as much as silver-stone All Litharge then is the product of silver and that which is flave like gold is not made of gold as some think though it be thence cognominated Gold-Litharge for degrees and intentions of heat do not onely change the colour but intend or remit the heat and vary the name Thus Diphryges is named as though it were twice cocted which is the sibsident dross of perfect Brass cohering to the bottom of the furnace like the ashes of burnt wood when the Brass is taken away after the the affusion of water and it is as sharp as burnt Brass siccates vehemently cures rebellious Ulcers and it may be made two other wayes according to Dioscorides and Pliny Now besides these two sorts of Litharge Vires which Dioscorides makes one he enumerates other two to wit Molybditis which is made of sand in furnaces and another of Leaden plates which is the most useful and frequent Yet Christis is preferred before all which should be purged from its Lead and dross before it ingrede the Composition of any Medicament to which end Dioscorides sayes it must be burnt and washed like Cadmia but now they onely levigate it in a morter putting clear water upon it and agitating it then they cast it into another vessel and pouring more water upon it agitate it again and when it is again troubled cast it into the precedent vessel and iterate its lotion till the Lead and dross subside in the morter and all its tenuions substance be educed which they make to acquiesce till all the sincere and pure Litharge rest at the bottom which when the water is effunded they collect and levigate upon a Marble that the tongue may not perceive any asperity therein Litharge refrigerates Vires astringes represses occludes expletes cavities exterges draivâ—â— to scars and cures gallings by riding Finis Libri Secundi THE THIRD BOOK OF Medicinal Matter TREATING Of Medicaments taken from Animals either whole or in part THE PREFACE OUr Mother Nature hath produced nothing either imperfect or in vain but hath brought forth variety of Plants for the sake of Animals and several species of Animals for Plants Many of them are ordained for Food and Nutriment some for Medicament and other for Vesture One Animal is an enemy to another but all are subservient to Man For there is no Insect how vile and base soever which doth not afford some prosit to Man For the most imperfect Creatures usually afford the most perfect Remedies as from Claws Horns Excrements Blood Flesh Marroâ— Testicles and Bones Besides those very wounds which are made by certain Animals are cured by the Application of same part of the same Animal Nay indeed the whole Earth doth abound with innumerable â—endedies for the variety of Maladies What excellent Vertues do those Medicines afford which are derived from humane Bodies of which first here we intend to speak viz. Of Mumy and Man's Blood whose faculties to emblazon would require a larger Discourse then this our intend'd brevity will permit CHAP. 1. Of Man's Blood ALchymists educe a certain Oyl and stillatitious water out of Man's Blood the dogmatical onely use it to burstness in whose stead Hogs blood may rightly be substituted as Galen advises who saith Lib. 3. de Alin. that Swines blood doth so nearly accede to Mans blood that he that findes any thing in Mans blood useful for Medicine shall finde the same in Swines blood Blood is Natures Treasury generated by heat in the greater Veins of the Liver which is the prime organ of sanguification from the purer portion of Chyle through which Veins it is carried as it were along tubes to the several parts of the body for their nutrition and as long as it is herein contained it is liquid and red but when effunded it presently concretes onely the blood of Harts and Does wanting fibres concretes not but remains fluid like Milk for Hippocrates averres That blood concretes not when the fibres are taken away Now blood being the matter of the whole body according to the Philosopher the blood of man who is the rule of other Animals is fincere and thin hot and moist and the best of succes yet it is not a simple humour but participates of Phlegm and both the Biles And therefore Hippocrates saith That the four Humours are the matter of mans generation as Galen attests Lib. 2. de Temp. Blood then is an humour generated in the Liver of a temperate part of Chyle moderate in substance and qualities in colour red in sapour sweet and naturally contained in Veins and Arteries whereby it is directed to all parts Lib. 3. de Part. Animal for as water is from one fountain and original deduced into many rivulets others arising from these till the humour pervade all Regions so Nature hath directed blood through the whole body it being the matter of the whole The blood of a diseased or intemperate man must not be collected and kept in shops for the confection of any Emplaister but from some temperate and sound man if it may be had as the blood of such as are beheaded for their Veins and Arteries being cut together their veinous and arterious blood is promiscuously collected Yet neither the blood of this or any other Animal is of much value or vertue in the confecture of astrictive salves because by siccation and asservation it neither retains any of its native bonity nor yet assumes any excellent acquisititious quality CHAP. 2. Of Mumy RHasis and Avicenna contend That Mumy is an Arabick word denoting Pissaphaltum Isaac saith It is a Persian word signifying a certain liquor found in Sepultures where aromatized carcases had been long reconded one fellow calls it Cerops upon what ground I know not unless