Selected quad for the lemma: blood_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
blood_n	hear_v	year_n	young_a	54	3	5.6433	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68143	The anatomie of vrines Containing the conuiction and condemnation of them. Or, the second part of our discourse of vrines. Detecting and vnfolding the manifold falshoods and abuses committed by the vulgar sort of practitioners, in the iudgement of diseases by the vrines onely: together with a narrow suruey of their substance, chiefe colours, and manifold contents, ioyning withall the right vse of vrines. ... Collected, as well out of the ancient Greeke, Latine, and Arabian authors, as out of our late famous physitians of seuerall nations: their authorities quoted and translated out of the originall tongues, together with some of the authors owne obseruations. By Iames Hart of Northampton. Neuer heretofore published.	Hart, James, of Northampton.; Foreest, Pieter van, 1522-1597. Arraignment of urines.	1625 (1625)	STC 12887A; ESTC S103826	118,124	144

red yet saith Galen all are coloured with a greater or smaller portion of bloud therewith mingled Neuerthelesse that this same colour of vrine is procured by the mixture more or lesse not of bloud alone but also of an high coloured choller ioyntly or seuerally according to the greater or smaller quantitie thereof is not by a small number of learned Physitians maintained as also that this same colour of vrine is often and vsually seene in hote and acute diseases is not vnknowne to the very vulgar and vnlearned sort of people Now a many causes may bring foorth this effect this colour of vrine higher or lower appearing in a many hote and acute diseases which would puzzle a good Physitian by the bare sight of such an vrine to know what disease it were But yet is not this rule so infallibly true that it admitteth of no exception as is the opinion of many And therefore most erroneous and dangerous is the practise of such as vpon the bare sight of an high coloured vrine presently without any further deliberation or enquiry of circumstances both prescribe Phlebotomie and administer all maner of cooling medicines to the great ineuitable danger and preiudice of the patient from the which errour also the learned Arabian Auicenna is not free as our learned late writers haue well obserued And as I deny not but that this may often prooue true so on the other side it is most certaine that the vrine may be of such a colour and yet either proceed from a cold cause or else from some imbecillitie and weakenesse as cometh somtimes to passe in Dropsies c. But lest this should seeme stuffe of mine owne braine and hatched at home heare from the mouth of a worthie Author something concerning the same purpose It is not seldome obserued that the vrine by reason of a commixtion of bloud with it doth appeare of a red colour but by reason that it is either thicke or clotted it is no great difficultie to discerne the same But that so thinne a bloud should bemingled with it that not the substance of the vrine but the colour onely should be altered is but seldome seene Such a case befell a young man of 28. yeares of age or neare by This young man voided an vrine of an high red colour and thinne substance for many dayes together being very like to the vrines made in hote acute feauers The aforesaid patient had vsed the aduice of diuers ancient learned Physitians who had appointed him such meanes as are vsed for the cooling of hote Liuers At length he repaired to my selfe at that time but a young Physitian Looking on his vrine and withall seeing it of so high a red colour as also perceiuing him who was there present free from any feauer I asked him whether heretofore he had complained of any which he denyed adding moreouer that for some moneths by-past he had felt a chilnesse and coldnesse together with a great extenuation or leannesse and shortnesse of breath ioyned with a generall decay of strength as also that hitherto he had found no benefit by such meanes as he had vsed All which hauing attentiuely heard I thought good to keepe by me the said vrine vntill the next day and then to view the residence thereof the which was of a colour like vnto bloud as being indeed nothing else but bloud the vrine aboue it being but very little dyed with a pale yellow colour shewing no signe or token at all of any feauer For the which cause I did then collect that there was no exorbitant heate in his Liuer but a great weakenesse in the kidneyes by reason whereof the ends of the small veines being opened and loosened let some part of the bloud passe away And therefore I tooke a new course for curing of the same by vsing such meanes as were fit for the corroborating and strengthening of the kidneyes and veines not omitting fit and conuenient diet and among other things goats milke And so at length the vrine came to its owne naturall colour againe his bodie also enioying the benefit of nourishment as it was wont in former times and thus in a short time recouered his vigour strength and former perfect health againe Such an excretion of bloud which cometh thus to passe by reason of the loosenesse and widenesse of