and wash all his mouth with Uineger and salte If his stomacke be to colde chen his haire will stare and stande right vp which Absirtus others were wonte to cure by giuing the horse good wyne and oyle to drynke and some woulde seeth in the wyne Rhew or Sage some would adde thervnto white Pepper and Myrre some woulde giue him Onyons and Roket seede to drinke with wyne some the bloude of a yong Sowe with wyne Absirtus would haue the horse to eate the greene blades of wheate if the tyme of the yeare will serue for it Columella sayth that if a horse or any other beast doe loth his meat it is good to giue hym wyne and the seede of Gith or else wyne and stampt Garlicke Of casting out his drinke The .lxxxii. Chapter VEgetius sayth that the Horse may haue such a Pawlsy proceeding of colde in his stomacke as he is not able to kepe his drinke but many tymes do cast it out again at his mouth The remedye whereof is to lette him bloud in the necke and to giue him cordiall drinks that is to say made of hote and comfortable spyces and also to annoynte all his breast and vnder hys shoulders with hote oyles to purge his heade by blowyng vp into his nosetrils powders that prouoke nesing such as haue bene taught you before Of surfetting with glut of Prouender The .lxxxiii. Chapter THe Glut of Prouender or other meate not digested doth cause a Horse to haue great payne in his body so as he is not able to stande on his fete but lyeth downe waltereth as thoughe he had the Bottes The cure whereof according to Martins experience is in this sorte Let him bloude in the necke then trotte him vp and downe for the space of an houre and if he can not stale drawe out his yarde and washe it with a little white Wine luke warme and thrust into his yard eyther a broosed Cloue of Garlicke or else a little oyle of Camamill with a wax Candle If he can not doung then rake his fundament giue him this glistre Take of Mallowes two or three handful and boyle them in a pottell of fayre running water and when the Mallowes be soden then straine it and put therevnto a quarte of freshe Butter and halfe a pinte of oyle Oliue and hauing receyued this glister leade him vp and downe vntill he hath emptyed his bellye Then set him vp and kepe him hūgry the space of three or foure dayes and the Hay that he eateth let it be sprinckeled with water and let him drinke warme water wherein would be put a lyttle bran and whē he hath dronke giue him the bran to eat and giue him little or no prouender at all for the space of eight or tenne dayes Of an other kinde of surfetting with meate or drinke called of vs foundering in the body The .lxxxiiij. Chapter THis disease is called of the olde writers in Greeke Crithiasis in Latine Hordiatio it cōmeth as they say by eating of much Prouender sodenlye after labour whylest the Horse is hote and panting whereby his meate not being digested bredeth euill humors which by little and little do spreade throughe his members and at length do oppresse all his body and doe cleane take away his strength make him in such case as he can neyther go nor bow his ioynts nor being layde is able to rise againe neyther can he stale but with great pain It may come also as they say of drinking to much in trauelling by the way when the horse is hote but then it is not so daungerous as when it commeth of eating to much But how so euer it commeth they say all that the humors will immediatelye resort downe into the horses legs feete will make him to cast his houes and therfore I must nedes iudgeit to be no other thing but a plaine foūdering which word foūdering is borowed as I take it of the Frēch word Fundu that is to say moltē For foūdering is a melting or dissolutiō of humors which the Italians cal infusione Martin maketh diuers kinds of foundering as foundering in the body which the Frenche men call most commonlye morfundu and foundering in the legges and feete also foundering before and foundering behinde which some Autours do deny as Magister Maurus and Laurentius Russius affirming that there are fewer humors behinde than before and that they can not easelye be dissolued or molten being so farre distante from the hearte and the other vital partes Whervnto a man might aunswere that the naturall heate of the heart doth not cause dissolution of humors but some vnnaturall and accidentall heate spred throughout all the members whiche is dayly proued by good experience For we see horses to be foundered not only before or behinde but also of all foure legges at once which most commonly chaunceth either by taking colde sodenlye after a great heate as by standyng still vpon some colde pauemente or abrode in the colde winde or else for that perhaps the horse traueling by the way and being in a sweate was suffered to stande in some showld water whilest he did drinke which was worse than his drinking for in the meane time the colde entring at his fete ascended vpward and congealed the humors which the heate before had dissolued and therby when he cōmeth once to rest he waxeth stiffe and lame of all his legges But leauing to speake of foundering in the legges as well before as behind vntil we come to the griefes in the legges and feete we intende to talke here onely of foundering in the body according to Martins experience The signes to knowe if a horse be foundered in his body bee these Hys haire will stare he will be chill and shrugge for colde and forsake his meate hanging downe the heade and quiuer after colde water and after two or three dayes he will begin to coughe The cure according to Martin is thus First scoure his bellye with the glistre last mentioned and then gyue him a comfortable drinke made in this sorte Take of Malmesey a quarte of Suger halfe a quartern of hony half a quartern of Cynamom halfe an ounce of Lyckoras and Annis seedes of ech two sponeful beaten into fine powder which being put into the Malmesey warme them togither at the fire so as the hony may be molten and then giue it him luke warme That done walke him vp and downe in the warme stable the space of halfe an houre and then let him stand on the bitte two or three houres without meate but let him be warme couered wel littered and giue him hay sprinckeled with a little water and cleane sifted prouender by little at once and let his water be warmed with a little grounde Mault therin And if you se him somewhat chered then let him bloude in the necke and also perfume him once a day with a little Frankencense and vse to walk him abrode when the weather is fayre and not
the Amoniacum dissolued first in vineger after that al the reast of the foresayd drugs and after they haue boyled all together be vnited in one straine it and make it playster wyse this is called Emplastrū slauū that is to say the yealow plaister ▪ An oyntment for broken bones The Clxxviij Chapter TAke of olde sallet oyle a quart and put thervnto of Hogs grease of Spuma nitri of eche one pound and let them boile together vntill it begin to bubble aboue and let this oyntement be very warme when you vse it HItherto of al the diseases belonging to a horse Nowe therefore my promise made vnto you in the beginning of this boke to speak of those things wherein the cure of all diseases do consist that is to say in letting bloude in taking vppe of vaynes in purging and in giuing the fyre yea and also order it selfe bindeth me to treate of the sayde things presently and first of letting bloud In howe many vaynes a Horse may be let bloude in and to what ende The Clxxix Chapter AS touching the order time of the yere Moone day and other circumstaunces belonging to letting of bloud we haue sufficiently spoken alredy in the kepers office in the xxij Chapter It resteth therfore here to shewe you what vaynes should be opened whē the horse is sick of any disease according to Vegetius opinion But first I will rehearse vnto you once agayne in howe many vaynes a horse maye be let bloude in and the rather for that in following Vegetius I lefte out in the .vij. Chapter of the kepers office the two temple vaynes which be the two first and principal vaines of the head A horse then may be let bloud in the two temple vaynes Item in the two eye vaynes which are easie to finde in the face of the horse somewhat beneath the eyes Item in the two pallat vaynes of the mouthe Item in the two necke vaynes Item in the two platte vaynes which be in the breast Item in the two forthyghe vaynes Item in the foure shakle vaynes before Item in the two toe vaynes before Item in the two side vaynes which maye be otherwise called flanck vaynes Item in the taile vayn Item in the two haunch vaynes Item in the two hough vaines Item in the foure shakle vaynes behinde Item in the two toe vaynes behind so that by this accompt a horse may be let bloude in .xxxi. vaynes Al which vaynes are easie ynough to knowe bicause that euerye one lyeth in a little gutter which by feeling softly with your finger you shall finde immediatly And Vegetius sayth that if a horse be payned with any griefe in his heade ache heauinesse frensie falling euill or suche lyke then it is good to lette him bloude in the temple vaynes with a fleame If his eyes be waterishe bloude shotten or grieued with pinne webbe or hawe then it is good to strike the eye vayne with a fleame If he haue any heauinesse or wearinesse of bodye or be diseased in the throte with the stranguillon quynzy or swelling of the arters eyther within or without then it is good to let him bloude in the mouthe in the palat vaynes with a cornette If he be vexed with an ague or with any other disease vniuersally hurting his body then let him bloude in the necke vaynes If his griefe be in the lungs liuer or in anye other inwarde member then let him bloude in the breast vaynes which we called before the platte vaynes If he be grieued in the shoulder then let him bloud in the forethighe vaynes aboue the knee with a launcet and that very warely bicause that place is ful of sinewes and if he be grieued in his ioints thē let him bloude in the shakle vaynes and that warely bicause that place is also full of sinewes And if he be foyled on his forefeete by foundering or otherwise then let him bloud in the toe vaynes making waye first with your drawer or ronet in the houe to come to the vayne If he be diseased in the kydneys raynes backe or belly then let him bloud in the flanke vaynes and in his tayle if he hath any griefe in his hippes or houghes then let hym bloude in the hippe or houghe vaynes and if his hynder legges ioynts or feete be grieued then let him bloude in the shakle vaynes and toe vaynes as is before sayde The order of taking vp vaynes and wherefore it is good The Clxxx. Chapter THe order obserued by Martin is in this sort First if the horse be very curst and shrewd then cast him vpon a dounghill or some strawe then hauing found the vayne that you woulde take vp marke well that parte of the skinne which couereth the vayne pull that somewhat aside from the vayne with your leaft them be to the intent you may slitte it with a rasor without touching the vayne And cut no deeper then onely through the skinne and that longstwise as the vayne goeth and not aboue an ynche long That done take away your thombe and the skinne will returne agayne into his place right ouer the vaine as it was before Then with a cornet vncouer the vayne and make it bare and being bare thrust the cornet vnderneath it and rayse it vp so as you may put a shoemakers threede vnderneath somewhat higher then the coronet to knitte the vayne when tyme is and if your cornet had a hole in the small ende thereof to put in the threade it shoulde be the easelier done Then the cornet standing so stil slitte the vayne longstwayes that it may bleede and hauing bled somewhat from aboue then knitte it vp with a sure knot somewhat aboue the slitte suffering it to bleede onely from beneath and hauing bled sufficiently then knitte vp the vayne also beneath the slitte with a sure knot and fill the hole of the vayne with salt and then heale vp the wounde of the skinne with Turpentine and Hogs grease molten together and layd on with a little flax The taking vp of vaynes is verye necessary and doth ease manye griefes in the legges for the taking vp of the forethighe vaynes easeth Farcyns and swellings of the legges the taking vp of the shakel vaynes before easeth the quitterbone and swelling of the ioyntes scabbes cratches The taking vp of the hinder vaynes helpeth the farcyn swellings both the spauens The taking vp of the shakle vaynes behinde helpeth swelling of the ioints the paines and kibed heeles and such like diseases Of purging with purgation or Glyster The Clxxxiij Chapter PUrgation is defyned by the Phisians to be the emptying or voyding of superfluous humors annoying the bodye with their euill qualitie For suche humors breede euill iuyce and nutrimēt called of the Phisitians Cachochimia which when it wil not be corrected or holpen with good dyet alteration nor by the benefite of nature and kindly heate then it must nedes be taken away by purgation vomit or glister But for so
backe great round buttockes a long and busshye tayle a yard and stones of a meane syse one stone not hanging sider then another but trussed vppe rounde together large thighes and long hawnches behynd stronge legges great iointes aswell befor as behind short pastournes with longe fewterlockes also rounde smouth blacke harde hollow and sounding houes and finally let hys whole body together haue roundenes according to his length and be in all pointes so well proporcioned as he may seme both high of stature stronge of lym and also liuelye to the eye Thus much of his shape and now of his goodnes Hys goodnes may be partly naturall and partly artificiall neither of which can be throughly knowen but by his doynges His naturall goodnesse chiefly consisteth in his healthfulnes of body in aboundaunce of good seade in his strength agilitie swiftnes good disposition and aptenes to be taught yea and in his pace galloppinge runninge bearinge of his heade and eares all which thinges may be also much holpen by art But to reyne well to beare his heade steaddely to be ready of tourne and lyght of stoppe to handle his feete orderlye to kepe his grounde and to obey his Riders will at all assayes proceadeth rather of art then of nature which artificiall goodnes whether he hath or not the booke of rydinge doth playnely teach you how to iudge Albeit for a Stallion whiche should chieflye serue to couer Mares such artificiall goodnes is not so materiall as the naturall good thinges before mentioned amongest the which there is one chiefe point and yet cannot perfectly be knowen onles you might se him to couer a Mare that is to wete whether his seade be good or not which at that time maye verye well bee knowen in this sort Take of it betwixte your thombe and your finger or in a locke of woll and if in your fealing or towsyng of the woll it semeth to be fyrme faste and slymye it is good but if it be ouer lyquyd or waterishe it is naught and if the horse be slowe in couering or doth it not with a liuely spirite and courage or hath but one stone or gret wartes growing on his stones or haue naturally any whyte specke in any of his eyes he is not mete to be a Stallion for all the Coltes that he shall begette will haue the lyke defectes Wherefore so nigh as you can let your Stallion be without al faults Now as towching the age of the Stallion althoughe most men in these oure dayes make no matter thereof because he may get foles vntill he be .xx. or .xxx. yeares olde yea and so long as he lyueth so that he be holpen and therefore in moste places of this Realme they appoynt no horses to that vse but suche as be verye olde and therwith parhaps both lame and blynde Yet the men in the olde time made a great matter thereof and allowed no Stallion to be very good but from .v. yeres to xiiii affirming that as one perfect thing doth bryng forth another perfect so that which is vnperfect bringeth forth his lyke And as a Horse is accompted vnperfect vntil he be .v. yeares old for that his iointes before that tyme be not throughly knitte neyther is he growen to his full strength so at .xiiii yeares he beginneth againe to waxe vnperfect because that nature in hym by that tyme is sore decaied insomuch as decrepit age and death it selfe by nature doth then shortely folowe after Albeit I wyll not denye but that good kepynge and a stronge complexion may cause one horse to continue in lust and courage much longer then a nother For Albertus writeth that he knewe a Souldiour which serued in the fielde on a horse that was .lxx. yeare olde and yet was compted an able horse Niphus also saieth that the Emperour Ferdynandus the fyrst had in hys stable a horse that was .lxx yeares old And I my self haue sene stallions that haue ben .xx. yeares old and aboue that haue gotten vere fayre Coltes to the eye And yet I beleue not lyke in perfection to those that the same Stallion might haue gotten in his more lustye age for the Coltes of olde stallions for the moste parte be dull and slowe and haue tender hofes and are more subiecte to diseases and surfeites then others Wherefore I would wishe al you that would haue a perfecte race not to admitte any horse to be your Stallion that is as I sayd before vnder .v. or muche aboue .xiiii. onles he be verye lustye and stronge and therewith be verie hayle of body and lym And whilst I talke here of the horses age it is mete that I shew you also how to know the same Some seke to knowe a horses age in this sorte they pull hys skynne with their handes from his fleshe holding it so a pretye while together and then let it go againe marking whether the skinne retourneth imediately to hys place or not withoute leauinge anye sygne or wrinkle where it was touched for then they iudge the horse to be yong But if the skynne wyll not fall downe quickly agayne of his owne accord they take hym to be old and to lacke that naturall heate and warme bloude which shoulde nourishe his outwarde partes But moste men vse to iudge a Horses age by hys teeth takinge that to be the most certaine way of knowledge specially vntyll he be full seuen yeares olde and vpwarde for euerye Horse when he is two yeares olde doth caste his two former teeth aswel aboue as beneath and euery yeare after vntill he be vi yeares olde he fayleth not to caste other .ii. in like maner Then in the sixte yeare those which he first cast be closed but in the seuenth yeare all his teeth be full closed so as the marke goeth cleane out wherby a man shoulde iudge his age Notwithstanding after the Horse beginneth to enter into olde age his temples will waxe hollowe and the heare of his browes hoare and whyte his teeth also wil be greater and thicker in substaunce fowler in colour and one standinge further out or higher then another which they do not so longe as the horse is yong but stand euē and round together Thus much of the Stallion Now let vs speake somewhat of the Mare which would be also good in her doynges bewtifull and yong For as Absirtus sayeth the Mare that should be for brede would be of a cōely stature and brode set aswell behynde as before and well knitte together hauing a slender heade and a large body so as she may be sightly to the eye and not to be les then three yeres old nor much more then ten Notwithstāding some wryte that it maketh no matter though she be couered and do conceyue imediatly after that she be two yeares old and vpward so that she be ful thre yeares old at her foling For the Female kind in al beasts as they be colder of nature so they come soner to theyr perfection then