because it hath the consistency of Wax for Num with the Persians denotes Wax It is found onely in the Tombs of Aegyptian Kings and Nobles who hearing of a Resurrection made their bodies be condited with Myrrhe Cinnamome Aloes and other Spices that they might conserve them But many years after when the Souldiors in time of Wars devastated all places everting Sepulchres they found in some coffins a certain odorate and pleasant liquor of the spissitude of honey which when the Aegyptian Medicks and Philosophers judged upon good grounds to be indued with eximious faculties they believed it might work the cure of some affections and therefore they made tryal of it and found the event answerable to their opinions they restoring many to sanity thereby They then being imboldened by this experience sought this conditure in other Noble-mens Sepulchers which they inverted and exhausted yea they so much envied the happiness of the dead mens bones that they robbed poor mens coffins of their corruption which cadaverous liquor they called Mumy and gave it to the fick Nay it was of so much fame presently that they would insperge a little Salt and Alome on the carcases of such as dyed of the French disease
or dryeth secondly that which changeth the commoderation and consistency of the matter so as either too much to obdurate or mollify too much to rarify or condense too much to bind or loose too much to thicken or attenuate thirdly which corrupteth or weakneth the substance or form it self such as besides their manifest quality whereby they heat erode refrigerate or stupify by a certain occult propriety and so destroy the substance it self and induce corruption with nauscousness as Cicuta Anchora Napellas Aconitum Sublimatum and many more some are noxious to the whole body as the fore-named others to certain peculiar parts as the Sea-hare to the Lungs Cantharides to the Bladder Wolfs-bane to the Womb Hemlock to the Brain The roborative Roborativum quid or as vulgarly tearmed strengthening Medicament is that which with or by a certain propriety respects Corroborates and conserves some part of our body as Cephalick medicaments to the head Otick to the ears Ophthalmick to the eyes Odentick to the teeth Stomatick to the mouth Stomachick to the stomack Cordial to the heart Hepatick to the liver Splenetick to the spleen Nephritick to the reins Hysterick to the belly Nervical to nerves of which or most shall be spoken to in their places The Cathartick or purgative Medicament is that which extracts a vitious and excrementious humour out of the body Catharticum quid proprie Now that which promiscuously and generally expels all humours out of the body cannot truly be called purgative as Antimonium Cataputia major and the like but such as educes and purges proper and congruent humours to which its faculty is directed and ordained for those more violent Medicaments do often precipitate us to death of which Galen speaks when he * * * Cap. 2. lib. de viâ—t â—cut saith that a Purge hath a certain deletary and poysonous quality which Actuarius thus confirmeth Purgative Medicaments in a general notion saith he are accounted to be such as procreate destruction and by most adjudged deletary poysonous and mortiferous but they differ from those which are absolutely poyson or of greater power to hurt in that they kill rather by quantity than corrupting And there is such an antipathy betwixt our nature and Purgations that the very smell of them is inacceptable which no sooner approaches to the nostrils of some persons but it affects the whole body in some it subverts the Ventricle and in others it contracts the belly But of the faculty of Purges how it acts and whence it proceeds shall be largely treated of in the ninth Chapter CHAP. VII Of the first and second Faculties of Medicaments WHereas simple Medicaments have often two sometimes three faculties incorporated we will speak of them in order The first is called Simple and Elementary which arises from the commixtion of the four Elements The second substantial or material which proceeds from a commoderation and consistency of the matter in which the four qualities inhere in a divers proportion And there is something found besides these a third namely purgative which Fernelius calls an occult quality And Sylvius with others of no mean knowledge affirm four qualities to be universally resident in some Medicament whereof he asserts the third to be little known and the fourth altogether unknown yet both these are often taken for one and the same for whatever Medicament acts by any inexplicable or not sufficiently perspicuous property not proceeding from the first or second qualities are said to act from the third qualities or property of the whole substance or occult virtue The first faculty of Medicaments is common The first qualities of Medicaments and as it were the Basis of the rest proceeding immediately from the Elements themselves and it consists chiefly in calefaction refrigeration moystning or drying in every of which it is seen either obscurely as when it acts in the first degree or apparently as in the second or vehemently as in the third or perfectly as in the fourth and that either in the beginning middle or end of every one The several qualities of Medicaments so that there are twelve orders of hot cold moyst and dry Medicaments which take place amongst them that have conjugated faculties which are either hot and moyst or hot and dry or cold and dry for they produce these faculties not onely obscurely manifestly vehemently and perfectly but also gradually and that