Selected quad for the lemma: body_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
body_n	call_v	part_n	soul_n	8,750	5	5.2741	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60202	The deaf and dumb man's discourse. Or A treatise concerning those that are born deaf and dumb containing a discovery of their knowledge or understanding; as also the method they use, to manifest the sentiments of their mind. Together with an additional tract of the reason and speech of inanimate creatures. By Geo. Sibscota.	Sibscota, George.; Deusing, Anton, 1612-1666.	1670 (1670)	Wing S3748B; ESTC R203573	28,715	98

malabar_n i_o will_v i_o will_v and_o draw_v the_o ship_n into_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o further_a delay_n 72._o garcias_n ab_fw-la horto_fw-la in_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o people_n in_o cochin_n who_o affirm_v they_o see_v a_o public_a register_n call_v a_o attestation_n which_o do_v mention_v that_o there_o be_v a_o elephant_n there_o that_o can_v speak_v and_o do_v ask_v his_o governor_n for_o food_n but_o he_o answer_v that_o the_o cauldron_n in_o which_o he_o boil_a rice_n for_o he_o be_v full_a of_o hole_n etc._n etc._n which_o story_n be_v relate_v before_o by_o lipsius_n out_o of_o acosta_n 73._o but_o let_v we_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o write_n of_o elephant_n which_o be_v a_o representation_n of_o the_o external_a speech_n pliny_n out_o of_o mucianus_n report_n that_o one_o of_o these_o creature_n learn_v the_o greek_a letter_n and_o write_v in_o that_o language_n ipse_fw-la ego_fw-la haec_fw-la scripsi_fw-la &_o spolia_fw-la celtica_n dicavi_fw-la and_o philostratus_n they_o write_v say_v he_o and_o dance_v nay_o to_o the_o pipe_n also_o but_o aelian_a say_v i_o myself_o have_v see_v a_o elephant_n write_v the_o roman_a letter_n in_o a_o table-book_n with_o his_o trunk_n and_o that_o withal_o they_o be_v write_v very_o even_o not_o crooked_a nay_o whilst_o he_o be_v write_v his_o eye_n be_v earnest_o fix_v upon_o the_o table-book_n that_o you_o may_v plain_o say_v they_o be_v intent_n and_o accustom_a to_o write_v 74._o although_o the_o major_a part_n of_o brute_n have_v no_o articulate_a voice_n and_o so_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o speech_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o we_o see_v on_o all_o side_n that_o they_o express_v their_o inward_a conception_n one_o with_o another_o and_o with_o man_n also_o by_o the_o gesture_n sound_n and_o noise_n which_o they_o make_v with_o their_o body_n and_o such_o other_o kind_n of_o mean_n even_o as_o dumb_a man_n use_v gesticulation_n and_o various_a motion_n in_o lieu_n of_o speech_n whereby_o they_o discourse_v very_o significant_o among_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o with_o other_o person_n 75._o hither_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v that_o of_o philostratus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o apollonius_n in_o his_o 4._o book_n ch_n 1._o concern_v the_o sparrow_n who_o as_o a_o messenger_n by_o the_o raise_n of_o his_o chirp_a tone_n do_v signify_v to_o the_o rest_n that_o he_o have_v find_v out_o some_o place_n where_o there_o be_v good_a store_n of_o scatter_a corn_n and_o so_o do_v communicate_v the_o food_n he_o have_v discover_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sparrow_n who_o hear_v that_o voice_n of_o he_o they_o all_o make_v a_o sudden_a noise_n immediate_o fly_v after_o he_o the_o like_a example_n be_v relate_v to_o i_o by_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o renown_a brinkins_n p._n m._n burgomaster_n of_o hardervick_n when_o live_v concern_v a_o goose_n who_o when_o she_o have_v find_v in_o any_o of_o the_o field_n a_o stock_n of_o corn_n take_v her_o flight_n immediate_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o her_o consort_n and_o make_v a_o noise_n among_o they_o the_o whole_a flock_n follow_v she_o she_o fly_v foremost_a and_o show_v the_o rest_n where_o their_o food_n be_v we_o may_v daily_o observe_v in_o dog_n great_a remark_n whereby_o they_o signify_v their_o inward_a sense_n to_o other_o 76._o and_o since_o