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A35310 The antient and present state of Muscovy containing a geographical, historical, and political account of all those nations and territories under the jurisdiction of the present czar : with sculptures and a new map / by J.C., M.D., Fellow of the Royal Society, and a member of the College of Physicians, London. Crull, J. (Jodocus), d. 1713? 1698 (1698) Wing C7424; Wing C7425; ESTC R2742 334,877 511

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as big and somewhat thicker than a Crown Piece and hath in the middle the sign of the Crucifix This figure after it is Consecrated the Priest takes off with an Instrument not unlike a Launcet and puts it up in a wooden Box hanging above the Altar to preserve it from Rats and Mice If a sick Person is to receive the Communion they take a little of it upon which they put a few drops of Red Wine and a little Water in the Chalice which they give to the sick Person with a Spoon if the sick Person be not capable of swallowing the Bread they give him only a little Wine In the ordinary Administration of the Sacrament they make use of the same sort of consecrated Bread but not bigger than half a Crown from which they also take the Crucifix and break it into as many pieces as there are Communicants which they cast into Red Wine and mix it with a little warm Water and so Administer with a Spoon What remains of the Bread after Consecration is called Kutja or Holy Bread of which the Priest gives a Morsel to each of those who have Communicated the Week before At the Administring of the Sacrament the Priest says these Words This is the true Body and the true Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ which hath been given for thee and for many more for the remission of thy sins which thou shalt take in remembrance of him God bless thee There have been some who from these Words have drawn this inference as if the Muscovites believed Transubstantiation against which several pregnant reasons may be alledged to the contrary For if you Discourse the Muscovites concerning the Consequences of that belief they will not refuse to own it irrational nay absur'd and ridiculous neither do they call to their aid as the Roman Catholicks do God's Omnipotency Besides that they dont pay Adoration to this Mystery which doubtless they would do in a Religion so Zealous and Superstitious as theirs were they of the same Opinion as to this point with the Roman Catholicks Sick Children though never so Young receive the Communion but in one kind till they are seven Years Old when they Communicate like the rest as we have observed before They do not refuse the Communion to Madmen but they only touch their Lips with the Bread dip'd before in the Wine A Woman in Child-bed is not to Communicate in the same Room where she was brought to Bed but must be first washed and carried into another place Those that have committed Murther are not to be Communicated but at the point of Death if those that lie in extremity are to be Communicated they gave them first some Water or Aqua-vitae wherein some relicks have been put then they receive the Communion and at the same time the Extream Unction which done they are to take nothing else nor any Nourishment unless there be very apparent Signs of their amendment There are some among the Muscovites who at the last extremity cause themselves to be Shaven and become real Monks This once done they are not permitted to take any thing for a Week after being perswaded that they are no more Men but become Angels And if they happen after these Eight Days of Abstinence to recover their Health they must go into a Monastery because the Razor has passed upon their Heads Formerly they used to send the Consecrated Bread to those Places in the Country that were destitute of Priests They used also to give it to Travellers to reserve it for a Case of Necessity But this Custom is now quite abolished in Muscovy The Ecclesiastical Government of Muscovy consists of a Patriarch Their Hierarchy who resides in the City of Musco four Metropolitans seven Archbishops and one Bishop besides the Arch-Deacons Proto-Popes and Priests The four Metropolitans are those of Novogorodskoi and Welikoluskoi who resides at Novogorod Of Rostoufskoi and Harostauskoi who has his Residence at Rosto● Of Casanskoi and Sunatskoi at Casan And that of Sarskoi and Pondoskoi who lives within the Castle at Musco The seven Archbishops are those of Wologdskoi and Weliko Premskoi who has his Seat at Wologda Of Resanskoi and Moromskoi who lives at Resan Of Susdalskoi and Turruskoi who has his Residence at Susdal Of Twerskoi and Cassinskoi at T were Of Sibirskoi and Tobolskoi at Toboleska Of Astrachanschoi and Terskoi who resides at Astrachan Of Pleskouskoi and Sborskoi who lives at Pleskou There is but one Bishop in all Muscovy to wit that of Comenskoi and Cassieskoi who keeps his Residence in the City of Columna The Patriarch hath always about him an Arch-Deacon who is as it were his Vicar-General He hath also a Proto-Deacon residing in the Castle of Sabor The rest of the Ecclesiastical Order are distinguished into Proto-Popes and Popes or Priests Those that attend at Church toll the Bells and do other inferiour Offices are called Pangamari The Patriarch of Muscovy has the same if not a greater Authority as the Pope has in the Latin Church for he in a manner divides the Sovereignty with the Great Duke He is the Supream Head and Judge of all Ecclesiastical Affairs And such is his Power in all Matters that have any Relation to their Religion that he reforms whatever he thinks prejudicial to this Religion or good Manners without giving an Account of it to their Great Duke Yet not so but that his Orders must be put in Execution by the Czar's Commands The Patriarch of Constantinople had heretofore the Nomination of the Patriarch of Muscovy till in process of Time he had only the Confirmation and in this Age he hath lost both At present the Patriarch of Muscovy is chosen by the Great Duke and the other Prelates The Latter meet in the great Church within the Castle called Sabor where having nominated two or three Prelates the most eminent for Learning and other good Qualilities they present them to the Great Duke who after a Conference with these Prelates proceeds jointly with them to an Election If it happen that those proposed for the Election are equally eminent for their Learning and Piety it is with the Grand Duke's Approbation sometimes decided by Lot The Patriarch Their Prelates marry not Metropolitans Archbishops and the Bishop in Muscovy are not to marry but make a Vow of Chastity as long as they continue in that Dignity For the Prelates as well as the Priests are allowed here to quit their Orders whenever they think it convenient They must not wear Rings on their Fingers They wear neither Drawers nor Shirts of Linen Cloth but of Flannel Neither do they make use of Beds The ordinary Habit of the Patriarch Their Habits Metropolitans Archbishops Bishop and even of their Monks is very near the same They wear a black Cassock and over that an upper Garment of the same Colour not much different from that worn by the other Muscovites Their Hoods are at least an Ell and an half