do not disapprove the use of it though as much as I can I void the Smoak An inordinate Diet is very hurtful at all seasons but especially in a Pestilential one There can be nothing prescribed in general which may agree with each man in particular there is very much to be allowed to Custom but we must at all times industriously avoid all Meats that are difficult to be concocted and take great care that the Stomach be not overcharged For our Diet if we can so contrive it we ought to make choice of Veal Mutton Beef Pullets Capons Peacocks Larks Chaffinches Quails Hares Conies c. Perch Pike Whiting Sole Salmon c. Eggs Butter Green and Parma Cheese Buttermilk Cichory Endive Sorrel Lettuce Chervil Parsley Rosemary Sharp-Apples Quinces Limons Oranges Capers c. On the other side Flesh and Fish which hath been dried and salted are very hurtful as Bacon and Pork Haddocks Eels Crabs Shrimps Green Fruit and all things that are hard of Digestion Walnuts are very much commended and not without good reason for there may be very much use made of them The green ones preserved do much good to those that abound with Choler but such as are come to their full ripeness whether you take them fresh gathered or when they are more dried all that make use of them will tell you that they are very pernicious The strongest Beer and Wine of a middle strength are very useful at such times if moderately taken but we cannot allow that any except such as are very ancient should dayly make use of strong and sweet Wines nor of Spirit of Wine and Brandy Go not forth into the Air with an empty Stomach but always take some Preservative against Infection Take our Prophylactick Water 6 ounces Julep of Roses 3 ounces Mix them take the quantity of a spoonful or two each morning Or Take our Prophylactick Conserve 3 ounces take the quantity of a Chestnut in the morning or as often as you are to go to an infected place Vinegar and all sharp things have been commended to us by long experience but they will not well agree with such as are troubled with a Cough weakness of Stomach or the Cholick if they are taken either alone or in too great a quantity I never had any great esteem for outward means but those that can fancy it may wear about their Neck this Amulet Take Arsenical Magnet a dram Benzoes as much as is sufficient make them into great rowls and sew them up in red Lawn We have before described the Arsenical Magnet when we treated of the Bubo Sleep and Watching exercise of the Body and the use of Women if immoderate are very hurtful Costiveness is prejudicial but not so much as a great loosness Sadness Fear and Anger will make very strange alterations in the Blood he who knows how to moderate those Passions is most prudent Practical Observations I. A Young Man aged twenty two years being lately returned from the East-Indies on the 21 of July 1655. in the Evening was suddenly taken with a great pain in his Head and a shivering through his whole Body having that day received much injury from the Water and Air the day following he became exceedingly delirous so that he could not by four men be kept in his Bed The Plague at that time raged very much in the next Town which was very populous but there had as yet appeared no Symptoms of it in this of ours We met with no outward signs of any Malignity nor did those within appear so considerable as to forbid the breathing of a Vein which the Delirium did very much press us upon I therefore prescribed a Cordial Mixture which might also be Sudorifick whereof 2 spoonfuls was to be taken each quarter of an hour and after the space of one hour a Vein to be opened in the right Arm and seven ounces of Blood to be taken from thence I had more than once before made trial of this Mixture in a Pleurisie which was accompanied with Spots The Description of it is as followeth Take Waters of Borage Holy-Thistle Bawm of each an ounce Alexipharmick Water an ounce and half Cinamon-water half an ounce Confection of Alkermes without Amber-greece and Musk a dram and half Syrup of the juyce of Citrons an ounce Mix them The mixture was taken and a Vein opened and such things as we thought fitting applyed to the Temples the Neck and the Soals of the Feet but all was not sufficient to overcome the Malignity of the Disease for he dyed that night II. A Man and his Wife on the 5 th of July were both taken with Buboes in their Groin She was very drowsie Feverish and Anxious but by the use of Sudorificks and drawing Plaisters she was by the 10 th day following restored to perfect health He was seized on by a pain in the Head and a small Delirium which continued till the 5 th day on which he was taken with a great fit of Bleeding which with some intermission continued for two days this according to the opinon of all Practical Physicians was to be judged very dangerous But when I considered that his strength was not at all hereby impaired but on the otherside the pain in the Head and the Fever abated nor did the Bubo strike inward I cast away fear and concluded that the Judgments of men by time and experience might be much corrected I therefore thought it not the best course to continue here the use of Sudorificks but rather to strengthen the Heart and to incrassate the Blood and thereby to stop the Flux of it To which purpose I prescribed this which followeth to be taken by a spoonful at a time Take Water of Roses and Plantane of each four ounces Cinamon-water six drams Dragons-Blood red Coral prepared of each a scruple Confection of Hyacinth a dram Spirit of Salt eight drops Syrup of Barberies an ounce and half Mix them Upon the taking of this the Bleeding and the Delirium both ceased and thereupon the Patient grew well the Bubo continuing for ten weeks after III. A Maid on the 4th of September was taken with a Fever a pain at the Heart and in the Head and with a Bubo which broke out about the inward part of the bending of the left Arm and seized on the Tendon of the Muscle Biceps from hence proceeded a very acute pain not only in that part where the Bubo appeared but also about the Armpits by consent of parts although there was no swelling which thereabouts appeared I gave her this Sudorifick forthwith Take Diascordium of Fracastorius four scruples Sal Prunella a scruple Alexipharmick-water an ounce and half and Holy-Thistle-water as much as is sufficient Syrup of Limons half an ounce Mix it for a draught To the Bubo I applied the Divine Plaister The Sweat came plentifully but the pain of her Arm a Delirium and continual watchings after the use of several other things forced us
be purified and in some manner concocted in which its operation that the Blood may be rendred more perfect 't is carried to the Heart especially when by reason of its continual and necessary Pulsation the Blood cannot remain long in the Heart and for this reason I judge the whole Blood must needs be moved about with a circular motion The Blood made in the Liver as is declared but now in the eighth Chapter enters the Vena Cava and from thence into the Heart And thus the Royal Liver at the same time when Kings are taken away may yet use a limited power and may remain with honour in its own Kingdom But what shall we do with the Melancholick Spleen which makes many laugh It hath many accusers and not fewer excusers 1. It was never accounted by Hippocrates the Learned Greek a receptacle of the Excrements or is it any where to be found in him that he call'd the Spleen another Liver 2. The great number of Veins and Arteries and so by consequence the abundance of Vital Spirits do not permit the Excrements to be collected here 3. It hath not any convenient Cavity wherein the Melancholy Faeculent Juice can be received 4. And if you imagine that there is no necessity here of a Cavity its Parenchyma is too thick and not porous enough therefore unfit for the reception of so thick a Humor which also is never naturally found in it 5. It is too great a Bowel to perform so vile an Office 6. In dead men where Melancholiness hath been the cause of their death upon the examination of the Internal parts there none of them less recede from its natural state than the Spleen the Heart only excepted whom the Vital Spirits do so greatly defend that it is less affected than other parts which seldom happen to the Intestines Kidneys Gall and Bladder What is therefore its Use It elaborates the Acid Humor which is very necessary but not Excrementitious and mingles it as a Ferment with the Blood by which it becomes more perfect and fitter for Circulation In my judgment the Salt of the Blood affords matter to this Humor which it greatly requires that it may not be corrupted but this Salt which proceeds from the Meat and drink is never so pure but that it hath need to be brought to a more perfect state in our Body But this is my Opinion The Supremest of the Kings is the Heart to this are two others subject the Liver and Spleen I beseech you give me leave to make use of this Similitude in favour of the Ancients the Heart makes the Blood the Liver repeats the Concoction and separates the Choler the Spleen from its own Salt by an innate vigor produceth an Acid Humor which as a Ferment by the Venal Splenic Branch it mixeth with the Blood to render it the perfecter and the more fit for Circulation if any Excrementitious part should be there separated it is all by the Caeliack Artery and the Haemorrhodal Vessels sent to the Guts If it appears to any one to be a contradictory that by Salt a Humor should be made Acid we advise that person to taste some Spirit of Salt About sixteen years since the great Anatomist Franciscus Sylvius put forth some particular things concerning the use of the Spleen he was of opinion that the Blood was not made in the Ventricles of the Heart neither that it was carried from the Heart by the Arteries to all the parts of the Body for nourishment-sake alone but that it likewise underwent some other Mutation in the rest of the Viscera's particularly that the Spleen further concocts the Arterial Blood and brings it to a higher degree yea that it more then perfects it so that the Blood in a manner in this place assumes the nature of Ferment by whose means in a short time a great quantity of Mass may become acid in the same manner he affirms that the Blood more and more concocted in the Spleen there receives strength by which it restores the returned and weakned Blood and preparing together with it the Chile that it may the sooner be turned into Blood The Reasons which he produceth for it are these 1. The Spleen receives a much greater quantity of Blood from the Heart than is necessary for its nourishment 2. That it can be returned back again to the Heart by no other way than by the Branches of the Vena Cava and Porta for what hath hitherto been delivered of the short Vessel are to be accounted but ridiculous Fictions as may most evidently be made appear in dissected Bodies 3. Seeing this Blood is continually mix'd with the returned Blood and Chile in its passage to the Heart it ought not to be an Excrement for so the Noble Parts and the whole Body would not be purged but the more injured 4. Chymistry hath long since taught us that such mutations happen daily in Nature The Remaining Part of the Blood unuseful to the Body therefore Excrementious is thrown out through the Guts Ureters and Parts of the Skin c. concerning which it is not necessary to add more here but now we are forced to describe those new watry passages which the studious in Anatomy have long and diligently inquired into The watery passages the Lymphatick Vessels have their rise both from the Liver and from the Joints and receive the liquid Juice from the Arteries with which they correspond Those which come from the Liver embrace the Vena Porta and so pass to the Misaraick Glandules of the Chile as do those also that ascend from the Feet thence they discharge their Water into the great Lacteal Vein which as we have already declared carries the Chile to the Heart Those which proceed from the Arm both lie above and under the Veins until they come to the Subclavial Vein which they enter about the same place where the great Lacteal Vein doth being furnished with a particular Valve just at their entrance and so altogether they carry the Water to the Heart This Water is Sweet not being as Urine is Salt These Vessels consist of a very thin Tunicle whence they are soon broke Use of them in my opinion is to take the superfluous Water from the Arteries and carry it to the Glandules of the Chile and Lacteal Vein by which the Chile being made more Liquid may the more conveniently be conveyed through the narrower passages thence to return the same to the Arterial Blood making it fitting to serve to the nutrition of the moist parts and to the cooling and moistening of the hot But that it may the more clearly appear in what manner I conceive how what hath already been said is perform'd in our Body observe that the Meat is converted in the Stomach into Chile to which part of the Drink is mingled this mixture is carried through the Glandules of the Chile and the great Lacteal Vein into the Heart where it is changed into Blood which is by means of
c. pag. 101 Scraping 37 how it s performed on the Bones pag. 65 Scrotum its watry Tumor how cured by Paracentesis pag. 51 Secundine its extraction pag. 74 Seton where how c. to be made pag. 71 Shortness of Breath pag. 280 Shoulder-Blade Broken pag. 13 Sinchondrosis pag. 208 Sincurosis Ibid. Skull and its parts 209. its Fractures 10. its Bones and Sutures pag. 209 Sphacelus its Causes Signs Cure c. pag. 116 Sparmatocele pag. 34 Spermatick Vessels pag. 319 Spinal Marrow pag. 293 Spittle its use matter c. pag. 250 Spleen its Wound pag. 175 Sternum pag. 208 Stitching in cure of Wounds how to be performed pag. 160 Sticking-Plaister pag. 161 Stomach its History pag. 315 Stone in the Bladder cause sign c. 83. its Extraction pag. 82 Suture pag. 208 Sumphysis Ibid. Synerthosis Ibid. Synthesis what it is pag. 1 Syssarcosis pag. 208 T. TAlus pag. 338 Tarsus and its Bones pag. 211 Teeth how many c. 273. their pain its cause and cure 282. their Breeding in Children how remedied pag. 284 Temperaments of men described pag. 202 203 Temples what pag. 268 Terebration 37. How performed pag. 67 Testes of the Brain pag. 294 Testicles of men 320. in Women 321. Inflamed 326. Cancer Sphacelus pag. 327 328 Thigh 210. Broken 15. Dislocated pag. 24 Thorns things to draw them out of a Wound pag. 158 Tibia 210. It s Fracture pag. 16 Timpanum pag. 276 Tongue-tied the Cure pag. 47 Tophs pag. 214 Tumor its Causes c. 88. Flatulent its Cause Cure c. pag. 107 Tunicle conjunctiva Adnata Retina Aranea Cornea Vitrea Vvea 274. Elytroides Erithroides Albuginea pag. 320 V. VAlves of the Vena Cava 225. of Vena Pulmonalis 226 of the great Artery 228. of Arteria Pulmonalis pag. 230 Veins their difference 221. Adiposa 224. Atteriosa 230. Axillares 224. Azygos 223. Basilica 224. Cava and its distribution 222. Cephalica Cervicalis 224. Coronaria Stomachi 226. Cordis 223. Emulgens 224. Epigastrica Ibid. Gastrica minor 225. Major 226. Gastroepiloris 225. Haemorrhoidalis 226. Hypogastrica 224. Intercostalis Jugularis 223. Intestinalis Ischiatica 225. Lactea Magna 253. Lumbaris 224. Mammaria 223. Mediastina 223 Mediana 224. Mesenterica Mesocolica 226. Muscula inferior superior 223. Phrenica ibid. Poplitea Porta 225. Pulmonalis 226. Saphena 225. Spermatica Salvatella 224. Subclavia 223. Splenica 226. Thoracica 224. Vmbilicalis 314. which to be cut in particular Diseases pag. 227 Venters of the Body what and how many pag. 266 Ventricles of the Brain 294. of the Heart pag. 307 Vertebra's of the Neck 210 297. of the Loyns 312 of the Abdomen of the Back pag. 210 Vlcers their difference causes signs cure 177 178. with foul Bones their cause sign cure 182. Spreading and Malignant 184. Fistulous 186. of the Eyes 194. of the Legs 199. of the Nose 195. of the Bladder 197. of the Womb 199. Vlcerous Excrescency pag. 211 Vnition pag. 2 Vreter 319. Exulcerated pag. 325 Vrethra pag. 321 W. WAtry Passages 261. Tumor pag. 103 Wind Medicines discussing it pag. 108 Womb its History 322. inflamed c. 329. its falling down 34. Haemorrhoides 330. whether it can be taken away pag. 329 Worms in the Pericranium in the Bladder their Remedies pag. 325 Wounds their difference causes signs c. 147. their symptoms and cure 153. of the Stomach their cure 174. which are mortal 149. their Lips how to be joyned 159. of the Ears and Lips 173. of the Head and Brain 172. of Heart 174. of the Face 172. of the Guts 175. of the Liver and Spleen 175. of the Nerves their causes c. 166. of the Eyes 173. of the Lungs Ib. of the Kidneys 176. Made by Gun-shut 168. of the Tendons 166 Poysoned 170. of the Bladder pag. 176 Wrenching pag. 17 Y. YArd pag. 321 FINIS MEDICINA MILITARIS OR A BOBY OF MILITARY MEDICINES Experimented BY Raymundus Mindererus Late Chief Physician of the Electoral Court of Bavaria and of the Imperial City of Aspurg Englished out of High-Dutch LONDON Printed for Charles Shortgrave at the Turk's-Head in St. Paul's Church-Yard 1686. CISTA MILITARIS OR A Military Chest Furnished Either for SEA or LAND With Convenient MEDICINES and necessary INSTRUMENTS Amongst which is also a Description of Dr. LOWER'S LANCET for the more safe Bleeding Written in Latine By Gulielmus Fabritius Hildanus Englished for publick Benefit LONDON Printed for Charles Shortgrave at the Turk's-Head in St. Paul's Church-Yard 1686. A Description of a LANCET FOR The more secure Letting of BLOOD By Dr. LOWER FOrasmuch as it hath been thought convenient by several good Chirurgeons to contrive a safe way of Blood-letting for the benefit of young Beginners in that Profession and whereas Dr. LOWER of late in his Treatise of the Heart hath discovered a plain and secure way of Bleeding and given a figure of the Lancet which he commends for that purpose I have been advised for the publick Good to translate what he hath written and likewise give the figure of the Lancet and description of the Use of it as it is printed in the 166 page of the last and truest Edition of his Book Printed at Amsterdam 1671. in the Author 's own words HOw great Ebullition sometimes happens in the Blood in what vessels and with what swift motion it is cast about every where through the Body and if an Artery be opened how quickly and with what force it breaks out it hath been hitherto treated of in the foregoing Discourse by which it appears how necessary sometimes Blood-letting is to diminish its Quantity or to stop its Career and how dangerous the Administration of it is if it be performed by a rude and unskilful hand For it often happening either by want of skill or common practice of Bleeding which makes the Mind fearful and consequently the Hand trembling and uncertain that an Artery is opened or a Nerve or Tendon cut or prick'd whence follows Swellings Pains Inflammations Gangrenes or Convulsions which put the member in danger of being cut off or render'd useless I thought it might not be beyond the scope of my Treatise if by way of Appendix I should shew by what means and Instrument any Vein might be safely and securely opened if it swell upon a Ligature though it have an Artery Nerve or Tendon immediately under it Forasmuch therefore as never any harm happens in Blood-letting unless a Vein be prick'd through or slipping aside the Lancet be put too deep into the part the Fabrick of this Lancet is such and ought to be so put into the Vein as both may be easily prevented For the Lancet is so contrived that it is not cutting on each side unless it be near the point but is purposely blunt and made round on the lower side which is to be applied next to the skin that it may more easily slide over it as it appears by the following Table in which a the Lancet b the place where the upper edge
Tacamahac of each half a dram Ol. Philosophorum and Carraways distilled of each an ounce Make it into a Plaister These impediments being thus removed and the Caul or Intestines reduced to their place you must then with convenient Bands or Trusses so long keep them in until the burst Peritonaeum be so firmly grown either together again or to the Muscles of the Belly that nothing can fall out of it any more And this you will the sooner obtain if you outwardly lay on it the following Plaister and inwardly assist Nature with appropriated Medicines But here remember that in old Ruptures and aged People the edges of the burst Peritonaeum are sometimes callous that how fitly soever they are brought together yet they can never grow together and in that case Bands must do the best but in young Children they easily grow together and here Trusses are better than the best Bands Those that are not acquainted with them must confult those that are A Plaister for a Rupture Take Roots of the great Comfrey Bistort of each an ounce and half Round Birthwort two drams Galls Cypress-Nuts Pomegranate-Rinds of each one dram and half Flowers of Balaustians Red-Roses Oak-Leaves of each half a dram Aloes dragons-Dragons-Blood Acacia Earth-worms dried Frankincense Mastick Myrrhe Sarcocols Mummy of each one dram Pitch Colophony Burnt-Talch of each one dram Lytharge Bole-Armonick Lap. Hematitis prepared Steel of each one scruple Venice-Turpentine as much as is sufficient to make a Plaister An Apozem that the Patient may take five ounces two or three time a day Take Osmund-Royal Rupture wort of each one handful Roots of the great Comfrey Bistort of each one ounce and half St. Johns-wort Flowers one handful Aniseeds two drams Boyl them in Red-Wine and to a pint and half of the strained Liquor Add Of the Syrup of Comfrey of Fernelius two ounces Make it an Apozem Pills that the Patient may take five or six of mornings and evenings Take Mummy one dram Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar two drams Myrrhe Filings of Steel dried Hares-Dung of each half a dram Powder of Earth-Worms two scruples Make them into Pils about the bigness of a great Pease If by a Wound the Caul or Intestines come out you are to endeavour to put them in again before they lose their natural warmth or colour by the Air otherwise there will remain but small hopes of recovery If the Intestines be wounded then with a waxed Thread stitch the Lips together and with a gentle hand return it into the Body as also the Omentum slipt out unless it should have lost its natural colour and warmth in which case you must tie it in the place where it is sound cutting off the part that is putrid and reduce it into the Belly leaving the Thread hanging out of the Wound that after Suppuration it may be conveniently fetcht out And then you must stitch together the Wound of the Belly and the Peritonaeum which is to be done after this manner Take a Needle thred it with a Waxen Thread thrust it from without through the Skin and Muscles unto the very Peritonaeum leaving it on this side untoucht but lay hold on it on the other side pierce it through and the Muscles and the Skin also drawing the Lips together then passing over the space of an inch thrust in the Needle on the same side again on which you drew it out last through the Skin and Muscles leaving again the Peritonaeum on the same side untoucht but holding it on the other side thrust it through together with the Skin and Muscles and so on Then seeing that by reason of the continual motion of the Belly your stitches may be easily undone the rather because the haste sometimes here to be used will not permit to make them with Exactness it is always necessary to apply to the Wound a sticking-Plaister Among these Ruptures is to be reckoned the Navel-Rupture called Exomphalos or Hernia Umbilicalis which proceeds from the same cause and is cured by the same means Only you are here to observe That upon the Plaister you must put Bolsters of Leather or other hard things and this according to the bigness of the Rupture that by this means it may be sufficiently and perfectly kept in It is worthy nothing that the Peritonaeum seldom bursts in this part I have divers times found and shewed in dissected Bodies that the Navil together with the Intestine following stood out bigger than a mans Head insomuch that the right Muscles of the Belly were pressed to the side and severed from one another and yet was the Peritonaeum but stretched and no where broken These are the simple and compounded Ruptures that are commonly described but Practice shews us many others not mention'd by Writers For Experience hath taught me that the Peritonaeum may burst in the back-part and there cause a Rupture We also find that the Processus Peritonaei near to the Groins may come so to be lacerated that the Guts press not into the Scrotum but between the Skin and Muscles falls down toward the Thigh Besides we have more than once found that the Vás deferens was fallen twisted into the Scrotum and had there made a Rupture which happening it may with the Hands be easily reduced yet goes in of it self by lying backward without any further inconvenience The manner of cure had nothing peculiar in it self but that you contrive such Bands that may reduce the parts fallen out into their right place without prejudicing the sound ones Among these Ruptures are commonly reckoned divers Swellings that belong to other Chapters where also we intend to describe them But to comply with young Students I shall here enumerate those that in the modern Practice do occur Namely 1. Entero-cele Hernia Intestinalis or the falling down of the Guts into the Groin 2. Epiplo-cele Hernia Omentalis or the falling down of the Caul 3. Omphalo-cele Hernia Umbilicalis or the Rupture of the Navel 4. Pneumato-cele Hernia Ventosa or the Wind-Rupture 5. Hydro-cele Hernia Aquosa Water-Rupture 6. Bubono-cele Swelling of the Glandules in the Groin 7. Cirso-cele a swelling of the Seminal Vessels in the Scrotum 8. Hernia-Veneris an hardening of the Testicles by an impure Concuóitus 9. Hernia-Humoralis a Repletion of the Testicles with unnatural Humors 10. Hernia Carnosa a fleshy Rupture 11. Broncho-cele Hernia Gutturis a swelling in the Throat 12. Spermato-cele figuratively so called by me when the Vas deferens falls twisted into the Scrotum CHAP. VIII Of the falling down of the Matrix THe Matrix does not easily fall down by Relaxation much less by Laceration of her broad Ligaments as most Writers imagin from hard Labour or by an indiscreet drawing away of the Secundine Others with me have seen that the bottom of the Matrix hath been plainly inverted in pudendis so that the inward part shewed it self as the outward We have also found especially in those that were subject to Costiveness or
Belly-ach that the membranes of the Pudenda were so far stretcht out that the unskilful have taken it for the Matrix it self and do so still For though many Authors have dared to write that the Womb may be cut out without danger of life seems altogether impossible to a skilful Anatomist To cure this Disease lay the Patient on her back with her Knees on high and Legs asunder then take a Wax-Candle of a competent thickness mix therewith some Castoreum or Assa Foetida and with it gently press the Womb inward and having sastened the Candle with a Bandage apply outwardly to the Belly the Emplastrum Barbarum or the following Take the Roots of Cyprus Bistort of each a dram Galls Acacia of each half a dram Cypress-Nuts Date-stones Myrtle-Berries of each one dram Pitch and Colophony as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister Then presently enjoyn the Patient to lie still with the Legs cross and to beware of speaking aloud of scolding and of whatever may occasion coughing or sneezing Here great care is to be had that your Wax-Candle be not too thick to the end that by its continual friction it may not cause Fluorem Album whereby the strength of the Body would certainly come to decay Yet because ev'n by the greatest care and circumspection this inconvenience will hardly be altogether or always prevented therefore those do very well and discreetly that long-ways perforat the Candle and thereby give a convenient passage for the humors flowing that way CHAP. IX Of the falling down of the Fundament IF the Gut be sunk down anoint it with Oyl of Rose and Myrtle mixing a little Powder of Galls amongst it and with your Fingers and a small Linnen-Rag put it in If an Inflamation hinder the reducing it then bathe the Anus with these Medicines Take Flowers of Elder Camomile and St. John's-wort of each a handful Red Roses rwo Pugils the tops of Wormwood and Melilot of each half a handful Boil therein Milk and Red Wine and bathe the part Here especially care is to be had that no external cold may come to the fallen-out Anus for then you may sooner than you are aware of be surprized with a Gangreen Wherefore do your utmost to put it in again with speed and in the mean time endeavor with the above prescrib'd Bathing and warm Linnen Rags to preserve its natural heat There is yet another though in appearance ridiculous yet in reality a good way of reducing the Gut With a strong hand strike five or six times the Patient's Buttocks and thereby the Muscles called Ani levatores will presently draw the Anus into its right place again But before the Patient be thus chastized take care that the Gut may first be anointed with Oyl of Roses or of Myrtle CHAP X. Of the second Operation called Diaeresis or the seperation of what was united together HItherto we have joined together again what had been disjoined now it follows that we separate what is united and treat of the second Manual Operation called Diaeresis which teacheth us the manner of Cutting and Burning and that both in the hard and soft parts of the Body In the soft the Cutting is called Incision In the hard it is performed four manner of ways By Terebration or Perforation by Rasion or Scraping by Limation or Filing by Serration or Sawing Burning is done either by an Iron which is the Actual Cautery or by Medicaments called the Potential Cautery as shall be declared particularly hereafter CHAP. XI Of opening a Vein BLeeding one of the greatest Remedies in the Art of Physick is sometimes highly necessary but sometimes so dangerous that it ought not to be used without very urgent Causes Here therefore I think it will be better somewhat to digress for fuller information than to leave the unskilful in their error The Blood is the darling of Nature by whose assistance she performeth all her Operations and which can hardly be drawn from her without dammage yet does Art require that those who meddle with it being neither venturous nor timorous but discreet and couragious and making out of necessity a virtue do sometimes proceed to the opening a Vein yet for no other than these four following causes 1. In a Plethora or super-abundance of blood that by this means Nature may be eased of her too heavy burden and the innate heat preserved from suffocation 2. For Revulsion-sake when the blood and the therein mingled humors by flowing too plentifully to this or that part hinder the Cure Here you are always to chuse a Vein of the opposite side and that sometimes the farthest distant sometimes the nearest 3. For the Derivation or conveyance of the Blood which is already got into the part but is not yet altogether setled there nor extravasated into another place in which case a Vein is to be opened the nearest to the Part. 4. For Refrigeration when the heat of the Blood is so excessive that it cannot be allayed by cooling Medicines or not time enough These limits are too narrow for some who will needs take into those a fifth cause which they make the Corruption of the Blood held by them to be as great an inducement for bleeding as any of the four by us recited to the end say they that Nature being rid of part of what is corrupt may be the better able to correct what remains But I much wish 1. That they could make this discharge without the loss of that strength which is so highly necessary 2. That they would be present when their Patient is to bleed and precisely tell to what degree of corruption his blood is come that so the Chirurgeon may know how much of it he is to take and how often forasmuch as they will not allow that Bleeding is good in all sorts of the Blood 's corruption but in that only which is not gone considerably far 3. That they would declare why they will have cur'd the greater corruption by Purging and the lesser by Bleeding since that they give to the one as well as to the other and that duly the name of Cacho-Chimia Let them shew that things differing only secundum Majus Minus do differ in specie and so require specifically different Remedies Others proceed yet further and shed innocent Blood in all sorts of Fevers without any consideration of spots of the Plague or of Poison it self thus freeing themselves from a great deal of labor and trouble otherwise caus'd to the Physitian from the variety of Fevers But because the nature of all Poyson and Malignant Humors is continually to assault the Heart and suddenly to prostrate the strength of the strongest Persons and since Bleeding doth likewise both not only diminishing strength but also drawing the malignity toward the Heart and driving in again for the oppression of Nature what she had thrown out for her relief I do intreat and warn all the Practisers of our Art That as they love the