the mouthes of the small veines or yet of the thinnesse of bloud is commonly called Diapedesis that is as much as a streining through It cometh also to passe that some bloud is voyded by vrine many other wayes sometimes some great stone fretting the passages betwixt the kidneyes and the bladder called Vreteres bloud doth also accompanie the vrine but withall it is blacke and clotted The stone continuing for some certaine space in the bladder prooueth likewise sometimes the cause of this inconuenience and that especially after riding or some other violent motion of the bodie In women also some part of their menstruous fluxe is sometimes intermingled with it Sometimes againe the bloud issuing out of the gummes being suddenly stopt doth search for it selfe a passage through the bladder The kidneyes being wounded first doth bloud issue out by the vrines and afterwards matter mingled with it as it befell that woman which was stabbed in the loynes with a dagger first voyding blouddie vrines then afterwards mingled with matter vntill such time as both the wound and the kidneyes were cured And that this was a wound in the kidneyes did plainly appeare by some portion of the same taken out of the wound The exulceration of the kidneyes is also accompanied with bloudie vrine after the which vnlesse remedie be in due and conuenient time procured matter doth follow It is likewise sometimes seene that decrepit old men do voyd vrines mingled with bloud which are of a blackish colour accompanied with some red the which doth declare that the vigour and power of the kidneyes is almost quite abolished But I wish thee yet to lend thine eare a little to the same Author yet againe in a storie or two more which will adde not a little light to this matter The vrine doth appeare of a reddish colour not onely when the Liuer is surprised with a Gangrene or the bodie with any hote or acute disease such as are Tertian agues burning feauers inflammation of the internall parts but often also in the debilitie weakenesse and coldnesse of the Liuer or stomach proceeding from long and lingring diseases The like tincture it receiueth now and then in the extreame pinching Collicke passion when as some tough and clammie humours possessing the guts do hinder the passage of the faecall excrements A Gentleman of account saith he voyded vrine of a very high red colour howbeit free from any feauer being at the same time much tormented with the Collicke accompanied with a retention of the faecall excrements After the iniection of an anodine or mitigating glister the paine was much eased and withall

both phlebotomie and other euacuations But the noise of the neighbours about affirming it to be the Plague as it proued indeed many of them dying shortly of the same disease was the cause that meanes were by his friends neglected and he after a few dayes dyed of this disease But before we go out of our owne Iland let vs yet heare the authoritie of another learned Physitian who liued in this land about 300. yeares ago Heare therefore his owne words concerning Quartanes and other diseases Now because the Quartane ague is engendred of diuers humors therefore the vrine is many wayes changed And thus saith Richardus concerning the predictions by vrines I take God and all the Saints in heauen to witnesse that neither by skill and art nor yet by vse and long experience in practise I could euer attaine to any certaine knowledge of the vrine either in the conception a Quartane ague the Falling sickenesse c. Now although I might be a great deale larger in this point yet will I content my selfe with that which hath bene alreadie said Let it then not any more be doubted that the vrine is not alwayes a certaine and infallible signe of the estate of diseases contained in the vrine as feauers c. But what then may one reply doth it declare The cruditie or concoction of these diseases together with the length or shortnesse of the same according to the appearance and the early or late appearing of the signes of the one or of the other I meane cruditie or concoction in the vrine Now omitting also many things which might be said concerning diseases proceeding from the same I will instance onely in one to wit that loathsome disease of Leprosie Now as our senses do teach vs that in all the sorts of the same the skin is euer infected so whether thou vnderstandest that which the Greekes or yet the Arabians so called it is agreed among all our Physitians that as well the Liuer which is the fountaine and roote as the masse of bloud which is as the branches or streames proceeding from the same are much interessed and endammaged in this disease and therefore by right the vrine here should carrie a great stroke it being also the opinion of diuers Physitians that as well the bloud as the vrine of such as are infected with this loathsome disease do much differ from other mens And yet heare I pray thee what a learned late writer of no small experience witnesseth concerning this matter But as for my selfe who haue these thirtie yeares and vpwards most diligently viewed and carefully obserued and marked the bloud of a great number of such as were infected with this loathsome