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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
body_n	dead_a	soul_n	spirit_n	13,984	5	5.8732	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13665	The new found vvorlde, or Antarctike wherin is contained wo[n]derful and strange things, as well of humaine creatures, as beastes, fishes, foules, and serpents, trées, plants, mines of golde and siluer: garnished with many learned aucthorities, trauailed and written in the French tong, by that excellent learned man, master Andrevve Theuet. And now newly translated into Englishe, wherein is reformed the errours of the auncient cosmographers.; Singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amérique. English	Thevet, André, 1502-1590.; Hacket, Thomas, fl. 1560-1590.	1568 (1568)	STC 23950; ESTC S111418	200,763	298

these wilde men of which we speake but the vanitie of this worlde shall cease when it pleaseth God Now to our matter we began to shew that there is a kinde of Magike most damnable that is called Thurgia or Goetia ful of enchantementes wordes ceremonies and inuocations hauing yet vnder hir certaine other kindes of the which as it is sayde was inuenter Zabulus As touching the true and perfit Magike the which is to seke and know heauenly things to celebrate and honor God it hath bene commended of many noble graue personages such had the thrée Kings that went to seke out Christe and such Magike is taken to be perfit and pure wisdome The Persians woulde not receiue any into the dignitie of their Empire vnlesse he had lerned this Magike that is if he were not wise For Magus in their language is wise in oures and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Gréeke is Sapiens in Latine Of the which was the inuentor as it is sayde Zalmoxis and Zorastria not he that is so common but he that was sonne to Oromasia Also Plato in his Alcibiades saith that he verily thinketh that the Magike of Zorastria is no other thing but to know and celebrate God the which to know and vnderstande he him self with Pithagoras Empedocles and Democrites hazarded themselues bothe by sea and by lande going into strange countries for to learne and know this Magike I knowe well that Plinie and many others haue enforced themselues to attaine thereto As for me I thought good to speake thus much by the way séeing it commeth now in purpose as touching our wilde men How these Americans beleue the soule to be immortall Cap. 37. THis poore people although they be ignorant erre yet their errour and ignorance is more to be borne with all than the Arians of our tyme which being not content to haue bene created to the image and lykenesse of the eternal God perfit aboue al creaturs against all scripture and miracles they wil shew themselues like brute beastes without lawe or reason and therefore bicause of their obstinate errour they shoulde be handled lyke beastes for there is no beaste be he neuer so wilde and brutish but will obey and serue man as the very image of God the which we dayly sée But it will one day come to passe that these wicked Imps shall well knowe that there resteth somewhat after the death of this worlde that at the later day shall appeare before the maiestie of God there to giue account of their wicked and damnable errour Nowe therefore these poore people do think y e soule to be immortal the which they name in theyr language Cherepicouare the which I knewe in asking of them what became of their soule when they were deade The soules sayde they of them that haue valiantly faught with their enimies goeth with many other soules to places of pleasure goodly woods gardens and orchardes but to the contrarie those that haue not well defended their countrey nor resisted their enimies shall goe with Agnan that is to the wicked spirite that tormented them On a tyme I boldened my self to aske or inquire of a greate King of that countrey as touching the immortalitie of the soule who was come aboue thirtie leagues of to sée vs but he answered me fiercely in his language these words Knowest thou not sayd he that after we be dead our soules go into a far countrey wheras they be founde altogether in fayre goodly places as our Prophets doe say that visit them oftentimes speke vnto them the which opinion they beleue and holde of a truthe Another tyme we went to visit another greate King of that countrey named Pindahouson whome we founde sicke in his bed of an Ague who among other things demaunded of me what became of the soules of our friendes and others when they dyed and I made answere that they went with Toupan the which he dyd easily beleue vpon the which he answered me these wordes come hether sayde he I haue hearde thée speake much of Toupan that can doe all things speake to him for me that I be healed and if I can be made whole I will giue thée many faire giftes yea I wilbe clad and arrayed as thou art beare such a greate bearde and honor Toupan as thou doest And in dede when that he was whole the Lorde of Villegagnon was determined to haue him baptized and therefore he kept him alwayes with him They haue another foolish opinion the which is that being on the water be it sea or Riuer for to goe against their enimies if that in the meane time there arise a tempest or rage on the water as many times ther doth they thinke that it commeth of the soules of their parents or friendes but wherefore they cannot tell and for to appease the tempest they cast some thing into the water in tokē of a present or offering thinking by this meanes to appease the windes Furthermore when any of them die be he King or other before that they lay them in their graue if that there be any that hath any thing belonging or partayning to the dead body they will not kepe it backe but wil bring it and deliuer it openly restore it before them all for to be put into the earth with him otherwise they doe thinke that the soule after that