quiet of their Mind and the good of their Patients they would beware of bleeding in Pestilential and other Malignant Fevers as also in all cases that may befal People by Poyson either inward or outward The French Italians Spaniards and Portugueses great Blood-letters will I expect tell me That Nature when by bleeding she hath vent and is somewhat discharg'd shall be better able to throw out the remaining Evil. And this seems to be true for the blood indeed receives Air that the Spirits may the better flie away and is robb'd of that strength which it so necessarily wants whereupon Nature exchangeth the Life of the Patient for death and extorts tears from the By-standers Without alledging other Reasons they ground themselves upon Experience And it were to be wished they had that ground indeed for we find such Patients of theirs who in the morning were in no danger even after but the taking away of five or six ounces of Blood to be cold and stiff at night Whence it may easily be collected what it is they call Experience viz. If the Patient by chance escape death then Bleeding must have the honor of it but if he die as for the most part then the malignity of the Disease was the cause of it Wherefore I alledge Experience against Experience and praise God Almighty that he hath vouchsafed to furnish all those who without envy passion or slavish dependance upon others will duly consider Diseases with surer means The more moderate sort of them would have Bleeding only administred in the beginning of the Disease and before the Malignity appears outwardly This I shall willingly allow them 1. In very hot Countreys 2. In a Plethorick Body 3. If the humors flying to the head cause any grievous symptoms there in which case bleeding in the Hand or Foot may be I think very beneficial Otherwise those that use it in all bodies and without distinction in these cold and moist parts will find the ill effects of it and be puzled withal to give a reason for their Practice allowable by Art the rather because by their own confession they dare not use this their Darling of Bleeding at certain times but find themselves best in the use of Sudorificks and cooling Drinks But enough of this Now how many Ounces of Blood ought to be taken at once the degree of the Disease and the Patients more or less strength will indicate And 't is better too little than too much I have never taken more from the strongest and most plethoric Person under my Cure than twelve ounces at once chusing rather in case of need to let out twenty ounces at two times than fifteen at once of which method I have found good success As to the season of the year and the hour of the day little regard needs to be had in those Diseases wherein bleeding cannot be deferred without danger as in Plurisies Squinancies c. Otherwise the Spring and Autumn and the Morning are best The veins that are wont commonly to be opened are these In the Forehead the Vena frontis in the Temples the Vena Temporalis in the Mouth the Vena sublingualis or Ranularis in the Neck the Jugularis externa in the Arm the Basilica under which lieth an Artery the Mediana under which lieth a Nerve and under both of them a Tendon and the Cephalica which hath under or near it neither Artery Nerve nor Tendon and therefore may safely be opened This last hath but one small Branch that runs outward to the head whence it hath got the name of the Head Vein Without this consideration it little matters which of these three be opened in regard that about the Arm-pits they all acknowledge no more but one Branch In the Hand between the little finger and its neighbour the Salvatella in the Foot the Saphena and Ischiatica The manner of Bleeding is so well known that I think it needless here to describe it only I could wish that some of those that let blood would take care somewhat better to guess of the number of Ounces of Blood they take from their Patients that so we might not find 12 16 18 yea 22 ounces drawn away instead of 6 or 8 that were prescribed To prevent so intolerable a mistake I would advise that small Porringers of Tin or Copper were made in which the number of ounces were mark'd though expert Masters do not at all need them as knowing that Blood is really weightier than it outwardly seems CHAP. XII Of the opening of Abscesses or Imposthumes THe Humors here and there gathered do often cause a Swelling which nature is not always able to dissipate unless Art do succor her by fit means which if fruitless you must use Suppuration and then stay till she of her self make an opening except there be a necessity to hasten one or even not to stay for a perfect Suppuration As 1. When the matter being very sharp or malign upon which happens a Corrosion of the neighboring parts and a corruption of the Bones Tendons or Nerves 2. When it may affect a nobler part 3. When it lieth in the Joynts 4. When it is cast out by a Crisis Before you proceed to the opening you are to consider whether the matter be contain'd in its own proper Tunicle or whether it be without any Tunicle If without any then make your apertion with a right Line observing the Fibres of the Muscles For Example In the head according to the position of the Hair long-ways in the Eye-lids transverse in the Temples the Nose Neck Breast Back Arms Feet Joynts long-ways in the midst of the Abdomen let it be long-ways in the sides of it somewhat oblique in the Groins transverse but not very deep by season of the subjacent seminary Vessels Always beware of touching any great Vein Artery or Nerve though the Fibres be cut a-cross lest from a lesser evil there should arise a greater The properest place for the opening is the most raised and softest part of the Abscess if possible in the depending that the purulent matter may the more conveniently be discharged To which end also you are with a Tent so long to keep open the wound until the part being altogether cleansed of its preternatural Humors may return to its former Functions In the opening thrust not in the Launcet too deep nor further into the Cavity than to the matter and as soon as you perceive that draw it a little back and turn the point upward making your opening through the Skin so big as may afford the contained matter a free vent If the Abscess be included in a Tunicle if small make the Incision long ways if big then make a double incision that is cross-ways and beware of touching the Vesicle otherwise you must expect a foetide and almost incurable Ulceration This being well done press out with your Fingers the Vesicle which seldom or never sticks to the Skin and easily follows cut off the little Artery
are to use other Remedies CHAP. XVI Of Removing a Cataract of the Eye A Cataract by the Greeks called Hypochyma by the Latines Suffusio in the German and Belgick Tongue De Staer is a concretion of superfluous Humors by little and little generating a preternatural Membrane betwixt the Cornea and the Crystalline Humor covering either totally or in part the Pupil of the Eye and so depriving the Patient of his sight or hindring it Difference It is either Imperfect when the Humor is thin or the Apple of the Eye not totally covered or Perfect when it is changed into a Membrane or the Pupil is quite covered Sometimes 't is white gray yellow green sometimes of a leaden colour c. according as the green yellow or black Choler is mingled amongst it The Seat of it is between the Cornea and the Crystalline humor being sometimes nearer to this sometimes to that The Cause is a Phlegmatick Humor either collected there by the weakness of the Eyes or by the Brain transmitted thither by reason of its abundance The Prognosticks The imperfect Cataract may easily be cured in the beginning by convenient External and Internal Medicines in sound Bodies and in Patients of a middle Age. The less the Pupil is dilated the less hope of Cure The nearer the Suffusion is to the Crystalline Humor the more dangerous If the Eye be turned to the Sun and the Patient then sees no glimmering of Light there is no benefit to be expected from the Manual Operation If the Humors of the Eye be commixt by the Needle though the Membrane be removed then blindness will certainly remain If in the Operation you happen to touch the Membrane of the Eye called the Retina the Patient will after that always see the Air as if full of small Hair and Flies A Cataract commonly remains so soft unto the third year that it will not follow the Needle after the third or fourth year it is so firm and hard that it can by no Art be loosned The Blood spilt by the use of the Needle causeth no danger and soon ceaseth of it self Though the Cataract be not altogether suppressed but divided into several pieces the sight doth often perfectly return within six or eight weeks though before that time the whole Operation should seem to be fruitless which I speak from manifold Experience The Cure The Imperfect Cataract requires solely the Aid of the Physitian who by Medicines and strengthening the Stomach and Head have done much to which purpose the conserve of Marjoram Rosemary Beteny Pulv. Diambre c. are very good And outwardly use the following means Take Gum Tragacanth dissolved in Eyebright water two drams Burnt Allom one scruple Make a Collyrium Or Take Celandine water an ounce and half White wine half an ounce Spirit of Wine two drams White Vitriol six grains Prepared Tutty a scruple Glass of Antimony five grains Sugar-Candy two drams and an half Camphire six grains Mix it and make a Collyrium Or Take Juyce of Fennel of Celandine of each two ounces Leaves of Rue and Marjoram of each a Pugil Eye-bright one handful of the Gall of an Oxe four ounces the Gall of Hens an ounce Red-Myrrhe Aloes of each a dram and half Sarcocols half an ounce Camphire two scruples Mingle them and let them be dilled in B. M. If the Cataract be confirmed then let the Manual Operation be your only refuge but beware of attempting the Operation if the Patient have long before complained and still complains of Head ach or pain of his Eyes if the Body hath not been cleansed in general nor the Head in particular and if the Patient be yet molested with a Fever Sneezing Coughing or Vomiting Having chosen a convenient season of the year some morning in the decrease of the Moon and a clear and serene Air set the Patient in a Chair and against him let the Operator sit in one somewhat higher than his bind up his sound Eye and make him clap his hand about your waste without stirring them at all as long as you are busie in the Operation Let some body hold his Head fast behind and hold you asunder his Eye-lids charging him to turn the Eye towards his Nose which when he doth quickly thrust your Needle into the Cornea half a straws bredth from the Iris and bring it unto the hollow of the Eye when the Needle hath toucht the Cataract endeavour therewith to press it gently and so long from above downwards until it remains there if it be stubborn in springing up again and again divide it into several parts and keep these particles or the whole Cataract a little while under that it may not return again before the Pupil of the Eye then draw out the Needle and bind up as well the sound as the unsound Eye with Linnen-cloths moistened in some Rose water the White of an Egg and a little Allom mixed together Beware in the Operation of hurting the Crystalline Humor and the sound Tunicles CHAP. XVII Of Leeches LEeches more advantagious than Scarification and safer than Bleeding may with benefit be applied as well in strong as in weak Bodies they only draw Blood from the Cutaneous Vessels by which they cure light Diseases if only applyed to the Skin but if applyed to some greater Vessel they draw also Blood from the Internal Parts and so remove internal and more desperate Diseases There is great care required in the choice of Leeches for those with great Heads and that are green and shining with hair or blew stripes on their Backs are not without Poyson as also those that live in standing or putrid Waters But those are to be chosen that are slender and long with little heads and red Bellies and such as are nourished in clear running Water They are never to be applied to the Part new taken but after they have been taken a day or more in fair Water and fed with a little Blood that they may be cleansed of all their impurities the place where they are to be applied is to be rubb'd till it be red and if they fasten not 't is to be moistened with Cream or with Blood fresh taken from a Pigeon or the part it self to be prickt with a Needle till it bleed if they draw sluggishly cut their tails off with a pair of Scissars After they have suckt a sufficient quantity of Blood and they fall not off themselves put upon their Heads a little Ashes or Salt and they will suddenly desist from their work they are not to be pull'd off by force lest they leave their heads behind them from whence incurable wounds and oftentimes Death succeeds 'T is to be noted that they rather draw Arterial Blood than Venal therefore they ought to suck the less CHAP. XVIII Of the Cutting in the Hard Parts THe Section which is used in the Hard and Bony Parts is of four kinds viz. Scraping Filing Sawing and Perforating that is Trepanning Scraping is used in a
Fissure and foul Bone in the Teeth also when they are crusted over with a Tartarous black substance the Bones are to be scraped till you come to the sound part which is white and solid and a little blood cast forth and to the Bone thus scraped some drying Powder is to be applied the Pericranium and Periostium must first be seperated from the Bone before you go about this Operation for by no means are they to be touched with the Instrumenr neither likewise the lips of the Wound Filing is used in the Teeth for when they unnaturally stand forth and either in Eating or Speaking are any hinderance to a man then that which thus sticks forth is with a File to be taken off which must be done carefully without any injury to the neighouring parts and by degrees neither with two great a Violence lest it loosen the Tooth The use of the Saw is in a mortified part when the Bone is to be cut a sunder concerning which Operation I shall suddenly speak Perforating or Trepanning is of great use when the Bones are extreamly soul but 't is of greatest use in those effects which the Fissure or a Fracture of the Skull or a Contusion may produce Seeing therefore this Operation is so full of danger 't is diligently to be enquired in what Cases 't is necessary and in what 't is not for a Fissure as a Fissure as likewise a Fracture as a Fracture requires not the Trepan as an operation without which they cannot be cured In like manner a slight Contusion doth not always occasion such dangerous symptoms that the Trepan may not cause worse for oftentimes a small quantity of extravasated Blood in Robust People is often discussed by the work of Nature her self except the innate heat be weakened by external Cold which in the use of the Trepan let what care possibly be had cannot be totally avoided besides this the Blood is more often extravasated between the two Membranes the Dura-Mater and the Pia Mater there the Trepan can seem to promise but little good but in this case I would not much matter to divide the Dura Mater Experience having taught us that by the help of Art and Nature hath an Incision nay Gangrene of the Part it self been cured Therefore for the most part but in three cases is the Trepan required 1. Where the loose pieces of the Bones prick and wound the Meninges which is to be known by the continual pricking pain presently from the very hurting perceived granted the Patient be sensible but if not he is always feeling the Part affected wirh his hands There happens likewise Contusions of the Eyes and Convulsions of the Limbs Besides the quality of the Instrument which the Fracture hath made will more plainly demonstrate it 2. Where the first Table is only depressed but the second broke there being no way to give passage to the pieces how well soever by Art or Nature separated The Signs of this are a Dimness a Giddiness a Fever Vomiting and sometimes an Apoplexy a feeble small Pulse and especially about the Temples the depressed Bone in some manner obstructing the Circulation of the Blood in the Brain 3. Extravasation of Blood upon which follows Putrefaction and if not remedied Death it self The Signs which declare this Putrefaction is a continued Fever a great Heat in the Head unquiet Sleep Watchings Inflammation of the Eyes and light Delirium and moreover the Temperaments of Bodies are diligently to be consider'd for in Plethorick People to those above-named Symptoms are joyned a Laughing Talking idly and Redness of â—he whole Face In the Cholerick appears a yellowness of the Face and Eyes great Heat and Madness In the Phlegmatick all the Symptoms are less but sometimes it is accompanied with a Palsie sometimes with an Apoplexy In Melancholy men a dread impertinent Talk and Laughing is usual Where the Trepan is necessary apply it as soon as possible lest the putrifying Blood causeth greater evils that is on the third fourth or fifth day The manner of Trepanning is thus The Hair being shav'd Let the Skin be divided with a double Incision inform of a Cross to the Pericranium avoiding with the greatest diligence always the temperal Muscles and the Sutures of the Head this done bind up the Wound except the Hemorage be small which very often is so violent that it hinders the Chirurgeon for some days from any further Operation if it will then give leave to divide likewise the Pericranium from the Skull After some few hours the Skull already bar'd of its Pericranium the Patient well plac'd his Head must by some Person be firmly held his Ears being stopt with Cotton then set on the Trepan with a Pin which must neither be upon the Fracture nor upon the Sutures although there are some that venture to apply it upon the very Sutures themselves the Surgeon holding in his left hand the Instrument and with his right let him gently turn about the Trepan until it hath taken good hold round then take out the Pin and set the Trepan on again without it moving it still about and if you see any small Filings of the Skull take off the Trepan and wipe them away and the Trepan it self is sometimes to be dipt in the Oyl that it may the easier be turned about and sometimes in Water that it grows not hot If any Blood appears you may be certain that the Trepan had past the first Table then are you to have a greater care lest the Trepan should unawares slip in and wound the Meninges from whence oftentimes follows sudden Death For the Dura Mater invests the inside of the Scull in the same manner as the Pericranium doth the out-side but yet not so strongly joined to it but that by a fall or blow it may be easily separated from the Skull When the piece of Bone separated by the Trepan begins to be loose you must with a little Instrument put in between the Skull and the Trepan'd part and free it from the whole and so gently take it out with a pair of Forceps If there remain any inequality from Trepanning in the inside of the inward Table that may cause injury to the Meninx 't is to be taken away with an Instrument called Lenticula And that there may be a discharge given to the coagulated Blood and Matter the Dura Mater is to be compressed with an Instrument called a Decussorium To effect the same 't is commended that the Patient if sensible his Mouth and Nose being shut hold his Breath so that the Brain being raised upward the concreted and corrupted Matter may be thrown forth but very seldom is the Matter discharg'd by this only remedy for the Chirurgion hath need enough of the Decussorium Spunges Lint and the like Instruments the description and delineation of the which you may find in Joh. Andr. Ã Cruce Paraeus and others Read the 4 th Chapter of this Chirurgery where Fractures of the
and if it be where there is a double Bone as in the Leg and below the Elbow the Flesh and Ligaments between them is to be divided which being performed let the Bone be separated with a very sharp Saw If the Flux of Blood be not great to apply only those Medicines that stop Blood will be sufficient but if great an actual Cautery is to be used which is only to be applied upon the great Vessels then let the Ligature be taken off and the Part be fitly bound up If either the Patient or Chirurgeon be averse to the use of a Cautery then as soon as the Member is taken off let the Skin together with the Flesh in four distinct places opposite one to the other be taken up with a Needle and waxed Thread and the Ligature being loosened above or drawn down that if possible they may meet So by this way is the Hemorage staid the Bone preserved from all danger and the Wound sooner cured But this way is painful and troublesom therefore ought it the seldomer to be used Aquapendens his way When the principal design of Art in this Operation is to put a stop to Putrefaction to cause as little pain as may be and to stay the Flux of Blood all which the above-quoted Author thinks may be done if the Member be amputated in the dead Part but near to the sound then the Bone being divided with burning-hot Irons let the remainder of the dead Part be cauterized till the Patient perceive the heat of the Fire So he writes that by this course a Flux of Blood is not to be feared less pain is caused and within the space of two or three days will appear a separation of the Mortified Part from the Sound but in my opinion we ought to consider well of the Cause For in a Spacelus sprung from an Internal Cause in a Body otherwise sound this way is the best but in a Spacelus caused from a defect of innate Heat the former is more profitable CHAP. XXV Of the Fleshy Rupture SArcocele which is a Fleshy Rupture is a Tumor besides Nature produced from impure Blood flowing in too great quantity itno the Testicles and there degenerated into Flesh In this Definition received by the best Physitians and Chirurgeons I note two things 1. The cause of this Tumor not to be impure Blood seeing the best may produce it not simply abounding in quantity because it also happens in wasted Bodies though 't is not so soon generated nor arrives to such a greatness in these as in those Bodies but the true cause is the Erosion Rupture or Dilatation of the Membranes which close the Mouths of the Capillary Vessels that the nutritious Blood may not flow too suddenly into the Part from whence more Blood flows into the Part than what is required for its nourishment and Nature changeth that Blood which otherwise would purifie into a fleshy Substance 2. This flesh sometimes grows to the second of the common Tunicles of the Scrotum and not to the Testicles in which case it may be taken aways without either hurting or cutting of them out Signs are the hardness and slow encrease of the Tumor which is rather more troublesome than painful except accompanied with sharp Humors no appearance of any Tumor in the Groin Prognosticks A Sarcocele is hardly cured by the help of Medicines and seldom by manual Operation without taking off the Testicle if it extends it self into the Groins for the most part incurable Cure In the beginning when the Membranes of the Vessels being eroded broke or dilated do give leave for too much leave to issue forth Bleeding and the use of Repelling and Restringent Medicines profit much but when it hath begun to augment then we may use these following means Let there be made a little Orifice into the Scrotum rather in its Superior then Inferior Part through which by the help of Plegets let Suppurating Medicines be applied so that if possible to waste the Flesh every dressing diligently wiping away the Matter but not at all that the remaining Flesh may be the better consumed If these things succeed not draw forth the Testicle and by Incision take off as much Flesh as may be done without injury to it then restore it again into its place and the remainder of the Flesh endeavor to consume by Suppuration But if there be no hope of curing this Rupture by the recited means draw forth the Hernious Testicle as far as you may then pass once or twice a Silken Thred above the Tumor by the Process of the Peritonaeum then pass both ends of the Silk through the Orifice it self so that which was on the right side may be on the left and that of the left on the right and having ordered that the process of the Peritonaeum may be tied with a knot then cut off the Testicle letting both the ends of the Silk hang out of the Scrotum and so cure it as another Wound I cannot here but friendly advise 1. The Chirurgeon ought to consider well of the Cause before he comes to the Operation it self for sometimes the Parastates are so swell'd especially the Testicles being Scirrhous that they may easily deceive a very curious Examiner 2. The Ligature ought to be made as near to the Tumor as possible for by how much the higher part of the Process of the Peritonaeum be perforated it is observed to be so much the thicker which thing will retard the Suppuration and the falling of the Thread in the mean time Convulsions coming on denounce death 3. The Spermatick Vessels detain'd in the Scrotum oftentimes by Natures variety exceed the Testicles themselves in greatness which causes no other inconvenience but only Fear which I have observed to be true in more than one CHAP. XXVI The Extraction of the Stone out of the Bladder THe Stone is a hard Body concreted from Slimy Salt or Earthy Matter by a peculiar Lapidifying quality causing Pain Obstruction and other Symptoms in the place where it is detained The Cause is a Pituitous Salt or Earthy Matter which neither by heat nor cold by a peculiar lapidifying quality is changed into a Stone Signs The Urine is white slimy crude and troubled suddenly adhering to the Urinal sometimes it is bloody sometimes sandy or gravelly sometimes full of little Threads and not seldom supprest a great thirst a frequent making of Urine but with pain and by drops The Patients place themselves with their Thighs across always holding their Privy-Parts in their hands pressing the bottom of their Belly the Privy-Part is always erected very painful to go or walk in the Region of the Belly a weight perceived the Patient seldom making Water without going to Stool the Intestine commonly falls out especially in young People Although all these Signs seem plain yet they may sometimes deceive a Phisician it was formerly the Custom with a Catheter passed through the Ureter into the Bladder then
thrusting in one or two fingers into the Anus not only to search for the Stone but also understand its greatness But this searching was so very painful that it was difficult through fear of pain to have it permitted a second time and this thing gave occasion to have ready at the second time of searching all Instruments necessary for cutting out the Stone but the Omnipotent and great Prince of Physicians hath now granted to those miserable Patients those Chirurgeons who not only without Catheter but also without pain both in old People and Children which can most certainly find out the Stone and for this Reason they Excel the so much Esteem'd French-men I wish other places may may enjoy the same Artists Prognostick A crumbling Stone seldom a hard Stone can never be wasted by Medicines whatsoever boasting persons may say sometimes it is so soft that by the very Catheter it self it may be broke to pieces in the neck of the Bladder and be brought forth sometimes through its smalness it comes forth whole sometimes it sticks in the Urethra out of which without danger and great pain it cannot be removed if it sticks in the Tunicles of the Bladder or grows to the Superficies of the Interior Coat it cannot be taken away by Section without the death of the Patient By how much the greater the Stone is the Operation is the more dangerous and painful Stones are often drawn forth out of Womens Bladders about the bigness of an Olive or a Walnut without Incision but this way by Dilatation of Extracting the Stone is so dangerous that it ought not to be performed but by experienced Chirurgeons Cure Stones generated in the Kidneys Bladder or other parts of the Body for they may in any in general require the assistance of the Physician but we in this place treat only of the manner of drawing them forth out of the Bladder by Incision There are several ways by various Authors proposed but that which follows is the most common and most sure Let the Chirurgeon place his Patient on a soft Pillow in a strong mans Lap after he has three or four times jumpt from a high place then let him tie both his hands to the soles of his Feet and let two standers by hold each Knee extending them as far as may be one from the other then let him take the first Finger of his left-Hand or if necessity requires the two first anointed with Oyl of Lillies Roses or fresh Almonds and thrust them up the Fundament with his right hand gently compressing above the Os Pubis so that the Stone may slip down under the Os Pubis into the Perinaeum which when brought thither by the foresaid Fingers let him make Incision with a sharp Knife in the left side between the Testicles and the Anus near to the Suture of the Perinaeum cutting to the very Stone it self and if it comes not out of the Wound it self nor by the thrusting forth of the Fingers which are in the Intestinum rectum let him draw it forth with a pair of Forceps or which is better with the Lapidillum or Spoon The Stone being taken out and all the Ligatures loosed let the Wound be bound up according to Art applying Medicines stopping Blood viz. of Meal and Bole c. with the greatest care to consolidate it as soon as possible lest the Patient labour with a dropping of his Urine through the wounded part And this is the manner of drawing forth the Stone which Chirurgeons use to call Apparatus Minor which chiefly is used in Children although there are those which proceed thus in People of full growth But in our Country always this Incision is made by them whose Fingers are fitted for this Operation But in People of full Age it is sometimes very difficult to reach the Stone by the Fingers put up into the Fundament and after the same manner to bring it down into the Perinoeum if not altogether impossible as many think it therefore there is another way found out which they call Apparatus Major the Patient is put on a Table and bound and held as above the Chirurgeon through the Uretra passeth a Director into the Bladder to the Stone then Incision being made as obove in the hollow of the Director puts in the Conductor taking the Director out of the Uretra he passeth into the Wound the Forceps the Lapidillum or other Instrument convenient for drawing out the Stone by which he may both lay hold of it and draw it forth not making use of his Fingers in the Anus except great necessity compel him to it Where the Stone is bigger than the Orifice and cannot come forth the Wound is to be enlarged or the Stone to be broken into pieces by the Forceps and so drawn forth in parts This done the Binding and Consolidating the Wound ought to be the same as in Children giving it a stitch if it be too great putting in a Silver-Pipe for two or three days that may give passage to the Concreted Blood Slime and Sandy Urine The manner is the same in Women but only the Fingers are not put into the Anus but into the Privy-Parts and the Catheter must not be crooked but straight and much shorter than the other There is likewise another manner of drawing forth the Stone the Chirurgeon thrusting his Finger into the Anus presseth the Stone upwards to the Belly then through the Wound made in the right Muscle above the Os Pubis according to the ductus of its Fibres by the assistance of the Lapidillum or Forceps draw forth the Stone by this way is never observed any coming forth of the Urine and the place supposed convenient to draw forth the Stone But this Operation in it self is dangerous and troublesome and if the Lips of the Wound made in the Bladder unite not to the Muscles of the Abdomen there follows an Ulcer of the Bladder more painful but less cureable than the Stone it self which inconveniences have caused it not to be reckoned among other Operations by true Practisers CHAP. XXVII Of the Hare-Lip THe fourth and last Part of Chirurgery call'd Anaplerosis which restores what is deficient is chiefly used when any part of the Nose Lip or Ear is wanting whether it be from the Birth or from an External Cause As to the Lip in a little defect let it be first separated from the Gums then let the edges be scarified and joined together with a Needle laying over it an aglutinating Plaister and so in a short time the Cure will be performed In a greater Defect let the Lip be seperated from the Gums then put a Linnen Cloth between and let the Extremities be brought together by Bandage after some few days convenient Scarification being made by the help of a Stitch and Plaisters let the ends be united The Nose and Ears being depriv'd of any part after what manner they are cured Taliacotius in a particular Treatise hath largely