it_o be_v so_o what_o must_v we_o think_v of_o the_o reason_n of_o brute_n and_o their_o sermocination_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v what_o be_v there_o want_v to_o make_v they_o rational_a creature_n or_o make_v they_o account_v to_o be_v of_o humane_a society_n be_v we_o not_o bind_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v in_o brutus_n a_o kind_n of_o analogical_a reason_n or_o estimative_a faculty_n that_o resemble_v reason_n from_o whence_o their_o ingenuity_n be_v derive_v and_o by_o virtue_n whereof_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o some_o respect_v prudent_a 77._o and_o true_o since_o we_o see_v that_o brute_n animal_n do_v sometime_o rave_v and_o dote_v for_o ape_n when_o drink_v have_v a_o kind_n of_o delirium_fw-la dog_n be_v trouble_v with_o the_o hydrophobia_n or_o madness_n which_o happen_v as_o be_v report_v to_o horse_n ox_n ass_n and_o camel_n it_o must_v needs_o also_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v wit_n and_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n in_o some_o measure_n for_o natural_a potency_n and_o impotency_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o same_o subject_n hence_o we_o find_v that_o as_o that_o analogical_a reason_n be_v in_o some_o more_o exquisite_a and_o vigorous_a so_o some_o brute_n differ_v from_o other_o in_o ingenuity_n prudence_n docility_n and_o stupidity_n of_o which_o subject_n i_o have_v various_o discourse_v in_o theatr._n natur._n univers_n part_n 2._o disputat_fw-la 5._o s_o 29._o and_o the_o follow_a section_n 78._o yet_o this_o reason_n of_o brute_n be_v absolute_o different_a from_o humane_a reason_n in_o its_o very_a essence_n for_o the_o former_a be_v a_o kind_n of_o sensitive_a or_o material_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n to_o which_o that_o which_o be_v vulgar_o call_v cogitative_a in_o man_n or_o the_o estimative_a faculty_n itself_o illustrate_v with_o reason_n from_o the_o preside_a and_o hypostatical_a union_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n with_o the_o sensitive_a body_n do_v in_o some_o measure_n agree_v and_o yet_o this_o very_a cogitative_a faculty_n in_o man_n though_o it_o be_v material_a it_o be_v far_o more_o noble_a and_o excellent_a than_o the_o reason_n in_o any_o species_n of_o brute_n can_v be_v and_o do_v by_o many_o degree_n surpass_v the_o reason_n of_o elephant_n then_o this_o reason_n be_v apprehend_v to_o transcend_v the_o reason_n of_o gallus_n africanus_n insomuch_o that_o there_o be_v herein_o a_o kind_n of_o irradiation_n or_o a_o represent_a image_n in_o man_n flow_v from_o the_o immortal_a soul_n which_o also_o by_o its_o native_a and_o essential_a reason_n be_v capacitate_v to_o imitate_v the_o celestial_a intelligency_n which_o bright_a light_n of_o reason_n in_o man_n communicate_v itself_o to_o the_o estimative_a faculty_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o intimate_a connexion_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n with_o the_o sensitive_a body_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a suppositum_fw-la become_v rational_a 79._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o aristotle_n say_v in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o ethic_n to_o nicomachus_n the_o last_o chapter_n that_o man_n have_v a_o twofold_a reason_n the_o one_o he_o have_v principal_o in_o himself_o viz._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o very_a mind_n or_o rational_a soul_n the_o other_o that_o he_o be_v obedient_a to_o parent_n and_o that_o he_o have_v reason_n by_o participation_n to_o wit_n that_o which_o he_o call_v in_o man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o part_n that_o be_v without_o the_o humane_a soul_n as_o the_o sensitive_a faculty_n this_o first_o reason_n of_o man_n be_v the_o very_a intellect_n itself_o so_o call_v by_o aristotle_n which_o he_o say_v 3._o de_fw-fr anim._n cap._n 5._o t._n 20._o be_v separable_a immortal_a and_o impassable_a the_o latter_a the_o passive_a intellect_n which_o he_o do_v not_o affirm_v to_o be_v immortal_a and_o eternal_a because_o it_o perish_v with_o the_o universal_a