for amonge equalles is altogether loue and fellowshippe wythoute any dyscorde Wherfore you see that particions as I saide in the begīning of this boke are so nedeful in that ground which should be appointed for breding of horses as nothinge more ¶ Of the gueldinge of Coltes and for what cause they be guelt and also at what age and in what time of the yere they oughte to be guelt cap. xvii THe Coltes that doe naturally amble or maye easely be brought to it eyther by trauerse or elles by hande withoute trauerse whiche in mine opinion is the better way most men in this realme do more delyght to haue them guelte then stoned for thei loue not onely to ride easely by the way but also very faste and therewith to haue their horses so quiet as they may be easely gouerned which things are not commonly sene in stoned horses for their aboūdaunt heate will not suffer them to be so quyet nor yet to labour so farre in a day as Gueldinges maye because the guelding lacking his stones hath no suche hot blud in his body as he hadde before he loste them Yea to be guelt as some authoures write is such a Cooler as it tameth both man and beast in their greatest madnes and cleane healeth them of that disease when nothing elles will Moreouer gueldinges do not neygh so often nor so loude as stoned horses do For the which cause the Sarmatians in all their secrete enterprises and exploytes do vse to serue vpon gueldinges and not vpon stoned horses And also our light horsemē here in England do in like maner serue vpon gueldings in the warres and for that cause they do not only guelde ambling coltes but also trotting coltes which they thinke partly mete for that purpose and partely for their seruantes to ride on and to cary their males and cloke bagges after them Of bothe which sorte of gueldinges I beleue this realme hath so fayre and so many as any one coūtrey in all Christendome Wherefore I thinke it good here to show you the age and at what time of the yere and Moue it is beste to guelde such coltes And fyrste as touching the age it is beste doing when the Colt is almost .ii. yeres olde for to guelde him yōger wil hinder his growth very much Agayne if he be much elder his necke wyll waxe greate and the strynges of his stones wil be so harde and stronge as they wil not be broken but must nedes be cut which as Russius sayth is verye daungerous Albeit our gueldours here in England be so cunning and expert in that facultie as they make no matter therof for they will cutte both olde and young at what age soeuer they be and warraunt them to doe well inough And some I assure you doe euill inoughe and speciallye if the meetest tyme for that purpose as well of the yeare as of the moone be not dewlye obserued Wherfore I would wyshe you to suffer none of the guelders to take your Coltes in hande onles it be in the sprynge as in May or in the beginning of Iune or els about the fall of the leafe as also when the mone is in the wane For those two seasons are most temperate that is to say neither to hot nor to colde the excesse of either of whiche qualities is verye noysome to those that be newlye guelt and causeth manye to peake oute of the waye And therfore after that they be guelt you muste see that they go in a warme pasture and that they bee not ouermuch chased to and fro or otherwyse dysquieted but moderatelye exercised vntill they be perfectlye whole ¶ At what age in what tyme of the yeare it is best takynge vppe of Coltes to breake theym and how they ought at theyr fyrst haltering to be vsed Cap. xviii THey vse in most partes to take vppe theyr Coltes when they are but .ii. yeres and the vantage or .iii. yeres old at the most wherby theyr iointes not beynge knytte if they be not the more discretly vsed their backes may be soone swayde or pinched and besides that their legges will growe full of splentes and wyngalles and become crooked and lame before they be halfe olde Wherfore I wish that according to Federico thempeperours order no horse Colt might be taken vp to be broken before he were .iiii. yeares old and the vantage and that woulde be done in some colde season of the yeare when they maye best endure to trauell as about Octobre to thintent that after they haue bene broken in the winter season when extreame heat cannot anoy them by driuing them into faint sweates they may be suffered when spring tyme comes and plenty of grasse is vpon the ground to rest in the stable certeine dayes whilst they be scoured and fatted with grasse and so to get vp their fleshe that they lost whilest they were in breakinge of whiche scouringe and fattinge we shall treat hereafter more at large when we come to speake of the dieting of horses for the preseruing of their helth In some places as at Tutburye the Coltes are so wilde as after they be driuen into a house they are fayne to be snared with a snare made of a stronge halter comming through a ring of Iron and put vpon a long pole and so cast about that Coltes necke which should be taken vp and strained so harde as it may strangle him for the tyme before they can fasten any halter or coller vppon his head which wildnes partlye perhappes commeth for that the ground is wast and wylde for lacke of perticions as I said before in the first Chapter But chieflye for that they be neuer housed handeled nor made familier with man in theyr youth which is verye nedeful and was not omitted by the meane of olde time as I shewed you before in the .xiii. Chapter and for lacke therof many a good colt at his first taking vp through his owne stryuing is vtterly marred and maymed for euer Wherefore I wyshe them to be made domestical in their youth in such sorte as is in the Chapter before declared so shall they not nede to be forced by any such extremitye when they should be taken vp and the first coller or halter that you put on a Coltes head wold be made as Russius saith of wollen yarne or elles of horse heare and that very grosse and brode brayded to thintent it may not cut his heade when he striueth withal Moreouer vnto that halter wold be fastened .ii. strong reanes on eche side one that the Coltes head may be fast teied vnto the manger on bothe sides whereby he shal not reare nor hurt his leggs And vntil he be some what gentle and tame it shal be needfull also to set another Colt by hym that is alreadye tamed that hys keper may haue the safer accesse vnto him who must vse all gentle meanes possibly to win him and shewe him no maner of cruelty vsing often to stroke his backe
the sprightes animall doe gyue feelyng and mouyng to the bodye doe breede the turnesicke or staggers the falling euill the night mare the Appoplexye the Palsie and the convulsion or crampe the Catharr or Rheume which in a horse is called the Glaunders but firste of headeache Of Headeache The .xvij. Chapter ▪ THe headeache eyther commeth of some inward cause as of some cholericke humor bred in the panicles of the braine or els of some outward cause as of extreme heate or colde of some blow or of some vyolent sauour Eumelus sayth that it cōmeth of rawe disgestion but Martin sayth moste commonly of colde The sygnes be these The horse will hang downe his heade and also hang downe his eares his sight wil be dimme his eyes swollen and waterish and he will forsake his meate The cure Let him bloude in the palat of his mouth Also pourge his heade with this perfume Take of Garlicke stalkes a handefull all to broken in short peces and a good quantitye of Franconcense and being put into a Chaufingdish of fresh coales hold the Chaufingdishe vnder the horses nosetrilles so as the fume may ascende vp into his heade and in vsing him thus once or twice it will make him to cast at the nose and so purge his heade of all filthe Pelagonius sayth that it is good to poure into his nosetrilles wyne wherein hath bene sodden Euforbium Centuarye and Franconcense Of the Frenzy and Madnesse of a horse The .xviij. Chapter THe learned Phisitians do make dyuers kindes as well of Frenzye as of Madnesse whiche are not nedefull here to be recyted sythe I coulde neuer read in any Authour nor learne of any Ferrer that a horse were subiect to the one halfe of them Absirtus Hierocles Eumelius Pelagonius Hipocrates doe wryte simply de furore rabie that is to say of the madnesse of a horse But in dede Vegetius in his seconde booke of horseleach crafte semeth to make foure mad passions belonging to a horse intituling his Chapters in this sorte de Appioso de Frenitico de Cardiacis de Rabioso the effectes whereof thoughe I feare me it will be to no greate purpose yet to contente suche as perhaps haue reade the Authour as wel as I my selfe I will here briefely rehearse the same When some naughty bloude sayth he doth strike the fylme or pannicle of the brayne in one part onely and maketh the same grieuously to ake then the beast becommeth Appiosum that is to saye as it semeth by his owne wordes nexte following both dul of minde and of syght This worde Appiosum is a straunge word and not to be found againe in any other Authour and bycause in this passion the one syde of the heade is onely grieued the horse turneth rounde as thoughe he wente in a Myll But when the poyson of suche corrupt bloude doth infecte the mid brayne then the horse becommeth Frentike and will leape and flyng and runne against the walles And if such bloud filleth the vaynes of the stomacke or breast then it infecteth as well the heart as the brayne causeth alienation of mind the body to sweat and this disease is called of Vegetius Passio cardiaca whiche if Equus Appiosus chaūce to haue ▪ thē he becōmeth Rabiosus that is to say starke madde For sayth he by ouer much heate of the Lyuer and of bloude the vaynes and artiers of the heart are choked vp for griefe and payne wherof the horse byteth him self and gnaweth his owne flesh thus farre Vegetius Of two sortes of mad horses I beleue I haue seene my selfe here in this Realme For I saw once a blacke Sweathlande horse as I toke him to be in my Lorde of Hunnisdons Stable at Hunnisdon comming thither by chaunce with my lord Morlay which horse would stand all day long bytyng of the Maunger eate little meate or none suffring no man to approche vnto hym by which his doynges and partly by his colour and complexion I iudged him to be vexed with a melancholy Madnesse called of the Phisitians Mauia or rather Melancholia which commeth of a corrupt Melancholy and fylthy bloud or humor sometyme spread throughout all the vaynes of the body sometyme perhaps remayning only in the heade or else in the splen or places next thervnto adioyning The other mad horse was a Roane of Mayster Asheleys Mayster of the Iewell house which with his teeth crushed his Maysters ryghte forefinger in peces whylest he offered him a little hay to eat wherby he lost in a maner the vse of hys whole hande to the great griefe of all his frendes and also of all the Muses whiche were wonte to be much delighted with such passing sweete Musicke as that his fine quauering hande coulde sometime make vpon dyuerse Instrumentes but speciallye vpon the Virginalles This horse I say thoughe he coulde eate his meate drinke his drinke slepe yet if he were neuer so litle offended he would take on lyke a spright and both byte and stryke at anye man that came nygh hym ▪ yea and would byte him selfe by the shoulders moste tirribly pulling away lumpes of fleshe so brode as a mannes hande and when so euer he was rydden he was fayne to bee musled with a mussell of Iron made of purpose to kepe him from byting eyther his Ryder or him self whiche no doubt proceded of some kynde of frenzye or madnesse wherevnto the horse was subiecte by meanes that hote bloude as I take it abounded ouer much in him But now as touching the causes sygnes and cure of a horses madnesse you shall heare the opinion of olde wryters for Martin neuer toke such cure in hande Abfirtus and the other Authors before mētioned say that the madnesse of a horse cōmeth eyther by meanes of some extreme heate taken by trauelyng or long standing in hote sunne or else by eating ouer manye Fitches or by some hote bloude resorting to the pannycles of the braine or thorow aboundaunce of Choler remayning in the vaynes or else by drynking of some vnholsome water The sygnes be these he will byte the Maunger and hys owne body and runne vpō euery man that commes nygh hym he wyll continuallye shake hys eares and stare with his eyes and fome at the mouth and also as Hypocrates sayth he will forsake his meate and pyne him selfe wyth hunger The cure Cause him to be let bloude in his legges aboundantly which is done as I take it to conuert the bloude from his heade Notwithstanding it were not amisse to lette him bloude in the necke breast vaynes Then giue him this drinke Take the roote of wylde Coucumber and boyle it in harse redde wyne and put therevnto a little Nitre and giue it him with a horne luke warme or if you can get no Coucumber then take Rewe and Mynts and boyle that in the wyne It were not amisse also to adde therevnto a handefull of blacke Elleborus for that is a verye good hearbe agaynst madnesse Eumelius
sayth that if you giue him mans dong in wyne to drinke thre morninges together it will heale him also take of blacke Elleborus two or three handefull and boile it in a sufficient quantitye of strong Vyneger and therewith rubbe and chause both his head and al his body once or twice in a day for the oftner his heade is rubbed the better and often excercyse is verye profitable to all his body Some againe woulde haue the skinne of his heade to be pearced in dyuerse places with a hote Iron to let out the euill humors but if none of all this will preuayle then the last remedy is to gelde him of both hys stones or else of one at the least for eyther that wyll heale him or else nothing As touchyng the dyet and vsage of a madde horse the Authors do not agre for some would haue him kept in a close darke and quyet house voyd from all noyse which Absirtus saith wil either make him madder or else kyll him out of hande His dyet would be thin that is to say without any prouender and that day that he is let bloud receyueth hys drynke they would haue hym to faste vntyll Euen and then to haue a warme washe of Barlye meale yea me thynkes it were not amisse to feede him onelye with warme mashes and hay and that by little at once vntill he be somewhat recouered Of the sleeping euill The xix Chapter THIS is a disease forcyng the beast continually to sleepe whether he will or not taking his memory and appetyte cleane awaye and therefore is called of the Phisitians Lethargus it procedeth of abundaunce of flegme moysting the brayne ouer much It is easy to knowe by the continuall sleeping of the horse The cure of this disease according to Pelagonius Vegetius and others is in this sort Let him bloude in the necke and then giue him this drink Take of Camomyl Motherwort of eche two or thre handefull boyle them in a sufficient quantity of water and put thervnto a little wheate branne salte and Uineger and let him drinke a pynte of that euerye day the space of thre or foure dayes together It is good also to perfume and chaufe his heade wyth Tyme and Peniryail sodden together in Uinegar or with Brymstone and Feathers burned vppon a chaufing dish of coales vnder his nose and to prouoke him to neese by blowing Pepper and Perithre beaten to powder vp into his nosetrils yea and to annointe the palat of his mouth with Hony and Mustarde mingled together and in his drinke which woulde be alwayes warm water to put Parsely sede Fenel sede to prouoke vrine His legges also woulde be bathed and his Houes filled with wheate bran salte and Uineger sodden together and layd to so hote as he may endure it and in any case suffer him nor to sleepe but kepe him waking and styrring by continuall crying vnto him or pricking him wyth some sharpe thing that can not passe clene through the skinne or else by beating hym with a whip and thus doing he shall recouer Of a horse that is taken The .xx. Chapter A Horse is said to be taken when he is depryued of his feeling and mouing so as he is able to sturre no maner of waye but remayneth in suche state or fourme as he was taken in Whiche disease is called of the Phisitians by the Greeke name Catalepsis and in Laten Deprehensio or Congelatio and of Vegetius Sederatio which also calleth those beastes that haue this disease lumenta sideratitia The Phisitians say that it commeth of abundance of Flegme and Choler mixte together or else of Melancoly bloud which is a colde dry humor oppressing the hynder partes of the brayne But Vegetius sayth that it cōmeth of some extreme outwarde colde striking sodenlye into the emptye vaynes or of some extreme heate or of rawe disgestion or else of some greate hunger caused by long fasting It is easy to knowe by the discription before mentioned And as touching the cure Vegetius sayth that if it come of colde then it is good to giue him to drinke one ounce of Laserpitium with wine and oyle mixt together and made luke warme if of heate then to giue it him with water and hony it of crudite then to heale him by fasting if of hunger then by feeding him well with pease But Martin sayth that this disease is called of the Frenche men Surprius and it commeth as he sayth most chiefly of colde taken after a heate and he wissheth a horse that is thus taken to be cured in this sort First to be let bloude on both sydes of the breast and then to be put in a heate eyther by continuall sturring and molesting hym or else if he will sturre by no meanes then to bury him all saue the heade in a warme donghill and there to let hym lye vntill his lymmes haue some feeling And before you so bury him it shall be good to giue him this drinke Take of Malinesy thre pyntes and put thervnto a quarterne of Suger and some Cynamon and Cloues and let him drinke it good and warme and vntyll he be perfectly whole let him be kepte warme and often excercysed and walked vp and downe in the stable and thinlye dyeted and drinke nothing but warme water wherein if you put fome Fenell and Perslye seede to prouoke him to vryne it shall bee the better And if he cannot dong let him be raked and haue a glister made of the broth of Mallowes and freshe butter Of the Staggers The .xxi. Chapter THis is a doosinesse of the head called of the Latens Vertigo and of the Italians as I remember Capistura It commeth of some corrupte bloude or grosse and toughe humors ▪ oppressing the braine from whence proceedeth a vaporous sprighte dissolued by a weake heate which troubleth al the heade The sygnes be these dymnesse of fight the reeling and staggering of the horse who for very payne will thrust his heade agaynst the walles and forsake his meate The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude in the temple vaynes and then with a knife make a hole of an ynche long ouerthwarte his foreheade hard vnderneath his foretoppe and rayse the skyn with a cornette thrusting it vpwarde towardes the headstal a good handefull and then put in a teynt dypt in Turpentyne and Hogges greece molten together renuing the taynte euery day once vntill it be whole and doe the lyke vppon the rydge of the rumpe but me thinkes it were better to do the lyke in the powle of his heade or nape of his necke for so shoulde the euill humors haue both wayes the easyer and spedyer passage And as touching hys dyet let him haue continuallye warme drinke and mashes and once a day be walked vp and downe fayre and softly to excercyse his body Of the Falling euill The .xxii. Chapter THis is a kinde of convulsion or Crampe called of the Latens by the Greke name Epilepsia in
legges and lymmes Theomnestus cured his horse as he saith by placing him in a warm stable by making a clere fyre without any smoke round aboute him and the horse not being able to open his Iawes of him self he caused his mouth to be opened and put therein soppes dypt in a confertion called Entrigon Conditum and also annointed al his body with a medicin or oyntment called Acopū the making whereof hereafter foloweth dissolued in Cypres oyle which made him to fal into a sweat and being before halfe deade and more broughte him againe to his feeling and mouing so as he did rise and eate his meate The receyt of the medicine or oyntment called Acopum TAke of Euforbium two ounces of Castoreum foure ounces of Adarces half a pound of Bdellium thre ounces of Pepper one pounde of Foxe greece two ounces of Opoponax foure ounces of Lacerpitium three ounces of Amoniacum halfe a pounde of Pygions dong as much of Galbanum two ounces of Nitrum fiue ounces of Spumanitrie three ounces of Ladanum one pounde of Perethrum and of Bay buryes of eche thre ounces of Cardamomum eyght ounces of the seede of Rewe halfe a pounde of the seede of Agnus Castus foure ounces of Parslye two ounces of the dryed rootes of Ireos or Floure de Luce fiue ounces of Isoppe and of Carpobalsamū one pound of oyle of Floure deluce and oyle de Bay of ech one pound a halfe of oyle of Spiconard three pound of Oleum Ciprinum three pounde and halfe of the oldest oyle Oliue that you can possible get sixe pounde of Pitche not smelling of the smoke one pound eyght ounces of Turpētine one pound Melte euery one of these that will melte seuerally by them selues and then myngle them together with the rest of the simples beaten into fyne powder and after that they haue bene a little boyled on the fyre take it of straine it into a fayre vessell and whensoeuer you will giue your horse any therof giue it him with wine And if with long kepyng it waxeth harde then soften it with oyle of Cypres so as it may be good thicke This confection is both a medicin also an ointement is called of the old wryters Acopum Which if it be put into a horses nosetrilles it will drawe out all noysome humors and discharge his heade of all griefe yea this medicine healeth all Convulsions coldes drynesse or withering of the body and dryueth away all werynesse and tyering Of colde in the heade The .xxvi. Chapter ACcording as the colde whiche the horse hath taken is newe or olde greate or small and also according as humors do abounde in his heade and as suche humors be thicke or thin so is the disease more or lesse daungerous For if the horse casteth lyttle or no matter out of his nose nor hath no very great coughe but is onelye heauy in his heade and perhappes lightlye cougheth nowe than it is a sygne that he is stopped in the head whiche we were wont to call the pose But if his head be full of humors congealed by some extreme tolde taken of long tyme paste and that he casteth foule filthye and stinking matter out at the nose and cougheth grieuouslye then it is a sygne that he hath eyther the Glaunders or Stranguyllion Mourning of the Chayne or Consumption of the Lungs For all such diseases do breede for the most part of the Rheume or distillation that commeth frō the head Of the cures therof we leaue to speak vntil we come to talke of the diseases in the throte minding here to shewe you how to heale the Pose or colde before mentioned Martin sayth it is good to pourge his head by perfuming him with Franconcense and also to prouoke hym to neese by thrusting two Goose feathers dypt in oyle de Bay vp into his nosetrilles and then to trotte him vppe and down the space of halfe an houre for these feathers will make him to caste immedyately at the nose Laurentius Russius woulde haue him to be perfumed with wheate Peniryall and Sage sodden well together put into a bagge so hote as may be which bag would be so close fastned to his heade that all the sauour thereof maye ascende vp into his nosetrilles and his heade also woulde be couered and kept warme and to prouoke him to neese he would haue you to binde a softe cloute annoynted with Sope or else wyth Butter and oyle de Bay vnto a stycke and to thrust that vppe and downe into hys nostrilles so hye as you may conueniently go let him be kept warme and drink no colde water Yea it shall be good for three or foure dayes to boyle in his water a lyttle Senegreke Wheat meale and a fewe Annis seedes And euery day after that you haue purged his head by perfuming him or by making him to neese cause him to be trotted vppe and downe eyther in the warme Sunne or else in the house halfe an houre which woulde be done before you water him and giue him his prouender Of the diseases in the eyes The .xxvii. Chapter HOrses eyes be subiect to diuers griefes as to be waterish or bloudshotten to be dymme of syght to haue the pyn and webbe and the haw whereof some commes of inwarde causes as of humors resorting to the eyes and some of outward causes as of colde heate or strype Of weping or watering eyes The .xxviii. Chapter THis as Laurentius Russius sayeth may come sometyme by confluence of humors and sometime by some stripe whose cure I leaue to recite bycause it doth not differ much from Martins experience here folowing Take of Pitche Rosen and Mastick lyke quantity melt them together Then with a little sticke hauing a cloute bounde to the ende thereof and dipte therein annoynt the temple vaynes on both sydes a handefull aboue the eyes as broade as a Testerne and then clap vnto it immediatly a fewe Flocks of like colour to the horse holding them close to his heade with your hande vntill they stycke faste vnto his heade then let him bloude on both sydes if both eyes be infected a handfull vnder the eyes Russius also thinketh it good to washe his eyes once a day wyth pure whyte wyne and then to blowe therein a lyttle of Tartarum and of Pomys stone beaten into fyne powder Of bloudshotten eyes for a blowe or ytching and rubbing in the eyes The .xxix. Chapter MArtin neuer vsed any other medicine than this water here folowing wherewith he did alwayes heale the foresayde griefes Take of pure rose water of Malmesy of Fenell water of eche thre sponefull of Tutia as muche as you may easely take with your Thombe and Finger of Cloues a dosen beaten into fyne powder mingle them well together and being luke warme or colde if you will washe the inwarde partes of the eye with a fether dipt therin twice a day vntill he be whole Russius sayth that to bloude shotten eyes it is good to