either in the beginning middle or end of their operation The second qualities are concomitants of the first Elementary or simple by whose help it is that they exist and manifest their virtues for the faculty of Apertion Rarefaction Attraction Attenuation follows Calefaction the faculties of Crassitude Density Occlusion and Repulsion follow Refrigeration of Mollification follows Moysture the faculty of Induration follows Siccity for Siccity obdurates as it is plain with Clay hardned by the North winde oâ— Summers heat and brick with fire As also Humidity mollifies while any moderate heat perseveres for the moysture of Ice becomes hard because it wants heat The second virtues and qualities are also apparent in austere sharp tart bitter opening attenuating resolving contracting repelling mollifying and casing Medicaments and do as evidently perform their operation as the first or elementary qualities CHAP. VIII Of the third Jaculty or occult quality of Medicaments NOW besides the first and second qualities there is a third which being occult and inexplicable no certain account can be rendred of it nor yet any exact knowledge thereof be apprehended but is known onely by experience For why the Jasper stone saith Galen by touching the wound should stop the flux of blood I know not and if I knew perfectly how to find out the nature of every thing particularly I should think my self such an one as I do conceive Esculapius was But some properties can neither be known nor explained for no man can bring any firm and invincible argument or reason why those Spanish flyes or Cantharides should vex the bladder with an inflammation or hot disposition being applyed far from it The property of Sea-crabs or why the ashes of Crabs being of a drying nature should have such an admirable property against the biting of mad Dogs or why being mixed with Gentian or Frankincense it operates better and more effectually than with other Medicaments Galen admiring the never failing success of this Medicament busied himself no little to finde out the cause why and at length promised to publish a Book concerning those things that act by an occuit property but performed not his promise perchance fearing lest it might detract from his great Fame if he should relinquish his Enterprise imperfect or not satisfie himself or his Readers if he did not with his accustomed learning and dexterity replenish and accomplish it The extent of the third faculty Yet this third faculty is very ample containing under it Purgatives curing distempers by a certain occult virtue having respect to certain peculiar parts
not altogether manifest for Rhabarb differs much from choler Agarick from flegm and Senna from melancholy Although all Catharticks do attract humours Quae purgant trahendo yet some of them do purge more especially by attraction to wit such as are of a more potent force and have an excrementious humour saith Mesue as Scammony Turbith and Euphorbium others by repression Quae comprimendo as all the five Myrobalans and Rhabarb others by loosning and mollifying the belly as Cassia Tamurinds and others Quae lubricando which onely by leniating and solving the belly educe humours as the herb Orage Violets Mallows Sorrel and many Pot-herbs CHAP. X. Of Medicaments which besides their solution of the Belly cure many diseases by an occult poperty MEdicinall Materialls are as well innumerable as admirable which assumed at the mouth or applyed to the externall parts by a certain occult vertue and specifiall propriety perfectly cureth and undoubtedly preventeth present and future distempers or produceth other admirable effects as before in some few we have demonstrated This occult faculty also is not only discernable in plants but also in animalls and minerals For it is recorded that Pirrhus his thumb by touching such as laboured under the distempers of the spleen cured them and that most Christian and potent Monarch of France cured the Kings Evill with the touch of his hand this occult and most effectuall quality Os Aurum trabens is also seen in dead bodyes for Simplicius affirmes that the mouth of the fish Milvus doth draw Gold to which also Scaliger sets seal Exercit 102. 112 The reines of Scincus Marinus pulverized and drunk with wine or commixed with fit conserves and so taken doth cause stiffness of the yard and powerfully provoketh to Lechery A Harts pizzle dryed pulverized and drunk with Coltfoot or Carduus water is much commended against the Plurisy A Boares tooth pulverized and drunk worketh the same effect especially if taken at the beginning of the disease The Monocerces his horn doth admirably defend the heart from poysons and is much available in pestilent distempers The same effects are performed in the use of Harts horn and Rhinoceroes his horn The huckle bone of an Oxe pulverized and drunk with Oxymell doth mitigate the spleen The flesh of Hares burnt sifted and drunk doth break and expell stones out of the bladder The skin of a Viper pulverized and Applyed to a bald place doth admirably cause haires to grow where naturall humidity is not too much decayed The same effect is wrought by rosted Mice and anointing the place with honey A Cocks combe rosted or boyled and often eaten of doth much and effectually help such as are possessed with Chollicks passions Galen lib. de Therias A Goates hoof or its bladder or Egg-shells burned and taken in drink help those that pisse their beds Galen lib. 8. comp med Local writes that a Wolfs liver by a certain specificall property will helpe diseases in the Liver An Aspes skin dryed and pulverized