sensitive_a faculty_n when_o the_o rational_a soul_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o body_n 80._o the_o former_a sort_n of_o reason_n in_o man_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o rational_a soul_n or_o mind_n and_o be_v its_o native_a faculty_n as_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v a_o immaterial_a substance_n not_o at_o all_o envelop_v in_o matter_n so_o that_o make_v use_v of_o no_o corporeal_a organ_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o its_o function_n but_o soar_v above_o all_o the_o sense_n contemplate_v upon_o divine_a immortal_a and_o eternal_a being_n and_o understand_v those_o thing_n which_o no_o sense_n of_o the_o body_n can_v conceive_v and_o still_o desire_v that_o which_o the_o sensitive_a faculty_n whole_o abhor_v so_o that_o calvin_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o institutes_n c._n 5._o s._n 5._o reprehend_v those_o and_o that_o not_o undeserved_o who_o be_v addict_v to_o preposterous_a subtlety_n will_v fain_o wrest_v that_o say_n which_o teach_v that_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v organical_a to_o a_o contrary_a sense_n viz._n from_o the_o sensitive_a faculty_n to_o the_o very_a rational_a soul_n as_o well_o say_v he_o to_o destroy_v the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n as_o to_o rob_v god_n of_o his_o proper_a right_n for_o say_v he_o because_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v organical_a by_o this_o pretext_n they_o so_o link_v it_o to_o the_o body_n that_o it_o can_v subsist_v without_o it_o 81._o the_o latter_a reason_n of_o man_n which_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o sensitive_a or_o estimative_a faculty_n by_o participation_n as_o it_o be_v not_o corporeal_a nor_o intermix_v with_o the_o body_n as_o

the_o deaf_a and_o dumb_a man_n discourse_n or_o a_o treatise_n concern_v those_o that_o be_v bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a contain_v a_o discovery_n of_o their_o knowledge_n or_o understanding_n as_o also_o the_o method_n they_o use_v to_o manifest_v the_o sentiment_n of_o their_o mind_n together_o with_o a_o additional_a tract_n of_o the_o reason_n and_o speech_n of_o inanimate_a creature_n by_o geo._n sibscota_n london_n print_v by_o h._n bruges_n for_o william_n crook_n at_o the_o green_a dragon_n without_o temple-bar_n 1670._o a_o discourse_n concern_v those_o that_o be_v bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a and_o of_o their_o knowledge_n 1._o such_o be_v the_o calamity_n of_o mortal_n in_o this_o state_n of_o misery_n that_o they_o be_v invade_v on_o all_o side_n not_o only_a when_o they_o be_v bear_v by_o a_o vast_a army_n of_o disease_n but_o be_v also_o trouble_v with_o many_o distemper_n whilst_o the_o womb_n be_v their_o lodging_n there_o we_o often_o meet_v with_o the_o precursory_a messenger_n of_o death_n even_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o life_n and_o whilst_o the_o formative_a faculty_n be_v frame_v this_o machine_n of_o our_o immortal_a soul_n some_o deformity_n some_o irregularity_n in_o the_o structure_n or_o other_o preternatural_a disposition_n obstruct_v the_o exercise_n of_o the_o part_n immediate_o intermix_v itself_o with_o our_o birth_n which_o enormity_n of_o the_o part_n or_o constitution_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n prejudice_v the_o operation_n and_o contract_v at_o our_o birth_n some_o have_v be_v so_o scrupulous_a as_o to_o think_v that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o disease_n but_o of_o a_o defect_n reserve_v the_o name_n of_o disease_n for_o the_o defect_n of_o that_o which_o be_v once_o perfect_a 2._o and_o as_o this_o kind_n of_o defect_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o many_o member_n of_o man_n body_n so_o it_o most_o frequent_o happen_v to_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v aristotle_n observation_n long_o ago_o who_o therefore_o in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o problem_n sect._n 11._o move_n this_o very_a question_n why_o the_o hear_v of_o all_o sense_n shall_v be_v most_o prejudice_v from_o our_o