the soner it be taken in hand the better The cure according to Martin is thus If it be not broken rype it with a playster of Hogges greace layde vnto it so hote as maye be and make a Byggyn for the powle of hys heade to kepe it from colde which Biggen woulde haue two holes open so as his eares may stande out and renue the playster euery day once vntill it breake keping the sore place as warme as may be And if you see that it will not breake so sone as you woulde haue it then there as it is softest and moste metest to be opened take a rounde hote yron as byg as your little fynger and sharpe at the poynte and two ynches beneath that soft place thrust it in a good depenesse vpwarde so as the poynte of the yron may come out at the rypest place to the intent that the matter may discende downeward come out at the neather hole whiche woulde be alwayes kepte open and therefore taynt it with a taynt of Flaxe dypt in Hogges greace and lay a playster of Hogges greace also vpon the same renuing it euery day once the space of foure dayes which is done chiefly to kill the heat of the fyre Then at the foure dayes ende take of Turpintyne halfe a pounde cleane washed in nine sundry waters after that thorowly dryed by thrusting out the water wyth a felyce on the dyshes side then put therevnto two yolkes of Egges and a little Saffron and myngle them well together that done searche the depth of the hole with a wholle quill and make a taynt of a peece of sponge so long as it may reache the bottom and so big as it may fill the wounde and annoynt the taynt with the foresayde oyntment and thrust it into the wounde eyther with that quill or else by winding it vp with your finger and thombe by little and little vntill you haue thrust it home and then lay on the playster of Hogs greace made luke warme renuing it euery day once or twice vntill it be whole But if the swelling ceasse then you neede not to vse the playster but onelye to taynt it and as the matter decreaseth so make your taynt euery day lesser and lesser vntil the wounde be perfectly whole Of the Uyues The .xxxvi. Chapter THe Uyues be certaine kirnels growing vnder the horses eare proceding of some rank or corrupt bloud resorting to that place which within are full of little whyte graynes like whyte salte kirnelles The Italians call them Viuole which if they be suffered to growe Laurētius Russius sayth that they will grieuously pain the horse in his throte so as he shall not be able to swallow his meat nor to breath They be easy to know for that they may be felte and also sene The cure according to Martin is in this sorte Firste draw them ryghte downe in the mydst with a hote Iron from the rote of the eare so farre as the tippe of the eare wil reach being pulled downe and vnder the roote againe drawe two strykes on eche syde lyke an arrowe heade in this forme then in the midst of the first lyne launce them with a launcet and taking holde of the kirnelles with a payre of Pynsons pull them so farre forwarde as you may cut the kirnelles out without hurting the vayne that done fill the hole with white salt But Hierocles would haue them to be cured in this sorte Take a piece of Sponge sowsed well in strong Uineger binde that to the sore renuing it twice a day vntill it hath rotted the kirnelles that done launce it in the nethermoste parte where the matter lyeth and let it out and then fill it vp with salte finely brayed and the nexte day washe all the filth away with warme water and annoynte the place with Hony and Fytch flower myngled together But beware you touche none of the kirnelles with your bare finger for feare of venoming the place which is very apt for a Fistula to breede in Of the cancorous Ulcer in the nose The .xxxvii. Chapter THIS disease is a fretting humor eating and consuming the fleshe and making it all rawe within and not being holpen in tyme will eate thorow the gristle of the nose It commeth of a corrupt bloude or else of sharpe hunger ingendred by meanes of some extreme cold The signes be these He will bleede at the nose and all the fleshe within wil be rawe and filthy stinking sauours and matter will come out at his nose The cure according to Martin is thus Take of grene Corporas of Alom of eche one pounde of whyte Corporas one quarterne and boyle these in a Pottell of running water vntill a pynte be consumed then take it of and put thervnto halfe a pynte of hony then cause his heade to be holden vp with a drinking staffe and squirt into his nosetrilles with a squirte of Brasse or rather of Elder some of this water being luke warme thre or foure tymes one after another but betwixt euery drinking giue him libertye to holde downe his heade and to blowe out the fylthy matter for otherwyse perhappes you may choke hym And after this it shall be good also without holding vp his heade any more to washe and rub hys nosetrilles with a fyne cloute bounde to a whyte stickes ende and wet in the water aforesayde and serue him thus once a day vntill he be whole Of bléeding at the nose The .xxxviii. Chapter I Haue seene horses my selfe that haue bledde at the nose which haue had neyther sore nor Ulcer in their nose and therfore I can not choose but say wyth the Phisitians that it commeth by meanes that the vayne which endeth in that place is eyther opened broken or fretted It is opened many tymes by meanes that bloud aboundeth to muche or for that it is to fyne or to subtill and so pearceth thorow the vayne Againe it may be broken by some vyolent strayne cutte or blowe And finally it may be fretted or gnawen through by the sharpnesse of the bloude or else of some other euyll humor contayned therein As touching the cure Martin sayth it is good to take a pynte of redde Wyne and to put therein a quarterne of Bole Armeni beaten into fine powder and being made luke warme to poure the one halfe thereof the first day into his nosetril that bleedeth causing his heade to be holden vp so as the lyquor may not fall out and the next day to giue him the other half But if this preuayleth not then I for my parte woulde cause him to be lette bloude in the breast vayne on the same syde that he bledeth at seuerall tymes Then take Franconcense one ounce of Aloes halfe an ounce and beate them into fyne powder and mingle them thorowlye with the whytes of Egges vntill it be so thicke as Honye and wyth soft Hares hayre thruste it vppe into his nosetrill fylling the hole so full as it can not fall out or
teeth shorter running alongst them euen from the first vnto the laste turning the hollow syde of your toole towards the teeth so shal not the toole cut the insides of his cheekes the backe or rounde syde being turned towarde the foresayde cheekes and that done washe all his mouth with Uineger and salte and let him goe Why the diseases in the necke wythers and backe be declared here before the diseases in the throte The .xlvii. Chapter HAuing hytherto spoken of the diseases incident to a horses heade and to all the partes therof Naturall order requireth that we should now discend into the throte as a parte next adiacent to the mouth But for so much as the diseases in the throte haue not onely affinity with the heade but also with the Lunges and other inwarde partes whiche are many tymes grieued by meanes of distillation comming from the head and through the throte I will first speake of the diseases incident to the necke wythers and backe of a horse to the intent that when I come to talke of diseases as Rheumes and distillations doe cause I may discourse of them orderlye without interruption Of the Crycke in the necke The .xlviii. Chapter BYcause a Crycke is no other thing but a kinde of Convulsion and for that we haue spoken sufficientlye before of all the kindes thereof in the Chapter of Convulsion I purpose not here therfore to trouble you with many wordes But onely shew you Russius opinion and also Martins experience therein The Crycke then called of the Italians Scima or Lucerdo according to Russius yea and according to Martin is when the horse can not tourne his necke anye maner of way but holde it still right forth in so muche as he can not take his meate from the grounde but by tymes and that very slowlye Russius sayth it commeth by meanes of some great wayght layd on the horses shoulders or else by ouer much drying vp of the Synewes in the necke The cure wherof according to Martin is in this sorte Drawe him with a hote iron from the roote of the eare on both sydes of the necke through the middest of the same euen downe to the breast a strawe depe so as both endes may meete vpon the breast Then make a hole in his forheade hard vnder the foretoppe and thruste in a cornette vpwarde betwixt the skinne and the fleshe a handfull deepe then put in a goose feather doubled in the midest and annoynted with Hogs greace to kepe the hole open to the intent the matter may runne out the space of ten dayes But euery day during that tyme the hole muste be clensed once and the Feather also clensed and freshe annoynted and so put in agayne And once a day let him stande vppon the bitte one houre or two or be ridden two or thre Myles abrode by such a one as will beare his heade and make him to bring it in But if the Crycke be such as the horse can not hold his necke strayght but clene awry as I haue sene dyuers my selfe then I thinke it not good that the horse be drawen with a hote Iron on both sydes of the necke but onely on the contrary syde As for example if he bende his heade toward the right syde then to drawe him as is aforesayde onely on the left syde and to vse the rest of the cure as is aboue sayde and if nede be you may splent hym also with handesome staues meete for the purpose to make his necke stand ryght Of Wennes in the necke The .xlix. Chapter A Wen is a certayne kyrnell like tumor or swelling the insyde whereof is harde lyke a grystell and spongious lyke a skinne full of Wrettes Of Wens some be great some be small Againe some be very paynefull and some not paynefull at all The Phisitians say that they procede of grosse and vicious humors but Vegetius sayth that they chaunce to a horse by taking colde or by drinking of waters that be extreme colde The cure according to Martin is thus Take of Mallowes Sage and redde Netels of eche one handfull boyle them in running water and put thervnto a little butter and hony and when the hearbes be soft take them out and all to brouse them and put thervnto of oile of Bay two ounces and two ounces of Hogges greace and warme them together ouer the fire mingling them well together that done playster it vpon a pece of Leather so bygge as the Wen and lay it to so hote as the horse may indure it renuing it euery day in such sort the space of eyght dayes and if you perceyue that it will come to no heade then launce it from the middest of the Wen downewarde so depe as the matter in the bottom may be discouered and lette out that done heale it vp with this salue Take of Turpentyne a quarterne and washe it nine tymes in fayre newe water then put therevnto the yolke of an Egge and a little Englishe Saffron beaten in powder and make a taynt or rowle of Flax and dippe it in that oyntment and lay it vnto the sore renuing the same euerye day once vntill it be whole Of swelling in the necke after bloud letting The .l. Chapter THis may come of the Flegme being rustye and so causing the vayne to rancle or else by meanes of some colde winde striking sodenlye into the hole The cure according to Martin is thus First annoynt it with oyle of Camomill warmed and then lay vpon it a lyttle hay wet in colde water and binde it about with a cloth renuing it euery day the space of fiue or syx dayes to see whether it will grow to a heade or else vanishe away If it growe to a heade then giue it a slytte wyth a Launcet and open it with a Cornet that the matter may come out Then heale it vp by taynting it with Flaxe dypt in Turpentine and Hogs greace molten together dressing it so once a day vntill it be whole Howe to staunch bloude The .li. Chapter IF a horse be lette bloude when the sygne is in the necke the vayne perhaps will not leaue bleeding so sone as a man would haue it which if any such thing chaunce then Russius sayth it is good to binde therevnto a little newe horsedong tempred with chaulke and strong Uineger and not to remoue it from thence the space of three dayes or else to lay thervnto burnt Sylke Felt or Cloth for all such thinges will staunch bloud Of the falling of the Crest The .lii. Chapter THis commeth for the most part of pouertye and specially when a fatte horse falleth away sodenlye The cure according to Martin is thus Drawe his Creast the depenesse of a strawe on the contrary syde with a hote yron the edge of whiche yron would be halfe an ynch brode and make your beginning and ending somewhat beyond the fall so as the first draught may go all the way hard vpon the edge of the mayne euen vnderneath the
rotes of the same bearing your hande righte downewarde into the neckewarde then aunswere that with an other draught beneath so farre dystante from the first as the fall is brode compassing as it were all the fall but styll on the contrary side and betwixt those two draughtes right in the middest draw a thirde draught then with a button yron of an ynche about burne at eche ende a hole and also in the spaces betwixt the draughtes make dyuers holes distant thre fingers brode one from an other as this figure doth shew you that done to slake the fire annoynt it euerye day once for the space of nine dayes with a Feather dipt in fresh butter molten Then take of Mallowes and of Sage of eche one handful boyle them wel in running water and washe the burning away vntill it be rawe fleshe Then dry it vp with this powder Take of Hony halfe a pynte so muche slect Lyme as will make that hony thycke lyke paast Then holde it in a fyre pan ouer the fyre vntyll it be baken so harde as it may be made in powder sprincle that vpon the sore places Of the maunginesse in the Mayne The .liii. Chapter THe Maungynesse procedes of rancknesse of bloude or of pouertye of lowsynesse or else of rubbing where a Maungy horse hath rubbed and of filthy dust lying in the Mayne for lacke of good dressing The sygnes be aparaunt by the ytching and rubbing of the horse and the scabbes fretting both flesh and skinne The cure according to Martin is thus Take of fresh greace one pounde of Quicksyluer halfe an ounce of Brimstone one ounce of Rape Oyle halfe a pynte mingle them togyther and sturre them continually in a pot wyth a sclyce vntill the Quicksyluer be so wrought with the rest as you shall perceyue no Quicksyluer therin That done take a blunt knyfe or an olde horse-combe and scratch all the maungy places therwith vntill it be rawe and bloudy and then annoynt it with this oyntment in the sunne shine if it may be to the intente the oyntment maye sinke in or else holde before it a fyre pan or some brode barre of Iron made hote to make the oyntment to melte into the flesh And if you se that within the space of thre dayes after with this once annointing he leaue not rubbing then mark in what place he rubbeth and dresse that place agayne and you shall see it heale quicklye Of the falling of the haire of the Mayne The .liiii. Chapter IT falleth for the most part bycause it is eaten with little wormes fretting the rootes in sunder whiche according to Martin you shall remedye in this sorte Annoynt the mayne and creast with Sope then make strong Lye washe all the mayne and creast withall and that will kill the wormes within twice or thrice washing Of griefes in the Wythers The .lv. Chapter TO a horses Wythers and backe doe chaunce manye griefes and sorances whiche as Russius sayth doe sometyme procede of inwarde causes as of the corruption of humors and somtime of outward causes as through the galling and pinching of some naughty saddle or by some heauy burthen layd on the horses back or such like And of such griefes some be but superficiall blisters swellinges lyghte galles or brousinges and be easelye cured Some againe doe pearce to the verye bone and be daungerous and specially if they be nigh the backe bone let vs first then shewe you the cure of the smaller griefes and then of the greater Of Blystringes or small swellinges in the wythers or backe and of gallings The .lvi. Chapter WHen so euer you se any swelling ryse then Martin woulde haue you to bind a little hote horse dong vnto it and that will asswage it If not then to prycke it rounde about the swelling eyther with a fleame or else with a sharpe poynted knife not to deepe but so as it may pearce the skinne and make the bloud to issue forth That done Take of Mallowes or else of Smallage two or thre handfull and boyle them in running water vntill they be so soft as pappe Then strayne the water softlye from it and brose the hearbes in a Treane dishe putting thervnto a lyttle Hogs greace or else Salet oyle or shepes Sewet or any other fresh greace boyle them and stur them together not frying them harde but so as it may be softe and souple and then with a clout lay it warme vpon the sore renuing it euery day once vntill the swelling be gone For this will eyther dryue it away or else bring it to a head which lyghtly chaunceth not vnlesse there be some gristle or bone perished Russius biddeth you so sone as you see any swelling rise to shaue the place with a Rasor and to lay therevnto this playster Take a little wheate floure and the whyte of an Egge beaten together and spread it on a Linnen cloute whiche being layd vnto the swelling two or three dayes and not remoued wyll bryng it to a heade and when you come to take it of pul it away so softly as you can possibly and where as you se the corruption gathered together then in the lowest place thereof pearce it vpwarde with a sharp yron somewhat hote that the corruption may come out and annoynt the sore place euery day once with freshe butter or Hogges greace But if the skinne be only chaufed of without any swelling then washe the place with water and salte or else wyth warme wyne and sprincle this powder theron Take of vnsleyet Lyme â–ª a quantitye beaten in to fyne powder and mingle it with hony vntill it be so thick as Paast and make rolles or balles therof and bake them in a fyre panne ouer the fyre vntill they be so hard as they may be brought to powder for this is a very good powder to dry vp any galling or sore The powder of Mirre or burnt Silk Felt or cloth or of any olde post is also good for suche purposes but when so euer you vse this powder of Lyme and Hony let the place he first washed as is aforesaid Of greate swellinges and inflamations in a horses Wythers The .lvii. Chapter IF the swelling be very greate then the cure according to Martin is thus First draw rounde about the swelling with a hote yron and then crosse hym him with the same yron in this maner then take a rounde hote yron hauing a sharpe poynte and thrust it into the swelling place on ech side vpwarde toward the poynt of the Wythers to the intente that the matter may issue downewarde at both the holes That done taynt both the holes firste with a taint dipt in Hogges greace to kyll the fyre and also annoynt all the other burnt places therewith continuing so to doe vntill the swelling be aswaged renuing the taints euery day once vntill the fiery matter be fallen away and then taint him againe with washed Turpentyne mingled with yolkes of Egges and Saffron in such maner as
