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A00698 A vvoorke of Ioannes Ferrarius Montanus, touchynge the good orderynge of a common weale wherein aswell magistrates, as priuate persones, bee put in remembraunce of their dueties, not as the philosophers in their vaine tradicions haue deuised, but according to the godlie institutions and sounde doctrine of christianitie. Englished by william Bauande.; De republica bene instituenda, paraenesis. English Ferrarius, Johannes, 1485 or 6-1558.; Bavand, William. 1559 (1559) STC 10831; ESTC S102013 301,803 438

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For thei knew that mannes life with out knowlege was not like a life and that the passage to vertue so troubled with brambles and Briers so harde to climbe coulde not easelye be founde out and passed Which thinge many men holde to be signified by the notable herbe Molie whiche Homere so highly praiseth Which had that name geuen it by the Gods and was deliuered to Vlisses by Mercury whose rotes grewe so deepe into the grounde that they coulde not be plucked vp as who say Vertue can not be atchiued without great labour Therefore good enstruction is nedeful whereby manne is framde to that excellencie whiche he must shewe in his liuynge for so muche as he is not bredde for him selfe alone For althoughe there he certaine seedes laied in vs by nature whereby we be moued to vertue and equitie yet they stande vs in no steade but lye hidde frutelesse onelesse by the prouocacion of singuler studie they be fashioned after reason and shewe forth amongest men some token of learning For the obteininge whereof discipline and exercise are necessarie lest manne if those primatiue mocions be once suppressed become brutishe without any fruite of life like vnto other vnreasonable creatures For mannes life is like vnto yron as Marcus Cato saieth whiche weareth by little and little if it be occupied but if not it is consumed with rustines and pearisheth without any profite had thereof There is nothing then more euident then this that citees be bothe brought into order of societie and also gouerned by counsaill trauail and labour of vertuous wisemen whiche estate Plato so ofte calleth happie when either the Gouernoure is a Philosopher or a Philosopher the Gouernour whiche ceaseth not to folowe the studie of wisedom Moreouer it behoueth the whole nomber to bee so instructed that they may vnderstande how to obeie how to obserue the ordinaunces of ciuilitie and how to embrace vertue And to this ende did I saie that Discipline serued whiche is not borne with vs but is learned by teaching Thereupō who so euer minded to deserue well of mannes life haue alwaie had an especiall care to brynge vp their children vertuously and to instructe theim with good and liberall Sciences that thereby accesse might bee had to the attainyng of vertue So Lycurgus when a childe was borne at Lacedemon would not leaue it to the fathers bringing vp but cōmannded that it should be conueighed into a certain place named Lesche wher soche as were the beste of the childes aliaunce should trie out his to wardnesse and if thei had perceiued the infaunte to be well featured and in limmes well proporcioned thei then with charge cōmitted hym to his parentes that thei should diligently and carefully tēder his educacion And herevpon although Plutarke doeth commende the common weale ordeined by Numa Pompilius yet he doeth farre preferre Lycurgus for the trainyng vp and instructyng of youth whiche brought Sparta to soche a decente order that menne might looke thereon none otherwise then as it were vpon a Scholemaster or teacher of honest life perfite discipline and a dwelling place and marte of al kinde of vertue and honestie in somoche that he checked a young man bicause he knewe the waie to Pylea as if he should haue saied no man ought to degenerate frōthordinaunces of his coūtrey Solon likewise charged y ● Iudges called Areopagites at Athens y ● thei should punishe loiterers and vagaboundes therby meanyng that youthe should not onely bee well brought vp but that order and foresight should be had that when thei had learned their facultie thei should neither lose the same ne yet mispende their tyme in idlenes Aristotle writeth that in the Grekes citees there were appointed certain named Paedonomi whose charge was onely to see that children were well trained vp No man is in this poinct more carefull then Plato which then hopeth that his common weale shall haue good successe if yong men well trained vp be brought by sounde doctrine and discipline vnto the marte of good literature the discipline of maners the loue and studie of Philosophie and finallie to humanitie it self whereby thei maie become fitt