nativity_n and_o submit_v it_o to_o consideration_n whether_o this_o may_v not_o be_v the_o reason_n or_o cause_n of_o it_o because_o the_o hear_n and_o voice_n seem_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o same_o principle_n for_o speech_n say_v he_o which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o voice_n may_v easy_o be_v deprave_v and_o not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n restore_v to_o its_o perfection_n a_o sign_n whereof_o be_v that_o we_o continue_v mute_a for_o some_o time_n after_o we_o be_v bear_v for_o in_o our_o infancy_n we_o can_v speak_v at_o all_o then_o at_o length_n we_o begin_v to_o stammer_v since_o therefore_o speech_n may_v be_v easy_o pervert_v and_o that_o the_o principle_n of_o hear_v and_o speak_v be_v the_o same_o for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v the_o voice_n that_o be_v the_o primordium_fw-la of_o hear_v it_o follow_v consequent_o that_o that_o hear_v of_o all_o the_o sense_n be_v soon_o corrupt_v as_o it_o be_v per_fw-la accidens_fw-la not_o per_fw-la se_fw-la we_o may_v say_v he_o lie_v this_o down_o as_o au_fw-fr argument_n take_v even_o from_o other_o creature_n that_o the_o principle_n of_o speech_n may_v be_v easy_o destroy_v for_o no_o other_o creature_n can_v speak_v but_o man_n sole_o be_v endue_v with_o this_o faculty_n yet_o he_o as_o be_v premention_v be_v a_o long_a while_n before_o he_o begin_v to_o speak_v 3._o we_o will_v propose_v to_o ourselves_o three_o thing_n to_o be_v thorough_o weigh_v in_o reference_n to_o this_o consideration_n of_o aristotle_n first_o the_o reason_n itself_o by_o which_o he_o maintain_v that_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v may_v be_v easy_o injure_v from_o the_o very_a birth_n above_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n because_o the_o principle_n of_o speak_v or_o of_o articulate_a speech_n may_v be_v easy_o prejudice_v the_o principle_n of_o hear_v be_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o hear_v may_v be_v injure_v from_o the_o birth_n not_o per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o as_o it_o be_v per_fw-la accidens_fw-la viz_o by_o reason_n the_o common_a principle_n of_o speech_n and_o hear_v may_v be_v hurt_v second_o we_o will_v take_v into_o our_o consideration_n that_o which_o follow_v by_o consequence_n from_o that_o very_a reason_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o hear_v be_v never_o damnify_v from_o the_o birth_n unless_o speak_v or_o the_o articulate_a enunciation_n of_o the_o voice_n be_v so_o likewise_o because_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a common_a principle_n belong_v to_o the_o speech_n as_o well_o as_o hear_v which_o be_v injure_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o both_o of_o they_o must_v be_v prejudice_v this_o consequence_n be_v so_o certain_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n that_o in_o his_o four_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o animal_n chap._n 9_o he_o ingenious_o pronounce_v that_o they_o who_o be_v bear_v deaf_a be_v also_o dumb_a and_o for_o that_o reason_n they_o may_v make_v use_n of_o a_o voice_n but_o not_o of_o speech_n three_o we_o will_v subjoin_v and_o inquire_v into_o their_o understanding_n that_o be_v bear_v deaf_a as_o also_o the_o way_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o knowledge_n four_o and_o last_o we_o will_v contemplate_v a_o little_a upon_o the_o reason_n and_o discourse_n of_o brute_n animal_n section_n i._n why_o be_v hear_v of_o all_o sense_n soon_o prejudice_v 4._o as_o to_o the_o first_o aristotle_n lay_v down_o a_o certain_a common_a principle_n of_o hear_v and_o speech_n but_o do_v not_o sufficient_o declare_v what_o or_o what_o kind_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v indeed_o he_o affirm_v that_o voice_n be_v the_o principle_n of_o hear_v as_o well_o as_o of_o speak_v and_o withal_o say_v that_o the_o hear_v and_o speak_v seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o one_o and_o the_o same_o principle_n and_o true_o the_o voice_n be_v the_o material_a principle_n of_o speech_n as_o far_o as_o the_o