vnder the toong the two vaines of both sides of the necke which to be launst a handful from the head And likewise on the shalke vaines Also the two great vains on the sides and the two branched vaines that leadeth from the coddes And againe the two vaines vnder his taile these are the chiefe and common places which do serue for to let blood against most diseases And this I thinke here shal be sufficient for letting of blood Against the Glanders THere comes oftentimes vnto yoong horse of foure or fiue yéeres old by catching cold after his labour a kinde of glanders and it wil on a sodeine raise aswelling vnder his iawes and on his iawe bone which swelling at the first wil beverie harde without great heate and there wil remaine and bréede to some other sore if ye helpe it not The cure Ye shall take hogges grease and make it verie hot and so all hot ye shal rub and chafe the sore and hard place therewith twise or thrise a day vse it and that will mollifie it and at length it wil so breake and runne and so heale againe To heale the mangie on a Horse YE shal take of lampe oyle the fine pouder of brimstone of blacke sope of tarre of barrow hogges grease and the soote of a chimney of each a like And then mix them all wel togither and boyle them togither and then annoint the place therewith as hotte as he may suffer it and vse this and it wil helpe Against the mourning of the Chine TAke a pecke or halfe of oates and boyle them in running water til halfe the licour be consumed and then put them into a bagge and laie them all hotte vpon the nauel place on his back and there let it lye thirtie houres and so dresse him therewith thrée or foure times and ye shal sée experience For a Horse that is hide bound WHen a horse is hide bound yée shall perceiue it by plucking vp his skinne on his sides If his skinne bee lose hee is not hide bounde but if it sticke close to his sides or ribbes so that ye can scant take hold thereof then hee is hide bounde which is commonly gotten in winter by lying wet and hauing small store of meate which maketh him verie faint The remedies are yee shall let him bloud a litle and then giue him warme mafhes morning and euening And white water which is water and mault Mixt togither or branne And giue him also sodde wheat mixt with branne or sodde barley Use this as yée shall sée cause and he shal doe wel To plump or puffe vp a leane Horse in short time THe best meanes to puffe vp a leane horse is to sée the barley in water till it be soft like firmitie and thicke withall or to sée the wheate likewise And giue him thereof alwaies before his watering not after for then it wil do him no good For this the husband man saith all dry prouender or corne after watering to be giuen and all sod corne afore watering specially barley and wheate being sod Against anie galling or fretting through the skin of a Horse IF your horse chaunce to bee fretted with halter or other corde cleane through the skin yée shall take but vinegar and sope and heate them wel togither and stirre it with a sticke or cloth and then all to rubbe and wash the said fretting or galling therewith vse this twise or thrise a day and it wil dry it vp within two or thrée daies and it will heale againe For this is the husband mens common medicine and wel prooued If there be galling on the necke ye shall stamp the leaues of bryony called the hedge vine and mixe it with wine and plaister it too and it wil helpe How to take out the haw in the Horse eye THe haw breadth comonly as cunning horse Leches say by rankenesse of blood and grosse fleame which by heates doeth bréede vnto a harde white gristle in the forecorner of the horse eye which wil at lengh make him to lose his sight if it be not soone remedied The cure The surest and best way to take foorth the hawe and not perishing the horse eye is this First for the more safetie tramell his legges on the one side Then put a paire of barnacles on his nose and another on his farthest eare and so let one holde them fast Then the maister doeth put a néedle with a double thread through the toppe of his eare on the same side the haw is And then from thence hée putteth the néedle through the edge of his eye lidde on the midst thereof and so drawe vp the lidde towardes the said eare and then fastens the thread and cuttes it off Then knits his thread againe and saies to his man hold fast for feare of starting of the horseê the néedle head may put out his eye Therefore to woorke sure is best Then the maister waites when the horse turnes his eye and when the said haw is most séene then hee catches holde thereof with his fore finger and thombe and pluckes it foorth a litle and puts his néedle through the outer end of the gristle and so drawes it farther out by the threades ende and then wrappes the rest of the said thread about his litle finger of the same hande he puttes out the inner side of the gristle which is towardes the horse eye and with a verie sharpe knife hee cuttes crosse the gristle and easeth finely away the skinne and fatte thereof on the saide haw And also rounde about it which is calde the washe of the eye for if that bee cutte away the horse will bee bleare eide Therefore yée must leaue all the skinne and fat about the saide gristle and take away but the tippe or out ende thereof with the saide gristle or haw which the threade hath holde of but take not too much holde with your néedle and thread Then beeing taken foorth cut off your thread that holdes his eye lid and picke out the ends thereof out of his eye lidde and eare else they wil afterwarde trouble him and also plucke away al the long hayres about his eyes Then soone after as the horse eye doe gather to some blood and matter yee shall take your mouth ful of béere ale or wine and open his eye and spirt therein once or twise togither and with the side of your hand strike downe the blood and matter out of his eye Use him thus thrée or foure times vntil his eye wax cleare and so it is done ye may giue him what meate yée wil after For the Trenches and long Wormes TO kill the trench worme or long wormes ye shall take the pouder of worme séede finely searst two spoonefulles and put it in a pinte of malmeste and mix it well togither and let it stand to soake all a night and giue it your horse in the morning and kéepe him without meat and drinke foure houres after and he shall doe well Toong of
if there be not speedy remedy he dieth which remedie is ye must pricke the vayne vnder his tongue as is afore mentioned and he shall do well Against the venomed tongue of a beast and also his bodie THe tongue of an oxe or bullocke sometimes shall be swolne and venomed by eating of some venemous grasse or such like and then he wil commonly gape eate no meate but stand holding downe his head and mourne The remedy is ye shal bruise a white onyon and mixe it with a little good vinegre then giue it him and make him to swallowe it downe But first rubbe his mouth and tongue with all wel and then giue it him So done ye shal pashe a whole egge into his mouth shell and all and make him so to swallow it downe and then he wil recouer and doe well againe Sometimes a beast wil be swolne all his bodie by eating some euill thing and venemous among their grasse as the â—eld spider frogges snailes eftes or colde hearbes as poppie dwale hemlocke and such which wil make them swel The remedies are Take of the iuice of plantaine with the iuyce of wilde carrets by euen portion and giue the beast therof with a little vinegar Also the iuyce of inugwort mixt with ale or béere and giue it Likewise the iuyce of cleuers or goose grease stampt and straind and giuen is a special remedy against venom of the field spider and others also Againe the garden tanzy stampt and straind and giuen with wine Also the séed of the great Cowthistle dried and made into powder and giuen with wine or the roote therof boilde in wine and giuen Likewise the leaues of annisestedes boild in water and giuen Againe the séede of rocket beaten and giuen wish ale or a handfull of betony leaues stampt and straind with ale and beere and giuen Likewise doth garlicke beeing stamped together with Ale or Déere and giuen with ale Any of these are good alone to be giuen to a beast when he is swolne by eating of any venemous thing And if ye do take of some hearbes 2. parts together it wil then be the stronger and take more effect but my counsel is vse them with discretion euen as yée shall see cause Against the swelling in a beast by eating of a Tyne worme IF anie Oxe or other beast haue eaten anie tineworme which is a small redde worme rounde and ful of legges much like a hogge lowse Which worme in Sommer wil be créeping among the grasse If anie beast haue eaten such it wil poyson hym and he wil sodainly swel thereof so that within foure twenty houres if he be not remedied he wil die therof One remedy is ye shal take a quantity of stale put there in a quantity of falfe 〈…〉 e them well together and so giue it him and so soone as ye can chafe him after till he do stowar for when they do stowar they lightly shall do well Another Take a good handful of hearbe Robart which smels like a foxe Choppe it small and bruse it well and then mixe it with good ale or béere and so giue it your beast Another Take of the earth of Ant hils and mixe it with vineger and so giue it to your beast Those are all good against the foresaid venom of the tine worme Against Costiuenes in cattell THere is also another kind of swelling in oxen and kine both through costinenes which is when they are so hard bound in their bodies through heate that they cannot dung which will cause them to swell The remedy is to chafe and driue him well vp and downe a good space if then he do not dung ye must then annoint your hand with oyle or grease then rake him and take forth his dung Some do giue him of the 〈…〉 in drinke and so doth well Yet others do but rake him and he doth well also Against the worme in a beastes taile THere wil bréede in the tayle of cattel a certaine worme like to a eating canker which will bréede in the ende of his taile which wil cause the beast to become leane and of il liking Which place yee shal féele to be somewhat soft and a little aboue that place on the inside of his taile ye shal slitte the skinne with a sharpe knife two ynches long downe-right so done then take a quantitie of 〈…〉 uised garlike and safe mixt together and then hinde it fast to that place and let it so remaine till it doe fall away of it selfe and so the beast shal recouer and be well againe For an Oxe or Cow hauing the feuer OXen and kyne both wil sometime haue the Feuer or Ague which is gotten by some colde or other sicknesse The signes are when his eies waxe hollowe and are dropping his heade lumpishe and heauie his mouth foaming and lathering and drawing long his breath with payne and sometimes he will sigh So when yet shall see suche tokens yée maie iudge it to be the feuer The remedie ye shall then kéepe him a daie and a night without meate or drinke Then on the next morning fasting yée shal draw a little blood vnder his tayle Then about one houre after yee shall giue him thirtie small trunchions of Colewoortes sodde in salet oyle and salt fishe water or bryne and make him to swallowe it thus yee must vse him for fiue morninges together fasting and yee shall cast before him the tender braunches of lentile pease or the tender croppes of the Oliue trées or suche or else the tender buddes of the Uine and yée must rubbe or cleanse his lippes and thrise a daie yee must giue him colde water for to drinke and so yee shal keepe him in the stal till hée bée whole and sounde Also the feuer is gotten of labouring oxeÌ„ by great trauel in hoate times and when he hath that ye shal see him hang downe his head his eyes wil inflame and bounce and his bodie wil be hotte out of al order which yee shall feele by touching his skinne Wherefore they vse to let him bloud on the vaine of his forehead or on the vayne of his eare and then they giue him of greene hearbs as lettice and such other cold hearbes and they bathe also his body with white wine and so they giue him colde water to drinke and so he wil amend Against the Cough in Cattell CAttel sometimes wil haue the cough by taking of cold or by greate trauell or by eating some euil thing If the cough in an Oxe be newly taken he may bee wel and soone remedied thereof by a drinke made of water mixt with barley meale Sometimes they vse to giue vnto the beast of stitchwoort smally chopt with husked beanes bruised altogether and so giuen They take also of lentile pease out of their huskes and then bruise them smal and mixe them with thrée pyntes of warme water and giue it with a horne They heale also an old cough with two pound of Isope stéeped in a
quarte or more of water with eyght pounde of lentyle pease smally beaten and mixt altogether and so giuen to the beast with a horne Another take the iuice thereof with sallet oyle or the smal rootes thereof beaten with barley meale and so giuen and make him to swallow it Another take the rootes of leekes cleane washed and then beaten with pure wheate and so giuen fasting This doth heale any olde cough Another take of wilde tares out of their huskes then beate them with as much of husked barley and make him for to swallowe it Another Isope also stamped with ale or beere and giuen is good likewise and to giue him no other drink for the space of eight daies but mugwoort boyled in water and so giuen Another take fiue leaues of Asarabacca and stampe it and then strayne it with wine or good ale and so giue it with a horne to the beast Another mixe the powder of light woort which growes among stones or on Okes like a dried turfe nigh the grounde with ale or beere and giue it warme and it wil helpe Also take butter new ale stampt garlicke with dragon water and so giue it the beast warm Wel proued Impostumes in beastes to helpe IF any beast be troubled with an impostume or suche lyke sore the best shal bee to open the place with an yron and when it is cut then shal ye crush foorth al the yll humour and matter therein Then stirre and washe it cleane with the warme vrine of an Oxe So done then vse such thinges as doth cleanse and heale And take Cherpi so called in French mixt with tarre and oyle oliue plaister wise close the sore therwith If ye caÌ„not within wash the sore clean ye shal melt of the tallowe of an Oxe or goate and so powre it into the wound let it run down al about the bottome therof Some sores after they haue applied this medicine they wil gather a fiery heate and a distilling of humor which wil discend vnto that place Therfore to auoyde the same ye shal wash it with old vrine of men and then to annoint it with tarre and old greace mixt Against the impostumation of byles they doe vse to kill them by laying to of leuen mixed with the sea onyon Squilla and some vinegar and they also doe open the sore and washe it with his owne pisse made warme then they tent it with lynt dipped in tarre and in the ende yee shall heale it with tentes dipped in moulten tallowe either of Oxe or goate To heale the closhe or founder in the feete of Cattell THE closhe or foundering in the feete of cattell is taken by some colde after a great heate or by some vehement trauaile which haue stirred the blood so that it goeth downe to the feet like the founder of a horse When this do happen in cattel it wil sodaine visite the hoofe of the beast and yee shall feele it hoat and payneth the beast so that hee will not suffer you for to crushe the place But when the bloud resteth in the legges aboue the hoofe yee shall but chafe him often and rubbe him harde to make the bloud retyre agayne If that profite not yee must launce his feete gentlie rounde on the edge of his hoofes with smal rases not deepe But if the bloud bee gone downe into the hoofe yee must open then a little