haue bene beforesayd renuing the taynte euery day once vntil it be whole If you see that the swelling for all this go not away then it is a sygne of some impostumation within therefore it shall be necessarye to launce it and to let out the corruptiō then take of hony halfe a pint of Uerdigreace two ounces beaten to powder and mingle it together with the hony then boyle them in a pot vntill it looke red then being luke warme make eyther a taynt or playster according as the wounde shall requyre renuing the same euery day once vntill it be whole But the sore may be so vehemente that for lacke of loking to in tyme it will pearse downewarde betwixte both shoulders towardes the intrayles which is very daungerous yea and as Russius sayth mortall bycause the corruption of the sore infecting the Lungs and heart which be the vitall partes and chiefe preseruers of life the body must nedes decay And therfore Martin would haue you to fyll the hole with the salue laste mentioned to thrust in after it a pece of sponge aswel to kepe the hole open as also to sucke out the corruption renuing it euery day once vntyll it be whole Of the hornes or harde bones growing vnder the Saddle syde The .lviii. Chapter THis is a dead skinne like a pece of leather called of the Italyans Corno that is to say a horne for that it is hard vnder hande and commeth by meanes of some strayt saddle pinching the horse more on the one syde than on the other or else on both sydes equally The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sort Annoynt them with fresh butter or Hogges greace vntill they be mollifyed and made so softe as you may eyther cutte them or pull them away and then wash the wound with mans stale or with whyte wine and dry it vp with powder of vnslect Lyme Of Wennes or knobbes growing about the Saddle skyrtes The .lix. Chapter THese be great harde knobbes growing most commonly betwixt two ribbes aparaunt to the eye which by their hardnesse seme to come of some old broose and are called of the Italians le Curte. The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First mollifye them by annointing them with hote Hogges greace euery day once or twice the space of eyght dayes and if you perceyue that it wil come to no head with this then launce it from the middle downeward that the matter may come out then taint it wyth washed Turpentine yolkes of egges saffrō mingled together as is aforesaid renuing the taint euery day once vntil it be whole Of the Nauill gall The .lx. Chapter THe Nauill gall is a broose on the backe behinde the Saddle ryght agaynst the Nauel of the horse and therof it taketh his name It commeth eyther by splytting of the Saddle behinde or for lacke of stuffing or by meanes of the hynder buckle fretting that place or else by some greate wayght layd on his backe you shal perceyue it by the puffed vp spongy fleshe loking like rotten lightes or lungs and therefore is called of the Italyans Pulmone or Pulmoncello The cure wherof according to Martin is thus Cut it round about with a sharpe knife or rasor euen to the bone leauing no rotten fleshe behinde that done Take the whyte of an Egge and salte beaten together and lay that playsterwyse vnto the sore vpon a little toawe renuing it once a day the space of two dayes Then take of hony a quarter of a pynte and of Uerdigreace one ounce beaten into powder boyle them together in a potte stirring it styll vntil it loke red and being luke warme make a playster with toawe and clappe it to the wounde washing and clensing well the wounde firste with a lyttle warme vineger or whyte wyne continuing so to do once a day vntill it begin to heale and to skin then dry it vppe by sprincling thereon this powder folowing Take of Hony a quarterne and as much of slect Lyme as will thicken the honye lyke vnto paast and in a fyre pan ouer the fyre sturre it styll vntill it be harde baked so as it may be beaten into powder but before you throw on the powder wash the wound first with warme Ueneger contynuing so to doe vntyll it bee perfectelye skynned and whole Of the swaying of the backe The .lxi. Chapter THis is called of the Italians Mal feruto and according to Russius and Martins opinions commeth eyther by some greate strayne or else by heauye burdens You shall perceyue it by the reeling and rowling of the horses hinder partes in his going whiche will folter many tymes and sway sometyme backewarde and sometyme sydelyng and be ready to fall euen to the grounde and the horse being layde is scante able to gette vppe The cure according to Martin is thus Couer his backe with a sheepes skin comming hote from the sheepes backe laying the fleshye syde next vnto his backe and laye a warme howsyng cloth vpon the same to keepe his backe as warme as may be and so let it continue vntill it begin to smell then take the olde skinne away and lay a newe vnto it continuing so to do the space of thre weekes and if he amende not with this then drawe his backe with a hote yron ryghte out on both sydes of the rydge of his backe from the pitche of the buttocke vnto a handefull within the Saddle and then agayne ouerthwart in this sorte And let euery line be an ynch dystaunt one from another and let not suche strykes be very depe but so burned as euery one may loke yellow then lay vpon the burning this charge here folowing Take of Pitch one pounde of Rosen halfe a pounde of bole Armonie halfe a pound made in powder and halfe a pinte of Carre and boyle all these together in a potte stirring it vntill euery thing be molten and thorowly mingled together then being luke warme dawbe all the burning therwith very thycke and thervpon clap as many Flockes of the horses colour as you can make to byde on and remoue it not before it fall away of it selfe and if it be in Sommer you may turne him to grasse Of weakenesse in the backe The .lxii. Chapter IT doth appeare by Laurentius Russius that there is an other kinde of weakenesse in the backe called in Italion le gotte or morsecatura de le reni that is to saye the fretting or byting of the raynes whiche as the sayde Russius sayth procedeth of abundaunce of humors resorting to that place whereby all the hinder partes of the horse do lose their feeling and strength and the horse falleth downe to the grounde yea such humors manye tymes resorting to the heart doe suffocate the same and in two or three houres do cause the horse to dye The remedy according to Russius is in this sorte Let him bloude abundantly in the necke and drawe his backe with a hote iron in such sorte as is
declared in the last Chapter He sayth also it is good to make him swim thorowe a Ryuer and to rowle him vpon the haunches nigh the huckle bones and to make the haire to growe agayne it is good as he sayth to annoint the place with Hogs greace and thre leaued grasse stamped together Of Hyde bownd The .lxiii. Chapter HYde bound is when the skinne cleaueth so faste to the horses backe that a man can not pull it from the fleshe with his hand which Ruellius calleth Coriago it commeth for the moste parte of pouerty or else when the horse after some greate heat hath bene suffered to stand long in the rayne or wette weather for that wil cause the skin to shrinke and to cling to his rybbes It is knowen by the leannesse of the horse and gauntnesse of his belly and by the fast sticking of the skinne vnto his ribbes when you pull at it with your hande The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloud on both sydes the bellye in the flanke vaynes betwixt the flanke and the girding place that done gyue him this drinke Take a quart of good white wine or else of good Ale and put therevnto thre ounces of good Salet oyle of Comen one ounce of Annis seedes two ounces of Lycoras two ounces beaten all into fyne powder and giue it him luke warme with a horne And when he hath dronke lette one standing at his huckle bone rubbe him hard with his hande alongst the backe and ouerthwart the rybbes the space of halfe an houre that done sette him in a warme stable and let him stande in litter vp to the belly and couer all his backe and rybbes with a sacke first thorowly soked in a Tub of colde water and then well and harde wrong and ouer that cast an other cloth and girde it fast with a sursingle stuffing him well about the backe with fresh strawe continuing thus to doe euery day once the space of a weeke during whiche tyme giue him no colde water but luke warme and put therein a little ground mault The wette sacke will cause the backe to gather heate of it selfe and the skin to losen from the flesh and if you will bestow more cost you may annoynt all his body with wine and oyle mingled together according to the opinions of the olde wryters whiche no doubte is a verye comfortable thing and must nedes supple the skinne and losen it from the flesh Of the diseases in the throte and lungs and why the griefes of the shoulders and hippes be be not mentioned before amongst the griefes of the withers and backe The .lxiiii. Chapter SOme perhappes would loke here that for so muche as I haue declared the diseases of the necke wythers and backe that I should also follow on now with the griefes of the shoulders and hippes But syth that such griefes for the moste parte doe cause a horse to halt and that it requireth some skill to know when a horse halteth whether the fault be in his shoulder hippe legge ioynte or foote I thinke it not good to seperate those partes a sunder specially syth nature hath ioyned them together that is to say the shoulders to the forelegges and the hippes to the hinder legges And therfore according to natures order I will treate of them in their proper place that is to say after that I haue shewed you all the diseases that be in the inwarde partes of a horses body not onely aboue the midriffe as the diseases of the throte lungs breast and heart but also vnder the Midriffe as those of the stomacke Lyuer Guttes and of all the rest And first as touching the diseases of the throte the Glaunders and Stranguyllion to all horses is most common Of the Glaunders and Stranguyllion so called according to the Italion name Stranguijlione The .lxv. Chapter MOst Ferrers do take the Glaunders and Stranguylion to be all one disease but it is not so for the Glaunders is that which the Phisitians call Tonsille and the Stranguylion is that which they call in Laten Angina in Greeke Synanchi and we commonly cal it in English the Squinācy or Quinzie Toncille is interpreted by them to be inflamations of the kirnelles called in Laten Glandes in Italion glandule whiche lye on eche syde of the throte vnderneath the rote of the tongue nigh vnto the swallowing place of whiche worde glandes or glandule I think we borrow this name Glaunders for when the horse is troubled with this disease he hath greate kyrnelles vnderneath his Iawes easy to be seene or fealte payning him so as he can not easily swallow downe his meate whiche commeth firste of colde distillation out of the heade But if such kirnels be not inflamed they will perhaps go away of them selues or else by laying a little hote horse dong straw vnto them the warmth wherof will dissolue them and make them to vanishe away But if they be inflamed they will not go away but increase and waxe greater and greater and be more paynefull euerye day than other and cause the horse to caste continually filthy and stinking matter out at his nose The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First rype the kyrnelles with this playster Take of Branne two handefull or as much as will thicken a quart of wyne or Ale then putte therevnto halfe a pounde of Hogges greace and boyle them together and lay it hote to the sore with a clothe renuing it euery day vntill it be ready to breake then launce it and let out al the matter and taynt it with a taynt of Flaxe dipte in this salue Take of Turpentyne of Hogs greace of eche like quantity and a little waxe and melt them together and renue the taynt euery day vntill it be whole Laurentius Russius sayth that this disease is very cōmon to Coltes bycause in them doth abounde fluxible moysture apt to to be dissolued with euery little heate and so turne to putrifaction and therefore if the horse be not ouer yong he woulde haue you first to let him bloude in the necke vayne and then to lay vnto the sore a ryping playster made of Mallowes Linseede Rewe Wormewood ground Iue oyle of Bayes and Dyalthea and to annoynt his throte also and al the sore place with fresh butter And the sore being rype to launce it or else to rowle it that the matter may come forth But if the kirnelles will not decrease with this then pull them away by the rootes to dry vp the vlcerous place with an oyntmente made of vnslect Lyme Pepper Brymstone Nitrum and oyle Oliue It shall be good also to purge his heade by perfuming him euery day once in suche sorte as haue bene before declared And let the horse be kept warme about the heade and stande in a warme stable and let him drinke no colde water But if you see that after you haue taken away the kirnelles the horse doth not for all that leaue casting fylthy matter at
the nose then it is to be feared that he hath some spice of the mourning of the Chyne for both diseases doe procede of one cause and therefore I thinke good to speake of it here presentlye Of the mourning of the Chyne The .lxvi. Chapter THys word mourning of the Chyne is a corrupt name borrowed of the Frenche tongue wherein it is called Mort deschyen that is to say the death of the backe Bycause many doe holde opinion that thys disease doth consume the marye of of the backe for remedy wherof they vse straunge kinds of cures For some taking it to be a Rheume go aboute to stoppe it by laying Astrictyue or byndyng charges vnto the nape of the necke Some agayne do twyne out the pyth of the backe with a long wyar thrust vp into the horses heade and so into his necke backe with what reason I knowe not Well I knowe that few horses do recouer that haue this disease Some agayne thinke that the Lungs of the horse be rotten and that the horse doth caste them out at his nose But Martin sayth that he hath cut vp dyuers horses which hath bene iudged to haue died of the mourning of the Chyne but he coulde neuer finde eyther backe or Lungs to be peryshed but onely the Lyuer and most commonly that syde of the Lyuer whiche aunswereth the nosetrill whereat he casteth whereof we wyll talke in his proper place when we come to speake of the diseases in the Lyuer The Italians doe call this disease Ciamorro the olde Authours do cal it the moyst Maladye whereof Theomnestus maketh two differences For in the one the matter whiche he doth cast at the nose is whyte and doth not smell at all and in the other that whiche he casteth is a filthy and stinking corruption They procede both of colde humors congealed in the heade but more abounding in the one than in the other by reason perhappes that the horse was not cured in tyme for of colde first commeth the Pose and the Cough then the Glaunders and laste of all the mourning of the Chyne When the horse casteth matter at the nose that is not stinking he maye be easely cured by such remedyes as haue bene before declared in the Chapter of the Pose But if the matter be very filthye and stinking then it is verye harde to cure Notwithstanding it shall not grieue me to wryte vnto you here the experience of Theomnestus and of Laurentius Russius Theomnestus cure is thus Take of water and hony called of the Phisitians Hedromel a quart and put therevnto thre ounces of oyle and poure that into his nosetril euery morning the space of thre dayes and if that doe not profite him then let him drinke euerye day or once in two dayes a quarte of olde wyne mingled with some of the medicine or rather the precious meat called of the old wryters Tetrapharmacum and that will restore him to his former estate Laurentius Russius sayth that of all diseases there is none more perillous nor more to be suspected than the Rhewine whiche commeth of colde for horses haue large Cunduits and are full of moysture and therfore if colde once enter it findeth matter inough to worke on to breede continuall distillation as well outwardlye at the nose as inwardly discending downe to the vital parts ▪ in such sorte as it doth suffocat the same The sygnes according to the sayde Russius be these The horse doth cast matter continually at the nose some tyme thin and sometime thicke his nosetrils eares and all his outwarde partes will be colde to the feeling his eyes head and all his body heauy and he will coughe and haue smal appitite to his meat and lesse to his drinke and sometyme he will tremble and shake His cure is in this sorte Purge his heade partly by perfuming him and partly by making him to neese in such sort as hath bene before taughte in the Chapter of the Pose whiche waies of perfuming purging the head as they be good so doth Russius praise these two here folowing to be most excellent The first is this Take of the stalkes of vitis Alba otherwyse called Brioni or wilde Uine two or three good handfull and broose them betwixt two stones and being so brosed put them into a Linnen bagge and fasten the bagge to the horses heade so as he may receyue the scent vp into his nosetrilles without touching the hearbe with his mouth and this will cause the humors to come downe abundantlye The seconde medicine Take of Euforbiū beaten into fyne powder thre ounces of the iuyce of Betes one pounde of Swines bloud halfe a pounde Boyle all these together vntill they be thorowly myngled lyquid lyke an oyntment and then take it from the fire and put thervnto one ounce more of Euforbium and mingle them again thorowly together and preserue the same in a boxe to vse at nedefull tymes in this sort Make two styffe long rowles or tampins of linnen cloutes or such lyke stuffe sharpe poynted lyke Suger loues which tampins are called of the Phisitians in Laten Pessi and being annoynted with the oyntment aforesayde thruste them vppe into the horses nosetrilles and let them abyde therein a prety while then pull them out you shall see such abundaunce of matter come forth at his nose as is maruellous to behold Russius also prayseth very much this medicine here folowing Take as much of the middle barke of an Elder tree growing on the water side as wil fil a newe earthen pot of a meane syse putting therevnto as much cleare water as the potte wyll holde and let it boyle vntill the one halfe be consumed then to be fylled vp againe with fresh water continuing so to do thre tymes one after an other and at the last time that the one halfe is consumed take it from the fyre and strayne it thorow a lynnen cloth Then take two partes of that decoction and one part of Hogges greace or butter and being warmed agayne together gyue the horse to drinke thereof one horne full and poure an other hornefull into his nosetrill that casteth and when so euer you giue him this medicine lette the horse be empty and fasting and kepe him without meate also two or three houres after For this is a very good drinke for any sicknesse that commeth of colde Moreouer open the skinne of his foreheade and of his temples also of his tayle with a sharpe hote yron that the corrupt humors may issue outward That done Take hote Bricks or else a pan freshe burning coales and holde it nighe vnto hys bellye and flankes to the intent they may be thorowly warmed being so warmed annoynt them all ouer with oyle de Bay or Dialthea to defende his body from the colde and let his head be well couered and all his bellye kepte warme Yea and it were good to bathe his heade sometime as Russius sayth with a bathe made of Rhewe Wormewood