it is separated from the body wil come and molest them that kepe their goodes I woulde to God that many amongst vs were of the lyke opinion I meane without errour then would they not kepe backe deade mens goodes from poore orphelins and others Now they hauing restored to the deade man that which is his he is surely bounde with ropes of cotton and of the pithe of trées so that it is vnpossible as they thinke for him to reuiue and come agayne the which they doe greatly feare saying that to the elders it hath so chaunced and that hath made them since to looke better to it How these wilde men make warre one against another specially against those whome they name Margageas and Thabaiares Also of a tree which they name Hayri of the which they make their weapons for warre Cap. 38. THese people of America are greate quarrellers against their neighbors chiefly against those whome they name in their language Margageas Thabaiares hauing no other meane to appease their quarrell they fight cruelly one with another They gather together vpon a .6000 men sometymes ten or .12000 village against village or otherwise as they do méete the like do those of Perou and the Canibals And before that they execute any greate enterprise be it in warre or otherwise they assemble and come together chiefly the eldest sorte without their wiues or children with such a grace and modesty that they wil speake one after another and be that speaketh shal be heard with attētiue silence who hauing declared his minde giueth place to

thinke they haue as the Cryb a people of Thracia and other barbarous men in certaine Ilands of the sea Magilanike a thing very detestable and vnworthie of christendome to whome may serue for example these poore brutishe men The women for the tyme that they be greate with childe shall not beare or carie any heauie burthens neyther shall do any great labour for feare to be hurt The woman being brought to bed or deliuered the wiues shal carie the chyld to the sea to be washed or to some Ryuer and then will bring it to the mother who shall remaine in hir childe bed twentie dayes and foure houres the father shall cutte the childes nauell with his téeth as I my selfe haue séene as for the rest they handle and vse the women in child bed as tenderly as we doe here the norishment of the litle childe is the mothers milke notwithstāding that within certain days after his natiuitie they wil giue it grosser sustenance The father shortly after the childe is borne shall giue him a bow and arrow in his hand as a beginnyng and protestation of warre and vengeaunce of their enimies But yet there is one thing that marreth al that is that the fathers mothers before they marry their daughters wil gyue them to be abused to the first cōmer for a little value principally to Christians that trade thither if they will couple with them as wée haue before shewed Wée fynde in some histories of certaine people lyuing in maner as these wilde men do in their mariages Seneca in one of his Epistles and Strabo in hys Cosmographie writeth that the Lydians and Armenians hadde a custome to sende their virgins and maidens to the sea borders there in offering them selues to all commers to get them husbandes or else their dowries As muche sayeth Iustinus dyd the virgins of Cypris for to get their dowries and mariages which when they were quit and well iustified offered to the Goddesse Venus a present or offeryng We may fynde at this day amongst vs that making great profession of vertue and religion would doe the lyke and rather more without offering presente or candle the which I knowe of a truthe As touching the consanguinitie in Mariage Saincte Hierome writeth that the Athenians were woonte to marrie the brethren wyth the systers and not the Auntes wyth the nephewes the whych is contrary to the order of the Americanes Lykewise in oure countrey a woman of late hadde libertie to marrie hir selfe to fiue husbandes and not contraried Beside this we sée the Turkes and Arabians tooke many wiues I speake it not for that it is honest and allowable but for that we christians should auoyde such things To conclude our wylde men vse the maner and order that wée haue shewed so that a mayden is seldome maried hauing hir virginitie but beyng once maryed they dare doe no faulte for their husbandes doe looke straightly to them hauing a suspition of Iealousie shée may leaue hir husbande if that she be euill intreated the whiche oftentimes commeth to passe as we reade of the Aegyptians that dydde the lyke before they had any lawes In this pluralitie of women that they vse as wée haue sayde there is alwayes one aboue the others moste fauoured whiche is not subiect to so much trauell as the others All the children that procéede by the mariage of these wiues are reputed legittimate saying that the first Author of generation is the father and not the mother which is the cause that many tymes they kill the male children of their enimies being prisoners bicause y e such children in time to come might be their enimies Of the ceremonies buriall and funeralls that they vse to the deceassed Capit. 