with a sharpe knife in the middes vnder both the clawes Then laye a tent thereto of lynt mixt with salt nettles and vinegar and make him a buskin of broome if yee can for that is more holesome and let not his feete come in anie water till hée bee whole but keepe him drie in the stall And looke also that the bloud doe issue when ye doe cut him for if then he doe not bleede it will growe to some putrifaction and so to impostumation and then it wil bee long in healing Therefore yee must open and cleanse it wel and bind thereto clothes stâ—eped in vinegar salt and oyle and in the ende take of olde greace and Deere suet melted together in like portion and heale it therewith If the bloud doe fal to the outmost partes of the clees yee must then pare the endes thereof to the quicke and so let them bleede But see that yee open the clees in the middes of the endes so that no impostumation be there and they wil doe wel For sinewes stiffe and shrinking IF an Oxe or other beast doe closh or hault thorow the stifnesse of the sinewes and nerfes ye shal chafe his legges knees and hammes with salt and oile mixt til they be wel If the sinewes be stiffe about the knees ye must then bathe him with hoate vinegar or with mistleto sodde in running water or with millet which is a graine like tares and lyne seed and in al issues ye must scarifie and race the greened place and then to put thereon of fresh butter washed in water and vinegar and in the end annoynt it with salt butter mixed with Goates suet Also to boyle southernwood in sallet oyle or neats feete oile and so doe annoynt therewith Another the iuice of priuet mixt with oyle therwith annoynt Another mustard seed boyld in oile annoint the sinewes therwith Another take of barlie meale sallet oile rue salt coriaÌ„der staÌ„p al these together so plaistred on wil comfort both sinewes nerfes Another take water the cabbage or colewortts haue byn sodde in to bathe therwith is very good Another take lyneseede and barley meale and mixe them wel together and then playstred to is good to molifie and make soft all hardnes of the sinewes nerfes and iointes Another take the rootes of Saturian stampe them and mixe them with shéepes milke and then plaistred wil supple the sinewes pretily Also horehound beaten with oyle and vinegar and then plaistred to doth the like supple the sinews and nerfes Some do say take yarrow and barrow hogges grease and beate them well together and then laid too will knit sinewes together being cut asonder Against the swelling of the knees of cattell IF the knees of Oxe or Cow or other beast be swolne yee shall first bath him in white vinegar Then take vinegar lineseed and millet and sprinckle it with honyed water so mixe them and bind that to his knees or els take a spunge kept in water that mistleto is sod in and laye that vnto his knee If there be any inflamation of humor ye shall then lay too leuain and barly meale stéept in warme wine or in honied water boild to ripe it and when it is ripe ye shall launce it with a razor and then hele it with lint salte and oyle as afore is sayd Cornelius Celsus saith the rootes of flowerdeluce or the sée onyon squilla with salte or the iuce of knotgres put into the wound will heale it Also all diseases comenly in the body without wound being new are healed by rubbings
and chafings of the flesh and skinne but if they bée olde ye must then cut or burne and to heale them in melting butter or goates suet and powred thereon To heale scabbes or galles in cattell IF your cattell be scabby ye shal take of garlicke and bruse it and therewith rub and chafe all the sores Also against scabbe or gall They take garlicke sauory brimstone powder vinegar and gall nuts beaten with the iuyce of callamint neppe or horehound mixt with soote of the chimney and so annoint therewith And if it grow to some vicer or great sore then to vse and rubbe the place with brused mallowes mixt with white wine and bind thereof to the place Also the great burre leaues beaten with oyle and layde too all these afore mentioned are good And for the galling of the necke with the yoake and if it swell but one side ye shall let him bloud in the eare of that side But if he be chaft in the midst of the necke then let him bloud in both his eares and laye thereto a playster made with the marrow of an oxe mixt with the suet a buck and then melte it all together with some oile and tarre and therewith yee shall heale it And it will do verye well Also if an oxe be gald and brused on his necke a sufficient medicine is this Yee shall first drawe bloud at one of his eares If not Take of the hear be called in latin Auia in french Aus oiseauls beat it with salte and so lay it too aus if it do then aswage the chyne of his necke looke then on which side he hangeth or leaneth his head and let him bloud on the contrarie side hee leaneth on the eare But before ye do this ye shall beat his eare well with a twigge and ye shall see it swell and ryse on the vayne Then launce the sayde vayne and let him bléede well thereat and on the next morning drawe some more bloud thereon and so let him not trauaile of two dayes after On the thirde daye yee maye trauaile hym a lyttle and so by lyttle and lyttle yee maye vse him to his taske and former iourney But if hee be of neyther side galde and yet his necke swolne in the middest thereof Then yée must let him bloud on both his eares and if ye let him not bloud within two dayes after the disease haue taken his necke it will so inflame that the nerfes and sinewes will waxe stiffe and then it will growe to a sore of ingendred bloud for which I haue found a singular good medicine that is yee shall take tarre and the marow in an Oxe bone with the suet of a bucke with olde oyle oliue of ech a like portion Then boyle al together and so vse for to annoynt him when he leaueth his yoake But first ye shall alwaies wash him with the water where he commonly drinketh of and then let it dyre and then annoint him with the said medicine But if all his necke be so inflamed that hee cannot beare his yoake the next remedye is to let him rest and vse to wash his necke with colde water and so rubbe and chafe it with the fome of siluer or litarge Celsus willeth to put on the rest of his necke that is so inflamed the afore said hearbe called Auia For a beast being hide bound THere is a disease in beastes called in Latin Coriago in English hide bound which doth sore torment and grieue a beast This griefe happeneth to a labouring Oxe when he hath béene sore traueiled in labour or sore traueling in traueiling in rayny weather and thereby come to bee hide bound through pouertie Wherefore ye must take héed whē they returne from labor being sore chaft of body and short of breath Some do vse therefore to sprinckle them with wine do cast a péece of the fat of a beast downe his throat but if he haue this disease alreadie it shall be good to séeth bay leaues in ale and to bath him therewith as hote as hee can suffer And sodainely thereupon for to chafe and rubbe hym wyth oyle and wyne mixt together and to plucke and drawe his skinne on both his sides and loose it from his ribbes and it is good to be done in a hote sunny daye that it maye drye and sinke therein Another Some do put too the lées of oliues wyne and grease and annoynt therewith which medycyne they doo vse after they haue done rubbing and chafyng the beast Also if a beast like not and hys skynne doo cleaue to his bones yee shall bathe hym all ouer wyth wyne and oyle olyue myxt together Some do take mallowes boyld in wyne or ale or worte mixt with oile and so bath him therewith Also some do séeth whot graines in ale and so bath and rub him therewith once a day for 3. or 4. daies together and to giue him the water of boylde barly For the itch in cattell TThe itch oft times in cattell may come for lacke of good dressing Also it may be taken of his fellows and it may come by ill water and choler in the vaines If a beast haue an itch ye shal wash and chafe him with his own vrin made warme and mixt with olde salte butter or ye shall annoynt him with oyle rosin and white wine melted together Some do wash it with pisse salte and the iuyce of marigoldes mixt all together Use this and it wil helpe Against the lunges of cattel infected IF the lights or lunges of a beast be infected which is a greuous disease For thereby he will waxe leane and pine away and at length he dries so in his bodie by a common cough whereby at the length it will kill him if he haue no remedie The remedies are ye shall pearce one of his eares with a little bodkin as is afore said for the murren or pestilence and being so perst ye shall put into the saide holes the burnt roote of some hazel tree Then take a quantitie of the iuyce of léekes with so much sallet oyle and mixe it with a pint and halfe of wine and giue it him fasting vse this 9. mornings together and he shal do well Also if the sicknes of the lightes be not sore they do giue him but the iuyce of léekes mixt with swéete wine and they put of the burnt root of hazel into his eare as afore said But ye shall vnderstand if the beast haue continued long therewith he wil then stand much and eate but little and therefore he wil waxe hollow and thinne of bodie and some times he wil cough 20. times in one houre Then he is sore taken and farre gone therewith and very few do recouer if he be not looked vnto Wherefore the best way is yee shall deuide your cattell asunder so many as he hath companied with and then let them bloud a little as aforesaid Also there be many men that can setter them which is to cut the dewlappe before on
then after to annoint and chafe their pasturns and betwixt their clées with olde grease and they shall do well Also if an oxe do halte of his foote through taking of some great cold ye must then wash it with warme vrin but if it come through the cause of bloud or an impostume in the foot then ye shall chafe and rubbe it first well to stirre the bloud and then raze the skin with a sharpe razor aboue the clées and make it bléede and wash it with pisse and salt if it wil not so heale but descend into the foot ye must then open the toppe of the hoofe vnder to the quicke and make the bloud there to come forth then lap his foot as afore is said or make a buskin that no water or other thing get in to hurt it till it be whole Likewise if an Oxe be cut or grauelled in the foote the helpe is yee shall bathe him with warme vrine and then annoint him with tarre and olde grease melted together and there is nothing better to vse before ye doe vnyoke then to rubbe and chafe their feete with old fresh greace If the feete of an Oxe do open and chappe so that yâ— horne doe cracke and cleaue ye shal bath it well first with warm vinegar and and salt and oyle mixt altogether Then lap it wel for a daie or more and put thereon a plaister of olde greace and pitch melted together And so it wil heele again and doe wel and when his hoofes are broken yee shal couer and wrappe them with linnen steeped in vinegar oyle and salt for three daies stil renew it in laying to the sayde medicine Then on the fourth daie melt pitch and olde greace together and put it thereon with the barke of a pyne apple tree cleane pullished and when it beginneth to heale yee shal rubbe it al ouer with the soote of a chimney and let it heale But if yee make smal account thereof there will woorms ingender soone in the sore and make it fal to a coldnes if ye washe it not on morninges with colde water so if this wil not heele it ye shal then bruise of horehound leeks and salt together and so laie it there too and this will soone kil the wormes and when the sore is wel cleansed ye shal laye thereon a plaister of tow mixt with pitch oyle and old greace and so annoint it al ouer with the same to keepe off the flie away and it wil do wel To helpe the bruise on the shoulder of a beast SOmetimes by long trauel a labouring Oxe in treading on the hard ground or by some crushe against postes or gates wil be lame in their shoulders and oftentimes sore bruised if this happen in anie beast ye shal then let him blood on the fore legges If he be hurt in the hinder hippes ye shal then let him blood on the hinder legges and then washe and bathe it with warme vinegar salt and oyle mixt together or bathe his shoulder with pisse and mallowes boyled together If these doe not helpe then ye shal launce it a little and then laye a playster of pitch thereon and it will heale it Against stinging with Adder or Snake WHen any beast is stung with Adder or bitten with a snake it wil so ranckle that the beast may soon die thereof if there be not remedy soone had Against any byting thereof ye shal bruise the roote of the great burre with salt and so laye it too and it wil take away the venome Another better which is cake of the rootes of the sharp pointed threeleaued grasse which beareth long sweete leaues and rough mixe the iuyce thereof with wine and giue it the beast or cast it into his mouth and beate the leaues with salt and laye it to the sore if ye cannot haue the greene herbe bruise the seed with wine and giue it him or bruse the stalks roots and then mixe it with meale and salt honyed water plaister wise laid thereon Another ye shal take v. pound of the tender crops of an Ash tree well beaten and then mixt with three pynts of sallet oyle in so much wyne theÌ„ strayne it giue it to the beast Also take of the sayd Ashtree croppes beate them with salt and lay it to the venoumed place If a beast be stung yee shal rubbe the place with the oyle of a scorpion which ye shall haue at the Apothecaries or giue him sope mixt with vinegar wash the place with bur leaues sodde in water or greene stampt with salt and layd too The stinging of the fieldspider IF a beast bee stung with the field spider it wil soone cause nflammation and grow to an impostume if there be not speedy remedy A beast beyng stung with yâ— fielde spyder or bitten with antes al they be but smal wormes yet their venom is great wil put the beast to great danger therfore some do hold in pricking the place with a latten naule and then mixe sope vinegar chafe the place therewith Also some say if the field spider be taken put in oyle oliue so die therein â—ot if a beast bee stung of him annoint with the oyle and it wil helpe and so like of other venemous worms put in oile but if yée haue none thereof so that the wounde shew faire and without danger yee shall but take of brused Cummin mixed with tarre and so annoint therewith and plaister it thereon also and it will take away the daunger thereof But if it doe grow inward to an impostume then it shal be best to burne it with a hoat yron so much as is corrupted and then annoynt it with tarre and oyle and so it heales Some lappes a liue spider in claye earth and when it is drie hanges it about the beasts necke and by that they say it preserues the beast from being stung therewith Againe some doe stampe of wormewood or Southernewood with Uinegar and clappes it on the venomed place and it helpes Also to take beaten cammamile with hony and lay it too doth the like Also take of house leeke stampe it with ale and giue it to drinke or the water of a Lilly roote bruised and strained in water vinegar so giuen to the beast Remedies against diseases of the eies THe eie of a beast is tender is a principal meÌ„ber soone may be hurt diuers wayes The griefs therof are coÌ„monly healed with hony but when they do inflame and swel theÌ„ they mixe of the meale of pure wheat with honied water lay it too Also if an oxe haue yâ— haw in the eye ye shal heale it with the salt of the montain or spanish salt or Sal armeniacke or sal Capadoce any of these beateÌ„ into a fine pouder and blowne with a quill thrée morninges into his eye Likewise the pouder of the roote called in Gréeke Silphion in English pelliter of Spayne mixe with