being put into a bagge and tyed to his heade and if the horse will eate of it it shall doe him the more good And this perfuming in Winter seasō would be vsed about ten of the clocke in the morning when the sunne is of some heyght to the intent the horse may be walked abrode if the sunne shyne to excercyse hym moderately And vntill hys coughe weare awaye faile not to giue him warme water with a little ground Maulte And as his cough breaketh more and more so lette his water euery day be lesse warmed than other Of the dry Coughe The .lxx. Chapter THis semeth to come of some grosse and tough humor cleauing harde to the hollowe places of the lungs which stoppeth the wind pipes so as the horse cā not easly draw his breath if it continue it wyll eyther grow to the Pursick or else breake his winde altogether The sygnes be these He wil cough both often dryly and also vehementlye without voyding at the nose or mouth The cure according to Martin is in this sort Take a close earthen potte and put therin thre pyntes of strong Uineger and foure Egges shelles and all vnbroken and foure Garlick heades clene pilled broused and set the pot being very close couered in some warme donghill and there lette it stande a whole night and the next morning with your hand take out the Egges which will be so soft as sylke lay them by vntil you haue strayned the Garlycke and Uineger thorow a fayre cloth then put to that lyquor a quarterne of hony and halfe a quarterne of Sugercandye and two ounces of Lycoras two ounces of Annis seedes beaten all into fyne powder And then the horse hauing fasted all the night before in the morning betwixte seuen and eyght of the clock open his mouth with a corde and whorle therein one of the Egges so as he may swallow it downe and then immediatelye poure in after it a horne full of the foresayde drynke being first made luke warme and then cast in an other Egge with an other horne ful of drinke and so continue to do vntill he hath swallowed vppe all the Egges and dronke vp all the drinke and then brydle him and couer him with warmer clothes thā he had before and bring him into the stable and there lette him stande on the bitte at the bare racke well littered vp to the bellye the space of two houres Then vnbitte him and if it be in Winter offer him a handeful of Wheaten straw if in Sōmer giue him grasse and let him eate no hay vnlesse it be very well dusted and sprinckled with water and giue him not much thereof And therfore you shall neede to giue hym the more prouender whiche also must be well clensed of all filthe and dust and giue him no colde water the space of nine dayes And if you perceyue that the cough doth not weare away then if it be in Winter purge him with these pilles Take of larde two pounde layde in water two houres then take nothing but the cleene fatte thereof and stampe it in a morter and thereto put of Lycoras of Annis seedes of Fenegreke of eche beaten into powder three ounces of Aloes in powder two ounces of Agarice one ounce Knede these together lyke paast make thereof sixe balles as big as an Egge Then the horse hauing fasted ouer nighte giue him the nexte morning these pilles one after another annointed with hony and oyle mingled together in a Platter and to the intente he may swallowe them downe whyther he will or not when you haue opened his mouth catch holde of his tongue and holde it faste whilest you whorle in one of the pilles that done thrust it into his throte with a rowling pinne and then let his tongue go vntill he hath swalowed it downe then giue hym in like maner all the rest of the pilles let him stande on the bit warme clothed and littered the space of thre houres at the least and after that giue him a little wette hay and warme water with a little grounde Maulte in it to drinke and lette him drinke no other but warme water the space of a weke And now and then in a fayre sunnye day it shall be good to trotte him one houre abroade to breath him Of the fretized broken and rotten lungs The .lxxi. Chapter THis procedes as Absirtus and Theomnestus sayth eyther of an extreeme coughe or of vehement running or leaping or of ouer greadye drinking after greate thrist for the lungs be inclosed in a very thin film or skinne and therefore easy to be broken which if it bee not cured in tyme doth growe to appostumation and to corruption oppressing al the lungs which of the olde Authors is called Vomica and Supputatio But Theomnestus sayth that broken lungs rotten lungs be two dyuers diseases and haue dyuers sygnes dyuers cures The sygnes of broken lungs be these The horse draweth his wind short and by little at once he will turne his heade often toward the place grieued and groneth in his breathing he is afrayde to coughe and yet cougheth as though he had eaten small bones The same Theomnestus healed a frendes horse of his whose lungs were fretyzed or rather broken as he sayth by continual eating of salte with this maner of cure here folowing Let the horse haue quiet and rest then let him bloude in the haunches where the vaynes appeare most and giue him to drinke the space of seuen dayes Barlye or rather Otes soden in Goates mylke or if you can get no milke boyle it in water and put therein some thicke Collops of Larde and of Deares sewet and let him drinke that and let his common drinke in winter season be the decoction of wheat meale and in Sommer tyme the decoction of Barly and this as he sayth will binde his lungs agayne together Vegetius vtterlye disaloweth letting of bloude in any such disease as this is and also all maner of sharpe medicins for feare of prouoking the coughe by meanes whereof the broken places can neuer heale perfectly And therfore neyther his medicins nor meate woulde bee harshe but smouth gentle and cooling The best medicine that may be gyuen him at all tymes is this Take of Fengreke and of Lynsede of ech half a pounde of Gum dragant of Masticke of Mirre of Suger of Fytch floure of eche one ounce Let all these things be beaten into fyne powder and then infused one whole night in a sufficient quantity of warme water and the next day giue him a quart of this luke warme putting therevnto two or three ounces of oyle of Roses continuing so to doe many dayes together and if the disease be new this will heale him Yea and it will ease him verye muche though the disease be olde whiche then is thought vncurable And in winter season so long as he stādeth in the stable let him drinke no colde water let his meate be cleene
bloude of sucking Pigges newe slayne and some the iuyce of Leekes together with oyle and wyne myngled together Others prayse wyne and Franconcense some oyle and Rhew some woulde haue hys bodye to be purged and sente to grasse Of the Consumption of the flesh and howe to make a leane horse fatte The .lxxvi. Chapter MArtin sayth that if a horse take a great colde after a heat it will cause his fleshe to waste his skin to waxe hard dry to cleaue fast to his sides and he shall haue no appetite vnto his meate and the fillettes of his backe will fall away and all the fleshe of his buttockes and of his shoulders will be consumed The cure whereof is thus Take two sheepes heades vnfleaed boyle them in thre gallons of Ale or fayre running water vntyll the fleshe be consumed from the bones that done strayne it through a fine cloth and then put therevnto of Suger one pounde of Cynamon two ounces of conserue of Roses of Barbaries and of Cheries of ech two ounces and mingle them together giue the horse euery day in the morning a quarte thereof luke warme vntill all be spent and after euery tyme he drinketh let him be walked vp and downe in the stable or else abrode if the weather be warme and not wyndye and let him neyther eate nor drinke in two houres after and let him drinke no colde water but luke warme the space of fiftene dayes and let him be fedde by little and little with such meate as the horse hath moste appetyte vnto But if a horse be neshe tender and so waxe leane without anye apparant griefe or disease then the olde wryters woulde haue him to be fed now and then with partched wheate also to drinke wyne with his water and to eate continuallye wheate branne mingled with his prouender vntill he wax strong and he must be often dressed and trymmed and laye soft without the which thinges his meate will doe him but little good And his meate must be fyne and cleane and giuen him often and by little at once Russius sayth that if a horse eating his meat with a good appetite doth not for all that prosper but is stil leane then it is good to giue him Sage Sauyn Bay buryes Earth nuttes and Boares greace to drinke with wyne or to giue him the intrayles of a Barble or Tench with whyte wyne He sayth also that sodden Beanes mingled wyth bran and salte will make a leane horse fatte in very shorte space Of griefe in the breast The .lxxvii. Chapter LAurentius Russius wryteth of a disease called in Italian Granezza di petto whiche hath not bene in experience amongst our Ferrers that I can learne It commes as Russius sayth of the superfluity of bloud or other humors dissolued by some extreme heate and resorting downe to the breast payning the horse so as he can not well goe The cure wherof according to Russius is thus Let him bloud on both sydes of the breast in the accustemed vaynes and rowel them vnder the breast and twice a day turne the rowelles with your hande to moue the humors that they may issue forth and let hym go so rowelled the space of .xv. dayes Of the payne at the harte called Anticor that is to say contrary to the heart The .lxxviii. Chapter THis procedes of abundaunce of ranke bloud bredde with good feeding and ouer much rest Which bloud resorting to the inwarde partes doth suffocate the hart and many tymes causeth swellings to appeare before the breast whiche wil grow vpwarde to the necke and then it killeth the horse The sygnes The horse will hang downe his heade in the maunger for saking his meate and is not able to lifte vp his heade The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude on both sydes abundantlye in the plat vaynes and then giue him this drinke Take a quarte of Malmesy and put therevnto halfe a quarterne of Suger two ounces of Cynamō and giue it him luke warme Then kepe him warme in the stable stuffing him well aboute the stomacke that the winde offende him no maner of way and gyue him warme water wyth mault alwayes to drinke and giue him such meate as he wil eate And if the swelling do appeare then besydes letting hym bloude strike the swelling in dyuers places wyth your fleame that the corruption may go foorth and annoynt the place wyth warme Hogges greace and that will eyther make it to weare away or else to grow to a heade if it be couered and kept warme Of tyered horses The .lxxix. Chapter BYcause we are in hande here with the vitall partes and that when horses be tyered with ouer muche labour their vitall sprightes wax feble I thinke it best to speak of them euen here not with suche long discoursing as Vegetius vseth but brieflye to shewe you howe to refresh the poore horse hauing nede thereof which is done chieflye by geuing him rest warmth and good feeding as with warme mashes and plentye of prouender And to quicken his sprightes it shall be good to poure a little oyle and Uineger into his nosetrilles and to giue him the drinke of shepes heades recyted before in the Chapter of the consumption of the flesh yea and also to bath his legs with this bath Take of Mallowes of Sage of eche two or thre handfull and a rose Cake Boyle these thinges together and beyng boyled then put vnto it a good quantity of butter or of Sallet oyle Or else make him this charge Take of bole Armonye and of wheate flower of eche halfe a pounde and a little Rosen beaten into powder and a quart of strong vineger and mingle them together and couer all his legges therwith and if it be in Sommer turne him to grasse Of the diseased partes vnder the mydriffe and first of the stomacke The .lxxx. Chapter THe olde Authours make mention of many diseases incidente to a horses stomacke as lothing of meate spuyng vp his drinke surfetting of prouēder the hungry euyll and such lyke which fewe of our Ferrers haue obserued and therefore I will briefly speake of as many as I think necessary to be knowen and first of the lothing of meate Of the lothing of meate The .lxxxi. Chapter A Horse maye lothe hys meate through the intemperature of his stomacke as for that it is to hote or to colde If his stomacke be to hote then most commonlye it will eyther inflame his mouth and make it to break out in blisters yea and perhappes cause some canker to breede there The cure of all whiche thinges haue bene taught before But if he forsake his meate onely for verye heate whiche you shall perceyue by the hotenesse of his breath and mouth then coole his stomacke by giuing him colde water mingled with a little vineger and oyle to drinke or else giue him this drinke Take of milke and of wyne of eche one pynte and put therevnto three ounces of Mel Rosatum
windye or else in the house if the weather bee foule and by thus vsing him you shall quickly recouer him Of the hungry euill The .lxxxv. Chapter THis is a gredy desire to eate folowing some great emptinesse or lacke of meate and is called of the olde authours by the Greeke name Bulimos which is as much to say as a greate hunger proceeding as the Phisitians say at the first of some extreme outward colde taken by long traueling in colde barren places and specially where snowe aboundeth whiche outwarde colde causeth the stomacke to be colde the inwarde powers to be feeble The cure according to Absirtus and Hierocles is in the beginning to comfort the horses stomacke by giuing hym bread sopte in wyne and if you be in a place of rest to giue him wheate flower and wyne to drinke or to make him Cakes or Bailes of flower and wine kneded together and to feede him with that or with wine and Nuttes of pyne trees Hierocles sayth if anye such thing chaunce by the way whereas no flower is to be had than it shall be best to giue him wine and earth wrought together eyther to drinke or else to eate in Balles Of the diseases in the Liuer The .lxxxvi. Chapter AL the old Authours speake much of the payne in the Lyuer but none of them doe declare wherof it cōmeth or by what menes sauing that Hipocrates sayth that some horses do get it by violent running vppon some stony or harde ground I for my parte thinke that the Lyuer of a Horse is subiect to as many diseases as the Lyuer of a man and therefore may be payned dyuerslye As sometime by the intemperatenesse of the same as for that it is perhaps to hote or to colde to moyst or to dry sometime by meanes of euill humors as Cholor or Flegme abounding in the same according as the Lyuer is eyther hote or colde for heate breedeth Cholor and colde Flegme By meanes of which intemperature proceedeth all the weaknesse of the Lyuer It may be payned also sometime by obstruction and stopping and sometime by harde knobbes inflamation appostume or vlcer bredde therein sometime by consumption of the substance thereof The sygnes of heate and hote humors be these lothing of meate great thirst and losenesse of belly voyding dong of strong scent leanenesse of body The sygnes of colde and colde humors be these appetite to meate without thirst belly neither continually loose nor stipticke but betwene times no strong scent of dong nor leanenesse of body by which kind of signes both fyrst and last mentioned and such like the weakenesse of the Lyuer is also to be learned and sought out Obstruction or stopping moste commonly chaunceth by trauelling or labouring vpon a full stomacke whereby the meate not being perfectlye digested breedeth grosse and tough humors which humors by vehemence of the labour are also driuen violently into the small vaynes wherby the Lyuer shoulde receyue good nutriment and so breedeth obstructiō and stopping The signes whereof in mannes body is heauinesse and distentiō or swelling with some griefe in the right syde vnder the short ribbes and specially when he labourech immediately after meate which sygnes I beleue if it were diligently obserued were easye inoughe to finde in a horse by his heauy going at his setting forth often turning his heade to the side grieued Of an olde obstruction and speciallye if he humors be Choloricke breedeth many times a harde knob on the Lyuer called of the Phisitians Scirrhus which in mans body may be felt if the body be not ouer fatte and it is more casye for him to lye on the righte side than on the lefte bycause that lying on the left side the waight of the knob woulde oppresse the stomacke and vitall partes very sore by which sygnes me thinkes a diligent ferrer may learne whither a horse hath any suche disease or not The inflamation of the Lyuer commeth by meanes that the bloude eyther through the abundance thinnesse boyling heate or sharpnesse thereof or else throughe the violence of some outwarde cause breaketh out of the vaynes and floweth into the bodye of the Lyuer and there being out of his proper vessels doth immediatelye putrifye and is inflamed and therewith corrupteth so muche flesshye substance of the Lyuer as is imbrued withall and therefore for the most parte the hollow side of the Lyuer is consumed yea and sometime the full syde This hote bloudye matter then is properlye called an inflamation which by naturall heate is afterwarde turned into a plaine corruptiō and thē it is called an impostume which if it break out rū thē it is called an vlcer or filthy sore Thus you se that of one euil foūtaine may spring dyuers griefes requyring dyuers cures And though none of mine Authours nor any other Ferrer that I know haue waded thus farre yet I thought good by wryting thus much to giue such Ferrers as be wise discrete and diligent occasion to seeke for more knowledge and vnderstanding than is taught them and mee thinkes that it is a great shame that the Ferrers of this age should not know much more than the Ferrers of old time sith that besides that the old mens knowledge is not hidden from them they haue also their owne experience and time also bringeth euery day newe things to light But now to procede in discoursing of the Lyuer according to the Phisitians doctrine as I haue begon I say then of an inflamation in the hollow side of the Lyuer The sygnes be these Lothing of meate great thirste losenes of belly easy lying on the right side painfull lying on the left But if the inflamation be on the full syde or swelling syde of the Lyuer then the Patient is troubled with difficultye of breathing with a dry Coughe and grieuous paine pulling twitching the winde Pipe and to lye on the right syde is more painefull than on the lefte the swelling also may be felt with a mans hand But you must vnderstand by the way that all these things last mentioned be the signes of some great inflamatiō for smal inflamations haue no such sygnes but are to be iudged only by griefe vnder the short ribbes and long featching of the breath The sygnes of Appostumation is painefull and great heate The sygnes of Ulceration is decrease of the heate with feablenesse fainting For the filthy matter flowing abrode with euil vapours corrupteth the heart and many tymes causeth death The sygnes of the consumption of the Lyuer shall be declared in the next Chapter and as for the curing of all the other diseases before mentioned experience muste firste teach it ere I can write it Notwithstanding I can not thinke but that suche things as are good to heale the like diseases in mans body are also good for a horse for his Lyuer is lyke in substaunce and shape to a mans Lyuer differing in nothing but onely in greatnesse And therefore I would wishe
you to learne at the Phisitians handes whiche I am sure first as touching the weakenesse of the Lyuer proceding of the vntemperatenesse therof wyll bid you to heale euery suche vntemperatenesse by his contrary that is to say heate by colde and drynesse by moysture and so contrary And therefore it shall be very necessarye for you to learne the qualities natures and vertues of hearbes drugs and all other simples and howe to applye them in time And for to heale the obstruction of the Lyuer they will councel you perhaps to make to the horse drinkes of such simples as these be Agrimony Fumitory Camamill Wormewoode Lycoras Annis seedes Smallage Perslye Spicknard Gentian Succory Endiue Sperage Lupius the vertues wherof you shal learne in the Herbals but amōgst all simples there is none more praysed than the Lyuer of a Wolfe beaten into pouder mingled in any medicine that is made for any disease in the Lyuer The cure of an inflamation consisteth in letting bloude and in bathing or fomenting the sore place with such hearbes oyles as may mollifie disperse humors abrode wherewith some simples that be astringent would be alwayes mingled yea and in all other medicins that be applyed to the Lyuer for any maner of disease Simples that mollify and disperse be these Linesede Fengreke Camamill Annis seedes Melilot such like things Simples astringent be these Redde Rose leaues Brimble leaues Wormewode Plantayne Myrrh Masticke Styrax and suche like Appostumes are to be ryped and voyded Ulcers must be clensed scowred downewarde eyther by the belly or by vrine and therefore the vse of suche simples as prouoke vrine in such cases is necessary The old wryters of Horseleach crafte do saye that when a horse is grieued in his lyuer he will forsake his meate his body will wast his mouth will be dry his tong rough and harshe yea and it wyll swell and he wil refuse to lye on that side where his griefe is The cure whereof according to Absirtus is in this sorte Let him drinke stampt Ireos with wine allayed with water He prayseth also an hearbe much like vnto Calamynt called of Plinie Polimonia or let him drinke Sauery with wine and oyle I thinke that Agrimony or Lyuer wort is as good as the best of them Absirtus woulde haue his body to be chaufed with wine and oyle mixte together and to be well littered that he may lye softe and his prouender that should be giuen him to be styped first in warm water and nowe and then some Nytrum to be put in his drinke Of the consumption of the Lyuer The .lxxxvij. Chapter I Beleue that no inward member of a Horse doth suffer so muche as the Lungs and Lyuer and that not so much by continuall as by vnordinate and vntimely trauell labor and exercise whereby eyther the Horses Lungs or his Lyuer doe moste commonly perishe and is consumed yea and sometyme both Of the consumption of the Lungs we haue talked sufficientlye before Therefore let vs shewe you here the causes wherof the consumption of the Lyuer procedeth The Phisitians say that it maye come of anye humor but chiefly and most commonlye of Choloricke matter shead thorowout the substance of the Liuer which putrifying by little and little and laysurely doth at length corrupt and perishe all the substance of the Lyuer which thing in mannes body doth first proceede as the Phisitians say eyther by eating corrupt meates or else by continual drinking of swete wynes But me thinkes that the consumption of a horses Lyuer shoulde come by some extreme heate inflaming the bloud which afterwarde being putrifyed doth corrupte and exulcerate the substance of the Lyuer For after inflamation as I sayde before commeth appostumation and then exulceration which is very hard to cure bycause the substāce of the Lyuer is spongious lyke vnto the Lungs whylest the Lyuer is so corrupted there can be no good digestion for lacke whereof the body receyueth no good nutriment and therefore must nedes also languish and consume The sygnes according to Martin be these The horse wil forsake his meate and will stande stretching him selfe in length and neuer couet to lye downe and his breath wyll be so strong as no man can abide it and he will continually cast yealowishe matter at the one nosetrill or else at both according as one or both sides of the Lyuer is corrputed and on that syde that he casteth he will haue vnder hys iawe euen about the midst thereof a knob or kirnell as muche as a Walnut which when Martin findeth he committeth his carcasse to the Crowes taking him to be past cure But if he were let bloude in time and had such drinkes giuen him as are good to comfort and strengthen the Lyuer he thinketh that the horse might be recouered I neuer red any medicine for the wasting of the Lyuer as I remember but this onelye dyet which I founde in an olde English booke Let him drinke for the space of three dayes no other thing but warme wort and let him eate no other meate but Otes baked in an Ouen and let him stande meatelesse the firste night before you giue him the wort But I thinke it were not amisse to put into the worte that he drinketh euery morning some good confection or pouder made of Agrimony red Rose leaues Saccharū Rosaceum Diarchadon Abbatis Diasantalon Lycoras and of the Lyuer of a Woulfe and such other simples as doe comfort strengthen the Lyuer or else to giue him the same things with Goates milke luke warme Of the diseases in the Gall. The .lxxxviij. Chapter IN my opinion the Gall of a Horse is subiect to dyuers diseases as well as the Gall of a man as to obstruction whereof commeth fulnesse and emptynesse of the Bladder therof and also the stone in the Gal. But obstruction may chaunce two maner of wayes First when the way wherby the Cholor should proceede from the Lyuer vnto the Bladder of the Gall as vnto his proper receptacle is stopped thereby the Bladder remayneth empty whereof may spring dyuers euill accidents as vomiting the laxe or bloudy Flyx Secondlye when the way wherby such Cholor should issu forth of the Bladder of the Gall downe into the Guttes is shutte vp whereby the Bladder is ouer full and aboundeth with to muche Cholor whiche causeth heauinesse suffocatiō belking heate thirst and disposition to angrynesse The signes of both kindes of obstruction in the Gall is costluenesse and yealowishnesse of the skinne infected with the yeallow Iaundis The stone in the gal which is somewhat blackishe proceedeth of the obstruction of the cunduyts of the Bladder whereby the Cholor being long kept in waxeth dry and turneth at length to harde grauell or stones whereof bycause there is neyther sygnes nor any grieuous accident knowē to the Phisitians I leaue to talk any further therof and the rather for that none of my Authours do make any mention of the Gall at all
