cause they gathered together so many sticks of small woode as made the image of an Oxe artificially conioyned togither and so setting it on fire burned it for an offering whereuppon a Locrensian Oxe was an ironicall prouerbe for a sacrifice of no weight or merrite It is also reported that an Heyfer being brought to the altar of Minerua to be sacrificed did there Calue wherefore the Priests would not meddle with her but let her goe away free because Minerua was the goddesse of procreation holding it an impious thing to kill that in sacrifice which had broughte foorth a young one at the altar to conclude as Vegetius saith that on a time Iustice was so offended with men because they imbrewed euery altar with the bloud of Oxen and cattell that therefore she lefte the earth and retired back againe to dwell among the starres so will we in this discourse cease from any further prosecution of the morrall or natural description of these beasts leauing their lawfull vse to the necessity of mankinde and their abusiue idolatrous sacrifices to him that loueth all his creatures and will require at mans hand an account of the life and bloude of brute beastes OF THE CALFE The definition and name A Calfe is a young or late enixed Bull or Cow which is called in Ebrew Egel or Par and sometimes Ben-bakar the sonne of an Oxe Yet Rabbi Salomon and Abraham Esra expound Egel for a Calfe of one yeare old The Sarazens of that word call a Calfe Hesel The Grecians Moschos whereof is deriued Moscharios but at this day they call him Mouskari or Moschare The Italians Vitello the French Veau the Spaniardes Ternera of teneritudo The etymology of Vitulus signifying tendernesse and somtimes Bezeron and Vezerro the Germanes Ein Kalb the Flemmings Kalf and the Latines Vitulus of the old worde Vitulor signifying to be wanton for Calues are exceedingly giuen to sport and wantonnes or as other suppose from the greeke worde Italous came Vitulus and therefore the Latines doe not alway take Vitulus for a young or newe-foaled beaste but sometime for a Cow as Virgill Aeclog Ego hanc vitulam ne forte recuses Bis venit ad mulctram binos alit vbere fortus Depono And this word like the Greeke Moschos signifieth male and female whereunto by diuers authours both Greeke and Latine are added diuers epithites by way of explication both of the condition inclination and vse of this yong beast calling it wilde ripe for the temples vnarmed weake sucklings tender wandring vnhorned and such like The epithits of a Calfe And because the Poets faine that Io was turned into a Cow and that the violet hearb was assigned by Iupiter for her meate they deriue viola a violet from Vitula a Calfe by a kind of grecian imitation It is also certaine that the honour of this young beast hath giuen denomination to some men as Pomponius Vitulus and Vitulus Niger Turamius Varro Men named after calues and Vitellius was deriued from this stemme or theame although hee were an Emperour The like may be saide of Moschos in Greeke signifying a Calfe for there was one Moschus a Sophiste that dranke nothing but water and there was another Moschus a gramarian of Syrâ—â—use whome Athaeneus doeth recorde was a familiar of Aristarchus and also of another a poet of the Bucolickes and this serueth to shewe vs that the loue our auncestours bare vnto cattell appeered in taking vppon them their names and were not ashamed in those elder times wherein wisdome and inuention was most pregnable to glory in their heards from which they receiued maintenance But to the purpose that which is said of the seuerall parts of an Oxe and a Cowe belongeth also to a Calfe for their anatomy differeth not because they are conceiued and generated by them and in them and also their birth and other such thinges concerning that must be inquired in the discourse of a Cow A secret by the hoofe It is reported by an obscure authour that if the hoofe of a Calfe be not absolued or finished in the dammes belly before the time of caluing it will dye And also it must be obserued that the same diseases which doe infeste and harme an Oxe do also befall Calfes to their extreame perill but they are to be cured by the same forenamed remedies And aboue the residue these young beasts are trobled with wormes The diseases of a calfe which are ingendered by crudity but their cure is to keepe them fasting till they haue well disgested their meate and then take lupines halfe sod and halfe rawe beaten together The cure of wormes and let the iuice thereof be powred downe his throate otherwise take dry figges and fitches beaten together with Santonica called Lauender cotten and so put it downe the Calues throate as aforesaid To choose caluâ— for stor or else the fatte of a Calfe and marrube with the iuice of leekes will certainly kill these euels It is the manner to regard what Calues you will keepe and what you will make of and kill either for sacrifice as in ancient time or priuate vse and to marke and name those that are to be reserued for breed and labour according to these verses Post partum carain vitulos traducitur omnis Et quos aut pecori malint submittere habendo Continuoque notas nomina gentis inurunt Aut aris scruare sacris aut scindere terram Et campum horrente fractis inuertere glebis And all these things are to be perfourmed immediatly after their weaning and then in the next place you must regard to gelde the males which is to be perfourmed in Iune or as Magus saith in May or at the farthest let them not be aboue a yeare olde for else they will grow very deformed and small but if you libbe them after two yeares olde they will proue stubborne and intractable wherefore it is better to gelde them while they be yong ones which is to be perfourmed not with any knife or yron instrumente The libbing of calues because it will draw much bloud and in danger the beast thorough paine but rather with a clouen reed or sticke pressing it together by litle and litle but if it happen that one of a yeare or twoe yeares olde be to be libbed then you must vse a sharpe knife after you haue pressed the stones into the coddes and cut them out at one stroake and for stanching of the bloud Aristotle sotion varro let the cod and the ends of the vaines be seared with an hot iron and so the wound is cured as soone as it is made And now the time for the effecting hereof is best in the waine of the moone either in the spring or autumne but it is good to leaue as many of the vaines and nerues of the virile member vntouched and whole as may be that so he may not loose any condition of a male except the power of
thereunto three ounces of Meâ— Rosatum and wash al his mouth with Vineger and salt If his stomacke be too colde then his haire wil stare and stand right vp which Absirtus and others were wont to cure by giuing the horse good wine and oile to drinke and some would seeth in wine Rew or Sage some would adde thereunto white Pepper and Mirre some woulde giue him Onions and Rocket seed to drinke with wine Againe there be other somewhich prescribe the blood of a young Sow with old wine Absirtus would haue the horse to eat the green blades of wheat if the time of the yeare wil serue for it Columella saith that if a horsse or anie other beaste do loath his meate it is good to giue him wine and the seede of Gith or else Wine and stampt garlicke Of casting out his drinke VEgetius saith that the horse may haue such a Palsie proceeding of cold in his stomack as he is notable to keepe his drinke but many times to cast it out again at his mouth The remedy whereof is to let him blood in the necke and to giue him cordiall drinkes that is to say made of hotte and comfortable spices and also to annoint al his breast and vnder his shoulders with hot oyles and to purge his head by blowing vp into his Nostrils pouders that prouoke neezing such as haue beene taught you before Of surfetting with glut of prouender THe glut of prouender or other meat not digested doth cause a horse to haue great paine in his body so as hee is not able to stande on his feete but lyeth downe and waltereth as though he had the Bots. The cure whereof according to Martins experience is in this sort Let him blood in the necke then trot him vppe and downe for the space of an houre and if he cannot stale draw out his yard and wash it with a little white wine luke warme and thrust into his yard either a brused cloue of Garlicke or else a little oile of Cammomile with a wax candle If he cannot dung then rake his fundament and giue him this glister Take of Mallows two or three handfuls and boile them in a pottle of faire running water and when the mallows be sodden then straine it and put therevnto a quart of fresh Butter and halfe a pinte of oile Oliue and hauing receiued this glister lead him vp and downe vntill he hath emptied his belly then set him vp and keepe him hungry the space of three or foure daies and the hay that he eateth let it be sprinkeled with water and let him drinke water wherein should be put a little bran and when he hath drunke giue him the bran to eate and giue him little or no prouender at al for the space of eight or ten daies Of another kind of surfetting with meat or drinke called of vs foundering in the body THis disease is called of the old writers in Greeke Crithiasis in Latine Hordiatio it commeth as they say by eating of much prouender suddainely after labour whilst the horse is hot and panting Blundevile whereby his meate not being digested breedeth euill humors which by little and little do spread thoroughout his members and at length do oppresse all his body and doe cleane take away his strength and make him in such a case as he can neither goe nor bow his ioyntes nor being laide he is not able to rise againe neither can he stale but with great paine It may come also as they saie of drinking too much in trauelling by the waie when the horse is hot but then it is not so dangerous as when it commeth of eating too much But howsoeuer it commeth they saie all that the humours will immediatelie resorte downe into the horses legges and feet and make him to cast his hooues and therfore I must needs iudge it to be no other thing but a plaine foundering which word foundering is borrowed as I take it of the French word Fundu that is to say molten For foundering is a melting or dissolution of humors which the Italians cal Infusione Martin maketh diuers kindes of foundering as the foundering of the bodie which the French men call most commonly Morfundu and foundering in the legs and feet also foundering before and behind which some Authors doe denie as Magister Maurus and Laurentius Russius affirming that there are fewer humors behind than before and that they cannot easily be dissolued or molten being so far distant from the hart the other vital parts Whereunto a man might answere that the natural heat of the hart doth not cause dissolution of humors but some vnnaturall and accidentall heate spred throughout all the members which is daily proued by good experience For we see horses foundered not only before or behind but also of al foure legs at once which most commonly chanceth either by taking cold sodenly after a great heate as by standing stil vpon some cold pauement or abroad in the cold wind or els perhaps the horse trauelling by the way and being in a sweat was suffred to stand in some cold water whilst he did drinke which was worse then his drinking for in the mean time the cold entering at his feet ascended vpward and congealed the humors which the heat before had dissolued and thereby when he commeth once to rest he waxeth stiffe and lame of his legs But leauing to speak of foundering in the legs as wel before as behind vntil we come to the griefs in the legs feet we intend to talk here only of foundring in the body according to Martins experience The signes to know if a horse be foundered in the body be these His haire wil stare and he wil be chil and shrug for cold and forsake his meat hanging down his head and quiuer after cold water and after 2. or 3. daies he wil begin to cough The cure according to Martin is thus First scour his belly with the glister last mentioned and then giue him a comfortable drink made in this sort Take of Malmsie a quart of Sugar halfe a quartern of hony halfe a quarterne of Sinamon halfe an ounce of Licoras and Annis seedes of each two spoonfuls beaten into fine powder which being put into the Malmsie warme them togither at the fire so as the hony may be molten and then giue it him luke warm that done walke him vp and down in the warme stable the space of halfe an houre and then let him stand on the bit 2. or 3. houres without meat but let him be warme couered and wel littered and giue him hay sprinkled with a little water and clean sifted prouender by a little at once and let his water be warmed with a little ground Malt therein And if you see him somewhat cheered then let him blood in the neck and also perfume him once a day with a little Frankincense and vse to walke him abroad when the weather is faire and not windy or els in the house
hanged vp so high that the beast by strayning himselfe to leape into it and get his desired medicine but all in vaine spendeth out the time of his recouery til the poyson hath throughly corrupted his body and euery part and member for otherwise so great is the life spirit and stomake of this beast that he will fight and not yeald to his aduersary although his guts and intrals hang about his legs out of his belly Therefore the Panthers of Hircania do more often perish by poyson then by other violence of Swords Speares or Dogges for by this poyson the beast many times falleth to such a loosenesse of his belly and withall such a weakenesse thereby that he is taken aliue Likewise in Armenia there are certaine Fishes which are poyson to Lyons Beares Wolues Lynces and Panthers the powder of this fish the inhabitants put into the sides and flesh of their Sheepe Goates and Kyds without all harme to these beastes but if the Panthers or any rauening beast come and deuoure any of those sheep so dressed presently they die by poison When they are hunted and forced in the presence of the hunters then they leape directly vnto their heades and therefore the hunter taketh great care both of his standing and also of holding his speare for if he receiue not the Panther in his leape and gore him to the heart or else otherwise wound him mortally he is gone and his life is at an end Oppianus also sheweth that he is taken as Lyons are especially by these meanes following for when the hunters perceiue the way or path which he vseth to his water therein they make a deepe ditch but not so great as they make for a Lyon wherein they erect a wodden pillar or great post vnto that they tie certaine engins and withall a male little Dogge whose stones or tender coddes they bind with some string or cord so as the young beast may whine and cry for paine by which voice hee inuiteth and calleth the Panther to his destruction For the greedy beast winding the voice of the Dogge bestirreth himselfe to meete with his desired prey or booty at last finding the ditch and seeing the Dogge downe he leapeth where the engins take present hold vpon him and destroy him and so he describeth the same meanes to take great fishes by the sight of little Fishes swimming in a net In hunting of wilde beasts the wary Wood-man must make good choice of his horse Oppianus not onely for the mettell and agility which are very necessary but also for the colour as we haue already expressed in the story of the Horse for the gray Horse is fittest for the Beare and most terrible to him the yellow or fire colour against the Bore but the brown and reddish colour against the Panther The Moores also vse other deuises to take Panthers and all such noysome beastes they enclose in a house in a little house certaine rotten flesh which by the sauour thereof when it stinketh draweth the wilde Beasts vnto it For they make a dore or a gate of reedes vnto the said house through which the filthy smell breaketh out and disperseth it selfe into the wide aire presently the wilde beastes take it vp and follow it withall speede they can for there is not any muske or other sweete thing wherewithall men are so much delighted as rauening beastes are with the sauour of carrion therefore like an amorous cup it draweth them to the snare of perdition for beside the rotten flesh they erect many engins and vnauoidable traps to snare in the beast when he commeth to rauen The Christians of AFFRICKE did institute a generall hunting of Leopards inclosing the ends of the waies through which the beastes were to passe The Leopard when he was stirred ranne too and fro distracted because in all his passages he found Horse-men ready to resist him neither left they any way for him to escape at length wearied with many windinges turninges and prouocations the Horse-men might easily come vnto him and pearce him with their speares but if it fortuned that the Leopard escaped and brake away from the Hunters then hee at whose corner he brake forth was bound by ancient custome to make the residue a dinner or banquet Among the Chaonians there was a certaine young Noble man which loued a Virgin called Anthippe the which two louers were walking together a good season in a Wood It happened while they were there that Cichyrus the Kings Sonne prosecuted a Pardall in hunting which was fled into that Wood and seeing him bent his arme against him and cast his Dart the which Dart missed the marke and killed the Virgin Anthippe the young Prince thought that hee had slaine the beast and therefore drew neare on Horse-back to reioyce ouer the fall of the game according to the maner of hunters but at his approch he found it far otherwise for in stead of the effusioÌ„ of the bloud of a beast that which was more lamentable his right hand had shed the bloud of a Virgin For when he came to them he saw her dying and drawing her last breath and the young man held his hand in the wound to stanch the bloude for sorrow whereof hee presently fell distracted in his mind and ran his horse to the top of a sharp rocke from whence he cast downe himselfe headlong and so perished The Chaonians after they vnderstood this feareful accident and the reason of it compassed in the place where he fell with a wall and for the honor of their dead Prince builded a Citty where he lost his life and called it Cichyrus after his owne name Their loue of Wine Leopards and Panthers do also loue Wine aboue all other drinke and for this cause both Bacchus was resembled to them and they dedicated to him Bacchum tauro assimulant Pardali quod homines ebrij belluarum istarum ingenia referant omnia violenter agant quidam enim iracunda fiunt Taurorum instar pugnaces ferique vt Pardales saith Plato in his second booke of lawes they resemble and compare Bacchus to a Bull or Pardall because drunken men in all their actions do imitate the disposition of these wilde beasts both in their folly and violence For some of them are wrathfull like Bulles and some of them wild apt to fight like Pardals Bacâ—hus was also called Nebrides because he wore the skinne of a hinde-Calfe which is spotted almost like a Panther and therefore a fearefull man or a drunken variable and in constant man is said to weare a skinne of diuers colours but the chiefe cause why Panthers were dedicated to Bacchus was for their loue of Wine for all writers doe constantly and with one consent affirme that they drinke wine vnto drunkennesse the manner and end thereof is eligantly described by Oppianus in this sort When the inhabitants of Lybia do obserue some little fountaine arising out of the sand and falling downe againe as in the