43. SEyng that I haue shewed you their doing and maner of liuyng and other theyr orders and ceremonies there resteth to speake of their Funerals and burialls For all that these kinde of people are brutishe and vnciuile yet haue they this custome and opinion to lay the dead bodies in the earth after that the soule is separated from the body in the place wher as the deceased in hys life time toke most plesure thinking so as they say that they can not put hym in place more notable than in the earth that bringeth forth the men that beareth so many fruites and other richesse profitable and necessarie for the vse of man There haue ben many lewde and vnaduised Heathen Philosophers that toke no care what should becom of their bodies after their decease whether it were cast out to y e beasts in the fields or birds of y e aire they forced not As Diogenes who after his death cōmaunded that this body should be cast out to the foules of the aire beastes of the fielde for to be eaten and deuoured saying that after his death his bodie should fele no more pain and that he loued much better that his body shold serue for sustenance than to putrifie and rot Likewise Lycurgus among the Lacedemonians did giue straight cōmaundement as Seneca writeth that after his deathe his body shoulde be cast into the sea others that there should be burned to ashes These poore people of America though they be brutish and ignorant shewe them selues after the death of their parentes or frends with out comparison more reasonable than aunciently dyd the Parthians who for all that they had lawes in stede of putting their dead bodies into the earthe cast them out to be a praie for soules and dogs Also the Taxilians did cast their dead bodies to the soules of the ayre and the Caspians in like maner The Ethiopians did cast the dead bodies into the waters the Romans did burne them to ashes as many other nations haue done By this ye may sée that the wilde men are not so voide of honestie but that they haue some knowledge of good considering that without lawe or faith they haue this knowledge and aduise that is to wit as much as Nature hath taught them Therfore they burye the deade bodies in the earth as we haue alreadie sayde in like maner as did aunciently the Nasomones Nowe the buriall of the dead is approued as well by the olde as by the new testament Likewise the ceremonies if they be duly obserued as well for that they haue bene vessels and instrumēts of the soule diuine and immortal as also to giue hope of the resurrection to come Here might I bring in many things as touching this mater but for that it is not my argument I omitte it and let it passe Nowe therefore among these wylde men yf that a housholder happen to dye hys wyues and hys néere kinsefolke and friends shall make a maruellous mournyng not for the space of thrée or foure dayes but foure or fiue monethes and this greatest sorow is foure or fiue of the first dayes ye shall heare them make such a noyse and harmonie as dogges and catts ye shall see as well men as women

wished for and they make them in the likenesse of Men Women Lions Birdes and Fishes the which is a faire thing to sée and muche better to taste Also they conserue many fruits the which by this meanes do kepe and they are caried into straunge Countreis to the comfort and recreation of euery one This Countrey is very good faire and fruitfull aswell of his natural disposition bicause of the faire hills decked with woodes and strange fruits the which we haue not in these parties as also of fountaines and liuely springs with the which the fieldes and medowes are watered being garnished with herbes and floures sufficiently and wilde beastes of all sortes Among the Trées that are there there are many that caste gumme the which they haue learned with the time to put to necessary vses There is also séene a kind of Gaiac but for that it is not found so good as the Gaiac that is at the Antilles they set nought thereby it may also be that they know not the manner how to vse it There are also certaine Trées that at certaine times of the yeare casteth good Gumme the which they call Dragons bloude and for to get it out they pearse the trée foote opening it wide and déepe This trée beareth a yellow fruit as great as a Cherrie the which is very good to refreshe one whether he haue the Ague or otherwise This kinde of gumme is not vnlike to Cynaber of which writeth Dioscoridus saying as for Cynaber sayth he is brought from Africa and is solde deare so that there is not ynough to satisfie paynters it is redde and therefore some iudge it to be Dragons bloude and so hath Plinie thought it in his booke the .33 of his naturall Historie the seuenth Chapter of the which as well Cynaber as Dragons bloude is not at this day founde among vs so naturall as the elders haue described but the one the other is artificiall therefore knowing what the elders haue iudged it and that which I haue knowen of this gumme I woulde esteme it to be altogether like to Cynaber and Dragons bloude hauing a softe and a cold vertue I wil not here forget among these so singular fruites as great Lemonds Oranges Citrons and abundance of swete Pomegranads winish swéete and sowre little and great the ryne or péele of which serue to tanne and harden the skins for that they are very suppell And I thinke that they haue learned this of Plinie for the treateth therof in his 19. booke and thirtenth Chapter of his Historie To be short these Ilāds so fruitful wel disposed do excel in dilicatnesse those of Greece were it Chios that Empedocleus hath so much extolled and Rhodes Apollonius and many others Of the Wine of Madera Cap. 9. WE haue here shewed howe much the lande of Madera is fruitfull and well disposed to beare many kinds of good fruite nowe we must speake of the Wine of Madera the which is aboue all fruites for the vse and necessitie of our humayne life I cannot tel whether it meriteth the first degrée at the least I am assured it meriteth the seconde in excellencie and perfection The Wine Suger bicause of an affinitie in temperatnesse that they haue together require a like disposition as doeth the ayre and the lande And euen as our Ilandes of Madera doe bring forth greate quantitie of very good Suger so doe they in lyke maner bring forth good Wine from what partes so euer the plantes are come The Spaniards haue affirmed that they wer not brought from Leuant nor from Candia and yet the Wine is as good and better The which then ought not to be attributed to any other thing but onely to the grounde I know well that Cyrus King of the Medians and Assirians before that he had conquered Egypte made to be planted a great number of plāts that he caused to be