Notwithstāding to giue some lighte vnto the vnlearned Ferrers and that they may the better vnderstande the inwarde parts of a horse I thought good to write thus much thinking it no tyme loste whyle I may profite them any way Of the diseases in the Splene The .lxxxix. Chapter THe splene as I said before in the kepers office is the receptacle of Melācholy and of the dregges of the bloude and is subiecte to the like diseases that the Lyuer is that is to say to swelling obstruction harde knob and inflamation for the substaunce of the splene is spongious and therfore apt to sucke in all filth and to delate it selfe wherefore being full it must nedes swell which will appeare in the left syde vnder the short rybbes such swelling causeth also shortnesse of breath and specially when the body doth labour or trauayle It is painefull also to lye on the ryghte syde bycause the splen being so swollen oppresseth the midriffe and speciallye when the stomacke is full of meate and the Pacient hath worse digestion than appetyte is troubled with muche winde both vpwarde and downewarde Moreouer the vapour of the humor doth offende the harte making it faint and causeth all the body to be heauy and dull and if such swelling be suffered to go vncured then if it be a Melācholy humor and abounding ouermuche it waxeth euery day thicker and thicker causing obstruction not onely in the vaynes and artires which is to be perceyued by heauinesse and griefe on the left syde but also in the splen it selfe whereas by vertue of the heate it is hardned euery day more and more and so by little and little waxeth to a harde knob which doth not onely occupye all the substance of the splen but also many tymes all the lefte syde of the wombe and thereby maketh all the euill accydentes or griefes before recited muche worse than they were Now as touching the inflamatiō of the splen whith chaunceth very seldom for so much as euery inflamation procedeth of pure bloude which seldome entreth into the splen I shall not nede to make many words but refer you ouer to the Chapter of the Lyuer for in suche case they differ not but proceeding of like cause haue also lyke sygnes and do requyre lyke cure The olde wryters say that horses be often grieued with griefe in the splen and specially in Sommer season wyth gredy eatyng of sweete greene meates and they call those horses Lienosos that is to say splenticke The signes wherof say they are these hard swelling on the left side short breath often groning and gredy appetite to meate The remedy whereof according to Absirtus is to make the horse to sweate once a day during a certaine tyme by ryding him or otherwyse traueling hym and to poure into his lefte nosetrill euery day the iuyce of Mirabolaus mingled with wyne and water amounting in all to the quantitye of a pynte But me thinkes it would do him more good if he dranke it as Hierocles would haue him to do Eumelius prayseth this drinke Take of Cumyn seede and of hony of ech sixe ounces and of Lacerpitium as much as a beane of Uineger a pinte and put al these into three quartes of water and let it stande so all night and the next morning giue the horse to drinke thereof being kept ouernight fasting Theomnestus prayseth the decoction of Capers specially if the barke of the roote thereof may be gotten sodē in water to a Syrop or else make him a drinke of Garlycke Nytrum Horehounde and wormewode soden in harshe wine and he would haue the lefte syde to be bathed with warme water to be harde rubbed And if all this will not helpe then to giue hym the fyre which Absirtus doth not allowe saying that the splen lyeth so as it can not be easly fyered to doe him any good But for so much as the Lyuer and splen are members much occupyed in the ingēdring and seperating of humors many euill accydents and griefes doe take their first beginning of them as the Iaūdis called in a horse the yealows drynesse of body and consumption of the flesh with out any apparaunt cause why whiche the Phisitians call Atrophia also euill habit of the body called of them Cachexia and the Dropsy But first we wyll speake of the Iaundis or yealows Of the yealows The .xc. Chapter THe Phisitians in mans body do make two kinds of Iaundis that is to say the yeallow proceeding of Cholor dispersed thorowe out the whole body and dying the skin yeallow and the blacke proceding of Melancholy dispersed like wise thorowout the whole bodye and making all the skinne blacke And as the yeallow Iaundis commeth for the most parte eyther by obstruction or stopping of the conduits belonging to the bladder of the Gall which as I sayde before is the receptacle of Cholour or by some inflamation of the Lyuer whereby the bloude is conuerted into Cholour and so spreadeth thorowout the body euen so the blacke Iaundis commeth by meanes of some obstruction in the Lyuer vayne that goeth to the splene not suffering the splene to do his office in receyuing the dregges of the bloude from the Lyuer wherein they abounde to much or else for that the splen is already to full of suche dregs and so sheadeth them backe agaime into the vaynes But as for the blacke Iaundis they haue not bene obserued to be in horses as in men by any of our Ferrers in these dayes that I can learne And yet the olde writers of horseleach crafte doe seme to make two kindes of Iaundis called of them Cholera that is to say the dry Cholor and also moyst Cholor The signes of the dry Cholor as Absirtus sayth is great heat in the body and costiuenesse of the belly whereof it is sayde to be dry Moreouer the horse will not couet to lye downe bycause he is so payned in his body and his mouth will be hote and dry It commeth as he sayth by obstruction of the conduit wherby the Cholor should resorte into the bladder of the Gall and by obstruction also of the vrine vessels so as he can not stale The cure according to his experience is to giue him a glister made of Oyle water and Nytrum and to giue him no prouender before that you haue raked his fundament and to poure the decoction of Mallowes mingled with sweete wyne into his nosetrels let hys meate be grasse or else sweete hay sprinckled with Nytre and water and he must rest from labor be often rubbed Hierocles would haue him to drinke the decoction of wilde Coleworts sodden in wine Againe of the moist Cholor or Iaundis these are the signes The horses eyes will looke yeallow and his nosetrilles wil open wyde his eares and his flanks wil sweat and his stale will be yeallow and Choloricke and he will grone when he lyeth downe which disease the sayde Absirtus was wonte to heale as he sayth by giuing
the horse a drinke made of Tyme Comin of ech lyke quantity stampt together mingled with wyne hony and water and also by letting him bloude in the pastornes This last disease seemeth to differ nothing at all from that which our Ferrers call the yeallows The signes wherof according to Martin be these The horse will be faint and sweat as he standeth in the stable and forsake his meate and his eyes and the inside of his lippes and all his mouth within wil be yeallow The cure whereof according to him is in this sorte Let him bloud in the necke vayne a good quantity and thē giue him this drinke Take of white wyne or of Ale a quart put thervnto of Saffron of Turmerike of eche halfe an ounce and the iuyce that is wrōg out of a great handefull of Selondine and being luke warme giue it the horse to drinke and kepe him warme the space of thre or foure dayes giuing him warme water with a little branne in it Of the euill habit of the body and of the Dropsie The .xci. Chapter AS touching the drynesse and consumption of the fleshe without any apparant cause why called of the Phisitians as I sayd before Atrophia I know not what to say more than I haue done already before in the Chapter of Consumption of the flesh and therefore resorte thyther and as for the euill habitte of the body which is to be euill coloured heauy dull and of no force strength nor lyuelinesse commeth not for lacke of nutryment but for lacke of good nutriment for that the bloud is corrupted with Flegme Cholor or Melancholy proceding eyther from the splene or else through weakenesse of the stomacke or Lyuer causing euill digestion or it may come by fowle feding yea and also for lacke of moderate exercyse The euill habit of the body is nexte cosyn to the Dropsye wherof though our Ferrers haue had no experience yet bycause mine olde Authors wryting of horse leache craft do speake much therof I thinke it good here briefly to shewe you their experience therein that is to say howe to knowe it and also howe to cure it But sith none of them do shew the cause wherof it procedes I thinke it mete firste therefore to declare vnto you the causes thereof according to the doctrine of the learned Phisitians which in mans body do make thre kinds of Dropsyes calling the first Anasarca the second Ascites and the thirde Timpanias Anasarca is an vniuersall swelling of the body throughe the aboundaunce of water lying betwixt the skin and the fleshe and differeth not from the disease last mentioned called Cachexia that is to say euyll habit of the body sauing that the bodye is more swollen in this than in the Cachexia albeit they procede both of like causes as of coldenesse weakenesse of the Lyuer or by meanes that the heart splen stomacke and other mēbers seruing to digestiō be grieued or diseased Ascites is a swelling in the couering of the belly called of the Phisitians Abdomen cōprehending both the skin the fat eyght Muscles and the fylme or panicle called Peretoneum throughe the aboundaunce of some wayish humor entred into the same which be sydes the causes before alleaged proceedeth moste chieflye by meanes that some of the vessels within be brokē or rather cracked out of the which though the bloud being somwhat grosse can not issue forth yet the wayish humor being subtill may run out into the belly lyke water distilling through a cracked potte Timpanias called of vs moste commonly the Timpany is a swelling of the foresayde couering of the belly through the aboundance of winde entred into the same whiche winde is ingendred of crudity and euill digestion and whylest it aboundeth in the stomacke or other intrayles finding no issue out it breaketh in violently through the small conduits amongst the pannicles of the sayd couering not without great paine to the pacient so by tossing to and fro windeth at length into the space of the couering it selfe But surely such winde can not be altogether voyd of moysture Notwithstanding the body swelleth not so muche with this kinde of Dropsye as in the other kinde called Ascites The sygnes of the Dropsye is shortnesse of breath swelling of the body euill Colour lothing of meate and great desire to drinke and specially in the Dropsye called Ascites in which also the belly will sound like a Bottle halfe full of water but in the Timpany it will sounde lyke a Tabor But nowe though mine Authours make not so many kindes of Dropsyes yet they say all generally that a horse is much subiect to the Dropsye The sygnes according to Absirtus and Hierocles be these His belly legges and stones will be swollen but his backe buttockes and flankes will be dryed and shronke vp to the verye bones Moreouer the vaynes of his face and temples and also the vaynes vnder his tongue will be so hidden as you can not see them and if you thrust your finger harde against his body you shall leaue the printe therof behinde for the fleshe lacking naturall heate will not returne againe to his place and when the horse lyeth downe he spreadeth him selfe abrode not being able to lye rounde togyther on his belly and the haire of his backe by rubbing will fall away Pelagonius in shewing the signes of the Dropsye not much differing from the sygnes of the Phisitians firste recited seemeth to make two kindes therof calling the one the Timpany whiche for difference sake may be called in Englishe the winde Dropsye and the other the water Dropsye Notwithstanding both haue one cure so farre as I can perceyue whiche is in this sorte Let him be warme couered and walked a good while together in the sunne to prouoke sweate and let all his body be well and often rubbed alongst the haire and let him fede often on Colewortes Smallage and Elming bowes and of all other things that may loosen the belly or prouoke vrine and let his common meate be grasse if it may be gotten if not then hay sprinckled with water and Nitrum It is good also to giue him a kinde of pulse called Cyche steeped a day and a night in water and then takē out and layde so as the water may drop away from it Pelagonius woulde haue him to drinke Parslye stampte with wine or the roote of the hearb called in Latin Panax with wine But if the swelling of the belly wil not decrease for all this then slitte a little hole vnder his belly a handfull behind the Nauill and put into that hole a hollow Reede or some other Pype that the water or wind may go out not all at once but by little and little and at dyuers times and beware that you make not the hole ouerwide least the Caule of the belly fall downe therevnto and when all the water is cleane runne out then heale vp the wounde as you doe all other woundes and let the Horse
the sauor whereof will greatly prouoke hym to stale as hath bene aforesayde Of pissing bloude The .xcix. Chapter PElagonius sayth that if a horse be ouer much laboured or ouer charged with heauy burthen or ouer fat he will many tymes pisse bloude and the rather as I thinke for that some vayne is broken within the horses body and then clere bloude will come forth many tymes as the Phisitians say without any pisse at all But if the bloud be perfectly mingled together with his stale then it is a sygne that it commeth from the kidneys hauing some stone therin which through vehement labour doth fret the kydneys vaynes thereof so causeth them to blede through which whylest the vrine passeth muste nedes be infected dyed with the bloud It may come also by some strype or from the muscle that incloseth the necke of the bladder The cure according to Pelagonius Absirtus Hierocles and the rest is thus Let the horse bloud in the Palat of the mouth to conuert the bloud the cōtrary way Then take of Tragagāt that haue bene steeped in wyne halfe an ounce and of Popy seede one dram and one scruple and of Styrax as muche and .xij. Pyneaple kyrnels Let all these things be beaten and mingled well together and giue the horse therof euery morning the space of seuen dayes the quantity of a Hasell nut distempered in a quart of wyne me thinks that the quantitye of a Walnut were to little for so muche wine Some write that it is good to make him a drinke with the roote of the hearbe Asphodelus which some call Daffadyll mingled with wheat flower Sumach sodden long in water and so to be giuen the horse with some wyne added therevnto or make him a drinke of Goates milke and Oyle strayning therevnto a little Fromenty Anatolius sayth that it is good to giue the Horse three dayes together sodden Beanes cleane pilled wherevnto would be added some Deres sewet and a little wyne Of the Colt euill The C. Chapter THis name Colt euill in my iudgement doth properly sygnifye that disease which the Phisitians call Priapismus which is a continuall standing together with an vnnaturall swelling of the yard proceeding of some winde filling the artiers and hollow synewe or pype of the yarde or else through the abūdance of sede which do chaūce oft tymes to man and I thinke sometime to stoned horses Notwithstāding Martin sayth that the Colt euill is a swelling of the sheathe of the yarde and the part of the belly there about caused of corrupte seede comming oute of the yarde and remayning within the sheath where it putrifyeth And Geldings moste commonly are subiect to this disease not being able for lacke of naturall heate to expell their seede any further For horses as Martin sayth are seldome troubled with this disease bycause of their heate vnlesse it be when they haue bene ouer trauayled or otherwise weakened The cure according to him is thus Washe the sheath cleane within with luke warme Uineger then drawe out his yarde and washe that also That done ryde him into some running streame vppe to the belly tossing him therein to and fro to allay the heate of the mēbers and vse him thus two or three dayes and he shal be whole Of the mattering of the yarde The Ci. Chapter IT commethe at couering tyme when the Horse Mare both are ouer hote and so perhaps burn them selues The cure according to Martin is thus Take a pinte of whyte wyne and boyle therein a a quarterne of roche Alome and squirt thereof into his yearde three or foure squirtfull one after an other and thrust the squyrt so farre in as the lyquor may perce to the bottom to scoure away the bloudy matter continuing thus to doe once a day vntyll he be whole Of the sheading of séede The Cij Chapter THis disease is called of the Phisitians Gonorrhea which may come some tyme through abundaunce and rancknesse of seede sometyme by the weaknesse of the stones and seede vessels not able to retayne the seede vntill it be digested and thickned Vegetius sayth that this disease wil make the horse very faint and weake specially in sommer season for cure wherof the sayd Vegetius would haue the horse to be ridden into some colde water euen vp to the belly so as his stones may be couered with water and then his fundament being first bathed with warme water or oyle he woulde haue you to thruste in your hande and arme euen to the very bladder and softly to rubbe and clawe the same and the partes there aboutes whiche be the seede Uessels That done to couer him warme that he take no colde and euery day he woulde haue you to giue the horse Hogges dong to drinke with red wyne vntil he be whole I for my part if I thought that it came of weakenesse as is afore sayde which I would iudge by the waterishnesse of the seede vnlustinesse of the horse would giue him red wine to drinke and put therein a little Acatium the iuyce of Plantain and a little Mastick bath his backe with red wine oyle of Roses mingled together Of the falling of the Yarde The Ciij Chapter IT commeth as I take it thorow the weakenesse of the member by meanes of some resolution in the muscles synewes seruing the same caused at the first perhaps by some great strayne or strype on the backe It may come also by wearynesse and tyering For remedy whereof Absirtus was wonte to washe the yarde with salte water from the Sea if it might be gotten if not wyth water and salt and if that preuayled not he would all to pricke the outmost skinne of the yarde wyth a sharpe nedle but not deepe and then washe all the prickes with strong Uineger and that did make the horse as he sayeth to draw vp his yarde againe immediately yea and this also will remedy the falling out of the fundament Pelagonius would haue you to put into the pype of his yarde hony and salte boyled together and made lyquid or else a quicke Flye or a graine of Franconsence or else a cloue of Garlicke clene pilled and somewhat broused and also to poure on his backe Oyle Wyne and Nytre made warme mingled together But Martins experience is in this sort First wash the yarde with warme whyte wyne then annoynt it with oyle of Roses hony mingled together and put it vp into the sheath and make him a Codpiece of Canuas to kepe it still vp and dresse him thus euery day once vntill he be whole And in any case let his backe be kept warm eyther wyth a double cloth or else with a charge made of bole Armeny Egges wheate flower Sanguis Draconis Turpentyne and Uineger or else lay on a wet sack which being couered with an other dry cloth wil kepe his backe very warme Of the swelling of the Codde and stones The Ciiij Chapter ABsirtus sayth that the