plague of Leprosie I do most constantly and assuredly auouch that neither I my selfe nor yet such Surgeons as assisted me could euer in the bloud find out any assured marke or infallible token of Leprosie but in euery respect like vnto the blond of such as enioyed their perfect health or if at any time it hapned to swerue from the foresaid perfection that it then appeared no more corrupted or infected then ordinarily we do behold it in the ●aundise feauer or any such like disease The like also I may truly pronounce of the vrine on the which the vulgar sort doth so much dote In the same ranke may I also with good right place the pulse whose change and alteration to enquire after were to search for a knot in a rush c. But now let vs proceed to a point surpassing vulgar capacitie and which will seeme to many a strange Paradox or a tale of Robin Hood my meaning is concerning women with child whether by the vrine onely conception may be discerned the which point howbeit it hath bene touched in our former discourse yet because this is so inueterate an error that hardly can it be expelled out of the minds of many I will insist a little the longer vpon the same intreating a little thy patience gentle Reader and I hope thou shalt not afterwards repent thee of this paines CHAP. IIII. That by the vrine onely it cannot absolutely be told whether a woman be with child or no contrary to the vulgar opinion AS in many other things so in this point also concerning the conception ignorance and error haue so farre preuailed that he who cannot vpon the bare inspection of the vrine onely tell whether a woman be with child or no and whether of a male or female is thought by many not to merit the name of a learned and skilfull Physitian The which hath made many lest they should be discredited among the vulgar cunningly sometimes to learne what they could concerning other signes of conception and vpon the sight of the vrine make them beleeue they had found out the whole truth by meanes thereof and others againe when as they could learne nothing haue vpon some presumptions and probabilities put all to the venture and told them that which they most longed after and if the prediction happened right then was this person admired as more then a mortall man but if otherwise then might he looke for a mocke or flout for his paines besides the imputation of ignorance and insufficiencie Howbeit some are yet more cunning then others to impute the fault to some other accident by this meanes still maintaining the ignorant in their former error This hath bene a great meanes that hitherto the people hath bene gulled hauing conceiued a sinister and wrong opiniō of the honest learned Physitian who would not sooth them vp in the same errour For the better confutation of this point my purpose is first to propound some reasons against the same and in the next place shall march some authorities of the learned and in the last place something shall be added out of mine owne experience Now in the first place according to the common rule set downe and confirmed by a number of learned writers That the vrine ordinarily giueth vs notice of such diseases as are contained within the veines as also of such places through which it passeth it is apparent that the conception participateth of neither For in the first place it is apparent and manifest that the matrix or wombe is none of those parts contained within the veines neither yet in the next place doth the vrine passe through the same How then is it possible to perceiue any infirmitie of this part by the vrine Now besides the bladder and the wombe are two distinct and seuerall parts appropriated to seuerall ends and vses And put yet the case that sometimes something might be by reason of the nearenesse of the two orifices conueyed through the common passage yet this would but seldome come to passe And moreouer in women with child this conueyance could not be granted in regard of the exact shutting vp of the aforesaid passage during the whole time of this burden insomuch that the least superfluitie can then haue

the vrine became of a remisse and light colour such as it was wont to be in his former health After a short space his vrine reassumed againe its former high colour vntill such time as by frequent reiteration of glisters the vrine at length persisted in that laudable state and condition once before begun the bodie also without any artificiall meanes performed its ordinarie functions A Citizen of good account about fiftie yeares of age being freed from a Quartane ague which had held him for the space of foure or fiue moneths fell into that kind of laske which we commonly call Lienteria His excretions by stoole were very liquid and crude and no remainder of the heate of the Ague to be discerned His vrines also were of as high a red colour as is at any time to be seene in the most violent burning feauers or inflammations of the inward parts But yet did I not build vpon any so rotten a foundation but hauing a more watchfull eye on other matters I thought it necessarie in the first place to haue a care of the stomach and in the next place of the Liuer both being by meanes of the former