which hath ceased to be a calfe There are oxen in most part of the world which differ in quantity nature and manner The diuersity of Oxen in al cuÌ„tries one from another and therefore doe require a seuerall tractat And first their oxen of Italy are most famous for as much as some learned men haue aâ—firmed that the name Italia Varro was first of all deriued of the Greeke word Italous signifieng oxen because of the aboundance bred and nourished in those parts and the great account which the auncient Romanes made heereof OxeÌ„ of Italy appeareth by notable example of punishment who banished a certaine countrey man for killing an oxe in his rage and denying that he eate thereof as if he had killed a man likewise in Italy theyr oxen are not all alike for they of campania are for the most part white and slender yet able to manure the countrey wherein they are bred they of Vmbria are of great bodies yet white red coloured In hetruria and Latinui they are very compact and wel set or made strong for labour but the most stronge are those of Apennine although they appeare not to the eie very beautifull The Egyptians which dwell about Nilus haue oxen as vvhite as snovv and of exceeding high and great stature greater then the Oxen of Graecia yet so meeke and gentle Aristotle Oppianus Aonia Aelianus Leo Affric that they are easily ruled and gouerned by men The Aonian Oxen are of diuers colours intermingled one within another hauing a whole round hoofe like a horse and but one horne growing out of the middle of their forehead The domesticall or tame Oxen of Affrique are so small that one would take them for calues of two yeares olde AffricaÌ„ oxen the Affricans saith Strabo which dwell betwixt Getulia and our coast or countrey haue Oxen and horses which haue longer lips and hoofes then other and by the Graecians are tearmed Mecrokeilateroi The Armenian Oxen haue two hornes Armenian Oxen. Aeliantus but vvinding and crooking to and fro like Iuye which cleaueth to okes which are of such exceeding hardnesse that they wil blunt any sworde that is stroke vppon them without receiuing any impression or cut thereby Some are of opinion that the onely excellent breede of cattell is in Boeotia neere the citty Tanagra called once Poemandra by reason of their famous cattel Varinus BaeotiaÌ„ oxen the which Oxen are called coprophaga by reason that they will eate the dung of man so also doe the Oxen of ciprus to ease the paines of their smal guts The caricians in a part of Asia are not pleasant to behold hauing shaggye haire and bounches on either shoulders CariciaÌ„ oxeÌ„ reaching or swelling to their Neckes but those vvhich are either white or blacke are refused for labour Epirus yeeldeth also very great and large oxen vvhich the inhabitants cal Pyrhicae Epirus because that their first stocke or seminary were kept by King Pirrhus hovvsoeuer other say that they haue their name of their fiery flaming colour they are called also Larini of a village Larinum or of Larinus a chiefe Neat-heard of whom Ahaeneus maketh mention who receiued this greate breede of cartel of Hercules when he returned from the slaughter of Gerion vvho raigned about Ambracia and Ampholochi vvhere through the fatnesse of the earth and goodnesse of the pasture they grovv to so great a stature other call them cestrini I know not for vvhat cause yet it may be probable that they are called Larini Pliny Aristotle Theodoreâ— by reason of their broad Nostriles for Rines in Greeke signifieth Nostrils but the true cause of their great bone and stature is bycause that neither sexe were suffered to couple one vvith another vntil they vvere foure yeares old at the least and therefore they vvere called Atauri and Setaeuri and they vvere the proper goods of the King neither could they liue in any other place but in Epirus by reason that the whole country is ful of sweete and deepe pastures Al the oxen in Eubaea are white at the time of their caluing Eubaea Aelianus and for this cause the poets cal that countrey Argiboeon If that oxen or swine be transported or brought into Hispaniola Hispaniola Oxen. Pet Martyr they grow so great that the oxen haue beene taken for Elephantes and their swine for Mules but I take this relation to be hyperbolical There are Oxen in India which wil eate flesh like Wolues and haue but one horne and whole hoofes some also haue three hornes there be other as high as Cammels Rasis Indian oxen C. Tesias Solinus Pliny Aelianus and their hornes foure foote broad There was a horne brought out of India to Ptolmy the second which receiued three Amphoraes of water amounting the least too thirty english gallons of Wine measure whereby it may bee coniectured of how great quantity is the beast that bare it The Indians both Kings and people make no small reckoning of these beastes I meane their vulgar Oxen for they are most swift in course and wil runne a race as fast as any horse so that in their course you cannot know an Oxe from a horse waging both Gold and Siluer vpon their heads and the Kings themselues are so much delighted with this pastime that they follow in their Wagons and will with their owne mouthes and handes prouoke the beastes to runne more speedily and heerein the Oxe exceedeth a horse bycause he wil not accomplish his race with sufficient celerity except his rider draw blood from his sides with the spur but the oxes rider neede not to lay any hands or pricks at al vpon him his onely ambitious nature of ouercomming carrying him more swiftly then all the rods or spurs of the world could preuaile on him And of this game the lowest of the people are also very greedy laying many Wagers making many matches and aduenturing much time and price to see their euent Among the Indians there are also other oxen which are not much greater then great Goates who likewise in their yoaks are accustomed to runne many races which they performe with as great speede as a Getican horse Aâ—â—â—anus and all these running Oxen must be vnderstood to be wild Oxen. LeuctriaÌ„ oxeÌ„ Garamantae There bee Oxen in Leuctria which Aristotle affirmeth haue their eates and hornes growing both together forth of one stemme The Oxen of the Garamants and all other Neate among them feede with their necks doubled backward for by reason of their long and hanging hornes they cannot eate their meate holding their heads directly straight The selfe same is reported of the beastes of Trogloditae Solinus Herodotus in other things they differ not from other oxen saue onely in the hardnesse of their skinne and these oxen are called Opisthonomi Bangala Aristotle In the prouince of Bangala are oxen saith Paulus Venetus which equall the Elephant in hight The oxen in Mysia haue no hornes which other
which foolish people haue thought as it were by a witchcraft to cure the euils of their cattell But to let passe these and such like trifles let vs followe a more perfect description and rule to cure all manner of diseases in this cattel whose safegard and health next to a mans is to bee preferred aboue all other and firste of all the meanes whereby their sicknesse is discouered may be considered as all Lassitude or wearisomnesse thorough ouer much labour which appeareth by forbearing their meat or eating after another fashion then they are woont or by their often lying downe or else by holding out their tongue all which and many more signes of their diseases are manifest to them that haue obserued them in the time of their health and on the other side it is manifest that the health of an oxe may be known by his agility life stirring when they are lightly touched or pricked starting and holding their eares vpright fulnesse of their bellie and many other wayes There be also hearbes which increase in cattell diuers diseases as herbs bedewed with Honie bringeth the Murrain the iuice of black Chamaeleon killeth yong kie like the chine blacke Helebore Aconitum or Wolfe-bane which is that grasse in cilicia which inflameth oxen herbe henry and others It is also reported by Aristotle that in a piece of Thricia not far from that citty which is called the cittie of Media there is a place almost thirty furlongs in length where naturally groweth a kinde of barley which is good for men but pernitious for beasts The like may be said of Aegolothros Orobanche and Aestur but I wil hasten to the particular description of their diseases In the first place is the Malis or Glaunders already spoken of in the storie of the Asse The diseases which infeit Oxen Kye which may be known by these signes the oxes haire will be rough and hard his eies and necke hange downe matter running out of the nose his pace heauie chewing his cud little his backe-bone sharpe and his meat loathsome vnto him for remedie herof take sea-onoyns or Garlicke Lupines or cypres or else the foame of oile And if a Beast care hogges-dung they presentlie fall sicke of the Pestilence which infecteth the hearbes and grasse they breath on the waters whereof they drinke and the stals and lodgings wherein they lie The humors which annoy the body of oxen are many the first is a moist one called Malis yssuing at the nose the second a dry one when nothing appeareth outwardlye onely the beast forsaketh his meat the third an articular when the fore or hinder legs of the beast halte and yet the hoofes appeare sound the fourth is Farciminous wherein the whole body breaketh forth into matry bunches byles and appear healed til they break foorth in other places the fift Subtereutanrus when vnder the skinne there runneth a humour that breaketh forth in many places of the body the sixt a Subrenall when the hinder legs halte by reason of some paine in the loines the seuenth a Maunge or Leprosie and lastly a madnesse or Phrenzy all which are contagious and if once they enter into a heard they will infect euery beast if they be not seperated from the sicke and speedy remedy obtained The remedies against the last seuen are thus discribed by Columella First take Oxipanum and sea-holy roots mingled with fennel-seede and meale of beaten wheat rath-ripe put them in spring water warmed with hony nine spoonfuls at a time and with that medicine annoint the breast of the beaste then take the blood of a sea-snaile and for want thereof a common snaile put it into wine and giue the beast in at his nose and it hath bene approued to worke effectuall It is not good at any time to stirre vppe Oxen to running Cursus bonū ant ciet aluū aut febrim inducit for chasing will either moue them to loosenes of the belly or driue them into a feauer the nowe the signes of a feuer are these an immoderat heat ouer the whole body especially about the mouth tongue and eares teares falling out of the eies hollownes of their eyes a heauy and stooping drowzie head matter running out of his nose a hotte and difficulte breath and sometime fighing and violent beating of his vaines and loathing of meat for remedy whereof let the beast fast one whole day then let him be let blood vnder the taile fasting and afterward make him a drinke of bole-wort stalkes sod with oyle and lickquor of fish-sauce and so let him drinke it for fiue daies togither before he eat meat afterward let him eat the tops of Lentils and young small vine braunches then keepe his nose and mouth clean with a spunge and giue him colde water to drinke three times a day for the best meanes of recouery are cold meates and drinkes neither must the beast bee turned out of dores till he be recouered When an oxe is sicke of a cold giue him blacke wine and it will presently helpe him If an Oxe in his meate tast of hens doung his belly wil presently be tormented and swell vnto death if remedie be not giuen for this mallady take three ounces of parsley seed a pint and a halfe of Cummin two pounds of honey beat these togither and put it down his throat warme then driue the beast vp and down as long as he can stand then let as many as can stand about him rub his belly vntil the medicine worke to purgation and Vegetius addeth that the ashes of Elme wood well sod in oyle and put downe the beasts throat cureth the inflamation of hen-dung If at any time it happen that an oxe get into his mouth and throate a horse-leech which at the first will take fast holde and sucke the place she holds be it mouth or throat till she haue kild the beast if you canot take hold on her with the hand then put into the oxes throat a Cane or little hollow pipe euen to the place where the leech sucketh and into that pipe put warme oyle which as soone as the leech feeleth she presently leaueth hold It fortuneth sometimes that an oxe is stung or bitten with a Serpent Adder Viper or other such venimous beast for that wound take sharpe Trifoly which groweth in rocky places straine out the iuice and beat it with salte then scarifie the wound with that oyntment till it be wrought in If a field-mouse bite an Oxe so as the dint of her teeth appear then take a little commin and soft Pitch and with that make a plaister for the wound or if you can get another field-Mouse put her into oyle and there let it remaine till the mēbers of it be almost rotten then bruise it lay it to the sore and the same body shal cure whose nature gaue the wound Oxen are also much troubled with a disease called the hide-bound for remedy whereof when the beast is taken from
no man vse to eate much of them for it will breede palsies and trembling in mans body begetting grosse humors which stop the Melt and Lyuer and Auicenne proueth that by eating heereof men incur the quartane Ague wherefore it is good to pouder them with salt before the dressing and then seasoned with pepper other things knowne to euery ordinary cooke and woman they make of them pasties in most nations The Hart and braine of a hare or Cony haue the power of triacle for expelling of euill humors but the liuer is intollerable in foode the hornes being young are meate for Princes especially because they auoide poyson It was a cruell thing of King Ferdinand that caused the young ones to be cut out of the Dams belly and baked in pastils for his Liquorous Epicureall appetite The whole nature and disposition of euery part of this beast is against poison and venemous things as before recited The medicines of a Hart and his seueral parts Pliny Dioscorides Solinus His blood stayeth the loosenesse of the belly and all fluxes especially fryed with oyle and the inferior parts annoynted therewith and being drunke in Wine it is good against poysoned woundes and all intoxications The marrow of this beast is most approueable aboue other and is vsed for sweete odour against the gout and heate of men in consumptions and all outward paines and weakenesse as Serenus comprised in one sentence saying Et ceruina potest mulcere medulla rigorem frigoris Likewise the fat and marrowe mollifieth or disperseth all bunches in the flesh and olde swellings all vlcers except in the shinnes and legges and with Venus-nauill the Fistula mattery vlcers in the eares with Rozen Pitch Goose-greace and Goat-sewet the cleauing of the lips and with Calues sewet the heate and paine in the mouth and iawes It hath also vertue being drunke in warme water to aswage the paine in the bowels and small guts or bloody flixe Sextus The gall of a Bull Oyle of bayes Butter and this marrow by annoynting cureth paine in the knees and loynes and other euils in the seate of a man in the hipps and in the belly when it is costiue It procureth flowers of Women cureth the goute pimples in ones face and ringwormes Absyrtus prescribeth it to be giuen in sweete Wine with waxe vnto a horse for an old cough proceeding of cold after purging and heating by holding the Horsses tounge in ones hand while the medicine is thrust downe his throat The same in sheeps Milke with rubricke and soft Pitch drunke euery day or eaten to your meate helpeth the ptisicke and obstructions Anatolius approued beane meale sifted and sod with Harts marrow to be giuen to a horse which stalleth blood Marcellus for three daies together Also mingled with the poulder of Oyster-shels it cureth kibes and chilblanes A woman perfumed with the haires of this beast is preserued from abortements and the same perfume helpeth the difficulty of vrine and little pieces cut off from the hide with a pummise put in wine and rubbing the body helpeth the holy-fire The pouder of the bones burned is an antidote against the falling euill and the dispersing of the melt and the bones beaten to poulder stayeth the fluxe of the belly It were endlesse to describe al the vertues ascribed to the horne and therefore I will content my selfe with the recital of few Pliny and Solinus preferre the right horne Aristotle the left and the spires or tops are more medicinable then the hard and solide stemme but the hornes found in the Woodes lost by the beastes and growne light are good for nothing The other haue their vses both raw and burned which may be these that follow Take the horne and cut it into smal pieces then put it into an earthen pot annoynted within with durt and so set it in a furnace vntill it become White then wash it like a minerall and it will helpe the runnings and vlcers in the eies and the same also keepeth the teeth white and the gums sound The young hornes while they be soft being eaten are an antidote against henbane and other poysonfull herbes The right horne hid by the Hart in the earth is good against the poyson of Toades Pliny The Harts horne hath power to dry vp all humors Sextus and therefore it is vsed in eie salues and Orpheus promiseth to a bald man haire on his head againe if he annoynt it with oyle and poulder of this horne likewise the same with the seede of blacke mirtle Marcellus Butter and Oyle restraineth the falling away of the haire being annoynted vpon the head after it is newly shauen with vineger it killeth ringwormes Sextus The same burned in the sunne and afterward the face being rubbed and washed therwith thrice together taketh away pimples-spots out of the face the poulder drunke in wine or annoynted on the head killeth lice and nits the same with vineger Marcellus wine or oyle of roses annoynted vpon the forehead easeth the head-ache if it proceede of cold Galenus A perfume made of this horne with Castoreum and lime or Brimstone causeth a dead child strangled in his mothers wombe to come forth If the horne be taken raw and rubbed vpon the gums keepeth the cheekes from all annoyance of the tooth-ache and fasteneth the loose teeth as Sereneus said Quod vero assumpsit nomen de dente fricando Ceruino ex cornu cinis est Galen prescribeth the poulder of this horne for the Iaundise and for him that spitteth bloody matter and to stay vomit being taken in a reere Egge It comforteth also a rheumatike stomach and it is tryed to cure the Kinges euill it pacifieth the melt dryeth the Spleene driueth all kind of Wormes out of the belly being drunke with Hony and easeth the chollyck expelleth away mothes helpeth the strangury the paine in the bladder staieth fluxes in women both whit and red being mingled with barly meale water twigs of Cedar beside many other such properties The teares of this beast after she hath beene hunted with a Serpent are turned into a a stone called Belzahard or Bezahar of which we haue spoken before and being thus transubstantiated doe cure all manner of venom as Auenzoar and Cardinall Ponzetti affirme after many trials and Serenus also expresseth in this distichon Seminecis cerut lachryman miscere liquori Conuenit atque artus illine miscere calentes The liuer of this beast helpeth all sores in the feete being worne in the shooes the same dried to pouder with the throat or wind-pipe of the beast and mingled with Hony and so eaten helpeth the Cough Ptisicke sighing and short breathing Pliny and Sextus affirme that when a Hind perceiueth her selfe to be with young she deuoureth or eateth vp a certaine stone which is afterward found either in her excrements or ventricle and is profitable for all Women with childe and in trauell for by that onely fact the Hinde is most