so to doe euery day once vntil it be whole How to know when a horse halteth before in what parte his griefe is The Cix Chapter BEing nowe come to talk of the griefes in the shoulders legges hips houghes ioyntes and houes causing the horse moste commonly to halte I thinke it good first to shewe you the way how to finde in what part of his legges the horse is grieued when he halteth eyther before or behinde And firste you haue to consider that if a horse halteth before it must be eyther in his shoulders in his legges or in his feete If it be in his shoulders and new hurt the horse wil not lift that legge but traile it nighe the grounde If it be olde hurte he wil cast that legge further from him in his going than the other and if he be turned on the sore syde then he will halte so much the more If a horse halteth in the legge it is eyther in the knee in the shanke or in the pastorne ioynt if it be eyther in the knee or pastorne ioynt he will not bowe that in his goyng like the other but goe very stifly vpon it If he halteth in the shanke then it is by meanes of some splent wingall or suche apparant griefe apt to be sene or felt If he halt in the foote it is eyther in the cronet hele in the toe in the quarters or sole of the foote If it be in the cronet the griefe will be apparant the skin being broken or swollen some maner of way If in the hele as by ouer reache or otherwise then he will treade most on the toe if vpon any of the quarters thē going on the edge of a bank or hilly ground he will halt more than on the plaine ground and by the horses comming towardes you and going from you vpon suche edge or banke you shal easely perceyue whether his griefe be in the inwarde quarter or outward quarter The quarter is to be vnderstande from the mid houe to the hele If he halte in the toe which is not commonly sene then he will tread more vpon the hele If his griefe be in the sole of the foote then he will halte all after one sort vpon any ground vnlesse it be vpon the stones And to be sure in what parte of the foote the griefe is it shall be good first to make him go vpon the plaine ground and then vpon a harde and stony ground yea and also banky ground Thus hauing declared vnto you in generall howe to knowe in what parte a horse is grieued when he halteth before I thinke it mete first to shew you orderly al the particuler griefes and sorances whervnto the fore partes of a horse are subiect together with the causes sygnes and cure thereof That done I will speake of halting behinde and shew you first generally where the griefe is and then perticulerly declare vnto you euery griefe incident to the hinder partes of a horse And lastely I will speake of such griefes and sorances as are commō to both parts that is to say as well to the forelegges and forefete as to the hinder legges and hinder fete Of the griefe and pinching in the shoulder The Cx. Chapter THis commeth eyther by labouring and strayning the horse to yong or else by some great burthē You shall perceyue it by the narrownesse of the brest and by consuming of the fleshe of the shoulders in so much as the fore part of the shoulder bone will sticke out be a great deale higher then the fleshe And if it be of long continuance he will be very hollow vpō the brisket towardes the armeholes and he will go wyder beneath at the feete then aboue at the knees The cure according to Martin is thus Giue him a slit of an inch long with a sharpe knife or Rasor vpon both sydes an ynche vnder the shoulder bones Then with a Swannes quill put into the slitte blowe vp firste the one shoulder and then the other as bigge as you can possibly euen vp to the wythers and with your hand stryke the wind equally into euery place of the shoulders And when they be both full then beat all the windy places with a good hasell wand ouer all the shoulder Then with a flatte sclise of yron loosen the skinne within from the fleshe That done rowell the two slits or cuttes with two round rowels made of the vpper leather of an olde shooe with a hole in the middest that the matter may issu forth and let such rowels be thre inches brode and so put in as they may lye playne and flatte within the cut Then make a charge to lay vpon the same in this sorte Take of Pytch of Rosen of eche one pounde of Tarre halfe a pinte boyle these things all together in a pot and when it is somewhat cooled take a sticke with a wollen clout bound faste to the one ende thereof and dippe it into this charge and couer or daube all the shoulders therewith That done clappe therevnto a pounde of Floxe of such colour as the horse is or as nighe vnto the same as may be euery other day clense both the woundes and rowels put them in againe continuing thus to doe the space of .xv. dayes Then take them out heale vp the wounds with two taynts of Flax dipt in Turpentine and Hogs grease molten together renuing the same euery day once vntill the wounds be whole But let the charge lye still vntill it fall away of it selfe and let the horse runne to grasse vntill he hath had a frost or two Of wrinching the shoulder The Cxi Chapter THis commeth sometyme by a fall and sometime by turning to sodenly in some vneuen ground or by to rashe running out at some dore or by some strype of an other horse or by some sodayne stoppe in passing a Carrier You shall perceyue it in his going by trayling his legge vppon the ground so close vnto him selfe as he can possible The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude the quantity of thre pintes on the brest in the plat vaine receyuing the bloud in a pot and thervnto put first a quart of strōg Uineger halfe a dosen brokē egges shelles al so much wheate flower as will thicken all that lyquor That done put thervnto of bole Armeny beaten into fine pouder one pounde of Sanguis Draconis two ounces and mingle them all together so as the flower may not be perceyued and if it be to stiffe you may make it more lyquid or softe with a little Uineger Then with your hande daube all the shoulder from the mayne downewarde and betwixt the forebowels all against the haire and let not the horse departe out of that place vntill the charge be surely fastned vnto the skinne That done cary him into the stable and tye him vp to the racke and suffer him not to lye downe all that day giue him a little meate dyeting him
bloud in both the breast vaynes reseruing the bloude to make a charge withall in this maner Take of that bloud two quartes and of wheate flower halfe a Pecke and sixe egges shelles and al of bole Armeny halfe a pound of Sanguis Draconis half a quartern and a quarte of strong Uineger Mingle them all together and charge al his shoulders breast back loynes and forelegges therewith and walke him vpon some hard ground suffering him not to stand still and when the charge is dry refreshe it againe And hauing walked him three or foure houres together leade him into the stable and giue hym a little warme water with ground mault in it then a litte hay and prouender and then walke him againe eyther in the house or else abrode and continue thus to doe the space of foure dayes and when all the charge is spent couer him well with a housing cloth and let him both stande and lye warme and eate but little meate during the foure dayes But if you see that at the foure dayes end he mendeth not a whit then it is a sygne that the humors lye in the foote for the which you muste search with your butter paryng all the soles of the fore feete so thin as you shall see the water yssue throughe the sole That done with your butter let him bloud at both the toes and let him blede well Then stoppe the vayne with a little hogs grease and Turpentyne molten together and layde vpon a little Flaxe and then tack on the shooes and cram the place where you did let him bloude harde with toawe to the intent it may be surely stopt Then fill both his feete with Hogges grease and bran fryed together in a stopping pan so hote as is possible And vpon that stopping clap a piece of leather or else two splents to kepe in the stopping And immediatly after this Take two Egges beate them in a dishe and putte thervnto as much bole Armeny and Beane flower as will thicken the same and mingle them well together make thereof two playsters suche as may close eche foote round about somewhat aboue the cronette and binde it fast with a lyst or rowler that it may not fall away nor be remoued for the space of two dayes but let the sole be clensed and newe stopped euery day once and the cronets to be remoued euery two dayes continuing so to do vntil he be whole During which tyme let hym reast vnwalked for feare of losening his houes But if you see that he begin to amende you may walke him fayre and softly once a day vpon some soft ground to exercyse his legs and fete and let him not eate much nor drinke colde water But if this foundering break out aboue the houe which you shall perceiue by the losenesse of the coffin aboue by the cronette thē when you pare the soole you must take al the fore part of the sole cleane away leauing the heeles hole to the intente the humors may haue the freer passage downewarde and then stoppe him and dresse him about the cronet as is before sayde Of the splent as well in the insyde or outside of the knée as other where in the legge The Cxvi Chapter THis soraunce to any mannes feeling is a very gristle sometime as bigge as a walnut and sometime no more than a Hasell nut which is called of the Italians Spinella and it cōmeth as Laurentius Russius sayth by traueyling the horse to yong or by oppressing hym with heauy burthen offending his tender synews and so causeth him to halt It is easye to know bycause it is apparant to the eye and if you pinche it with your thombe and finger the horse wil shrinke vp his legge The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sorte Washe it well with warme water and shaue of the haire and lightlye scarifye all the sore place with the point of a Rasor so as the bloud may issue forth Then take of Cantharides halfe a sponefull and of Euforbium as muche beaten into fine powder mingle them together with a spone full of oyle de Bay and then melte them in a little pan stirring them wel together so as they may not boyle ouer and beyng so boyling hote take two or three feathers and annoint all the sore place therewith That done let not the horse sturre from the place where you so dresse him for one houre after to the intent he shake not of the oyntment Then cary hym fayre and softly into the stable and tye hym so as he may not reache with his heade beneath the manger for otherwyse he will couet to byte awaye the smarting pricking medicine which if it should touch his lippes would quickly fetch of the skinne And also let him stande without lytter all that day and night The nexte day annoynt the sore place with fresh butter cōtinuing so to do euery day once for the space of nine dayes for this shall allay the heate of the medicine and cause both that and the crust to fall away of it selfe and therewith eyther clene take away the splent or at the least remoue it out of the knee into the leg and so much dyminishe it as the horse shall go right vp and halte no more through occasiō therof Laurentius Russius would haue the splent to be cured by fyering it longst wyse and ouertwhart Some againe do make it soft by beating it with a Hasell sticke and then do sucke it out with a piece of new leather and a hote yron which many tymes diminisheth the splent and increaseth the halting For if a splent be not very well drest the horse will halte halfe a yeare after yea and perhappes all his lyfe long Of a Malander The Cxvij Chapter A Malander is a kind of scabbe growing in the form of lines or strekes ouerthwart the bent of the knee and hath lōg hayres with stubborne rootes lyke the brystles of a Boare which corrupteth and cankereth the flesh lyke the rootes of a childes scabbed head and if it be greate it will make the horse to goe stiffe at the setting forth and also to halt This disease procedes sometyme of a corrupt bloude but most commonly for lack of cleane keping and good rubbing The cure according to Martin is thus Fyrst washe it well with warme water then shaue both haire scabbe cleane away leauing nothing but the bare fleshe wherevnto lay this playster Take a spone full of Sope and as much Lyme Mingle them together that it may be lyke Paast and spreade as much on a clowt as will couer the sore and binde it fast on with a list renuing it euery day once the space of two or three dayes and at the three dayes ende take away the playster and annoynt the sore with Oyle of Roses made luke warme that shall fetch away the crust or scurfe bredde by meanes of the playster which scurfe being taken away washe the sore place well euery day once
with his owne stale or else with mans vrine then immediatly strowe vpon it the powder of burnt Oyster shelles continuing thus to do euery day once vntill it be whole Of an vpper attaynt or ouer reach vpon the backe synewe of the shanke somewhat aboue the ioynt The Cxviij Chapter THe Italians cal this sorance Attincto which is a paynefull swelling of the master synewe by meanes that the horse doth sometime ouerreach and strike that synewe with the toe of his hinder foote which causeth him to halte The sygnes be apparant by the swelling of the place by the horses halting The cure according to Martin is thus Washe the place with warme water and shaue of al the haire so farre as the swelling goeth and scarify euery part of the sore place lightly with the point of a Rasor that the bloud may issue sorth Then take of Cantharides and of Euforbium of eche halfe an ounce mingle them together with halfe a quarterne of Sope and with a sclice spread some of this oyntment ouer all the sore suffering hym to rest there as you dresse him for one half houre after and then you may carry him into the stable and there let him stand without litter and tyed as hath bene sayde before in the Chapter of the splent and the nexte day dresse him with the same oyntment once againe euen as you did before And the third day annoynt the place with freshe butter continuing so to do the space of .ix. dayes at the .ix. dayes ende make him this bathe Take of Mallowes three handfull a Rose Cake of Sage a handefull Boyle thē together in a sufficient quantity of water And when the Mallows be soft put in halfe a pound of butter halfe a pint of Sallet Oyle and then being somewhat warme washe the sore place therewith euery day once the space of three or foure dayes Of a neather taynt The Cxix Chapter THis is a little bladder ful of Ielly much lyke vnto a windgal not apparant to the eye but to the feling growing in the midst of the pastorne somewhat aboue the frushe It commeth by a strain or else by some wrinch or by an ouer reach and maketh the horse to halte The signes be these The neather ioynt towarde the fewterlock will be hote in the feeling and somewhat swollen The cure according to Martin is in this sorte Tye him aboue the ioynt with a list somewhat harde and that will cause the bladder to appeare to the eye Then launce it with a sharpe poynted knife and thruste out all the Ielly That done lay vnto it the whyte of an Egge and a little Salt beaten together and layd vpon flaxe or toawe and binde it fast vnto the sore renuing it once a day the space of foure or fiue dayes during which time let him rest and then you may boldely labour him Of an ouer reach vpon the heele The Cxx. Chapter THys is a cutte so as the skin hangs downe at the heele made with the toe of the hinder fote and is apparant to the eye and it will cause the horse somewhat to halte The cure whereof according to Martin is thus Cut away the skin that hangeth downe and binde vnto it a little flaxe dipte in the whyte of an Egge mingled with a little bole Armeny renuing it euery day once the space of three or foure dayes and that will heale it Of false quarters The Cxxi Chapter THis is a rifte sometyme in the outsyde but most commonly in the insyde of the houe bycause the insyde is euer the weaker parte which sydes are commonly called quarters and therof this sorance taketh his name and is called a false quarter that is to say a crased or vnsoūd quarter which name in dede is borowed of the Italians calling it in their tong Falso quarto It commeth by euill shooing and partly by euill paring The sygnes be these The horse will for the moste part halt and the rifte will bleede and is apparant to the eye The cure according to Martin is thus If the horse halte then pull of the shooe and cut so much away on that syde of the shooe where the grief is as the shooe being immediately put on againe the rift may be vncouered Then open the rift with a rosenette or drawer fill all the rift with a rowle of toawe dipte in Turpentyne Waxe and sheepes sewet molten together renuing it euery day once vntill it be whole And the rifte being closed in the toppe drawe him betwixte the haire and the houe with a hote Iron ouerthwart that place to the intent that the houe may shote al whole downeward and when the horse goeth vprighte ryde him wyth no other shooe vntill his houe be thorowly hardened again But as touching shooes for false quarters you shall haue the order of making of them declared vnto you hereafter in the end of this booke Of halting behinde and where the griefe is The Cxxij Chapter IF a horse halte behynde the griefe must eyther be in the hyppe in the stiffle in the houghe in the hamme in the legge in the neather ioynt pastorne or foote if he halte in the hip of a newe hurt the horse will goe sydeling and not follow so well with that legge as with the other But if it be olde hurte the sore hippe wil shrinke and be lower then the other and is best seene when he goeth vp a hill or vpō the edge of some banke so as the worste legge may goe on the higher syde for then he will halt so much the more bycause it is paynefull vnto hym to go so vneuenly wrinching his legge If the griefe be in the stiffle then the horse in his going will cast the stiffle ioynt outwarde and the bone on the inside wyll be farre bigger than the other If the griefe be in the hough then it is by meanes of some spauen or some other hurte apparant to the eye And the lyke may be sayd of the hamme wherein may be seene the selandre or such lyke apparant sorance causing the horse to halte If the griefe be eyther in the legge pastorne or foote then you shal finde it by such sygnes as haue bene taught you before And therfore let vs nowe speake of those sorances that are properly incident to the hinder legges Of a horse that is hipped or hurt in the hippes The Cxxiij Chapter THe horse is sayde to be hipte whē the hip bone is remoued out of his right place which griefe is called of the Italians Mal del aucha It cōmeth most cōmonly by some great stripe or strain slypping slyding or falling The signes be these The horse wyll halte and in his going he will goe sydeling and the sore hyp will fall lower than the other and the flesh in proces of time wyll consume cleane away And if it be suffred to runne so long it will neuer be restored vnto his pristine estate The best way as Martin sayth to make him go
clapp one a whole shoe and stoppe the foote with nettles and Salte brayed together renuing it once a day but not ouer harde to the intent the sole may haue liberty to rise and being growen agayne let him be shodde with the lunettes and so sent to grasse Of the running Frushe The Cliij Chapter THe Frushe is the tenderest parte of the houe towards the heele called of the Ilians Fettone and bicause it is fashyoned lyke a forked head the French men cal it Furchette which worde our ferrers eyther for not knowing rightly howe to pronounce it or else perhaps for easinesse sake of pronuntiatiō do make it a monasillable and doe shortly pronounce it the frushe in which frush breedeth many tymes a rottennesse or corruption proceding of humors that cōmeth out of the legge wherby the legge is kept cleane from wynegalles and all other tumors and swellings by meanes that the humors haue passage that way Notwithstanding the discomoditie of this soraunce is greater then the commodytie bicause it maketh the horses foote so weake and tender as he is not able to treade vpon any hard ground The signes be these The horse wil halt and specially when the passage of the humor is stopt with any grauel gathered into the Frushe and not being stopt it will continually runne the sauoure whereof will be so strong as a man is not able to abide it and in some places it will looke rawe The cure according to Martin is thus First take off the shoe and pare awaye all the corrupt places and make them rawe so as you may see the water issue out of the raw places Then tack on the shoe agayne being first made wyde large ynoughe That done take of soote one handefull of salte as muche Broose them well together in a dishe and put thereunto the whyte of three egges and temper them altogither and with a litle toaw dipt therin stoppe all the foote and speciallye the frushe and splent it so as it maye not fall out renuing it once a daye the space of seuen dayes and then he will be whole During which tyme let the horse reast and come in no wette at the .vij. dayes ende leaue stopping him and ryde him abroade and alwayes when he cōmeth in let his sore foote be cleane washed that no grauel remayne therin without doing any more vnto him Of diseases or griefes indifferently incident to any part of the body but first of the Leprosie or vniuersall maunginesse called of the olde wryters Elephantia The Cliiij Chapter THis is a cankred maunginesse spreding ouer all the body which commeth of abundance of Melancholye corrupt and filthy bloude The sygnes be these The horse will be all maungye and scuruye full of scabbes and rawe plots about the necke euill fauoured to loke on alwayes rubbing scratching The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude the first day in the one side of the necke within two dayes after on the other side of the neck wtin two dayes after that in the flank vaynes last of al in the vain vnder the taile Then wash al the sore places with salt brine rubbing them hard with a wispe of strawe hard twysted so as they may blede well and be all raw That done annoynt the places with this oyntmēt Take of quicke siluer one ounce of Hogges grease one pounde of brimstone beaten into powder a quarterne of Rape oyle a pinte Mingle these things well together vntil the quicke siluer be throughlye incorporated with the rest and hauing annoynted all the rawe places with this oyntment make it to sinke into the flesh by holding and weauing vp downe ouer it a hote brode bar of yron then touch him no more againe the space of two or thre dayes during which tyme if you se that he rubbeth still in any place then rub that place againe with an olde horsecombe to make it rawe and annoint it with freshe oyntment But if all this will not helpe then with a hote yron rounde and blunt at the poynt so bigge as a mans little finger Burne all the maūgye places making rounde holes passing onelye through the skin and no further For which intent it shall be nedefull to pull the skinne first from the fleshe with your left hande holding it stil vntil you haue thrust the hote yron throughe it and let euery hole be a span one from an other and if nede be you may annoynt those holes with a little Sope and let the horse be thinne dyeted during this curing tyme. Of the Farcyn called in Italian of some il verme and of some Farcina The Clv. Chapter THis is a kind of creping vlcer growing in knots folowing alongst some vaine and it procedeth of corrupt bloud ingendred in the bodye or else of some outwarde hurte as of spurgallyng or of the byting of some other horse or of the biting of tickes or of Hogges lice or such like casualtyes Or if it be in the legge it may come by enterfering It is easely knowen partly by the former discription and also it is apparant to the eye The cure according to Martin is thus Lette him bloud in that vayne where it commeth as nigh the sore place as may be let him bleede well Then fyre euery knot one by one taking the knot in your left hande and pulling it so harde as you can from his body to the intent you may the better pearce the knot with a round blunt hote yron of the bignesse of a mans fore finger without doing the body any hurt and let the matter out leauing none vnburned be it little or much That done annoynt euery knot so burned with Hogges grease warmed euery day once vntill the cores be redy to fal away and in the meane tyme prepare a good quantity of olde vrine and when you see that the cores are redy to fall boyle the vrine and put therin a little Corporas and salt and a few strong Nettles and with that water being warme washe out all the cores and all the corruption That done fil euery hole immediately with the powder of sleict Lyme continuing thus to do euery day once vntil the holes be closed vp and if any be more ranker then others fill those with Uerdygrease and during this cure lette the horse be thinlye dyeted that is to say with straw and water onely vnlesse it be now and then to giue him a lofe of bread For the lower he be kept the soner he will be whole And in any wyse let his necke be yoked in an olde bottomlesse payle or else with shorte staues to kepe him from licking the sores and the lesse rest he hath the better Of the Canker called of the Italians il Cancro The Clvi Chapter A Canker is a filthy creping Ulcer fretting and gnawing the fleshe in great breadth In the beginning it is knotty much lyke a Farcyne and spredeth it selfe into dyuers places and being exulcerated gathereth