and mixed with honey will cleer the eye sight The excrements of animalls by an occult property Creatures Excrements expell certain diseases as the dung of Peacocks the Epilepsy the dung of Swallows and Doggs the Quinsy Let these few examples suffice that are assumed from animalls That I may omit such as are hurtfull as the Sea Hare the Crampe-fish For the one by an obscure vertue affecting the Nerves stupifies them the other hurts the Lungs As Cantharides by Inflammation hurts the bladder and stops the urine or causes the strangury We may observe also which is most to be admired this same occult quality in many vegetables and plants as Sarsaperilla Lignum vitae Sasafras and China all which by a specificall property availe much in the cure of Lues venerea Ragwort or Satirion and the hearb Kocket The occult property of plants causes the yard to stand irritates Lust and frequent copulations The Chast tre Vitex aut Agnus Castus and water Lyllyes on the contrary doth allay the ardor of Lust extinguish seed and hinder the excretion of the Stones Opium mitigates frensy and madness and procures sleep though it be taken in a very little quantity Misleto of the Oak pulverised and drunk doth effectually cure the Epilepsy Dry grapes by a certaine sympathy are very commodious to the Liver Staves-acre by vertue not well known kills Lice so Fleabane Gantts Coleworth and Ivy cures Drunkenness Ptarmica provokes to sneezing As also both kinds of Hellebor Dittany by an occult property pulls out thornes and pricks if thereunto applyed The Ash tree drives away serpents and cures their bitings Stone-crop Saxifrage and Goates blood expell stones Savine brings down the monthly tearmes and the fruit of the wombe whether alive or dead The greater Comfrey doth speedily close wounds Betony doth search maligne ulcers and accellerate their cure Turpentine is the best Balsam to wounds and doth both speedily and easily cure them But that which is most strange is this Variety of effects in the selfe same plant that one plant in a certain part should have one effect in another a different or contrary one as Chamomile flowers which help the head-ach by smelling to them whose leaves are very hurtfull if we credit Galen lib. 2. comp Med. cap. 2. Sorrell relaxes the Belly the seed makes it costick The decoction of Colewort solves the belly But the Colwort it self eaten either binds it or makes it more adust As also Cock-broth moves the belly whilst its flesh binds and Gal lib. de Ther. cap. 6. assertes the same of Oysters and Cockles The wheyish or Butterish part of milk dissolves the belly the cheesy part constraines and makes it costick Gallen thinks it a miracle that the decoction of Trefoile applyed plaisterwise to the bitings of Serpents and Vipers should presently asswage the paine thereof and take out the poyson whereas being applyed to a sound part it provokes paines yet the reason of this effect doth not seeme very obscure nor far different from the nature and temperament of other hearbs For it is no wonder if the Medicine by whose help the corrupt part was cured and from which it drew some malignity or other being applyed to a sound part should leave an impression there of that malignity whereof it participated But we intend to discourse more particularly and largely of the specificall and admirable vertue of Quicksilver in curing the Venerian disease and of the occult and almost divine vertues of other mineralls CHAP. XI Of simple Medicaments which by a specificall property have respect to certain peculiar parts MAny simples are adjoyned with such a sympathy to certaine Parts that either assumed or applyed or often by their very smell help refresh and free us from diseases Yet I cannot conceive that they are for this sympathy and correspondency so devoted to particular members as thereon to spend all their effects or not to confer any upon
sapours as such Medicaments as are sharp and bitter Next to the sharp sapour is the bitter Amarus sapor which proceeds from the assation of the subtil terrestrial parts and it hath not the power of corroding as the sharp but more cleansing than the saltish so that it trouble somely exasperates the tongue Paul Aegin cap. 1. lib. 7. Galen cap. 10. lib. 4. simplic and it is two-fold the one hot spoken of before which arises from the assation of terrestrial parts by which sweet things are made bitter either by concoction or by age the other cold which comes by vehement congelation as in Opium wild Succory Lettices Hemlock and some unripe Fruits or which comes from an inchoated or imperfect coction or rather from remiss heat which is accounted cold as the other from an intense heat for there is scarce any compound which is not endued with divers natures and qualities whence it is no wonder if Opium and Hemlock be partly hot and partly cold One scruple of Coloquintis may induce to two pounds weight of water bitterness but no heat unless it be very small and occult Yet Schegkius thinks that some are hot because of their bitterness and that they refrigerate by an occult virtue as Poppies and Succory lib. de occult medic facult Now a bitter sapour is such either simply as in Aloes or mixed with other sapours as in Wormwood to which a stypticity or astriction is annexed As also we may experience in many unripe Fruits which not having as yet attained their perfect magnitude are bitter sour but being mature they are bitter and withall sweet with a kinde of sourness Next to bitter and salt sapour Salsus which is not so dry because of its watry humidity wherewith its terrene substance is tempered