articulate_a speech_n be_v frame_v by_o the_o voice_n as_o if_o the_o same_o voice_n be_v the_o principle_n by_o which_o the_o hear_n be_v stir_v up_o to_o the_o act_n or_o the_o hear_n have_v a_o actual_a be_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o voice_n as_o peter_n apponensis_fw-la explain_v the_o meaning_n of_o aristotle_n 5._o but_o this_o principle_n will_v not_o effect_v our_o design_n for_o this_o question_n will_v remain_v unsolve_v why_o where_o there_o be_v a_o voice_n in_o deaf_a man_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o hear_v and_o where_o those_o that_o be_v mute_a can_v frame_v a_o voice_n or_o brute_n animal_n themselves_o yet_o they_o can_v speak_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o common_a principle_n and_o wherefore_o since_o infant_n can_v hear_v shall_v they_o not_o also_o be_v able_a to_o speak_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o that_o common_a principle_n for_o the_o particular_a cause_n either_o of_o the_o obstruction_n of_o hear_v or_o impediment_n or_o depravation_n of_o speak_v be_v on_o either_o hand_n to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o organ_n the_o irregularity_n whereof_o the_o vitiate_a conformation_n or_o solution_n of_o the_o continuum_fw-la or_o the_o convenient_a influx_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v impede_v by_o any_o defect_n of_o the_o organ_n obstruct_v the_o operation_n thereof_o but_o we_o will_v see_v in_o our_o follow_a discourse_n whether_o there_o may_v not_o probable_o be_v some_o other_o principle_n find_v out_o that_o depend_v upon_o the_o mutual_a conjunction_n of_o the_o nerve_n 6._o but_o the_o reason_n why_o newborn_a babe_n can_v hear_v but_o not_o present_o speak_v or_o pronounce_v articulate_a word_n be_v because_o there_o be_v more_o require_v to_o the_o frame_n of_o speech_n or_o speak_v than_o to_o the_o reception_n of_o a_o sound_n or_o hear_v for_o the_o hear_v be_v mere_o passive_a and_o the_o sound_v arrive_v at_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v the_o very_a auditory_a nerve_n expanded_a to_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o wind_n of_o the_o auditorium_n presupposs_v a_o convenient_a disposition_n of_o the_o outward_a as_o well_o as_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o ear_n a_o sound_n be_v immediate_o represent_v but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o when_o a_o voice_n be_v utter_v the_o speech_n be_v not_o immediate_o frame_v or_o discourse_v raise_v nor_o do_v it_o mere_o consist_v in_o passion_n 7._o brute_n animal_n that_o have_v lung_n and_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la be_v able_a to_o utter_v a_o voice_n otherwise_o than_o those_o other_o creature_n that_o only_o make_v a_o sound_n or_o noise_n but_o yet_o they_o can_v therefore_o speak_v the_o dolphin_n say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o 4_o the_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o animal_n c._n 9_o have_v lung_n and_o the_o artery_n and_o therefore_o can_v utter_v somewhat_o of_o a_o voice_n but_o yet_o have_v

into_o they_o yet_o by_o that_o they_o can_v conceive_v any_o thing_n of_o god_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o corporeal_a reason_n and_o so_o have_v no_o conception_n of_o god_n nor_o can_v they_o ever_o be_v able_a to_o dispute_v concern_v god_n by_o the_o deduction_n of_o cause_n or_o by_o the_o successive_a end_n nor_o by_o conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o principle_n imprint_v in_o their_o mind_n but_o only_o by_o the_o singular_a commodity_n or_o use_n or_o the_o more_o splendid_a appearance_n of_o the_o particular_a individual_a body_n viz._n of_o the_o sun_n or_o moon_n and_o so_o they_o can_v apprehend_v the_o invisible_a thing_n of_o god_n but_o can_v only_o frame_v a_o conception_n or_o imagination_n of_o the_o corporeal_a idea_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o proximate_o move_v the_o sense_n 90._o undoubted_o that_o which_o be_v pure_o incorporeal_a and_o divine_a or_o which_o be_v the_o true_a essence_n of_o divinity_n which_o be_v only_o religious_o to_o be_v