calued within the prime which is counted the fiue daies after the change for those will not proue well as some husbands saie Nor likewise also any calfe or other then calued is not good for to keepe but to eate or sell among a hundred calues two shal be sufficieÌ„t for to make buls as for al the rest it shal be best to geld them soone after they are calued or at 2. yéeres of age then to lay vpoÌ„ the sores yâ— ashes of vine twigges burnt and mixt with litarge And on the 3. daie after ye may melt of tarre and mingle of the said ashes therewith and annoint therewith for feare of swelling Also the manner of gelding of Calues Mago doth counsel and say yâ— calues would be gelded when they are are young and tender not with any yron But with a clouen hazel sticke so pressed together and then race the codde by little and little til it be consumed This he taketh to be the bestway of gelding when they are young and tender for this kinde of waie is done with owten wound For when a calfe is somwhat bigge he would better tarry vnto two yéeres then to geld him at one yeere which to geld them is best in Autumne when the moone is in decreasing and the signe from that place yee shall then cast him and traues his feete together and before yee touch him with yron yee must take vp his stones then take two streight lathes like rulers of wood made like a paire of barnicles or tonges Then take vp the stones with the nerfes and stringes that the stones doe hang by then close your tongs vnder betwixt his body his stones close them harde together leauing the stones on the outside thereof some gelders make them of yron for the more strength Then slit the purse first of one codde and put foorth the stone thereat and cut him off within hard by the saide tongs and close by the nerfs and so likewise take foorth the other stone and then some doe seare it for bléeding too much and annoyntes it with fresh greace and lets him goe but see to cut them in suche sort that yee leaue the endes of the stringes ioyning to the saide nerfes for thereby hee shall not loose much of his bloud nor shall not bée all feminate nor yet very stout of his members in leauing still the forme of the male although the force of engendering be taken away the which he will not sodainly loose by and by after he is gelt for when a horse or bul is gelt they wil if ye wil suffer them couer incontinent and certainly engeÌ„der which ye shal not suffer none so to do for feare least they die of the bloudie fluxe but after ye haue so dressed him ye shal annoint him with freshe greace Some doe annoynt after he is cut with the ashes of the tender vine branches mixt with the skinne of siluer theÌ„ ye shall giue them no drinke for the space of thrée or foure dayes but to eate of greene herbes and giue him but little thereof for ye shall nourishe him as though hee were sicke in giuing him the croppes of trees and greene herbes The least danger in gelding an olde beast is a Boare all other beastes are more daungerous beyng gelded when they are olde Some doe vse a kind of gelding young calues or fooles as I haue heard vnder nine daies or assoone as the stones descended downe into the codde they wil by and by take him knitte softly the purse of the codde betwixt the stones and his bodie with a shoemakers threed and as the foale doeth grow increase the stones will consume and weare away which kinde of gelding as I haue learned they doe vse in the North partes Aristotle saith it is ieopardy in gelding al kind of cattell beeyng olde except â—ara be and likewise it is best gelding in the increase of the moone for it will make them growe faire large and bigger than those which are gelded in the wayne of the moone so that ye gelde or spay in a good signe Also in cutting or letting blood these signes are counted most daungerous if the Moone haue power ouer them As Taurus Leo Gemini Virgo and the latter part of Libra and Scorpio and also the two signes gouerned vnder Saturne as Capricorne and Aquarius The rest are all good as Aries Cancer Sagittarius and Pisces so that the Moone be not in them Also ye shal note that if the signe bee comming within a daie of the cut place it shall not then bee so good to cut with out a more daunger as when the signe is once past the place For a greene wounde beeing newly cutte the signe comming nigh vnto it will cause it to bleede afreshe beeyng but a little moued or else to growe and bréede to some impostumation of blood or other humours which hath byn often séene among cattell whereby they haue died thereof but to gelde your calues when they are but young is counted best As when they are of sixe or eight weekes olde for else as some husbandes saie they will not commonly proue so faire nor so good to weane If any calfe do swel after he is new glded some doe vse to burne one of his stones to powder and so beate it small and cast it thereon and some doe mixe it with neates foot oyle and so annoints the sore place therewith The charge to the keeper and gouernour of cattell THe kéeper and gouernour of cattel must alwayes be diligent to foresee that his cattel haue meate in due season that his stalles be cleanely kept and that no poultrie hens or duckes or hogges doe vse at any time the saide stalles For the feathers of poultrie is vnholesome for cattell and also their doung bréede the murraine in cattell as some doe iudge and the doung also of hogges doeth them no good and likewise the lice of hogges will make them vnquiet and scabby Also the kéeper ought to rubbe them daily that labour and to kembe them with a carde which will make them the lustier and to washe their feete with colde water when they labour not will doe well Yée shall also know the force and age of an oxe in visiting his mouth for he wil cast his two formost teeth within ten moneths of his first yeere and within sixe weekes after that hee will cast the two next teeth vnto them and about the ende of three yeeres he will chaunge and cast them all And when they are growen all full vp agayne they will then bee all equall white and long But when the Oxe beginneth to waxe olde they will returne and waxe crooked and blacke and likewise vnequall Also for Oxen to labour the black Oxe and the redde oxe are the best and the brown or gréeseled Oxe are next the white Oxe is worst of al colours An Oxe wil serue well to labour til he be of ten yeeres not after
your Oxe haue a greate codde and a Cowe to haue a bigge nauill for that is a good signe she shoulde be well tallowed yee must take heede also where yee buye anie leane cattell or fatte and of whom and where they were bredde for if ye buy from a better ground then yee haue your selfe those cattell will not so well like with you yee shall also looke if there bee no manner of sicknesse among those cattel in the quarter or parishe where ye intend to buy For if there be other murrē or long saugh or other infectiue disease it is great ieopardie buying any beast comming from thence For one beast wil soon take sicknesse of another which sicknesse will perhaps continue tenne or twelue yeeres or more ere it wil appeare on him If any beast chance to be sicke ye shal auoyde him soone from the rest of his companie These and such like rules the buyer ought alwaies to haue respect and take good heede thereof Against the murren or plague among Cattell AS for the murren or plague among cattell there be mē enough sayeth he that can helpe the same beeing taken betimes Which disease cōmeth of an infection of blood and it appeareth commonly first in the head for then his head wil swell and his eyne waxe greate and they wil runne of water And when he doe once froth at the mouth hee is then past remedie but shortly after hee will dye and yet when they are thus sicke they will eate The remedies are yee shal flea the beast that is so dead and burie him in a deepe pitte and couer him wel with earth that no dogges can come to the carrion For so many beastes as do smell thereof are like to be infected with the same disease therewith yee shall have the skinne streight to the tanner carrie it not home for feare of more peril maie fall thereof there is a common vse and done of a great charity which is they will put the beast skinne on a pole and then sette it in a hedge fast bounde to a stake by the high waye side that euery man ryding by maie perceiue thereby where the sicknesse of cattell is and also in what towneshippe and they holde an opinion it will thereby cease the rather which I doe scarcely beleeue But a beast hauing the murren being flead it will appeare betwéene the flesh and the skinne for it wil be as though it were full of froth bubbles like bliffers some blackish some blewe and some yellow which wil commonly be in a fatte B 〈…〉 an ynch◠thicke and more déepe in the flesh There haue beene some Beastes that haue dyed of the murren as I haue beene credibly tolde hee that fleade him died soone after and he that went with it to the tanner and the horse that carried it and the tanner that tanned it all these died soone therevppon which was thought it was by the infection of the stinking skinne but beeing true it was a maruellous infection Wherefore it is thought good of some to burie them whole for feare of a further inconuenience this is thought good of some to take a small corde and binde it harde about his necke then on the farre side yee shall feele a great vayne and with a launcet yee shall strike thereon and lette him bloud a pint or more and so likewise on the other side of hys necke Then take away the corde and it will sodaine stanche but if the signe be there he is in more daunger of bleeding stil If he so doe ye shall clappe to bruised nettles and salte or wilde tansie bruised and laide too and some therefore doe giue them drinkes Thus must yee serue al your cattell that are infected or beeyng together in one pasture so doing ye shal auoyde the greater danger in this disease For the murren is taken by venoumed grasse by companie and poisoned water and by hunger The rearing of Calues for encrease IT shall bée good for husbandmen to reare yearely so manie calues as they conueniently can keep to maintain his stocke chiefly those calues that do fal betwixt candlemas May for in that season their milke maie best bee spared and by that time there will bee sufficient grasse to weane them and in Winter following they will bée strong enough to saue themselues among other cattell hauing nowe and then some small helpes and also the Dams by Iune shal be the readier againe to take the bull to bring other calues in the time aforesaide and if a Cow tarry til after May ere she calue The calfe wil be too weak in the winter following and the dam wil not be so ready to take the Bul againe but thereby oft time go barren Also to reare a calfe after Michaelmas and to kéepe the dam at hard meate as they doe in some countries it woulde be too costly al the Winter and a cow abroade will giue more milke with a litle grasse then muche fodder lying in the close house or fed with hay and straw remaining in the stall for the drie and harde meate doth diminish more milke a great deale than grasse As for those husbandes that haue but small pasture or none at all must doe as they may and in my minde it were farre better for them to sell theyr calues than to reare them whereby they may saue the milke to a more profite for the kéeping of his house and the Cowe then wil the rather goe to the Bull againe Also if the husband goe with an Oxe plough it shal be then meete to reare two Oxe calues and two Cow calues yearely to holde vp his stocke if he can so doe and it wil be the more profite Also it is better to weane calues at grasse than at harde meate if they were at grasse before And those that can haue seuerall pastures for their kine calues shall doe well and reare with lesse coste then others The weaning of Calues with haye and water will make them haue great bellies because they stirre not so well therewith as with grasse and they will the rather rotte when they come to grasse And agayne in Winter they woulde bee put in houses rather than to remaine abroade and to giue them but haye on nightes and to pasture them in the day time And thus beyng vsed they shall bee muche better to handle when they shall be kine or oxen to serue to any other purpose The losse of calfe lambe or fole which is the least losse YE shall vnderstand the least hurt for the husbandman is his cow to cast her calfe then his eawe to cast her lambe or mare her colte because the calfe will sucke so much milke as he is worth before he shall be able to kill And of the yowes milke there cometh no profit but the lambe yet in some countries they weane their lambes and milke their yowes which is a hinderance for them to take the ramme in drie season But thereby oftimes goeth
it in butter then cut his dewlop ii inches beneath the sticking place then open it round with your finger or with a sticke on both sides beneath then put in your stuffe ye shal cut your dewlop 4. fingers aboue the bottome therof Then must yee tye a strong threede vnto your stuffe to plucke it vp and down as ye shall sée cause in euery third day and it will rot the sooner If the humour do not rot then change your stuffe and put in newe And he shall do well Against the pantase in a beast IF Oxe or other beast haue the pantase hee will shake much and quiuer in the flankes and pant The cure Ye shall giue him some runnet soote and chamberlye mixt together Against swelling by eating the tine worme YE shall giue him wine salt and treacle For a stroke in eye laye thereunto the iuice of sma 〈…〉 h fennel and the white of an egge The garget or swelling in a beast comes sometimes on the bone of the eyelid which wil be like a botch or bile The cure Cut the skinne round about the eye and againe about that cut another skinne betwixt that and his lippes if it come to his lippes it is vncurable The cure Take wine and salte sod together and wash the place euening and morning till the swelling go away Then scrape of all the scales and filth then annoint the place with narueil andhony boild together and that will both heale and skin it A practise against the murren in cattell TAke the rootes of Angelica the sea thistle mixt with fennell séede take of new wine of wheate flower boile them and so giue it sprinckle the beast also with hot water and he shall recouer When horse bullocke or other beast is sicke Then take bearefoot hearbe for a bullocke they put it in his dewlop for a horse in his breast for swine or shéep through the eare wherein ye shall make a hole with a lattin bodkin and the said roote of bearefoot put through the hole of the eare and to make a perfume take powder of brimstone vnslet lyme garlicke wilde margerum and coriander laid on coales so they may receiue the fume thereof which will heale them Ye shall alwaies haue ready for your cattel fenegreke one pound licoras halfe a pound of graines one pound of turmericke halfe a pound of bay beries a quarter of a pound of long pepper one pound of treacle of Iene one pound of anniseseedes one pound of cummin halfe a pound of madder halfe a pound of orpemint halfe a pound which groweth in many woods Against belching or euill liking in cattell Take pelitor of Spaine hearbe grace fethersue sage horehound of ech like of bay salt three pintes of strong new ale to the value of the rest let all boile together three or foure walmes then strain it and giue to ech beast a good part thereof a mornings fasting warme and then let them not drinke till the after noone If it helpe not he will grone and remoue from place to place Then shall yee binde his taile close or nye the rumpe and giue him a quart of wine mixt with a pint of good sallet oyle Then driue him apace a mile and halfe Then rake him annointing your handes with oyle or grease Wherein some let him bloud vnder the taile nie the rumpe There is