Simple and Compound Basilicon the Plaisters of Diachylon of Mussilages and Melilot Take Onions roasted in Embers three ounces Figs No. x. beat them together adding of Ointment of Basilicon six drams Ducks-Grease an ounce Virgins-Honey and the Meal of Linseed of each as much as is sufficient to make it into a Cataplasm Or Take the Roots of White-Lillies Marsh-Mallows of each an ounce ane half Leaves of Mallows Cows-Parsnips of each an handful Figs No. viij Raisins six drams Meal of Marsh-Mallow-Roots or of Wheat two ounces Venice-Sope three drams being boil'd and strain'd add to them of Hogs-grease on ounce Oyl of Camomil two ounces Mix them according to Art and make a Cataplasm 4. Indication respects the Symptoms which if not removed hinder the Cure the chief of which are 1. A Fever The chief of which concerns a Physician except it be removed by Bleeding 2. Hardness whose Cure look for in the Chapter of Schirrhus 3. A Gangrene Which is treated of in a particular Chapter 4. Pain Which we do remove by the following Medicines Anodines Marsh-Mallows Dill Mallows Camomil Henbane Tobacco Lin-seed Seed of Poppy Fenugreek Sperma Ceti Cream White of Eggs Oil of White-Lillies Linseed Ointment of Populeon fat of Hogs Hens and Mans Opium The great Vertues of the following Poultice I have not seldom experimented Take Flowers of Dill Camomil of each a handful Elder a handful and half Linseed-Meal four ounces Oil of Dill White-Lillies of each half an ounce Boil them in Milk to the consistence of a Poultice CHAP. III. Erysipelas ERysipelas is a Tumor besides Nature from Choler thrown forth for the most part only into the Skin it self sometimes on the subjacent Muscles causing Pain Heat and other Symptoms Difference 'T is perfect when sprung from Choler alone as it is imperfect when Blood Phlegm or Melancholy is mixt with it from whose Appellation it likewise takes its name and is called Erysipelas Phlegmonodes Oedematodes Scirrhodes sometimes an Ulcer is joined with it which sometimes consumes only the Skin other times the Flesh it self Cause is Choler seldom alone sometimes mixt with Phlegm and Melancholy but oftentimes with Blood or Serum whence those Medicines that are proper for a Phlegmon oftentimes do good in an Erysipelas Signs Great heat sharp pain Redness mixt with Yellowness easily giving way to the touch but as suddenly returning the Swelling and Extention of the part little and the Pulsation lesser which last gave occasion to Authors of questioning whether an Erysipelas ought to be reckoned amongst Tumors It is accompanied always with a Fever except from an External Cause Prognosticks An Erysipelas is seldom dangerous except the Matter be repell'd from the External parts to the Internal yet more dangerous when it seizeth on the Noble Parts and Jaws and when a Wound Fracture Dislocation or Putrefaction are join'd with it Cure What concerns Diet here is first and chiefly to be considered Air Meat and Drink must be cooling all sharp hot fat and sweet things hurt as likewise do too great Motion of the Body Watchings Costiveness Venery and Anger Purging is very necessary therefore those Medicines described in the third Chapter of the first Part are here convenient A perfect Erysipelas admits not of Bleeding for the fatness of the Blood bridles the sharpness of the Choler But if the Fever be vehement the Flux great and any Blood which for the most part happens be mingled with the Choler 't is convenient to bleed especially in Plethorick Bodies In delicate and weak Bodies Cupping-Glasses with Scarification or Leeches if things should require will serve These being thus done to provoke Sweat is the best of all other Remedies Outwardly to the affected part ought not to be applied 1. Oyl or any fat thing as those things which yield matter to the Choler easily increase Putrefaction But if yet it is your pleasure to use them they must be tempered by mixing them with other Medicines 2. Repellents except the Erysipelas be very little the Part affected remote from the Noble Part and the Humors be yet flowing and then they ought not to be used without Resolvents mixt with them The Cataplasms described in the foregoing Chapter may for the most part be applied here with success The Plaister of Diapalma dissolved in Vinegar is in dayly use the leaves of Tobacco Colewort and Henbane applied to the part affected strongly draw forth the heat There are those which use Sheeps dung boiled in Wine-Vinegar as also the Flowers of Camomil Mellilot and Elders boyl'd in new Milk Chalk powdred put upon the Part laying Cap-paper over it quickly and safely Cures The following Fomentations I have experienced to be of great Virtue Take Red Myrrhe powdred two drams Saccarum Saturni one dram Camphire a Scruple Opium 25 grains White-Wine six ounces Let Linnen Clothes be dipt in it and applyed warm to the Part often renewing them when dryed or cold Another Take the white Troches of Rhasis one dram Camphire one Scruple Spirit of Wine an ounce Elder-water six ounces Mingle and apply it as before Fumes of Mastick and Frankincense may likewise be used five or six times a day especially if the Erysipelas be in the Face When an Ulcer accompanies it Take the white Troches of Rhasis two drams Red Mirrhe Litharge of Gold of each a dram Flower of Brimstone half a dram Sarcocol two Scruples whites of Eggs as much as is sufficient to make it into a Linament CHAP. IV. Of Oedema OEdema is a Tumor beside Nature arising from Pituitous Matter white soft without pain oftner caused by Congestion than by Fluxion Difference It is perfect when it proceeds only from Phlegm Imperfect when mixt with other Humors Thus Oedema Phegmonodes Erysipelatodes Schirrhodes Cause is Phlegm sometimes alone sometimes confused with other Humors for the most part it is produced from the ill disposition of the Limphaeducts Signs are Whiteness Softness yielding to the Fingers little Pain and less Pulsation Prognosticks If an Oedema degenerate into a Scirrhus or Abscess it is hard of Cure It is dangerous if a Consumption or Dropsie accompany it it oftner happens in old People Phlegmatick bodies in the Winter time and in all those who with immoderate eating and drinking continually debilitate the natural heat Cure This as the precedent Tumors requires a good Diet Meat and Drink as also the Air must be moderately hot and dry Rosted Meat is better than Boiled Fruit Cheese and Fish hurt as also too great a quantity of Meat and Drink Wine either of it self or altered with hot Herbs is good moderate Exercises of the body before Meals is as profitable as much Sleep especially diurnal is prejudicial Costiveness Rest and Sadness are Noxious Bleeding is altogether here unprofitable and very seldom used but Sweating and Purging very necessary sometimes Vomiting Always regard must be had to the Stomach To the Tumor it self In the beginning we apply Repelling Medicines mixt with Discussives but so that the
again but if great not so easily yielding to the touch not so strong a Pulsation but there is a noise observed as of boiling Water yet in the Head and Jaw I have found after death an Aneurism which while the man was alive there could be no Pulse perceived In the hard parts is greater Circumspection to be used than in the soft and fleshy Prognosticks It is difficultly cured if great not at all except with the taking off the Member for the most part it is a long Disease although I have seen it kill without any other accidental Cause within two years If Incision be made Death suddenly follows Cure In the beginning there may be some Hopes Astringents and Repellents and convenient Ligatures by which we do not seldom administer something of Remedy to the Patient as also the applying a piece of Lead straightly bound on have sometimes cured little Aneurisms But where the Tumor is encreased there are some would have the Skin divided and the Artery tied both above and below and cut out the middle with the Tumor and loosen not the Ligatures till the Wound is perfectly cured and there is no fear of an Hemorrage but this Operation is dangerous painful and troublesome and oft-times of little Benefit But to preserve Life I would take off the Member CHAP. XVII Of Opthalmia OPthalmia is an Inflammation of the Membranes of the Eye from Blood with Redness Pain and shedding of Tears Difference A light Inflammation and which depends from external Causes is called a Bastard Opthalmia Taraxis or Epiphora but a great Inflammation accompanied with pain and tears a true Opthalmia And if it be so great that the Eye-lids are so inflamed and as it were turned inward 't is called Chemosis Causes are two 1. Internal as Blood oft-times mixt with Serum or Choler seldom with Phlegm or Melancholy 2. External as Smoak Dust c. Signs vary according to the variety of Causes If it proceed from too great a quantity of Blood the Face looks red and the Vessels of the Eyes are extended If either from more of Serum or Choler the Redness of the Face is less but the Tears are more sharp and the pain greater if from more of Phlegm the reddish pain Heat and Acrimony of Tears are more remiss and the Eye-lids at night are as it were glewed together If from any thing of Melancholy there are but few Tears and the Eye-lids are not closed together the Inflammation is not great but stubborn Prognosticks An Opthalmia is flower cured in Children than in old people Continual pain menaceth Blindness by how much greater the Inflammation is so much the more dangerous it is Cure The Diet must be the same as in a Phlegmon all sharp things are carefully to be avoided as Garlick Radishes Mustard c. little or no Suppers profit Purging the use of Glisters Bleeding ought to be oft-times re-iterated as also Cupping-Glasses Leeches Blisters sometimes also Seatons Issues and Artereotomy it self which is not to be done by any but an expert Chirurgeon Sneezing is hurtful Provoking of Sweat is sometimes necessary sometimes not which the Physician must distinguish Dieureticks are of great use provided they are not too hot External Remedies vary according to the variety of Causes if from Smoke or Fire let them be extinguished If from Dust or any thing got into the Eyes 't is to be taken forth which is often performed by blowing or by the spurting in of Rose-water If from the inversion of the Eye-lids the Hairs are to be cut off or wholly to be pull'd out If the Eye-lids are glew'd together they are to be separated with Butter Beer or Cream the Rheum is gently to be wiped and let the Patient have a Care lest by the rubbing of his Eyes he increaseth his Disease Fat things are here hurtful Repellent Medicines except in the very beginning are not to be used or in a very slight Opthalmia Medicines good for the Eyes Roots of Valerian Solomons-Seal Orrise Vervain Herbs Betony Celandine the great Eyebright Fennel Fumitory Plantain Flowers of Roses Violets Anni-seeds Quince-seeds Linseeds Pippins boil'd or rotten Camphire Mussilage of Lin-seeds Tragacanth Fresh Veal Whites of Eggs all sorts of Milk especially Womans Tutty white and green Vitriol Saccharum Saturni Glass of Antimony White Troches of Rhasis fresh Cheese not salted Ung. Saturni A Water for the Eyes Take Waters of Eyebright and Celandine the greater of each an ounce and half White-wine six drams Glass of Antimony eight grains prepared Tutty fifteen grains White-Vitriol two grains Sugar-Candy two drams Camphire four grains Make it into a Collirium Another excellent one Take Wheat three handfuls Bruised Ginger three drams Common Salt a handful and half White-wine Water of Roses of Fennel Plantain of each ten ounces Infuse them in a Copper Vessel the space of forty days strain them and reserve the Liquor for your use Another very much esteemed Take a whole Egg boil it hard then the shell and Yolk being taking away put into the Cavity Sugar of Saturn six grains Camphire two grains White-Vitriol three Grains Honey of Roses half an ounce then press it very hard and let the prest out Liquor be dropt into the Eyes twice or thrice a day Another second to none Take Waters of Fennel and Eyebright of each a pint Common Salt six drams prepared Tutty white Vitriol of each half an ounce Let them boil a little and reserve for use Let not the great quantity of Vitriol afright any it causeth only a slight pain which suddenly vanisheth but 't is of so great virtue that it cannot sufficiently be extoll'd but its use will prove it true A Powder for the Eyes Take Dulcified Vitriol half a dram prepar'd Tutty fifteen grains Sugar-candy a scruple Make it into a fine Powder Unctious Medicines seldom are applied to the Eyes or else this Ointment is much commended Take Verdigrease twelve grains Camphire Lapis Calaminaris of each half an ounce prepared Tutty half a dram fresh-Butter washed in Rose-water two ounces Make it into an Ointment An Anodine Cataplasm Take Camomile and Melilot Flowers of each a pugil rotten Apples two ounces Fenugreek-seed an ounce Crums of Brown Bread three ounces two yolks of Eggs Saffron half a dram Boil them in Cows-milk to the consistence of a Poultice An Anodine Collirium Take the Juice of Housleek two drams Whites of Eggs half an ounce Womens-Milk two ounces Rose-water an ounce white Troches of Rhasis one scruple Opium three grains Mix them Another which I have often found excellent in the greatest pain Take Gum Tragacanth two drams Mussilage of the seeds of Fleawort three drams Rose-water and Plantain-water of each as much as sufficeth Make it into a Collyrium of an indifferent Consistence and let it be instilled by drops into the Eyes and Linnen-Cloaths wet in it outwardly applied CHAP. XVIII Of a Quinsie A Quinsie is a Tumor of the Jaws from Blood hindring Deglutition and
Respiration Difference 'T is divided into three species the first is called Cynanthe when the Muscles of the Larinx are inflamed the Symptoms here are very dangerous although neither internally nor externally appear any Tumor the Patient puts forth his Tongue like a tired Dog to fetch his breath Second is Synanche when the Tumor shews it self within the Jaws the Symptoms are likewise here great but much less than in Cynanthe Third is Parasynanche when the Tumor appears more Externally than Internally and in this the Symptomes are least of all Cause is Blood for the most part mixt with Serum or Choler seldom with Phlegm or Melancholy Signs of an approaching Quinsie are a stiffness of the Neck swallowing and breathing somewhat hindred an unusual heat and pain in the Jaws especially when Quinsies are Epidemick Signs of a present are a suffocating Asthma swallowing hindred which often increaseth to so great a heighth that Drink taken in at the Mouth comes forth again through the Nostrils Pain Redness Tumor for the most part also a continual Fever the Tongue likewise swell'd and the Voice altered Prognostick A perfect Quinsie never wants danger but sometimes suffocates the Patient the first day generally before the fourth If the Matter be not suddenly concocted and thrown forth it is desperate if the Vertebraes be laxated death is near at hand foaming at mouth is a sign of present death if the Patient be taken with a pain of the Head a Delirium raving and death it self suddenly follows Cure Bleeding in this case effects much both by taking away of the Inflammation and by hindering its increase which is to be performed at first sight therefore let the Median or Cephalick Vein of the side most affected be opened though in Women with Child then the Vein under the Tongue Cupping Glasses with Scarification may also be applied to the Neck about the second Verrebra Shoulders and Breast Leeches Cauteries and Blisters do much good especially in them that are Subject to Quinsie In the mean time if the Patient can swallow let some purging Medicines be given him if not let a Clister be cast in with Bleeding which must be often reiterated as occasion requires Gargarisms then and other External Medicines are to be used which in the beginning are to be more Repelling afterwards more Discussing for Experience and best Authors have taught 1. Repellents never are to be used alone except in the beginning and in a light Quinsie 2. That Repellents ought always to be mixt with Resolvents for Repellents destroy the heat of the Part Resolvents cause Fluxion Medicines in a Quinsie Roots of Marsh-mallows Liquoras Herbs Comfrey Myrtle Prunella Dandelion Scabious Plantain Housleek the greater Sage Alehoof Violets Flowers of Balaustians Red Roses Saffron the four cold Seeds Poppy the Rinds and Juice of Pomegranates Figs Album Graecum Burnt-Swallows Burnt-Allom Swallows Nests Syrups of Maidenhair Violets Purslane Jujubies Scabious Lungwort Honey of Roses Rob. Diamori A Repellent Gargarism Take Flowers of Red-Roses Balaustians of each two pugils Pomegranate-Rinds half an ounce Oak-leaves a handful Burnt-Allom half a dram Boil them in Smith's Water and add to a pint of the Liquor two ounces of Rob. Diamori Mix them Another very convenient in the beginning of the Disease Take leaves of Dandelion two handfuls Alehoof Violets of each half an handful boil them in Barley-water and to a point of the strained Liquor add of common Honey of Roses and strained of each an ounce and half Spirit of Vitriol 15 drops Mix them A Repellent and somewhat Discussive Gargarism Take Liquoras Pomegranate-Rinds of each two drams Balaustia Flowers a pugil Jujubies No. xij Figs No. iij. Raisins six drams boil them in Barley-water To a pint of the Decoction add of common and strained Honey of Roses Syrup of Maiden-hair of each an ounce Mix them A Gargarism greatly Repelling but strongly Discussing Take the Roots of Dwarf Elder Orrise of each two drams Flowers of Camomil a pugil Red-Roses Hysop of each two pugils Dates No. iij. Figs No. vj. Fenugreek-seeds two drams Album Graecum one dram Boil them in Turnep-Broth Add to it Syrup of Maiden-hair and Jujubies of each an ounce Mix them If the pain be very great boil them in new Milk chiefly in Goats External Medecines for a Quinsie Oyl of Nuts White-Lillies Almonds Camomile Dill Capons-grease Hoggs-grease Ointment of Marsh-mallows Plaister of Musilages Dogs and Pigeons-Dung Swallows-Nests Take Roots of Marsh-Mallows White-Lillies of each an ounce one Swallows Nest Figs Dates of each No. iij. Album Graecum half an ounce Boil'd Onions half an ounce Boil them in Barley-water and to a point of the strained Liquor add of Wheat-meal and the Powder of Lin-seed of each an ounce Fenugreek and Marsh-mallows powdered of each two ounces and a half Yolks of two Eggs Eastern Saffron two drams Oyl of Camomile two ounces and a half Make it into a Cataplasm Take Juice of Onions two ounces Oyl of white-Lillies Orise of each an ounce and half boil them a little adding to them of Swallows-Nest a dram Pitch and Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister But if the Tumor tends to Suppuration 't is to be forwarded and then to be opened either by Medicines or Launcet A Suppurating Cataplasm Take Roots of Briony white-Lillies Orrise of each three drams Leaves of Pellitory of the Wall a handful Camomile-Flowers half a handful Onions an ounce Figs No. xij Boil them and bruise them adding of the Powder of Fenugreek-seed and Lin-seed of each two ounces Hens grease an ounce Oyl of Camomile two ounces Mix them A Suppurating Gargarism Take Roots of white-Lillies and Liquoras of each three drams Onions half an ounce Raisins stoned an ounce Figs No. vj. Lin-seed and Fenugreek of each two drams Leaves of Mallows and Coleworts of each half a handful boil them in Barley-water and to a pint of the strained Liquor add of Syrup of Maiden-hair two ounces Mix them And to make the Abscess break add to this Gargarism Take Mustard-seed two drams Roots of Pollitory of Spain powdered one dram Saffron a scruple Oximel simple an ounce Mix them But if it doth not forthwith break by these Medicines 't is to be opened by a Launcet or some other Instrument afterwards using Emollient Gargarismes and somewhat abstersive The end of the first Book of the second Part. BARBETTY'S CHIRURGERY The Second Book of the Second Part Of CHIRURGERY Of Wounds CHAP. I. Of the Nature Differences Causes and Signs of Wounds A Wound is a Solution of continuity in the soft parts of the Body from a hard Instrument causing an Abolition or Immination of Action Differences are taken 1. From the Form some are long others oblique some are little others great some are deep others superficial 2. From the wounded Part as the Head Lungs Heart Stomach Liver Spleen Guts Nerve Tendon Vein or Muscle sometimes the Skin is only penetrated then 't is a simple Wound sometimes a Part
of the Flesh is taken away and then 't is call'd a compound or hollow Wound 3. From the Causes which shall presently be set down sometimes a wound happens to be poisoned and to have many Symptoms joined with it Causes are five-fold viz. 1. All things that cut as a Knife Sword Glass 2. Al things that prick as Needles Arrows Teeth 3. Which perforate as hot Iron Bullets 4. Which break as a Fall Stroke or the carrying or lifting of any great Burdens 5. All things which contuse as a Stone Stick c. Signs External Wounds are of themselves manifest enough but those of the Internal parts are not always so easily judged of these therefore are to be known by Anatomy 1. What is the situation of each part 2. What the use 3. The Symptoms are to be considered 4. The Quality of those things are to be noted that Nature ejected through the Wound The other Signs you shall have in their proper places Prognosticks To know the Events of Wounds especially to predict which are Mortal which not is a thing absolutely necessary for a Surgeon For from this judgment oft-times depends the Life of unfortunate Man A mortal Wound is that which in the space of few hours or days of necessity causes Death and cannot by any Art be cured For those that in themselves are curable yet by reason of ill Symptoms or through the neglect either of the Patient or Chirurgeon do occasion Death ought not to be accounted mortal Wounds Incurable Wounds themselves are not to be call'd Mortal if they are not the cause of Death suddenly to the Patient but that he not only lives many weeks but oftentimes many years after 1. Among the Wounds that are Mortal are to be accounted the Wounds of the Brain but not all of them for Experience hath taught us that part of the Brain hath been taken forth and the Life preserved though the Understanding lost Therefore those Wounds of the Brain that be absolutely mortal are 1. When besides the Brains a Nerve is also wounded 2. When Blood or some other Humor obstructs the beginning of the Nerves 3. When after a few days the concrete and putrified Blood produceth a Fever Delirium and Death it self By concreted Blood I understand not that which lies between the Dura-Mater and the Skull for that is to be taken forth by the Trepan and the Patient this way may be preserved but that which is included between the Dura and Pia-Mater or between the Pia and the Brain Although sometimes that which is detained between both Membranes by the dividing of the Dura may be taken forth and so the Patient preserved 2. The Wounds of the Spinal Marrow are also mortal which happens in the Neck or nearer to the Head but those which happen lower as about the Os Sacrum are of lesser danger 3. The Wounds of the Lungs are mortal if great and deep where the great Vessels or the Branches of the Aspera Arteria are hurt Where the Vessels are divided there follows a great effusion of Blood where the Branches of the Aspera Arteria the Breath comes forth more through the Wound than the Mouth 4. Wounds of the heart are always mortal for though one or two wounded in the heart have lived two three or four days it was never found yet that ever any escaped 5. The Wound of the Wind-pipe may be cured if the Membranes only behind to which the Cartilaginous Rings are join'd be hurt but if the Rings themselves are wounded there 's no cure to be expected yet sometimes those wounds being a lingering Death so that I have seen on so wounded live Eighteen weeks before he died 6. Wounds of the Diaphragma those that are inflicted in the fleshy Part of it are curable but those that are in the Nervous Part though these always occasion not sudden Death yet 't is impossible ever to cure them 7. Wounds of the Stomach are sometimes cured those chiefly being mortal that happen in the upper Orifice or in Nerves that are distributed over the Stomach 8. The Wounds of the Small Guts are seldom cured but the Wounds of the Great Guts much oftner especially if they are not great 9. Wounds of the Liver and Spleen are mortal where the Vessels themselves are wounded where not they may be cured 10. Wounds of the Kidneys are not mortal if the Wound penetrate into the Cavity it self for the most part an Ulcer follows which consumes the whole Kidney yet the Patient may continue many years If the Parachyma only be wounded sometimes through difficulty it may be cured 11. Wounds of the Bladder are seldom so perfectly cured but that for the most part there remains a Fistula but those that are made at the neck of the bladder are daily cured 12. Wounds of the great Veins and Arteries are often mortal but every Surgeon understands not rightly to bind up such Wounds therefore the cause of death is not always to be cast upon the guilty 13. Wounds of the great Nerves are for the most part incurable and sometimes mortal 14. Wounds from poisoned Instruments or Creatures generally are mortal Wounds of Nerves Veins Tendons and Membranes are more difficultly and longer of Cure than those of the fleshy parts A Wound from a pricking Instrument is of less danger than from a bruising A Nerve Vein or Artery if wholly divided are less dangerous than if they were but in part A great Inflamation coming upon a great Wound is of no great danger except it continue too long but a great Inflamation falling upon a little Wound is an ill sign The Inflamation for the most part vanisheth by the fifth day therefore if the Wound then appear white livid or black 't is not void of danger A Fever Vomiting and Convulsion are dangerous but a Fever and Vomiting of less danger than a Convulsion CHAP. II. Of the Cure of Wounds in general HEre are required four Intentions 1. To preserve the strength and native heat of the wounded Part. 2. To remove the Symptoms 3. To endeavour that nothing remains or be left behind in the Wound 4. That the gaping Lips of the Wound be joined together and being so joined be kept CHAP. III. Of the preservation of the strength and Native heat in the wounded Part. CHirurgery removes the impediments of Cure but Nature her self cures the Disease which it will scarce effect where the Native heat is weak or the Blood vitiated or where it flows in too great or too little quantity to the Wound in flowing in too great quantity it produceth an Inflammation Pain Putrefaction and many other Symptoms where in too little quantity the Wound is robbed of its Natural Balsam necessary to consolidate it The natural strength and native heat is preserved by a convenient Diet fitted to the temperament of Mans body in general and in particular to the Part affected Of the Diet of the Sanguine Cholerick Phlegmatick and Melancholick we have treated of before
when we spoke concerning a Phlegmon Erysipelas Oedema Schirrhus Then Care is to be had of the Blood seeing it affords assistance to the matter and serves to unite the Wound Where it is vitiated it requires purging But if it flow in too great quantity Intercipients Repellents Revellents and Derivation must be us'd If it flow in too small quantity Aliments that nourish are convenient as also Medicines that strengthen and that move Sweat Outwardly gentle Frictions and Embrocations moderately hot Then the Cure is to be perfected by External Medicines which shall be declared in the following Chapter when we speak of the removal of the Symptoms and the Cure of Wounds themselves CHAP. IV. Of the Symptoms of Wounds THe chief Symptoms of Wounds are 1. A Fever whose Cure we commend to the Physitian ' 2. A Flegmon or Inflamation 3. An Erysipelas Of the Cure of both which look in the second and third Chapter of the first Book 4. Hemorage which not only impedes the Cure but also deprives of strength and life it self therefore great Care is to be taken that it be stopped as soon as possible which in the greater Vessels especially the Arteries is very hard to do therefore those Wounds are for the most part Mortal For Medicines that stop Blood are too weak and hard Ligatures occasion a Gangrene the surest way therefore in my opinion is an actual Cautery the lesser Vessels may and will close Some close the Wound of the Vessels with their Fingers and so hold them there while the Blood is coagulated and the Flux stopt but this Operation seldom succeeds besides the long holding of the Finger in the Wound is hurtful Therefore let the Wound together with the Vessels be forthwith clos'd by the Fingers but if you cannot come to do this outwardly make a compress upon the Vessel which done wipe away the Blood with a Spunge then sprinkle some restringent Powder but not over the whole Wound which is used to be done by the ignorant but only upon the Vessels then bind up the Wound continuing the use of the Medicines stopping Bleeding while there appears no longer any Blood not neglecting in the mean time Generals viz. Scarification and Bleeding c. Medicines that stop a Flux of Blood Roots of Bistort Cinquefoil Tormentil Comfrey the greater Red Saunders Lignum Leutisci Pomegranate-rinds Mastick Talk Acacia dragons-Dragons-Blood Amber Sarcocols Frankincense the hairs of a Hare Os sepiae burnt-Crabs Whites of Eggs Mummy Cobwebs red Coral Chalk Bloodstone Bole-Armenick Aloes succotrine Frogs dried and powdered crude Vitriol burnt Vitriol Take fine Meal three ounces Dragons-Blood Frankincense of each an ounce and half Bole Sealed Earth of each two drams Talk six drams dried Frogs an ounce Hares hair cut very small a dram and a half Whites of Eggs dried in the Sun and powdered half an ounce New Spunges torrified an ounce white Vitriol a dram Mix them and make them into a fine Powder 5. Pain which must of necessity be eased because it creates watchings and dejects the Spirits and is cause of the Flux of Humors to the Party affected and of Inflamation Fever and Gangrene but the Causes are diligently to be considered For if either Medicines that are sharp or too hot occasion it they are presently to be altered 'T is better to confess the Error than pertinaciously to persevere in it If any foreign Body remains in the Wound it must be drawn forth If pain comes from the choaking in of the Matter you must allow it a free passage If an Inflamation be the cause of it its Remedies are set down in the second Chapter of the first Book You must apply to the Wound those things which ease pain and are anodine as Oyl of Roses Linseed Camomile Worms sweet Almonds Poppies c. Take Oyl of Roses of Poppy-seeds of Camomile of each an ounce the White of an Egg Saffron a scruple Mix them But if the pain cease not with these or the like Medicines it is a sign that some Nerve is wounded or affected by consent The Cure shall be set down in the following 6. Convulsion or Spasm this shews the Malignity of the Humor or the ill constitution of the Nerves neither of them promising any good Here must be used both Internal and External Medicines appropriated to the Disease the Internal by reason of the diversity of causes we commend to the Physitian External Medicines for a Convulsion Balsam of Peru the fat of Geese Castor Foxes Rams Mans Horse-dung Oyls of Juniper Lavender Ol. Philosophorum Amber Turpentine Rue Marjoram Worms Castor Orise Bays Petraeleum Ointments of Agrippa Martiatum Ung. Nervorum Spirit of Wine Take Oyl of Snails Worms Sesamin of each an ounce of the Grease of Rams and Foxes of each half an ounce fresh Butter six drams Spirit of Wine three ounces Let them boil till the Spirit be consumed then add Oyl of Spike distilled Rosemary Amber of each two drams Mix it into an Ointment Against a Convulsion there cannot a better Remedy be invented than distill'd Oyl of Lavender some few drops being given in some convenient Liquor and anointing well the convulsed part 7. Hypersarcosis or too great increase of flesh which if it happens from abundance of Blood the flesh is solid and otherwise well conditioned but if from the too weak quality of drying Medicines it is spungy of the same nature as when the Bone underneath is rotten In the former Case Bleeding is convenient and sometimes fasting and the use of strong drying Medicines In the latter the Medicines must be very strongly drying that are applied Detersive and Corroding Remedies are here good Medicines against too great increase of Flesh Burnt-Spunges Burnt-Allom Galls Aloes the Bark of Frankincense Tutty Verdigrease burnt Vitriol Praecipitate Arsenick A Green Corrosive Water Take crude Allom Verdigrease of each two drams boil them in eighteen ounces of white-Wine to a wasting of the fourth part strain them and add Camphire a dram Mix them A Powder very drying and somewhat corroding Take Galls Balaustions burnt-Allom Frankincense Myrrhe of each a dram Dragons-Blood Ceruse Verdigrease of each half a dram Make it into a Powder 8. A Gangrene and Sphacelus concerning which look in the fourteenth Chapter of the first Book of the second Part of Chirurgery CHAP. V. Of the drawing forth Extraneous Bodies out of the Wound NO Wound ought to be joined together as long as any Extraneous Body remains in it for otherwise after some little time it will break out into an Ulcer The Blood by which Nature unites the divided Parts if it flow in great quantity to the wounded Part and there coagulates 't is to be removed by Expression sucking it out or by any other way for so there will be less Matter generated and the Symptoms fewer but where an Haemorage is feared all the Blood is not to be cleansed away Where Hairs are about the Wound they are to be removed If Sand or any such like thing remain