not with the Scottish as also for that wee are more inclined and delighted with the noble game of hunting for we Englishmen are adicted and giuen to that exercise and painefull pastime of pleasure as well for the plenty of flesh which our parks and Forrests do foster as also for the opportunity and conuenient leisure which wee obtaine both which the Scots want Wherefore seeing that the whole estate of kindly hunting consisteth principaly in these two points in chasing the beast that is in hunting or in taking the bird that is infowling It is necessary and requisite to vnderstand that there are two sorts of dogs by whose meanes the feates within specified are wroght and these practises of actiuity cunningly and curiously compassed by two kindes of Dogs one which rouzeth the beast continueth the chase another which springeth the bird and bewraieth the flight by pursute Both which kinds are termed of the Latines by one common name that is Canes Venatici hunting dogs But because we English men make a difference betweene hunting and fowling for they are called by these seuerall words Venatio Aucupium so they term the dogs whō they vse in these sundry games by diuers names as those which serue for the beast are called Venatici the other which are vsed for the fowl are called Aucupatorij The first kind called Venatici I deuide into fiue sorts the first in perfect smelling the second in quicke spying the third in swiftnes and quicknes the fourth in smelling and nimblenes the fift in subtility and deceitfulnes heerein these fiue sorts excelleth Of the Dogge called a Harier in Latine Leuerarius THat kinde of Dogge whome nature hath indued with the vertue of smelling whose property it is to vse a lustines a readines and a couragiousnes in hunting and draweth into his nostrelles the aire or sent of the beast pursued and followed we call by this word Sagax the Grecians by this woorde Ichueuten of tracing or chasing by the foote or Rinelaten of the nostrells which be the instruments of smelling We may knowe these kinde of Dogs by their long large and bagging lips by their hanging eares reaching downe both sides of their chaps and by the indifferent and measurable proportion of their making This sort of Dogges we call Leuerarios Hariers that I may comprise the whole number of them in certain specialities and apply to them their proper and peculier names forsomuch as they cannot all be reduced and brought vnder one sort considering both the sundry vses of them and the difference of their seruice whereto they be appointed Some for the Hare the Foxe the Wolfe the Hart the Bucke the Badger the Otter the Polcat the Lobster the Weasell the Conny c. Some for one thing and some for another As for the Conny whome we haue lastly set downe we vse not to hunt but rather to take it sometime with the nette sometime with a Ferret and thus euery seuerall sorte is notable and excellent in his naturall quality and appointed practise Among these sundry sortes there be some which are apt to hunt two diuers beastes as the Foxe otherwhiles and other whiles the Hare but they hunt not with such towardnesse and good lucke after them as they doe that whereunto nature hath formed and framed them not onely in external composition and making but also in inward faculties conditions for they swarn oftentimes and do otherwise then they should Of the Dogge called a Terrar in Latine Terrarius ANother sorte there is which hunteth the Foxe and Badger or Gray onely whome we call Terrars because they after the maner and custom of Ferrets in searching for Connies creep into the ground and by that meanes make afraide nippe and bite the Foxe and the Badger in such sort that either they teare them in peeces with their teeth being in the bosome of the earth or else haile and pull them perforce out of their lurking angles darke dungeons and close caues or at the least through conceiued feare driue them out of their hollowe harbours in so much that they are compelled to prepare speedy flight and being desirous of the next albeit not the safest refuge are otherwise taken and intrapped with snares and nets laide ouer holes to the same purpose But these be the least in that kind called Sagaces Of the Dogge called a Bloudhound in Latine Sanguinarius THe greater sorte which serue to hunt hauing lips of a large size and eares of no small length doe not onely chase the beast whiles it liueth as the other do of whom mention aboue is made but being dead also by any manner of casualty make recourse to the place where it lyeth hauing in this pointe an assured and infallible guide namely the sent and sauour of the bloud sprinkled here and there vpon the ground For whether the beast beeing wounded doth notwithstanding enioy life and escapeth the hands of the huntsman or whether the said beaste being slaine is conuayed cleanly out of the parke so that there be some signification of bloud shed these Dogges with no lesse facility and easinesse then auidity and greedinesse can disclose and bewray the same by smelling applying to their pursute agility and nimblenesse without tediousnesse for which consideration of a singuler specialty they deserued to be called Sanguinarij bloodhoundes And albeit peraduenture it may chaunce as whether it chanceth seldome or sometime I am ignorant that a peece of flesh bee subtily stolne and cunningly conuayed away with such prouisoes and precaueats as thereby all apparance of blood is either preuented excluded or concealed yet these kinde of Dogs by certaine direction of an inward assured notice and priuy marcke pursue the deede dooers through long lanes crooked reaches and weary waies without wandering awry out of the limites of the land whereon these desperate purloiners prepared their speedy passage Yea the natures of these Dogs is such and so effectuall is their foresight that they can bewray separate and pick them out from among an infinite multitude and an innumerable company creepe they neuer so farre into the thickest throng they will finde him out notwithstanding he lie hidden in wilde Woods in close and ouergrowen groues and lurke in hollow holes apt to harbor such vngracious guestes Moreouer although they should passe ouer the water thinking thereby to auoide the pursute of the hounds yet will not these Dogs giue ouer their attempt but presuming to swim through the streame perseuer in their pursute and when they be arriued and gotten the further bancke they hunt vp and down to and fro runne they from place to place shift they vntill thay haue attained to that plot of ground where they passed ouer And this is their practise if perdy they cannot at the first time smelling find out the way which the deede doores tooke to escape So at length get they that by art cunning and diligent indeuour which by fortune and lucke they cannot otherwise ouercome In so
foure daies together being well beaten and stirred so as the Wine be as thicke as a Cawdell and there is nothing more forcible then Sea-crabs Hiera Diascincum poulder of Walnuts in warme raine Water Triacle Castoreum pilles spurge-seede and a decoction of Indian thorne with veruine giuen in water These may serue for seuerall compound inward remedies against these poysons and now follow the simple First eating of garlike in our meate drinking of wormwood rams flesh burned and put into wine and so drunk There is an hearb called Alysson by reason of the power it hath against this euill which being bruised and drunke cureth it The liuer of a Boare dried and drunk in wine hath the same operation Iewes lime drunk in water leeks onions in meat dogs blood the head the vaine vnder the tongue commonly supposed to be a worme and the liuer of the dog which hath don the hurt are also prescribed for a remedy of this euill but especially the liuer or rennet of a young puppy the rinde of a Wilde figtree a dâ—am of Castoreum with oyle of roses Centaury or Chamaeleon the roote of a wild rose called Cynorrhodon and Cynosbaton Ellebor the braine of a hen drunke in some liquor sorrel Hony mints and plantine but Pimpinella Germanica is giuen to all cattell which are bitten by a mad Dog Besides many other such like which for breuity sake I omit concluding against all superstitious curing by inchantments or supposed miracles such as is in a certaine church of S. Lambert in a citty of Picardye where the masse priestes when a man is brought vnto them hauing this euill they cut a crosse in his forehead and lay vpon the wound a piece of S. Lamberts stole burning which they say though falesely is reserued to this day without diminution then do they sow vp the wound again lay another plaister vpon it prescribing him a diet which is to drink water and to eat hard Egs but if the party amend not within forty daies they binde him hand and foote in his bed and laying another bed vpon him there strangle him as they thinke without all sinne and for preuentings of much harme that may come by his life if â—ee should bite another This story is related by Alysius and it is worth the noting how murther accompanieth superstitious humane inuentions and the vaine presumptuous confidence of crosse-worshippers and thus much of the madnesse of dogs and the cure thereof in men and beasts In the next place the conclusion of this tedious discourse followeth which is the naturall medicines arising out of the bodyes of dogs and so wee will tye them vp for this time The naturall medicines Whereas the inward partes of men are troubled with many euils it is deliuered for truth that if little Melitaean Dogs or young sucking puppies be layed to the brest of a child or man that hath infectious passions or pains in his entrals the paine wil depart from the man into the beast for which cause they burned them when they were dead Serenus doth expresse this very elegantly saying Qâ—in etiam catulum lactentem apponere membris Conuenit omne malum transcurrere fertur in illum Cui tamen extincto munus debetur humandi Humanos quia contactus mala tanta sequntur Et iunctus vitium ducit de coniuge coniux Amatus If a Whelpe be cut asunder aliue and layed vpon the head of a mad melancholike Woman it shall help her and it hath the same power against the spleene If a woman growe barren after she hath borne children Hippocrates let her eate young Whelp-flesh and Polypus fishe sod in Wine and drinke the broath and she shall haue ease of all infirmities in her stomach and wombe Furnerius Water destilled out of Whelpes causeth that pieled or shauen places shall neuer more haue haire grow vpon them With the fat of whelps bowelled and sod til the flesh come from the bones then taken and put into another vessell and the weake resolute or paralitike members being therewith anoynted they are much eased if not recouered Alysius saith he made experience of puppies sod aliue in oyle whereby he cured his gouty legd horses and therefore it cannot chuse but be much more profitable for a man The skin of a dog held with the fiue fingers stayeth distillations it hath the same operation in gloues and stockins and it will also ease both Ache in the belly head and feet and therefore it is vsed to be worne in the shooes against the gout Pliny The flesh of madde Dogges is salted and giuen in meate to them which are bitten by mad Dogs for a singular remedy The blood is commended against all intoxicating poysons and paines in the small guts and it cureth scabs The fat is vsed against deafenesse of the eares the gout nits in the head and incontinency of vrine giuen with Alumme A plaister made of the marrow of a Dog and old wine is good against the falling of the fundament The haire of a blacke Dog easeth the falling sicknesse the braines of a Dog in linte and Wooll layed to a mans broken bones for foureteene dayes together doeth consolidate and ioyne them together again which thing caused Serenus to make these excellent verses Infandum dictu cunctis procull absit amicis Sed fortuna potens omen conuertat in hostes Vis indigna noue si sparserit ossa fragore Conuentet cerebrum blandi canis addere fractis Lintea deinde superque inductu nectere lauas Saepius succos conspergere pinguis oliui Bis septem credunt reuatescere cuncta diebus The braine-pan or scul of a Dog cloue asunder is aplied to heale the paine in the eies that is if the right eie bee grieued thereunto apply the right side of the scull if the left eie the left side The vertues of a Dogs head made into poulder are both many and vnspeakeable by it is the biting of mad Dogs cured it cureth spots and bunches in the head and a plaister thereof made with Oyle of Roses healeth the running in the head it cureth also tumours in the priuy parts and in the seate the chippings in the fingers and many other diseases The poulder of the teeth of Dogges maketh Childrens teeth to come forth with speed and easie and if their gums be rubd with a dogs tooth it maketh them to haue the sharper teeth and the poulder of these Dogs teeth rubbed vpon the Gummes of young or olde caseth tootache and abateth swelling in the gummes The tongue of a Dogge is most wholesome both for the curing of his owne woundes by licking as also of any other creatures The rennet of a Puppy drunke with Wine dissolueth the Collicke in the same houre wherein it is drunke Rasis Sextus and the vomit of a Dog layed vpon the belly of a hydropick man causeth Water to come forth at his stoole The gall healeth all wheales and blisters after
which drinke the blood of this goat comming hot out of his body immediately after the wound giuen against that sicknes The fat milke of a wilde goat mingled together haue cured one long sick of the Ptisick The wilde goats of Creet being wounded with poysoned Dartes runne presently and eate of the hearbe Dittani by the vertue and iuice whereof they not onely auoid the arrow which sticketh in their skin but also death and cure the poyson OF THE KYD. HAuing formerly discoursed of seuerall kindes of Goates Of the name now it followeth that we should also intreat of the Kid which is the yssue of a Goat and first of the seuerall names therof It is called in Haebrew Egedi which because it signifieth also a Lambe they put vnto it Haissim and the plurall masculine is Gedaijm and the feminine Gedioth Gen. 35. where the Caldean translation hath Gadeia the Persian Bus-kahale or else Cahali busan for the Persians render Cahale for Sheter in Haebrew Busan for Issim The Septuagints render Erifon and vulgarly at this day the Grecians cal him Eriphoi but the truth is that Eriphoi are kids of three or foure months old and after that time vntill their procreation Varinus they are called Chimaroi the Latines cal him Hoedi ab edendo from eating as Isidorus saith for then their flesh is tender and fat and the tast therof pleasant The Italians call it Cauretto or Capretto and Ciauerello the Rhetians which speak Italian Vlzol the Spaniardes Cabrito the French Chereru the Germans Gitse or Kitslain the Polonians Koziel It was a question whether nature would finish her parts vpon a young one out of the dams belly wherefore a triall was made vpon a kid which neuer saw his dam for vpon a season a dissexion was made vpon a Female-goate great with young and out of her belly was her young one taken aliue so as it could neuer see the mother the same kid was put into a house where were many boales full of wine oyle milke and Hony and other lyquid thinges there also lay beside him diuers kindes of fruits both of the vine of corne and of plants at last this kid was seene to arise and stand vpon his feete and as if somebody had told him that his Legges were made to walke vpon he shooke off all that moistnesse which he brought with him out of his mothers belly afterwardes he scratched his side with his foote and then went and smelled at all the former vessels and at last comming to the milke-boule he supped and licked thereof which when the behoulders saw they all cryed out that Hipocrates rule was most true Animalium naturas esse indoctas that is to say the natures of creatures are not formed by Art but of their owne inclination There is nothing more wanton then a Kid whereupon Ouid made this verse Splendidior vitro tenero lasciuior hoedo They often iumpe and leape among themselues and then they promise faire weather Aelianuâ— but if they keep continually with the flocks and depart not from their mothers or continually sucke and licke vp their meat also they for-shew a storm and therfore they must be gathered to their folds according to the Poets saying si sine fine modoque Pabula delbent cum tutas vesper adire Compellat caulas monstrabunt ad fore nimbos If Geese swallow the haires of Kids or Goats they die thereof Kids are not to be separated from their Dammes Aâ—atolius Varro or weaned till they be three months old at which time they may be ioyned to the flockes they are nourished when they are young after the same manner as they be at a year old except that they must be more narrowly looked vnto least their lasciuiousnesse ouerthrow their age and besides their Milk you must giue vnto them three leaued-grasse Palladius Iuy and the toppes of lentiles tender leaues or small twigges of trees and whereas commonly they are brought forth in twinnes it is best to choose out the strongest headed kid for the flock and to sel the other away to the Butchers Out of the rennet of the Calues or Kids is the Coagulation There was a certaine law as appeareth by Baifyus in the bookes of the ciuill Lawyers that shooes should be made of the skinnes of Kids as appeared by auncient Marble monuments at Rome which thing Martiall approueth in his verses to Phebus shewing how time altereth al things and that the skins of kids which were wont to couer bald heads are not put vpon bare legs the verses are these that follow Oedina tibi pelle Contegenti Nudae tempore verticemque caluae Fefliue tibi phebe dixit ille Qui dixit câ—put esse calciatum Albertus Out of the hide of a Kid is made good glue and in the time of Cicero they stuffed beddes with Kids haire their flesh hath been much esteemed for delicate meat for that cause dressed and trimmed sundry waies the best Kids for meate haue been said to come from Melos or Vmbratia or Viburtinum which neuer tasted grasse but haue more milke in them then blood according to the saying of Iuuenall De viburtino veniet pinguissimus agro Hoedulus toto grege mollior nescius herbae Hâ—c dum ausus virgas humilis mordere falicti For this cause they may safely be eaten all the yeare long while they sucke both of men of temperate and whot constitution Arnoldus for they are lesse hurtfull then the Rammes and doe easily disgest and nourish temperately for they engender thinne and moyst blood and also helpe all whot and temperate bodies and they are at the best when as they are neither too olde that is aboue sixe monthes nor two younge that is vnder two monethes The red or sandy coloured are the best yet is their flesh hurtfull to the Collicke Simeon Sethi affirmeth that if a man eate a kids liuer before he drinke in the morning he shal not be ouer drunke that day Celtus also prescribeth it in the sickenesse of the Holy-fire They are wholesome sod roasted or baked but the ribs are best sodde Platina teacheth one way whereby it was dressed in his time for a delicate dishe they tooke some fielde Herbes and fat broath twoe Whites of an Egge well beaten together with twoo heades of Garlike a little Saffron and a little Pepper with the Kiddes flesh put all together into a dish rosted before at the fire vpon a spitte with Parsely Rosemary and Lawrel leaues and so serud out with that sauce and set it on the table but if they did not eate it before it was colde it weakened the eyeâ—sight and raised vp venerial lust The bloode also of a Kid was made into a bludding and giuen to be eaten of them which haue the bloody-flixe They haue also deuised to dresse a Kidde whot and to fill his belly with Spices and other good things likewise it is sod in Milke with Lawrell with diuers other
fashions which euery Cooke is able to practise without the knowledge of learning And thus I might conclude the discourse of Kiddes with a remembraunce of their constellation in the Waggoner vppon the Bulles Horne which the Poets obserue for signes and tokens foreshewing Rayn and Clowdy weather according to Virgils verse Quantus ab occasu veniens pluuialibus Hoedi These Starres rise in the Euening about the Nones of October and in December they were wont to sacrifice a kid with wine to Faunus There is a byrd called Captilus which is a great deuourer of kiddes and Lambes and the same also is hunted by a Dragon for when she hath filled hir selfe with these beastes being wearied and idle the Dragon doth easily set vpon hir and ouer take her Also when they fish for the Worm seuen Cubits long in the Riuer Indus they bait their hooke with a lambe or Kid as is reported by Aelianus and the auncientes were wont by inspection into the intrals of Kiddes to declare or search into thinges to come as Gyraldus amongst other their superstitious vanities rehearseth The manifold medicinall properties of Goates come now in the end of this story to be declared and first of all it is to bee noted that these properties are seuerall both in the Male female and Kidde and therefore they are not to be confounded but as the delygence of learned Authors hath inuented and left them seuerally recorded so they require at our hands which are the heyres of such benificiall helpes the same care and needfull curtisie There are some which doe continually nourish Goates in stables neere their dwelling Houses with an opinion that they help to continue them in health Plinyus The medicines arising out of male Goates for the ancientes ordained that a man which had beene bitten or stroke by Serpents and could not easily be cured thereof should bee lodged in a Goates stable The haires of a Goate-bucke burned and perfumed in the presence or vnder a man whose genitall is decayed it cureth him Sextus The poulder of a Wine bottell made of a Goates skinne with a little Rozen doeth not onely stanch the bloode of a greene-wounde but also cure the same The powder of the Horne with Nitre and Tamariske seede butter and Oyle Pliny after the head is shauen by annointing it therewith strengthneth the haire from falling off when it groweth againe and cureth the Alopecia and a horne burnt to powder and mingled with meale Sextus cureth the chippings in the head and the scabs for taking away the smell of the arme-pits they take the Horne of an old Goat and either scrape or burne the same then adde they to it a like quantity of Mirrhe the Goates gall and first scrape or shaue off the haire and afterward rub them therewith euery day and they are cured by that perfrication Dioscorides The bloud fryed in a panne and afterwardes drunke with Wine Aetius is a preseruatiue against intoxications and cureth the bloody-flixe and the bloode in a Seare-cloath is applyed against the goute and clenseth away all Leprosies and if the bloode come forth of the Nose without stay then rubbe the Nose with this bloud of a Goate It being fitted to meate cureth all the paines of the inward partes being sodde vppon coales stayeth the loosenesse of the belly and the same applyed to the belly mixed with fine flower Marcellus and Rozen easeth the paine in the small guts the same mixed with the marrow of a Goate which hath beene fed with Lentiles cureth the Dropsie and being drunke alone breaketh the stone in the reines and with Parsly drunke in Wine also dissolueth the stone in the bladder and preuenteth all such calculating grauell in time to come There is a Medicine called by the Apothecaryes Diuina manus Gods hand against the stone and they make it in this manner When Grapes begin to waxe ripe Albertus they take a new earthen pot and poure into it Water and seeth the same till all the scumme or earthy substance thereof be eiected the same pot clensed then take out of the flock a Male Goat of foure year old or thereabouts and receiue his blood as it runneth forth of his slaughtered body into that pot so as you let goe the first and last streame thereof to the ground and saue the residue then let it thicken in the pot and so being therein congealed break it into many pieces with a reede and then couering it with some linnen cloth and set it abroad in the day time where it may gather dew and then the next day set it abroad in the Sunne againe to exhale the same dew if in the meane time there fall no raine then let it dry and afterward make thereof a powder and preserue it in a boxe and when the euill pincheth vse a spoonefull of it with Wine of Creete and Philagrius commendeth the manifold benefit heereof for he had often tryed it and with a medicine made of an Affrican Sparrow mixed with this he procured one to make water and to void a great stone which had not vented his vrine in many daies and liued in the meane time in horrible paynes and the same vertue is attrybuted heereunto if it bee annointed neere the bladder and one be bathed in the warme aire and so oftentimes both the bath and the ointment be reiterated Marcellus teacheth how one may make tryall of the vertue of this blood for if he take a Male-goate and put him vp close seuen daies feeding him in the meane time continually with baies and afterward cause a young Boy to kil him and receiue his bloud in a bladder and put in the said bladder sandy stones like vnto those that are engendered in the bladder of man within short time he shall see those stones dissolued and scarce to be found in the bladder of blood by which he confidently affirmeth that nothing in the World is of like power to remooue the stone but withal he willeth some superstitious obseruations as namely that he be killed by a chast person and on a thursday or sunday or such like but the conclusion is that the saide blood must bee dryed to powder in an Ouen and afterward prescribeth that three ounces heereof one ounce of Time one ounce of Peniroyall three ounces of burned Polypus one ounce of white Pepper one ounce of Apian and one ounce of Loueage-seede to be giuen to the party in sweet wine fasting and hauing no meat in his stomack vndigested and hauing digested the medicine he must eat presently And therefore if it be true as all antiquity and experience approueth that the Goates blood breaketh and dissolueth the Adamant stone then much more saith Iacobus Siluius may it worke vppon the stone in a mans bladder The flesh of Goats decocted in Water take away all bunches and kernels in the body Pliny The fat of this beast is more moysT then a females or a kids