Quarterne ague not a little weakened For this end and purpose I prescribed his diet in qualitie hote and drie allowing him for his drinke the best and strongest wines such as are Sacke and Canarie Physicall meanes were Diagalanga Diatrion-pipereon and such like By continuance of which meanes this much at length was obtained that the saecall excrements did now shew forth good concoctiō the vrines also as in his former perfect health After all the premisses the aforementioned patient assuring himselfe of perfect health did secretly fall againe to the too liberall drinking of beere Immediatly after this disorder the colour of his vrine was againe altred into an high deepe red vndoubtedly declaring vnto vs that sometimes the vrines receiue an high and deepe colour by reason of the cruditie and coldnesse of the stomach After that time therefore he refrained againe from beere vpon the which his vrine returned to its former laudable condition neither did he after that vse any beere vntill such time as he had perfectly recouered his former health againe These things haue I related because of the ignorance and error of many who are perswaded that the vrine cannot be died with so high a colour any other way then by heate who whensoeuer they see such an vrine brought to them the patient being tormented with the Collicke they very vnaduisedly and rashly haue recourse to the cure of a feauer neglecting the cure of the Collicke which by these meanes they are so farre from curing that they do rather much increase the paine of the same But if these men had read Galen to Glauco they could not be ignorant y ● vrines sometimes do appeare of a reddish colour in cold diseases or at least such as are not very much distempered with heate For writing of the Quotidian ague which hath for materiall cause crude and raw humours thus he writeth In Quotidian agues the vrines are either white or thicke and muddie or else of a red colour Martinus Akakia in his Commentarie addeth that the vrines then become of a reddish colour when as by weaknesse of the Liuer or the veines the red waterish substance issueth out with the vrine Fernelius also lib. 6. pathol cap. 13. writeth that they are not a little deceiued who do ascribe bloudie vrine or that which is of a red windie colour resembling the washings of raw bloudie flesh vnto the imbecillitie and weaknesse of the Liuer for he cannot conceiue how that bloud can come from any other part of the bodie without some indisposition of the kidneys But yet by the leaue of so learned a man many things there be which make against this assertion For oftentimes by experience we see many plethoricke young men feeding on abundance of daintie dishes liuing in ease and idlenesse to pisse bloud by meanes of a relaxation of some veine who by the onely meanes of Phlebotomie together with the application of some Emplasticke remedie to the region of the Liuer about the which place they say they find some weight ioyned with some distention reaching vp to the right shoulder are perfectly cured And who can here I pray thee accuse the kidneyes there being no paine nor trouble at all felt in the making of his vrine And thus may the deceit and vncertaine iudgement had by the varietie of these red vrines in hote or cold diseases easily be conceiued for the which cause I will here surceasse from insisting any more vpon them but now because mention hath bene made of some small quantity of bloud issuing foorth with the vrines we will say something of the abundant pissing of bloud illustrating it by some authorities as heretofore we haue done Now as these vrines of an high and intense red colour do strike a terrour often in the beholders much more doth this liquor of life the bloud it selfe I meane issuing out of the vrinarie pipes and passages cause no small amazement to the eyes of the ignorant and sometimes of the more iudicious beholder of it And yet doth not this alwayes portend so infallible and vndoubted danger as by many is deemed Sometimes indeed the danger is so great that not onely a meane and ordinarie vnderstanding but a more refined iudgement may iustly feare the future danger as in the rupture of some great veine neare the Liuer or the kidneyes after which doth an vlcer often ensue and after a long torturing and tormenting paine Death most commonly maketh an end of their so miserable and painfull life Sometimes againe this fluxe prooueth very safe and secure as in criticall and periodicall excretions But heare I pray thee an ancient Author deliuer his opinion concerning this point Some men there are who by certaine turnes and at certaine times do pisse bloud abundantly being a disease not vnlike to the haemorrhoides or piles The state and constitution of their bodie also is not vnlike for they are very pale dull sluggish and lumpish they loath their food and after this excretion of bloud there followeth a certaine resolution and faintnesse of their ioynts their head notwithstanding becometh much lighter and better But if at this accustomed and wonted period of time there shall happen a suppression or stoppage of the aforesaid fluxe they are presently surprised with a great head-ach their eye-sight waxing dim seconded with a giddinesse and swimming in the head Vpon which occasion it commeth to passe that many of them fall into the falling sicknesse some of them againe being puffed vp and swollen with their eye-sight somewhat darkened do resemble Hydropicke persons others are oppressed with melancholicke diseases and some againe with Paralyticke passions All these inconueniences do follow vpon the suppression of any former fluxe of bloud Sometimes pissing of bloud saith Hollerius is criticall