a disease in beastes which some husbandes call the tayle To helpe it yee shall feele softly the softest place vnder his tayle and make a slitte theron two inches long open it and laye thereto saite and garlicke stampe and binde it fast thereto with a cloth and it will helpe it For the collicke in the belly of beastes is soone put away in beholding a goose or ducke on the water swimming Against the laske in beastes ye shall helpe him in giuing him the powder of sloes with cold veriuice or water Against the bloudy flixe The cure some do not vse to let them drinke in thrée daies and thrée nightes and then they giue him the stones of grapes and raisons beat in powder two pound with a quart of sower wine fasting so vse theÌ„ If theÌ„ they mend not they vse to burn their forhead through the skin to the bone and cut their eares wash the wounde with oxe pisse till it be whole The cuts are to be heald with oile and pitch het and plaistered If calues haue a laske take swéet milke and put râ—nnet therein so that the calfe maye well drinke thereof luke warme and it will staye it el 〈…〉 e leaues be ill If a bullocke haue the cough ye shall giue him a pint of harly meale with the yelke of an egge and raisings boilde with a pint of white wine then straine it and giue it fasting to the beast Also take graines in powder and mixe it with flower and fride beanes and meale of tares sturre all together and giue it like a mash to the beast Against an old cough take ii pound of Isope steept in iii. pints of water then brused and mixt with flower and so make him to swallow it and after poure the water that the Isope was steept and sod in into his throat If calues haue the cough ye shal beat centory to powder and so giue it with ale If they haue the agâ—â— ye shal perceiue it by the watering of their eies and heauines in their head which they wil hang down And also driueling at their mouth their vaines beating with a great heat ouer all their bodies The cure Let them fast a day and a night the nexte day be times let them bloud vnder the tayle Then within one houre after to giue to them xxx cole woort leaues and stalkes sod with oile water and salt To heale the kibes ye shall cut them forth as nye as yee can and let them bléede wel Then take verdigrease and the yelke of a new laid egge wel beaten and stampt so bind it to the griefe and it will helpe and heale it Ye shall bath them with stale beere or old sod with iuie leaues and so make it with the combs of hony and dride camemile mixt together If oxe or bullockes feet he néere worne ye shall wash theÌ„ with warme oxe pisse then burne a few small brushes and when the flame is done ye shal let the beast stand and walk on the embers a prety while then annoint his hornes with tar and oile mixt with hogs grease In so doing they wil neuer lightly halt after Yf ye wash their féet and then their pasturns and also rub betwéene their clées with swines grease it will auoyde scabbes and such Also scabbes and such lyke is healed and gotten awaye in rubbing and chasing them with stampt garlicke If any vaine be ent and so bléed lay his own dung thereon or els clap to brused nettels and salt and it will stop A common medicine for all diseases in cattell Take the root of the
doūg his water or pisse or if he make his doung strong with whole corne or if it bee too hard or too soft or haue therein wormes or is of an ill colour or his breath sauour or his pisse to be too thicke or too thin or too redde or too white all these are signes hee is not wel in his body or some surfet and raw digestion or some other grief in his raines blood or stones By these signes also it is well known if he be slow and heauie in labour or duller with the spurre then he was wont or in spreding his litter or of tumbling in the night or a short breath or lowde snufling in his nose in casting his vapours out thereat or immediatly after his prouender to lye downe or in drinking taking long draughts or in the night sodaine downe and sodaine vp or to be hot on his pastornes and betwixte his eares or his eares to hang downe more than they were woont or his eiesight dimmer more hollower in his head or his haire to stand vpright or staring or his flanckes hollow and empty When any of these signes doe appeare the horse is not well and some doe féele his stones if they be hot or cold smel at his nose and thereby to iudge of his griefe and when any is not wel he would be set apart by himselfe til he be whole againe If any blinde vnlearned horsléech doe chaunce to lette bloud in any place where as the signe or moone hath power thereof if it bléede much it shal be good to binde thereon of nettles all to bruised or stamped or new horse doung mixt with chalke and Uinegar and remoue it not for thrée daies or els to take of burnt woollen cloth feathers or silke or to stampe the herbe Peruincle and lay it too or wilde tanzie bruised and laide too All these will doe wel to stench blood in time of néede Also the coame aboue the Smithes forge clappe too and it wil stench of the aboundance of blood there comes manie euils Which is knowne by these signes hée wil often be rubbing his doung wil sauour strong his vrin wil be redde thicke and stinke his eyes bloudy casting a watry humour and eateth more commonly than hee was woont bréeding also pushes knottes and knobs in the skin and body with some inflammatiōs and oft knapping with his teeth which ye shal heale thus If these signes doe appeare let him bloud on the middle vayne in the necke so much as yee shall see cause if he be weake take the lesse a pound and a halfe or two pound They vse to let bloud 4. times a yeere to keepe their horse in health At the Spring in Sommer in Autumne and in Winter But thrise a yeere is thought necessarie which is at midde Aprill for then the blood doeth multiplie And in the beginning of September because the blood is hotte by vnequall vapors and at Christmas because the blood is then growne thicke to make it more thiner And some horse maisters say let not bloud except great need in young horses especial not an olde horse but purge for it doth but weaken his strength But yet herein know alwaies the strength of the young horses or if they haue neede or not as to haue redde eyes hotte vaynes hotte skinne and ytching his haire falling away and loose his backe hotte and il of digestion Al these afore saide are euil be not then negligent to helpe by letting bloud on the necke vaine Then if it swel after ye shal clap to of white vine leaues sodde in water and it shal slack and doe wel The Poll euill is an yll sorenesse to heale if it grow lōg and it is betwixt the eares in the nape of the necke it doe come of euil humours growen to that place and it wil grow by beating the horse about the head which many rusticall and rude Carters doe vse not in regarding nor considering the danger therof for that is the weakest and tenderest part of the head and by such strokes many Cart horses haue that disease specially in Winter Which yee shal soone perceiue by swelling of the place and hanging downe his head in eating his meate with great payne rotting more inwarde than outward and at length wil breake of it selfe which wil then be the more harder to heale but ye shal do wel to ripe it with a plaister of hogges greace layde to as hotte as yee can and keepe his head as warme as yee can shifting the plaister daily til it doe breake if it wil not soone breake yée shal launce it in the softest place or burne it thorow with a hotte yron in beginning a litle vnder and thrust it vpward a good depth thorow the softnesse thereof then keepe it open with tentes dipped in hogges greace and let the matter descende forth and plaister it with the same shifting it once a day which shal be good to kil the heate thereof Use this for foure dayes then take halfe a pound of Turpentine washed cleane in water and then the water dryed off and put there to yelkes of egges with some saffron and mingle it al wel together then search the wound with some whole quil and make a tent of a peece of a spunge that it may reach to the bottom thereof and so bigge as it may fil the wound and thrust it home with the finger and plaister it with warme hogs greace changing it once or twice a day til it be whole If the swelling do cease then vse but the tent only and as it doe heale make your tent lesser and lesser till it be thorows whole A broken wynded horse is hardly healed and soone gottē for his wind is soone broken by hasty running or vehement labour beyng fat or after he is watered or by long standing in the stable without stirring or by eating dusty hay which thing ye shal perceiue by the rising of his nostrils and hys slanks and at his tuel then if he be sore chafed he wil cough and blow thick it wil least appeare when he is at grasse or empty bodyed The remedies ye shal take of cloues and nutmegs 3. drams of galigal cardamomū together 3. drams of soot of bay seeds of cummen more then the other Make al these into fine powder and put it in white wine tempered with a litle saffron Then put to so many yelkes of egs as al the other in quantitye then temper it al together with the sodden water of lycoras and make it so thinne that he may easily drinke it with a horne and tye vp his head for an houre space after that the drinke may descend down into his guts then take and lead him forth softly that it may work the better and not cast it vp againe and let him not drinke of foure twenty houres after The secōd day ye shal giue him fresh grasse to eate branches of willow or suche like that by eating
the splint Then when the haire begin to grow again ye shal fier it in down strokes with a hot yrō in iii. or iiii places like lines til the skin looke yellow frō the pasturn to the hoofe and then laye molten pitch and rozen on flockes of his colour and so clap it to and let it so remaine till it fall of it selfe away Also some do say the ringbone cometh of a bloud in a young horse which they helpe thus They knit fast a shoo makers threed aboue his knées and let it so remaine for a space and that will stay the course of the bloud if it come of bloud but this must be done at first before it grow on the horse foot Of the foundring of a horse there is a foundring in the bodie by eating sodainly to much prouender afore he is colde after his trauaile which for lacke of digestion do bréede ill humours and taketh awaye his strength and thereon he will be so féeble scant able to sturre his iointes or being downe not able to rise so troubled with paine not able to stale There is a foundring for a horse to stand still in the stable and not sturde There is also a foundring in letting your horse drink by the way when he is hot A saying is ride him in the water but to the pasture and let him drink being hot he founders ride him to the knées he founders not ride him to the belly he founders which comes by sodaine cooling in his bodie which causeth a watrish humour to fall downe to his legs and feete and will make him cast his hoofes Some do founder but afore and sometimes on all foure feet and some say a horse may be foundered in traueiling on hotte sandy waies and sodainely to ride him but through a shallow water ye may founder him also by taking cold after a great heat or by standing stil on the stones or cold ground he being hot or in a cold wind The foundring in the bodie the signes are these his haire will stare he wil seeme chylly and shrinke together of all foure hanging downe his head forsaking his meate with quaking after his drinke and within three or four daies hee will fal a coughing The best remedy is to purge him by some glister or by purging otherwise The foundering in the féete the signes are he will within xii or xxiiii houres after crouch on his hinder legges and his fore feet wil be so stiffe that he is not able to moue them and go as though he could not well tread on the ground and readie alwaies to stumble Then shall ye immediately garter ech legge a handfull aboue the the knée or hough hard with a list Then walke and chafe him to put him in a heat and when he is warme let him bloud on both the vaines on the breast and kéepe the bloud and take a quart or two of that bloud with two quartes of wheat flower halfe a pound of bole armeniac halfe so much of sanguis draconis with fiue or sixe egges and a pint or more of strong vinegar then mixe them well al together and chafe al his shoulders back loynes breast and fore legges therewith and then walke him on some hard ground and let him not stand still and when all the geare is drie ye shall chafe him with more and renew it againe and so walk him three or four houres after and then set him in the stable and giue him a little warme water mixt with some malte and giue him some haye and prouender and then walke him againe either within the house or abroad if it be not to colde And thus ye shall vse him for foure dayes and when all your oyntment is spent then cloth him warme and let him stand and ly warme and let him eate but little meat for iiii daies If he mend not then it is a signe the humour is in his féet then must ye take of his shooes and search with your buttres and pare his soles afore in the middest of his toes till the water and bloud come forth and so let him bléed well therat Then stop it with hogs grease salt and brused nettles or with turpentine and hogs grease so melted together and laid to with flaxe and some do but stop his féet with stampt nettles salt and hogs grease but first tacke on his shooes with a lether and then stop him and put vnder the shooe a thinne péece of stiffe leather to kéepe in the stuffe and let him run to grasse and then shift it once a weeke till he bee whole If ye let him run a quarter he will be the sounder Also some say if ye let him bloud soone after he is foundred aboue his hoofes that will helpe him from anie further danger Another way Others do cut the skin on the insides or on the fountaine of his legs the length of a finger and filles a hollow straw with quicksiluer and make it flye abroad and so let him remaine till he be whole Of graueling a horse is a fretting vnder the inside and out side of the foot which will make him to halt therefore hee will couet to go on his toes They are small grauely stones coming vnder the shoo betwixt the foot and the calking of the shoo or chrushes and by long trauaile it wil eate into the quicke And whereas the shooe lyeth flat to the foote there it will soone grauell and wil not lightly forth againe and it is soone mended at the first The cure ye shall pare the hoofe get forth al the grauel cleane for if ye leaue any grauell it will bréed to a sorenes called aquitter bone and then must ye stop him with turpentine and hogs grease melted together and laid on tow or flaxe then clap on the shooe and keepe it stopt and shift it euery day till it be whole and let him come in no wet If ye stop it not wel to kéep down the flesh it will rise aboue the hoofe and then shal ye haue more busines and put your horse to more paine The enterfering of a horse comes to some by kind oftentimes it is for lack of a skilful smith by il shooing for he will beat one foot against another against the fetherlockes on both the inner sides thereof both behind and before and by long beating and chafing one foote against the other he will beat of the skin and make it to bléed and when sand goeth in it will fret and chafe it but he that is a skilfull smith maye help it in shooing if there be any help to be had for by paring and shooing he may helpe it The cure Take may butter if ye can or els new fresh butter with a quantitie of yellow rozen as much naruoile then fry them all together in a pan and then let it stand till it be cold and put it in a pot and put to a little cow dung and annoint therewith and if ye