olde Cough let him take the dryed trindles and put them into the best wine and drinke it off so shall he presently auoid his fleame and filthy humor and be healed The remedies out of a wilde Goat The same vertue which are in the Goats before spoken of do also belong to the wilde Goats the blood taketh away bunches in the flesh and being mingled with Sea-palme causeth the hair to fall off An ointment made of the fat of Goates is profitable to them which haue webs in their eies and the fat of mountaine Goats helpeth infected Lightes His liuer broiled vpon coales and taken alone helpeth the Flix but most certainely when it is dried and drunke in wine the gawle is good for many things especially it is a Treacle against poison suffusions whitnesse and blindnesse of the eies by annointing it cureth the purblind and the webs in the eie and generally it hath the same properties in euery part as the tame goats before spoken of The like may be said of the Kyds or young goats and first of all a Kyd being slit assunder aliue and his warme flesh laide to a poisoned wound doeth most assuredly heale the same Others take the warm flesh of kyds and perfume them with hair by the sauor whereof they driue away Serpents the skinne newly pulled off and put vppon the body beaten with stripes taketh away their paine others againe vse it against the Crampe and not without reason for the tender skinnes of Lambes and Goates being sprinkled or dipped in Warme Oyle giueth very much strength and patience to endure the convultion Praxagoras prescribeth the flesh against the falling euil and by gargarizing the broath when it was sod cureth the Quinsie and sorenesse of the throat Demetrius saith that the braine being drawne thorough a gold ring and giuen to a Hawke which hath the fallinge sicknes it will worke admirably vpon her The blood being dried and decocted with marrow is good against all intoxicat passions and being mingled with sharpe Vineger before it be congealed it helpeth the spitting of blood the same being eaten cureth all kinde of Flixes being taken three daies together Gallen rehearseth in the Antidot of Vrbane among other things the blood of Kyds to draw the deade young ones out of the dammes belly With the fatte there is an ointment made with rose water to heale the fissures of the lippes and nose which is much desired of women not onely for the before rehearsed virtue but also because by annointing they keepe by it their face from Sunne-burning The French and Italians call it Pomato because it smelleth like Apples they put also into it muske and Rose-water a pound of kyds sewet and warme it in a Bath vntill all bee white and so wash it with the saide rose water and afterward repose it in a glasse The ointment which is caled Vnguentum album is like vnto it the ashes of the thighes of a kyd healeth burstnes and stancheth blood the rennet is also commendable against Hemlocke or toad-stoole and against al the poisonfull strokes of Sea-beasts Being drunke in Wine it stayeth bleeding and refresheth excreations of bloode being taken with Vineger it helpeth also the flix being drunk fasting it hath some operation to stay womens flowers The lights of a kydde sod and eaten fasting preserueth from drunkennesse that day and the powder of it burned easeth the itching of the eies and pield eyelids if it be applyed like Stibium likewise the bladder of a female kyd drunke in powder helpeth the inconstancy of vrine the melt laide vppon the Spleene of an infant asswageth the paine and tumors thereof the liuer is not fit for temperate men but for weake colliricke men The inhabitants of the mount Atlas do gather Euforbium and corrupt it with Kyddes milke but it is discerned by fire for the good Euforbium being burned yeeldeth an vnacceptable sauor and so we conclude this storie with the two Emblems of Altiatus One against them that take much paine and make good beginninges but euell endes like a goat which giueth a good messe of milke and ouerturneth it with hir foot Quod fine egregios turpi muculaueris orsus Innoxamque tuum verteris officium Fecisti quod Capra sui mulctraria lactis Cum ferit proprias calce pro fundit opes The other Emblem is vpon a Goat the which by her keeper was constrained to giue a young wolfe suck who afterward notwithstanding that good turn deuoureth his nurse and it maie be applied vnto them which nourish their owne harmes and saue a theef from the gallowes Capra lupum non sponte meo nunc vbere lacto Quod male pastoris prouida cura iubet Ceruerit ille simul mea me post vbere pascit Improbitas nullo flectitur obsequio There is a prettie comparison of a Harlottes loue to a fisherman which putteth vpon him a goats skin with the hornes to deceiue the Sargus-fish for that fish loueth a goat aboue all other creatures and therefore the fisher-man beguileth her with a false appearance as the flattering loue of Harlots do simple minds by fained protestations OF THE GVLON THis beast was not known by the ancients but hath bin since discouered in the Northern parts of the world and because of the great vorasity thereof it is called Gulo that is a deuourer in imitation of the Germans who call such deuouring creatures Vilsruss and the Swedians Cerff in Lituania and Muscouia it is called Rossomokal It is thought to be engendered by a Hyaena a Lionesse for in quality it resembleth a Hyaena Mathias it is the same which is called Crocuta it is a deuouring and an vnprofitable creature hauing sharper teeth then other creatures Some thinke it is deriued of a wolfe and a dog for it is about the bignesse of a dog it hath the face of a Cat the body and taile of a Foxe being black of colour his feet and nailes be most sharp his skin rusty the haire very sharp and it feedeth vpon dead carkases These things are reported by Olaus Magnus and Mathias Michou But I would to God that this same more then beastly intemporate gluttony had beene circumscribed and confined within the limets of those vnchristian or hereticall-apostaticall-countries and had not spred it selfe and infected our more ciuell and christian partes of the World so should not nobility society amity good fellowship neighborhood and honesty be euer placed vpon drunken or gluttonous companions or any man be comended for bibbing and sucking in wine and beere like a swine When in the meane season no sparke of grace or christianity appeareth in them which notwithstanding they take vppon them being heerein worse then beastes who stil reserue the notes of their nature and preserue their liues but these loose the markes of humanity reason memory and sence with the condicions of their families applying themselues to consume both patrimony and pence in this voracity and forget the Badges of
whereby it commeth to passe that they do not litter al at a time but many daies asunder bringing forth one perfect and another bald without haire but al blind like other clouen-footed-beasts It is reported that twoe Hares brought into the Isle Carpathus filled that Iland with such aboundance that in short time they destroyed al the fruites whereuppon came the prouerbe Carpathius Leporem to signifie them which plow and sow their owne miseries It falleth out by deuine prouidence that Hares and other fearefull beasts which are good for meat shall multiply to greater numbers in short space because they are naked and vnarmed lying open to the violence of men and beasts but the cruell and malignant creatures which liue only vpon the deuouring of their inferiours as the Lyons Wolues Foxes and Beares conceiue but verie seldome because there is lesse vse for them in the world and God in his creatures keepeth downe the cruell and rauenous but aduanceth the simple weake and despised when the female hath littered her young ones she firste licketh them with her tongue and afterwards seeketh out the male for copulation Hares do sildome wax tame and yet they are amongst them Hares sildom tamed which are neither Placidae nor Faerae tame nor wilde but middle betwixt both and Cardane giueth this reason of their vntamable nature because they are perswaded that all men are their enemies Scaliger writeth that he saw a tame Hare in the castle of Mount Pesal An example of a tame hare whoe with her hinder legges would come and strike the Dogges of her owne accord as it were defieng their force and prouoking them to follow her Therefore for their meate they may be tamed and accustomed to the hand of man but they remaine vncapable of al discipline and ignorant of their teachers voice so as they can neuer be brought to be obedient to the call and command of their teacher neither will go nor come at his pleasure It is a simple creature hauing no defence but to run away yet it is subtile as may apear by changing of her forme and by scraping out her footsteps when shee leapeth into her forme that so she may deceiue her hunters Aelianus also she keepeth not her young ones togither in one litter but layeth them a furlong one from another that so she may not loose them altogether if peraduenture men or beastes light vppon them The subtility of hares Neither is she carefull to feede her selfe alone but also to be defended against her enemies the Eagle the Hawke The defence of the hare against her enemies the Fox and the Wolfe for she feareth all these naturally neither can there be any peace made betwixt her and them but she rather trusteth the scratching brambles the solitarie woods the ditches and corners of rockes or hedges the bodies of hollow trees and such like places then a dissembling peace with her aduersaries The wilde Hawke when she taketh a Hare she setteth one of her talants in the earth and with the other holdeth her prey striuing and wrastling with the beast vntil she haue pulled out his eies and then killeth him The Foxes also compasse the poor Hare by cunning Albertus for in the night time when he falleth into her foot-steps he restraineth his breth and holdeth in his sauor going forward by little and little vntil he find the form of the Hare and then thinking to surprize her on a suddaine leapeth at her to catch her but the watchfull Hare doth not take sleepe after a carelesse manner delighting rather in suspition than security when she pereciueth the approaching of such a guest for she windeth him with her Nostrils and thinketh it better to goe from home than make a feast to her foe Wherefore she leapeth out of her forme and runneth away with all speed she can The Foxe also followeth but a farre off and she hearing her aduersarie no more betaketh her selfe to rest againe vnder some bramble or other bush supposing that the ground shee hath gotten shal neuer be recouered of her againe but the prouerbe is old and true faire and softly goeth far so the Fox which seldome getteth meat but winneth it with his wit his heels foloweth as fast as he cā for a slow pace ouertaketh the hare at rest which whē she perceiueth forth shee goeth againe forsaking her quiet sleepe for the sauegarde of her life hauing gone so much ground as she did before she betaketh her to rest the second time hoping that now shee hath quit her selfe from her foe but the Foxes belly hath no eares and therefore hunger is to him like a thousand whips or a whole kennel of hounds forceing him forward after his game The hare for her better sauegard getteth vp into some smal tree being sleepy and weary through the Foxes pursute the Fox commeth to the tree and shaketh it by the rootes and wil not suffer the hare to take any rest for he hopeth that time and trauel wil bring hir to his dish she leapes away againe and letteth no grasse grow vnder his feet hoping that her heeles shal deliuer her from the Foxes teeth After followes the Fox and at length as the greater pursse ouer waigheth the smaller and the great horsse of Warre ouerwearieth the little hunting nag so doth the lusty limbes of the Fox outlast the weake legges of the hare and when she can go no more needes must her weakenes betray her to hir foe and so was hir flight and want of rest like a sicknesse before her death and the Foxes presence like the voice of a passing bell Aelianus And on the contrary all the labour of the Foxe like a gentle and kinde exercise for the preparing of his stomacke to such a feast The fift and least kind of Wolues are also enemies to hares and the Weasill do craftily sport and play with the hare vntill he haue wearied him and then hangeth fast vpon her throat and will not loose her holde rume the hare neuer so fast till at last through want of breath and losse of blood she falleth into the hands of her cruel play-fellow who turneth sport into good earnest taketh nothing from her but her blood leauing her carcasse to be deuoured by the hands of others and in this manner is the seely hare hunted by beastes Now let vs heare how she is hunted of men The hunting of hares It is before expressed that euery limbe of a hare is composed for celerity and therefore she neuer trauelleth but iumpeth her eares lead her the way in her chase for with one of them she harkeneth to the voice of the dogges and the other she stretcheth forth like a saile to hasten her course alwaies stretching her hinder-feet beyond her former and yet not hindering them at all but sometimes when her ardent desire maketh her straine to fly from the dogges she falleth into the nettes for such is the state of the
labour for all these are enemies to her foaling and cause abortement Likewise they must not haue too much meate nor too little but onely a temperate dyet and softe lodging their better ordering is elegantly described in Virgill in these verses Non illas grauibus quisquamiug a ducere plaustras Non saltu superare viam sit passus acri Carpere prata fuga sluuiosque innare rapaces Saltibus in vacuis pascant plena secundum Flumina viridissima gramine ripa Spleuncaeque tegant sacra procubet vmbra This is most certaine that if a Woman in her flowers touch a mare with foale or sometimes doe but see her it causeth to cast her foale if that purgation be the first after her virginity Orus In like manner if they smell of the snuffe of a candle or eat bucke-mast or Gartian The Egyptians when they wil describe a woman suffering abortement they picture a Mare treading vpon a Wolfe for if a Mare kicke at a Wolfe or tread where a Wolfe hath troad shee casteth her foale If an asse couer a Mare which a horsse hath formerly filled there followeth abortment but if a horsse couer a Mare which an Asse hath formerly filled there followeth no abortment because the horsses seed is hotter then the Asses If a Mare be sicke of abortment or foaling Pollipody mingled with warme water giuen hir in a horne is a present remedy The Scythians when they perceiue their Mares to be quicke with foale Aristotle The time of their going with young they ride vpon them holding opinion that thereby they cast forth their foales with lesse paine and difficulty They carry their young one in their wombes as hath beene already said twelue moneths but sometimes they come at eleuen moneths and ten daies and those are commonly males for the males are sooner perfected in the womb then the females and commonly the females are foaled at twelue months or ten daies and those which tary longer are vnprofitable and not worth education A Mare is most easily deliuered of her young among other beasts and beareth most commonly but one at a time yet it hath been seen that twins hath proceeded from her At the time of her deliuery shee hath lesse purgation of blood then so great a molde of body can affoorde and when she hath foaled Aristotle shee deuoureth her seconds and also a thing that cleaueth to her foales fore-heade being a piece of blacke flesh called Hippomanes neither doth shee suffer her young one to sucke vntill she haue eaten that for by smelling thereunto the young and old horsses or other of that kind would fal mad and this thing haue the imposters of the world vsed for a Phyltre or amorous cuppe to draw Women to loue them Virgill speaketh thus of it Quaeritur nascentis Equi de fronte reuulsus Et matris praereptus amor And againe Hinc demiem Hippomanes vero quod nomine dicunt Pastores Lentum distillat ab inguine virus Hippomanes quod saepe malae legere nouercae Miscueruntque herbas non innoxia verba This poison made into a candle Anaxilaus saith in the burning thereof there shall bee a presentation of many monstrous horsse-heads There is verie great poison contained in this Hippomanes for the Arcadian Phormis made a horsse of brasse at Olympia and put Hipomanes into the same and if the horsses at any time had seene this brazen horsse they weare so farre inraged with lust that no halters or bands could hold them but breaking all runne and leaped vpon the said brazen horsse and although it wanted a taile yet wold they forsake any beautiful Mare and runne to couer it neither when they came vnto it and found it by their heeles to be sounding and hard brasse woulde they despaire of copulation but more and more with noise of mouth rage and endeuor of body labor to leape vpon the same althogh the slippery brasse gaue them no admission or stay of abod vpon the backe of that substance neither could they be drawne from the saide brazen Image vntil by the great strength and cruel stripes of the riders they were forcibly driuen away Some thinke this little peece of flesh to cleaue to the fore-head others to the loynes and many to the genitals but howsoeuer it is an vnspeakeable part of Gods prouidence to make the Mares belly a sepulchre for that poison for if it should remaine in the males as in the females the whole race of horsses would vtterly perish and be destroied throgh rage of lust for which cause the keepers and breeders of horses do diligently obserue the time of their Mares-foaling and instantly cut off the same from the Colte reseruing it in the hoofe a Mare to procure the Stallions to carnal copulation and the Colt from which they cut this piece of flesh they sacrificed it for it is manifest faith Elianus that the Mare will neuer loue that foale from whence shee hath not eaten and consumed this peece of flesh And this poison is not onely powerful in brute beasts but also in reasonable men for if at any time by chance or ignorantly they tast heereof they likewise fall to be so madde and praecipitate in luste raging both with gestures and voice that they caste their lustfull eyes vppon euerie kind of Women attempting wheresoeuer they meet them to rauish or ingender with them and besides because of this oppression of their minde their body consumeth and vadeth away for three daies after the Colt is foaled hee can hardly touch the ground with his head It is not good to touch them for they are harmed by often handling onely it is profitable that it be suffered with the damme in some warme and large stable so as neither it be vexed with cold nor in daunger to be oppressed by the Mare thorough want of roome Also their hooues must be looked vnto least their dung sticking vnto them burne them afterward when it waxeth stronger turne him out into the field with his damme least the Mare ouer-mourne her selfe for want of hir foale for such beasts loue their young ones exceedingly After three daies let the Mare bee exercised and rid vppe and downe but with such a pace as the foale may follow her for that shall amend and encrease her milke If the Colt haue soft hooues it will make him runne more speedily vppon the hard ground or else lay little stones vnder their feet for by such meanes their hooues are hardned and if that preuaile not take swines grease and brimstone neuer burned and the stalkes of Garlicke bruzed and mingled all together and therewithall anoint the hooues The mountaines also are good for the breeding of Colts for two causes first for that in those places their hooues are hardned and secondly by their continual ascending and discending their bodies are better prepared for induring of labour And thus much may suffice for the educating and nursing of foales For their weaning obserue