within the Lips of the Wound they are to be washed away with warm Wine Broken-Bones if loose are to be taken away the first dressing except an Haemorage hinder but if they yet stick to the other Bones then Natures endeavours are to be expected and see whether they will be united again to the other Bone or separated from it If a piece of Glass Thorn Arrow or Bullet or any like thing remains in the Wound 't is forthwith to be taken forth but before the Chirurgeon goes about to draw them forth let him consider well whether the Patient that Extraneous Body being extracted can live or not lest the Chirurgeon be thought to have occasioned the Patients death Of the manner of Extracting Bullets we have treated before and Arrows are to be drawn forth almost after the same manner but they are not in use at this day among Christian Soldiers But if neither with the Hand nor Instruments what remains in the wound can be drawn forth then you must endeavour it with Medicines indeed with an extractive quality Medicines drawing forth Thorns Bones Bullets c. Roots of Aron Birthwort Bastard Dittany Masterwort Polypody Radishes Valerian Herbs Southernwood Pimpernel Anemone Red-Beet Ditany Gums Ammoniacum Galbanum Sagapenum Succinum Pitch the Brains and Grease of Hares Crabs a live Mouse cut in two Common Flies Earth-worms Burnt Frogs Goose-dung Load-stone Leaven Plaister of Opodeldoch Take Roots of round Birthwort Ditany of Crete of each a dram and an half Rosin of the Pine Colophony of each six drams yellow Amber three drams Gum Ammoniacum Appoponax of each an ounce Pigeons dung three drams Oyl of Bays half an ounce Turpentine and Pitch as much as to make it into a Plaister CHAP. VI. Of the manner of joining the Lips of Wounds together THe Lips of the Wound are joined together either by Ligature or Stitching Ligature is convenient in Wounds made according to the length of the Member and not deep let the Bandage be neither too hard nor too loose and of that breadth that it may take in the whole Wound If it be a long Wound the Rowler must be three Fingers broad and laying the midst of it upon the Wound rowl one part upward and the other downward which must neither be too loose for then it will not keep the Lips of the Wound together nor too straight lest it cause an Inflamation In the Winter the Rowlers must be of greater length than in the Summer In great Wounds besides Rowlers the Surgeon stands in need of Boulsters Stitching is performed either by Needle or sticking Medicines It is requisite that the Chirurgeon never be without a Needle for by it he frees his Patient from Pain the Wound from Inflamation and himself from many inconveniences and the Wound so requiring it let him take a three-pointed Needle with a waxed Thred which let him pass through the Skin and sometimes also through the subjacent Flesh taking Care that the Tendons be not prickt and also that the Stitches be not too few nor too many but keeping such distance between each that the Skin may be drawn together and the edges themselves joyned leaving a little part for the putting in of a Tent that may give passage to the superfluous Matter These Tents are not necessary in little Wounds and in great they must neither touch the Nerve or Tendon nor reach to the bottom of the Wound Where Ligature is not sufficient and a Stitch with a Needle not convenient the sticking Plaister is very necessary for so firmly doth this Plaister adhere to the Wound that neither the matter flowing out of the Wound nor the Blood nor any other moisture loosens it Oftentimes in this case is used the Stiptick Plaister of Crollius or Paracelsus but this sticks more firmly Take Sarcocols Bole Mastick Dragons-blood Rosin of the Pine of each a dram Gum-Tacamahack a dram and an half Naval-pitch as much as sufficeth Make it into a Plaister CHAP. VII Of Medicines necessary for the Curing of Wounds MEdicines necessary for the Cure of Wounds are of three sorts 1. Digestives or moving matter 2. Sarcoticks or generating Flesh 3. Epuloticks or inducing a Cicatrice Experience hath taught that a Wound may be cured oftentimes only by Digestive or Sarcotick Medicines but this is better and more certain when they are both mixt together In the Fleshy Parts Digestives may alone serve but in Tendinous Nervous Membranous or other drier Parts Sarcoticks are convenient either alone or mixt with Digestives Digestives Common Oyl Oyl of Roses Mastick fresh Butter and May-Butter Gum-Elemny Turpentine Frankincense Mastick the Flower of Wheat Barley Fenugreek Yolks of Eggs Honey Take Oyl of Olives two ounces yellow Wax half an ounce Frankincense Mastick of each a dram the yolk of an Egg fresh Butter as much as is sufficient Make it into an Ointment Sarcoticks Roots of Birthwort Orrise Sanicle Comfrey the greater Herbs Betony Centaury Comfrey St. John's-wort Pimpernel Plantain Scabious Scordium Vervain of Seeds Beans Fenugreek Linseed Barley Frankincense Aloes Bole sealed Earth Colophony Gums of Elemny Pine Laudanum Mastick Myrrhe dragons-Dragons-Blood Sarcocols Turpentine Tragacanth Wax Honey Mummy Cadmia Ceruse Lapis Calaminaris Litharge Burnt-Lead Phomholix Lapis Haematitis Oyls of St. John's wort Bays Mastick Myrrhe Ointment Aureum Basilicum Fuscum of Felix Wurtz Diapompholigos Plaisters Stipticum of Crollius and Paracelsus Oppodeldoch of Betony Diasulphuris of Rulandus Balsoms of Peru of Crollius of Magatus Aqua vitae the fat of Geese Foxes Bears Goats Mans. An Excellent Vulnerary Balsom Take Turpentine half a pound Gum Galbanum Elemny Ivy Frankincense Mastick Myrrhe of each an ounce Aloes Xylo aloes Galangal Cloves Cinamon Nutmegs Cubebs of each half an ounce Infuse them four and twenty hours in a sufficient quantity of Spirit of Wine distil them and preserve the Oyl for your use Another Take Oyl of Violets eight ounces of Bays an ounce Oyl of Venice-Turpentine half an ounce of Spike distill'd of Junipers Verdigreace of each a dram Rosin of the Pine Turpentine Colophony Mastick of each half an ounce white Calcanthum a dram and half Boil them a little then strain them for your use Another Take Flower of Brimstone three ounces Mirtle three drams Camphire one dram Venice-Turpentine five ounces distil them and preserve the Oyl for your use A Vulnerary Plaister Take the Roots of round Birthwort and Comfrey the greater of each half an ounce Mummy Colophony Aloes Mastick Dragons blood Litharge of Gold Tutia of each two drams Gum Elemny two ounces Turpentine as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister Another most excellent both in old and new Wounds Take Gum Galbanum ten drams Ammoniacum three ounces and an half Oppoponax an ounce Bdellium three ounces Yellow Wax twenty ounces Olibanum three ounces Litharge of Gold a pound Myrrhe ten drams Verdigreace Mastick Roots of long Birthwort of each an ounce Loadstone two ounces prepared Tutia Lapis Calaminaris of each two drams old Oyl of Olive a
Amber Mastick of each a dram Turpentine half an ounce Euphorbium a dram Ung. Aegyptiacum half an ounce yolks of one Egg Oyl of Elders as much as is sufficient Saffron a scruple Make it into an Ointment Another more excellent than the former and which likewise resists Putrefaction Take Tar Turpentine Galbanum of each two ounces Mastick Frankincense Nitre Sal Armoniack of each an ounce Allom half a dram Verdigrease white Vitriol Camphire Powder of Worms of each a dram Oyl of Lin seed Roses of each two ounces Oyl of Worms and Turpentine of each a dram Molax them with a gentle Fire and make them into an Ointment If the Nerve hinder not in a great putrefaction there may be added some Precipitated Mercury An Anodine Plaister Take Bean-meal Crums of brown-Bread of each two drams let them be put in Milk adding to them Oyl of Roses Violets of each an ounce Yolks of Eggs No. iij. Powder of Red Roses Scordium of each an ounce and half Wax as much as sufficeth Make it into a Plaister An Anodine Cataplasm Take Roots of Marshmallows Comfrey the greater of each an ounce Flowers of Camomil Melilot St. John's wort of each half a handful Tops of Wormwood two pugils boil them in Milk adding to them of the Meal of Marshmallow-roots and Beans of each an ounce and an half Make it into a Poultice If the Wound be quite through a Tent must be put into both Orifices for a Flamula is inconvenient and hurtful At first dressing it once a day is sufficient for in Wounds made by Gun-shot there seldom appears any Matter before the third or fourth day after this the quantity or acrimony of the Matter will guide you best whether it is to be drest once twice or thrice a day CHAP. X. Of Poysoned Wounds POysoned Wounds are made sometimes by Bullets Arrows Swords and other Instruments sometimes by mad Beasts as Dogs Wolves which hurt more by their venomous quality than by wounding Signs are vehement pain a livid Colour suddenly becoming black Symptoms more grievous than for the quality of the Wound a Heat over the whole Body Trembling Delirium Fainting c. Prognosticks A poysoned Wound though little may bring death especially if near to the Heart or any other Noble Part or the Chirurgeon not call'd soon enough Cure consists chiefly in this that the Venom be drawn forth by Cupping glasses attractive Medicines Scarifications or which is safest by an actual Cautery but then it must not be in a Nervous Part the Escar to be forthwith removed and the Wound to be cured by degrees Inwardly Sudorificks and Cordials profit Bleeding and Purging hurt A Plaister that draws forth the Poyson out of the Wound and corroborates the Part. Take boiled Onions three ounces Treacle half an ounce Goats dung an ounce Angelica-Roots in Powder a dram and half Oyl of Scorpions an ounce and half Honey and Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Plaister That corroborates the Part extracts the Venom produceth Matter and incarns the Wound Take Gums Galbanum Sagapenum Opoponax Assa Foetida Mirtle Pepper Brimstone of each six drams Pigeons and Ducks-dung of each an ounce Mummy half an ounce the great Comfrey-Roots powdered three drams Oyl of St. John's-wort as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister CHAP. XI Of particular Wounds IN Wounds of the Head where the Pericranium is hurt a stitch either by Needle or Plaister is not convenient fat things hurt but comforting and drying profit much Take Mastick Myrrhe Aloes Sarcocols of each half a dram Dragons-blood two scruples Bole a scruple Venice-Turpentine two ounces Honey of Roses a little Make it into a Plaister Wounds of the Brain are accompanied with pain of the Meninges and a great Flux of Blood to which succeeds other Symptoms and for the most part Death it self Oyl of Roses applied warm greatly easeth pain and fresh Pigeons-blood effects the same In an Haemorage Take Myrrhe Aloes Mastick Dragons-blood Rhubarb Red Coral prepared Hares hair cut small of each a dram Make it into a very a fine Powder Wounds of the Face are not to be stitcht but always care is to be taken that the Scars may not render it deformed In Wounds of the Eyes you must abstain from all Unctious things The sound Eye is to be bound as well as the whole The Head must be placed upright if there be a Flux of Blood the following things are convenient The Blood of Turtles Pigeons Hens Mucilage of the seeds of Fleawort of Quinces Tragacanth Bloodstone Ceruse Tutty Frankincense Aloes the white of an Egg Water of Roses and Plantain Decoction of Balaustians Red Roses Galls c. Take white Troches of Rasis prepared Tutty Aloes Powdered of each half a scruple Red-wine an ounce Red Rose water and Plantain of each two ounces Mucilage of the seeds of Fleawort Tragacanth of each a dram Make a Collyrium In pain Womans-milk fresh is good or the above described Collyrium adding to it half a scruple of Opium and applying over it this Cataplasm Take of rotten Apples two ounces Flowers of Linseed half an ounce Mucilage Seeds of Flea wort two drams crude Opium half a dram Yolks of Eggs as much as is sufficient to make it into a Cataplasm A part of the Nose quite cut off never unites again although the Wound be but just made but if it adheres still to the Body 't is to be stitched to it with a Needle Wounds of the Ears and Lips find greater benefit from the Needle than from Ligature Wounds of the Lungs require comforting and drying Medicines sharp being here very hurtful though used in other Wounds Externally Take Roots of great Comfrey Tormentil Cloves of each half an ounce Flowers of Red Roses half a handful Mastick Myrrhe Aloes of each a dram boil them in Barley-water and to half a pint of the strained Liquor add Syrup of Mirtles common and strained Honey of Roses of each two ounces Make it into a Liniment Internally Take Leaves of Fluellin Strawberries Sanicle of each half a handful Lung-wort a handful Roots of Angelica two drams Liquoras a dram Jujubies No. xv Raisons half an ounce boil them in Barley-water and add to a pint and half of the strained Liquor Syrup of Diacodion three ounces Mix them let them take four ounces of it three or four times a day Half a dram of Sperma Ceti taken every day is excellent but it weakens the Brain Wounds of the Heart are always mortal and those that penetrate into the left Ventricle kill suddenly they seldom live so wounded above six twelve or twenty hours although there are examples produced for it If wounded into the right Ventricle it permits the Patient to live longer but that which terminates in the substance of the Heart grants yet longer time Wounds of the Stomach for the most part are left to be cured by Nature which here doth miracles yet in a Flux of Blood Bleeding is requisite In
a Wound penetrating into the Cavity it self all the Tunicles being divided the Wound of the Abdomen ought to be united by a Stitch a little Orifice being left through which a Tent is to be put which must not enter the Wound of the Stomach but only outwardly touch it let it be armed with this or the like Take Oyl of Mastick of Fir-tree of each an ounce Manna of Frankincense two drams Powder of the Roots of Tormentil of the greater Comfrey of each a dram Saffron a Scruple Earth-worms half a dram White-Wine two ounces boil them to the Consumption of the Wine and make a Liniment Take Turpentine half an ounce Yolk of an Egg Oyl of St. John's-wort an ounce Mix it and make a Liniment Wounds of the Small-Guts sometimes though seldom may be cured this I can prove by a notable Example Those of the Great-Guts are more easie Where the Small-Guts are hurt the Chyle and sometimes the Meat Drink comes forth through the Wound there is great pain with a Fever and Nauseousness Where the Great-Guts the Excrements come out at the Wound or at least the scent the Body is bound the Wound is forthwith to be stitcht together and the Gut to be restored into its natural place well cleansed with warm Water and this following Powder sprinkl'd upon it Take Aloes Mastick Frankincense Mummy Dragons-blood of each a dram Make it into a Powder Wounds of the Liver and Spleen require bleeding and if the Belly be bound Clisters are daily to be injected to the Wound it self are to be applied Astringent and Drying Medicines Wounds of the Kidneys are difficultly and slowly cured If made into the Cavity it self the Blood that comes forth is Serous otherwise more pure This Liniment is of great esteem to be used outwardly Take Rosin of the Pine six ounces Oyl of Bays and Turpentine of each an ounce Gum Elemny four ounces and an half Mingle them Inwardly are to be given the Troches of Alkakingi Gordonius de Carabe or Sealed-Earth Bole Turpentine and Wound-Drinks Wounds of the Bladder are generally cured after the same manner but it is very seldom that they leave not behind them a Fistula The following Pills are of great use in Wounds and Ulcers in the Kidneys and Bladder Take Mans Bones calcin'd three drams Chalk Burnt Talk of each a dram Troches of Winter Cherries three drams Venice-Turpentine a little boil'd as much as is sufficient Make them into Pills about the bigness of little Pease rowling them in the Liquoras-powder let the Patient take morning and evening six of these The End of the Second Part of the Second Book BARBETTY'S CHIRURGERY The Third Book of the Second Part Of CHIRURGERY Of Vlcers CHAP. I. Of the Nature Differences Causes and Signs of Vlcers AN Ulcer is a Solution of continuity with Diminution of Magnitude in the soft Parts from a Corroding Matter Differences are taken .1 From the Form of the Ulcer so 't is great little long short broad narrow right transverse equal unequal deep superficial 2. From the Part affected which sometimes is the Skin and Flesh only sometimes the Tendons Nerves and Vessels that carry the Blood 3. From the Causes which shall be presently spoken of 4. From the Symptoms so 't is painful itching obstinate verminous carious Cause is a sharp and corrosive Humor and that is twofold 1. Internal as Choler Melancholy Serum Salt Phlegm and other Malignant Humors 2. External as Burning and Corrosive Medicines the Sweat of Man infected with the Itch Leprosie or Pox. Signs of Ulcers in general are manifest enough the particulars you shall have in their places Prognostick By how much deeper the Ulcer is so much the longer 't is in Curing Ulcers in Parts that are subject to much Humidity are difficultly cured If an Ulcer cannot be cured in a long time or when Cicatriz'd breaks out again the Cause is the Bone being foul under it Ulcers near to the Nerves Veins or Tendons are dangerous In Cacochimick Bodies their Cure is tedious If the Matter which comes from them be good it gives hope of an easie Cure Good Matter is of a middle consistence between thin and thick white light equal and not at all stinking That which is ill is thin and fluid pale livid and of ill smell Old and inveterate Ulcers are not cured without danger except the Body be well purged and a good order of Diet observed otherwise some Diseases will ensue CHAP. II. Of the Cure of Vlcers PUrging and Bleeding are here often necessary but a good ordered Diet always Hot Meats and Drinks hurt as also all Sweet and Salt things Outwardly the Humor ought to be concocted and turned into Matter the lost flesh ought to be repaired and then to be skinn'd Remedies necessary to perform these are Digestives Sarcoticks and Epuloticks which are set down in the seventh Chapter of the second Book of the second Part. We will add some Compounds A Defensive Take Guaiacum-Wood long Birthwort-Roots of each an ounce Centaury the less Wormwood Agrimony of each a handful Boil them in white Wine and to two ounces and an half of the strained Liquor add of the Meal of Orobus half an ounce Myrrhe powdered two drams of honey of Roses two ounces Spirit of Wine an ounce Venice-Turpentine as much as is sufficient to make it into a Liniment A Sarcotick Take the Brown Ointment of Foelix Wurtz three drams Basilicon half an ounce Gum Elemni two drams Turpentine six drams Colophony Mirrhe Aloes Mastick of each half an ounce Litharge of Gold three drams Oyl of Roses as much as sufficeth to make it into an Ointment An Epulotick Take Sacchar Saturn Litharge of each two drams Lapis Calaminaris one dram Roots of Tormentil Bistort round Birthwort Dragons-Blood burnt Egg-shels of each half an ounce Make them into a Powder Let it be sprinkled upon the Ulcer or mingled Gall half an ounce Honey as much as sufficeth to make it into a Linament CHAP. III. Of an Vlcer with foul Bones IT falls out sometimes that the Bone which lies underneath the Ulcer to be foul Bones are corrupted and contract a rottenness either from the long Flux of Humors or from the Acrimony and Malignity of them or from an Occult quality or from a Contusion in some manner injuring the bone it self or from sharp Medicines Signs of Corruptions are many Where the Bone lies open to the sight at first it appears of the colour of fat then yellow afterwards black and unequal but where it cannot be seen Chirurgeons may judge that there it is a Corruption 1. If a Fistula preceded or the Ulcer hath been of long continuance 2. If the Ulcer being skinn'd break out again 3. If the flesh above it becomes loose spungy pale or livid 4. If with the Probe you find no resistance but an Inequality 5. If the Matter be much thin and stinking Prognostick If the Caries be near the Nervous parts or in the Joynts or about
of others if thou dilligently require of what parts the Fabrick of thy Body consists to this end first we will shew the simple parts and their use then after the division of the whole Body the compounded Parts The Chirurgical use Seeing 't is very necessary even at first sight that thou shouldst know the nature and temperaments of Men because they give the Rules of what is to be done in the curing of each Disease we have thought it convenient in the very beginning of this Treatise to describe their Signs The Sanguine abound with Hair but lank and yellowish in process of time declining into blackish handsom red cheek'd freshy strong When young addicted to Venery not enduring â—â—â—ours easily sweating phthisical affable in their Conversation and Discourse not suspicious equally prone to laughter and tears they sleep soundly their dreams are pleasant Pulse is great and strong Urine yellowish and in great quantity soluble They hate Women and except in their company seldom think of them They bear Bleeding provided it be at a fitting time and in a convenient quantity otherwise they easily fall into a Dropsie Strong Purges to wit Euphorbium Scammony Colloquintida and those that are compounded of them they cannot bear though gentle Medicines easily as Cream of Tartar Manna Tamarinds Pruines Syrup of Roses with Senna Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb Pulp of Cassia Electuaries of Diacatholicum Lenitive c. As they easily fall into a Disease so they quickly again recover The Cholerick have black Hair and for the most part curled lean but very strong Coition profitable they are judicious and swift in action avoiding idleness they trust neither the words or gestures of Men soon subject to Laughter if the thing require it otherwise grave When irritated addicted to strike more inclined to Drink and Watching than to Eating and Sleep their dreams are of Fire Thunder Quarrels Battels Pulse strong quick and great Urine high-coloured as also their Excrements Choler requires not Bleeding yet permits it if there be a quantity of Blood joined with it but it must neither be excessive nor oftner repeated than just necessity requires lest the Choler shews its Malignity gentle Purges relieve it but strong irritate it it produceth vehement and dangerous Diseases and for the most part short Phlegmatick have long Flaxen Hair which easily falls off and as easily grows again Pale-fac'd cold and weak Body long ere they desire Marriage and soon debilitated by it sloathful unfit for Conversation not sollicitous about publick Affairs difficulty brought to Laughter or Anger which then lasts not long They eat and drink little prone to sleep Dreams are of Fish of the Water and Rain Pulse small and slow Urine pale and sometimes thin but generally thick and darkish the Belly soluble they bear not Bleeding except upon necessity they endure strong Purging their Diseases are long but not dangerous The Melancholick are almost destitute of Hair which is lank and black of a grim Countenance the whole skin livid lean slow and addicted to Venery prudent morose in conversation readier to give counsel to others than to themselves not subject to Laughter or Anger but long before appeased they eat and sleep much Urine copious Excrements little grievous Dreams Pulse small slow and hard Bleeding is hurtful Purging profitable the Diseases which it begets are stubborn and tedious and oftentimes more dangerous in the end than in the beginning Let these general Signs suffice in this place But 't is to be observed that the Temperaments are mixt and then the Signs are also Yea many Mutations Vices and Dissimulations as also Virtues and Ingenuity may be attributed to them which is your part judiciously to distinguish but we assent not to Galen who held that the dispositions of the Mind relie upon the Temperaments CHAP. II. Of the Parts in general· A Part properly so call'd is a firm limited Body which is nourished by other living Parts but doth not nourish having a peculiar use and operation for the advantage of the whole It is distinguished 1. Into the Principal Parts or or those not so Principal are those that perform some Noble Operation common to the whole Body as the Heart Liver Brain Testicles Those not so are those that serve the Principal and whence they are call'd their Servants as the Eye Ear Hands c. This distinction pleased some Anatomists many years since whom I much esteem yet not me For if the Liver and Heart are numbred amongst the Principal Parts because they elaborate the Blood for the advantage of the whole Body why is not the Tongue accounted a Principal Part also which is not only an Instrument of Speech by which we are distinguished from Beasts but also of Tastes by whose assistance we chuse those Aliments which are best which if wanting how the Heart and Liver could supply the Body with good Nutriment I see not The Brain governs all but how I beseech you If the Intestines did not perform their Orifice aright what would it effect How should we be esteem'd if like an Oister we should want Eyes and Ears How despised are the Feet and Hands yet in how many conditions do they serve For those not stirring both Chilification would be impaired and the Blood and the Spirits rendred thicker and the Brain made unfit for all actions In how short a time would the Limpha of our Body be corrupted if besides its own motion it was not also moved with the whole Body All things in our Body are joyned together as in a Clock one cannot be without the other neither is the most despicable Wheel less necessary than the Hand of the Clock itself without which it cannot be accounted a Clock 2. Into similar Parts and dissimilar A similar which divided into many parts yet whose single parts be of the same Nature with the whole Dissimilar are made up of more or less similars as the Hand Fingers Feet There are ten Similars found in the Body a Bone Cartilage Ligament Membrane Fibre Nerve Vein Artery Flesh Skin the eight former are made of Seed Flesh of Blood alone the Skin of both This Division is subject to greater difficulties than the former but seeing it is not convenient to reject it without the greatest confusion in the practice of Physick let us consider the thing it self committing the Disputes concerning the Name to the Schools Chirurgical Considerations 1. A Principal Part being affected or wounded renders the whole Cure dangerous therefore Prognosticks are not to be given here but with limitation lest the sudden alteration be rather ascribed to thee than to the Disease 2. Wounds of the similar Parts are less dangerous than of the dissimilar yea oftentimes they are sooner cured by simple Medicines than by compound the consent of the Parts by reason of the Vital and Animal Spirits is so great that scarce a Joint of the Finger being hurt can be cured without regard had to the whole Body In deed by the
'T is corrected by a large-mouth'd Cupping-glass outwardly applied upon the depressed Cartilage and being there fixt let it remain till breathing is hindred then suddenly remove and the Cartilage oftentimes at the first time returning again into its natural place which if it appears not to do the Chirurgeon must repeat this Operation once or twice then having embrocated the Part with Oyl of Roses and Myrtles apply this Plaister to the Part which must remain there several days Take Bistort-Roots Cypress-Nuts of each a dram Mastick Frankincense of each half a dram Balaustians a scruple Oyl of Nutmegs Exprest one dram and an half Naval-Pitch and Turpentine of each enough to make it into a Plaister CHAP. V. Of Ligaments A Ligament is a Similar Spermatick dry part adhering firmly to the Bones tying the parts of the Body mutually together Difference Some are Broad and Membranous some Round and Nervous 'T is here to be observed that the Names Membranous and Nervous are much used both by Writers and Practitioners and hath deceived many of them for 't is requisite to know that here it hath regard only to their external form not their internal essence for the Ligaments both the Membranous and the Nervous are void of Sense which they would not be if they were composed of their true substance of Nerve or Membrane There is no Ligament hollow if you except the slender Ligaments of the Womb and are all destitute likewise of Sense of Motion as from themselves Use is to connect the parts of the Body especially the Bones and preserveth them from continual Luxation Chirurgical Considerations 1. Ligaments hurt by reason of their want of sense seldom draw other parts into consent and by the use of drying Medicines are easily cured I cannot but again in this place taught by Experience commend the Restaurative Powder of which this is the Description Take Roots of Comfrey the greater Aloes Succotrine Calcis vivae of each two ounces Mastick Mirrhe Mummy of each two drams Precipitate two ounces Make it into a Powder Here diligently at the first time is the weak heat of the Ligaments to be considered seeing it may give occasion to a copious collection of Humors and other grievous Symptoms 2. The Ligaments also are not seldom Relaxt Yea although the Ignorant do contradict sometimes they are so much extended that they may give way to a Luxation which the Sciatick pain hath more than once given us example of in such a case external Bleeding and Purging profit much outwardly the Application of corroborating and discussing Topicks The following Plaister is excellent Take Stiptick Plaister of Crollius an ounce Oyl of Earth of Tiles of each a dram Make it into a Plaister to be spread upon Leather CHAP. VI. Of Membranes A Membrane is a Similar Spermatick Part broad soft dilatable white investing the Parts and carrying sense to them Difference Some are very thin others thick some fleshy but for the most part not The Parts which invest are properly call'd Membranes those which contain the Humors Tunicles and those which cover the Brain Meninges It is endued with sense from itself for all Membranes are sensible yea the Nerves themselves owe their sense to the Membranous substance of them Membranes therefore only are the true Organs of feeling they serving the Animal Spirits to this purpose Use is 1. To invest the Parts of the Body 2. To defend it from Injuries 3. To keep them united 4. To strengthen them 5. To give them sense 6. To close the Mouth of the Vessels that the Nutritious Blood be not carried too suddenly into the Part or out of it into the Vein it self 7. To separate the Parts Chirurgical Considerations The Membranes being so very sensible they cannot bear sharp Medicines they are not endowed with great quantity of Blood whence when they suffer a solution of continuity they are not easily united again But I have observed oft entimes that by the Muscles and the assistance of the Quittour they are joyned together as in the Bladder it self whose Wounds and Ulcers otherwise are esteemed incurable CHAP. VII Of Fibres A Fibre is a Similar Spermatick Part dispersed through the Skin Flesh and Membranes to make them the stronger and being naturally distended to contract again into the same manner Differences are right oblique and transverse and some round the right attract the oblique thrust forth transverse retain round constrain but this they do not so by their own singular virtue as by the common virtue of the Member which they serve and from whom they have their sense and nourishment for of themselves they are senseless Use is to strengthen the Membranes Skin and Muscles and when dilated to reduce them into their natural state Whether the Blood it self hath Fibres as many have delivered and as it seems very probable to us shall be explained in another place Chirurgical Consideration These offer nothing worthy consideration except that when they are wounded the consolidation of the Flesh and Skin is the longer and there is a greater stiffness of the Muscles about the place and makes them difficulter to contract and extend The Ductus of the Fibres is diligently to be observed by them which are to make any curious Incision CHAP. VIII Of Veins A Vein is a Similar Spermatick Membranous long hollow Part every where joined by Anastomoses to the Arteries receiving the Blood wanting further Concoction from them and carrying it to the Heart and Liver Difference Veins of a four-fold condition are found in the Body 1. Vena Cava 2. Vena Porta 3. Vena Pulmonalis 4. Vena Lacteae Of the last of which a more convenient occasion will be offered to treat of in the following The Venae Cava and Porta take their beginning from the Liver There are those which would have them come from the heart from a weak Argument taken from unborn Embrio's But where I find many Branches inserted in the Liver few or none in the Heart yea I have observed that it hath not entred into the Heart it self but only to be joined to its right Auricle I rather embrace the old Opinion willingly granting those honours to the Liver that I think belongs to it That the Roots of the Vena Cava and Porta were united by mutual Inosculations the old Anatomists perswaded themselves but the curious Inquisition of the Moderns hath both found out and clearly demonstrated that they mutually touch one another but not so united that the Blood can pass out of one into the other for the extremities of the foresaid Vessels by means of the Parenchyma of the Liver do so mutually consent that Milk or any liquid thing cast into the Vena Porta with a Syringe finds an easie passage into the Vena Cava without either an injury of the Veins or the Parenchyma Concerning which read Glisson Anatom of the Liver pag. 272. Veins have only one Tunicle with many Valves within especially in the external Joints They are nourished