members of a common weale Which poinct Aristotle the great master of the Peripateciane secte one that as he was beste learned among all the Philosophers so was he the beste Philosopher among all the learned in his common weale dooeth principallie appoincte that in euery citee there should ●ee soche a Schoole for learnyng whereby the true vse thereof might be obteined whence soche men might isshewe as should bee able well to gouerne the common weale and by doyng their duetie kepe it in one estate of honour Cicero also although he confesse that there haue been many worthie men of excellente spirite and prowes without any knowledge of learnyng as were Scipio the Aphricane conquerour Lelius Furius and the olde Cato the best learned in his tyme yet he thus moche affirmeth that if learnyng light vpon an excellent naturall wit then there is like to ensue a worthy pece of woorke And whereas other thinges be not common to all tymes ages and places these studies doe nourishe youth delight olde age adourne prosperitie be a comfort and solace to them that bee in aduersitie bee recreatiue at home be no hinderaunce abroade continue with vs all night goe into straunge landes with vs dwell with vs in the countrey Besides this all bookes all wisemennes talke and all olde histories be full of good ensamples which should all lye hid in darkenes if the light of learnyng did not reueale the same For the attainyng of this aide of learnyng so profitable to a common weale it is moste neadefull that soche wittes be cherished to whom the charge thereof must be committed Whiche first of all is doen by educacion whiche wise menne would haue so simple so well appoincted so vpright that thei dooe not allowe that the child should receiue any milke but of his own naturall mother Whiche thing Phauorine the Philosopher reasoneth finelie in Aulus Gellius bicause it is an heauie parte to depriue the childe of the foode of blood whiche is so nere to his own alredy brought in to this worlde alreadie requiryng the duetie of his mother whom she nourished in her wombe when she did not see it and to put hym to soche a nourse as also is bothe of an other kinde of blood and milke consideryng that the nourses disposicion and nature of her Milke beareth greate swaie in establishyng the maners of the child ▪ whiche thing Virgile imitatyng Homere did liuely expresse where Dido in her extreme anguish for Aeneas his departure speaketh vnto him these wordes Thy mother neither Goddesse was Thou traitour to thy broode Nor Dardan aucthour of thy kinne nor parent of thy bloode But in the mount of Caucasus thou vvast begote and bredde And in the ragged rockes thereof the Tygres vvilde thee fedde As though nature
had giuen women their pappes for a certain comely ornament and a settyng for the of their breastes onely not for the nourishyng of their children Then it is not conueniente that children should be noursed with euery kinde of vnnatural and vnclean milke and yet of the better race that the child is borne the more is he vsed to be set forth to a strange nourse so that it is no maruaill though soche o●spring growe out of kinde Moreouer the childe must be so brought vp that he see none euill behauiour neither in his mother ●e yet in his nourse whom Chris●ppus wished to bee a wise woman neither yet heare or vtter any naughtie talke hymself For looke what lico●re a vessell is fir●●e seasoned withall and that it will keepe longe but lette hym incontinent learne the readie waie to vertue and set before hym the paterne of his life to come let hym stirre vp those sparcle● whiche nature hath lated in hym as the foundation of reason Then as Socrates teacheth vs in Plato when children be wained from the teate thei must enure themselues to stronger meates embrace the discipline of maners studie of wisedome that thereby thei ma●e be prepared toward the gouernemente of the common weale and Ciuill life wherein thei must afterwarde tr●uaill that so in processe of time the exercises wherein thei spend the daie maie encrease and thei them selues vnderstande that thei bee not borne onely for thei● selues for the perfityng whereof ▪ it is very necessarie that liberall sciences bee taught theim as Grammer Kethoricke Musicke and Logike which I saie Logicke Plato would not should be medled withall till a manne were paste thirtie yeres of age yea and then not to be ouer busie therewith ▪ bicause it consisteth in subtile reasonyng and argumentes euen of soche thinges whiche bee in deede bothe godlie and honest Aristotle addeth also to the said Sciences the artes of Poetrie and Painting I would wishe that the whole bodie of liberall Sciences should be taught whiche do laie and establishe the foundacion to the excellencie of