brought from Siria that since brought forth good Wine but yet they passed not these of Madera And as for the Wine of Candia though they are very excellent so that in times paste they haue bene greatly estemed in the Romaine bankets the which haue bene more celebrated than the Wines of Chios Metheglyn and of Promentorie of Aruasia which for his excellencie and pleasantnesse hath bene called Wine for the Gods But at this day the Wines of Madera and of the Ile of Palme one of the Canaries hath got the reputation whereas there groweth white red claret with the which they doe trade into Spaine and from thēce into other countreys The most excellentest is sold at the place where it is made for nine or ten Ducats the Pype From the which countrie being transported into other places it is very hot and burning and rather poyson to men than nourishmēt if it be not taken with discretion Plato estemed Wine to be a very good nourisher and very familiar to our bodies stirring vp or prouoking the spirites to vertue and honestie alwayes prouided that it be moderatly taken Also Plinie saith that Wine is a souerayne medicine The which being well knowen of the Persians estemed their greate enterprises after that they had dronke Wine moderatly to be more worthy than those that were done fasting that is to wit being taken in sufficient quantitie according to the complectiō of mē We haue here shewed that onely the quantitie or superfluitie of meates and drinkes hurteth therefore to my iudgement this Wine is better the second and third yere than the firste when it hath the heate of the Sunne the which heate within time consumeth and vadeth so that then there remayneth but the naturall heate for being transported from one place to another the burning heate extinguisheth Moreouer in these Ilandes of Madera the trées herbes and fruites growe so rancke and thick that they are constrayned to cutte and to burne a greate parte thereof In stede of which they plante canes of Suger that profit very much bringing their Suger in in .6 monthes and those that they plante in Ianuarie are cut in Iune from one moneth to another and so according as they are planted the which letteth that the heat of the Sunne doth not hurte them Here I haue briefly shewed that which I could obserue as touching the secretes of the Iles of Madera Of the Promentarie Verd and of his Ilandes Cap. 10. THE elders haue called or named a Promentarie a point of a lande that lieth out long in the sea the which may be séene a farre of and that this day it is called with vs a Caape as a thing eminent aboue others as the heade is aboue the rest of the body also some will write Promontorium à Prominendo the which to my iudgemēt is best This Caape or Promentarie of the which we minde to speake lyeth on the coast of Africa betwene Barbaria and Guinny in the realme of Senega distāt from the Equinoctiall .15 degrées being in times paste

inough bicause of y e faire trées that they bring forth neuerthelesse they are not inhabited They that dwell there neare goe thither to fishe from whence they bring suche a multitude of Fishe that they vse it in steade of bread being once dried and beatē to dust In one of these Ilands is found a Trée the which beareth leaues like to our Figge trées the fruite is a two foote long or there about and great in proportion like to Cowcombers of the Isle of Cypres Some eate of this fruit as we doe Myllions or Pompous and within this fruit there is a graine of the greatnesse of a Beane wherewith some of them féede their Apes and Munkeys others make collers to put about their necks for it is very faire when it is dried and seasoned Of the Wine of Palme trees Cap. 11. HAuing written as muche as is possible that which merited writing of the Promentary verde being héere before declared I am nowe minded particularly to treate séeing it cōmeth to purpose of Palme trées and of the Wine and Beuerage that these blacke brutishe men haue learned to make the which in their language they cal Mignoll We sée how muche God the father and creator of all things giueth meanes and wayes for the comfort of our life in suche sorte that if one way faileth he sheweth vs another And although that in that Countrey the wine is not so good as in other places and paraduenture for that they haue not bene planted or so diligently looked too as it is in many places of Europe neuerthelesse they haue by Diuine prouidence recouered by Arte and some diligēce that which otherwise to them was denied Now this Palme is a trée maruellous faire wel accomplished be it in heighth in perpetuall gréennesse or otherwise of y e which there are diuers kinds that grow in diuers places In Europe aswell as in Italy these Palmes growe abundantly chiefly in Sicily but they are barren in some of the borders of Spaine they beare fruite vnrelished and sowre not to eate In Affrica they are swéete and also in Egipt in Cypris in Creta and also in Arabia Likewise in Iuda the wine that therof is made is excellent but it hurteth the braine Of this trée there is male and female the male beareth his floure at the braunche the female buddeth without floure And it is a maruellous thing and worthy of memory of that which Plinie and many others doe resite that in the Forest of Palme trées that naturally grow out of the earthe if that the males be cut the females become baren without bearing any more fruit as widowes that want their husbandes This trée requireth a hot Countrey a sandy ground and brackishe or salt otherwise they salte the roote before they plant it As touching the fruit it beareth meat outwards the which groweth first and within a nut with a shel the which is the graine and séede of the trée as we sée Appels in our Countrey and also there groweth little ones among these without nut growing al on a braunch Furthermore this trée being dead reuiueth and springeth againe of it self of y e which it séemeth y