somtime spred throughout al the vaines of the body and sometimes perhaps remaining only in the head or else in the spleene or places next adioyning The other mad Horsse was a Roane of Maisters Ashleies maister of the Iewell house which with his teeth crushed his maisters right forefinger in pieces whilest he offered him a little hay to eate whereby hee lost in a manner the vse of his whole hand to the great griefe of al his friends and also of al the muses which were wont to be much delighted with such passing sweete musick as that his fine quauering hand could sometime make vpon diuers instrumentes but especially vpon the Virginals This Horsse I say though he could eat his meat drinke his drink and sleepe yet if hee were neuer so little offended he would take on like a spirit and both bite and strike at any man that came nigh him yea and would bite himselfe by the shoulders most terribly pulling away lumps of flesh so broad as a mans hand and whensoeuer he was ridden he was faine to be musled with a mussell of iron made of purpose to keep him from biting either of his rider or himselfe which no doubt proceeded of some kinde of frenzy or madnes whereunto the Horsse was subiect by meanes that hotblood as I take it abounded ouermuch in him But now as touching the causes signes and cure of Horsses madnesse you shal heare the opinion of old writers for Martin neuer tooke such cure in hand Absirtus and the other Authors before mentioned say that the madnesse of a Horsse commeth either by meanes of some extreame heat taken by traueling or long standing in the hot sun or else by eating ouer many fitches or by some hot bloode resorring to the pannicles of the brain or through aboundance of choler remaining in the vaines or else by drinking of some very vnwholsome water The signes bee these he wil bite the manger and his owne body and run vpon euery man that comes nigh him he will continually shake his eares and stare with his eies and fome at the mouth and also as Hipocrates saith hee will forsake his meat and pine himselfe with hunger The cure Cause him to be let blood in his Legs aboundanly which is doone as I take it to diuert the bloode from his head Notwithstanding it were not amisse to let him blood in the Neck and brest vains Then giue him this drinke take the roots of wild Cowcumber and boile it in harsh red wine put thereunto a litle Nitre and giue it him with a horn lukwarm or if you can get no Cucumber then take Rue Mints and boile them in the wine It were not amisse also to adde thereunto a handfull of blacke Elleborus for that is a very good herbe against madnes Eumelius saith that if you giue him mans dung in wine to drink 3. mornings together it wil heale him also to take of black Elleborus 2. or 3. handfuls boile it in a sufficient quantity of strong vineger therwith rub and chafe both his head and all his body once or twice a day for the oftner his head is rubbed the better and often exercise is very profitable to al his body Some againe would haue the skin of his head to be pierced in diuers places with an hot iron to let out the euill humors but if none of all this will preuaile then the last remedy is to geld him of both his stones or else of one at the least for either that wil heale him or else nothing As touching the diet and vsage of a mad Horsse the Authors doe not agree for some would haue him kept in a close darke and quiet house voyde from all noise which as Absirtus saith will either make him madder or else kill him out of hand His diet would be thin that is to say without any prouender and that daie that he is let blood and receiueth his drinke they would haue him fast vntill euen and then to haue a warme mash of Barly meale yea methinkes it were not amisse to feed him only with warm mashes and hay and that by a little at once vntill he be somewhat recouered Another of the Head-ache Markham THe Head-ache as most are opynionated proceedeth of cold and rast digestion the cure is take a Goose feather annointed with Oyle de bay and thrust it vp into the horsses nostrils to make him neese then take a wreath of Pease-straw or wet hay and putting fire thereunto hold it vnder the horsses nose so as the smoke may ascend vp into his head then being thus perfumed take a knife and pricke him in the pallat of the mouth so as he may licke vp and chaw his own blood which done haue great care in keeping his head warme and doubt not his recouery Of the sleeping euill Blundevile THis is a disease forcing the beast continually to sleepe whether he wil or not taking his memory and appetite cleane away and therefore is called of the Physitians Lethargus it proceedeth of aboundance of flegme moistening the brain ouermuch It is easie to know it by the continuall sleeping of the Horsse The cure of this disease according to Pelagonius Vegetius and others is in this sort Let him bloode in the necke and then giue him this drinke Take of Camomile and Motherwort of each two or three handfuls and boile them in a sufficient quantity of water and put thereunto a little wheat bran salt and vineger and let him drinke a pinte of that euery day the space of three or foure daies together It is good also to perfume and chafe his hed with Time Peniroyall sodden together in vineger or with Brimstone and feathers burned vpon a chafingdish of coales vnder his nose and to prouoke him to neese by blowing pepper and Pyrethre beaten to powder vp into his nostrils yea and to annoint the palate of his mouth with Hony and Mustard mingled together and in his drinke which would be alwaies warme water to put Parsly seede and Fennell seede to prouoke vrine His Legs also would bee bathed and his hooues filled with wheat bran salt and vineger sodden togither and laid too so hot as hee may indure it and in any case suffer him not to sleepe but keepe him waking and stirring by continual crying vnto him or pricking him with some sharp thing that cannot passe through the skin or else by beating him with a whip and this doing he shall recouer Another of the sleeping euill Markham THe sleeping euil in a horsse differeth nothing from that which the Physitians cal the Lethargy in men for it prouoketh the horsse to sleep continually without disisting robbing his memory and appetite of their qualities the knowledge thereof is easily knowne by his drowsinesse and the cure in this sort Let one stand by him and either with fearefull noise or stripes perforce keepe him waking then let him bloode vnder the eies and in the necke and
him out and annoint his body all ouer with Narueoile Turpentine and Deares suet mingled together on the fire and bathe his heade in the iuice of Rue and Camo mile Then giue him to drinke old Ale brewd with Sinamon Ginger Fenecreeke and long Pepper of each three ounces As for his dyet let it be warme mashes sodden wheat and hay thoroughly carded with a paire of wool cards let him be kept verie warme and ayred abroad once a daie at the least If this convulsion be not onely in one member then it is sufficient if euery daye with hard ropes of hay or straw you rub and chafe that part exceedingly and apply there to a little quantity of the oyle Pepper If the convulsion be accidentall proceeding of some hurt whereby the sinnews is wounded or prickt then shal you incontinently take vp the sinnew so wounded searching the wound with great discretion and cut it cleane insunder then shal you endeuor to heale vp the same with vnguents plaisters balms as shall be hereafter mentioned in the chapters of wounds and vlcers of what kind or nature soeuer Of the cold in the head ACcording to the cold which the horsse hath taken is new or old great or small and also according as humors do abound in his head and as such humors be thicke or thin Blundevile so is the disease more or lesse daungerous For if the horsse casteth little or no matter out of his nose nor hath no very great cough but onely heauy in his heade and perhaps lightly cougheth now and then it is a signe that he is stopped in the head which we were wont to call the pose But if his head be ful of humors congeald by some extream cold taken of long time past and that he casteth fowle filthy matter out at the nose and cougheth greeuously then it is a signe that hee hath either the Glaunders or the Strangullion mourning of the cheine or consumption of the lungs For all such diseases doe breed for the most part of the Rhueme or distillation that commeth from the head Of the cures whereof we leaue to speake vntill we come to talke of the diseases in the throat minding heere to shew you how to heale the pose or colde before mentioned Martin saith it is good to purge his head by perfuming him with Frankencence and also to prouoke him to neeze by thrasting two Goose feathers dipt in oyle de Bay vp into his nostrils and then to trot him vppe and downe halfe an houre for these feathers will make him to cast immediatly at the nose Laurentius Russius would haue him to be perfumed with Wheat Penneroyal and sage sodden well togither and put into a bag so hot as may be which bagge would be so close fastened to his head that all the sauour thereof may ascend vp into his nostrils and his head also would be couered and kept warme and to prouoke him to neeze he would haue you to bind a soft clout annointed with sope or els with Butter and oyle de Bay vnto a sticke and to thrust that vp and downe into his nostrils so high as you may conueniently goe and let him be kept warm and drink no cold water Yea it shal be good for three or foure daies to boile in his water a little Fenegreek wheate meale and a few Annis seeds And euerie daie after that you haue purged his head by perfuming him or by making him to neeze cause him to be trotted vp and downe either in the warme Sunne or els in the house halfe an hour which would be done before you water him and giue him his prouender Of the cold in the head THe pose or cold in a horsse is the most generall disease that hapneth and is the easiest perceiued both by stopping ratling in the nose and coughing Markham the cure thereof is in this sort If it be but newly taken by some carelesse regard and immediately perceiued you shal need no other remedy but to keepe him warme euery Morning and Euening after his water to ride him forth and to trot him vp and downe very fast till his cold break and then gently to gallop him a little which moderate exercise with warme keeping will quickly recouer him againe but if the cold hath had long residence in him and still encreaseth then you shall giue him this drinke three daies togither Take of strong Ale one quart of the best Treakle six penniworth of long Pepper and graines of each as much beaten to powder of the iuice of Garlicke two spoonefuls boile all these togither and giue it the horsse to drinke so warme as he may suffer it and then trotte him vp and downe by the space of an houre or more and keepe him warme giuing him to drinke no cold water Of the diseases of the eies HOrsses eies be subiect to diuers griefes as to be waterish or blood-shotten Blundevile to bee dim of sight to haue the pin and web and the haw whereof some comes of inward causes as of humors resorting to the eies and some of outward as of cold heate or stripe Of weeping or watering eies This as Laurentius Russius saith may come sometime by confluence of humors and sometime by some stripe whose cure I leaue to recite because it doeth not differ much from Martins experience heere following take of Pitch Rosen and Mastick a like quantity melt them togither Then with a little sticke hauing a clout bound to the end thereof and dipt therein annoint the Temple vaines on both sides a hand ful aboue the eies as broad as a Testern and then clap vnto it immediately a few flockes of like colour to the horsse holding them close to his head with your hand vntill they sticke fast vnto his head then let him blood on both sides if both sides be infected a handfull vnder the eies Russius also thinketh it good to wash his eies once a day with pure white wine and then to blow therein a little of Tartarum and of Pomis stone beaten into fine powder Of watering eyes WAtering eies commeth most commonly in some stripe or blowe and the cure is thus Lay vnto his Temples a plaister of Turpentine and Pitch molten together Markham then wash his eies with white Wine and afterward blow the pouder of burnt Allome into the same Of bloud-shotten eies also for a blow or itching and rubbing in the eies Martin neuer vsed any other medicine then this water heere following wherewith he did alwaies heale the foresaid griefes take of pure Rose water of Malmesie Blundevile of Fennel water of each three sponfuls of Tutia as much as you can easily take with your thumbe and finger of cloues a dozen beaten into fine powder mingle them together and being luke warme or cold if you will wash the inward part of the eie with a feather dipt therein twice a day vntill he be whole Russius saith that to bloudshotten eies it is
and to cling to his ribs It is knowne by the leannesse of the horsse and gantnes of his bely and by fast sticking of the skin vnto the ribs when you pul at it with your hand The cure according to Martin is thus Let him blood on both sides the bellie in the flanke vaines betwixt the flanke and the girding place that done giue him this drinke Take a quart of white Wine or els of good Ale and put thereunto three ounces of good sallet oyle of Cummin one ounce of Annis seedes two ounces of Licoras two ounces beaten al into fine powder and giue it him luke warme with a horne And when he hath drunk let one standing at his huckle-bone rub him hard with his hand along the back and ouerthwart the ribbes the space of halfe an houre that done set him in a warme stable and let him stand in litter vp to the belly and couer all his backe and ribs with a sacke first thoroughly soked in a tub of cold water and then well and hard wroung and ouer that caste another cloath and girde it fast with a surcingle stuffing him well about the backe with fresh straw continuing thus to doe euery day once the space of a weeke during which time giue him no cold water but luke warme and put therein a little ground mault The wet sacke wil cause the backe to gather heat it selfe and the skin to loosen from the flesh and if you will bestow more cost you may annoint all his body with wine and oile mingled togither according to the opinion of the old writers which no doubt is a very comfortable thing and must needs supple the skinne and loosen it from the flesh Of the diseases in the throat and lungs and why the griefes of the shoulders and hippes be not mentioned before amongst the griefes of the withers and backe Blundevile SOme perhaps would looke heere that for so much as I haue declared the diseases of the necke withers and backe that I should also follow on now with the griefes of the shoulders and hips But sith that svch griefes for the most part doth cause a horse to halt and that it requireth some skill to know when a horse halteth whether the fault be in his shoulder hip legge ioynt or foot I thinke it is not good to seperate those parts assunder specially sith nature hath ioyned them togither that is to say the shoulders to the forelegs and the hips to the hinder legges And therefore according to natures order I will treate of them in their proper place that is to say after that I haue shewed al the diseases that be in the inward horses body not onely aboue the midriffe as the diseases of the throat lungs breast and hart but also vnder the midriffe as those of the stomacke liuer guts and of all the rest And first as touching the diseases of the throat the Glaunders and Strangullion to al horses is most common Of the Glanders and Strangulion so called according to the Italian name Stranguiâ—lion MOst Ferrers do take the Glanders and Strangullion to bee all one disease but it is not so for the glanders is that which the Physitians call Tronsillae and the Strangullion is that which they call in Latine Angina in Greeke Synanchi and we commonly call it in English the squinnancy or Qunzie Tronsillae is interpreted by them to be inflammations of the kirnels called in Latine Glandes the Italian Glandulae which lie on both sides of the throat vnderneath the roote of the toongue nigh vnto the swallowing place of which word Glandâ—â— or Glâ—ndulae I thinke we borrow this name glanders For when the horse is troubled with this disease hee hath great kirnels vnderneath his iawes easie to be seene or felt paining him so as he can not easily swallow down his meat which commeth first of cold distilation out of the head But if such kirnels be not inflamed they will perhaps goe away of themselues or else by laying a little hot horse-dung and strawe vnto them the warmth thereof wil dissolue them and make them to vanish away But if they be inflamed they will not go away but encrease and wax greater and greater and be more painful euery daie then other and cause the horsse to cast continually filthie matter at his nose The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First ripe the kirnels with this plaister Take of bran two handfuls or as much as will thicken a quart of wine or Ale then put thereunto halfe a pounde of hogges greace and boile them togither and lay it hot to the sore with a cloath renewing it euery day vntil it be ready to breake then lance it and let out al the matter and taint it with a taint of flax dipt in this salue Take of Turpentine of hogs greace of each like quantity and a little waxe and melt them togither and renew the taint euerie daie vntil it be whole Laurentius Russius saith that this disease is verie common to colts because in them doth abound flexible moisture apt to be dissolued with euerie little heat and to turne to putrifaction and therefore if the horse be not ouer young he would haue you first to let him bloode in the necke vaine and then to lay vnto the same sore a ripening playster made of Mallowes Linseeds Rew Wormwood ground Iuy Oile of Baies add Dialthea and to annoint his throat also and all the sore place with fresh butter and the sore being ripe to lance it or els to rowel it that the matter may come forth But the kernels wil not decrease then pul them away by the rootes and to dry vp the vlcerous place with an ointment made of vnslect lime Pepper Brimstone Nitrum and oile Oliue It shall be also good to purge his head by perfuming him euery day once in such sort as hath beene before declared And let the horsse be kept warm about the head and stand in a warme stable and let him drinke no cold water but if you see that after you haue taken away the kirnels the horsse doth not for all that leaue casting filthy matter at the nose then it is to be feared that hee hath some spice of the mourning of the Chine for both diseases proceed of one cause and therefore I thinke good to speake of it heere presently But first I will set downe a drinke which I haue seene prooued vppon a horse that I thought could neuer haue bin recouered of the same disease and yet it did recouer him in very short space so as he trauelled immediately after many miles without the helpe of any other medicine A drinke for the Strangullion or Glaunders TAke of warm milk as it commeth from the Cow a quart or instead thereof a quart of new Beere or Ale warmed and put thereunto of moulten Butter the quantity of an Egge and then take one head of Garlicke Blundevile first clean pilled and then stamped smal which you