with Blood from the little Arteries not that contained within themselves They are endowed with feeling both from themselves and sometimes from the Nerves Use is to receive the Blood not sufficiently elaborated from the Arteries and return it to the Heart and Liver there to be more perfectly concocted For the better Methods sake in the following we must be forced to describe all Veins here particularly and divide them into their Branches Vena Cava taking its beginning in the Liver as is before said is separated into the ascending Trunk and descending The Ascending which is the greater perforates the Diaphragm and is divided into four Branches of these 1. Phrenica which disperseth it self through the Diaphragma and Pericardium 2. Coronaria appropriated to the Basis of the Heart proceeds from the Trunk it self after it hath penetrated the Pericardium and inwardly united it self by a large fleshy Orifice to the right Auricle of the Heart 3. Azygos or sine pari coming from the right side of the same Trunk when ascending it hath passed the upper part of the Pericardium affording chief Branches to the eight lower Ribs then about the fleshy appendices of the Diaphragm it enters the Cavity of the lower Belly where on the left side 't is inserted into the Emulgent Vein on the right into the Trunk of the Cava 4. Subclavia from whom comes forth several Branches which go both upward and downward The Superiors are 1. Muscula Superior 2. Jugularis externa interna that on both sides sometimes single sometimes double goes to the Neck Head and Face this to the thick Meninx of the Brain to whose third Sinus its greater Branch is united The Inferiors are 1. Intercostalis serving the four upper Ribs and their Intercostal Muscles 2. Mammaria which is carried to the Breasts 3. Mediastina which goes to the Mediastine and Thyme 4. Cervicalis which goes to the Neck 5. Muscula inferior which goes to the Muscles of the Neck 6 7. Thoracica inferior and superior which goes to the Muscles of the Breast The Subclavials being come out of the Breast are called Axillares then go to the Arms where they are divided into 3 great branches which are 1. Cephalica in the hand between the little Finger and its next 't is named Salvatella Its Branches are variously mixt with the Branches of the Median 2. Basilica or Liver-Vein 3. Mediana which proceeds with other branches from the Basilica The descending Trunk which is the lesser and is undivided till it comes to the fourth Vertebra of the Loins then it communicates 1. Adipsosa to the Membranes of the Kidneys 2. Emulgens to the Kidneys themselves 3. Spermatica to the Testicles 4. Lumbares two three or four to the Loins and to their Vertebra's Nearer to the Os Sacrum it is separated into two Branches called Illiaci Before they go to the Feet the Trunk it self presents 1. Muscula Superior which goes to the Muscles of the Loins and Peritonaeum 2. Sacra sometimes single sometimes double to the Os sacrum 3. Muscula Media to the Buttocks 4. Hypogastria to the Bladder and its Neck to the Sphincter Ani to the Penis and to the neck of the Womb. 5. Epigastrica to the Muscles of the Abdomen and to the Peritonaeum 6. Pudenda to the privy Parts 7. Muscula Inferior to the joint of the Hips The Iliack Branches as soon as they have left the Cavity of the Belly are called Crurales From these proceed 1. Ischiatica minor which goes to the Skin and Muscles of the Hip. 2. Ischiatica major to the Hip then to all the Toes 3. Proplitea to the Ham. 4. Suralis to the Muscles of the Calf of the Leg. 5. Saphena To the Knee Ankle and to the upper part of the Foot and to the great Toe The Vena Cava where it comes out of the Heart receives three Valves called Tricuspidales looking internally for this purpose that the Blood may freely enter into the Heart but to hinder its return The Use of the Vena Cava is to receive the cruder Blood from the Arteries and remit it to the Heart Vena Porta much lesser and looser than the Vena Cava ariseth from the Umbilical Vein and with many Roots is inserted into the Liver without the Liver it is divided into Trunk and Branches all which are distributed into several Parts contain'd in the lower Belly From the Trunk proceeds 1. Gastroepiplois which goes to the Caul and Stomach 2. Intestinalis to the intestine Duodenum 3. Cysticae Gemellae to the Gall. 4. Gastrica minor to the left side of the Stomach Then this Trunk is divided into two great branches the Splenick and Mesenterick Ramus Splenicus sometimes joyning to the Sweet-bread sometimes passing through it divides into four little Branches as soon as it hath left it which are these 1. Vena Gastrica major which goes to the Spleen communicating from thence three or four small Veins to the Stomach These being blown up in living and dead Bodies manifestly declare nothing at all can enter into the Cavity of the Stomach so by consequence no Humor coming from the Spleen as long since Learned Men have imagined taught and writ seeing they terminate in the Coats of the Stomach and open not into the Cavity it self 2. Epiploica dextra 3. Coronaria stomachi 4. Epiploica sinistra Mesenterious ramus is also divided into four others of these the 1. Retains its old name and is distributed with fourteen or more Branches through the Mesentery 2. Vena Haemorrhoidalis and goes to the Spleen the Womb and the right Intestine 3. Vena Coecalis to the blind Intestine 4. Ramus Mesocolicus and goes to the Intestine call'd Colon. The Use of the Vena Porta is to take the Blood not sufficiently elaborated from the Arteries and carry it to the Liver for the perfecter concoction and for the separation of the Choler Venis pulmonalis which the Ancients corruptly call'd Arteria venosa seeing that it hath but only one Tunicle beats not of it self nor returns the Blood coming out of the left Ventricle of the Heart with a wide Orifice goes to the Lungs to receive the more imperfect Blood from the Pulmoniack Artery and carries it to the Heart About its egress from the Heart it hath two Miter-like Valves hindring the regress of the Blood to the Lungs It s Use is to carry the Blood received from the Pulmoniack Artery into the left Ventricle of the Heart Chirurgical Considerations 1. We have in another place treated of the Wounds of Veins we shall only add that if the Bandage by which you stay the bleednig be bound too hard it will easily induce a Gangrene 2. We have admitted only four general Indications of Bleeding to wit for the Refrigeration Imminution Revulsion and Derivation of the Blood but special Diseases requiring one Vein to be chosen before the other which are these following in a Delirium and great pain of the Head the Vein of the Forehead or
Thumb and fore-finger is opened in palpitations of the Heart either that or the Saphena is to be opened Other Arteries are not to be opened except a Bone lies under them for fear of an Aneurism CHAP. X. Of Nerves A Nerve is a Similar Spermatick Membranous round white hollow part serving for the carriage of the Animal Spirits to the Parts for Sense and Motion The Nerves take their Original from the Brain and are divided within the Skull into eight Parts without the Skull to wit those that come out of the Spinal Marrow into thirty Pares seven of which proceed from the Vertebra's of the Back five from the Vertebra's of the Loins six from the Os Sacrum The eight Pare within the Skull proceeding from the Brain are 1. Smelling pare which adheres to the Mammillary Processes 2. Optick pare which is the greatest and united in the middle 3. The pare that moves the Eyes 4. The Tasting pare 5. The second tasting pare 6. The hearing Pare 7. Par vagum which is vested with strong Membranes it descends through the Orifices of the Bone of the hinder part of the Head to the Throat afterwards sending Branches to the Neck of the Larinx to the Muscles of the Tongue and Os Hyodis then is divided of each side into the external and internal Branch The right External Branch having sent some Branches to the Muscles of the Breast makes the right recurrent Nerve this contributes to the Voice as also to the feeling in the Pleura the Coat of the Lungs the Pericardium and to the upper Orifice of the Stomach seeing all those Parts obtain Branches from it The left external Branch constitutes the left recurrent Nerve which goes to the same Parts as we have declared the right doth being brought to the said Orifice of the Stomach it is joined to the right recurrent and so goes to the lower Orifice of the Stomach and to the lower part of the Liver The right internal Branch sends Branches to each intercostal Muscle then having perforated the Diaphragm furnisheth all the parts of the lower Belly with a Nerve ending about the Os Sacrum Of the left Internal Branch is the same Distribution 8. The Part moving the Tongue The Nerves have a Cavity but so little not to be distinguished by the sight except in the Optick Nerves and those of the Pudendum Use is to carry the Animal Spirits for sense and motion of the whole body Chirurgical Considerations The Cure of wounded Nerves and Tendons is so like as it hath been more than once the occasion of Confusion among the best Authors therefore for the better distinction sake 1. The frequent contusion of the Nerves by a Fall or Blow the Skin having suffered a solution of continuity there happens an Ulcer and many other Symptoms from the afflux of Humors It requires the same Cure we have proposed in another place of Wounds of the Nerves But if the contused Nerve be not bare which may be discerned from the greater and more connual pain than is usual in a simple contusion of the Flesh the greatest care is that the coagulated Blood be as soon as possible resolved for if it should suppurate the Nerve easily would putrifie therefore let there be applied a Cloth dipt in one or other of the following Oyls warm to the affected Part. Oyl of Castor Worms Dill Rue Camomile Rosemary Or let this Fomentation be applied very hot with Spunges Take our Orise Roots two ounces Leaves of Rosemary Marjoram Horse-Mint of each half a handful Boil them in white Wine for a Fomentation Or let the following Plaister be laid on Take Sow-bread Roots in Powder two drams Species Diambrae one dram Oyl of Castor three drams Turpentine a dram Plaister of Betony on ounce Virgins-Honey as much as to make it according to Art into a Plaister Oyl of Lavender is excellent in this Case if taken to the quantity of two drops especially where Convulsions happen 2. The Nerves are not seldom obstructed with a pituitous and tough Humor from whence a stuppor of the Part and sometimes also a stiffness these Symptoms I used to remove after the following manner the whole Body if occasion being first purged Take Gum Caranna half an ounce Galbanum an ounce Oyl of Euphorbium a dram and an half Make it into a Plaister Or Take Mans-fat Goose-Fat of each an ounce Oyl of Earth three drams Make it into a Liniment Let the Part affected be anointed with it Morning and Evening then lay on the Stiptick Plaister of Crollius or of Ladanum or Diachilon with Gums You will hasten the Cure if you use Internal Corroboratives which do wonderfully alter the Nerves although these things properly belong to the Physician yet I think it convenient to prescribe this Decoction of great efficacy of which let the Patient take three or four ounces twice a day Take Roots of Piony Sea-holly of each half an ounce Orrise three drams Leaves of Marjoram Rosemary of each an handful Flowers of the Lime tree Lavender and Lilly of the Valley of each a pugil the lesser Cardomomes three drams Nutmegs a dram Infuse them six hours in a sufficient quantity of White-Wine afterwards boil them and to a quart of the strained Liquor add three ounces of Syrup of Stoechas Mix them There often happens through a Chronick Disease or from a Luxation or Fracture a Contraction of the Member which is not to be ascribed to the Nerves but Tendons This is easily remedied by the use of Oyls and Ointments that have the property of mollifying the indurated Tendons especially if there is to be used a daily extention either by the Hands Weights or Instruments Take Oyl of Camomile Olives Foxes of each half an ounce compounded Ointment of Marsh-mallows an ounce Capons-grease an ounce and an half Make it into a Liniment CHAP. XI Of the Flesh THE Flesh is a similar Bloody Soft Thick part together with the Bones to yield a strengthening to the Body and to cover the spermatick Parts Difference Flesh is three fold 1. Musculous 2. Glandulous 3. Viscerous Musculous is soft red and is properly call'd flesh and for these many ages hath come under the name of Muscles But yet a Muscle is not a Similar Part but compounded of many others to wit Fibres Tendons Nerves a Membrane Veins Arteries that it might be a fitter instrument of voluntary motion to which the Fibres Tendons and Nerves do chiefly contribute It hath a Tendon in its begining and end sometimes round sometimes broad sometimes but one sometimes double It s end is in that place where the Tendons are greater and more It s Head or beginning where the Nerve is inserted the middle where the flesh swells out Use is to promote voluntary motion which is performed after a three-fold manner 1. When the Contraction of the Muscle is so that the end comes to the beginning and then its Antagonist is quiet 2. When the Motion is Tonick so that being contracted
it remains for some time in the same condition 3. When it relaxeth so that it is restored into its former seat and quiet by its Antagonist The Glandulous flesh is white thick and spungy formed of seed from whence it cannot properly be call'd flesh to this purpose ordained 1. To prop up the Vessels 2. To receive the superfluous Humidities whence they are called the Emuâ—ctories of the noble Parts Some Anatomists make strange diversities of them but it will appear to any one that diligently enquires into all the Glandules that they differ not so much in substance as in their Use and Humor The Viscerous flesh or the Parenchemick is red hard convenient to prop the Vessels and to serve for many particular and various operations this is the flesh of the Lungs Heart Liver Spleen which shall be treated of in their places Chirurgical Considerations The Muscles are subject to many Diseases very many of which are of so little consequence that they shall not be numbred here some we have declared in another place the following require consideration oftentimes wonderfully exercising the patience and diligence of the Chirurgeon 1. An Atrophy of the whole Body oftentimes comes from an Internal Cause But if of the Finger Hand Arm Foot for the most part from an External Cause Thus a Fracture Luxation Contusion Tumor too hard Ligature and the like so vehemently compressing the Veins and Arteries that it hinders the free passage of the Blood to the Parts upon which happens an Emacitation for where the Vessels are wholly divided or stopt so that the least quantity of Blood cannot be carried to the Parts there follows not a Wasting of the Part but a Mortification in this Case the External Causes must be removed And care is to be taken that the Blood may again be carried to the Part Here chafing the Part and the use of Nettles as many will is good the Chymists commend much Alumen Plumosum all hot Oyls likewise are here good and this Oyntment is of excellent vertue Take fresh tops of Savin Juniper Lovage of each two handfuls Camomile Flowers Juniper-berries of each two handfuls Oyl of Bayes White-Lillies of each twelve ounces Hogs-grease three ounces Dogs-grease an ounce and half Aqua vitae two ounces Boil them to the consumption of the moisture then add to the express'd Liquor Oyl of Spike three drams Juniper a dram Mustard-seed in Powder half a an ounce Roots of Pellitory of Spain Long-Pepper powdred of each two draws Yellow wax as much as is sufficient to make it into an Ointment Or Take Pulvis Amianti three drams Roots of Pellitory of Spain a dram and half Castor Euphorbium Oyl of Earth of each two drams Gum Ammoniacum an ounce and half Laudanum and Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister 2. The true reason of the generation of Wens in my opinion is this the mouths of the Arteries appointed to carry nourishment to the Muscles sometimes are more opened than they ought to be whether it be by Fall or Blow or from an internal Cause especially in Plethorick People and in Parts disorderly moved the native heat converts the extravasated Blood into Flesh But seeing the Member requires not so great a quantity of nourishment it increaseth into a preternatural Swelling and if this Blood be impure Choler produceth Pain Phlegm Viscousness Melancholy a Cartilaginous hardness and 't is to be attributed to these Humors that this preternatural flesh is more yellow white or livid 'T is seldom included in a proper Tunicle except where Phlegm is its greatest Cause and then those Tumors are generally in the Neck The Veins grow big according to the increase of the Tumor so that under the Skin they appear as thick as ones Thumb 'T is not in it self malignant yet by ill applications may be easily made so Air is very hurtful if the Tumor be exposed to it For the most part the best Remedies are here used to little purpose on the contrary the Tumor more and more increasing You cannot promise any Cure except you take it away by a Thred Knife or both In the beginning the Medicines that are to be applied ought to be very astringent and repelling the Part is gently to be rouled having applied to it either a Plate of Lead or a Diachalcitheos Plaister or of Frogs with Mercury or the following Take Pomegranate-rinds Bistort-roots of each one dram Scales of Iron Quick-silver Burnt-Lead of each two drams Bole-armenick Lapis Haematitis of each a dram and half Turpentine Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Plaister according to Art In the mean time Purging Bleeding Scarification and the Application of Leeches are not to be neglected Sweating also Watchings and Abstinence profit very much But if the Tumor yields not to these Remedies but daily increaseth Suppuratives are to be applied but if these within few days effect nothing and the Tumor continuing in the same state an actual Cautery may be used which let not the contrary Opinions either of Chirurgeons or standers-by hinder for by its use the increase of the Tumor will be stayed for a long time yea sometimes the Disease will be wholly eradicated But if the Flesh begins to repullulate again beyond expectation the Surgeon ought not to defer to endeavour either by a Thred or Knife its extirpation the Thred being small and strong must be twice wound about the neck of the Tumor and tied with a double knot which must be straightned the same day and so every day until the Tumor be deprived of its colour sense and life which is within seven or eight days then 't is to be taken off with a crooked Knife which is very easie to perform seeing neither any great pain or flux of Blood is to be feared If the Thred be wet in Mercurial or Arsenick-water it hastens the mortification of this Tumor But in this Operation a Phlegmatick Body is required for in other Bodies pain and inflamation do so much afflict the Patient that 't is seldom that the Thred in a short time should take them off yet the Chirurgeon may to lessen the Symptoms and to cool anoint with a Feather the part which the Thred toucheth with white camphorated Ointment of Roses or the like continually putting the Patients in mind how that others bear it more quietly But if you design to use a Knife only the whole Tumor must be endeavoured to be taken away except you will consume the remaining by Medicines which is very rarely effected besides the Chirurgeon must have a Care that he divides not the greater Vessels lest there follows a Flux of Blood not to be stopped 3. The Viscerous Flesh belongs rather to the Physicians care than the Chirurgeons 4. Of the Glandulous Flesh we have treated particularly in several places In general 't is to be noted 1. That the Glandules are of a cold temperament therefore require hot Medicines but very ill suffers cold 2.
through the Belly The Venae Lacteae consist of one very thin Tunicle but are endowed with several Valves extended from the Liver towards the Glandules they are distributed through all the Mesentery and so are carried for the most part to the small Guts especially the Jejunum but yet the great Guts are not altogether destitute of them that none of the Nutriment may be lost From the Intestine both these Vessels and the Chile contain'd in them go to the three Glandules of the Chile the greatest of which is in the middle of the Mesentery called by Asellius Pancreas the two lesser are call'd the Lumbar Glandules situate near the left Kidney Each of these Glandules send forth a Branch which joining above the left Kidney constitutes a Vessel called Vena Lactea about the bigness of a great quill This great Lactean Vein lying between the Arteria aorta and the Vertebra's of the Loins cover'd with Fat runs upwards and above the Heart ascends by the Gullet and so hastens to the left Subclavial Vein where it ends in one two or three branches here a most thin valve occurs at the very end of the Vein looking inwardly that the Chyle might not return back again or run further into the Arm out of this Subclavial they descend by the ascending Trunk of Vena Cava into the right Ventricle of the Heart that there by the help of the heat and natural quality it may be changed into Blood Being converted into Blood it passeth by the Pulmoniack Artery to the Lungs which are by part of it nourished and the rest of it goes through the Pulmoniack Vein to the left Ventricle of the Heart that it may be more perfectly elaborated thence by the great Artery is carried to all the parts of the Body communicating to them nourishment for the preservation of Life These ways of Conveyance is displeasing to some who would rather retain that by the Mesaraick veins known and so greatly cried up by the Ancients than admit of a new Truth therefore they say that the Chile together with the Blood may by this way be most conveniently carryed to the Liver seeing that the Venal Blood is carried not from the Liver to the Guts which was the false Opinion of the Ancients but from the Guts to the Liver and so not here to be allowed a contrary motion of each Liquor already sufficiently known But in truth these Opinions they defend rather by a probable Ratiocination out of their old affection to the Liver than that they can make it out by natural or demonstrative Arguments or answer these Queries following 1. What is the use of the Lacteal Veins 2. Why is their rise in the Guts 3. Why the Valves are so placed that they may hinder the regress of the Chile into the Guts 4. Why do they all go together with the Chile to the Glandule of the Chile and none of them to the Liver 5. Why are the great Lacteal Veins joyned together 6. For what end doth the Chile pass into the Subclavial Veins All which can be made appear in the Body to the sight That part of the Blood which is not altogether useless yet not fit for Nutrition passeth out of the Arteries ever joyned together by Inosculations with the Veins into the Vena Cava and Porta and so by their means is brought again into the Liver and Heart that it may be amended and again concocted I do not only say that the Blood is carried by the Vena Cava into the Heart but also by the Vena Porta into the Liver which I prove by these Reasons 1. The Liver is the biggest of all the Viscera not that I would infer its pre-eminence from its greatness see Chap. 2. but I suppose Nature would never have created so great a Body but for the performing of some extraordinary operation 2. It s greatest Vein coming out with a large Orifice forthwith goes to and enters the Heart What necessity is there for the Vena Cava to be distributed with such numerous Branches through the Liver and so presently to ascend into the Heart for indeed it ought to convey back the Blood not amended It s Trunk likewise and that of the Arteria Aorta might ascend directly up the Body to the Heart without concerning it self with the Liver especially when the Vena Porta near the Liver may also yield sufficient ways for freeing all the Blood from Choler It ought to receive the Blood concocted in the Liver and convey the same to the Heart 3. It s colour is red I well know that it is sometimes observed to be white pallid yellow green but this colour is to be ascribed to the Disease not to its natural Constitution for in all Bodies perfectly sound it is found red What wonder is it that the Liver being red in weakness should contract a whiteness doth not a red face grow pale when the Body is affected with sickness How easily likewise that the Liver separating the Choler should be died with a yellow or green colour 'T is also observed in the first xx or xxx days after conception it is naturally white neither becomes red before the maternal Blood concerning which some of the Moderns have far otherwise ascribed comes to the nourishment of the already formed parts which is the same in all Spermatick parts even in the Heart it self But will you conclude from hence that this red colour only happens to the Liver and is not more proper to it than it is to the Muscles which yet therefore do not make Blood To this I answer that the affluent Blood is so necessary here and so appropriated to the Liver that without it it cannot be called a perfect Liver but both the colour substance and number of Vessels are so difierent in a Muscle and in the Liver that in no wise the parts deserve to be said to be like one another and what absurdity is it to say that a Muscle sanguifies when even the Heart it self by the principal Anatomists and Philosophers is acknowledged a Muscle 4. The Maternal Blood comes first up the Umbilical Vein to the Liver ere it goes to the Heart of the Infant And the Valves and Ligatures evidently demonstrate that the Arterial Blood is carried by the Umbilick Arteries from the Child to the Womb but the Venal by the Umbilick Vein from the Womb to the Child but whether the Infant is nourished by the Maternal Blood or by an External Humor like as a Chicken in the Egg is to me all one when 't is evident the Blood which either coming from the Mother or Infant passeth first to the Liver before it enters the Heart 5. The Choler is separated from the Blood in the Liver for every one knows that there can no separation be made without there be first a Concoction From all these Arguments I cannot gather any thing but that the returning Blood is carried by the Vena Porta to the Liver that it may there
the Arteries to be conveyed through the whole Body every part of this Blood nourisheth those parts which are of the like temperament with it self the Hot part of it nourisheth the Hot the Dry the Dry the Moist the Moist c. that which is here not well concocted must be brought back again to be perfected Why we say that the Veins are not sufficient and the passages not commodious enough to perform the same whose Office we know is to bring back to the Heart the Blood not sufficiently concocted the Reason is that the Water always remaining in the Vessels rendered the Blood too thin so deprived it of its natural consistence and strength From all those so clearly and distinctly laid down it sufficiently appears what the CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD is to wit a continual motion of the Blood out of the Arteries into the Vena Cava and Porta to the Liver and Heart that in them it may be fitted for the Nutrition and the life of the whole Body Out of the subtilest part of the Blood are the SPIRITS produced which are two-fold 1. Vital which begotten in the Heart carry life to the parts of the Body 2. Animal who out of the Vitals elaborated in the Brain impart Sense and Motion to the Body The Natural at the same time that the Circulation of the Blood was found out vanished Chirurgical Considerations 1. The Ductus Salivales when the string of the Tongue is to be cut or the Ranine Vein to be opened or any other Disease of the Tongue that is to be cured by Manual Operation warn you to have great care of those little Glandules in which they end that they might not be hurt with the Launcet lest there follow a continual spitting The great Glandule also of the Neck from whence these Ductus's take their rise when it is inflamed admits not of the use of Mercury for from hence a dangerous Salivation may very easily be raised 2. The Lacteal Veins either the greater or the lesser are oftentimes from a Contusion or Wound so greviously hurt that they cannot carry the Chile to the Heart and though the wound be cured with great diligence care and speed yet the Patient will fall into a Consumption whence follows Death inevitably This Truth will defend Chirurgeons from many Calumnies In Children and older People is often perceiv'd an induration and inflamation of the Abdomen the cause of which is the hardness of the Mesaraic Glandules which allow not passage for the Chile to the great Lecteal Vein except the very thinnest of it whence the flesh of the Muscles wasts the Body becomes heavy and weary and at length a Feaver and a wasting of the whole Body This evil I use to remedy without any great trouble with this External Liniment Take compound Oyntment of Marshmallows Ointment of Sow-bread of Martiaton of each two drams Oyl of white Lillies of Camomile of each three drams Mix it into an Ointment Inwardly the following Troches are excellent being continually used the whole time of the Cure Take prepared Steel prepared Crabs-Eyes of each a scruple Vitriolated Tartar half a dram Sal Prunella xvj grains Species Aromatici Rosati a scruple white Sugar two ounces Make them into Troches according to Art In this case Purging is not to be used but with Cassia Cream of Tartar and Laxative Syrups for the Glandules will not bear strong Purges 3. The Blood taken out upon the opening a Vein oftentimes after some few hours space appears very dry and destitute of all Serum which for the most part is ascrib'd to its too great Heat and Adustion but this Argument is very invalid for if the same day the same or another Vein be again opened there will be found a great quantity of Serum in the Blood therefore the true Cause is to be deduc'd from the Circulation of the Blood but especially in the Lymphatick Vessels which at that time draws the Serum and Humidity and so leaves the Blood dry It very often also happens that the Body becomes Tumid Turgid and Languid upon which the fearful Physitian forthwith pronounces nought but dangers When with the use of Internal and External Sudorificks the Patient in a short time may be cured The Cause of this Disease is not from the intemperature and debility of those parts the Ancients call'd Noble for it may easily be distinguished from the Dropsie which these parts occasion for although the sick persons are very dull and weary yet are they not anxious but breath free and the Belly swells not much In the Face and Joynts especially is a watry Matter collected but if the swell'd parts are compressed by the Finger we perceive much less Serum to be contained in the parts than in a true Dropsie from whence those that understand not the true Cause are wont to ascribe this Inflammation to wind But the Lymphatick Vessels when comprest broke or by any other way obstructed so that the natural motion of the Lympha is hindred occasions this evil 1. The Circulation of the Blood requires all venomous and deprav'd Humors which are thrown out either by Nature it self or that outwardly happen to the Body at the very first instant forthwith to be expelled out of the Glandules and the Skin by the means of attractive Medicines lest that the whole Blood in a very short time be infected and the Heart it self opprest and suffer under it The which doth sufficiently declare how dangerous it is to open a Vein and to purge in a Venereal and Pestilential Bubo nay in all venomous Wounds as on the contrary how necessary it is to cast forth the offending matter by the use of Sudorifick and Attracting Medicines As moreover how that the invention of the Circulation of the Blood is of very great use in the Art of Physick CHAP. XV. The Division of the Body MAn's Body is most conveniently divided into the Venters or Regions and Joynts There are three Venters 1. The Head or the supream Region or Cavity to it is joined the Neck which is its prop. 2. The Thorax Breast or middle Region 3. The Abdomen lower Belly or lower Region The Joynts are the two Arms and the two Legs Chirurgical Considerations We divide the Body after this manner that it may be known what place each part of the Body ought to keep to those that read the following every thing will become more manifest But there is so great consent of all the Parts so great concord that no part may be by it self consider'd without a consideration of the whole therefore I think it necessary that in a few words the foundation of this mutual consent be here declar'd 1. In every part is required a natural temper for the Liver being too hot the Stomach too cold the Brain too dry c. the whole Body must be out of order 2. A sufficient number for in the Hand if the least Bone Tendon or Artery c. be wanting forthwith its
operation is injured 3. A just magnitude one Foot greater than the other causeth a troublesome walking 4. A Natural Figure Softness Thickness yea colour it self 5. A convenient Connection and sight 6. The presence of the Vital Spirits which are brought to the Part by the Arteries 7. The presence of the Animal Spirits which are carried by the Nerves 8. Outwardly the Skin that covers the whole Body Inwardly the Dura Mater the covering of the Brain Palate Tongue Jaws Breast and lower Belly requires also a particular Consideration 9. It is likewise necessary that the Nutriment be well concocted naturally carried and receiv'd that there may no defect be observed in the Parts The End of the First Book of the Third Part. The SECOND BOOK OF THE HEAD CHAP. I. Of the Outward Parts of the Head THE Head as Supream Lord both of its own and of a thousand other Bodies not only governs it self but others well when formed with a healthy Constitution and instructed with the knowledge of its own Office but they live a miserable life whose Head is not justly and with Art composed and who neither enquire into or know its Substance or Figure It s Figure is Oval the upper part is call'd Vertex the fore-part Frons the hinder-part Occipút the sides Temples the rest is call'd the Face and consists of the following parts First appears the Skin in several places endowed with Hair but in all with a Scarf-skin Under this lies the Membrana Carnosa and Pericranium which takes its rise from the Dura Mater and passing through the Sutures of the Skull first invests the Skull then all the other Bones Anatomists that are very curious make the Pericranium to be double the outward retains the old name of Pericranium the inward is called Periostium The Bones which lie under these Membranes first we divide into the Skull and Jaws then into many other Bones The Skull is composed of eight Bones joyned together by proper and common Sutures The proper Sutures are true or spurious The true are three 1. The Coronal 2. The Sagittal 3. The Lambdoidal The Spurious are the two squamous Sutures of the temporal Bones The common are three likewise 1. The Frontal 2. The Sphoenoidal 3. The Ethmoideal The Bones themselves which have many perforations and cavities for the passage of the Air of the Veins Arteries and Nerves are eight 1. The Bones of the Fore-head always in Children sometimes in old people is divided just to the root of the Nose by the sagittal Suture 2 3. The Bones of the fore part of the Head or Bregma 4 4. Temporal Bones or Petrosa 6. The Lambdoidal or Bone of the hinder-part of the Head 7. The Sphoenoidal or Wedge like Bone 8. The Ethmoideal Bone or Cribrosum The Muscles of the Forehead are the two Attollentes Muscles of the hinder part of the Head are the two Deprimentes The Jaws consist of several Bones conjoined so by Harmony that in old people they appear but as one the one is called the upper the other the lower Jaw The upper Jaw is composed of eleven Bones of each side five the odd eleventh is placed in the middle 1 2. Os Zygomaticum or yoke-bone makes the lower part of the Orbite of the Eye constituting with its Apophisis the Os Jugale or Zygoma 3 4. Os Lachrymale makes the internal corner of the Eye having a large Orifice descending to the Nose 5 6. Os Maxillare or Jaw-bone particularly so called which is the greatest of all the Bones which constitutes the Jaws 7 8. Os Nasi or Bone of the Nose which in its end hath five united Cartilages 9 10. Os Palati or Bone of the Palate 11. Vomer A peculiar Bone above the Palate which supporting the interstice of the Nose and joined to it by Harmony The upper Jaw moves not but when the whole Head moves therefore needs not proper Muscles The lower Jaw which generally remains divided in the fore-part till the eighth year and afterwards is so closly joined together as it appears to be but one Bone hath two Processes and in them a Cavity big enough to allow a convenient situation to the Veins Arteries and Nerves from whence the Teeth receive their Nutriment and Sense The Branches of the Nerves about the Chin pass out again through a little Orifice are distributed into the Muscles of the Lips It is moved by six pair of Muscles which are 1. Pterygoâ—… Internus Attollentes 2. Digastricus Attollentes 3. Latus Deprimens 4. Pterygoideus Externus bringing them forward 5. Masseter 6. Musculus Temporalis This Muscle hath this peculiar to it self that it is covered by the Pericranium by which the subjacent temporal Bones are altogether destitute of it which is not observ'd in any other part of the Body But no man hitherto as I know of hath yet given the Reason of it for whatsoever hath been delivered by others concerning this hath been so slight that they give little satisfaction to the lovers of Truth But of late Job Mekeren an Experienced Chirurgion of this City hath in an Epistle communicated something particular relating to this matter the substance whereof I here give you until he put forth his Observations some of which I have seen TO Dr. PAUL BARBETTE Physician at Amsterdam SIR I Will truly declare to you my Opinion concerning the Question I informed you I had moved in the company of some Physicians which was Why the Bones which lie under the temporal Muscles are not covered and invested by the Pericranium as are the other Bones On the 6th of Janaury 1654 being commanded by the Honourable Senate of this City to open the Head of PETER JACOBS Brick layer then was my Opinion which I had been hitherto big withal sufficiently confirmed for as soon as I had observed a great depression in the upper part of the Skull I also found a great quantity of coagulated Blood which had part of it past through the Ears and part of it remained yet in the Cavity of the Ear then being very desirous to know the way by which this Blood had descended into the Cavity of the Ear which when I had diligently enquired into I also discovered the reason and cause wherefore the Pericranium covers in this place the temporal Muscles and not the Bone under them First The Opinion and the Answer which the Honourable and Experienced Dr. TULPH Burgomaster of Amsterdam had given to the propounded Question to wit from whence this Blood should come which very often in Wounds of the Head flows out of the Ears I found to be true and reasonable for I perceived as the Noble Consul had affirmed to me that the Blood from the upper part of the Head did descend between the Skull and Pericranium and so did enter the space that is between the Os Parietale and Petrosum and from thence to be as it was strained through a Sieve into the Cavity of the Ear afterwards in searching further I found