e bird Phoenix hath taken his name the which in Gréeke signifieth Palme for that he reuiueth againe of him self without any other meane And yet more this trée so muche celebrated hath caused this Prouerbe and argument that is to cary the Palme asmuch to say as the triumph and victory or for that in times past they vsed a crowne of Palme in their victories as a thing that is alwayes gréene And yet euery play or game hath his trée as the Bay trée the Mirrhe trée and the Oliue trée or for that this trée as some say was first consecrated to Phoebus before the Laurell or Bay the which of antiquitie hath represented the signe of victorie And the reason thereof reciteth Aulus Gelius ▪ when he saith that this trée hath a certayne propertie that happeneth to worthy and vertuous men that is that the Palme trée neuer boweth nor bendeth but to the cōtrarie the more that it is laden the more as by a manner of resistance it redresseth and beareth vpwarde the which Aristotle confirmeth in his Problemes also Plutarche Plinie and Theophrastus the which seme to agrée with the saying of Virgill Shrinke not at all though fortune at thee frowne But valiantly resist and beat hir downe Now to our purpose in the which as wel for y e dispositiō of the ayre which is very hot being in the zone Torida distant 15. degrées from the Equinoctial lyne as for the good nature of the earth there groweth abundance of Palme trées from the which they draw a kind of Iuice for their store and ordinary drinke the trée being opened with a certayne instrument a foote or twaine from the grounde there procedeth a Licor that they receiue in an earthen vessell and kepe it in other vessels for their vse And for to kepe it from corruption they salt it a little as we doe verioice in our countrey so that the salt consumeth or taketh away the taast of the trée As touching the colour strength it is like to the white Wines of Anion the taaste is very good This likor is very good for to refresh and quenche their thirst to the which they are subiect bicause of the extreme heate The fruit of these Palmes are little Daates sharp and sower so that they are not toothsome to eate neuerthelesse the Iuices of the trée is very plesant to drinke And among them they esteme it as we doe good wines The Egyptians in tymes past before they did embalme the dead bodyes hauing prepared thē according to their custome for to kepe them from putrefieng did washe them thrée or foure tymes with this likor and then anoynted them with myrrh and Cynamon This drinke is vsed in many countries of Ethiopia for want of better Wine In like maner certayne Moores make a kinde of drinke with the fruite of an other trée but it is as soure as veriuyce before they be ripe for to be short I wil leue many diuers fruites and rootes the which the inhabitants vse for their sustenance that they haue taken onely by experience so that they knowe how to vse them in their sicknesse For euen as they eschewe voluptuousnesse and superfluitie the which among vs are very familiar so also they are more harder and stronger for to endure outward iniuries be they neuer so greate And to the contrary we for that we are ouer delicate and dayntie are hurte with a small thing Of the Riuer of Senega Cap. 12. ALthough that I am not minded in this my discourse as a true Geographer to set out the Countreys Townes Cities Floudes Goulfes Mountaynes Distances Situatiōs and other things appertaining to Geography yet neuerthelesse it semeth not contrarie to write and set forth at large the moste notablest places when it

dayes nor houres neither monthes nor yeares but they count only by Moones This maner of counting or reckening was in times past commaunded to be vsed by Solon to the Athenians that is to obserue the dayes by the course of the Moone Nowe to our purpose if that of this prisoner and of the wife that is giuen him there are borne any children for the time that they shalbe togither they shall be kept and nourished for a time and than they will eate them saying that they are their enimies children This prisonner after that he hath bene well entertained and made fat they will put him to death thinking it to be a great honoure And for to celebrate this slaughter they wil send for their farthest friends and kinsfolks for to eate their parte thereof the day before the execution he shall be laide in his bed and chained with Iron the which vse they haue learned of the Christians singing after this sorte The Margageas our friendes are good men strong and mightie in the vvarre they haue taken and eatē a good number of our enimies likewise they vvill eate me vvhen it please them But as for me I haue killed and eaten his parentes and friends to vvhome I am prisoner with many suche like woords By this ye may know that they feare not death I haue sometimes for pleasure deuised with suche prisoners being faire and strong men demaunding of them if they did no more care to be thus slaine and murthered from day to day to the which they answeared laughing and scoffing Our friends sayd they will reuenge our death shewing a hardie and an assured countenaunce And when that I did shewe them that I would redéeme them out of the handes of their enimies they tooke it in mockage and derision As touching the women and maids that are taken in the warre they are kept like prisoners as the men are for a certaine time then vsed after that maner They are not kept so muche in captiuitie as the men are but they haue libertie to goe about and they are set to dresse Gardens and to fishe and gather certaine shell fishe Now when that they are retourned from this slaughter or murther the owner of the prisoner as we haue already shewed will request all his friendes to come to him against that day to eate their parte of their bootye with good quantitie of Cahouin which is a kinde of drinke made of Mill with certaine rootes Vpon this day of solempnitie