his head with such perfumes as haue beene shewed you before in the Chapter of the Glanders and also to giue him alwaies Coleworts chopt small with his prouender Some would haue him to drinke the warme blood of sucking pigs new slaine and some the iuyce of Leekes with oile and wine mingling together Others praise wine and Frankincense some oyle and Rue some would haue his body to be purged and set to grasse Of the consumption of the flesh and how to make a leane Horse fat MArtin saith that if a Horse take a great cold after a heat it wil cause his flesh to wast and his skin to wax hard and dry and to cleaue fast to his sides and hee shall haue no appetite vnto his meat and the fillets of his backe wil fal away and all the flesh of his buttocks and of his shoulders will be consumed The cure whereof is thus Take two sheepes heads vnflead boile them in three gallons of Ale or faire running water vntill the flesh be consumed from the bones that done strain it through a fine cloth and then put thereunto of Sugar one pound of Cinamon two ounces of conserue of Roses of Barberries of Cherries of each two ounces and mingle them together and giue the Horsse euery day in the morning a quart thereof lukewarme vntil all be spent and after euery time he drinketh let him be walked vp and downe in the stable or else abroade if the weather be warme and not windy and let him neither eate nor drinke in two houres after and let him drinke no cold water but lukewarme the space of fifteene daies and let him be fed by little and little with such meate as the Horse hath most appetite vnto But if the horse be nesh and tender so wax lean without any apparant griefe or disease then the old writers would haue him to be fed now and then with partched Wheat and also to drinke Wine with his water and eate continually wheate bran mingled with his prouender vntill hee waxe stronge and hee must be often dressed and trimmed and lye softe without the which things his meat will do him but little good And his meat must be fine and cleane and giuen him often and by litttle at once Russius saith that if a Horsse eating his meat with good appetite doth not for al that prosper but is stil leane then it is good to giue him Sage Sauin Bay berries Earth-nuttes and Boares greace to drinke with wine or to giue him the intrals of a Barbell or Tench with white Wine He saith also that sodden Beanes mingled with Branne and Salt will make a leane Horsse fat in very short space Of griefe in the breast Blundevile LAurentius Russius writeth of a disease called in Italian Grauezza di petto which hath not beene in experience amongst our Ferrers that I can learn It coms as Russius saith of the superfluity of blood or other humors dissolued by some extreame heat and resorting down the breast paining the Horsse so as he cannot well go The cure whereof according to Russius is thus Let him bloode on both sides of the breast in the accostomed vaines and rowell him vnder the breast and twice a daye turne the rowells with your hand to mooue the humours that they may yssue forth and let him goe so roweled the space of fifteene daies Of the paine of the heart called Anticor that is to say Contrary to the heart THis proceedeth of aboundance of ranke blood bred with good feeding ouermuch rest which blood resorting to the inward parts doth suffocate the heart and many times causeth swellinges to appeare before the breast which will grow vpwarde to the necke and then it killeth the Horsse The signes The Horse will hang downe his head in the manger forsaking his meate and is not able to lift vp his head The cure according to Martin is thus Let him blood on both sides aboundantly in the plat vaines and then giue him this drinke take a quart of malmesie and put thereunto halfe a quarterne of Sugar and two ounces of Cinamon and giue it him lukewarme then keepe him warme in the stable stuffing him well about the stomach that the wind offend him no manner of way and giue him warme water with mault alawies to drinke and giue him such meate as he will eate And if the swelling do appeare then besides letting him blood strike the swelling in diuers places with your fleame that the corruption may goe forth and annoint the place with warme Hogs greace and that wil either make it to weare away or else to grow to a head if it be couered and kept warme Of tired Horsses BIcause we are in hand heere with the vitall partes and that when the Horsses be tyred with ouermuch labour their vitall spirits wax feeble I thinke it best to speak of them euen heere not with long discoursing as Vegetius vseth but briefely to shew you how to refresh the poore Horsse hauing neede thereof which is doone chiefely by giuing him rest warmth and good feeding as with warme mashes and plenty of prouender And to quicken his spirits it shall be good to poure a little oyle and vineger into his Nostrils and to giue him the drinke of sheeps heads recited before in the Chapter of consumption of the flesh yea and also to bath his Legges with this bath take of Mallowes of Sage of each two or three handfuls and a Rose-cake boile these things together and being boyled then put vnto it a good quantity of butter or of Sallet-oyle Or else make him this charge take of Bole Armony and of Wheat-flower of each halfe a pound and a little Rozen beaten into powder and a quart of strong vineger and mingle them together and couer all his Legs therewith and if it be summer turne him to grasse Of the diseased parts vnder the midriffe and first of the stomacke THe old Authors make mention of many diseases incident to a horses stomacke as loathing of meat spewing vp his drinke surfetting of prouender the hungry euil and such like which few of our Ferrers haue obserued and therefore I wil breefely speake of as many as I thinke necessary to bee knowne and first of the loathing of meate Blundevile Of the loathing of meat A Horsse may loath his meat through the imtemperature of his stomack as for that it is too hot or too cold If his stomacke be too hot then most commonly it will either inflame his mouth and make it to breake out in blisters yea and perhaps cause some cancker to breed there The cure of all which things hath beene taught before But if he forsake his meat onely for very heat which you shall perceiue by the hotnesse of his breath and mouth then coole his stomack by giuing him cold water mingled with a little Vineger and oile to drinke or else giue him this drinke Take of milke and of wine of each one pinte and put
causie or high-way paued with stone and there one following him with a cudgel let him trot vp and down for the space of an hour or two or more that don set him vp and giue him some meat and for his drinke let him haue a warm mash some three or foure houres after this take off his garters and set him in some pond of water vp to the mid-side and so let him stand for two houres then take him out and set him vp the next day pul off his shooes and pare his feet very thin and let him blood both of his heeles and toes then set on his shooes again and stop them with hogs grease and bran boiling hot and splint them vp and so turne him out to run and he shall be sound Of the splent as well in the inside or outside of the knee as other where in the Legges THis sorance to any mans feeling is a very gristle sometime as big as a Walnut and sometime no more then a Hasel nut which is called of the Italians Spinella Blundevile and it commeth as Laurentius Russius saith by trauelling the horse too younge or by oppressing him with heauy burthens offending his tender sinnewes and so causeth him to halt It is easie to know because it is apparant to the eye and if you pinch it with your thumbe and finger the horse will shrinke vp his leg The cure whereof according to Martin is in this sort Wash it wel with warm water and shaue off the haire and lightly scarifie al the sore places with the point of a rasor so as the bloode may yssue forth Then take of Cantharides halfe a spoonefull and of Euforbium as much beaten into fine powder and mingle them together with a spoonefull of oile de bay and then melt them in a little pan stirring them well together so as they may not boile ouer and being so boiling hot take two or 3. feathers and annoint all the sore place therewith That done let not the Horse stir from the place where you so dresse him for one houre after to the intent he shake not off the ointment Then carry him fair and softly into the stable and tye him as he may not reach with his head beneath the manger for otherwise hee wil couet to bite away the smarting and pricking medicine which if it should touch his lips would quickly fetch of the skin And also let him stand without litter all that day and night The next day annoint the sore place with fresh butter continuing so to do euery day once for the space of 9. daies for this shal allay the heate of the medicine and cause both that and the crust to fall away of it selfe and therewith either cleane take away the splent or at the least remoue it out of the knee into the leg and so much diminish it as the Horse shal goe right vp and halte no more through occasion thereof Laurentius Russius would haue the splent to be cured by fiering it longst wise and ouerthwart I haue seen the splent to be cleane taken away thus first hauing clipt away the haire growing vpon the hard place you must beat it with a good big stick of hasill almost a foot long in which sticke somwhat distant from the one end thereof would be set fast a sharp pricke of a little piece of steele to pricke the sore place therewith once or twice to make the bloode yssue out neuer leauing to beat it first softly and then harder and harder vntil it waxeth soft in euery place to the feeling and to thrust out the bloud partly with the sticke leaning on it with both your hands and partly with your thumbs that done wind about the sore place with a piece of double red wollen cloth holding it so as it may lye close thereunto then feare it vpon the cloth with the flat side of your fearing iron made hot and not red-hot but so as it may not burne through the cloth that done take away the cloth and lay vpon the sore a peece of shoomakers wax made like a little cake so broad as is the sore place and then sear that into his Legs with your searing iron vntill the wax be throughly molten dryed and sunken into the sore that don seare another piece of waxe in like manner into the sore vntill it be dryed vp and then you may trauell your horse immediatly vpon it if you will for he will not halt no more Of the splent A Splent is a sorance of the least moment vnlesse it bee on the knee or else a through Splent both which cannot bee cured A Splent is a spungy harde grissell or bone Markham growing fast on the inside of the shin-bone of a Horsse where a little making stark the sinnewes compels a Horsse somewhat to stumble the cures are diuers and thus they be If the splent be young tender and but new in breeding then cast the horse and take a spoonefull of that Oyle called Petrolium and with that Oyle rubbe the Splent till you make it soft then take a fleame such as you let a horse bloud withall and strike the splent in two or three places then with your two thombes thrust it hard and you shal see crusht matter blood come out which is the very Splent then set him vp and let him rest or run at grasse for a weeke or more others for a young Spleent do thus take a hasell sticke and cut it square and therewithall beate the splint till it be soft then take a blew cloath and lay vppon the splent and take a Taylors pressing yron made hot and rub it vp and downe vpon the cloath ouer the splent and it shall take it cleane away But if the splent be old great and growne to the perfection of hardnesse then you must cast the Horse and with a sharp knife slit down the splent then take Cantharides and Euforbium of each like quantity and boyle them in Oyle debay and with that fill vp the slit and renewe it for three daies together then take it away anoint the place with Oyle debay Oyle of Roses or Tar vntill it be whole Of a Malander Blundevile A Malander is a kinde of scab growing in the forme of lines or strokes ouerthwart the bent of the knee and hath long haires with stubborne rootes like the bristles of a Bore which corrupteth and cankereth the flesh like the rootes of a child as scabbed head and if it bee great it will make the Horse to go stiffe at the setting forth and also to halt This disease proceedeth sometime of corrupt bloode but most commonly for lacke of cleane keeping and good rubbing The cure according to Martin is thus First wash it well with warm water then shaue both haire and scab clean away leauing nothing but the bare flesh whereunto lay this plaister Take a spoonefull of Sope and as much of lime mingle them together that it may be like paast
garter him aboue the houghes and then force him to go awhile to put him in a heat and being somewhat warme let him bloode in the thigh vaines reseruing of that blood a pottle to make him a charge in this sort Put vnto that blood of Wheat-flower and of Beane-flower of each a quarter of a pecke of Bole Armony one pound of Sanguis Draconis two ounces six Egges shels and al of Turpentine halfe a pound of Vineger a quart Mingle al these thinges togither and therewith charge both his hinder Legges his Reynes and Flankes al against the haire And if the horse cannot dung lette him be raked and giue him this glister take of Mallowes three handfuls and boile them wel in faire Water from a pottle to a quart Then straine it and put thereunto halfe a pounde of Butter and of Sallet Oyle a quarter of a pinte and hauing emptied his belly giue him also this drinke to comforte him take of Malmesie a quart and put thereunto a little Cinamon Mace and Pepper beaten into fine powder and of Oyle a quarter of a pinte and giue the horse to drinke of that Luke-warme with a horne That don let him be walked vp and downe a good while togither if he be able to go if not then tie him vp to the racke and let him be hanged with Canuas and ropes so as he may stand vppon the ground with his feet For the lesse he lieth the better and pare his hinder feet thin vntill the deaw come out and tacking on the shooes againe stoppe the hooues with bran and hogs greace boiled togither and let both his feet hauing this geere in it be wrapped vp in a cloath euen to his pasternes and there tie the clout fast Let his diet be thinne and let him drinke no colde water and giue him in winter wet hay and in Summer grasse Of the dry Spauen Blundevile THe dry Spauin called of the Italians Spauano or Sparauagno is a great hard knob as big as a Walnut growing in the inside of the hough hard vnder the ioynt nigh vnto the maister vaine and causeth the horse to halt which sorance commeth by kind because the horses parents perhaps had the like disease at the time of his generation and sometime by extreame labour and heat dissoluing humors which do descend thorough the maister vaine continually feeding that place with euil nutriment and causeth that place to swel Which swelling in continuance of time becommeth so hard as a bone and therefore is called of some the bone-Spauen It needeth no signes or tokens to knowe it because it is very much apparant to the eie and therefore most Ferrers doe take it to be incurable Notwithstanding Martin saith that it may bee made lesse with these remedies heere following Wash it with warme water and shaue off the haire so farre as the swelling extendeth and scarifie the place so as it may bleed Then take of Cantharides one dozen of Euforbium halfe a spoonefull breake them into powder and boile them togither with a little oile de Bay and with two or three feathers bound togither put it boiling hot vpon the sore and let his taile be tyed vp for wiping away the medicine and then within halfe an houre after set him vp in the stable and tie him so as he may not lie downe al the night for feare of rubbing off the medicine and the next day annoint it with fresh butter continuing thus to do euery day once the space of fiue or sixe daies and when the haire is growne againe draw the sore place with a hot yron Then take another hot sharpe yron like a Bodkin somewhat bowing at the point and thruste it in at the neather end of the middle-line and so vppeward betwixt the skinne and the flesh to the compasse of an inch and a halfe And then taint it with a little Turpentine and Hogges-greace moulten together and made warme renewing it euery day once the space of nine daies But remember first immediately after his burning to take vppe the maister vaine suffering him to bleed a little from aboue and tie vp the vper end of the vaine and leaue the neather end open to the intent that hee may bleede from beneath vntil it cease it selfe and that shal diminish the Spauen or else nothing wil do it Of the Spauen both bone and blood DOubtlesse a Spauen is an euil sorance and causeth a horse to hault principally in the beginning of his griefe Markham it appeareth on the hinder Legges within and against the ioynt and it will bee a little swolne and some horses haue a thorough Spauen which appeareth both within and without Of the Spauen there are two kindes the one hard the other soft That is a bone-Spauen and a blood-Spauen for the bone-Spauen I holde it harde to cure and therefore the lesse necessary to be dealt withal except very great occasion vrge and thus it may be holpen Cast the horse and with a hot yron slitte the flesh that couereth the Spauen and then lay vpon the Spauen Cantharides and Euforbium boyled together in oile de Bay and annoint his legges round about either with the oile of Roses and with Vngueâ—tum album camphiratum Dresse him thus for three daies togither then afterwarde take it awaye and for three daies more lay vnto it onely vpon Flaxe and vnsleact lime then afterward dresse it with Tarre vntil it be whole The Cantharides and Euforbium wil eat kil the spungy bone the lime wil bring it clean away and the Tarre wil sucke out the poison and heale al vp sound but this cure is dangerous for if the incision be done by an vnskilful man and he either by ignorance or by the swaruing of his hand burne in twaine the great vaine that runnes crosse the Spauen then the horse is spoiled Now for the blood Spauen that is easily helpt for I haue knowne diuers which haue beene but newly beginning helpt onely by taking vppe the Spauen vaine and letting it bleed wel beneath and then stop the wound with Sage and Salt but if it be a great blood Spauen then with a sharpe knife cut it as you burnt the bone Spauen and take the Spauen away then heale it vp with Hogges-greace and Turpentine onely Of the wet Spauen or through Spauen THis is a soft swelling growing on both sides of the hough and seemes to goe cleane through the hough and therefore may bee called a through Spauen But for the most part the swelling is on the inside because it is continually fed of the master vain is greater than the swelling on the outside The Italians cal this sorance Laierda or Gierdone which seemeth to come of a more fluxible humor and not so viscous or slimy as the other Spauen doeth and therefore this waxeth not so harde nor groweth to the nature of a bone as the other doeth and this is more curable then the other It needes no signes because it is apparant
occupy a booke of no smal volume to bee written hereafter by some other perhaps if not by my selfe And in the meane time let this that I haue already written suffice Of the Anticor AN Anticor commeth of superfluity of euill blood or spirit in the artires and also of inflammation in the liuer which is ingendered by meanes of too choise keeping Markham and ouermuch rest which choaketh the vital power and occasion vnnaturall swellings in the brest which if they ascend vpward and come into the necke they are instantly death the cure thereof is in this sort Let him bleed so as he may bleed abundantly then with a sharp knife in diuers places cut the swelling which done set a cupping-glasse theron and cup it till the glasse filled with foule water fall away it selfe then giue the Horse to drinke three mornings together a pinte of Malmesie well stirred with Sinamon Lycoras and a little Bezar stone and during his sicknes let his drinke bee warmed and mingled with either Bran or Malt. Of the Cords THe Cords is a disease that maketh a horse stumble and many times fall and they apeare in a horses forelegs this is the cure thereof Take a sharpe knife and cut a slitte euen at the tip of his nose iust with the point of the grisle open the slit being made and you shall perceiue a white string take it vp with a Bores tooth or some crooked bodkin and cut it insunder then stitch vppe the slit and annoint it with Butter and the horse doubtlesse shall be recouered Of the Millets THe Millets is a griefe that appeareth in the Fetlockes behinde and causeth the haire to shed three or foure inches long and a quarter of an inch in bredth like as it were bare and ill to cure but thus is the cure First wash it well with strong lye and rub it till it bleede then binde vnto it Hony vnslect lime and Deares sewet boiled and mingled together this do for the space of a weeke and it shall be whole Of the Serew A Serew is a foule soraunce it is like a Splent but it is a little longer and is most commonly on the outside of the fore legge as the splint is on the inside the cure is thus Take two spoonefuls of strong Wine-Vinegar and one spoonefull of good Sallet-oyle mingle them together and euery morning bestow one houre in rubbing the sorance with it altogether downeward til it be gone which will not be long in going The medicines arising out of Horses THe Graecians haue written nothing at all concerning wilde horses Pliny because in their country there was none of them vsually bredde or gotten yet notwithstanding the same wee ought to thinke that all medicines or anye other thinges which do proceed from them are more strong in operation and haue in them greater force and power then anye common horses haue as it falleth out in all sortes of other beasts The blood of a horse as Pliny affirmeth doth gnaw into deade flesh with a putrifactiue force the same vertue hath the blood of Mares which haue bin couered by horses Also the bloode of a horse but especially of one which is a breeder doeth verye much make and helpe againste impostumes and small bunches which do arise in the flesh Moreouer it is said that the bloud of a young Asse is very good against the Iaundice and the ouer-flowing of the gall as also the same force and effect is in the blood of a young horse The horse-leaches do vse the blood of horses for diuers diseases which are incident vnto them both by annointing or rubbing the outward parts as also within their bodies Furthermore if one do cut the vaines of the pallet of a horses mouth and let it runne downe into his belly Theomnestus it will presently destroy and consume the maw or belly-worms which are within him When a horse is sicke of the pestilence they draw blood out of the veines in his spurring place and mingling the same vpon a stone with salt make him to licke it vp The blood of a horse is also mingled with other medicines and being annointed vpon the armes and shoulders of men or beasts Vegâ—tius which are broken or out of ioynt doth very much helpe them But a horse which is weary or tyred you must cure after this manner Firste draw some bloude out of his matrixe or wombe and mingle it with Oyle and Wine and then put it on the fire till it bee luke-warme and then rubbe the horse all ouer againste the haires If the sinnewes of horses do wax stiffe or shrink in together it is very necessary that the sicke parts should be annointed with the hot bloode which doeth proceede from him Pliny for horses also which are fed in the field vse their flesh and dung against the biting and stinging of Serpents We do also find that the flesh of horses being well boiled is very medicinable for diuers diseases Furnerius Moreouer it is very vsuall and common with the women of Occitania to take the fat or greace of horses to annoint their heades to make the haire of their heads multiply and increase and certaine later Phisitians do mingle the marrow of a horse with other ointments for a remedy against the crampe The marrow of a horse is also very good to loosen the sinnewes which are knit and fastned together but first let it be boiled in wine and afterwards made cold and then anointed warmly either by the fire or Sun If a horse do labor in what kind of impostume which they vulgarly call the worme either any where as well as in the nose they do open the skin with a searirg yron and doe sprinkle Verdigreace within the horses mouth being brent there being added thereunto sometimes the seed of Hen-bane The teeth of a male horse not gelded or by any labor made feeble being put vnder the head or ouer the head of him that is troubled or starteth in his dreame doth withstand and resist all vnquietnes which in the time of his rest might happen vnto him Albertus Pliny also doeth assent that flower dooeth heale the sorenes of a horses teeth and gums and the clefts and chinkes of a horses feet The teeth also of a horse is verye profitable for the curing of the Chilblanes which are rotten and full of corruption when they are swollen full ripe Marcellus Marcellus saith that the toothe of a horse being beaten and crushed into very small powder and being sprinkled vppon a mans genitall doth much profit and very effectually helpe him but the teeth which were first ingendered in a horse haue this vertue in them that if they should touch the teethe of man or woman who are molested and grieued with the tooth-ache they shal presently find a finall ende of their paine if in the like manner a childe doe kisse the nose or snowt of a horse he shal neuer feele paine in his teeth