and commeth by certaine turnes and set times and with such a one was troubled a certaine Nun mentioned by Musa who euery moneth vpon the suppression of her monethly disease did pisse bloud in abundance Archembault the Counseller by turnes did sometimes cast vp by the mouth and sometimes did voyd it downewards by stoole and againe at other times by the yard Some at the passing away of the Spring do pisse bloud and this I find written by Archigenes that some do by certaine turnes voyd great store of bloud by the yard being first collected in and about the kidneyes and that they find themselues much eased thereby I am very familiarly acquainted with one Donatus Arrigonius a merchant of our towne who in his iourney to the faire of Bohan which is held three or foure times a yeare in his iourney obserued that he was surprised with the Iaundise Afterwards as he was vpon his iourney homewards to Mantua and fast asleepe in his Inne being accompanied with another friend who lay in the same bed with him vpon the sudden there issued out at his yard of its owne accord great store of blackish bloud in so much that his companion being all wet with the bloud wakened him being almost halfe dead and with much ado at length brought him home to Mantua againe but withall quite freed from his Iaundise A certaine yong man after the eating of great store of garlicke pissed afterwards great abundance of bloud and after a little while signes of an impostume in the kidneyes might be obserued to wit some matter issuing forth from the same from whence I did collect that the sharpnesse of the humour had caused an excoriation in these parts by meanes of the opening of some veine I did see at Mothon a man who with a fall off a ladder filled halfe a chamber pot with the bloud he pissed who immediatly after the taking of a little Lemnian earth did recouer the bloud came without any vrine and that perhaps because the contusion was not farre distant from his yard About some nine or ten yeares ago an Inne-keeper of Northampton a fat and corpulent man hauing now and then voyded some small quantitie of bloud with his vrine did notwithstanding but little regard the same vntill such time as he fell into a totall suppression of vrine the paine whereof made him cast forth such pitifull cries and complaints that his sorrowfull neighbours did much commiserate his distressed estate His wife no lesse perplexed then amazed at this so sudden and vnexpected accident at his desire sent to intreat my ayde and counsell in this his so great extremitie Some halfe an houre or lesse after the administration of a diureticke drinke inwardly and a Cataplasme outwardly applyed to his share he filled almost a chamber pot with bloud some small quantitie of vrine being mingled with the same whereupon followed immediatly case and alleuiation of all his former annoyance The same night about an houre after he sent me a little wooden dish almost halfe full of gobbets of congealed and clotted bloud resembling the substance of the Liuerie selfe The next morning againe he sent me an vrinall almost full of bloud voyded at the same place no vrine to the iudgement of the eye at the first to be discerned mingled with the same I caused him bleed oftner then once besides other fit and conuenient remedies as well in diet as otherwise and yet this fluxe continued lesse or more for some few dayes after In the space of one weeke he lost in all aboue a gallon of bloud For preuention I wished him besides gooddiet hard to be obserued by people of that profession with corroboratiue and other medicines fit for that purpose with speciall regard to the Liuer not to neglect Phlehotomie at least euery Spring and Fa●l which he duely put in practise for the first yeare and for anything I could euer heare was litle or nothing troubled after that time with this infirmitie After this he liued at least three yeares and then dyed suddenly of the cause whereof here to discourse were besides my present purpose Diuerse others haue now and then by me bene obserued troubled with the like euacuation without any great hurt or hinderance to their health whom to auoide prolixitie and tediousnesse I here willingly passe by onely one I will touch but in two words A little child aboue fiue yeares of age vsed at diuerse times to pisse pure bloud not keeping any certaine times or turnes This the Gentlewoman her selfe the childs grandmother dwelling not farre from the towne of Northampton told me who did likewise affirme that she had not discerned any hurt he had sustained by the same yet notwithstanding for feare of some future inconuenience and after ensuing danger was desirous to vse some meanes for