his féete with branne and hogges grease boylde together and laid to hotte and so with the same couer all his hoofe al ouer and bind it fast on with a cloth in shifting it once a daye till it be whole and giue him warme water and also let him stand warme and drie likewise till he be whole and sound Against the blindnes in horses some horses wil waxe sodainely blind which is gotten diuers waies Hee maye become blinde of a straine or by great labour in carrying a great burthen He may waxe blinde by some stroke in the eye but taken betimes there is remedies The cure If the sight be gone and the ball of the eye sounde yee shall take a quantitie of maye butter with a quantitie of rosemarie and a little yellow rozen with a quantitie of Selandine then stampe all together and frye them with the may butter Then straine it and kéepe it in a close boxe for it is a iewell for the eyes that are sore to haue it alwayes readye And this is good also for all cuttes being neuer so euill and is good for the pinne and the webb in a mans eye Against wéeping eies wash or spurt it with warme white wine twise or thrise a day also seth the white of an egge in water and mixe it with cummin and lay it to all a night or more as ye shall see cause Also ground iuie beaten and mixt with waxe and plaistred to or wormewood sod in wine and bath it oft therewith And when his eye is striken with whip or such like Ye shall open his eye liddes with two nippers of woode made for to hold fast the eye liddes like a paire of barnicles for the horse nose and then to holde them open and with a quill blowe in some beaten salt or sandeuer Yee shall blow in the iuice of the rootes of selandine into his eye or the iuice of the rotes of rue cald of some hearbe grace Also make an hoale in an egge and put forth all that is within it and fill it with pepper and put it in some potte of earth that nothing come vnto it and put it in some potte of earth that nothing come vnto it and put it in a burning ouen till it be white hote Then take it forth and beate that pepper to pouder and blow thereof into the horse eye Another proued Take a peble or pauing stone as the Romanes vsed to paue with and beate it vnto a fine pouder and bolt it thorow a fine cloth and blow of that pouder into the horse eye twise a day till it be whole If ye will make it stronger put the pouder in a new wodden dish and cleanse out all the greatest with your finger and take the finest and that will heale any pin or webbe in horse or man If bloud appeare in the eye ye shall take the white of an egge beate it and lay it to with tow Another The tops of haw thornes boiled in white wine and laide to For a hurt or striken eye ye shall take a small loafe of bread and pull out all the crumme and fill the loafe full of burning coales vntill it be well burnt within Then take of that crust and put it in white wine and put it on the eye Use this often Then take sope water and cold water mixt and wash the eye browes therewith If it go not awaye open the vayne of the head that leades to the. If his eye be rubbed or chaft ye shall let bloud of the eye vaine and wash his eye with colde sope water and put a small splenter on his eye and he will do well And to helpe the red eyes yee shall laye a plaister of red ointment or red lead Or take the iuice of plantaine stampt and mixt with white wine and laid to For sore eies stampe strong nettles and straine that with beere and thereof spurt it into the horse eye twise or thrise together Then put of the powder of sandeuer finelye made into his eye Or blowe thereof into his eye And see that your horse take no wynde or colde of his eye vntill hee bee whole againe If yee must ride him soone after put a cloth afore his eye of woollen It were good to let him bloud on the vayne vnder the eye and then twise dressing will suffice A fistula is an ill sorenes to heale and often times breedeth through gallings and chafing sores which for lacke of looking to betime it groweth to a fistula The cure First search it well with an instrument of lead that maye bowe each waye to the bottome of the wound then finding once the bottome If yee can cutte it out rounde to the bootome with a razor and take it out and feele with your finger if there bee anye fleshe amisse grystle or bone perished If there bee yee must cutte it out Then mixe the powder of verdigrease and honye together and boyle them till that it looke redde and sturre it still for burning to And being luke warme dippe a tent of flaxe therein and tent him therewith and laye a boulster of flaxe thereuppon If that will not abide laye on a plaister of pitch and sowe it fast crosse thereon with a packe threede or other such lyke which yee maye so tye it that yee maye remoue and open it at all times and see that yee chaunge your tent once a daye tyll it leaue mattering and alwaies make your tent lesse and lesse till it bee helde vppe and in the ende sprinkle a little vnslekt lyme thereon to close it vppe But if this will not heale to the bottome to drye vp the matter ye must poure in some stronger water and so vse it twyse a daye till it bee whole Another Take two quartes of white wine vinegar of camphere halfe an ounce of mercurie precipitate halfe an ounce of gréene treacle iii. ounces of red sage a handfull of yarrow and ribwoort of each a handfull of hony halfe a pint of bores grease halfe a pint boile al these together til a quart be wasted and with this ye shal wash and clense the wound Then to heale the same ye shall take oile of roses virgine waxe rozen of each a quantitie of turpentine triuenian v. ounces the gum of iuy of deare suet boile these together and dresse the wound first but with the water vntil it gather to a white matter and then dresse it with your salue til it be whole And for a fistula in the head some do saye Take the iuice of hâ—usléeke and dippe therein a locke of wooll and put it in his eare and binde it fast Use this once a day and ye shall sée experiences Another After ye haue cut out all the rotten flesh bath it well with the groundes of ale made warme and then wipe the bloud cleane awaye Then take butter rozen and frankencense a little and boyle them all together and boyling hotte poure it into the wound vse him
pare hollow his féete nigh to the quick then race him with a crooked launcet from the heels to the toe in 2. or 3 places raise the hoofe on both sides of your races let him bleed wel then clap two or three harde egges as hotte as yee can and as these doe coole take new and lay hot horse doung thereon and about his hoofe and so he shal soone recouer and be well againe as before To know the age of a horse YE must féele of his bridle téeth aboue at a yéere olde he wil shout forth a tooth at two yéeres two teeth at three yeeres foure teeth at fiue yeeres fiue teeth aboue A mare that hath bridle teeth aboue shee will bring few coltes or none and when his vaine tooth is with an edge towarde the fore téeth he is eight yéeres A drinke to comfort a horse YE shal boile in ale great raisons the stones taken forth of licoras and Anniséeds in like quantitie of cummin and sallet oyle straine it and giue it with a horne or take also of turmericke fenegreke Anniseeds lycoras and sallet oyle let your powders be searst very fine mixe them all milke warme and so giue it with a horne To heale an impostumed wounde TAke and hollow two or thrée great enyons and put therin a cursie of bay salt and a litle hole saffron and so rost them vnder the embars and plaister wise laie them al hoate on the wounds If ye would haue the skin of make a playster of Cow doung sodde in milke and clappe it too for 24. houres which wil take away the skinne putrified But the other will heale al wonndes alone by it selfe The Horse tongue hurt with the bridle YE shall boyle in water of woodbind leaues of black brier leaues of primrose leaues knotgrasse with some hony sod then put to a litle allum once or twice a daye to make it luke warme and wash his tongue therewith with a clowte tied on a stickes ende and this will soone heale it againe For a Horse that doth tire on the way TAke slyse a péece of freshe béefe and lap it about his bit and fasten it with a threed and then bridle him ride him and he will not lightly tyre To helpe a horses mouth venoumed called of some the Camery THe Camery is a disease in the tongue and lips of a horse which hath eaten some venomed grasse or haie that dogs or cattes haue pissed on which wil make his tongue to haue like cliftes and scabbes and his vpper lippe vnder to be full of blacke whealkes or pimples which will let him to eate hardly anie meate The cure is ye shall take out his tongue and pricke the vaines vnder the end in sixe or eight places so vnder his vpper lip and let him bléed wel then al to rub it with salt then the next day wash it with some Uinegar and rubbe it againe with salt and he shal do wel againe and giue him warme drinke a day or two after Duoth Sharpe To helpe the bagges in the mouth of a horse THe bagges or geakes is an easie sorenesse to heale which is hard gristles being on the insides of a horses mouth in the weakes of his lippes or mouth which will often goe betweene his téeth and trouble him that he cannot eate nor chew wel his meate The remedy Yee shal take foorth his tongue and put a rowling pin of wood vnder so hold it out on the contrary side then shal ye with the point of the sheares clip an ynch long of that inner gristle cleane away theÌ„ turne his tongue and doe the other side of his mouth likewise and then rub them wel with salt and let him goe and they will shrinke awaie and the horse shal do well againe A proued medicine to kil mangie on a horse TAke a pound of blacke sope a pottle of mustard foure peniworth of brimstone made in fine powder thrée penieworth of quicksiluer wel killed with fresh greace two peniworth of verdegreaceÌ„ a quarter or lesse of a pint of greace stirre all these together in a vessel till the greace and other thinges be molten with labour and without fire and therewith annoint the mangie sore but first let him blood then after two daies washe it with the water that young broom or At semanacke herbe hath béene well sodde in and smally chopt and mixt with a little powder of soote and lette those séeth wel together and this wil help him with once annointing and twise washing To ripe an impostume in anie outward part SEeth mallow rootes and lillie rootes in water bruise theÌ„ and mixe them with porkes greace and put to of linséede meale and plaister wife laie it to against the impostume of a cold cause seeth white mints in wine and oile or ale and butter so laie it too This wil destroy and wast a hard impostume Also for a cold impostume stampe cuckospit with old greace and so plaister it on this wil waste it also Againe against a hotte impostume stampe liuerwort and mixe it with the grounds of ale it wil help or bruised with mallowes at the beginning mixt with hogs greace and all hot laide to will ripe an impostume or the grouÌ„ds of ale or béere boiled with mallowes bath it therwith hot and plaisterwise laie it on the swelled place and it wil disperse and waste it awaie in 2. or 3. daies Also bawme stamped and mixt with hogges greace so plaistred wil ripe disperse anie cold impostumatioÌ„ Against a hot rising or swelling bruise of lettise seed or Popie séede and mixe it with oile of ree roses so plaister it on which wil helpe if it be taken betimes Thus much for swollen places and impostumes For a horse that is pricked in a ioynt among sinewes TAke of rosen pitch turpentine and Sanguis draconis then melt these together and clap it somwhat warme on the place or ioynt then take of floxe and put vpon it for that will cleane too and defend it and this wil rype it and cause it to runne if any thing wil d ee it for there is not founde a better waie to helpe a swolne ioynt Against stiffenesse of sinewes and ioyntes SEeth blacke sope a pound in a quart of strong ale till it waxe thicke like tarre then reserue it and when ye shall sée cause vse to annoint the sinewes ioynts therwith and it wil supple them and bring them againe although they be shrunke This is as wel for man as for beast For a horse that hath a canker in his mouth or throate A Horse that hath a canker or is venomed in his throate and mouth he cannot swallow his meate but it wil lie in his iawes on both â—es his mouth and oft when hee haue chewed haie he wil put it out againe and his breath wil sauor very strongly before meat and hauing this griefe he wil neuer prosper but pyne away
within ye shall then burne it round like a circle with a hot yron in xii small circles or lesse and so he will mend againe An ointment to repaire the flesh in a Wound TO repaire and to heale flesh in a wound yee shall make this ointment Take wormewood pimpernell callamint or â—ep of bawme and waxe of each a quantitie beat them all together well and then boile it ouer the fier vntill it be mixt wel all together then couch or stéepe a péece of linnen therein and lay it on the sore This ointment healeth marueilous well and repaireth the flesh againe To heale the canker on a horse TAke the iuice of daffadill rootes vii drams the iuice of hounds tongue a like of vnfleckt lyme iiii drams of arsenit powder ii drams beat all these wel together and put them in a new cleane vessel of earth close couered then boile it till it be all resolued first wash the canker wounde with strong vinegar warme Then fill the canker wound twise a day with the said compound till it be kilde and fall away Against tyring of a horse on the way IF your horse chance to tyer on the way if spurre and wande will not profit ye shall put three or foure rounde peble stones into one of his eares and so knit fast his eare that the stones fall not out and they will so rattle within his eare that he will then go faster if he haue any sprite or power Some do thrust a bodkin through the middest of the flap of his eare and put therein a pin of wood and euer wheÌ„ he flackes his pace the rider will strike on that eare with his wand and so he will mend his pace thereby Also if your horse in trauaile do waxe dull on the waye ye shall siice a péece of fresh béefe and bind it about his bit and thereon he will cheâ— on the way whereby he will continue and trauell well after To helpe the found ring of a horse IF your horse be hot ryding on the way and you ryding through a shallow water letting your horse stay to take but a sippe of water it will founder him Ye shal perceiue it for he wil often trip vnder you within a quarter of a mile riding The remedy Ye shal let him bloud as soone as ye can on the to vaine vnder of all foure feet ye may stop the bloud with bolearmeniac or but pinch it with your thumb and finger both parts of the vaine the vpper and the nether together and that wil stanch them so you may ride your horse againe on the morrow as safe as before Wel proued But if he be foundred by heat of trauel in hot sandy way and not soone remedied it will be long to heale And perhaps ascend to the ioint of the fether locke and shrinke the sinewe which wil cause him to halt and trip The remedy take the roots of nettles and hemlocke with elder pils of ech a handful boile them tender in bores grease or fresh barrowes grease so let him bloud in the mids of his foot on the to vaine then bath chafe his ioint and leg therwithal about from his knée to the fetherlock and then clap it to bind a cloth fast to as hot as ye can so vse this once a day til he be wel and this wil help wel proued And anonint his legs with suppling oiles For wolues teeth in some horse Also some horses haue wolues téeth on the vpper iawes that horse cannot grind wel his meat because the flesh will thrust betwene when he would griud which will let him greatly for féeding Which teeth some defile theÌ„ smoth with a rape and so after they wil weare smoth in doing this they do vse to cast the horse But if a horse do ouer reach his