Mantuan Est in eis Pietas Crocodili astutia Hyaenae And the female is far more subtill then the male and therefore more seldome taken for they are afraid of their own company It was constantly affirmed that among eleuen Hyaenes there was found but one female it hath beene beleeued in ancient time that there is in this beast a magicall or enchanting power for they write that about what creature soeuer he goeth round three times it shall stand stone-still and not be able to mooue out of the place and if Dogs do but come within the compasse of their shaddow and touch it they presently loose their voice and that this she dooth most naturally in the ful moone Aelianus philes for although the swiftnesse or other opportunity of the Dogges helpeth them to fly away from her yet if she can but cast her shadow vpon them she easily obtaineth her prey She can also counterfeit a mans voice vomit cough and whistle by which meanes in the night time she commeth to houses or foldes where Dogs are lodged and so making as though she vomited or else whistling draweth the Dogs out of doors to her and deuoureth them Solinus Aelianus Likewise her nature is if she find a man or a Dog on sleepe she considereth whether shee or he haue the greater body if she then she falleth on him and either with her weight or some secret worke of nature by stretching her body vpon him killeth him or maketh him sencelesse whereby without resistance she eateth off his hands but if she find her body to be shorter or lesser then his then she taketh her heeles and flyeth away If a man meet with this beast he must not set vpon it on the right hand but on the lefte for it hath bin often seene that when in hast it did run by the Hunter on the right hand he presently fel off from his horse sencelesse and therefore they that secure themselues from this beast must be carefull to receiue him on the left side that so hee may with more facility be taken especially saith Pliny if the cords wherein he is to be ensnared be fastned with seuen knots Aelianus reporteth of them that one of these comming to a man asleep in a sheep-coat by laying her left hand or forefoote to his mouth made or cast him into a dead-sleep and afterward digged about him such a hole like a graue as shee couered all his body ouer with the earth except his throat and head whereupon she sat vntill she suffocated and stifled him yet Philes attributeth this to her right foote The like is attributed to a Sea-calfe and the fish Hyaena and therefore the old Magicians by reason of this exanimating property did not a little glory in these beasts as if they had beene taught by them to exercise diabolicall and praestigious incantations wherby they depriued men of sence motion and reason They are great enemies to men and for this cause Solinus reporteth of them that by secret accustoming themselues to houses or yardes where Carpenters or such mechanicks worke they learne to call their names and so will come being an hungred and call one of them with a distinct and articulate voyce whereby he causeth the man many times to forsake his worke and goe to see the person calling him but the subtill Hyaena goeth farther off and so by calling allureth him from helpe of company Textor and afterward when she seeth time deuoureth him and for this cause hir proper Epithite is Aemula vocis Voyce counter-fayter Aelinaus Their enmitie with other beasts Orus There is also great hatred betwixt a Pardall and this beast for if after death their skins be mingled together the haire falleth off from the Pardals skinne but not from the Hyaenaes and therfore when the Egyptians describe a superiour man ouercome by an inferiour they picture these two skinnes and so greatly are they afraide of Hyaenaes that they runne from all beasts creatures and places whereon any part of their skinne is fastened And Aelianus saith that the Ibis bird which liueth vpon serpents is killed by the gall of an Hyaena He that will go safely through the mountaines or places of this beasts aboade Rasis Albertus say The naturall vse of their skinnes Palladius Rasis Plutarch that hee must carry in his hand a roote of Coloquintida It is also beleeued that if a man compasse his ground about with the skinne of a Crocodile an Hyaena or a sea-Calfe and hang it vp in the gates or gaps thereof the fruites enclosed shall not be molested with haile or lightning And for this cause Mariners were wont to couer the tops of their sailes with the skinnes of this beast or of the Sea-calfe and Horus sayth that a man clothed with this skinne may passe without feare or daunger through the middest of his enemies for which occasion the Egyptians doe picture the skin of an Hyaena to signifie fearelesse audacitie Neither haue the Magitians any reason to ascribe this to any praestigious enchauntment seeing that a figge tree also is neuer oppressed with haile nor lightning And the true cause thereof is assigned by the Philosophers to be the bitternesse of it for the influence of the heauens hath no destructiue operation vppon bitter but vppon sweete things Coelius and there is nothing sweete in a figge tree but onely the fruite Also Collumella writeth that if a man put three bushels of seede graine into the skinne of this beast and afterward sowe the same without all controuersie it will arise with much encrease Gentian worne in an Hyaenaes skin seuen daies in steede of an amulet is very soueraigne against the biting of mad dogges And likewise if a man hold the tongue of an Hyaena in his hand there is no dogge that dareth to seize vpon him The skinne of the forehead or the bloud of this beast resisteth all kind of witchcraft and incantation Likewise Pliny writeth that the haires layed to womens lips maketh them amorous And so great is the vanitie of the Magicians that they are not ashamed to affirme that by the tooth of the vpper iaw of this beast on the right side bound vnto a mans arme or any part thereof he shall neuer be molested with dart or arrow Likewise they say that by the genital of this beast and the article of the backe-bone which is called Atlantios with the skinne cleauing vnto it preserued in a house keepeth the family in continuall concord and aboue al other if a man carry about him the smallest and extreame gut of his intrailes he shal not onely be deliuerd from the Tyrany of the higher powers Actuarius Zoroastres but also foreknow the successe and euent of his petitions and sutes in Law If his left foot and nailes be bound vp together in a Linnen bagge and so fastned vnto the right arme of a man he shal neuer forget whatsoeuer he hath heard or knoweth And if he cut
sexes desire copulation although Aristotle seemeth to be against it because they bring forth onely in the spring The lionesse as we haue shewed already committeth adultery by lying with the Libbard The adultery of lionesses Pliny Apollonius for which thing she is punished by her male if she wash not her selfe before she come at him but when she is ready to be deliuered she flieth to the lodgings of the Libbards and there among them hideth her yong ones which for the most part are males for if the male Lion find them he knoweth them and destroyeth them as a bastard and adulterous issue and when she goeth to giue them sucke she faineth as though shee went to hunting By the copulation of a lionesse and an Hyaena is the Aēthiopian Crocuta brought foorth Pollux Coelius The Arcadian dogges called Leontomiges were also generated betwixt dogges and Lions In all her life long she beareth but once and that but one at a time as Aesop seemeth to set downe in that fable where he expresseth that contention betweene the lionesse and the Fox about the generositie of their yong ones the Foxe obiecteth to the lionesse that she bringeth forth but one whelpe at a time but hee on the contrary begetteth many Cubs wherein he taketh great delight vnto whom the lionsse maketh this answere Parere se quidem vnum sed Leonem That is to say shee bringeth foorth indeede but one yet that one is a Lyon for one Lyon is better then a thousand Foxes and true generosity consisteth not in popularitie or multitude but in the giftes of the minde ioyned with honorable discent The lionesses of Syria beare fiue times in their life at the first time fiue afterwards but one and lastly they remaine barren Herodotus speaking of other lions saith they neuer beare but one and that only once whereof he giueth this reason that when the whelpe beginneth to stirre in his dams belly the length of his clawes pearce through her matrix and so growing greater and greater by often turning leaueth nothing whole so that when the time of littering commeth she casteth forth her whelpe and her wombe both together after which time she can neuer bear more but I hold this for a fable because Homer Pliny Oppianus Solinus Philes and Aelianus affirme otherwise contrary and besides experience sheweth the contrary When Apollonius trauelled from Babilon by the way they saw a lionesse that was killed by hunters the beast was of a wonderfull bignesse such a one as was neuer seene about her was a great cry of the hunters and of other neighbours which had flocked thither to see the monster not wondring so much at her quantitie as that by opening of her belly they found within her eight whelpes whereat Appolonius wondring a little told his companions that they trauailing now into India should be a yeare and eight monthes in their iourney Philestratus For the one lion signified by his skill one yeare and the eight yong ones eight monethes The truth is that a lion beareth neuer aboue thrice that is to say six at the first and at the most afterwards two at a time and lastly but one because that one proueth greater and fuller of stomacke then the other before him wherefore nature hauing in that accomplished her perfection giueth ouer to bring foorth any more Within two monthes after the lionesse hath conceaued the whelpes are perfected in her wombe and at six monthes are brought foorth blinde weake and some are of opinion without life which so doe remaine three daies together Physiologus vntill by the roaring of the male their father and by breathing in their face they be quickned which also he goeth about to establish by reason but they are not worth the relating Isidorus on the other side declareth that for three daies and three nights after their littering they doe nothing but sleepe and at last are awaked by the roaring of their father so that it should seeme without controuersie they are sencelesse for a certaine space after their whelping At two monthes old they begin to runne and walke They say also that the fortitude wrath and boldnesse of lions is conspicuous by their heate the young one containeth much humiditie contriued vnto him by the temprament of his kinde which afterwards by the drinesse and caliditie of his complectiom groweth viscus and slimie like bird-lime and through the helpe of the animall spirits preuaileth especially about his braine whereby the nerues are so stopped and the spirits excluded that all his power is not able to moue him vntill his parents partly by breathing into his face and partly by bellowing driue away from his braine that viscus humour these are the words of Physiologus whereby he goeth about to establish his opinion but herein I leaue euery man to his owne iudgement in the meane season admiring the wonderfull wisedome of God which hath so ordered the seuerall natures of his creatures that whereas the little Partrige can runne so soone as it is out of the shell the duckling the first day swim in the water with his dam yet the harmefull lions Beares Tygres and their whelpes are not able to see stand or goe for many monthes whereby they are exposed to destruction when they are young which liue vpon destruction when they are olde so that in infancie God clotheth the weaker with more honor There is no creature that loueth her young ones better then the lionesse for both sheapheards and hunters frequenting the mountaines doe oftentimes see how irefully she fighteth in their defence receauing the wounds of many darts the stroakes of many stones the one opening hir bleeding body the other pressing the bloud out of the wounds standing inuincible neuer yeelding till death yea death it selfe were nothing vnto her Aelianus Endemus so that her yonge ones might neuer be taken out of her den for which cause Homer compareth Aiax to a lionesse fighting in the defence of the carcasse of Patroclus It is also reported that the male will leade abroad the yong ones but it is not likely that the lyon which refuseth to accompany his female in hunting will so much abase his noble spirit as to vndergoe the lionesses duty in leading abroad the yong ones In Pangius a mountaine of Thracia there was a lionesse which had whelpes in her den the which den was obserued by a Beare Gillius the which Beare on a day finding the den vnfortified both by the absence of the Lion and the lionesse entred into the same and slew the Lions whelpes afterward went away and fearing a reuenge for her better securitie against the lions rage climbed vp into a tree and there sat as in a sure castle of defence at length the lion and lionesse returned both home and finding their little ones dead in their owne bloud according to naturall affection fell both exceeding sorrowfull to see them so slaughtered whom they both loued
the suffocation of the womb and all other diseases incident vnto the secret parts and also helpeth places in the body being burnt by fire The fat of a ram being mingled with red Arsenicke and annointed vppon any scaull or scab the same being afterward pared or scraped doth perfectly heale it It doth also being mixed with Allum helpe those which are troubled with kibes or chilblanes in their heeles The sewet of a ram mingled with the powder of a pumise stone and salt of each a like quantity Sextus is said to heale fellons and inflammations in the body The lunges of smal cattel but especially of a ram doth restore chaps or scarts in the body to their right collour The same vertue hath the fat of a ram being mingled with Nitre The gal of a ram mingled with his own sewet Marcellus is very good and profitable for those to vse who are troubled with the gout or swelling in the ioynts The horne of a ram being burned and the dust of the same mixed with oyle and so pounded together being often anointed vpon a shauen head doth cause the haire to frisle and curle A comb being made of the left horn of a ram and combed vpon the head doth take away all paine vpon the left part thereof if likewise there be paine in the right side of the head the right horne of a ram doth cure it For the curing of the losse of one wits springing from the imperfection of the braine take the head of a ram neuer giuen to venery being chopped off at one blow the hornes being onely taken away and seeth it whole with the skin and the wooll in water then hauing opened it take out the braines and adde vnto them these kinds of spices Cinamon Ginger Mace and Cloues of each one halfe an ounce these being beaten to powder mingle them with the braines in an earthen platter diligently tempering of them by a burning cole not very big for feare of burning which might easily be done but there must great care be had that it be not too much dryed but that it might be so boyled that it be no more dryed then a calfes braines being prepared for meate It shall be sufficiently boiled when you shall wel mingle them at the fire then keep it hid and for three daies giue it daiely to the sick person fasting so that he may abstain from meat and drinke two houres after It may be taken in bread or in an Egge or in whatsoeuer the sicke party hath a desire vnto but there must be regard that he be not in a cleare place and that hee vse this forty daies space which they are wont to vse whose blould is with drawne or fled away and let him abstaine from wine assayng his head There are those which are holpen in a short space some in sixe or eight weekes by this Medicine being receiued But it is conuenient that it be required for three months Marcellus and then it will haue the more power therein The lunges of a Ramme while they are hot applyed vnto woundes wherein the flesh doeth to much encrease doth both represse and make it equal The lungs of smal cattel but especially of Rams being cut in smal pieces applyed whiles they are hot vnto bruised places do very speedily cure them and reduce them to the right collour The same doth cure the feete of such as are pinched through the straightnesse of their shooes The lunges of a Ram applyed vnto kibed heeles or broken vlcers in the feet doth quite expell away the paine notwithstanding the exceeding a chor pricking thereof One drop of the liquor which is boyled out of a Rams lungs put vpon the small nailes vpon the hand doth quite expell them The like operation hath it to expell Wartes being annointed thereupon The corrupt bloud of the lungs of a Ram vnroasted doth hele all paines in the priuy members of man or woman as also expell warts in any place of the body Sextus The iuyce of the lungs of a ram while they are roasted vpon a Gridiron being receiued doth by the vnction thereof purge and driue away the little blacke warts which are wont to grow in the haire or priuy parts of any man The liquor which distilleth from the lunges of a ram being boiled Aesculapius doth heale Tertian Agues and the disease of the raines which grow therein The lungs of a Lamb or ram being burned and the dust thereof mingled with oile or being applyed raw doe heale the sorenesse of kibes and are accounted very profitable to be bound vnto vlcers The lungs of a ram being pulled forth and bound hot vnto the head of any one that is frenzy wil presently help him Against the pestilent disease of sheepe take the belly of a ram and boile it in wine then being mixed with Water giue it to the sheepe to drinke and it wil bring present remedy The gall of a ram is very good for the healing of those which are troubled with any pains in the eares comming by the casualty of cold The gal of a ram mingled with his owne sewet doth ease those which are troubled with the gout The gall of a Weather mingled with the wool and placed vpon the nauell of young children Marcellus doth make them loose in their bellies The stones of an old ram being beaten in halfe a penny waight of water or in 3. quarters of a pint of Asses milk are reported to be very profitable for those which are troubled with the falling sicknesse The stones of a ram being drunke in water to the waight of three halfe pence cureth the same disease The dust of the inward parts of a rams thighs being lapped in rags or clouts washed very exactly before with womens milk doth heale the vlcers or runnings of old sores Pliny The dust of the hoofe of a ram mingled with hony doth heale the bitings of a Shrew The dung of Weathers mingled with vineger and fashioned in the forme of a plaister doth expel black spots in the body and taketh away al hard bunches arising in the flesh The same being applyed in the like manner cureth S. Anthonies fire and healeth burned places The filâ—h or sweat which groweth between the thighs of a ram being mingled with Mirrhe and the Hearbe called Hart-wort and drunke of each an equal parte is accounted a very excellent remedy for those which are troubled with the Kings euill Sextus But Pliny commendeth the filth of rams eares mingled with Myrrhe to be a more effectuall and speedily remedy against the said disease The medicines of the Lamb. The best remedy for bitings of Serpents is this presently after the wound to applie some little creatures to the same Aetius being cut in small peeces and laid hot vnto it as cocks Goats Lambes and young pigges for they expell the poison and much ease the paines thereof An ounce of Lambes blood being fresh before that it doth