Orib Gal. cap. 20. lib. 4. simplic Furthermore it cleanseth moderately yea it washeth the tongue more moderately than bitter sapours and it is pleasant enough to the tasters endued with some astrictive faculty yet not so much as to contract the tongue as the austere or acerb sapour Now this salt sapour is two-fold the one natural the other artificial Natural as in Salt Sea-water and many salt terrene substances Artificial as in Lee Lime and in Chymick Salts All sour sapour is cold of it self or so naturally as in those things Aridus whose cold temper is conjoyned with tenuity of substance as the juice of Limmons Oranges Sorrel and such like or so by accident as by putrefaction Act. cap. 1. tetr 1. serm by which means Wine is said to be sour yet not so absolutely for it hath some Acrimony in it self as Galen attesteth lib. 1. simplic Hence arises another division of sour sapour to wit into that which is exactly such as the sapours before mentioned and into that which is not exactly such but is conjoyned with some other sapour whether sweet bitter or sharp as four-sweet Fruits as Apples Prunes Mulberries Cherries Some Fruits have also bitterness joyned with their sourness as Persian Apples and some Cherries Vinegar partakes of Acrimony and a mixed quality as Galen saith c. 19. 21. 26. lib. 1. simplic because of its acquired heat yet its fourness exceeds its Acrimony as Acrimony exceeds sourness in Oils of Sulphur and Vitriol educed by Chymical Art which corrode and bite the tongue and taken alone do greatly calefy Furthermore sour sapour as to its impression upon the tongue it corrodes bites penetrates and exterges and all without calefaction unless it have some other quality mixed with it as Galen asserts cap. 2. lib. 4. simpl in which it differs from sharp sapour although sour sapours ferment the earth for the tenuity of their parts with heat produced by putrefaction The austere or styptick sapour doth moderately strain and exasperate the tongue and mouth Austerus and in some measure dry and refrigerate and it is very peculiar to many immature Fruits as to Quinces to the fruit of the Dog-tree and many Pears especially wild Pears The matter consists in a mean to wit partaker both of a terrestrial and watry nature in which frigidity is predominant Wherefore all austere sapours are frigid moderately astringing and repelling fluxes and it differs from an acerb sapour in that it is more humid and astringeth and exasperates less For Galen cap. 7. lib. 4. simplic saith that watry humidity doth much retund and dullify the strength of every sapour But when natural heat begins to domineer in the very matter and the watry matter mixed with the terrene hath attained to maturity then the austerity evinced and expelled dulcity succeeds in the same matter and so austere Fruits after mutation become sweet which mutation is not of the matter but quality Acerb sapour Acerbus sometimes called Pontick and Styptick differs from the austere sapour onely by reason of more or less Aet cap. 1. tetr 1. fer 1. for thereby it more grievously and strongly astringes and exasperates the tongue and mouth Aet cap. 4. lib. 2. because it consists more of dry and terrene matter not apertly partaking of watry humidity And in it cold with siccity is more predominant than heat for every acerb sapour is cold Now this sapour is most conspicuous in Gall nuts in unripe Medlars and sorb Apples Sweet sapour is mild and pleasant to the tast Dulcis and familiar and acceptable to the belly and stomack saith Galen c. 14. lib. 4. simpl com ad aphor 37. lib. 5. because it hath a mild calidity and laudable temper wherefore sweet things onely nourish and the Infant in the womb onely draws the sweetest blood Now sweet differs from oily because an oily sapour is less pleasant whereas otherwise their temperaments are one and their impressions on the tongue alike for that which is sweet lenifies and dilates the little fibres of the tongue takes away asperity and cleanses away whatever inheres to the tongue Now this sweet sapour is most apert in Sugar Honey Manna Liccorish Milk Reysons Jujubs and mature Fruits Theophrastus constitutes four species of this sapour to wit milky honey watry and winy The unctious or oily sapour is sweet and nourisheth as Galen saith cap. 9. lib. 4. simpl that whatsoever nourisheth is sweet or of a kinde of sweet sapour yet they are distinct for watry humidity is of sweet things aery of fat things whence it easily melts in the fire and is rather sauce than nutriment cap. 10. lib. 3. de Aliment for it lenifies and fills the exasperate parts of the tongue as Butter Marrow Oil. Now unctious sapour is such either exquisitely as all oily and fat things or moderately as the root of Mallows and Lillies The insipid or unsavoury sapour is next to swell Insipidus and it deflects more to frigidity by reason of its watry substance not well elaborated by its inbred heat and it is evident in things not perfectly concocted and cold for all