nether grinders with his vpper which ye mine féelle perceiue by sight or by féeling for his vpper téeth wil lie ouer the nether like a bunch on his chéekes and that horse cannot eate haie or hardly eate anie rough meat but it wil lie in lumps in his cheekes and vnder his tongue which griefe is gotten as some iudge by feding in watrie and mamish groandes in winter thereon comes loosenes of féeth and when a horse is so there is no helpe or remedie that I can learne but this cast him and pricke his gums and so let them bloud then rub them with sage salt and so they wil â—ast againe so vse it viii or x. daies after For the more surer but to féed him with prouender is best as with bread and graines bran ground malt and such which will be costly to kéep but so he will labour and serue a long time wel In sommer ye may put him to grasse and so he will do wel Thus much for wolues téeth in some horse and ouer reaching téeth and also for loose téeth in a horse Against the bloud or plurisie of bloud THe disease of the bloud is some young horses will féede and being fat wil increase bloud and so grow to a plurisie and some die thereof if he haue not soone helpe he will sometimes stand and eate no meate his eies will séeme red his head and body hot and he will look heauily and sodainly in eating he wil fal and die The remedy is ye shall let him bloud on the liuer vaine and so he shall do wel againe For a horse that is swolne with much wind in his body SOme horse with eating certaine windy meate or such hearbs wil be so swoln therwith as the his belly woulde burst then he wil eate no meat but stand hang down his head ready to fal and so die if he haue not spéedy helpe When ye shall sée any horse so the next remedy as I can learne iâ—ye shal take a sharpe pointed knife or bodkin and arme it so with some stay that it go not to déep for pearcing his guts Then strike him therewith through the skin into the body before the hollow place of his haunch bone halfe a foote beneath the backe bone and the wind will come out thereat Then if ye put a hollow euill therein or some father to kéepe it open a while the wind will voide the better and so heale againe When a horse is so some do rake him and some do ride him to make him breake and voide winde but this hath bene proued the best remedy to saue your horse or oxe Against loose teeth in a horse A Horse being grieued with loosenes of téeth he cannot eate but will fumble and slauer his meat in his mouth and may not swallow it downe but chew it and solye in lumps for the most part on both sides his iawes The most meat he can swallow is grasse and prouender This disease is gotten by féeding in wet pastures and wet groundes in winter and thereby his gums will shrinke from his teeth and so they will be loose and séeme long For some horse
which hath bene howsed in winter will soone take this griefs as the red sorell assoone as any other The remedy Ye shall let him bloud on the vaine vnder the taile nye the rumpe and then rub his gums with sage tide on a stickes end Also ye shall giue him for a while the tender crops of blacke bryers with his prouender and so he shal do well againe For wormes in the maw IF wormes be in the maw of a horse Take great wormes and clense them and shels of egges beat these both togesmall with a hammer and put to a quauite and pepper and so mixe them all together and being warme put it downe the horse throat For proude flesh in a wound FIrst ye shall wash the wound with wine wherein is sob nettle séede Then straw thereon a little of the â—ine powder of verdigrease and this will take it away Use this as ye sée cause To make a horse to scoure or laxatiue YE shal giue him among his prouender one ounce of brimstone beaten to small powder and this will maks him to scoure Also some giue a rye shefe some make a drinke with polypodium and spurge sod in ale and the roots of the water flagge stampt and boile them in ale and straine it and milke warme giue it a pint thereof to each horse fasting and kéep him warme after Another way to heale the mange in a horse LEt him bloud on both sides the necke if hee bee a young horse Then cut the skin downe the mids of his forehead two fingers broad or long downe right then open the skinne an inch wide on both sides the cut and put therein thinne slices of the gréene root of Ellecampane or Angelica which is better So let them remaine vnder the skin till the matter rot then crush it forth in two or three daies and in xii daies the rootes will fall as it healeth and this will helpe but yee must annoint the mange with brimstone in fine powder with verdigrease oile oliue het and mixt all together A perfect and proued way to heale the farcy or fashion in a horse TAke iii. ounces of quicksiluer halfe a pound of hogs grease of verdigrease an ounce ye shall first kill your quicksiluer in a bladder with a spone full or two of the iuice of an orringe or a limon in rubbing and chafing them in the bladder till the quicksiluer be cleane kild Then put your hogs grease in a morter or dish with your verdigrease so beat them well together Then put to your quicksiluer and beat theÌ„ al well together and so kéep it and when your horse hath theÌ„ fashion or farcy in rising on the vaines like knobs and bunches then annoint them round and all ouer those knots or bunches Use this once a day or as ye shall sée cause for they wil go no further but grow to a matter and when ye shall feele them soft launce them and the matter will run out and so daie by and heale againe Also in the nointing him ye shall put into each of his eares one good sponefull of the iuice of ragwart some call it slylote a weede growing in field and this will helpe him in few daies Against the swelling vnder a horse iawes FOr the swelling vnder or betwéene the horse iawes take his owne dung hot as soone as he makes it and with a cloth bind it fast thereto Use this twise a day and it will be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 husband â—mixe there with hot boyling pisse of men and so â—ay it to and it helpes To heale a horse hurt with harrowtines or such like on the legs or other partes YE shall first wash the woundes with mans brin and sall then take the soft down of the stalkes of hearbe benedictus cald the holy thistle and therewith fill the woundes or holes and so let them remaine and ye shall néede no other medicine For that will heale it alone onely without changing Well proued To make a horse stale MIxe wine and oyle together and rub and chafe it on his loynes or put a louse into his yard or put sope in his yard if these helpe not squirt of honied water sod then cold into his yard with some salt Another present remedy If a maid strike him on the face with her girdle he shal stale If your saddle do chafe your horse Take an hearbe calde arsemart in latin Parcicaria stamp it and lay it to which is a present remedy Teeth changing or falling A Horse hath forty teeth in the xxx moneth after his foling he looseth two aboue and two beneath Againe in the fourth yere he looseth iiii téeth two aboue and two beneath on the fift yeare he casteth the rest both aboue and beneath those that come first be hollow teeth aboue At vi yeares his hollow téeth are filde vp and in the vii yeare all the rest are fild vp Of this age ye can no longer iudge by his teeth But if ye plucke vp the skinne of his iawes or cheekes if they fall soone smoth againe is a signe he is young But if they fall wrincled he is old And like of other beastes The horse groweth not after vi or vii yeares the mare groweth not after v. yeares And to haue them bring faire colts let them not be horst but euery other yeare FINIS The Table of all the principal thinges contained in this Booke for horses A AGe of a horse to know Asses how for to nourish Age of a horse to know B BAbbes or Gekes to helpe 182 Backe gald to heale 177. 163 Barbs in the horse mouth to helpe 154 Blisters on his body to helpe 110 Blindnes in a horse to helpe 145. 165 Blood how to stanch 128 Blood a disease how to helpe 191 Blood how to let Blood letting to know where 128 Bors or wormes how to helpe 133 Bots another way 177 Breeding of coltes Brittle hoofes how to helpe 153 Brittle hoofed horse to pare 158 Broken winded horse to helpe 130 Brode hoofes how to pare C CAnker in the mouth throat 184. 189 Camery to helpe 166. 182 Canker in the taile 187 Cart horse how to vse in trauell Cart how to prepare in trauell 120 Casting of horse or other Chafings on a horse to help 107. Chafing sores to helpe 111 Clefts or crackes in the hoofe 179 Chaffe for horse to giue 167 Chafed or weary horse to helpe Cloying a horse to heale 144 Coltes with their good signes 106 Cold taken in a horse Coler abouÌ„ding in a horse to help Colts to change to other dammes Colt euil for to helpe 142 Cods inflamed 155 Colts pained in the gums or teeth 154 Couering mares in what time best 161. 104 Cordes a disease to helpe Cough to helpe 110 Cough another way 178 Couering young mares and howe best 116 Cratches to heale Crooked hoofes how best to pare Curbes a disease to helpe 137 Colours of good horses to knowe D DIseases where they breed on all horse Drinke or meat
booke intreating of the ordering of sheep and goatees hogs and dogs with such remedies to helpe most diseases as may chance vnto them Taken forth of learned Authors with diuers other approued practises verie necessarie for all men especially those which haue any charge and gouernement thereof Gathered by L. M. LONDON Printed by Iohn Wolfe 1587. A praise of the sheepe THese cattell sheepe among the rest Is counted for man one of the best No harmefull beast nor hurt at all His fleece of wooll doth cloth vs all Which keepes vs from the extreame cold His flesh doth feed both yong and old His tallow makes the candels white To burne and serue vs day and night His skinne doth pleasure diuers waies To write to weare at all assaies His guts thereof doe make whele strings They vse his bones to other things His hornes some shepeheards will not loose Because therewith they patch their shooes His dung is chiefe I vnderstand To helpe and dung the plowmans land Therefore the sheepe among the rest He is for man a worthie beast FINIS The gouernment of sheepe and remedies for such diseases as cometh vnto them AS our chiefe commoditie is to haue great cattel so is there a chiefe comditie to nourish keepe and féede smal cattell as sheepe one of the chiefest fruitfullest for the vse of man For of these beasts cometh a yearely fléece and are kept with small trouble or any other great paine but in kéeping them from cold in winter daggin in sommer scabbe bloud and such other inconueniences which cometh vnto them as well as any other catell Therfore must ye take some paine to sée thē kept in fields pastures as wel as in houses There is no man that loueth sheepe but will haue a chiefe care of them to vse and order them as they ought to be considering all the commodities the comes by them and to kéep their houses cleane warme in winter with their foldes also wel set and ordered in somer The shepheard ought to bee of a good nature wise skilfull countablo and right in all his doings wherein few is to bée found at this present Specially in villages and towns that by their idlenes long rest they grow new to wax stubborn and are giuen for the most part to frowardnes and euill more then to good profit to their maisters and euil manered whereof bréedeth many théeuish conditions being pickers lyers and stealers and runners about from place to place with many other infinite euils Which contrarie was in the first shepheards of Egipt other in their time for they were the first inuentours of astrologie and iudgement of stars and finders out of phisicke augmenters of musicke and many other liberall sciences I cannot tell whether I ought to ioyne the art of knighthood and the gouernment of kingdomes but by their long continuance in the fieldes and manye yeares séeing and viewing out of their cabbins by experiences obserued the course of the starres the disposition of times and by long vse in marking the ordered times and vnstedfastnes of daies in such sort continuing that the ancient shepheards became people of great knowlege As witnesseth Hierogliphiques and therefore al husbands ought to haue a great care in choosing of good shepheards Shéepe as wel as others ought to be the first cattell to be looked vnto if ye marke the great profite that cometh by them for by these cattell wee are chiefely defended from colde in seruing many waies in couerings for our bodies They do not onely nourish the people of the villages but also to serue the the table with many sortes of delicate and pleasant weates In some countries their milke doth serue in steede of furmentie of which are the people of Scithia cald Nomades And also the gréekes do name them Galactopotes that is to say drinkers of milke and for so much as these cattell are tender and delicate as Celsus doth affirme Therefore good heede must be taken vnto them for sickenes yet they are commonly in health except at some times they are subiect to the murren scabbe or pestilence in changing of groundes Therfore they must be chosen agreable to the nature of the place where they shal remain which is a rule meet to be obserued and kept not onely in these cattell but also in all other cattell of husbandrie whereof Virgill saith All groundes for all thinges is not good nor meete for all beastes to get their foode For the fatte Champion and pasture fieldes is good to nourish great shéep for leane shéepe and hoggerslles in closes And sheepe well flesht they shall do well in Forests and mountaines drye places and playne commons and all seuered closes are good and commodious to nourish all tender shéep and to make them battle and so to fatte well There is a great respect to be had vnto the differences of nature not onely in the sortes and bréede of shéepe but also of their colours and choosing them for experience doth shewe as the sheepe of Milesie in Athens bee great verye fayre and well estéemed Also those shéepe of Calabria and of the Appolitans and those of Tarent and now these in Fraunce be more estéemed and praysed and specially the shéepe of Torcello and next vnto these those of the leane champains as be beside Parma and Medena in Italie Also the white colour in shéepe is very good profitable as we vse here most in England For of this colour a man may make many other And the white will kéepe also his colour long The blacke and the browne be also well praised which be much vsed in Italie at Pollentia and also in high Spaine at Corube The yellow shéepe bee in Asie the which they call red sasarned shéepe Truly tha vse therof we haue had alreadie by diuers and many experiences of those kind of shéepe For in Africa where they are brought from the towne called Gaditane and there about are wild rams of strange and maruelous colours with manie other kind of beasts which are oft times brought vnto the people to make pastimes Marcus Collumella saith a man of a singular good wit and vnderstanding and verie perfect in husbandrie which brought one of those Rams of Africke with him into Fraunce and did put him in his pastures and when hee became gentle he made him to bee put vnto his yewes which ramme begat in the beginning all hearie lambs and like in colour But after that the said lambs had beene couered againe once or twise their wooli began againe to be gentle soft and fayre And at length those lambs engendring with their shéepe made their fléece and wooll as softe as gentle as ours This Collumella recorded that from the nature of the ramme by the alteration of the place and cattell they became againe to their firste estate And by little and little by good order and gouernment their wilde natures be cleane changed So likewise diuers beasts become soone gentle by well vsing