these artes whiche help as I haue before declared the buildyng of citees the assemble of men and preseruacion of the publike honour For the whiche vocacion of teachyng it is requsite to haue soche as can descretly hādle and well enstruct the childe euen as sone as he can crepe out of his mothers lappe and is able to receiue any learnyng leaste the ill demeanour and ignoraunte of Scholemaisters corrupte and hinder their pupils For Leonidas as Diogenes the Babilonian wrote by Quintilians reporte did plant in Alexander certain naughtie condicions ▪ which Aristotle could not roote out of hym but from his firste trainyng vp in his infancie thei continued still with hym euen when he was growen a s●●ute and mightie prince Scholemaisters therefore must be men of a good zeale and soche as stand not to moche in their owne concept ▪ ●halonging them selues a glorious name of profounde ●earning but thei must be ●earned in deede of honest conne●sacion ●au●urers of vertuo and soche as can take their scholers as their children whom the scholars muste s● moche the more reuerence bicause thei receiue the beginnyng of their liuyng of their parentes but of liuyng well of their scholemaisters Nowe in what sorte thei ought to bee trained vp in what tongues authours it is no part of my purpose to discourse but Quintiliane doth ●●th largely and learnedly shew vs an order in that point To whom if ye doe ioine I●annes Ludouicus viues it wer bothe necessarie and profitable But speciall hede must be taken that no childe be set to any thing wherwith his wit and nature can not agree but we must chiefly folowe that whiche Tullie full well calleth a continuall and earnest occupiyng of the minde whē it doth applie it self to any thing with delight therein This also must be seen to that there bee no writers taught whiche bee filthie vncleane vngodlie and little helpyng the honestie of life For it is very c●pediente to conside● in what kinde of artes and what kinde of maners young children be nusseled from their tender yeres which I would rather haue if I shold nedes be put to chose honest without any learnyng then with out honestie highl●e learned For honestie by the excellencie and woorthinesse of it self is able to adourne and set forth a man●es liuyng but the other although it haue neuer so excellent learnyng with misde●ea●our it is shadowed as it wer ●●● vtterly darkened And for as moche as in the Schoole of Christians no kinde of studie should be permitted vnlesse it beare the cognisaunce of godlines Prophane writers muste be so taught that thei maie drawe as nigh as can bee to our religion neither by any kinde of construyng swar●e one iote from it For so shall it fall out that good educacion and godlines ioyned together shall so prepare youth to the common weale and ciuil life and so instructe theim that thei shall neither repent theim of their labour and trauaile n● yet their parentes of their expēses Thus it appereth that it ski●●eth moche vnder what maisters ●uicion how and in what order the child be brought vp what creansers what gouernours he hath what companions he vseth as Tullie putteth vs in minde and with what kinde of men he delighteth to be conuersaunt Otherwise although he be learned and eloquent in woordes and yet lacke the ornament of godlines you maie well as Zeno Citticus the Philosopher did compare hym vnto the come of Alexandria faire to the iye but drosse in deede as one whiche will delight thine eares but make th●● neuer the ●onester in the ende Therefore the gouernours of cōmon weales must vnderstande that it is verie expedient that bothe Magistrates and other subiectes ●e● firste well instructe bothe in good learnyng and honestie of maners from whom good lawes the bande of mannes societie maie procede and the cōmon weale be supported and s●aied Whiche thing who so despiseth and vnaduisedly neglecteth striueth ●urelye with nature mocketh the ordinaunce of God and in the meane while desiereth that the societie of man whiche is linked bothe with Gods and mannes lawe should be dissolued Now concernyng the erection and maintenance of Schooles as it is a thyng verie nec●ssarie so to touch it in long discourse it is no part of my enterprise whiche entende not to stande in the reformation of euery enormitie but onely generally and as it wer through a lattise to shewe whereby the societie of man may be vnited together and the honour of the common weale preserued Seing y ● many wel learned mē haue sufficiently entreated of the founding repairing of scholes whose iudgemente neither I wil ne yet can reproue THE Fifth Booke concernyng the good ordering of a common weale The argument of the first Chapiter That bandieraft accupaciōs and workemanships which are exercised