worship_v can_v fall_v under_o the_o apprehension_n of_o a_o faculty_n mere_o corporeal_a but_o if_o there_o do_v appear_v in_o elephant_n as_o well_o the_o shadow_n of_o many_o virtue_n as_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o imaginary_a idea_n of_o religion_n as_o lipsius_n have_v heap_v together_o many_o example_n out_o of_o divers_a author_n to_o that_o purpose_n what_o wonder_n be_v it_o that_o the_o celestial_a body_n strike_v the_o sense_n with_o great_a admiration_n and_o yet_o be_v not_o exquisite_o apprehend_v by_o the_o sense_n that_o that_o representation_n of_o religion_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v shall_v be_v direct_o apprehend_v and_o so_o they_o be_v believe_v by_o plutarch_n and_o aelian_a to_o worship_n the_o rise_a sun_n and_o by_o pliny_n and_o aelian_a the_o new_a moon_n 91._o final_o the_o wisdom_n of_o brute_n consist_v only_o in_o that_o part_n wherein_o they_o also_o suffer_v a_o delirium_fw-la but_o man_n wisdom_n also_o consist_v in_o the_o mind_n or_o active_a intellect_n in_o which_o they_o never_o dote_v and_o herein_o they_o evident_o differ_v from_o beast_n who_o have_v not_o this_o faculty_n so_o that_o that_o passage_n of_o hypocrates_n aphor._n 6._o sect._n 2._o belong_v only_o to_o the_o passive_a intellect_n so_o far_o as_o it_o reside_v in_o the_o sensitive_a faculty_n where_o he_o say_v that_o those_o who_o be_v trouble_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o be_v hardly_o sensible_a of_o the_o pain_n their_o mind_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o as_o galen_n interpret_v it_o in_o his_o commentary_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v disstemper_v for_o they_o be_v deceive_v by_o a_o defect_n of_o the_o inward_a sense_n which_o brute_n have_v in_o common_a with_o man_n and_o stand_v always_o in_o need_n of_o their_o ministry_n whilst_o tie_v to_o the_o fetter_n of_o the_o body_n 92._o therefore_o man_n be_v true_o say_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o beast_n by_o reason_n because_o brute_n animal_n have_v not_o any_o footstep_n of_o that_o reason_n that_o be_v natural_a to_o the_o rational_a soul_n or_o the_o active_a intellect_n but_o they_o only_o have_v some_o kind_n of_o shadow_n of_o that_o reason_n which_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o sensitive_a faculty_n or_o of_o the_o passive_a intellect_n so_o that_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v reason_n analogical_o 93._o now_o as_o to_o the_o speech_n which_o be_v apprehend_v to_o be_v in_o some_o brute_n that_o have_v organ_n fit_a for_o the_o emission_n of_o a_o articulate_a voice_n what_o kind_n of_o reason_n that_o may_v be_v and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o humane_a speech_n be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v discuss_v and_o as_o the_o speech_n of_o parrot_n crow_n and_o other_o bird_n woe_n be_v teach_v by_o art_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a articulate_a voice_n without_o any_o mental_a understanding_n to_o which_o they_o be_v train_v up_o by_o custom_n not_o know_v for_o the_o most_o part_n what_o be_v signify_v by_o this_o or_o that_o word_n so_o that_o parrot_n that_o rehearse_v the_o apostle_n creed_n do_v not_o at_o all_o understand_v the_o thing_n signify_v by_o those_o word_n and_o therefore_o this_o sort_n of_o speech_n be_v not_o at_o all_o a_o representation_n of_o the_o intrinsic_a reason_n and_o so_o consequent_o no_o true_a speech_n 94._o but_o if_o sometime_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o seem_v apposite_o to_o appropriate_v the_o name_n of_o thing_n to_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o retain_v the_o signification_n of_o they_o that_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o memory_n by_o which_o they_o do_v accommodate_v those_o thing_n which_o they_o by_o their_o docility_n have_v gain_v to_o particular_a thing_n as_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o they_o and_o according_a to_o their_o often_o repeat_v appellation_n but_o their_o speech_n extend_v no_o far_o to_o other_o thing_n than_o custom_n have_v