Aristolochia stampe the leaues and strainde and giuen with a litle water Shéepe oftentimes wil haue the glaunders a sneueling at their noses which comes from their lunges that neither bloodletting nor drinkes can remedie them Therefore if it continue two daies or more to separate him kil him were the best For the other as wel males as females are so nice that in smelling where hée hath sneueled sodeinly they are taken with the same euil Yet maister shepheards say it rather commeth of pouertie in winter then otherwise for it chiefely sheweth of those which haue béene brought low in winter before And at the spring time it wil show when as they begin to mend And hee which haue béene brought lowest wil haue it most vehement Some shéepe wil runne at the nose like a thin water and those which haue it sorâ— wil haue a thicke matter or sneuel hang at their nose readie to stoppe their winde and those are in danger to die it they be not soone holpen Some doe vse to take a sticke and therewith takes out all that hee can get and so makes them cleane when any occasion is and thereupon they doe amend Some other doe giue them the iuyce of bitony with honied water and makes them take it Also the herbe cald bucks berde which groweth higher then that which is cald in latin Picnocomon This groweth in forrests and shades and hath floures and séeds like a bucks beard his leaues like great parsley this herbe stampt giuen with wine is maruellous good against al cold or fleme in any part of their bodies For lambes hauing the feuer or any other grief if their be sicke the shepheard ought not to let them remain with they dammes for feare of giuing them the like disease Therefore it were best to draw some milke of the yoong and put vnto it so much of rain water and make the sick lambes to swallow it downe Some doe giue them of goates milke with a horne and to kéepe them warme for that time There is also a certain scab which runnes on the chin the which is properly calde of the shepheards the dartars the which wil kil them if they be not remedied This kinde of scab commeth by the negligence of the shepheards when as they doe suffer them to féede on grasse couered with dew which is euil and ought not to be permitted or suffered When this do chance ye shal destroy this scab which is on the mousell and lippes like as the flying fire which was afore named to remedy this is to take salt and hysope in like portion beateÌ„ togither and therewith all to fret and chafe the palet of the mouth the toong and al ouer the mousel or with selfe heale or 〈◊〉 foile then wash the scab with vinegar and afterward anoint it with tarre and hogges grease mixt togither Some do mixt a third part of verdegrease two parts of old grease and to kéep it coole they vse this medicine folowing Some do stampe the leaues of cipres in water and therwith do wash the pallet of the mouth and the sores Some shepheards do iudge this kinde of scabbe to be a kinde of pocke which wil commonly be as wel on the brisket as on his chin and as they do say it is taken by féeding after hogs which haue the swine pocks which they do but anoint them with tarre and hogges grease melted togither and so they recouer againe and if they be not holpen in time one shéepe wil infect all the rest in short space And for the comon scab some takes the pouder of brimstone with the rootes of cipres â—ixt and beaten togither by euen portions and mixe therewith also of blancht rasis of camphire and waxe and mixe it all togither and make an ointment thereof and therwith rub the scab thrise all togither Then shall yee wash it all ouer with lée salt water mixt togither and then after wash it with common water but the common shepheardes doe take nothing but tarre mixt with some fine grease There comes a scabbines also among lambes being halfe 〈◊〉 yéere old as toward winter or the next fall of the leafe yée shal in some places haue al your lambes scabby or the most thereof which cause is as shepheards doe say when the rammes be scabby that gets them all those lambes will be scabby at the next fall They do heale it in greasing them with tarre mixt with two partes of fresh grease or neates féete oyle or goose grease if ye can haue it for that is best There is also another scabbines which chaunce some times on the mousels of shéepe and yoong tegges and that comes as shepheards doe say where as there is great plentie of furres and gorse that by the eating of the tops and floures thereof they prick their lips and mousel Wherby commeth these sorts of scabs the which they heale by nointing it with fresh butter Some takes the iuyce of plantaine and fresh grease boilde togither and therewith anoint them If the wool of shéepe after a scabbines do go of as in some places the wool wil go cleane off To make it grow againe and fil the foresaid place Some shepheards doe vse to grease them with tar mixt with some other thing as butter oyle goosegrease or fresh grease for far alone is sharpe a fretter and whealer without it be mixt with some of those things afore said to make him run the better Some do vse to make the wool come soone again to mix with tar and oyle the foote of a cawdrons bottome and some doe mix with oile a litle tar the pouder of a burnt daffadil roote or the pouder of the water lilly roote or the roote of the water clote which hath abroad leafe on yâ— water Or garden cresse beaten with mustard laid too or the herbe crow foote staÌ„pt with oile laid too these do cause both wool or haire to come again in any pild place Séep wil commonly haue the cough which comes froÌ„ the lungs if it be vehement ye must giue him therfore in yâ— morning with a horne a litle oile of swéet almonds mixt with a litle white wine giue it warm giue him new straw and make him to eate of the clot herbe growing on lands Some do call it horse hoofe and this cough taketh them commoÌ„ly in the spring If they chance to haue it at any other time theÌ„ giue them fene gréeke bruised wich comin Also all these are good against the cough as to take thrée or foure leaues of mallowes dride and boilde in milke and giuen with a horne which is excellent or ginnepar leaues sod in wine strainde and giuen Also the iuice of the great nettle stampt strainde with wine and giuen warme All these are good against a cough which makes them leane Shéepe oftimes are troubled by a blood toward the canicular daies the which blood
the other in Autumne after Michaelmas The order how they doe geld one way is thus They make two crosse slits or incisions on the middest of the stones vpon each stone one and then put them forth and so annoint them with tarre There is an other maner of gelding which is more gentle and more faire but somewhat more dangerous if it bee not well done Neuerthelesse I wil therin shew somewhat and not so leaue it which is to slit on stone on the toppe and after ye haue drawne foorth that ye shall put in your fingers at the same slit and with your launcet slit the skin betwéene the two stones and by that slit ye shall crush forth the other stone and so draw him foorth gently as the other aforesaid and and then to clense out the blood and so anoint him with fresh grease And thus ye shal make but one incision or slit on the codde But this way is best for other cattel For of all sorts of catel a boare may best be gelded being olde Also against certaine sicknesse they giue some remedies as hereafter shall follow The signes to know best when that your hogges haue the feuer is this When they hang downe their heads or heare it aside or when they in féeding and pastoring do sodeinly runne and sodeinly rest againe and so fall on the ground as they were astonied and giddie Ye must therfore marke which side hee holdeth vp or hangeth his head so that yee let him blood on the eare on the other side and ye shall also open the greatest vaine vnder his taile two fingers from his rumpe or buttockes But first yee must chafe and beate it with some wande or twigge that it may bléede the better Then if the infusion after yee haue drawne blood doe beginne to swell yee shall close it togither in binding about the taile the barke of a willow or of elme And after this yee shall kéepe him in the house the space of a daie or two and yee shall giue him as much warme water as hee will drinks mixt with a pounde of barley meale And also for those hogs which haue impostumes or curnels vnder their throates They ought to be let blood vnder the toong and when ye haue drawne blood sufficient yee must rubbe and chafe all his throat and groine with salt and pure wheate meale beaten togither Some doe say there is not a better medicine then to make them to take with a horne sixe ounces of garum which yee shall lightly haue at the Apothicaries Then with a small flaxen corde binde thereunto with ferules of wood and let them so hang about his necke as they may touch the impostume and curnels and they shal do wel againe Also when as your hogs doe cast or vomit is a signe their stomacke is not wel Therefore yee shal giue them gratings or shauings of iuory with a litle of dride beaten salt And ye shal beate their beanes small and put them into the trough with their other meate before they goe to the field and they wil then remaine the more in quiet there Also there comes sometimes a sicknes amongst these beastes so that many wil be sicke togither insomuch ye shal sée them waxe leane therewith and they wil not then scantly eate any thing at all and if ye driue them to the pasture or field they wil réele and fall downe by the way And if it take them in sommer they wil lie and sléepe in the sunne all day and it taketh them as they had litargie which is a sléepie and forgetful sicknes if this disease then happen they shut vp all their hogs togither in one house and lets them there remaine a day and a night without any meate or drinke On the next day after to those that wil drinke they giue them water in the which is stampt the rootes of wilde cucumbers And so many as haue drunke thereof they will begin to vomit and by so vomiting they are purged cleane thereof and when they haue cast and cleansed all the choler and filth within their stomake then yee may giue vnto them pease fetches or beanes mixt with salt water or to cast of bay salt amongst it and then they make them to drinke luke warme water And as it is very euil and pernicious for all beastes in sommer to bee dry so is it most chiefly in hogs Yet I would not haue yee should giue your hogs water twise a day as yee doe other cattel as goates shéepe and others but if ye can in the canicular daies let them féede nigh some riuer pondes or low marshes For their heat is then so great they cannot suffice them to drinke water onely but they must also turne and tosse therein specially in myery and durtie water the which doeth greatly refresh and coole them specially those which haue fatte and great bellies And herein nature doth shewe them what is good for them But if the situation of the place wil not suffer and permit ye must then giue them largely drinke from the wel or in such a like place or els to put plentie of water into their troughes For if they haue not then all sufficient thereof to drinke they wil haue the disease of the lightes which is to be pursy and ptisicke But this disease is easily remedied by putting in their eares the iuice of pomeile so calde in French In Latin Consiligo the which I take to bee the hearbe calde light woort or comphere Likewise your hogges oftentimes wil haue the paine of the milt which doth oft trouble them and then they wil go aside and crooked with their bodies which commeth by a great drought as some do iudge but most by fruit for when fruites doe fall from the trées and lieth on the ground vntaken vp These beastes are so vnsaciable in following the swéetnes thereof that thereby they engender this disease in the splene The which ye shal remedie it by making them troughes to féed out of of the wood in Latin calde Tamarix which as I thinke is calde in English quickbeme wood And ye shal therein vse to giue them their meate and drinke and that wood wil remedie it For out of that wood wil come a water or moisture which wil heale the inflamation of that disease Sometimes there comes inflamations in the milt so that it bréeds a pestilence among hogs which comes by vnwholesome times And also the rather by their filthy bodies féeding or els by some infection through euil nourishment Therfore it wil be good sometime to kéep them fasting all a night in some dark place to cōsume the superfluous humors in them which they do encrease by their rauening gréedines Which I wil not here leaue but to speake somewhat thereof hereafter Now as touching the vnnatural kind of some of the sows there be in some kinds of thē which are so rauining they wil not passe to deuour their
own pigs which commeth clean against the nature of most cattel those are not to be suffred to liue for they be alwaies dangerous to kéepe Sowes may endure least hunger and some of them although they haue sufficient meate yet they will deuoure their yoong pigs not onely their owne but likewise others Therefore some doth thinke it not good to nourish any hog or sowe with the garbedge and inwardes of beastes as they doe in many places féede them with guttes and inwardes of beastes as in butchers houses and such like Nor yet a man should not make any estimation of that hog or sow that is desirous to féede on carion or flesh For the vsuall custome thereof will make them mankinde and by eating of dead carion and other flesh will at length make them fall to catching quicke cattell and from thence to fall vnto liuely creatures as I haue heard of credible persons say that sowes haue taken yoong children without the doores as in barnes being left alone Some out of their cradelles béeing no bodie in the house Therefore let euerie husbandman beware of the kéeping of any such rauening kinde of beast For they are verie tender of nose and will smell farre off A hog is verie hurtfull after two or thrée yeares olde therefore kill him and if they fall once to eating flesh which is dead they will soone fall to other aliue that whatsoeuer they doe once laie holde off be it capon chikin ducke lambe or pigge yee shall rather kill them or ye make them to leaue or to let it goe And this shal bee sufficient in this place for such rauening cattell A way how to féed a hog fatte in short time is ye shal take him vp and put him in the stye and giue him neither meate nor drinke the space of thrée daies and thrée nightes and then giue him continually and let it be chaunged once or twise a wéeke And hee shal be so gréedie after his great hunger that he wil alwaies be hungry in eating so that he wil be fat in short time A prooued way to helpe your measeld hog or boare is ye shal put him vp in the stie and kéep him there thrée daies and thrée nights without meat or water or any other thing Then take flue or sixe apples and in the toppes make a hole and picke out the cores and fill each apple in those holes with the pouder of brimstone verie finely beaten and stop the said holes with péeces of apples and cast them vnto the measeld hog first one or two and so the rest and béeing so hungry he wil eate them all then let him so remaine two or thrée houres after and then giue him a litle meate and no more til the next morning and the next morning serue him so againe and giue him fiue or six apples as before mentioned Thus vse your hogge the space of fiue or sixe daies and ye shall sée him waxe as cleane as euer hee was before Also they doe vse for the same to take the lées of sope mixt with some strong lée of a bucke and giues of that and vse him as the other aforesaide and giue him no meate of an houre or two after And this as some doe say is counted verie good to helpe the foresaid disease How to kéepe and saue your hogs from being measeld is this ye shal