Roots of Marsh-mallows an ounce leaves of Mallows of Mandrake of each one handful Heads of Poppy No. ij flowers of Dill Camomile of each two handfuls Linseed three drams boil them in Cows-Milk for a Fomentation The Flux and pain being ceased what yet remains may be discussed by those Remedies but now set down in a pain from a cold distemperature Where the Inflamation Apostumates which we understand by a Feverish Pulse and by the continual increasing we must assist Nature by suppurating Medicines Take Unguentum Basilicon two drams Oyl of Linseed three drams Mix them Or Take Goose grease Oyl of sweet Almonds of white Lillies of each two drams Mix them Or Take Roots of white Lillies an ounce and half a large Onion roasted in the Embers and beaten together add to them the Meal of Marsh-mallows half an ounce Linseed six drams fresh-Butter an ounce and half Oyl of Camomile Linseed of each half an ounce Saffron half a dram Make it into a Poultice The Apostume being broke the Ulcer is first to be mundified for which purpose are convenient Honey of Roses of Centaury the juice of Smallage Fennel Bete Onions Leeks Decoction of Agarick Lupins Urine Lye Oxes-gall Unguentum Aegyptiacum Then must be used those Medicines that may dry and consolidate the Ulcer Take Roots of round Birthwort half a dram of Flowerdeluce a scruple wash'd Ceruse prepared Tutty of each a dram Mirrhe Sarcocols Litharge of Gold of each two scruples artificial Cinabar half a dram Scales of Iron a scruple Honey of Roses as much as is sufficient Make it into an Ointment Where Worms come in an Ulcer from an impure matter the following are convenient to kill them The juice of Wormwood Centaury Arsmart a decoction of Coloquintida of white Hellebore Ox-gall Oyl of Wormwood of bitter Almonds c. Or Take Aloes Mirrhe of each two drams Coloquintida half a dram tops of Wormwood half a handful Boil them in white Wine for an injection 11. The Nose as well as the Ear is subject to inflamation which presently in the beginning we are forced to remedy by the Medicaments formerly mentioned in an inflamation lest otherways its Cartilages should become carious which may cause a great deformity Sometimes a Tumour call'd a Polypus seizeth the inward Cavity of it occasioned from impure and pituitous Blood which is two-fold for it either resembles a Tent or Pellet and is call'd by the general name Sarcoma or it spreads it self with many small branches into the inward parts of the Mouth or into the external parts of the Nose is in specie call'd a Polypus that which it of a whitish colour not painful and soft is easily cur'd but that more difficultly which is very red never that which is livid black or stinking being touched it turns into a Cancer and overspreads the whole Face The Cure of it is performed by Medicaments by a Thred or by a Knife in the beginning those Medicines that are dry and astringent are most convenient Take Pomegranate-rinds flowers of Balaustians of each a dram Cadmia Fossilis two drams Crude Antimony Crocus Martis of each half a dram Mastick Mirrhe Loadstone Litharge of each a dram Make them into fine Powder These effecting nothing Exedents are to be us'd Take burnt Alom Bole-Armenick Balaustians of each three drams Make them into a Powder Another stronger Take Vitriol half an ounce Alom Pomegranate-rinds Galls of each two drams red Mirrhe burnt Birthwort of each a dram Make them into a Powder Another yet stronger Take Vitriol four ounces Alom Verdigreece of each half an ounce Vinegar six ounces Calcine them in a luted Vessel Another very effectual Take red and yellow Arsnick Alom Galls of each half an ounce Make them into fine Powder I have seen those Tumors totally eradicated by the water wherein Mercury sublimate is boiled But they seldom are cured by Medicine for the most part we use here an Instrument described by Sâ—nnertus and Aquapendens It may also be drawn forth with a pair of Forceps they may also be removed by a Thred if it can be conveniently put about it what remains may be cured by application of the Medicines but now mentioned 12. The Mouth is inflamed upon many Causes the chief are 1. The heat of the Blood 2. The acrimony and saltness of the Spittle 3. A Rheum from the Head generally there follows little Blisters and an Ulceration which not being carefully looked after turns to a Gangrene especially in Children after the small Pox and Measles in this case besides the common Means this is excellent Take Felix Wurtz his brown Ointment two drams Honey of Roses an ounce and half Spirit of Vitriol half a scruple Mix them 13. Under the Tongue happens a Rannula or Baetrachios a Tumor which is more frequently produced from Phlegm than from any other part of the Blood and it is often cured by this Powder Take Pepper Ginger of each a dram Sal Gemmae and common Salt of each two scruples wild Marjoram Calamint Orise-roots Hermodactils of each half a dram Mastick a scruple Make it into a Powder Strew it often upon the Tumor which if it goes not away open it in one or more places that the moisture may come forth and apply Honey of Roses to the Wound some in this case use an actual Cautery but I rather approve of a Launcet 14. For the Corruption of the Gums this Powder is good Take Roots of Comfrey Pomegranate-rinds of each a dram Frankincense Mirrhe white Vitriol of each half a dram burnt Vitriol a scruple Make it into a Powder 15. Epulis a Tumor of the Gums must be suddenly taken away by a Thred or Knife lest it should turn into a Cancer 16. For the taking off an ulcerated and rotten Uvula Bartholine hath described an excellent Instrument in his Anatomical Observations but it may be conveniently enough cut off with a pair of Scissers and the Bleeding may be stopt with Cyprus Vitriol Unguentum Aegyptiacum or the like is sufficient to perfect a Cure Fabritius Hildanus judiciously took it away by the help of a Thred which is to be imitated by them who fear an Incision CHAP. II. Of the internal Parts of the Head NOw we approach Palas's Tower which is sometimes empty and sometimes fill'd with Folly wherein if an ill mind be as it were a familiar Inhabitant Virtue must prudently look to it self but yet let it continue its Dominion whilst its Enemy in the mean time lurking in some corner shall no where be at quiet Before we can enter into it and look into the Brain there are two Curtains to be drawn open the Pia and Dura Mater The Dura Mater in the outside rougher than in the inside encompasseth the Brain very loosly lest its Arbitrary Motion should be hindred dividing the same by the help of certain foldings which is call'd Falx into the right and left part and also separating it from the Cerebellum In this Falx are always
in one days space with compound Ointment of Marshmallows the watry matter being suckt out by a Woman or Whelp but this discharge being neglected or delayed every day the Breast grows harder and harder nay becomes enflamed then Bleeding Purging Sweating is requisite Outwardly this Cataplasm may be applied Take meal of Marshmallows of Fenugreek of each an ounce Flowers of Elders Camomile of each an handful red Roses two pugils Crums of course Bread an ounce and half Boil them in Ale adding to them of Rose-Vinegar an ounce Make a Cataplasm The Flux of Humors and Pain being ceased the remaining may be discussed by the following Cataplasm Take Meal of Beans of Linseed and Fenugreek-seed of each an ounce Cummin-seed three drams boil them in Wine adding to it compound Ointment of Marshmallows Oyl of Camomile of each half an ounce Make it into a Cataplasm When it begins to apostumate Maturatives are to be used Take Leaves of Mallows Marshmallows of each a handful Powder of Linseed an ounce of Fenugreek-seed an ounce and half Leaven half an ounce boil them in Milk adding to them Vnguentum Basilicon an ounce Saffron a scruple Make it into a Cataplasm The Tumor being suppurated must be opened with a Caustick or what is better with a Launcet and put a Tent into it dipt in common Balsom of Brimstone until the end of the Cure laying upon the Breast Emplastrum Diasulphuris Bulandi 3. A Gibbosity ariseth from the spine of the Back when the Vertebra's are removed outwardly or of one side from their natural place which is occasioned sometimes by an External Cause some by an Internal especially when some pituitous Humor is collected about them this Humor must be taken away by discussive Oyl and Plaisters before what is started out can by a Steel-compress fitted to the Body of the Patient be reduced This reduction is not so much performed by the Compress as it is by the Emollient quality of the Iron For this reason it is necessary that the Patient though cured for a year or more after use another Bandage that the soft Bones may not again start out It is here likewise to be observed that in the middle of the Back about the seventh Vertebra with great success may an Issue be made to intercept Rheums flowing to the Hip Kidneys Feet c. CHAP. II. Of the Internal Parts of the Thorax THe Breast now comes to be opened that we may view the Fountain of Life which the Celestial Truth affirms to consist in the Blood for what reason is it therefore that the Sovereign Sanguification is not attributed to the Heart where every where and by all it is call'd the Original of Life Within the Breast is invested by the Pleura which is afterward doubled and at length quadrupled extending it self from the Vertebra's to the Sternum and then it is called Mediastinum dividing the Lungs and Thorax Near to the Throat there adheres to the Mediastinum a Glandulous Body call'd Thymus The Lungs drawing in the Air so cooling the Heart is furnished to this purpose with a Trachea Aspera Arteria or Wind-pipe this lies upon the Gullet and consists of Cartilaginous Rings and a double Membrane The outermost of these Membranes which is the thinner ariseth from the Pleura the innermost which is the thicker from the Dura Mater The annulary Cartilages are joyned together with Ligaments and make not a perfect Circle as being destitute of a fourth part that lies upon the Gullet The Wind-pipe distributes Branches through the whole Lungs which are strong enough but not at all Cartaliginous The Lungs themselves covered with a thin porous Tunicle consist of a soft red spongy substance In the fore-part they adhere to the Sternum in the back-part to the Vertebra's filling the greatest part of the Breast It hath seven lesser Vessels of which we shall speak in their places The Heart the Work-house of the Blood the Fountain and Origin of Life as the Sacred Writ it self also witnesseth is included in a certain Case call'd by Anatomists Pericardium It consists of two Membranes the outermost comes from the Mediastinum the innermost from the Vessels of the Heart it contains a clear watry Liquor void of all Acrimony which we no longer doubt of to be brought from the Ductus's of the Limpha The Heart it self consists of a fleshy serene and hard substance which is invested with a proper Tunicle furnished with Fibres of all sorts and like a Muscle is continually moved It is placed in the middle of the Breast but the point of it inclines sometimes to the left side In Figure it is like to a Pine-Apple having in its upper part two Auricles or little Ears which alwayes beat before the Heart it self In old people the right Auricle is bigger than the left which in Infants is the contrary in the throwing forth of the Blood the Auricles as well as the Heart it self are purst together and dilated as often as they take in the Blood and this Constriction and Dilation makes the Pulse For the concoction reception and throwing forth of the Blood it hath two Cavities and four Vessels The Cavities are distinguished by a fleshy Division in which I could not yet find any way appointed for the motion of the Blood out of the right Ventricle into the left although many Anatomists do certainly affirm it These Cavities are divided into the right and left the right which is the greater receives the Vena Cava and Arteria pulmonalis or Vena Arteriosa the left which is the least receives the Arteria aorta or great Artery and Vena pulmonalis or Arteria venosa Of these Vessels as also of the Nerves and Chylous passages or the Thoracick lacteal Veins we have treated of in the first Book Under the Wind-pipe in the Cavity of the Breast lies the Oesophagus or Gullet resting upon the Vertebra's About the fifth Vertebra of the Back it inclines a little to the right side that it may give way to the Arteria aorta unto the eleventh Vertebra thence with a straight Ductus it passeth the Diaphragm into the lower Belly It consists of a double Membrane the outermost is fleshy having streight and round Fibres the innermost transverse and oblique Many add to these a third from the Peritonaeum and rightly in my opinion The Diaphragm in nature of a Fan serving to respiration divides the Thorax from the Abdomen and adheres to all the Bastard-Ribs to the Cartilage of the Breast-bone about the Vertebra's sending two fleshy Processes to the lower parts Its edges round about are fleshy variously movable like a Muscle but its Center Membranous and very sensible It hath three perforations 1. In the middle of it through which the Vena Cava passeth 2. In the left side through which the Gullet with the adjacent Nerves 3. About the Vertebra's for the passage of the Arteria aorta with the Vena azygos It receives more Nerves than any other part of
of some Humor which renders the Cure very difficult For this I commend the often praised Restorative Powder 3. A great Tendon is inserted in the Calcaneus or Bone of the Heel which being wounded or much contused brings Convulsions and death it self About this place comes Kibes whose cause is intense cold or heat with driness Here first are observed Fissures in the Skin then follows an Ulceration All fat things and Plaisters profit here especially the following Take Powder of Galls of round Birthwort of each half a dram red Lead a dram Mercury sublimate six grains Litharge Mirrhe of each a dram and half Camphire a scruple Franckincense two drams green Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister In the room of green Wax you may take the Fat of Deer or of Rams 4. The Fingers or Toes being frozen must be rubb'd with Snow or with a bruised frozen Turnep then this following Plaister is much commended Take Hogs-grease fresh Oyl of Olives of each an ounce white Wax two ounces boil them a little and make a Plaister 5. Issues are often made in the Joynts we have formerly declared the place In the Arms between the Muscle Deltois and Biceps in the Thigh two fingers breadth above the Knee in the inside in the Leg the uppermost two fingers breadth below the Knee the lowermost two fingers or three above the Ankle That you may make these Issues without pain instead of a Conclusion take this Caustick which works without pain which is also very much to be commended in sordid and cancerous Ulcers and in Excrescencies Take Crude Brimstone white Arsnick Crude Antimony of each two ounces the Brimstone being melted by a gentle fire and stirred about with a Spatula add the Arsnick and Antimony powdred and mix them whilst they are incorporated with the Brimstone and look red Afterwards Take of this Mixture an ounce Caput mortuum of Vitriol half an ounce Mix them and make a Powder let it be washt six times in Spirit of wine and dried for your use A TREATISE OF THE PLAGUE THE Plague is a Disease whose nature is not to be comprehended by us the Cause thereof seems to proceed from a Spirituous and Infectious Vapour which is powerful enough to make a sudden dissolution of the consistence of the Blood by which means the Heart is deprived both of strength and life I do assert that the Nature of it is not to be comprehended by us as well because it is a Punishment inflicted on us by the immediate hand of Almighty God who vouchsafes not that his Incomprehensible Wisdom and Essence which is sometimes faintly described to us should be narrowly pryed into by his creatures as also that it is in it self so mutable that if we should seriously recollect our selves and recount the several Pestilences wherewith all former Ages have been visited we shall not thereby be able to instance in two of that whole number which have agreed with each other in all circumstances From whence we may easily infer that in the Cure of this Disease an Experienced Physician may much more safely follow the Dictates of his own Reason than adhire strictly to the Method Prescriptions of others For although it doth sometimes by the more remarkable symptoms sufficiently evidence it self yet we cannot likely discover its Nature and Essence although we should the most industriously attempt it But that we may cautiously enquire into it we must know that it is sometimes not accompanied by any Fever And it is necessary that what Physician soever is ignorant of this should either by perusing good Authors or his own Experience acquaint himself throughly with it I have been sent for to several Patients my self who although they appeared otherwise in good health not refusing their meat nor disturb'd in their sleep have nevertheless had Buboes arising in their Groin on their Neck under their Arm-pits or behind their Ears which have apparently discovered a greater Malignity than could be discerned in those Buboes which in other persons have been attended by a violent Fever And many hereupon who have been incredulous and lightly regarded the cautions which I have given them upon this account have with great danger to themselves experimented that as soon as those Buboes have sunk down the Pestilential Symptoms which have appear'd have been very dreadful and much more dangerous than in those that have carefully used the means prescribed to them who have been also much more easily and speedily cured than the other Sometimes the Plague is accompanied with a Fever and again there are some Pestilent Fevers without the Plague To distinguish this Fever from the Plague I used to observe that they that are seized with it complain of pain in their Head and Stomach which sometimes is dispersed over the whole Body sometimes it confines it self to the Arm-pits the Neck the Parts behind the Ears or to the Groin To outward appearance there is not the least swelling If the Patient by such means as is requisite be provoked to sweat at the beginning of the Disease the pain utterly ceaseth and in a few dayes he will be perfectly restored to his health the Disease not having at all discovered it self by any outward Symptoms Why such a Fever should be accounted a Species of the Plague I see no reason But there is no one but will confess it to have seized on that Body on which Buboes Carbuncles and Spots do outwardly appear The cause of the Plague is either Internal or External but unto which soever we impute it it is necessary to conclude that there is in it a power of dissolving the natural Consistence of the Blood and depriving the whole Body of its strength As to the Inward Cause which is Meat and Drink it is evident to all that it cannot produce in any Body whatsoever so great sudden a change but it is most certain that by a long continued course of bad Diet the Blood may by degrees be after such a manner dissolved weakned and corrupted that some part of it assuming to it self a malignant quality a man may be surprized by a sudden Disease sometimes be deprived of life it self which hath been observed in sick persons at several times when there hath been no contagion in the place nor any suspected who have been troubled with perfect Buboes and other Symptoms of the Plague much more intolerable than others have been at any time when the Air hath been infected As to the outward Causes every one confesseth that there are such but their Nature is known but to few The Chymists who are able by the force of Fire distinctly to separate the Parts of simple Drugs endeavour to find the Original of the Contagion in a Volatile Salt which suddenly dissolves the fixed Salt of the Blood which hath indeed some appearance of truth though it will not be relished by all men If you enquire into the Cause hereof from others their
answer will be various but most of them very idle and impertinent It hath by some been thought probable that a Plague might proceed from the Heavens they affirming that the Stars do actuate the Subluminary Bodies both by the influence of their Light and by several other qualities inherent in and peculiar unto them But the Conjectors raised from hence are very uncertain and the foundation of them unsecure We are not ignorant of the Fopperies of Astrology and of the vanity of those Predictions which have no other Foundation than the several Courses the Conjunction and Opposition of the Stars which are all so frivolous that we cannot think it worth our labour to refute them We acknowledge that the Air may be several ways corrupted from whence the Vapors which have been received from the Earth are sent down again amongst us which like Fire may inkindle our Blood Corrupt waters Carcasses either not at all buried or else shallowly interred the South-wind which may be supposed to promote the Putrefaction Men already infected successively imparting the Contagion to the sound by that means spreading the Venom through the Bodies of Men the Air itself This Pestilential Infection may likewise for a long time lie couched and concealed in Straw or Stubble amongst Garments Hangings and the Furniture of Beds which we have sometimes observed strangely to impart their Malignity to those that have handled them or approached unto them But all these things only inform us of the means by which this Pestilential Poyson is conveyed unto us but no one hath as yet declared what it is and wherein its Nature doth properly consist The Symptoms of it are these The sick persons are seized with a shivering all over their Body which is presently followed with an inward heat which is oft-times very intense yet without any great thirst somtimes the thirst is excessive the Fever moderate But whether the heat of the Fever be great or small it is most commonly accompanied with a dryness of the Tongue an Urine of the same constitution which you might expect from a man in perfect health They are taken sometimes with a great drowsiness sometimes with a Dilirium or with an excessive pain in the Head in this case the white of the Eyes appeareth of a Saffron-colour they are more wakeful than is consistent with their ease quiet great pain at the Heart the Pulse seems small if not at first when you touch it lightly for then it oftentimes appears to beat high yet at least when you press it closely with your Fingers The strength fails in the beginning of the Disease decreaseth much more visibly than in the most burning Fever which hath no Malignity attending it Some are taken with a Diarrhaea which can by no means be stopt Others bleed much at the Nose the Eyes the Ears or Mouth some at the Yard or Womb. Some are troubled with a continual Vomiting others with a Nauseousness On some Bodies there appear red or purple spots on others Buboes behind their Ears on their Neck under their Chin in the Groin and under the Arm-pits In some there break forth red Wheals or Pushes in others white Bladders or Carbuncles And wheresoever these Bladders Buboes Carbuncles c. do appear they are a most certain sign of the Plague although the bigness of them may be inconsiderable especially if they either accompany or are Consequents of a Fever As to the Prognosticks we must consider that the Plague is a very treacherous Disease and whilst it flatters us most it intends us the greatest mischief A Bubo is less dangerous than a Carbuncle and a Carbuncle than the Spots which very seldom portend less than present death wheresoever they are display'd A Bubo behind the Ears on the Neck or under the Arm-pits is more dangerous than that in the Groin Carbuncles on the Hands and Feet may by some be thought less pernicious because they are more remote from the Heart but since they happen amongst many Nerves and Tendons they are more to be feared than those which appear in other parts of the Body which are better covered with flesh A Carbuncle arising after a Bubo is a sign of Death If a Bubo or Carbuncle appear before the Fever there is less danger than if they follow it at a distance and arise slowly A blew Circle encompassing the Bubo the second day after its appearance is a sign of Death If a Bubo suddenly disappears the state of the Patient is dangerous unless Nature dispatcheth the Malignant Humour to some other Part. Thus we have often observed that upon the retreat of that Morbifick Matter which hath caused a Bubo in the Groin there hath appeared a Gangrene in the Foot and on the same side which was before affected and many have by that means escaped If a Cupping-glass applied to the Patient raiseth no Blister we may reasonably conclude his condition to be desperate It is an infallible sign of Death if after Cauterization or the application of a Cupping-glass the Carbuncle abates not in 12 or 24 hours as likewise if there is no moisture proceeding from it but if a Bladder appears or any separation of the matter be made which is so much the better by how much it is the greater with a sufficient purulency the Patient is then past danger A Carbuncle which seems to have a little tail or push at the end of it is very dangerous as are likewise those which look white which unless the Fever doth very much abate are certain forerunners of Death If the Patient that hath a Bubo in his Neck or behind his Ears be troubled with a pain in his Throat and a difficulty in swallowing and no considerable Inflammation appear we have always found it a certain Rule that in this case he outlives not 12 or 15 hours Sleep more sound than ordinary Diliriums waking often in the night inflammation of the Eyes pain at the Heart a trembling and convulsion of the Joynts are all very dangerous Symptoms but do not always portend Death A great Fever without a pain at the Heart is not so dangerous as a lesser which is accompanied with that Symptom The greatness of the danger may sometimes be judged from the great dryness of the Tongue If by the administration of Sudorificks Sweat is not provoked the Patient usually miscarrieth A Flux of Blood was heretofore held dangerous in all Plagues but in our Age all that can either bleed at the Nose or have their Menstrua's come off safe We have no president of any that have pissed Blood but a Dissentery is the sign of an approaching Death It is very certain although it but seldom happens that incurable Carbuncles do break out about the Eyes Nose Stomach even amidst the Entrails themselves If they seize on the Bladder they become mortal to the Patient and put him to excessive pain I can instance only in one who after he had for
30 hours or more been troubled with the Spots at length after exceeding great pain accompanied with a Delirium he voided first Blood and after that a purulent matter through his Yard by which means he was restored to his health I conjectured that there was a Carbuncle in the case which seized not on the Membranous part of the Bladder but on the Neck thereof As to the Cure Blood-letting is very prejudicial to those that already have the Plague and dangerous to such that would prevent it The Poison oftentimes lies hid within the Bâ—dy for some dayes weeks or months before â—â— discovers it self by seizing on the conveyances of the Blood Wherefore I would advise you seriously to consider if by opening a Vein you invite it immediately to the Heart whether the diminution of Blood Spirits and Strength which is effected by this means be not the Cause why the Heart is suffocated and deprived of that vigour which it should make use of to repulse the Enemy I confess some Experienced Physitians of good credit have reported that in hot Countries there is no better means for restoring a Patient visited with the Plague unto his health than that of opening a Vein provided it be done cautiously and at the beginning of the Disease but whosoever have attempted it in colder Climates have quickly learnt by experience that it ought to be forborn Purging which is oftentimes very necessary in other gentle Diseases is excluded by the Malignity of this But every one is not quick-sighted enough to discern when it is requisite to be done and when to be forborn Moreover it is evident that in a Malignant Disease the Physick which is administred to a Patient ought to be more mild and gentle than at other times for besides that the Body cannot then bear strong purgations a Dysentery is oftentimes the consequence of them I have when I have been fully perswaded that there was no Malignity in the Disease oftentimes used this or some such like Potion with good success viz. Take Rhubarb a dram and half Senna two drams Cream of Tartar a dram Scorzonera-Roots half an ounce Aniseeds half a dram Boil them in Holy-Thistle-Water and to three ounces of the strained Liquor and Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb six drams Spirit of Salt a little Confection of Alkermes a scrupel Make it into a Potion I never adventured to prescribe any thing Purgative to such as have been taken with the Plague before the fourteenth day at which time the Fever and the other Symptoms of the Disease would be abated There are some who have attempted it while the Carbuncles remain purulent and before the Bubo is perfectly cured But I dare not advise any one to follow that Method whatsoever Remedies they administer at the same time which may be intended specifically against the Plague But if it happen that the Patient for several days be very costive and troubled with a pain at his heart and hopes to be relieved by Purgation It is to be considered that the Venom of the Disease and not the Costiveness is the cause of the pain at the Heart it is therefore most requisite to make use of Sudorificks to corroborate the Heart and not to concern your self for the costiveness of the Body but if you desire to open it a little it is better to make use of a Suppository than a Glyster which is not altogether so safe but hath been prejudicial to many on this occasion and to others it hath done but little good and not at all opposed the Malignity of the Disease But to such as will not take this advise which hath been very confirmed by experience and several good Reasons and will still persist to make use of Glysters it is fit however that they forbear to prescribe Scammony as an Ingredient especially to Women in the time of their Flowers Juleps are in this case very necessary but all persons may not make use of them nor any at all times I am never wont to prescribe them without joyning with them some Sudorificks which will appear hereafter and this I take to be the safest course for if the sick person should make use of such things only as refrigerate while he sweats freely the Sweat would oftentimes strike inward and the Venom would be conveyed to the Heart from whence would follow sudden Death There is no means more requisite than that of Diaphoreticks and Cordials especially those that are acid which produce such effects as are certain and therefore the more laudable for they rectifie the Mass of Blood and free it from the venom which infects it They dissolve the pituitous Matter which is lodged in the Stomach and the Entrails and correct the Choler which in this Disease is the cause of much mischief Nevertheless the several disguises of this Disease and the vanity of the Symptoms which attend it do require that they should be often changed since when the Disease is more gentle those things are not to be used which would do good service in an accute one Medicaments against the Plague Roots of Zedoary Butter-Bur Angelica Ditamny Galangal Vipers-grass Gentian Master-wort Lovage Burnet Orrise Florentine and ours China Sarsaparilla Leaves of Rue Scordium Sage Holy-Thistle Swallow-wort Wormwood Southern-wood Centuary the lesser Valerian Sorrel Fluellin Balm Marjoram Rosemary Thyme Mint Flowers of Borage Bugloss Violets Roses Marrigolds St. John worts Rosemary Indian-Spikenard Jesamy Seeds of Citrons Oranges Rue St. Johns wort Anise Coriander Lovage Fruits Citrons Oranges Walnuts Figs sharp Cherries Pippins Ribes sowre Pomegranates Barberries Spices Musk Ambergreece Civet Benjamin Storax Calamita Cinamon Mace Nutmegs Cardamums Camphire Animals or their parts Flesh of Vipers Mummy Serpents Quails Thrushes Harts-horn Unicorns-horn Bezoar Stone of an Indian Hog Ivory Castor Precious Stones and Earths the Jacinth Granate Emerald Ruby Carbuncle Pearls Coral Bolearmenick Earth of Lemnos and Seal'd Gold Silver Salts Common brought lately from the River Nile which moveth Sweat most powerfully of Scordium of Wormwood Rue Self-heal Holy-Thistle Vitriolated Tartar Bezoarticum Minerale Threacle of Andromacus's Diatesseron Mithridate of Damocratis Diascordium of Fracastorius Confection of Alkermes of Hyacinth Species Liberantis Electuaries of the Egg Rob. of Currans of Barberies Conserves of Balm Mint Rosemary-Flowers Borage Bugloss Marigold-Flowers Troches of the Juice of Barberries of Citrons Out of all which you may make choice of such as you judge most fit for the purpose The Writings of Authors who have treated of this Disease will give you an account of other Compounds out of which you may chuse such as please you best I shall here propound such only as I have found to be most efficacious and which I shall constantly make use of till by experience I shall discover some others whose nature is more excellent and that the use of them may the more plainly appear I shall premise some Medicaments that some years since were prescribed by my self and those Learned Men Dr. Francis Sylvius