preuention which being by some occasions then deferred the child afterwards departed out of these quarters into another countrey where what since befell him I cannot tell But now let vs proceed to some other colours of vrines for here I thinke hath bene found as small certaintie as in the former CHAP. V. Of blacke vrines and that they are not alwayes so dangerous as they are deemed as also of blew ash-coloured or leaden and greene coloured vrines together with their seuerall significations and vncertainties THe highest and intensest of all other colours is the blacke the which when it presenteth it selfe to the view of the eye in any vrine it striketh no small feare and terror in the minds of most men yea and sometimes of those of no ordinarie vnderstanding That this feare was not altogether without some ground may be seene by some passages of our old father Hippocrates who doth peremptorily affirme that as well in men as in women blacke vrines are alwayes dangerous And of the like opinion and iudgement was once his trustie interpreter Galen confidently auouching that he neuer knew any one recouer whose vrine was altogether blacke howbeit the danger was the lesser if the residence onely were blacke lesse againe if the middle part or swimme and least of all if the cloud onely were of this colour Howbeit the same Galen in another place affirmeth That if there be a retention of a womans monethly fluxe of melancholicke bloud there is no cause of feare if in such a case the vrine appeare blacke to the eye And againe in the storie of that woman who being surprised with sicknesse the second day after she was brought to bed the third day she voyded thinne blackish vrines Galen speaketh of no further inconuenience to ensue vppon the same but maketh onely mention of a certaine commotion and agitation of the humours of the body ioyned with a a certaine conflict and yet of all sorts of blacke vrines this thin blacke is counted the best Blacke vrines may be voyded both in health and also in sicknesse especially by way

Galen is of opinion that such contents come neuer without a thicke vrine But experience hath taught vs the contrary saith Hollerius A certaine man voyded such hairy excrements with a golden coloured vrine aboue the space of twenty yeares it not being thicke but keeping a meane and howbeit his constitution and state of body inclined to choler yet was he of a reasonable square and corpulent body The like commeth also to passe in many others howbeit to others a thicke vrine is more frequent If the Reader please he may yet reade a strange Story in Schenckius of a great quantitie of true and naturall haire voyded by a woman with her vrine for a long time the which the Author tried by burning a parcell of it in the fire Sand or grauell in the vrine affoordeth vs yet no greater certaintie It is recorded by that famous Hippocrates that in whatsoeuer vrine a grauelly matter setleth to the bottome it betokeneth a stone either in the kidneys or in the bladder It is likely he had most commonly obserued it so in the place where he liued but we find often the contrary in our climate I haue my selfe often obserued both in old age and younger yeeres such grauelly vrines without any stone The widenesse of the vrinary passages as also diureticall expelling medicines may be a meanes of expelling such contents And this disease may sometimes be accompanied with a thinne vrine without any grauell at all as in the obstruction of the aforesaid passages The Physitian being present is often encombred notwithstanding the concurrence of all the signes together to discerne a stone from some other disease as hath heretofore appeared what certaintie then can be expected from the sole deceitfull signe of the vrine The Admirall Annebault saith Hollerius being much tormented in making his vrine for the space of eight moneths together both P●ysitians and Surgeons being in doubt whether there were a stone in the bladder or no at length it was concluded to make incision for the stone No stone notwithstanding was found but a lumpe of flesh growne to the necke of the bladder hindering the free passage of the vrine which was cured by conuenient remedies and the patient restored to his former health againe Some also are of opinion it signifieth adustion of humours as in diseases coming of choler such as be burning Agues Tertian Agues single and compound and sometimes in diseases of melancholie as Quartaine agues long continuing Likewise the Gout paine of the ioynts and reines Leprosie French poxe confirmed Emeraudes costiuenesse and heate of the Liuer if there be no paine nor heauinesse about the reines But besides all the former contents wormes haue sometimes bene voyded by the vrine the which because it may seeme some thing strange therefore I will walke with my guides Rondeletius maketh it plaine Gilbert Griphon first of all shewed me worms in the vrine when I was but yet young who was also the chiefe inciter of me to this profession T●e wormes might be seene to mooue without any motion of the vrine Againe I haue seene wormes in the vrine as large as Gourd seedes flat and aliue Argenterius hath seene the forme of a winged Dragon