for tartnesse being in the liquor or decoction of Swines flesh which is old and salt and afterwardes throughly tempered doth very much mollifie the stifnesse of the ioynts being well applyed thereunto The Indians vse to wash the wounds of the Elephantes which they haue taken first with hot water â—â—â—â—ianus afterwards if they see them to be somewhat deepe they annointed them with butter then do they asswage the inflammation thereof by rubbing of Swynes flesh vpon them being whot and moyst with the fresh blood issuing from the same For the healing of the wounds of Elephants butter is chiefely commended for it doth easily expell the iron lyrage hid therein but for the curing of the vlcers there is nothing comparable to the flesh of swine The blood of swine is moyst and not very hot being in temper most like vnto mans blood therefore whosoeuer saith that the blood of men is profitable for any disease he may first approue the same in swines blood but if it shew not the same it may in a manner shew the like action Galen For although it be somewhat inferior vnto mans blood yet at the least it is like vnto it by knowledge whereof wee hope wee shall bring by the vse thereof more full and ample profit vnto men For although it do not fully answer to our expectation notwithstanding there is no such great neede that we should proue mens blood For the encouraging of a feeble or diminished Horsse Eumelus reporteth the flesh of swine being hot mingled in wine and giuen in drinke to be exceeding good and profitable There also ariseth by Swyne another excellent medicine against diuers perillous diseases which is this to kill a young gelded Boare-pig hauing red haires and being of a very good strength râ—ceiuing the fresh blood in a pot and to stir it vppe and downe a great while together with a sticke made of red Iuniper casting out the clots of the blood being gathered while it is stirring Then to cast in the scrapings of the same Iuniper and stir the berries of the Iuniper in the same to the quantity of seuen and twenty but in the stirring of the same let the clotes be stil cast out Afterwards mingle with the same these hearbs following Agrimony Rue Phu Scabious Betony Pimpernell Succory Parsly of each a handfull But if the measure of the bloud exceed three pintes put vnto it two ounces of Treacle but if it shall be bigger for the quantity of the bloud you shall diminish the measure of the Treacle But all things ought to be so prepared that they may be put to the bloud comming hot from the Bore These being mixed altogether you must draw forth a dropping liquor which you must dry in the sun being diligently kept in a glasse-vessell for eight daies together which you must do once euery yeare for it will last twenty yeares This medicine is manifestly known to be a great preseruatiue against these diseases following namely the plague impostumes in the head sides or ribs as also all diseases whatsoeuer in the lungs the inflammation of the melt corrupt or putrified bloud the ague swellings in the body shaking of the heart the dropsie heate in the body aboue nature euill humors but the principallest and chiefest vertue thereof is in curing all poisons and such as are troubled with a noysome or pestilent feauer Let him therefore who is troubled with any of the aforesaid diseases drinke euery morning a spoonefull or foure or fiue drops of the same liquor and sweate vppon the same and it will in very short time perfectly cure him of his paine Some also do vse Almonds pounded or beaten in the bloud against the plague the liquor being extracted forth by the force of fire A young pig being killed with a knife hauing his bloud put vpon that part of the body of any one which is troubled with warts being as yet hot come from him will presently dry them and being after washed wil quite expel them away Marcellus The blood of a Sow which hath once pigged being annoynted vpon Women cureth many diseases in them The braines of a Boare or Sow being annointed vppon the sores or Carbuncles of the priuy members doth very effectually cure them the same effect also hath the blood of a hog The dugs of of a woman anointed round about with the bloud of a sow Pliny will decrease lesse and lesse A young pig being cut in pieces and the bloud thereof anointed vppon a Womans dugs will make them that they shall not encrease Concerning the grease of swine it is tearmed diuersly of all the Authors for the Graecians call it Stear Coirion and Oxungion for the imitation of the Latine word Axungia but Marcellus also applyeth Axungia to the fat of other creatures which among the auncient Authors I do not find for in our time those which in Latine do call that fat Axungia which encreaseth more solidâ— betweene the skinne and the flesh in a hog a man a Brocke or Badger a Dor-mouse a Mountain-mouse and such like The fat of swine they commonly cal Lard which groweth betwixt the skin and the flesh in expressing the vertues of this we will first of al shew howit is to be applied to cewers outwardly and then how it is to be receiued inwardly next vnto butter it hath the chiefest commendations among the ancients and therefore they inuented to keepe it long which they did by casting some salt among it neither is the reason of the force of it obscure or vncertaine for as it feedeth vpon many wholesome hearbes which are medicinable so doth it yeald from them many vertuous opperations and besides the physick of it it was a custome for new married wiues when they first of all entered into their husbands house to anoint the postes thereof with swines greace in token of their fruitfulnesse while they were aliue and remainder of their good workes when they should be dead The Apothecaries for preparation of certaine ointments do geld a male sucking pig especially such a one as is red and take from his raines or belly certain fat whith the Germans call Schmaer and the French Oing that is Vnguentum the husbandmen vse Swynes grease to annoint the axe trees of their carts and carriages and for want thereof they take putryfied Butter and in some countries the gum that runneth out of pine trees and Fer trees with the scum of Butter mingled together and this composition taketh away scabs and tetters in men but it is to be remembred that this greace must bee fresh and not salted for of salt grease there is no vse but to skovver those thinges that are not exulcerated The auncientes deemed that this is the best Greace vvhich vvas taken from the raines of the Hog washed in raine water the vaines being pulled out of it and afterwards boyled in a new earthen pot and so preserued The fat of Swine is not so hot and dry as
downe before her at her approch she looking vppon it is deluded and thinketh that her young ones are enclosed therein and the rather because through the roundnesse thereof it is apt to rowle and stir at euery touch this she driueth along backewards to her den and there breaketh it with her feete and nailes and so seeing that she is deceiued returneth back againe after the hunters for her true Whelps whilest they in the meane season are safely harbored in some house or else gone on shipboard It is reported by Iohannes Ledesma a Spaniard this excellent story of a male female Tiger In the Iland Dariene standing in the oxidental Ocean of the new found world some 8. daies saile frō Hispaniola it fell out saith he in the yeare of our Lord 1514. that the said Island was annoyed with two Tigers a male and a female for halfe a year together so that there was no night free but they lost some of their cattell either a Horsse or an Oxe or a Cowe or a Mare or a Hog and swine and in the time that there young ones did suck it was not safe for men to go abroad in the day time much lesse in the night but they deuoured a Man if they did not first of al meete with another Beast At length the countrey thus oppressed necessity constrained them to deuise a remedy to try some meanes to mitigate their calamities wherefore they sought out all the waies and pathes of the Tigers to and from their dens that so they might take vengeance vpon the raueners for the losse of so much bloud At the last they found a common beaten way this they cut asunder and digged deep into a large dungeon hauing made the dungeon they strewed vpon the top of it litle sticks and leaues so couering it to dissemble that which was vnderneath then came the heedlesse Tiger that way and fell downe into the ditch vpon such sharp irons stakes and pointed instruments as they had there set with his roaring he filled all the places thereabout and the Mountaine sounded with the eccho of his roaring voice The people came vpon him and casting great huge stones vpon his back killed him but first of all he broke into a thousand pieces both the stones Weapons and Speares that were cast again him and so great was his fury that when he was halfe dead and the bloud run out of his body he terrified the standers by beholding and looking vpon him The male Tiger being thus killed they followed the footsteps into the Mountaines where the female was lodged and there in her absence tooke away two of her young ones yet afterwards◠changing their minds carried them backe againe putting vpon them two brazen choller 's and chaines and making them fast in the same den that so when they had sucked till they were greater they might bee with pleasure and safety conuaied into Spain At last when the time appointed was come that they should be taken forth to be sent away the people went to the den wherein they found neither young nor olde but their choller 's fastened in the same place that they had left them whereby it was conceiued that the enuious mother had killed and torne her young ones in pieces rather then they should fall into the handes of the hunters so that this beastly loue of hers ended in horrible cruelty and for this occasion is it that Maedea thus speaketh in Ouid Hoc ego si patiar tum me de Tigride natam Tum ferrum scopulos gestare in corde videbor And for this cause it was fained not without singular wit by the Poets that such persons as satisfie the fulnesse of their wrath in extremity of reuenge are transformed into Tygers The same Poet compareth the wrath of Perseus standing betwixt two aduantages vnto a Tiger betwixt two preies or heards of cattell being in doubt whether of them to deuoure in this manner Tigris vt auditis diuersa valle duorum Extimulata famae mugatbus armentorum Nescit vtro potius ruat ruere ardet vtroque Sic dubius Perseus dextra leuaue feratur In ancient time these Tigers were dedicated to Bacchus as all spotted beastes were and that the said Tygers did draw his Charriot whilest he did hold the raines therefore Ouid saith thus ◠Bacchus iu curru quem summum texer at vuis Tigribus adiunctis aurea lor a dabat And Horace in this manner Hac te merentem Bacchipater tuae Vexere Tigres in docili iugum collo trahentes Tigers notwithstanding their great minds and vntamable wildnesse haue been taken and brought in publike spectacle by men and the first of all that euer brought them to Rome was Augustus when Quintus Tubero and Fabius Maximus were Consuls at the dedication of the Theater of Marcellus the which Tigers were sent vnto him out of India for presentes as Dion writeth Aftervvards Claudius presented foure to the people and lastly Heleogabalus caused his chariots to be dravvne vvith Tigers whereunto Martiall alleuded vvhen he saide Picto quod inga delicata collo Pardus sustinet improbeque Tigres Indulgent patientiam flagello Ledesma of whom we spake before affirmeth Eating of Tigers that he did eate of the Tigers flesh that was taken in the ditch in the Island Dariene and that the flesh thereof was nothing inferior to the flesh of an Oxe but the Indeans are forbidden by the lawes of their Countrey to eat any part of the Tigers flesh except the haunches And thus I will conclude this story of the Tiger with the Epigram that Martiall made of a Tiger deuouring of a Lyon Lambere securi dextram consueta magistri Tigris ab Hyrcano glorta rara iugo Saena ferum rabido lacerauit dente Leonem Res noua non vllis cognita temporibus Ansa est tale nihil syluis dum vixit in altis Post quam inter nos est plus feritatis habet OF THE VNICORNE WE are now come to the history of a beast whereof diuers people in euery age of the worlde haue made great question because of the rare Vertues thereof therefore it behooueth vs to vse some dilligence in comparing togither the seuerall testimonies that are spoken of this beast for the better satisfaction of such as are now aliue and clearing of the point for them that shall be borne heereafter whether there bee a Vnicorne for that is the maine question to be resolued Now the vertues of the horne of which we will make a particular discourse by it selfe haue bin the occasion of this question and that which doeth giue the most euident testimony vnto all men that haue euer seene it or vsed it hath bred all the contention and if there had not bin disclosed in it any extraordinary powers and vertues we should as easily beleeue that there was a Vnicorne in the worlde Many beasts with hornes improperly called Vnicornes as we do beleeue there is an Elephant although not bred
from being couched with mice or corrupted with age The flesh of a weasel is not vsed for meat but dried and preserued for medicines The powder thereof mixed with water driueth away mice by casting the gall of Stellius in a house where VVeasels are gathered togither and then by oile of bitter Almonds or salt Ammoniak they are killed but if one of their tailes be cut off al the residue do forsake the house And thus much shall suffice concerning the History of VVeasels now followeth the medicines arising out of their bodies The medicines arising from the Weasel A weasel being applied vnto those which are troubled with Agues or Quarterne Feauers Vrsinus doth in short time cure them It doth also being mingled with other thinges make a wonderful pleasant mollifying medicine for those which are troubled with the gout or any other infirmity in the ioyntes and easeth those which haue a continual ache in the head leauing a certaine matter on the top thereof and stroking it from the foreheade to the hinder part of the head For the curing also of the gout this is an excellent remedy To take a little yong whelp aliue wel fatted and a liuing weasel in nine pintes of oile and vnto the same two or three pounds of Butter Aâ—tius and to boile them together vntil the Beastes be made lanke or lither and then to put your hands or feet a whole daie in hot oile wel strained Auicenna attributeth certaine things to weasels flesh only which the classical Authors rather ascribe to the powder of weasels which are these to be applyed to the gout being drunk in wine against the falling sicknesse and the head-ache but it is accounted an especiall remedy against the bitings of Scorpions The flesh of a weasel being taken is a verie good and effectual preseruatiue againste al poisons The same being taken in meat the head and feet onely cast awaie doeth helpe those which are troubled with VVennes or bunches in the flesh being first anointed with the blood of the same beast The blood of a weasel is very wel applied to broken or exulcerated sores in the flesh Auicenna The same vertue hath the whole bodie of a weasel boiled in wine being in the manner of a plaister placed thereunto For the expelling of the gout take a dead weasel and boile him in oyle vntil it be made liquid then straine forth the oile and mingle it with wax Theophrastus fashioning the same in the forme of a plaister and this being in good order applyed wil in very short time expel it quite away A house weasel is wont to be burned for diuers remedies and to be imbowelled with salt and dried in a shade But there are some late writers which affirme Dioscorides that a weasell is better being dried or burned for the said disease then vsed in the aforesaid manner some also which are more foolish think it best being onely salted but it is more proper being vsed in the first manner The bodies of creatures which are dry by nature being dryed by the sprinkling of salt vpon them are vnmeete for foode for a certaine man going about to salt a Hare made it like vnto a dryed weasel Some haue written that the flesh of a Hedge-hog dried doth very much profit those which are troubled with an outward or inwarde leprosie which if it can effect it will more strongly haue a drying force or power euen as the flesh of a weasell being dried and drunke in wine expelleth poison A vulgar weasell being kept very old and drunke in VVine to the quantity of two drams is accounted a present remedy against the venome or stings of serpents A young weasel being prepared as is before said that is to say imbowelled with salte Gallen is of good force against all il medicines A weasel vsed in the same maner doth presentlie cure the bites of serpenst A weasel being brent and dryed especially the belly thereof is accounted an excellent remedy against the bitings of any other wilde beast Some small part of the belly of a young weasel to the quantity of two drams being stuffed with Coriander and drunke in wine is giuen to those that are smitten by serpentes and is curable for them The flesh of a weasel being burnt mingled with rue and wine and so drunke is very medicinable for the curing of the bites of al creatures Plâ—â— The young whelps of weasels being imbowelled with salt is very profitable for the healing of the deadly stinging or biting of the spider called Phalaugium The whelp of a weasel doth cure the venomous bitings of the shrew Albertus The flesh of a weasel being dried doth strongly dry and seperat by both which forces those are heald which are troubled with the falling sicknes hauing drunk it in wine This vertue is also attributed vnto the blood of weasels A weasel being dried and drunke in wine doth heale those that are troubled with the palsie or shaking of the ioynts Concerning the pouder of weaselles there are many things read But Galen writeth that he neuer burned this creature that he might try the excellency thereof The blood and pouder of a weasel are very profitable being anointed on those whose bodies are vext with the leprosie acording to the saying of Serenus in these verses Elephanti Morbo aduersus erit cedri de cortice succus Mustelaeue cinis vel fusus sanguis ab illa The pouder of a weasel being mingled with the blood of a young swallow doth heale the Quinsie or Squincy the inflammation of the iawes as also those which are greeued vvith the strangurie being either taken in bread or in drinke The same is also very effectual for the expelling of wens or bunches in the body and healeth those which are troubled with the falling sicknesse being daily taken in drinke The same diseases are both healed by this medicin to burn a liuing weasel altogether in an earthen pot Myrepsus and to mingle with the pouder thereof Hony Turpentine and Butter of each a sufficient quantity and in the maner of an ointment to apply it vnto the bodies of the grieued parties The blood of a swallow and a weasel are commended by some to be very congruent and agreeable but Pliny Auicenna and the rest of the auncient writers commend the blood of a weasel onely to bee very medicinable for these diseases following namely the falling sicknes the Foule-euil Serenus and the head-ach The pouder of a weasel being mingled in water and giuen to one that is madde or frenzy to drinke is reported by some to be very good and profitable for him if so be that they can compel the Franticke person to perceiue it The pouder of a weasel is very effectual for the expelling or taking away of the pin and web in the eies Plinie There is a speedy remedy for the driuing away of rheume in the head and the catar swelling by rheume in