it be not given cold lest Gripings Flux and a pain at the Heart such like Maladies should be caused thereby To such who have weak stomachs a pain at their heart I do use to give the liberty when their Fever abates to drink Mosel or Rhenish-wine with Sugar the juice of Limons provided that they take it in a moderate quantity But I believe they do err very much who prescribe to their Patients whilst the Fever continues still very high some sort of French Wine either alone by it self or mixt with their Sudorificks That Oriental Stone call'd Lapis Porcinus or Pedro Porco is of very great use if it be steeped for a while in your ordinary Drink for it strongly provokes Sweat and very much refresheth the Heart This Stone if I mistake not is generated in the Gall of an Hog for it is exceeding bitter and though it be very hard yet every time it is infused it abates somewhat of its quantity which is discoverable by the Tincture which it imparts to the Liquor Nor is the Gall of a man sometimes void of such Stones which are like unto those taken out of an Hog in savour hardness and colour and we might find them too perhaps in their efficacy likewise if we thought fit to make trial of them This Fever is often accompanied with drowsiness which forbids the use of the principal Sudorificks such as Treacle Mithridate Diascordium c. because there is Opium in their composition which makes them not so effectual for the preventing of sleep It is more requisite to use this following which is agreeable for dispelling the Vapours which infect the Head and the heat about the Heart Take Salt of Rue of Scordium Prunella of each half a scruple Vitriolated Tartar 8 grains our Prophylactick Water an ounce Balm-water as much as sufficeth Syrup of Betony an ounce Mix them for a draught Let Sweat be thereby provoked and let it be the care of the Attendants that after the first or second day the Patient may be kept from sleep if it be found that he hath strength to bear it There is sometimes joyn'd with the Fever continual Watchings and a great pain of the Head I do not use to be much concerned for the watchings although it should continue for the first three days without intermission for it often falls out that by the use of Sudorificks only the pain is the first day abated on the 2d becomes tolerable and on the third is quite taken away Opium hath in it the virtue of causing Sweat and is a great Ingredient in Treacle Diascordium and Mithridate which without it would not in my judgment have that Sudorifick quality for which they are now noted It is also reckoned by several Authors amongst those Medicines which are famous for dispelling of Poison whose use is very requisite in all malignant Fevers nor do I believe that there can any other Medicine be named which gives so present relief to the Patient as Opium concerning the operation whereof they are able to give a better account who have been frequent and curious in the use of it I have sometimes in this case though contrary to Custom given it sparingly when I have found the sick person not to sleep in the first second or third days But when he hath waked for six or seven days together and found a great decay of strength this following Prescription taken every quarter of an hour by a spoonful till sleep hath seized on him hath afforded great relief and the sleep produced thereby hath been undisturbed and of long continuance Take our Prophylactick-water an ounce half Borage-water an ounce Cinamon-water three drams Confection of Hyacinth a dram Lozenges of Sugar pearl'd three drams Laudanum Opiat two grains Mix them You may safely make use of Opium after the manner before mentioned but in Gachectick infirm Bodies whosoever gives it too boldly or is fearful of prescribing it at all discovers that he understands not its Virtue and Efficacy Before I come to the use of Opiat Laudanum I endeavour to ease the pain of the Head by these following viz. by applying Ground-Ivy bruised to the nape of the Neck and to the soles of the Feet and palms of the Hands this or some such like Composition Take Leaves of Rue a handful and half sowre Leaven two ounces Pigeons dung an ounce common Salt half an ounce Elder-Vinegar as much as sufficeth to make it into a Poultice to be applied to the soles of the Feet and palms of the Hands Or Take Bolearmenick seal'd Earth common white Chalk of each half an ounce Vinegar of Marigolds as much as sufficeth Apply it as before To the Forehead I have often applied the Powder of Cloves moistened with the Spirit of Wine for I take Vinegar to be hurtful as are also all Emulsions Vomiting and the Hiccough is another symptom of the Plague It hath been observed by several who have been so curious as to open Bodies which have died of the Plague that Carbuncles have often appear'd in the Stomach and amongst the Entrails whose testimony is not to be rejected since it is so agreeable both to Reason and Experience These If they are not the Cause of the Vomiting and Hiccough may be easily removed by a spoonful of this following Preparation taken cold every quarter of an hour Take Mint-water our Prophylactick-water of each an ounce and half Cinamon-water half an ounce Confection of Hyacinth a dram Salt of Coral a scruple Syrup of Myrtles half an ounce Rose-Julep half an ounce Mix them By the use hereof the Vomiting is usually stay'd especially if the Stomach be sometimes anointed with this following Oyl Take Oyl of Nutmegs by Expression a dram and half Oyl of distill'd Mace half a dram Oyl of Wormwood a dram Mix them In the mean while let the sick person forbear to drink too plentifully and as soon as the Vomit is stayed let him make use of some good Sudorifick Another Symptom of the Plague is a great Flux which is usually a sign that Death approacheth but when the sick person hath not voided meer blood nor any thing of a bloody substance I have sometimes found these following Prescriptions to be successful Let him abstain from all things that are either acid or salt which except in this case are of great use in the Plague and likewise from drinking much But if his thirst be so exceeding great that he cannot bear it let him take one two or three spoonfuls of this following Mixture Take Tormentil-Roots an ounce Red Roses a handful Shaving of Harts-horn a dram Seeds of Sorrel and Mirtle of each a dram Boil them in Smiths water and to nine ounces of the Liquor add of the Confection of Hyacinth a dram Syrup of Mirtles an ounce Mix them Many have also from Treacle alone received great benefit by swallowing a little of it every four hours till they have taken the quantity of a dram as likewise
from this following taken by spoonfuls Take Fracastorius his Diascordium two drams Amber half a scruple red Coral prepared Dragons blood of each a scruple prepared Pearls half a scruple Fennel-water an ounce Plantane and Rose-water of each an ounce and half Syrup of Comfery of Fernelius an ounce Mix them Clysters of an astringent drying emollient quality given twice or thrice in a day have likewise in this case been found very necessary Take Roots of Comfrey the greater an ounce Bistort and Tormentil Roots of each three drams Oak-leaves half a handful Flowers of Balaustians Red Roses of each a pugil Aniseeds three drams boil them in Cows Milk that hath been burnt to into 8 ounces of Liquor dissolve of Venice Turpentine two drams one Yolk of an Egg white Troches of Rhasis a dram Honey of Mercury half an ounce of Roses an ounce Make a Clyster The Bathing of the Belly with the Lees of white or rather of red Wine and the applying to it afterward a warm cloth three or four times doubled have by some been found to be of singular benefit or else the Ointment and Plaister following may be made use of Take Oyl of Mastick of exprest Nutmegs of each a dram Oyl of Dill Wormwood Myrtles of each two drams old Treacle three drams Mix them Take Bolearmenick Franckincense Mastick Dragons-blood of each two drams Mummy three drams Powder of Galls a dram half Seeds of Carrots Lovage Anise Myrtles of each a scruple Oyl of Nutmegs by expression three drams Venice-Turpentine as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister And thus much may suffice to have been spoken concerning the inward Symptoms of the Plague the outward are three the Spots call'd Petechiae the Bubo and the Carbuncle The Spots can hardly any other way be better removed than by inward Remedies but they do usually portend some mischief The Bubo I am wont to deal with after this manner following At the first appearance of it and although the swelling hath arrived to no considerable height I draw a Blister without making use of Cupping-glasses which by reason that they cause a great deal of pain create a Fever draw unto them both the good bad Humors cause a greater alteration than was before in the Blood I do utterly lay aside After 7 or 8 hours cutting the Blister I apply unto that part a Magnetick Plaister of Arsenick the virtue whereof is so great that I know not any more excellent which will appear to whomsoever shall make use of it the account of it out of Hartman and Agricola is as followeth The Magnetick Arsenical Plaister Take Crude Antimony yellow Brimstone white Arsenick of each two ounces When you have beat them very small let them be put into a Viol covered in Sand to which you must apply fire till they are all melted appear to be of a dark red colour when it is cool it may be taken out of the Vessel and this is that which they call the Arsenical Magnet and hath not in it any thing of Poyson as it may be easily experimented upon Dogs afterwards Take Gum Sagapenum Ammoniacum Galbanum of the Arsenical Magnet of each three drams Turpentine of the Larch-tree Wax of each half an ounce Oyl of Amber two drams Dulcified Earth of Vitriol a dram Let the Gums be dissolved in the strongest Wine-Vinegar and strained through a Linnen Cloth let them after that be boiled up to their former consistence then melt the Wax and the Turpentine together by themselves when you have taken them off from the fire stir them well till you have brought them to the consistence of an Ointment then add to them the Gums beforementioned the Arsenical Magnet together with the Earth of Vitriol and Oyl of Amber you will have that plaister which is most effectual for drawing forth all sorts of Poyson I have found the virtue of this Plaister to be such that if it be applied to those parts where the Skin is somewhat hard it leaves not the least sign of a Scar and yet doth so plentifully draw forth the malignant Humor that a Bubo of the bigness of a Walnut will in the space of 5 or 6 days be utterly taken away but because it doth not always so suddenly produce this Effect it is often very necessary to raise a Blister for evacuation of the Humors And it is observable that in some strong Bodies it causeth no Escar at all unless when the Blister hath corroded not only the outward but also the inward Skin But in Children and more tender Bodies it will of it self cause an Escar although there be no Blister drawn before the application of it This Escar or Crust is the true seat of the Venom which is extracted is of that thickness especially considering that the Skin is but superficially corroded that it is well worth our while to consider it For I do believe that to be the reason why it is much sooner separated than other Crusts or Scars that are caused by Art for in the space of 24 or 36 hours if no Scarification hath preceded it may be easily taken off without any or at least with a very small pain if you make use of any Antipestilential Plaister and add unto it some Treacle or Vnguentum Basilicum or else the severing of the Escar may be very much promoted by this Ointment Take Virgins-Honey Ducks-greese of each an ounce Soot six drams Turpentine an ounce Yolks of two Eggs Treacle three drams Oyl of Scorpions as much as sufficeth to make it into an Ointment But if the Tumor is not sufficiently abated when the first Crust is taken off by the Arsenical Magnetick Plaister it is requisite that you create a second or third and then proceed as before The Ulcer may be consolidated by a Plaister of Minium of White Lead Diapompholigos or some such Remedy which drieth up the Humor and bringeth the Ulcer to a Cicatrice But we must observe this by the way that this Consolidation is not to be wrought too suddenly lest part of the poysonous Humor which still remains in the Body should cause some new Disease which may be fatal to the Patient For want of the Magnetick Plaister you may make use of this following if you take care first to raise a Blister the vertue whereof hath been found to be very great by several for the taking away of painful Scrophula's and the excellent qualities that are in it have made it famous by the name of The Divine Plaister Take Gum Galbanum an ounce Ammoniacum two drams Oppoponax three drams yellow Wax twenty ounces Oyl of Olives 24 ounces Litharge of Gold 17 ounces Olibanum two ounces Mirrhe Frankincense of each ten drams Verdigreece long Birthwort Mastick of each an ounce Bdellium Loadstone of each two ounces Make it according to Art into a Plaister If the Bubo is too protuberant or cleaves to the Tendon a Vesicatory is too weak but
and Sign pag. 116 Bubonocele pag. 33 Bullets their Extraction 73. Medicines for that purpose pag. 159 Burnings and their Cure pag. 190 C. CAncer its Difference Cause and Cure 122 of the Bone pag. 212 Carbuncle its Difference Cause pag. 121 Carpus pag. 210 Cartilage what 215. Swordlike 210. of the Breast-bent pag. 216 Cataract of the Eye the cause and removing it pag. 60 Catharticks pag. 112 Cautery Actual and Potential 37. Conveniency and Inconveniency pag. 44 69 Child dead the signs 75. It s Extraction pag. 74 The Glandules of the Chyle 253. It s motion by the Intestines pag. 254 Cholerick people how known pag. 203 Chilification its History pag. 153 154 Chirurgery what it signifies and the operations thereof pag. 1 Cicatrice or skars taken away pag. 244 Circocele pag. 33 Closing the Womb pag. 46 Comminution what pag. 2 Contra-Fissure what pag. 10 11 Contraction of the Member its cause pag. 236 Convulsion the Remedies pag. 256 Corrosives pag. 112 Cubit its Bones pag. 210 D. DIairesis what 2. Its parts Diaphoreticks pag. 36 Diaphragm and its parts pag. 308 Diarthrosis what pag. 208 Dislocation pag. 17 Dortos pag. 320 Dropsie Cause and Sign pag. 103 Dura Mater E. EAr Membrane thin and strong pain soreness 46 Its Bones pag. 209 Emphyma its Signs Cure pag. 54 Enarthrosis what pag. 208 Enterocele pag. 26 33 Epedymis pag. 320 Epigastrium pag. 311 Epiglottis indurated pag. 215 Epiploica pag. 226 Epulis pag. 292 Erysipelas its Cause Cure pag. 95 Excresis what pag. 2 Extention pag. 4 Extirpation of a dead part pag. 78 Extraneous Bodies how drawn out of a Wound pag. 157 Eye its parts Lids their Substance and Vse Iris pag. 274 F. FAce what pag. 268 Falx of the Dura Mater pag. 293 Fat whether part of the Body pag. 247 Fibre its Difference and Vse pag. 220 Fibula fractur'd pag. 16 Fissure what pag. 3 Fistula its Cause Signs and Cure 186. of the Breast 302. Lachrymalis pag. 285 Flesh what 237. Fleshy Rupture its Cure pag. 80 Focil its Dislocation pag. 23 Fracture what 2. It s Cause and Cure 3. Of the Skull 10. Of the shoulder of the Hip of the Jaw-bone of the Nose 13. of the Ribs of the Breast-bone of the Back-bone 14. of the Elbow of the Fibula of the Knee-pan 16. great and little pag. 334 Froenum or Bridle pag. 321 Frons pag. 268 G. GAngrene its Difference Causes pag. 126 Ganglion pag. 336 Gibbosity its Cause and Cure c. pag. 304 Ginglymus what pag. 208 Glandes pag. 333 Glandules of the Eye 274. Of the Chyle of the Loins 253. of the Neck pag. 263 Glotis straight wrong pag. 216 Gums pag. 278 H. HAir its shedding 249. Whether parts of the Body 247. Hare-Lip its Cure pag. 87 Hand pag. 266 Head what its Figure Parts c. 268. Wounds their Cure 172. Sores pag. 194 Heart its History 306. its Wounds pag. 174 Haemmorrage of the Nose how cured pag. 231 Herps its difference cause cure pag. 109 Hip-Bones Fractur'd pag. 14 Humors of the Eyes pag. 274 Hydrocele pag. 33 Hydrocephalus its Cure pag. 281 Hypocondria pag. 311 Hypogastrium Ibid. I. JAws their Bones pag. 270 Jejunum pag. 315 Iliack Passion pag. 324 Inflammation its cause and cure pag. 90 Infundibulum pag. 294 Internal Means pag. 1 Intestines 315. Intestines or Small Guts their Wounds pag. 157 Joynts what pag. 266 Iris of the Eye pag. 274 Issues when where and how made pag. 70 K. KIdneyes and their History 313 218 their Wounds pag. 176 Kings-Evil its Cause Sign Cure pag. 113 L. LAbour Natural and Preternatural its Cause pag. 74 Larinx cannot be inflamed pag. 216 Leeches their choice and use pag. 63 Leg pag. 210 Ligaments what and how many their Wounds and Wrenches pag. 217 Ligature pag. 5 Linea Alba pag. 312 Lips and their parts pag. 278 Liver its History its Vse 255 317 its Situation 312. its Ligaments 324. its Inflammations Vlcers Gangrene 325. its Wounds pag. 175 Loosness pag. 280 Lungs and its parts 306. their Wounds Signs Cure pag. 173 Lymphatick Vessels pag. 261 M. MAnual Operations pag. 1 Marrow of the Brain Spinal 293. of the Bones pag. 207 Matrix fallen down pag. 34 Mediastinum 305. its Cavity pag. 309 Medicines discussing Wind 108. against too great encrease of flesh corroding 257. Drawing or attractive 118. for a Cancer 124. provoking Sweat Cordials 128. Against a Gangrene 129. for the Eyes 138. against a Quinsie 143. stopping a flux of Blood 154. against Convulsions 156. against proud flesh 157. to draw forth Thornes Bones Bullets c. 159. Digestives 161 179. Sarcoticks 162 179. Vulneraries 162 Epulottick 164 179. against Wounds of the Nerves 166. Defensives 179. against Worms 181. against Corruption of the Bones 183. against spreading Vlcers 184. against Fistula's 188 against Burnings 191. Purging Choler 7. Purging Phlegm 8. purging Melancholy 9. Repelling 92. Resolving or Discussing 92. Suppuratives 93. Anodins 94. Emollients 102. Purging water 104. Cosmetick water of Minsickt 243. taking away Skars pag. 244 Meliceris its Cause Sign and Cure pag. 111 Membranes what and how many pag. 219 Mesentery and its History its Tumors Corruption Vlcer pag. 316 Metacarpus pag. 336 Metatarsus pag. 338 Mouth its Inflammation Vlcer Gangrene pag. 291 Muscle what c. pag. 237 N. NAils whether parts of the Body pag. 247 Nates of the Brain pag. 294 Nerves their Difference 233. their Coutusion its Cause and Cure pag. 234 Nodes pag. 214 Nose and its parts 277. Haemorhage how cured pag. 231 Nostrils broken pag. 13 Nymphae pag. 323 O. OCciput pag. 268 Oedema or Phlegmatick humor its Cause Sign Cure pag. 98 Omphalocele Navel-Rupture pag. 33 Opthalmia its Difference Cause Signs c. pag. 284 P. PAlate pag. 278 Palsie pag. 280 Paracentesis when in what place and how performed pag. 48 Paronychia its Cause Sign Cure pag. 133 Part of the Body what it is and its division 205 parts of the Body divided pag. 266 Patella or Knee-pan its Fracture pag. 16 Pericardium its parts and Liquor pag. 306 Pericranium what from whence pag. 268 Peritonaeum pag. 314 Pia and Dura Mater 292. their Wounds and Cure 295. its History pag. 292 Phlegmatick people how known pag. 203 Pixis pag. 312 Pexus Choroides pag. 294 Pleura its divers pains pag. 308 Physick and Physicians pag. 1 Pleurisie its cause and cure pag. 58 Polipus its cause and cure pag. 289 Poâ—rigo its cause pag. 280 Porus Biliarius pag. 318 Processus vermiformis of the Brain pag. 295 Prostataes pag. 320 Pudenda Virginam if clos'd how to be opened pag. 46 Pylorus pag. 315 Q. QVinsey its Cause Difference Sign pag. 141 Quintessence of Arsenick pag. 124 R. RAdius pag. 210 Ranula its Cause pag. 291 Rete Mirabile pag. 294 Ribs and their difference 210 302. Fractur'd 14 Dislocated pag. 23 Rostra pag. 210 Ruptures their Causes 26. Cure pag. 29 S. SAnguine persons how known pag. 202 Scarf-skin and Skin pag. 243 Scirrhus its Cause Sign
rhabarbaro Electuarum de succo Rosarum Electuarium Lenitivum Pulvis Sennae praep Brass-savoli Syrup of Roses solutive Pill Aggregativa Aureae Cochiae de Agarico Lucis majoris Ruffi Extract Rudii Species for Suppositories CLASSIS III. Electuaries and Powders strengthening the Heart and noble parts Aromaticum Rosatum Bolus orientalis Camphire Confect Alchermes de Hyacintho Prepared Coral Burnt Harts-horn prepared Cremor Tartari Diaireos Diamargaritum frigidum Diarrhodon Abbatis Diatragaganthum frigidum Diatrion Santalinum Flower of Brimstone Bezoar Stone Prepared Pearls Mithridate Meconium Vpium Laudanum Opiatum Ostrocolla prepared to be given inwardly Philonium Romanum Pulvis ad Epithemata cordis Shavings of Harts-horn Sal prunella Tartarum vitriolatum Seal'd Earth Theriac Londinens Andromachi Diatesseron CLASSIS IV. Aromaticks or Spices Calamus Aromaticus Cloves Cinnamon Saffron Gallingal Mace Nutmegs Pepper Sugar Ginger CLASSIS V. Distill'd Waters and the like Of Sorrel Aniseed Burrage Bugloss Marigold Cinnamon distill'd without Wine Bawlm Plantain Roses Aqua Vitae Absynthii Minthae Theriacalis Juices of Barberries Citrons Pomegranats Vineger of Roses Common Vineger CLASSIS VI. Syrups Of Sorrel Unripe Currans Barberries Bugloss Citrons Quinces Pomegranats Limons Liquorice Poppies Roses not laxative Dried Roses Violets Mel Rosarum Oxymel simplex scilliticum Diamoron CLASS VII Roots Of Marshmallows Angelica Birthwort long and round Bistort Briony Avens Onyons Succory Comfrey Sow-bread Elecampane Eringo Fennel Gentian Swallow-wort Orris White Lillies Liquorice Parsley Burnet Plantain Polypody Squills Tormentill CLASS VIII Herbs Wormwood common Roman Agrimony Ladies Mantle Jack by the hedge Marshmallows Leaves Flowers and Tops Betony Carduus benedictus Centaury Knotgrass Cuscuta Dittany of Crete Horsetail Eye-bright Fumitory St. Johns-wort Marjerome Balme Mint Mercury Nep. Origanum Plantane Self-heal Winter-green Ribwort Rosemary Rue Sage Sanicle Scabious Scordium Golden Rod. CLASS IX Flowers Of Dill. Betony Borrage Bugloss Marigold Camomile Pomegranats Melilot Primrose Roses Rosemary Sage Elder Mullein Violets CLASS X. Seeds Of Dill. Anise Caraways Coriander prepar'd Cummin Quinces Foenugrick French Barley Linseed Parsley Plantane Reddish Mustard CLASS XI Fruits Almonds Bay-berries Acorn-cups Figs. Preserved Cherries Quinces Galls Acorns Limons Lupins Oranges Pomegranats Mirtle-berries Cypress-Nuts Rose-cups Prunes Tamarinds Raisons CLASS XII Oyl Of Almonds sweet and bitter Dill. Aniseeds Balsom of Tolu Vigo's Balsom Oyl of Carawayseeds Cloves Wax Camomile Cinnamon Quinces Fennelseed St. Johns-wort Juniper-berries White Lillies Earth-worms Mastick Mint Myrtles Nutmegs Olives Roses Scorpions Turpentine Violets Yolks of Eggs. Petroleum Foxes Elder Linseed CLASS XIII Unguents Aegyptiacum Album Rhafis Apostolorum Aureum De Minio Camphoratum Defensivum Chalmetaei Dialtheae Diapompholigos Nicotianae Populeon Rosatum Ad Ambusta Hildani Basilicon Linimentum Arcei Martiatum CLASS XIV Fat 's Of Geese Beef Capons Deer Goats Men. Hens Hogs Bears CLASS XV. Plaisters Apostolicum Basilicum De Betonica Diapalma Diachilon simplex compositum De Melliloto De Mussilaginibus Oxycroceum De Ranis Paracelsus CLASS XVI Gums c. Ammoniacum Benjamin Wax white and yellow Colophony Elemni Euphorbium Mastick Myrrh Olibanum Pitch Stirax Calamita Turpentine Tragaganth CLASS XVII Minerals their like Alome crude burnt Antimony crude Arsnick Lime wash'd Ceruse Crocus Martis Gypsum Lapis Calaminaris Causticus Medicamentosus Crollii Sabulosus Lythargirium aureum argenteum Mercurius crudus Sublimatus Praecipitatus Nil praeparatum Niter crude prepar'd Burnt Lead Realger Seif album Brimstone Tutia prepared Vitriol crude and burnt CLASS XVIII Meals Of Bay-berries Beans Barley Lentiles Darnel Lupines Wheat Mill-dust Pulvis adsistendum sanguinem CLASSIS XIX Instruments Besides the above recited Medicines it is also most requisite that a Chirurgeon should be furnished with necessary Instruments without which he cannot perform his duty as he ought They may be divided into two sorts some to be fitted for a Box which he ought continually to carry about him in his Pocket these ought to be made small and little that they may neither load him nor afright the Patient the others are to be kept in the Chest whilst occasion calls for their assistance I never visited my Patients without a Box of Instruments in my Pocket in the which were contained the following A Razor A pair of Scissors Two Incision Knives Four Lancets to bleed withall A crooked Knife to open Apostems A Flegm to divide the Gums in the Tooth-ach An Extractor to take out forreign things out of Wounds A pair of Forceps for the same use Needles to stitch up great Wounds which are to be of different Sizes some great others small c. A stitching Quill which is used in stitching Wounds it ought to be of that length as to contain the Needles within its hollowness Wounds of the Fleshy parts only are to be stitcht nervous parts in no wise In wounds of the face I never use Needle but that which is called the dry stitch Spatula's great and little Probes Speculum oris one end of which in affects of the Jaws and Throat is to depress the tongue the other to scrape it Vvula-spoon A Burrus quill to sprinkle Powders upon Wounds or Ulcers A Hook single at one end and two at the other A Hone to set the Incision-Knives Lancets c. I had all these Instruments and many more made me by a skilful Artist in Silver which I used only within the Town Patients being less afraid of them than of Iron but at Sea and at Camps it is not so safe for a Chirurgeon to have them of Silver therefore they may be very conveniently made of Iron or Steel except the Probes which ought to be made of Lead Copper or Latin These Instruments a Chirurgeon ought always to have about him as also a Salvatory with six divisions which ought to be furnish'd 1. with unguentum Basilicon 2. with ung Aureum 3. Apostolorum 4. Nutritum 5. Album Rhasis the 6. with Rubrum Exsiccativum or de Minio it ought to be made of Horn or some solid wood as Ebony Guajacum or Box for Unguents are better preserved in wood than in Silver Copper c. It is also requisite that he hath about him in a Pewter Bottle some oyl of Roses to anoint any wounded part it easeth pain c. as also another pot with a digestive Thus much for the Instruments which a Chirurgeon ought to wear about him now follow the others and first of those that are us'd about the Head 1. Trepans by which the Skull is perforated in great Contusions to give passage to extravasated and concreted blood collected in the head 2. Levatories to raise the depressed skull 3. Scalpra's to scrape the carious skull 4. A great Speculum oris by which the Tongue in great inflammations of the Jaws and Throat is depress'd 5. Another speculum oris to force open the Mouth which as I have seen sometimes in spasmus's to be so close shut that a drop of Broth could not be poured in 6. Several Instruments to draw Teeth 7. And because sometimes in
eating a fish-bone or the like is fixt in the Throat and so would suffocate the person therefore it is necessary for a Chirurgeon to have in his Chest such an Instrument as I have described in the 36 Observation of the first Century but if he hath it not at hand let him forthwith make fast a piece of Spunge to the end of a Catheter and thrust it down the Throat 8. Instruments to draw forth Bullets from Gunshot-wounds of which there are divers set down by Authors I esteem that the most convenient whose Description you may see in the 88. Obs of the first Century 9. A great Saw for amputating great Members 10. A little Saw for the dismembring Fingers and Toes it not becoming a Rational Chirurgeon to separate them with Chissels as I have more largely shewn in my Treatise of a Gangrene c. chap. 17. 11. Because in amputating the greater part of Chirurgeons use a Knife it is convenient to have one well set and strongly fixt in a Handle 12. A crooked Knife its Description see in the above named book of a Gangrene 13. I in the taking off of Members instead of a Knife use a Cautery made in fashion of a Knife well edged and red hot its description is in the above named Treatise He ought likewise to have ready other Cauteries some larger others lesser some sharp others round which may be used to stop the flux of Blood after Amputation or other great and dangerous Hemorages 14. And because Souldiers from their debaucheries and impure copulation are oftentimes troubled with the running of the Reins Carbuncles and suppression of Vrine it is necessary a Chirurgeon should be provided with Catheters and Syrenges 15. For the reducing of Broken Bones and Dislocations there are several Instruments both by Hippocrates Orthasius and other Authors set down but I have always found in my practice the Instrument of Ambrose Parey which is with a Pulley the most convenient especially if you join to it the Girdle and Remora as in the 86. Observation of the fifth Century it is not only the most convenient but most useful Instrument for all Fractures and Dislocations except of the Fingers Ribs and Mandibles which are set by the hand alone it is also little and therefore not troublesome to carry about one 16. A Chirurgeon ought also to be provided with Splints of several bignesses some little others big according to the qualities of the members broken which ought to be made of thin pieces of Wood or of Scabbards He must be provided likewise with Mortars Sives Skillets to boyl Cataplasms in and also to mix up Oyntments and with Glyster-pipes whose use in Angina's wounds of the Head Fevers c. are very useful The Description and Cuts of the Instruments are given by Ambrose Parey Joh. Andreas à Cruce but because this should be a compleat Treatise of Chirurgery there is added to it several Copper-plates of the most useful Instruments for almost all operations but especially of all those that relate any way to the operations mentioned in this Book CLASSIS XX. Linnen Rowlers and the like THE Chest cannot be perfectly furnished if Linnen and the benefit received from it in the application of Medicines be wanting for what profit Medicaments though the most excellent without Linnen especially in great and dangerous fluxes of Blood fractures and dislocations of the Bones and in other accidents where there is danger in delay therefore you must have always in readiness Rowlers both large narrow and middle-sized Linnen cloaths doubled which we call Compressors or Boulster-pledgets of Tow. Lint which we use to apply Medicaments upon and to keep the lips of the Wounds asunder that they unite not again Tents also of Lint of prepared Spunges Gentian roots and the like which are to be of several sizes some big some little c. they ought to be prepared at leasure hours that they may be ready when occasion requires He must have also Spunges and Oxe-bladders which are necessary to tye down Pots and Glasses and also used in Amputation If a Sea or Land-Chirurgeon be furnished with the above recited things and have about him both faithful and expert Servants he will be able to give assistance to a whole Fleet or Army and preserve infinites from death Candid Reader I have been somewhat prolix in the setting down the Medicaments and other things by reason I designed to describe a most perfect and every way compleat furnished Chest but if thou art to furnish one at thy one particular charge thou mayst select out of them the most useful and necessary Medicaments but be sure likewise that it be so provided both with Medicaments and Instruments that out of it when occasion requires thou mayst be able to assist and relieve the Sick for what thou art imployed about here is neither Beast nor Pretious Stones but Man for whom the Son of God shed his pretious blood upon the Cross therefore if any thing be neglected it must be answered before the Almighty to whom an account of all our Actions must be render'd FINIS A BODY OF MILITARY MEDICINES EXPERIMENTED CHAP. I. Concerning the Morals of a Souldier WHereas the Old Philosophers wished to every one MENTEM SANAM IN CORPORE SANO a Sound Mind in a Sound Body considering how much it conduceth to the Health of the Body to have the Mind free from Vice and Vexation It will behove a Souldier as much at least as any man to endeavour after that Soundness and Integrity of conscience which may inspire him with true Fortitude undisturbed from the troubles and anxieties accompanying Impiety and Injustice To this end he ought in the first place be constant in paying his Duties to Almighty God by serving Him in publick and private by imploring the Divine protection and blessing in all his Just undertakings and by returning his humble acknowledgments for every good success Next he ought to serve his Prince faithfully to the best of his skill and power to obey his Officers readily and to do to all others as he would be done to if he were in their condition CHAP. II. What care a Souldier is to take of his Body THe Mind being thus taken care of thou art to advise with a skilful Physician concerning thy Body whether it be not necessary to purge it the better to secure thy self from Agues and Fevers Then furnish thy self with some Mithridate or Treacle to use it against Infection taking of it in the morning fasting against the ill Air the quantity of a Hasel-Nut Take also with thee a quantity of Zedoary Angelica Imperatoria or Masterwort and Carlina of which thou shalt do well now and then to eat some for the preservation of thy strength and against the corruption of the Air. But especially keep thy Head and Feet warm by the neglect of which thou maist cast thy self into great danger Take heed of surcharging the stomach which is to prepare and to convey the