all the assistantes will decke them selues with fethers of diuers coloures or else they will painte their bodies Specially he that doeth the execution shall be decked after the best maner that is possible hauing his sweard of wood wherewith he doeth his office richly adorned with faire Fethers but the prisoner the shorter time that he hath to liue the more greater signe of ioy doeth he shewe He shall be brought surely bounde wyth cordes of Cotton into a publike place being accompanied with ten or twelue thousande of the wilde men his enimies and there he shall be smitten downe like an Oxe in the Shambles after many Ceremonies This prisoner being deade his wife that hath bene giuen him shall mourne a certain time for his deathe but the body being cut in pieces they take the bloud and therewith bathe their male children for to make them the more hardye as they say shewing them that when they come to age they doe the like to their enimies as their fathers before them had done By this ye may knowe that the like is done to them if they be taken in the warre The prisoner being put to death after this sort and hewed in pieces and prepared according to their maner shall be distributed among them all be they neuer so many euery one a morsell or piece as for the bowels or inner partes the women eate them vp commonly and they reserue the head to set it on a poll out of their houses in signe of triumph and victorie And aboue all other they haue a pleasure to vse the Portingals after this sorte The Canibals and those of a riuer named Marignan are much more cruel to the Spanyardes making them to die a cruell death and then they eate them We finde not in no Historie of any nation be it neuer so straunge and barbarous that hathe vsed the like crueltie as these haue done but onely Iosephus wryteth that when the Romaines had besieged Ierusalem vnder Titus Vespasians sonne after that the famine or hunger had deuoured all the mothers were constrained to eate their owne children And the Anthropophages that are a people inhabiting in Scythia liued also with humain flesh as these wilde men do Now he that hath made y e execution straightly after that he hath done goeth home to his house and there remaineth all the day without meate or drinke in his bed Likewise he shall abstaine certaine dayes and in thrée dayes after he shal not set foote on groūd If he be minded to goe to any place he is borne on mennes shoulders hauing among them this fonde and foolish opinion that if he should not so doe there would happen vnto him some mischiefe or else the like death This being done with a little sawe made of the téethe of a beast named Agontin he will race his skin on his brest or on other places so that it shall appear all rent and broken And the cause why they doe these things is as I haue bene enformed of some of them that they doe it for pleasure estéeming the murther that by him hath bene committed against his enimie a great glory and honoure to him warde Vnto whome minding to shewe the crueltie of the thing disdaining my woords sayd vnto me that it was a great shame to vs for to forgiue and pardon our enimies hauing once taken them in the warres Moreouer he sayd that it is muche better to put them to death to the ende that they moue not warre against vs an other time By this ye may sée with what discretion these poore brutishe men doe rule and gouerne themselues Also the maidens doe vse suche Ceremonies with their bodies the space of thrée dayes continually after that they haue had the first purification of women so that sometimes they are very sicke Also the same dayes they do abstaine from meates not comming out of their houses nor setting foote on ground as we haue before shewed of the men sitting only vpon a stone appoynted for that vse Hovv that these vvilde men couet greatly to reuenge their harmes and iniuries Cap. 41. IT is not greatly to be maruelled at if that these people walking in darknesse and ignorant of the truthe prepareth not only vengeaunce but putteth it in vre Considering that the Christian although it be straightly forbidden him by expresse commaundement cannot kepe himselfe from it folowing the error of one named Melicius who helde opinion that we ought not to pardon our enimies the

of the shels of Torterels A historie of a Portingal gentleman A Portingall healed of the Leprosie Orselie a herbe The Ile of fire and why it was so named The Hill Pusola Lib. 2. cap. 106. The spreading of Ethiopia Senega floud in times past named Nigritis The description of Ethiopia Miroa an Ilande The realme of Etabecke and Ickthiophages The loue of the Anthropophages towards their King Meroa the chief towne of Ethiopia aunciently named Saba Why the Ethiopians and other are black Indians and Ethiopians vse Magique The Inhabitants of Ginney to the Cape of good hope are all Idolaters Castor and Pollux called the bright starres and lanternes of the sea The maners and order of liuing of those of Ginney The aire of Ginney is vnholesome Maniguetta a fruit much estemed among spices The trade of Iuorie Eliphāt a beast approching to humain reson A riuer or flud bearing Mines of golde and siluer Cania and Rhegium riuers Two sea mōsters like to man and wife The description of the Equinoctiall line From whence commeth the name Equinoctiall The temperatenesse of the aire vnder the Equinoctiall line The Ile of S. Omer or of S. Thomas Abundance of diuers fishes vnder the lyne The sea water is sweet vnder the Equinoctiall Man hath great desire to knewe and se things The opinion of many Philosophers that say all the world is not inhabited Fiue Zones by the which the worlde is measured The cold zone The temperat Zone Zone Torida Another temperat zone Another colde zone The zone Torida and hills Hyperbores are inhabited The zone Torida more cōmodious and wholesom thā the others Marsouin and why it is so named A foūtaine that sheweth fish lyke