grow near others or no or what good or malignant Star respects every one we must credit those that effode the roots and gather the other parts of the Plants And as the number in some doth change intend or remit their virtue and quality as one onely Apple of Colocynthis manifests so also doth magnitude or parvity for the virtue of the Earth and Plant is diffused and in many is more remiss but coacted into one Plant or one Fruit more valid Yet many Fruits are commended for their parvitude as Capers and many Seeds for their magnitude as Garthamus CHAP. XXII Of the choyce of purging Medicaments taken from their faculties WE have briefly but clearly shewed how purging Medicaments ought to be selected by a judgement taken from their substance proper temperament second qualities proceeding from their temperament from their disposition extrinsecally acquired from the circumstances of place time number magnitude and parvity it rests that we dispatch briefly what may be spoken as to that choyce which is taken from their purging faculty which though it be helped by the first and second qualities yet saith Mesue its original is celestial and it hath that specifical property whereby the Medicament received into the ventricle and solicited by our heat attracts to it self the humour familiar to its nature as we have noted elsewhere from the veins and passages of our body not perceived by the senses into the belly and then Nature laden with the burthen of the Medicament and the humours attracted prepares a way to excretion either by vomit at the mouth or by dejection at the inferiour parts Whence there are two kinds of purging Medicaments the one a vomiting or ejective Medicament the other dejective which distinction is taken from the manner of excretion or vacuation Now the dejective is more desirable than the ejective because Nature hath alotted the inferiour course to expell Excrements the superiour to receive Aliments Whence it frequently happens that Nature acting spontaneously and provoked by no morbifical cause doth abundantly carry and deject excrementious humours at the inferiour parts and sometimes irritated by the virtue of the Medicament of it self ejective and by the force of the swelling humour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quomodo purgâ—ndi it ejects both Medicament and humours by the mouth Whence it comes to pass that ejective are sometimes better than dejective Medicaments especially to those whose first region of the body or upper ventricle is stuffed with much choler which by reason of its levity and the facility of the traction may more easily and sooner be extruded by vomit Hippocrates also commends vomit to them that are slender especially in Summer Because for the most part they are cholerick slender folks saith he Aphor. 6. lib. 4. are prone to vomit and are to be purged upward but take heed in Winter And Aphor. 40. lib. 4 in Summer it is better to purge upwards in Winter downwards for the gross and cold humour collected in Winter is more easily educed by the inferiour parts and therefore the skilfull Physician uses sometimes ejective and sometimes dejective Medicaments as the condition of the swelling humour requires or the nature of the diseased will bear For Galen saith lib. 1. de loc affect That no man should be compelled to vomit unless he be prone to vomit and that consuming men are never to be purged by vomit nor they who have a strait Thorax or narrow passage But if a Vomit be prescribed to whom it is convenient Quae vomitoria seligenda then let it be provoked by those Medicaments which subvert the ventricle without great molestation and not with white Hellebor according to Galens advice lib. quos quando quibus medicam lest any vessel of the breast should break And much less by Antimony whereby crafty beguilers kill many and sometimes themselves as it is to be seen in that admirable Historie in Cornelius Gemma c. 4. lib. 2. pag. 239. linea 14. The same choyce is to be observed in other Purges that we use the more benign analogical to the morbifical humours For we ought to give a choler purging Medicament to the cholerick saith Galen a flegm purging Medicament to the flegmatick and a melancholy purging Medicament to the melancholick otherwise we offend Nature Now there is no blood purging Medicament prescribed either to purge blood by the mouth or fundament because as Galen saith cap. 6. lib. de purg medicam facult that were to jugulate not to purge men Historia notanda Which the Historie of one Thracius a Bithynian Rustick who found a herb which if any one assumed he should first lose his blood then his life Now many dying by this means the Magistrate judging the offence worthy diligent inquisition apprehended the Malefactor who being demanded of whom he had learned this deletory Poyson answered that he learned it of none but as he once carried a Hogs liver to a neighbouring place his belly compelling him he laid the herb down in a place where a certain herb grew while he had eased himself Note which after some respite and interval he took up again and found that all the blood drew towards the herb whence he conjectured that the herb would attract blood from the body and finding it true by experience made upon one he met as he had before imagined he afterwards transferred the herb to evil uses yet he professed he never did shew that herb to any of which there was much in that Countrey Now the Malefactor amongst other his torments that he was to endure was first to have his eyes put out that when he was led along to the place of Execution he should not shew the herb to any Medicaments therefore that draw blood being omitted as poysonous others not analogical to other parts are to be selected but such as respect certain parts by affinity So Physicians prudently prescribe Agarick Staechados Betony to many distempers of the head Manna Cassia to distempers of the stomack and reins Aloes Myrobolanes and Wormwood to purge and corroborate the ventricle Senna Cetrarch to the spleen Hermodactyls and Ground pine to the Arteries Sage and Rosemary to the nerves Yet these simple Medicaments are not so much astringed to those parts but they may be applyed conveniently to others And as many Medicaments as well simple as compound do peculiarly corroborate some certain part by some familiarity and so some on the contrary do manifestly destroy and hurt some parts of the body as the Sea hare the Lungs Cantharides the Liver Hemlock the Brain as it is well observed by Galen cap. 1. lib. 1. compos medic per genera The end of the first Book OF MEDICINALL INSTITUTIONS The second Book In which we shall treat of the preparations of Medicament CHAP. I. Where we shall demonstrate whether some preparation be not required to all Medicines that tend to aliment A Compound Medicament that is united and made up of many