come foorth with the vrine The historie also annexed to the foresaid Rondeletius his Tractate of vrines of foure wormes voyded by vrine at two seuerall times do plainly witnesse the same His countreyman Hollerius maketh also mention of one Beaucler a Counseller who after great paine in the kidneys voyded a great worme And of another who after the voyding of some stones and grauelly matter voyded two euill fauoured wormes The same Author againe One demanded counsell of a Spaniard by letters and helpe for one that was troubled with grauell who hauing voyded some stones and much sand did also put foorth at his yard two little wormes hauing pointed beckes two hornes vpon the head like a snaile the backe and bellie was as it were couered with scales blacke like a Tortoise but vnder the bellie which was red I haue wondered to see saith another Author in mine owne vrine a great number of wormes short and little like vnto small lice Monsieur Duret a Phyisitian hath assured me saith Ambrose Pare that he did voyd at his yard after a long and grieuous sicknesse a little beast aliue very strange and wonderfull to behold which was of a reddish colour Charles Earle of Mansfield being very sicke of a continuall Feauer cast foorth at his yard a worme of the very forme of a blacke Pye Leuinus Lemnius reporteth that he hath seene in the vrines of diuerse that haue bene sicke of the French poxe wormes like vnto Antes One being troubled with difficultie of making water saith Schencleius voyded by his yard a little liue Scorpion And as another author affirmeth in the bladder of some persons wormes do breed and little beasts like to Cockles of the sea But now would I willingly demand of the cunningest pisse-prophet in the countrey what would or could he presage by such a wormie vrine Putrefaction thou wilt say it may be But of what part I pray thee whether in the bloud or the bladder the stomacke or maw or in the guts I haue often administred meanes both to yong and old against this disease euen against all the sorts of wormes commonly recorded by our Physitians yet could I neuer perceiue any in such persons vrines And in how many young childrens vrines haue they found any such creatures But what if such creatures were conueyed from the stomacke through the mesaraicke veines into the great porter veine and from thence into the great hollow veine and so from thence distributed into the rest of the bloud or else by the kidneyes into the bladder If thou wilt denie this long and tedious iourney I will againe demand of thee how come wormes into the bloud as may appeare by this which followeth In a certaine citizen at Paris the basilica or Liuer veine being opened in mine owne sight and presence came forth a worme about a spanne long Thus then thou seest what certaintie may be collected by the sight of wormes in the vrine There are yet sometimes motes to be seene in the vrine which according to our writers signifie diuerse things as namely putrefaction as in the Plague and French poxe being accompanied with stinch Againe great agitation and commotion of the humours as in the small poxe and measels They are said likewise to signifie rhewme the gout diseases of the mother and finally conception Let the vnpartiall Reader iudge what assurance one can learne from such an vrine concerning the particular circumstances of the disease But we must not yet omit the very dust which they will haue to signifie diuerse and sundrie matters and that according to the seuerall colours of the same vpon the which I will not long dwell but yet

say something of the blacke which may seeme to threaten greatest danger Such dust falling to the bottome either blacke or of a leaden colour proceeding of melancholie is thought to signifie fluxe of the Emeraudes present or shortly to follow and sometimes vomiting of bloud As also sometimes paine in the reines loynes c. and stopping of the Flowers and at other times paine and diseases of the Spleene c. In the beginning of the yeare 1623. my counsell and personall presence was craued for a Ladie in Northampton-shire of good account In the bottome of the vrinall wherein her vrine was put for certaine dayes together some such blacke dust might be seene which a graue Diuine there present thought to be so dangerous that he told me he had seldome seene them liue many dayes after the sight of such cōtents in their vrines And howbeit some strange and troublesome accidents did terrifie the spectators who beheld her with vulgar eyes yet did her pulse put me in better hope which was shortly seconded by a happie and prosperous issue the Ladie recouering her former health againe Neither heard I any complaint of such things as these contents are said to signifie But hauing now finished both colours and contents with other things belonging to this subiect it is perhaps now exspected I should say something of the manner of pissing as concerning not a little the matter in hand CHAP. IX Of the manner of pissing the retention or stoppage of vrine totall or in part as also of inuoluntarie pissing both in sicknesse and in health THe manner of pissing is either hard and vneasie or else inuoluntarie As for the first the