golde Aristotle and Plinie of the Dorade Lib. 6. cap. 16. The descriptiō of the Dorade Dorade the fish hath bene greatly estemed in tymes paste among the Romaines Among these Dorades those were most set by that were brought from Tarenta being made fat at the lake Licryn as witnesseth Martiall in the thirde boke of his Epigrams The Ile of the Ascention an why it was s named Diuers kinds of strāge birds and in great number Aponars birdes Caape of good hast Ile of Aponards and why it is so named The Ile of thascention not yet inhabited as many others India Meridionall Caape of good hope why it is called Lyon of the sea Rhinoceros or beasts of Ethiopia The spreading of East India Sea Indique A signe to the Nauigants that they drewe neere to America The hills of Croistmourō Maqueh Caape de Fria Gekan The maner of these Barbaroꝰ men is to eate their enimies The fruitfulnesse of the Ile of S. Laurence Chicorin a fruit that we name nuts of India The Ile of Prince Seuen sortes of Palme trees in the Indies of America Spagnin a kind of herbe Pa a straunge birde The Asse of India Orix Gray Amber very cordiall Caape Defria Cahonin a drinke in America The superstition of these Indians in making this drinke A Riuer of salt water Birdes with diuers coloured fethers A gown made of fethers brought from America Arat a red bird Ganabara so called bicause of the likenesse to the lake Manihot a rote that the wilde men vse to eate A pleasant and comfortable Iland in the which the Lord of Villegagnon fortified him selfe A rocke from whence procedeth a lake Oysters hauing pearles The maner of these wild mē to take fish Panapana a kinde of fish A kinde of thornebacke Ineuonea Trees bering oysters America not known of the Cosmographers in times past Americus Vespucia did first finde out America The lying of America What the inhabitants of America are America is a very fruitfull countrey What parte of America is inhabited by the Spaniards and Portingals The Religion of the Americans Toupan Hetich rootes Charaiba America first discouered in the yere 1497 The Canibals are a people that liue with humaine flesh HoWe these Americās liue Adamians a kinde of heretikes that maintained nakednesse The opiniō of the Turlupins and the Philosophers of Ciniques cōcerning nakednesse Iulius Ca●●● did weare a cap against the order of the Romaines The stature and naturall coloure of the Americanes The wilde me liue without lawes The Americanes detest and abhorre salte meates The Lezard of America How these Americans kepe silence at their meat Auaty a drink The more delicate a man is nourished the lesse strength he hath A kinde of herbe that cutteth like steele A monstrous forme of a childe couered with scales Abantes a people in Asia The maner of the Athenians Genipat a tree and the fruite The maner how to make colour of this tree Genipat The maner of these wild mē to colour their bodies Vsub a kinde of Gumme An other tree named Genipat Petun an herb and howe it is vsed A fountaine at Lyncestis and his propertie The discription of a tre named Paquouere Pacoua the fruit A dead Cocodrill Iacareabson A stone of the coloure of an Emerauld Why the Americanes are tormented of wicked sprites Aguan a euill sprite in their language Grigri The opinion of the wilde men as touching their naturall dreames Pages Prophets Pages or Charaibes What these pages and Charaibes are and of their deceit The ceremonies of these Prophetes to cal vpon the wicked spirit What the intorrogations are that they make to the wicked spirit Houioulsira Two kindes of Magike Against those that beleue sorceries and witchcraftes Thurgia a dānable Magike Zabulus Which is the right Magike What Magus in the Persian tōg signifieth Zalmoxis Zorastria Cherepicouare The opinion of the wilde men on the immortalitie of the soule Pindahouson a King in the wilde coūtrey This Toupan is to be vnderstanded the almighty God The superstition of the wilde men Hairi a tree Hornebeame a tree The buckler that they vse The cause why the wilde men fight one against another The wilde mē obstinate and couragious The custome of the Americans is to eate their enimies A prouerbe The inhabitants of Morpion are enimies to those of Ianaria Almadies made of the barcke of a tree The superstition of the men in taking of the barks of the trees A foolish opinion of the wild men and of the Turkes and Moores Drummes Flutes other Instrumentes do stir vp the spirites How they intreate their prisoners The wilde men feare not death How the women and maiden prisoners are intreated Cerimonies against the execution of their prisoners Cahouin a drinke The Canibals are mortall enimies to the Spanyardes Vengeance is defended to Christians A history of a Portingall being prisoner to the wildemen The faithfulnesse of the wilde men but not to Christians How they of America do marry The deflouring of maids before they be maried A defēce made by the Lord of Villegagnon that the Frēch men shold not acquaint them selues wyth the wilde women The auncient custome of the Lydians Armenians and the inhabitants of Cypris The wyld mē haue many wiues The maner of the wilde men to burye the dead