Conserve to be better if a Syrup perfectly cocted be made of the decoction of this herb and Sugar and then mixed to other cleansed and brayed Leaves of this herb for thus it acquires a more excellent virtue and a more fit consistency Dry Conserve is made of dry Roses levigated very small with eight times their quantity of Sugar boyled in Rose-water to the consistency of an Electuary Conservae ex rosis siccis to which a little juice of some sowr Simple as Lemmons or Sorrel may be mixed for this juice doth not onely make it sweet and sowr and pleasant to the taste but of a more red and pleasant colour By the same art may other dry Conserves be made of dry Flowers CHAP. VIII Of Condites in general ROots Conditura cur fiat Fruits and other parts of Plants are condited either for conservation or for sapour or both For Conservations sake many are condited with Salt or Vinegar and sometimes both as Olives Capers Samphire Cucumbers and Broom-flowers For Sapours sake the pils of Oranges Lemons Almonds Pine-apples Cloves Nuts and many Seeds are confected with Honey or Sugar For both Conservation and Sapours sake many Roots Fruits and Flowers as the root of Ragwort Pears Plums Barberries and the flowers of Bugloss and Violets both that they may taste better and keep longer And such things as are to be condited are first concocted in an apt syrup and reposed and reserved with it in an carthen glass or vessel which are called by Apothecaries Condita liquida liquid Condites But if after perfect Concoction they be exposed to the open air till their superficies be dry and that viscid lentor wherewith they cleaved to the fingers of such as touch them Confecturae siccae be resolved then are they called dry Confectures Hereunto by a certain affinity may be referred a certain kinde of Condite which is called Pasta regia or a Mazapane but we shall treat of that more positively in our fifth Book in our Treatise of particular Remedies Those Delicates which the Confectioners call Tragemata Tragemata i.e. Junkets may be referred to solid Condites for they as other Condites are prepared by the help of the fire and the addition of Sugar but after a different manner For examples sake if Seeds are to be condited the Sugar must first be cocted into the consistency of a syrup then is it by little and little poured upon the Seeds then are they moved with ones hand and that so long till the Seeds be covered and incrustated all over with the Sugar Lemmons pils small cut as also Cynamon are condited after the same manner Now Fruits being humid they require a liquid Confecture and Seeds being dry a dry one CHAP. IX Of Powders THE Medicinal Art can by no means want Powders for when Medicaments are either too humid or dry by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the dry for the most part are pulverated the humid are made up and concinnated with these Powders as Electuaries solid Conserves Trochisks Plaisters and other Medicaments both intrinsecally to be assumed and extrinsecally to be applyed for nothing in Chirurgery is more frequently prescribed than incarnating astringing and closing Powders Pulverum in Chirurgia frequens usus and nothing so carefully prepared and kept of Apothecaries as cordial capital and roborating Powders which are not onely mixed with other forms of Medicaments but oftentimes prescribed alone to divers uses and affections as to roborate the principal parts preserve their strengths extinguish Poysons stay Fluxes help concoction to binde or lose the belly Many external passions are oft cured with these alone Pulvis vulnerarius optimus seldome without them as any Wound with red Powder compounded of two parts of dragons-Dragons-blood and one of Frankincense as a great Ulcer after detersion with incarnating Powder Pulvis epuloticus optimus Thus a slash or skar of a Wound is closed with an Epulotical Powder the best whereof are the Powders of Pompholix Brass oar Ceruse Spodium Terra Lemnia and Lead rightly prepared Now generally Pulveres in medicina quid praestent Medicaments are either given in the form of Powders or of them other forms are made borrowing their matter from Powders for these do not onely serve for to be fitted to the forms of several Medicaments but whether you look to the body or the quality of Medicaments these are for the most part their very Basis And Powders are made of the most select Medicaments beaten more or less as the nature of the Medicament or the exigency of the matter requires And all that are levigated or redacted into Powder are called of the Latines by a general name Pulveres which the Arabians call distinctly by these three idioms Sufful Alkool Alkool Sufful Sief and Sief Sufful denotes any kinde of Powder whether small or great Alkool that which is very small Sief denotes the attrition of certain Trochisks upon a Marble mixed with Rose Fennel or other convenient water to the griefs of the eyes Now some Powders to