together at length into one wounde or sore This proceedes of a Melancholy and filthy bloud ingendred in the body which if it be mixte with sharpe and salte humors it causeth the more painefull and grieuous exulceration and sometyme it commeth of some filthy wounde that is not clenly kept the corrupt matter whereof cankreth other cleane partes of the body It is easy to be knowen by the discription before writtē The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First lette him bloude in those vaynes that be nexte vnto the sore and take inough of him Then take of Alom halfe a pound of grene Corporas as much of white Corporas one quarterne and a good handefull of salte Boyle all these things together in fayre running water from a pottell to a quart and thys water being warme washe the sore therwith with a clout then sprincle theron the powder of sleyked Lyme continuing so to do euery day once the space of .xv. dayes and if you see that the Lyme doe not mortify the ranke flesh and kepe it from spreading any further then take of Sope halfe a pounde of quick siluer half an ounce and beate them together in a pot vntill the quick siluer be so well mingled with the Sope as you can perceyue none of the quick siluer in it And with an yron sclyce after that you haue washed the sore with the strong water aforesayde couer the wound with this oyntment cōtinuing thus to do euery day once vntill the canker leaue spreading abrode And if it leaue spreading and that you see the ranke fleshe is mortifyed and that the edges beginne to gather a skin Then after the washing dresse it with the Lyme as before continuing so to do vntill he be whole And in the dressing suffer no filthe that cōmeth out of the sore to remaine vpon any whole place about but wype it cleane away or else washe it away with warme water And let the Horse during this cure be as thinly dieted as may be and throughly exercised Of the Fistula called of the Italians Fistula The Clvij Chapter A Fistula is a deepe hollowe crooking Ulcer for the most parte springs of maligne humors ingendred in some wound sore or canker not throughly healed It is easy to know by the discriptiō before made The cure according to Martin is thus First search the depth of it with a quil or with some other instrumēt of Leade that may be bowed euery way meete for the purpose For vnlesse you finde the bottom of it it wil be very hard to cure And hauing found the bottom if it be in such place as you may boldely cut and make the way open with a Launcet or Rasor then make a slit right against the bottom so wide as you may thruste in your finger to feele whether there be any bone or gristle perished or spongye or loose fleshe which must be gotten out then taynt it with a taint of flaxe dipt in this oyntment Take of hony a quarterne and of Uerdigrease one ounce beaten in powder Boyle them together vntill it looke-redde sturring it continually least it runne ouer and being luke warme dresse the taynt therewith and bolster the taynt with a bolster of flaxe And if it be in such a place as the taynt can not cōueniently be kepte in with a bande then fasten on eche syde of the hole two endes of a shoemakers threde right ouer the bolster to kepe in the taynte whiche endes may hang there as two laces to tye and vntye at your pleasure renuing the taynt euery day once vntill the sore leaue mattering And then make the taynt euery day lesser and lesser vntill it be whole And close it vp in the end by sprincling thereon a little sleict Lyme But if the Fistula be in suche a place as a man can neyther cut ryght against the bottome nor nyghe the same then there is no remedy but to poure in some strong water throughe some quil or suche like thing so as it may goe to the bottome and drye vp the filthy matter dressing him so twise a day vntil the horse be whole Of an Anburye The Clviij Chapter THis is a great spongy wert full of bloud called of the Italians Moro or Selso which may growe in any place of the body and it hath a roote like a Cockes stone The cure according to Martin is thus Tye it about with a threde so harde as you can pull it and the threde will eate in by little and little in suche sorte as within seuen or eyght dayes it will fall away by it selfe And if it be so flat as you can binde nothing about it then take it away with a sharp hote yron cutting it round about and so depe as you leaue none of the roote behinde and dry it vp with Uerdygrease Russius sayth that if it growe in a place full of sinewes so as it can not be conueniently cut away with a hote yron then it is good to eate out the core with the powder of Resalgar and then to stoppe the hole with flaxe dipt in the white of an egge for a day or two and lastly to dry it vp with the powder of vnsleict Lyme and honye as before is taught Of woundes The Clix Chapter WOunds commeth by meanes of some strype or pricke and they are properly called wounds when some whole parte is cutte or broken For a wounde according to the Phisitians is defyned to be a solution dyuision or parting of the hole For if there be no such solution or parting then me thinks it ought rather to be called a brouse then a wounde And therfore wounds are most commonly made with sharp or pearcing weapons and brouses with blount weapons Notwithstanding if by such blount weapons any parte of the hole be euidently broken then it ought to be called a wounde as well as the other Of wounds some be shallow and some be deepe hollow Againe some chaunce in the fleshye partes and some in the bonye and sinewe places And those that chaunce in the fleshy partes though they be very deepe yet they be not so daungerous as the others and therfore we will speake fyrst of the moste daungerous If a horse haue a wounde newely made eyther in his heade or in any other place that is full of sinews bones or gristles First Martin would haue you to washe the wound wel with whyte wine warmed That done to search the bottome of the wounde with some instrument meete for the purpose suffering it to take as little wynd in the meane while as may be Thē hauing founde the depth stop the hole close with a clout vntill your saluebe readye Then take of Turpētine of Mel Rosatum of Oyle of Roses of ech a quarterne and a little vnwrought waxe and melt them together stirring them continually that they maye be well mingled together and if it be a cutte make a handesome roule of cleane picked toaw so long and so bigge as
maye fill the bottome of the wounde which for the moste parte is not so wyde as the mouth of the wounde then make an other roule greater then that to fill vppe the reast of the wounde euen to the harde mouthe and let bothe these roules be annointed with the ointment aforesayde luke warme But if the hurte be lyke a hole made with some pricke Then make a stiffe-taynt suche a one as may reache the bottome annoynted with the foresayde oyntment and bolster the same with a little toaw And if the mouth be not wyde ynough so as the matter may easely runne forth if it be in such place as you maye doe it without hurting any sinew then gyue it a pretye slitte from the mouth downewarde that the matter may haue the freer passage And in anye wise haue a speciall regarde that the taynt maye be continually kept in by one meanes or other as by binding or staying the same with the endes of a shoemakers threede as is aforesayde And if the hole be deepe and in such place as you may not cutte it then make your taynt of a sponge and so long as it may reache the bottome and the taynt being made some what ful with continuall turning and wrying of it you shal easely gette it downe and then dresse the wounde with this twise a daye clensyng the wounde euerye tyme with a little whyte Wyne luke warme For this sponge annoynted with the oyntment aforesayde will both drawe and sucke vp all the filthy matter and make it so fayre within as is possible as it beginneth to heale so make your taynt euery day lesser and lesser vntill it be ready to close vp and neuer leaue taynting it so long as it wyll receyue a taynt be it neuer so short For hasty healing of woundes bredeth fistulas which properly be olde woundes and therefore muste be cured lyke Fystulas Of woundes in the fleshy partes The Clx. Chapter VSe the same oyntmente and maner of proceeding as before if the wounde be very large then to kepe in the taynt or roules you shall be fayne to put two or three shoemakers endes on eche side of the sore leauing them so long as you may tye them together and lousen them when you wyll lyke laces Of a Hurt with an arrowe The Clxi. Chapter YF the horse be hurt with an arrowe taynt the hole with Hogs grease and Turpentine molten together renuing it euerye daye once vntyll it be whole Of pulling out shyuers or thornes The Clxij Chapter MArtin sayth that if it be not very deepe Sope being layde vnto it all night wil make it to appeare so as you maye pull it oute with a payre of nippers But if it be verye deepe then you must open the place with a knife or Launcet and gette it out and afterward heale vp the wound as haue bene taught you before Russius sayth the the rootes of reed being stampt and mingled with honny will draw out any thorne or sheuer and so will snayles as he sayth being stampt and wrought with freshe butter and if the place be swollen he sayth it is good to mollyfie it with a playster made of wormewood Paretory Beares foote Hogges grease and Honny which wyll asswage anye newe swelling that commeth by stripe or otherwise Of Brusings or swellings The Clxiij Chapter MArtin First pricke it with a fleame Then take of wyne Lees a pynt as much wheat floure as will thicken it and an ounce of Comyn Boyle them together laye this somewhat warme vnto it renuing it euery daye once vntill the swelling eyther departe or else come to a heade And if it doe then launce it and heale it vp as a wounde Of sinewes cut prickt or broosed The Clxiiij Chapter TAke of Tarre and beane floure and a little Oyle of Roses and laye it hote vnto the place and if this doe no good then take wormes and sallet Oyle fryed together or else the oyntment of Wormes which you shall haue at the Poticaries and one of these will knit it agayne if it be not cleane a sunder How to cure a wounde made with Hargabush shotte The Clxv. Chapter MArtin First seeke with an instrument whether the pellet remaine within or not and if it do you must get it out with an instrument meet for the purpose Then to kil the fire Take a little vernishe and thrust it into the wounde with a feather annoynting it well within with the feather and after that stoppe the mouth fayre and softly with a little soft flaxe to keepe the winde out and on the outside charge all the swelling with this charge Take of bole Armenie a quarterne of Lyneseede beaten into pouder halfe a pounde of beane floure as much and thre or foure egges shelles and al and of Turpentine a quarterne and a quart of Uineger and mingle them wel together ouer the fyre and being somewhat warme charge all the sore place with parte therof and immediatly clap a cloth or a piece of leather vpon it to kepe the wound from the colde ayre continuing both to annoynt the hole within with vernish and also to charge the swelling without the space of foure or fiue dayes and at the fiue dayes ende leaue annoynting of it and taynt it with a taynt reaching to the bottom of the wound and dipped in Turpentyne and Hogges grease molten together renuing it euery day twise vntill the fyre be throughly killed which you shal perceiue by the mattering of the wounde and by falling of the swelling for so long as the fyre hath the vpper hande no thicke matter will issue out but onely a thinne yellowishe water neyther will the swelling asswage And then take of Turpentine washed in nine seuerall waters halfe a pounde and put thervnto three yolkes of egges and a little saffron and taynt it with this oyntment renuing it euery daye once vntill the wounde be whole Of burning with Lyme or any other fyrie thing The Clxvi Chapter MArtin First wash away the Lyme if there be any with warme water Then kill the fyre with oyle water beaten together dressing him so euery day vntill it be all rawe and then annoynt it with Hogges grease and strowe thereupon the pouder of sleykid lyme dressing him so euery day once vntil it be whole Of the byting of a madde dogge The Clxvij Chapter IF a horse be bitten with a mad dog the venim of his teeth will not only paine hym extremely but also infect all his bloud make him to dye mad The cure according to the old wryters is thus Take of Goats dong of flesh that hath laid long in salte and of the herbe Ebulus called of some Danewort of eche halfe a pound and .xl. Walnuts Stampe all these things together lay some therof vnto the sore and this will sucke out the venim and heale the wounde It is good also to giue the Horse Treacle and wyne to drinke yea and some would haue the sore place to
be fyered wyth a hote yron Of hurtes by the Tuskes of a Boare The Clxviij Chapter IF a horse be hurt with the tuske of a Boare laye Vitriol and Corporas thervnto and the powder of a Dogges heade being burned but let the tongue be first pulled out and cast away To heale the byting or stinging of Serpents The Clxix Chapter LAurentius Russius Take a good quātity of the hearbe called Sanicula stampe it and distemper it with the milke of a Cow that is all of one colour and giue him that to drinke and that will heale him An other medicine for the same purpose MAke a playster of Onions Hony salt stampt and mingled together and lay that to the sore place and giue the horse wine Treacle to drinke Absirtus would haue you to giue him white Pepper Rhewe and Tyme to drinke with wyne Of drinking of Horse leaches The Clxx. Chapter IF a horse chaunce to drinke Horse leaches they will continually suck his bloud and kill him The remedy according to Absirtus is to poure Oyle into the horses mouth whiche will make them to fall away and kill them Of swalowing downe hennes dong The Clxxi Chapter IF a horse swallow downe hennes dong in his hay it wil fret his guttes and make him to voyde filthy matter at the fundament For remedye wherof Absirtus would haue you to giue him a drinke made of Smalladge seede wine and hony and to walke him throughly vpon it that he may empty his belly Of Lyce how to kill them The Clxxij Chapter THey be like Geese Lice but somwhat bigger they will brede moste about the eares necke and tayle and ouer all the body They come of pouerty and the horse will be alwayes rubbing and scratching and will eate his meate and not prosper withall and with rubbing he will breake all his Mayne and tayle The cure according to Martin is thus Annoynt the place with Sope and quick siluer well mingled together and to a pound of Sope put halfe an ounce of quicke siluer How to saue horses from the stinging of Flyes in Sommer The Clxxiij Chapter ANnoynt the horses coate with Oyle and Bay buryes mingled together or tye to the headestall of his collor a sponge dipt in strong Uineger or sprinkle the stable with water wherin hearbe grace hath bene layde in stepe Or perfume the stable with Iuye or with Calaminte or with Gith burned in a panne of coles Of bones being broken or out of ioynt The Clxxiiij Chapter FEwe or none of our Ferrers do intermeddle with any such griefes but doe referre it ouer vnto the bone setter whose practised hand I must nedes confesse to be nedeful in such businesse Notwithstanding for that it belongeth to the Ferrers arte and also for that the olde wryters do make some mention thereof I thought good not to passe it ouer altogether with silence Albeit they speake onely of fractures in the legges beneathe the knee For they make little mention or none of bones aboue the knee taking them to be vncurable vnlesse it be a rybbe or such lyke If any bone then be broken in the legge it is easye to perceyue by feeling the roughnesse inequality of the place grieued one part being higher then an other The cure whereof according to Absirtus and Hierocles is in this sort First put the bone againe into his right place That done wrappe it aboute with vnwasht woll binding it fast to the legge with a smoth linnen rowler soked before in oyle Uineger mingled together And let that rowler be laide on as euen as is possible and vpon that lay agayne more woll dipte in oyle and Uineger and then splent it with thre splents binding them fast at both endes with a thong let the horses leg be kepte straight and ryght out the space of .xl. dayes and let not the bondes be lousened aboue thre tymes in .xx. dayes vnlesse it shrinke so require to be newe drest and bounde againe But fayle not euery daye once to poure on the sore place throughe the splents oyle and Uineger mingled together at the .xl. dayes ende if you perceiue that the broken place be sowdered together againe with some harde knobbe or gristle Then lousen the bondes so as the Horse may goe fayre and softly vsing from that time forth to annoynt the place with some soft grease or oyntment Of bones out of ioynt The Clxxv. Chapter IF a Horses knee or shoulder be cleane out of ioynt and no bone broken Martin sayth the readyest way is to bind al the foure legges together in such sorte as haue bene taught before in the Chapter of Incording and then to hoyse the horse somewhat from the ground with his heeles vpwarde so shall the wayght and payse of his body cause the ioynt to shoote in agayne into his ryghte place for by thys meanes he pleasured not long synce a friende and neyghbour of his who goyng with his Carte from Saint Albons towards his house his Thyller fell and putte his shoulder cleane out of ioynt so as he was neither able to ryse nor being holpen vp could stande on his legges To which mischaunce Martin being called made no more a doe but taking hys frendes Carte rope bounde the horses legges all foure together and with a leauer thruste betwixte his legges and body and the one end of the leauer being stayed vppon the Carte whele they puttyng their shoulders to the other end hoysed vp the horse cleane from the grounde the payse of whose bodye made the bone to returne into his ryght place with such a loud knack as it mought be harde a greate way of and the Horse immediatelye had the vse of of his legge so as he drewe in the Carte and went safe home without complayning therof euer after Certayne receytes of playsters very good for broken bones taken out of the olde Authours wryting of horse leache crafte The Clxxvi Chapter TAke of Spuma argenti of Uineger of eche one pound of Sallet oyle halfe a pound of Amoniacum and of Turpentine of eche three ounces of waxe of Rosen of ech two ounces of Bitumen of Pitch and of Uerdygrease of eche halfe a pound Boyle the vineger oyle and Spuma argenti together vntill it wax thicke then put therevnto the pytche which being molten take the pot from the fyre and put in the Bitumen without sturring it at all and that being also molten put in then all the rest set the potte againe to the fyre and let them boyle all together vntil they be al vnited in one That done straine it and make it in playster forme and this is called Hierocles playster A nother receyte for broken bones The Clxxvij Chapter TAke of liquid Pitch one pound of wax two ounces of the purest and fineh part of Frankencense one ounce of Amoniacum foure ounces of dry Rosen of Galuanum of eche one ounce of Uineger two pyntes Boyle first the Uineger and pitch together then put in