over with the Brain and that portion of the marrow of the back annexed to it the globes of the Cerebellum being gently drawn aside in the basis of them appears a Cavity which the best Anatomists call the fourth ventricle Herophylus calls it the principal ventricle Arantius the Cistern Its compass is round yet something broad and distinguished with two Cavities at the entrance of it where the Cavity of the marrow of the back is the worm-like process hangs over it and a thin Membrane is drawn over it in it the purer air drawn out of the former ventricles is kept for the refreshing of the animal Spirit The Marrow of the Back depends upon both Brain and Cerebellum being but a doubled Trunk of them both from whence it passeth down the large Cavities of the Vertebrae which serve like a sheath for it and sends out Nerves which are distributed to the whol Body it is covered with two Membranes as the brain is but in its progress is of a harder substance it hath veins and arteries distributed to it through the holes of the Vertebrae that it may be furnished with Blood and vital Spirit about its beginning as we told you it is manifestly divided and gives a round Cavity which ends in a poynt by degrees distinguished by a small chink which Herophilus compares to a writing pen It is joyned by degrees in its progress to external view it is single but considered in its self it is manifold and divided into almost innumerable small Nerves more or fewer of which the Membrane encompassing collects into one branch and distributes into pairs through so many holes of the Vertebrae In the Vertebrae of the Neck are seven pair which are distributed to the Muscles of the Head Neck and Shoulders Arms and Hands of which in the last Chapter The Marrow of the Back hath twelve pair dedicated to the Membranes of the Breast Back and Muscles of the Ribs The Loyns have five pair the Os Sacrum six which shall be described in the last Chapter Place here the first second and third Tables of the fourteenth Chapter which hath the Numbers 16 17 and 18. at the corners of the brass Plates THE FIRST TABLE OF THE FOURTEENTH CHAPTER UNFOLDED This Table shews the Brain laid bare from the Skull with the Dura and Pia Mater also its Cavities and Processes FIG I. AA The Dura Mater covering the Brain aa The Veins and Arteries distributed on it B The Brain covered only with the Pia Mater bb The Circumvolutions of the Brain ccc The Vessels distributed to the Pia Mater from the third Cavity C The Dura Mater drawn backwards FIG II. AA The longer Process of the Dura Mater called Falx turned out of its Scituation aa The third cavity of the Dura Mater open bb The lesser inferior cavity of the same BB A portion of the callous body laid to view CCCC The brain deduced a little to the sides cccc The vessels in the fourth cavity stretched over the callous body DD The Dura Mater hanging down on each side FIG III. AA The substance of the Brain BB The callous body drawn a little outwards bb The two Legs of the Vault something uncovered C The hooklike process drawn backwards DD The right fore ventricle opened on the upper part EE The left fore Ventricle opened on the upper part FF The Plexus Choroides G Part of the Speculum Lucidum HH The Dura Meninx detracted on each side FIG IV. AA The brain explained by equal Section B The Fornix taken up and bowed downwards CC The superior part of the right fore ventricle deducted DD The superior part of the left fore ventricle in like manner explained E The chink designing the third Ventricle FF The Dura Mater a The Glandula Pinealis bb The Protuberances called Buttocks cc The Protuberances called Testicles d The Protuberance likned to a womans Privities These are better expressed in the first Figure of the following Table FIG V. AA BB. CC. The brain and foremost ventricles explained in their upper part f A portion of the Plexus Choroides stretched upwards by the foremost ventricles D The shorter process of the Dura Mater EEE The longer process thereof F The Torcular of Herophilus G The Dura Mater detracted a The first cavity of the Dura Mater b The second cavity of the Dura Mater ccc The third cavity of the Dura Mater ddd The lesser cavity in the booklike process e The fourth cavity of the Dura Mater FIG VI. AA BB CC ff signifie the same they did in the fift Figure DD The Cerebellum conspicuous in his natural place E The wormlike process of the Cerebellum FF The Dura Mater hanging down GG The same with the cavities rowled downwards AN EXPLANATION OF THE SECOND TABLE OF THE FOURTEENTH CHAPTER This Table presents in larger Figures the Cavities both of the Brain and Cerebellum as they are shewed by the Dissections of the Ancients FIG I. Shews the inferior Cavity of the foremost Ventricles of the Brain the original of the optick Nerves the fourth Ventricle with its Protuberances the Legs of the Vault and whatsoever Arantius compared by the Sea-horse or