Hungarian Sickness and other venomous and infectious Diseases To young People you may give a lesser quantity and proportionably you are to lessen the Dose for Women with Child or in Child bed and little Children Besides take notice of the Powder of Doctor Hessius which hath been used with great benefit and is thus prepared Take a drachm of Sugar-candy a quarter of an ounce of pulverised Ginger and a drachm of Camphir reduce all to a fine Powder give of it to the infected Patient the weight of a drachm in Vinegar mingled with the Water of Marigold flowers Scabious or Sorrel and sweat upon it If you have none of these Waters then look that the Vinegar be not too sharp and to that end dilute it with some Wine and Water Mean time though in this case I highly value Camphir yet in stead of Ginger I would use Zedoary Saxifrage Carlina or Imperatoria or the true Petasites or Butter-burr Again Brimstone is none of the meanest Remedies in these infectious cases for it preserves the Body from Putrefaction Wherefore take of the noble Flowers of Sulphur a quarter of an ounce being sublimed from Colcothar add to it one scruple of Camphir an ounce of the Spirit or Oyl of Cyprian or Venetian Turpentine Put all this into a Glass-head lute it well and put it upon hot Sand or Ashes whereby the Oyl of Turpentine will come to open the Brimstone and produce a red colour like a Ruby or at least as yellow as a high-colour'd Hyacinth Of this give some to the Patient three or four times mingled with a little Treacle or in Sorrel Cardobenedictus or Scabious-water This Balsom is excellent also in sore Breasts that are growing purulent taken in warm broth or in a good Wound-drink But this must be in cases of no great heat or inflammation in which it would be dangerous Amongst all the Remedies which serve against Infectious Diseases that of Henricus Stapedius to be found in my Book de Pestilentia is an excellent one and perhaps the best for curing as well as preserving of which half a spoonful being taken fasting is able to keep a Man well for twelve hours or more But if any be already infected he must take of it at any time immediately to the quantity of a spoonful and an half or two spoonfuls for sweating Which is to be repeated every eighteen or twenty four hours to make the Patient sweat till he recover or till the Pestilential Boyls and Carbuncles break out behind the Ears under the Arms or elsewhere This Water though it be somewhat dear yet its vertue countervails its price The older it grows the more vertue it hath Many have ascribed great efficacy to the Blood of Animals Thus old Democritus witness Galen prepared an Electuary of such Blood called Diathaematôn Some esteem much the Blood of Storks because they eat Toads and Snakes others value the Blood of Hens because they eat Spiders and other venomous Insects I should esteem most the Flesh or Blood of Badgers which is to be dried in the shade and that done you must mix with it Saffron Camphir and some or other of the Anti-pestilential Roots as of Angelica Zedoaria or the like together with a little live Brimstone to the quantity of a ducat which is to be taken in Acetuni of Rue or Marigold-flowers or Walnuts and in case of want of these in common Vinegar Upon which the Patient is to sweat If thou art a good Husband have ready a good Acetum of Rue Walnut-kernels and Marigold-flowers taking the greater quantity of Rue and as you use it fill it up again with Acetum of Elder-berries The Rich do use for their Physick in the time of the Plague the red Hungarian as also the Imperial red and gray Powder Bezoar Harts-horn Antidotum Matthioli Terra Sigillata Bole Armeniack Scorzonera and Contrayerva Species de Gemmis Diamargariton de Hyacintho and other high Medicines of which I have largely discoursed in my above-cited Book De Postilentia But I though I have used such Remedies among the Rich yet I content my self commonly with the plainer and most common Medicines of which I have more knowledge and experience The Pickle of Ebulus or Walwort alias Dane-wort or Dwarf-elder which is of kin to Elder as also the Pickle of Juniper-berries are also of great use in this case The Physicians of Ausburg made great use in the year 1572. of the red Imperial Powder the composition of which is in the Augustan Dispensatory at large as also in my Book de Peste These are the several means to provoke sweat which I esteem to be of great efficacy for that purpose upon a sudden And though Souldiers have not the conveniency of a Bed for sweating when they are in a march and often cannot put off their Cloaths for many nights together yet let them use such sudorifick means for though they cannot sweat outright yet they may fall into a dampish moisture which if it strike not in again may prove as good as a sweat Yet in this case he must turn his Shirt Quod non facit sudor praestat id tenuis udor But here is to be noted that 't is not enough once only to give a sudorifick Medicine to an infected Body considering that the venom like a raging Sea is tossed to and fro every way And though it should seem to thee as if by thy approved Antidote thou hadst overcome the Disease the symptoms of it excepted yet thou art not to trust in this case for I my self have been sometimes deceived and hard put to it to make good what by confidence I had omitted Wherefore you must not trust to the once taking a sudorifick Potion or Powder because such malign and lurking Diseases that keep no stitch do indeed fly the first time from thy Medicament and hide themselves under it but they are wont suddenly to re-appear Wherefore you must repeat the Antidotes that were first administred to you for the time of 16 18 20 or 24 hours according to circumstances and so long and often till you judge your sick Brothers or Friends Heart secured from the infectious Venom When the sweating is over thou must then refresh thy Patient first by drying him well and next by giving him a little Vinegar to taste in a spoon The Rich may afford some slices of Citron of which Theopompus Chius writeth that the Tyrant Clearchus Heracleota who lived in Pontus having poisoned many People the vertue of Citron was at length found out of which a slice being eaten proved an effectual Antidote against it The same vertue may be found in a slice of a common Apple and the Syrupus de Pomis is one of the Cordials of our shops But the thirst that uses to follow upon sweating will not be quenched with so small a matter wherefore take three parts of water one part of Vinegar and if the Patient be not too hot one part of Wine mixing some
little red Hounds-tongue Salve and Oyl of Myrrh and Deer-suet Let all be boiled together till the cracking cease and the Juice be boiled in Then strain it through a Linnen Cloth and add to it some Venice-Turpentine Gum Elemi and a little Bees-wax both the latter melted each a part Of the Wax there needs no more than to bring the Salve to a due consistence Then is this Unguent prepared to which may be added a little refined Verdigrease which will make it perfect It is of great efficacy in foul Wounds for both cleansing and healing as experience will shew A Chirurgeon in meeting with Ulcers is to observe well the purulent matter that issues since he may from thence learn the condition of the evil whether it proceed from foul Blood Gall corrupt Phlegm or Adust Melancholy If the evil grow worse and the Humors of the Body force their way copiously thorow then beware and withal exhort the Patient to purge or to sweat with taking some Sassafrass or the like The Sanies or matter that is thick white and well digested is the best but when there runs but a sharp water out of the Ulcer this is not good and is withal painful Which to obviate you must use Litharge Ceruse and the like putting also beaten Lead upon the place and cleansing the fistulat holes with Lead-oyl qualifying its sharpness with Oyl of Eggs. This Lead-oyl is made two ways the the one out of Ceruse which is green the other out of Litharge which is yellow or reddish Both are prepared with Vinegar Boil Celondine in wine and with this wine you may also cleanse the Ulcer with good effect Mix afterwards a drachm of Verdigrease with about four ounces of the Juyce of Ground-Ivy use it with wiecks or raggs dipt therein for the foul Ulcer-holes Burn Oyster-shells to powder and use it for old Ulcers that need cleansing which this powder will well perform by reason of the Salt that is in those shells You may sometimes have occasion also of the Mercurius praecipitatus or the Mercurius dulcis Cosmeticus If you can prepare this you have a good Remedy As for hard Knobs and Boyls they commonly owing their rise to the Venereal Disease are not so proper for this place However you may make a plaister against such Knobs of the phlegm of Althaea or Marsh-mallows Gummi Ammoniac Galbanum Turpentine Myrrh Missel-toe of the oak mixing a little Bee-wax therewith and some Oyl of Earth-worms If you will have it stronger mix with it Gumm Elemi Tacamahaca or Carana But this can only be compassed by the rich men the poor must be content with the Melilot-plaister mixt with Saffron and the Oyl of Mullain or Dill. You may also prepare for such Patients a Salve of Fox-oyl Dill-oyl Turpentine Man-grease and the like mixing therewith some Oyl of Earth-worms and the Oyl of Mullain-flowers Camomil and white Lillies CHAP. IX Of the Chirurgical means of staunching blood of Wound-balsoms and plaisters of Wound-drinks and remedies for Burnings THis is the most necessary Chapter of this whole Tract For although in every Camp yea in every Regiment and even in every Company there ought to be one or more Chirurgeons yet because in a battle or the storming of a strong-hold there may be wounded a very great number of men who by reason of the multitude cannot all be dressed by the Chirurgeons every common Souldier that is sound and unhurt is obliged to assist his fellow considering it may soon be his own case In the first place then refresh thy fellow that is wounded with wine cold water vinegar or the like then place him in a right posture For if the wounds be in the head or about the breast you ought to lay him high with his head and shoulders that so the blood may sink down from the places wounded If his legg be hurt put it so that it may not hang downwards and thereby the afflux from the body be prevented which otherwise might cause a tumour If the wounds be in the middle of the body then place him so that if possible he may lye somewhat hollow with his back This done wash the wound very gently so as not to anger it with meer wine or even with pure common water only with a very little salt cast into it or with the Patients own urine and then dry it with lint of long-worn linnen without much stirring in the wound for fear of making the veins bleed again If any one do bleed so copiously that it is not easily stopp'd and the Patient is in danger then receive of his blood in an Iron pan and letting it run about therein hold it over the fire till it be dry and between your fingers friable to powder of which strew some into the bleeding wound and it will stop it But of this case more hereafter The wound being cleansed and the bleeding stayed take fine linnen-raggs burn them as you are wont to do for tinder and quench it in Oyl of Olives and put some of it into the wound If you have no plaister at hand take a slice of unsalted lard and lay it on If that be also wanting dip a pledget of linnen-raggs in warm wine and being wrung out very dry lay it upon the wound and a dry bandage over it that so the moist pledget may long keep warm Though in such wounds as are apt to bleed much warm bandages are often to be avoided and sometimes but with singular care and discretion cold bandages to be used if the hurt be not in the brain breast or bowels Whence old Hippocrates hath this Aphorism Frigido verò in iis locis utendum unde sanguis aut fluit aut fluxurus est Yet this must be done with great caution lest in the place affected there should follow a Gangrene After this take Oyl of Olives and Wine beat them well together and warm the mixture dip it in Linnen pledgets wring them dry and lay them on warm with a dry bandage over it This must de done once every hour or every two hours nor let this care and labour seem irksom to you for it will have a good effect This Dress is almost the only thing which the Knights of Maltha make use of at Sea to heal their wounds for the Oyl allays the pain and the swelling as the Wine cleanseth and these two together cause healing Whence the Samaritan in the Gospel is said to have poured only Oyl and Wine into the wounds of him that was fallen among Thieves You may therefore make out of these two a Wound-salve that may be equivalent to almost every common Wound-balsom preparing it thus Take one part of Oyl-olive and two parts of Wine boil them together till the Wine be boiled in and the Oyl when any is thrown into the fire cracks no more and you have a Wound-oyl according to wish Put of it with fine Linnen shavings into the wound and it will for a plain Remedy do
and dip it into Smiths-water in which first some crude Allum hath been dissolved Let this lump be dried again and then draw it thorough the Spawn of Frogs so as that the Spawn may every where hang on it and expose it to the Air to dry and afterwards draw the same again thorough Frog-spawn Which repeat as often as you can during the season of Frog-spawn for the oftner you dip the raggs into it the more vertue they will receive This Spawn stauncheth bleeding with a good bandage I have often used with good success the distilled water of Frog-spawn in the bleeding of the Nose first mixt with crude Allum and then drawn up into the Nostrils Take a green Frog burn him in a pipkin not to ashes but so as to be reducible to powder This powder put into a small Taffaty-bagg and hang it about the neck of a woman that floods excessively and she will find great help from it Having often made mention of Allum which is one of the chief remedies for stopping of blood I will make publick the Magistery of Allum which I have hitherto kept secret Take then of the best and clearest Allum as much as you please pulverise it and put the powder into an Oxe-or Swines-bladder tying it very close Then throw it into a kettle of hot water and the Allum will be dissolved this Solution bring over the helm out of a low retort until the Allum get a caput mortuum then cease to urge the fire any more lest you force corrosive spirits from it which are noxious to our present purpose This caput mortuum put again into a bladder and dissolve it as before and do this so long until the whole body of your Allum be brought over the helm But you must filter the first solution for fear of any dust or other heterogeneous matter mixt with it This is the Magistery of Allum able to draw the veins together without corrosion Apply this to wounds or any other bleeding part You may mix with it Tragacanth Gummi Arabick Sanguis Draconis and well-beaten Whites of Eggs. Take good notice whether the wounded Patient have heated himself in storming a place or by any other military execution or whether he be yet distemper'd by passion for as long as this lasts the blood is in a rage and can hardly be stopped In this case stop the wound with Peacocks dung and take Vineger and Whites of Eggs well beaten together a little Allum and refined Salt-peter put to it as much Frog-spawn Shepherds-purse broad Plantain or other convenient water as is necessary so that there may be three parts of water and one part of vinegar dip pledgets into it and clap them cold to the wound and the bleeding will cease Crocus Martis also is an excellent stauncher of blood to be used both inwardly and outwardly For inwardly it cureth the Bloody Flux and other Fluxes and outwardly applied to wounds and strewed into them it closeth the veins But it must not be prepared with Aqua-fortis or distilled Vineger or any corrosive thing but only by the heat of a reverberating furnace and afterwards distil often from it some proper water as of Roses Speed-well Self-heal or broad Plantain after which preparation it is divers times to pass again through a reverberating furnace until it grow as light as a down-feather And then 't is fit for our purpose for as long as it is strong and heavy the body of it is not throughly opened Among other things you may make use of the Red earth of Vitriol which is to be thus prepared Take Vitriol as much as you please put it in a new unglased pipkin into a Potters oven to deprive it of its moisture and to reduce it to a Colcothar Then pulverise this calcined Vitriol and in a large glased earthen dish pour hot water on it letting it stand so for four or five hours then decant the water and pour other hot water upon it as before repeating this three four or five times until all the salt be got out of the said Colcothar which whether it be done may easily be found by the taste Then dry this red dulcified Earth and it will prove a very good blood-staunching medicine which may also in other cases be variously used as you 'l find it hereafter of great use in my plaister for wounds made by thrusting The water you had poured on this Colcothar you ought not to throw away as useless but to put it by and for other occasions you may boil it away and it will leave a Salt behind as white as snow with which you may do wonders in foul Sores I have used it with good success in such cases in which it cleanseth and maketh a firm ground for new and good flesh to grow upon For though there be many things that cleanse Sores yet they leave the flesh loose and spungy but this is both astringent and withal maketh such a sound and firm bottom that you may trust to it Whence also it is to be used in fistulous Sores But to return to the stopping of Blood take the blood of a Lamb or Sheep let it stand in a clean earthen vessel until the serum be sever'd from it pour this off and dry the blood well in a new glased pipkin upon hot embers Then pulverise it and mix with it a fourth part of clean pulverised Tragacanth and strew this into the wound If the issue of the blood be so impetuous that it washes away the first application then wipe the wound again and strew into it of the same powder the second time Putting amongst it Allum Crocus Martis or the red Earth of Vitriol you will do well Bind the wound with the Emplastrum Santalinum which is called Incognitum by our Chirurgeons or with the Ceratum ex pelle arietina due to Arnoldus de Villa nova The blood being stopt and the wound cleansed you must then apply good vulnerary Oyls or Wound-balsoms Oyls are all as I mention'd above fatty whence it is that they do not easily consolidate wounds unless you put to them some refined Mastic Sarco-colla Sanguis Draconis Sandarach or the like But to open unto you the good affection of my heart I shall describe here my Wound-balsom wherewith I have by Gods assistance done much good viz. Take as much as you please of Turpentine of Cyprus which comes from Venice and is taken inwardly and the same quantity of the red Oyl of St. Johns-wort dissolve them together Then take Gumm Elemy dissolve it apart and pour it among the other and so let all cool and when 't is half cold pour amongst it a little Oyl of Bees-wax and your Balsom is prepared I cannot tell you the precise weight of each ingredient because as often as I have prepared it I have done it by the Eye and as it seemed good unto me only note that there must be so much of the Gumm Elemy as to give it a due
Ointment of the bigness of a great Walnut dissolve it in warm Broath it expels all coagulated blood especially if you mix some Sperma Ceti with it If you have any Thorns Thistles Bullets Small-shot or the like to draw out where perhaps you cannot reach them with Instruments then burn live Crafishes in a new Pipkin until they be reducible to powder but burn them not to Ashes This powder mix with Hares-suet and lay it on and you will find a good effect Also take the Roots of the big Reed that grows in Marishes dry them to be pulverised and mix Virgin-honey with it and lay it upon the part and of the same powder give the Patient to drink twice a day the weight of half a ducat in Wine or in Broath or in a vulnerary potion if you have at hand The first of this I learned of the Excellent Doctor Schleer of Constance The Excrement of a Gander being applied is also powerful in drawing out Iron Again Quince-wine mingled with Vinegar and putting some Saffron and Gun-powder amongst it if you give it to one that hath been shot it will do him good Otherwise they make a plaister of the Roots of Cumfrey Aron Polypody Juniper and dried Radishes all reduced to powder and mix it with Hares-suet and grey Diachylum making a thick Ointment of it and spreading it over a piece of Hare-skin and so laying it on This is greatly praised especially when seconded with good Wound-drinks of which Master-wort is one of the Ingredients But if you have not this at hand take a Beet and boil it in Wine and lay it warm on the wound Likewise young Swallows not yet fledge burnt to powder and this powder made by Acetum of Roses into a pulse and laid on does the same You ought also to be provided for the Synovia And if you proceed aright with my Wound-balsom above described and keep the wound warm you may therewith do much good Mix with it ex abundanti the red Earth of Vitriol above discoursed of This Synova is a dangerous thing and often causeth almost intollerable pain if it be not well handled the Herb of Straw-berries and its Juyce have great vertue in this case Some make use of the White of Eggs Bol-Armeniack and the like The Magistery of Allum also belongs hither for Allum mixed with Vinegar and clapp'd on very warm allays it also Elder-blossoms likewise used every way are effectual in the same case Employ also diligently such Defensive-plaisters as are not fatty because fat lays no hold on water To proceed to Burnings I know almost no better Salve for burning than this Take a Tench or any common-Pond-fish fry one or more of them with good Butter pour the fatness upon cold Water in a broad earthen Pan and you have an excellent Ointment against Burnings When some years since a Powder-Mill was blown up and the Attendants upon the work so miserably burnt that they looked as if they had been rosted they were healed with this Ointment only a little finely powder'd Sage being mixt with it Cream and Linseed-oyl mingled together and raggs moisten'd therein put upon the burnt part healeth though the burning were made with Aqua-fortis for to my knowledge a certain Chymist that had thus burnt all his Arm was thereby restored Or take Oyl of Elder or stale Oyl that hath been long in a burning Lamp beat half as much as you take of that of the Whites of Eggs amongst it and anoint the burnt part therewith If you can get no Oyl of Elder take any other cooling Oyl as of Nymphaea Water-lillies Poppy-seeds Violets or Roses or the Oyl of Poplar-buds or of Marsh-Marigold Flowers If you can have Quince-wine it marvellously exstinguishes the burning of any shot dipping a Linnen pledget in it and drawing it through the wound or left in it repeating this every twelfth hour The Juyce or Wine of Quinces must be used as it comes from the fruit without any mixture of Sugar This I learn'd from a Nobleman a great Souldier of long experience in the Wars of France the Low-Countries and Hungary The Vnguentum Jovis made of Henbane Vervain and Butter is also very useful for this purpose Likewise the Ointment of Calx viva which is first six or seven times to be slaked and dulcified with pure water pouring every twelve or sixteen hours fresh water upon it and decanting the former so as to leave always the Calx at the bottom which is then to be mixed with Oyl of Roses or some other cooling Oyl for an Ointment If you be well acquainted with Elder and know how to use it you may obtain out of it one of the best Cures of Burnings especially out of its middle rinds Again Yolks of Eggs and Linseed-oyl equal quantities mixt together and spread over the burning is also very good Egg-oyl likewise used by it self and Vernice employed by Joyners do well also but the latter of these two if it be mixed with Oyl of Spicanard or Petroleum is to be mingled amongst Linseed-oyl Spread fresh Butter upon Cabbage-leaves having first fryed the Butter with some blossoms or the middle rind of Elder and so lay them to the burning Elder being a great resister of Inflammations and therefore very good to allay St. Antonies fire if you pull its mild green rinds from the stem and lay them on without moistening them Else they use against the said Fire Flower mixed with the powder of Licorice to be clapt on with a ragg done over with red Saunders My way is to take the shavings of some fresh and juycy Licorice and to fry them in new Butter then to strain the Butter from it and to fry the like fresh Licorice therein and to strain the Butter from that again repeating this five or six times Among this strained Butter I stir some pure and fine Ceruse Whites of Eggs and a little Camphire And with this Ointment I have by the assistance of God done much good in the said inflammation of St. Antonies fire and the common people do to this very day call this Ointment by no other name than that of Doctor Minderer's Licorice-Ointment But to return to the quenching of Burnings If you can have Milk-cream mingle it with Cow-dung freshly made and so clap it on though fresh Cow-dung alone allays burning Crafishes pounded alive and fryed in fresh Butter or in common Suet the Butter strained here from is also a good Ointment against burnings Unsalted Lard melted by a Wax-candle or an hot Iron and dropp'd upon fresh cold water and then gather'd up from the water and carefully rubbed from the same hath the like operation Take one of the cooling Oyls above-named and fresh Butter boil the middle rind of Elder in it and with a sufficient quantity of Wax make of it a Salve and this also will cure burning You ought also to be provided with a fit apparatus Lints Swathing-clouts c. and to take Deer-suet Oyl of Roses or Elder
and white Wax and melt them over the fire yet so as that you melt the Wax by it self and add of it no more to the rest than to make it a thin plaister Into this compound you must dip some fine lint and you 'l find it very useful for any angry part as also when one limb presses or otherwise incommodes another as happens in hydropical and other swollen people whose belly so sinks down that the thighs suffer by it in which case such lints are to be put between the parts to keep them from immediately touching and pressing one another A grangrene is cured with Sal-armoniac boiled in Urine especially in that of the Patient and clapping such Urine upon the part affected The quantity of the Sal-armoniac may be six drachms For frozen Feet take Gander-suet and Deer-suet dissolve them together and pour them into a white excavated Turnip and expose this for a while to the Air Rain Wind Hoar-frost Snow according as the season shall be Then mince the Turnip and fry it in the same Suet which you had poured into it that done squeeze it out and let the fat fall upon cold water and being there brought to consistence take it off and bring it over the helm from burned Wine and decant this carefully from it again and 't is duely prepared You may also recover frozen Feet with white rotten Turnips beaten with Butter or Tallow and so clapt on CHAP. X. Of several promiscuous Medical Practices for the Service of the honest Souldier THis Chapter I have annexed to the former as an Appendix for the ease and good of Souldiers wherein some things will occurr not inferiour to those that have preceded But herein I have kept no order but set them down promiscuously yet faithfully to supply what may have been omitted before If you be troubled with the Tooth-ach coming from the cold in winter take the root of Pyrethrum Pellitory of Spain and boil it in Vinegar and hold this Vinegar warm in your mouth and it will draw out the phlegm that causes the pain Or take the root of Elder boil it in half Wine and half Water and hold it warm upon the Teeth But what you take of this Decoction must be often spit out and other fresh taken into you mouth of which I have found wonderful Effects The root of Heath boiled together with the same herb in wine and laid on is esteem'd to be powerful in drawing out thorns and splinters You may make a good Ointment against the Itch and Scabs of Savin stale Fat Brimstone and Juniper-berries Oyl If your Limbs after long sickness be weak boil Valerian-roots in Camomil-oyl and anoint such Limbs therewith Also the Oyl of Lillies in the valley and that of yellow Violets is good for the same purpose For worms in the Fingers bruise Parsicaria Arsmart and lay it on or take of a Piggs Bladder of Gall and put it on the affected Finger like a Thimble If you have any coagulated or congealed blood in your Breast make a Decoction of Scabious Chervil and Germander in two parts of wine one part of water and strain it and drink of it mornings and evenings Against the putrefaction of the Mouth make a Decoction of Privet in water adding afterwards a little Allum to it and use it for a gargarism Also a Decoction of the middle rind of Hawthorn with a little Allum is of great effect in the same case Cabbage and Colewort-leaves burnt to ashes and a Lixivium made of it and clapp'd on cureth a Gangrene and the wild Fire especially if you mingle a little Oyl of Elder therewith If you can have no Elder-blossoms for this Oyl take the green middle rind of Elder and boil it in Oyl Olive and then strain the Oyl which done take fresh rind of Elder and proceed with it as before repeating it three or four times to make the Oyl the stronger You may add a little wine to it whilst 't is boiling but that must all boil away and so long till the Oyl cracks no more in the fire Southern-wood stamped with grease and laid on draweth out splinters If you have the Itch or are scabby and can light upon some water standing in the hollowness of a Beech-tree wash your self with it Or make a Decoction of the brown rind of Alder which is under the gray in Butter and anoint your self with it mixing if you will a little Brimstone therewith If you be troubled with the Ring-worm or any running Scab infuse Litharge in Vinegar and let it stand a night infused or make a Decoction of the same in Vinegar But your pain or vessel must be of brass This Vinegar mingle with Oyl of Elder or of Roses or the like and it will become a fine gray Salve curing such running Scabs as aforesaid and cooling also Inflammations If your Body be bound take Sage pulverised and mix it with grease and anoint your Navil with the quantity of a hasel-nut of it This I have with very good success advised to women in child-bed that were thus bound and obstructed If you will have it stronger mix with it the Gall of a Fish or of any Animal whatsoever but then you must not give it to a woman in child-bed Gromel by the Latins call'd Milium Solis pulverised and the weight of half a ducat of it taken in wine or broath provoketh urine yet must the belly be open'd first The same doth Linaria or Toad-flax boiled in wine or broath Likewise distilled water of Radishes repeating the distillation several times from other fresh Radishes Which will have the better effect if the Patient bath his lower parts in a bath made of Marsh-mallows Melilot and the like Gromel above-mention'd taken in warm broath expels the birth And so do the blossoms or buds of Walnut-trees Crabs-eyes also pulverised and taken in warm broath likewise Issop boiled in wine and drank warm This I have inserted for the sake of poor Souldiers-wives who amongst us often follow the Camp If they have any great After-pains let them bath their lower parts in a Bath made of Dill and Camomil-flowers And the yolks of hard Eggs beaten together with some convenient Oyl Nut-oyl is the best and a Plaister made of it and laid to the belly is also very good If they have too great a profusion of blood let them take a drachm of burnt Harts-horn and burnt Ivory in a convenient Vehicle In case of a mortal wound take of pure Turpentine four ounces wash it with fresh limpid water and then dissolve it over a mild fire which done mix with it two ounces or two ounces and an half of white Wax dissolved apart To this add about three ounces of Womans milk which is sucked by a Boy The Turpentine and Wax being somewhat cooled together must be well stirr'd and then poured on cold Vinegar whence when 't is brought to a consistence it is to be taken off and made into a Plaister and so laid