The opinion of Diogenes for the buriall of the bodie The funeralles of the deade is approued by holy scripture The vse and custome of the Romanes and others at the funeralls of a Citizen Alexander the great Mortugabes lodgings of the wilde men and how they be builded The Arabians and Tartariās haue no place to remaine in Trees that beare cotton Iny Manigot Arat a byrde Hennes Popingayes No vse of gold nor siluer among them The charitie of the wilde men one toward an other Pians a sickenesse in America and his oirginall The wildmen are very lecherous and carnall The true originall of the French pocks as the Frenche men write The curing of this disease Hiuourahe a tree The wilde mē are afflicted with ophthalmies and from whence they proceede All the paines of the eyes with ophthalmies The southe winde and yll token The foolishe opinion of the wilde men in their prophets and of their diseases A methode meane to heal the disease obserued of these wylde men How the pacient liueth whē he is sicke Naua an excellent fruite Tom a kinde of wormes Hibonconhu a fruit and for what vse The trafike of the wild men The description of Toucan a bird of America A straunge hat made of fethers Secretes brought by the author into Fraunce or America The order of the world before the vse of money What the christiās and Americans do trade together A kinde of spice Of the spice of Calicut The Ilād of Corchel The Iland of Zebut Aborney The Ilands of Moluqus and of the spice that commeth from thence The description of Carinde a birde of excellent beauty Aiouroub a greene birde Marganas Who it was that first caged birdes Great plenty of Popengayes in America The exclamation of Marcus Cato against the abuses of his time Ierahuua a kind of Palme Quiapian a birde Annon a bird Another kinde of birde Hiuourahe a tree Gouanbuch a bird very litle How the Americās take wilde beastes The wilde Bore of America The Harte of America The property of a Harts horn A fond opiniō of the wilde men The descriptiō of Coary a strange beaste A kinde of Fesantes Macouacanna a kind of Partriges Tapihire a beaste The descriptiō of Tapihire A kinde of strange fish Hyuourahe a tree The vsage of the barcke of this tree The excellency of the frute of this tree Loth in Homer The descriptiō of a tree named Vhebehason Two kinde of honey Bees Hira honey Bees Hirat a beast The vsage of honey much commended of diuers people Melissus King of Creta Why the Poets haue fayned that the honey Bees flied into Iupiters mouth Red gumme America not knowen of the anciēt writers The descriptiō of a beast named Hauthy Chamellion The wonderfull workes of Nature The maner of the wyld men to get Fyre Thata Thatatin The first inuētiō of Fyre Vulcan inuentor of Fyer The opinion of the wylde men against a deluge How the wild men do number The original of these Americans How the wild men did first vse to cut wood Dedalus the first inuenter of a Forge Pedris inuenter of the Saw A kinde of Fish The lyeng of the Ryuer of Vases Cacuycu Sagauius a beast Tatton a beast Quoniambe● a King redouted Peroes How many it is to bee thought that Iulius Caesar hath slaine in his battailes The discription of the land of Morpion The fruitfulnesse of Morpion Nauas Piraipouchy The riuer of Platte why it is so named The first voyage attempted by the Spanyards to the Riuer of Platte ▪ The seconde voyage A slaughter of Spaniards The third voyage The fourth voyage The policie of Captaine Aruall Wylde men as great as Gyāts The richesse of the countrey about the riuer of Platte Saricouieme a daintie beast The lyeng of the straight of Magellan The voyage o● Frrnandus of Magellan The Caape of Virgins Therea Atorizo The straighte of Daryen The Ilandes of the Moluques The lande of Australl To know that there are two worlds or no. Diuers opinions of the Antipodes What people the Antipodes and Antichtones the one to the other A difference betwene Antipodes and Antictones Anteci Pataeci The maner of going of the Antipodes was not well knowen nor approued of the elders Saint August lib. 15. of the Citie of God The common occupations of the wild men Howe these wilde men labour the earth Myll white and blacke Hetich In America no vse of corne Husbandrie hath bene of a long time The first vse of Corne. Meale of rotes Manihot The straunge maner of eating of the wylde men A kinde of white beanes How they make salte Bread made of spice and salte Bread of drie fishe Nenuphar a kinde of colewort Peno absou a tree A birde of a strange and wonderfull beautie Gerahuua Iry The lande of Brasile discouered by the Portingales Oraboutan the brasile tree A voyage into the east countrey by Onesicritus captaine to Alexander the greate Yelow wood Wood of the color of purple A battaile drawen in purple wood white wood L●● 10. ca. 19. Betula Diuersitie in earth How the Author returned from America Caape Saint Augustine Caape of good hope why it is called Lyon of the sea Caape of saint Michell Verie daungerous lands discouered by captaine Pynson Castel Marin Fermanbow The Ilrude of S. Paule Continuall warre betwene the Spaniardes and the Canibals The fruitfulnesse of their countrey Haouay a venemous tree The riches of the countrey of Canibals The Ryuer of Marignan separateth Perou from the Canibals Aurelane a Riuer of Perou The Ilād of the Trinitie very riche A kinde of tree like to a Palme tree The seapacifick or peaceable or the sea of Magellan Mhe lying of the Riuer of Plate The lying and wonderfull greatnesse of the Riuer of Aurelana The originall of Nyll Aurelana or the Riuer of Amazones The Ilād of the Holy Crosse The stature of these wild mē Amazones of America Thre sorts of Amazones Many opiniōs on the naming and Etimology of Amazones Philostratus Amazones are warlike womē Asia tributarie to Scithia the terme of .500 yeares Lampedo and Marthesia the first Quenes of Amazones How the Amazones of America liued Hovv these Amazones put their enimies to death The originall of the Amazones of America are vncertaine How the Spaniardes arriued into the countrey of Amazones and how they were receiued How the Spanyardes continued their voiage to Morpiō Deuision of their company for to k●pe on to the riuer of Plate A very good Mine of siluer Mines of gold and siluer Plate a river and why it is so named The straight of Magellan The peaceable sea Ilands of Moluques inhabited by the Spanyardes The cape of three poynts The lands of the king of Spaine in the Indies The lande that the king of Portingal hath in the Indies Countreys not yet discouered The shipwrak of a Portingal The Ilande of Rats why it was so named The cōmodites of the Ilande of Rats The Zone betwene two Tropickes are inhabited A