action is interessed three manner of wayes as witnesseth Hollerius and others First there is a great desire to pisse but cannot be effected without force and hard straining sometimes not without paine Secondly there is the like desire but the vrine passeth away but by drops Thirdly there is a stoppage or obstruction of the vrine that it is not voyded at all or else so little that it is to small purpose Painefull and vneasie pissing may come to passe either by the acrimonie and sharpnesse of the humour or by the imbecillitie or weakenesse of the retentiue facultie proceeding for the most part from cold the which painfulnesse may in like manner be procured by reason of some inflammation clotted or congealed bloud an vlcer a stone c. Suppression of vrine proceedeth from diuerse causes sometimes by meanes of the obstruction or stoppage of the guts and sometimes againe by meanes of the emulgent or sucking veines and that againe two manner of wayes to wit either by reason of the weakenesse of the drawing or sucking qualitie or else by obstruction This suppression is likewise procured by the obstruction or stoppage of the Kidneys and Vrine-pipes and by meanes of the weakenesse thereof By reason of the obstruction of the aforesaid passages it cometh also diuerse wayes to passe as either by meanes of an inflammation knob or bunch of either of these parts or others adioyning or else by reason of a stone clotted or congealed bloud or some tough phlegme impacted and cleauing fast to the place as also sometimes howbeit seldome by reason of some holes in the kidneyes and that after the voyding of some stones as Mercatus hath obserued Suppression of vrine is likewise sometimes caused by meanes of the bladder or parts thereto adioyning it being also thereby interessed And in the first place by reason of the want of the sense of feeling the sinew descending from the loynes and the hucklebone being loosened Secondly by reason of the failing of the expelling power of the bladder c. Thirdly the exceeding great quantitie of vrine distending and stretching out of the bladder detained longer then is conuenient may bring this sometimes to passe Fourthly the resolution or loosenesse of the muscles of the neather bellie which haue likewise some interest in the furtherance of this excretion Fiftly by the totall ouerthrow of the expelling facultie as we see sometimes come to passe in burning Feauers as witnesseth Hippocrates Sixtly by the defect and fault of the vrine-pipes and that diuerse manner of wayes for sometimes the muscle which shutteth vp the bladder is clinged together by a conuu●sion the passage is likewise stopt either by the meanes of some tough clammie humours some clotted bloud matter knob or bunch or any tumour the outgrowing of some peece of flesh some wart or scarre and finally by reason of a stone stopping vp the passage by the neck of the bladder Seuenthly by the consent of the places adioyning the bladder and the vrine-pipes are sometimes so shut vp that they cannot freely deliuer the vrine which cometh often to passe in women by reason of the nearenesse of the wombe Eightly by meanes of a Palsie or resolution of the bladder The vncertaintie therefore of the vrine in diseases of this nature and kind may as euidently appeare as in any of the premisses And there being so many causes producing paine and difficultie in making of vrine to which of them wilt thou ascribe it Againe if there be a retention of the vrine what wilt thou send to the Physitian And if such an accident come to the cure of some Empiricke or vnskilfull Physitian his conceit will straightway leade him to some stone and so according to their ignorance in this art exhibite strong diuretickes or medicines prouoking vrine as I haue sometimes obserued which are so farre from procuring the intended good that they produce rather a contrary effect Of a suppression of vrine by meanes of clotted bloud I haue instanced alreadie This last Spring a young Gentleman of Leicestershire of good worth trauailing towards London thorow this Towne of Northampton was suddenly surprised with a suppression of vrine Being afraid of a stone in his bladder howbeit he had neuer heretofore complained of this infirmity yet tried he what the art of Surgerie could doe by meanes of a Catheter thrust vp thorow his yard towards the necke of his bladder together with some other meanes which notwithstanding tooke no effect The next morning about eight of the clocke I was sent for to the patient whose belly began to swell and some fumes to ascend into his head By meanes of a gentle opening inlep together with a Cataplasme applied to his share it pleased God to accomplish his desires howbeit a messenger had bene already sent away to bring with him an expert Surgeon to make incision He voyded that day abundance of vrine of a laudable colour and answerable contents so that none could find any fault in the same and the next day he went forward in his intended iourney towards London The passage of the vrine in this patient was somewhat narrow as seemeth and that by reason of some former infirmity and perhaps some wind gathered in the great gut might make some compression of the