vse in the sommer specially in the time of the canicular daies or daies of heate which is from the midst of Iuly to the midst of August And in these times to giue them chopt amongst their wash or other meate of colde hearbes as of lettis endiue succory violet leaues of daundelion or sowthistle fumitory and such like which are all colde helpes and wil kéepe them coole or to chop amongst their meate the leaues of dwale which is verie cold in operation Therefore vse thereof the lesse portion amongst their meat All these hearbes aforesaid are verie good to kéep them coole For the cause of measelly in a hogge commeth through the great and vehement heate of his blood or lying in horse dung fleam togither mixt with his blood through heate is dride in his bodie and so lieth in the outward parts of his bodie in curnels And first they will appeare in the liuer through the heate of his stomacke at the rootes of his toong and in his throat that when he doe cry he wil rattle in his voice and crie hoarse By this yee shal first perceiue his infection and if ye doe take forth his toong ye shal perceiue the curnels there vnder and by this order ye may perceiue any measeld hog Also some do say if you put mustard amongst your washings and giue that vnto your hogges it will to vse much thereof cause them to bee measeld at length or such like which doeth much heate their blood Also to kéepe them from being measeld ye may vse to put amongst their wash of mens vrine and mixe with their wash also of red oker called red earth beaten small to pouder This wil likewise kéepe them from beeing measeld Sope water and fish water is ill Whensoeuer ye doe entend to fat any hog to giue him drye meate is counted chiefest and giue him to drinke béere or ale and water and yee must not let him goe foorth of the stye not so much as to sée forth thereof but to open the stye dore and to make it cleane for a hog when he may see forth hee wil haue so much desire to goe abroad that hee will haue no care to féede There is not so much care to be had in them as in other cattell yet to kéepe them cleane they loue to haue it And so to be fed and not remooued or changed into any other place or by any other meanes troubled yet sometimes they are in the stye a little troubled with myce in running on their backes and so disquiets them in the stye which ye may soone helpe by setting of trappes to take them alwaies as they come Thus ye may féede them to bee a foote and a halfe thicke of fatte in small time If your hogs haue eaten any euill hearbe as of henbane or hemblocks To remedie the same yee shall giue them to drinke the iuyce of cucumbers made warme the which being drunke wil cause them to vomit and thereby they wil cleanse their stomackes and so recouer health againe Some doe vse to giue them aquauitie and puts thereof into his nosthrils or in one of his eares or to giue him water and hony mixt togither with a good quantitie and that wil cause him also to vomitte For if it can make them vomit they will soone recouer againe For by eating either of henbaâ—e or hemblocke they are so cold in operation they wil cause the hog to lye as though hee were dead for a time for they are verie nigh vnto a cold venome And the camelion thistle wil kil
vrine and there by vsing it wil make him cleane Also hogs wil couet to eate of mens dung pigins dung and hennes or poultry dung which also is ill for hogs and wil encrease a measell among them and likewise other diseases and to lye in horse dung is ill for them For the staggars in a hog giue him of the hearbe called stare woort or gall woort in milke and he shall amend Pigges that are farroed with téeth the males of them passing thrée yeares doe not wel engender A hog dieth and pineth away if hee léese one eye A hog wil liue xvi or xx yeares Hogs haue many sicknesses in their heads and sides and being ficke they will commonly lye in dirtie puddles and commonly they wil lye more on the right side then on the left If yee kéepe them without meate thrée daies at the first they wil be fat within fortie daies They loue each other and know each others voice and if one cry they wil cry all and wil helpe one another They grunt sléeping and waking if they be fat And they sléepe faster in May then at other times and that commeth of mourning or stopping of the braines in that time more then in other times They resolue in sommer many humors in wasting it by too much heate And hogs change not their teeth neither male nor female A boare wil gender within the first yeare or being of eight monethes olde and the sow at a yeare olde But those pigs wil be but weake and féeble and the first pigs of a sow wil be slender of body And if she be fat her milke wil be more scarce The winter pigs are better theÌ„ the somer pigs and those of yoong sowes worse then those of old sowes A lustie fat boare may engender many times both in the day and night and best time is in the morning When a sow farroeth she giueth to the first pig the farmost teate And a sow in going to the boare againe she wil not suffer him to couer her vntil her eares hang downeward To make them goe to brimme or take the boare it shal be good to giue them of barley which wil make them take the boare and to giue them of sod barley the better for her Hogs commonly hath thrée euils one is Brancos The other is impostumes in their eares and iowles And the third is in the féete and the flesh about those places is most corrupt and that corruption passeth by some and some into the flesh neare vnto it and so to his lunges and stoppeth them and then the hog wil die This euil encreaseth sodeinly And therefore hogheards do cut away the place first infected which otherwise wil not be helpt or held but by cutting They haue also another sicknes which is great ache and heauines in their heads and thereby commonly dieth Another sicknes they haue which is the flux of the belly which I haue partly shewed before and is a disease hard to remedie For often it killeth them within thrée daies Great swine doe delight to eate berries as floes and blackberries which doth them good They also the delight to bathe them in warme waters They are commonly let blood to help them on the vain vnder the toong they are made fat with diuers kinds of meats but some do make them fwel Some engendreth flesh and some grease and fatnes And hogs delighte in acorns which makes them to haue good flesh If a sow being with pig eate much therof it maketh them cast their pigs For disines in their heads chop mowseare nightshade and put it among their wash and they shal mend To put and choppe of colde hearbes all the sommer into their wash and giue it them amongst their meate as lettise endiue succorie daundelion cinckfoile sowthistle and such like Elme leaues in the spring are good to giue vnto hogs when there is scant of grasse or other meate But to giue them much thereof may bring them into a â—â—ix Therefore to vse all their meates discréetly it shall doe best and so shall ye kéepe them long in health Helion reciteth in his historie that hogs and wilde boares eating of henbane will sodoinly fall in a sounde and are in danger to die if incontinent they be not washed all ouer with water and to drinke water also Whereupon they wil seeke water and so recouereth again against which woormwood is good to giue them with wine or strong ale To féede or fat hogs as some husbands saith with such things which will alter their grease as to féede them with barley it wil fat and soone puffe them vp but their grease wil be soft and wastfull To féede hogs also with acorns or béech mast oakes and fetches doth the like and all other graine except beanes and pease which will make them to haue a hard and a fast grease to bee fedde onely therewith Another prooued way to helpe a measeld bore or hog is Ye shal first search them before ye put them vp to be fed and then sée if they be not clene Take warme a pinte or more of cow milke mixt therewith so much gray sope as a great tenise ball and stir it then well altogither til it be all alike And being milke warme giue it to your boare or hog with a horne make him of force to take it in striking it downe his throat til he haue receiued all Then chafe and stir him an hours space after for feare of casting it vp again vse him thus thrée or foure daies or more vntil ye shal sée him clean and then ye may put him vp to fat and they shall doe well And also to make a hog to scoure they doe vse to giue him of smoaked barley in the straw as it is also shewed for the whethering of a cow to helpe Also if your hogs be lousie which wil come vnto them through pouertie and lacke of good kéeping in winter And so long as they be lousie they wil not prosper The remedie is ye shall take of quicksiluer and kil it with sallet oyle and fasting spittell then mixt therewith of fresh grease or neats foote oyle and so anoint them all ouer Some meltes sope and tarre togither with the pouder of stauesacre and therewith anoints them And other some doe take but quicksiluer and sope mixt well togither and so anointes therewith for lyce wil kéepe them leane Moreouer if a hog chance to be sore bitten of dogges in any part of his bodie or legges and thereon doe swell and like to come to an impostume to auoide the danger thereof ye shall all to wash the wounde betimes with stale salt and nettles bruised or vinegar and mallowes boilde togither with some hogges grease put thereto and therwith all to bathe the sore then anoint it with tarre and fresh grease mixt well togither and he shall doe well Use this as yee
shall sée cause A bathe for Swine that haue the swine pockes THe swine pockes in hogs is an ill sore for it will runne abroad and is a scabbe verie grieuous They come to hogs sometimes by pouertie sometimes by lise in the skin and when hogs haue them they wil neuer prosper so long as they haue them And one wil infect another of them The remedies Some do vse to giue them the pouder of brimstone with stale A bathe to wash them is this Take yarrow plaintaine primrose leaues bryar leaues olde oken leaues of a yeare of water bittonis of each two handfuls boile them in two gallons of runnning water till they are all tender and then all to wash your hogs or pigs therewith and vse this once or more and it will drye them vp for it is but a corrupt water being betweene the flesh and the skinne and so growes to a scabbe How to spaye a Sowe YE shall first lay her vpon some forme or boarde then binde her mouth close with some corde then lay her on her right side so that her left side be vpwarde and then take your launcet and stréepe away the haire two inches long thrée fingers from the hinder legge and likewise from the edge of her flanke then with the point of your launcet cut a flope her bellie through the skinne two inches long and a halfe so that you may put in your fore finger towards her backe and there you shall feele two curnels as bigge as acornes on both sides the birth and with the toppe of your finger hooke or draw the one to the slitte then cut the string with your knife and so take forth the other likewise If then yee can not easily finde them ye shall with your finger draw softly forth some of the smal trailes so ye shal finde them and then cut them off and put in the trayles with your finger againe then strike away the bloud and stitch vp the slit againe with a strong threede but beware her guts and then annoint thereon with tarre and so let her goe And they doe vse to geld young Boares in holding them betwixt their knées the Boares rump vpward and resting vpon his fore féet and then puts out the right stone and cuts it crosse ouer the stone on the midst and so pushes it forth and cuts of the string at the right end and so doe likewise with the left stone and then anoint them with tarre thereon and let him goe and they shall doe well The manner of spaying of Coltes Sheepe and Sowes whereof I will briefly speake somewhat more YE shall vnderstande that Mare coltes are commonly spayed within nine dayes after they are folde if they be older it is not so good for they say in spaying it will bee the harder to reach with his finger and to doe that thing wel for in taking forth the birth if it perish the colt wil die soone after Also in spaying a yeawe is daungerous if yee hurt the bagge of birth or perishe any part of her tallow shee is like to die soone after The spaying of a Sow is not so daungerous as the other but maie eastlie be done in taking good heede Also in the spaying of these cattell when ye haue cut the flanke toward the hinder ribbes two fingers long slopewise yee shall put and feels with your forefinger on both sides the bagge or birth certaine knots like kyrnels or clusters like grapes which doe cleaue to both the sids of the bag or birth vnder the raines or rumpe which yee shall touche them with your forefinger and laye them downe softly to the wounde and so plucke them out and cut it off and cast it away which is but a small string they hang by Thus shall ye doe in likewise to the other side of the bagge or birth when they be out cut of the string and it is done If ye perish the bagge or birth she wil soone die after what beast so euer it be Ye shal note also in the stitching vp the wound if ye stitch the guts withall she wil die soone after as I haue seene except she be soone ript and stitched againe which is done by rash spayers of beasts in stitching the guttes and the skin together and so the beastes wil pine away and die within few daies after Thus much here I haue seene and learned for the spaying of these cattel Also the nature and ordering of Hogges ASow will haue pigges at a yeere old and she wil cōtinue good sixe yeres when she is with pig ye shall put the bore from her for he wil hurt the pigs in her belly and make her to cast them The bore wil brim at sixe moneths old at eight moneths and after three or feure yeeres yee may gelde him A Sowe shoulde not bring vp aboue sixe or eight pigs to bring vp more it wil make her soone faile A Sow great with pig ought to haue sties by themselues For if a sow do eate her pigs it is no wonder for swine can least away with hunger for they are hoate beasts a sow should not goe abroade in nine or ten daies after her farrowing the wrinckled tailes of hogs is signe of sound hogs Also after ye cut or geld giue them no drinke and but a little meate In spaying looke that the skin be sound iust and close vp and then annoint it with a little fresh greace or fresh butter note also if ye plucke bristles on the backe of a hog if there be blood in the endes thereof he is not then in health If a hogge bée sicke of a feuer he wil hang his head on the one side and sodaine staie be giddy and fal Mark which side he holdes his head then cut his contrary eare and lette him bleede Likewise two ynches from the rumpe let him blood vnder the tayle but first with a small wande beate his tayle and then he will bleede the better Which blood yee shal stop with the barke of willow bounde about it so keepe him in the stie a day or two after and giue him warm water mixed with Barley flower When a Hogge is not well giue him Polypody or Oake ferne rootes boyled in beere or ale for that wil purge him of flegme and some choler which cōmonly swine are most troubled withal Against sicknes of the lungs put the roote of Fetterwoort through their eares it wil help them against the mezell Some husbands say if yee nayle plates of ledde in the bottome within their troughes it wil preserue and keepe them from being meazell Also the common medicine is allum brimstone red oaker and Bay beries of eche like and put thereto a handful of hare foote beaten altogether with some madder and put al into a bagge and cast it into their water or wash which they drinke and so renew it twise a yere Moreouer some husbands hold opinion that the mezelry to hogs comes not only thorow heate in