direct_v they_o and_o as_o that_o parrot_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o river_n call_v for_o help_n and_o promise_v a_o reward_n it_o must_v necessary_o be_v that_o she_o have_v by_o practice_n learn_v those_o word_n be_v oftentimes_o before_o in_o the_o like_a danger_n 95._o and_o since_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o not_o only_a elephant_n but_o some_o other_o creature_n as_o dog_n and_o horse_n though_o these_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o capable_a do_v in_o some_o manner_n conceive_v the_o speech_n of_o man_n to_o which_o they_o be_v accustom_v or_o understand_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o such_o and_o such_o word_n as_o they_o be_v teach_v and_o as_o they_o by_o the_o motion_n or_o gesture_n of_o their_o master_n know_v what_o they_o will_v have_v though_o some_o more_o exact_o than_o other_o be_v it_o a_o great_a wonder_n for_o these_o brute_n if_o they_o have_v organ_n fit_a for_o speech_n to_o be_v able_a by_o outward_a expression_n as_o they_o have_v learn_v by_o custom_n to_o signify_v the_o single_a conception_n of_o their_o estimative_a faculty_n to_o other_o which_o they_o frame_v within_o themselves_o according_a to_o the_o common_a speech_n they_o be_v accustom_v to_o than_o that_o they_o shall_v by_o the_o usual_a gesture_n of_o the_o body_n and_o other_o various_a way_n which_o be_v also_o the_o speech_n of_o mute_n be_v able_a to_o adumbrate_v their_o inward_a conception_n to_o other_o or_o what_o wonder_n be_v it_o for_o a_o parrot_n pie_n crow_n or_o starling_n to_o express_v what_o they_o inward_o conceive_v or_o desire_v by_o a_o articulate_a voice_n or_o such_o as_o they_o have_v learn_v by_o custom_n 96._o and_o those_o creature_n that_o have_v be_v use_v to_o speech_n can_v count_v number_n and_o yet_o they_o have_v no_o formal_a conception_n of_o those_o number_n because_o that_o can_v be_v do_v but_o by_o abstract_v and_o so_o consequent_o by_o the_o immaterial_a faculty_n for_o in_o the_o number_n of_o any_o thing_n propose_v or_o the_o collect_v a_o definite_a multitude_n out_o of_o unity_n it_o be_v requisite_o necessary_a that_o the_o mind_n have_v a_o idea_n of_o some_o number_n be_v know_v and_o that_o it_o appear_v how_o the_o three_o differ_v from_o the_o four_o and_o the_o four_o from_o the_o ten_o and_o so_o on_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o number_n may_v be_v right_o appropriate_v to_o any_o multitude_n propose_v according_a as_o the_o thing_n require_v but_o this_o do_v not_o at_o all_o come_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o material_a faculty_n with_o which_o brute_n be_v only_o endue_v 97._o since_o therefore_o number_n be_v not_o proper_o form_v but_o by_o the_o intellect_n which_o aristotle_n himself_o confess_v 4._o phys_n t._n 131._o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o name_n of_o number_n be_v only_o repeat_v by_o the_o memory_n in_o brute_n that_o name_v it_o but_o the_o essence_n of_o number_n or_o difference_n of_o the_o four_o and_o five_o or_o twenty_o be_v not_o in_o they_o 98._o as_o to_o the_o write_n of_o inanimate_a creature_n since_o that_o elephant_n use_v the_o proboscis_n as_o a_o hand_n and_o almost_o as_o ready_o as_o we_o do_v for_o they_o will_v take_v the_o small_a piece_n of_o money_n off_o from_o the_o ground_n and_o ordinary_o manage_v a_o sword_n like_o a_o fencer_n handle_v a_o gun_n level_v it_o and_o discharge_v as_o we_o ourselves_o that_o have_v be_v eye-witness_n can_v testify_v it_o need_v not_o seem_v a_o impossibility_n for_o they_o to_o write_v some_o letter_n who_o figure_n they_o have_v be_v teach_v either_o single_o or_o joint_o and_o so_o reduce_v they_o into_o word_n and_o perhaps_o by_o write_v to_o express_v their_o conception_n of_o any_o particular_a thing_n according_a to_o custom_n as_o other_o brute_n use_v to_o notify_v their_o conception_n by_o gesture_n or_o other_o way_n suitable_a to_o their_o nature_n 99_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_o apparent_a by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v how_o infinite_o the_o speech_n of_o inanimate_a