wit such as are made by the Confectioners are destinated onely to Sauces as the Powders of Pepper Ginger Nutmeg Cynamon and such like sweet Spices and they are called of the Seplasiaries small Spices which they used to keep in Leather bags Other Powders are cordial and roborative which pertain onely to the Medicinal Art as the Powder of Diarrhodon Abbatis Diacynamon Dianisi Laetitia Galeni and other cordial Powders which should be reposed in boxes glasses or pots close covered lest their virtue suddenly expire Other Powders are also made as Cathartick Powders which are onely for present not future uses because by keeping they are much worse and weaker Yet scarce is any Powder internally assumed alone and unmixed but is put in water or some other liquor though not so applyed externally which we often lay to Wounds and Ulcers alone Perfumers Cosmeticorum studium Chamberers and such as would take away wrinkles from old women with painting and promise to fascinate and cure stinking breaths make several Powders of suaveolent Spices as of the root of Orris of Roses Sandals Storax Betzoini sweet Cane Cynamon Cloves Marjorum Amber Musk Civet of which and other odoriferous Simples they make two excellent Powders which they call Chyprium Violetum and also many other and various Powders for the delectation of them that desire them They are wont to repose them in silken bags and put them in chests with their cloaths But the Apothecary need not be sollicitous about these for whom it is more expedient to have good Pulvis Diamargaritonis than Chyprium CHAP. X. Of Eclegms in general A Certain Medicament is made for the diseases of the Lungs something thicker than a Syrup and more liquid than an Electuary which the Arabians call Lodoch the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines
crassitude equall Sugar also must be prepared before it receive powders for it should be dissolved in stillatitious water or other fit liquour Electuarium siccum faciendi modus and then be despumed and boyled softly on a fire till it be thicker than 〈◊〉 syrup and till a drop thereof will not dilate it self and after a little refrâ—geration the severall species must be by little and little added confounded and mixed with a Spatula till it have got its whoâ—e solidity and equability then it must be laid on a marble before it be cold and with the Spatula dilated and planed when it is cold it may be cut into Lozenges square or round of one two or three dramms weight which after they be brought to the hardness of sugar must be laid in boxes or Chests Of what consistency soever the Electuary be whether solid or soft it preserves the strength of the simples well and long Yet doth the soft preserve it longer than the solid because its humidity being greater it more constraines the faculty of the Medicaments and hinders them from being dissipated by the air By how much an Electuary is more gratefull to the Palate by so much the sooner doth its energy and faculty decay for its efficacie will scarce endure a year bitter and ingratefull will endure two or three years and the Antidote against wild beasts bitings or poysons sometimes ten years without damage CHAP. XII Of Hiera HIerae differ little from the Opiate Hiera pierae unde habeant nomen Opiates from liquid Electuaries for they have all the same consistency and often the same purging faculty yet Electuaries and Opiates do sometimes purge neither molesting the belly nor displeasing the palate with their sapour but Hierae besides their purging faculty which they alwayes have are very bitter and unacceptable which their name shewes for they are called Picrae for their exceeding bitterness as Hiera i. e. holy for their excellent effects They are compounded of loosening and bitter yet Medicaments good for the stomack which incide and gently purge grosse and flegmatick humours out of the first region of the body Hiera picra Galeni dâ—citur quod eam emendarit and especially those that are called Galens Hierae because changed and mended by him Cap. 11. lib. 8. comp med local which saith he are the best remedy for the Melanchollicke affections of the belly for many stomachicall Maladyes have been cured by him in one day therewith for since Aloes is mixed hereunto which is very good for the stomack and Cynamon which is effectuall in opening exterging and attenuating for it is of very thin parts they may be exhibited usefully for all grosse and viscous humours Quib us conveniat quibus non and all affections about the belly and stomach proceeding from vicious juice but not if they proceed from a sharp fever Hiera whose faculty is to calefy and exiccate may not be securely used in those fevers whereby humours are accended in the vessells and whereby the whole body is inflamed though by Galens advice they may safely be used in fevers that are not vehement there are besides Galens Picrae Hierae variae descriptae Hierae variously described various compositions which from their effects are called Hierae and from their sapours Picrae as from that matter which in composition quantitie or qualitie is preheminent one Hiera is called the Colloquintidan Hiera others are confected under the names of Logadius Pacchus or Myrepfius either because they first invented their compositions or else altered augmented and corrected them The descriptious composition and powers of every one shall be largely treated of taught and explained in our book tearmed the shop some Hierae have their purgative power onely from Aloes and that not potent and Galen cap. 2. lib. 4. de loc affect saith that they scarce condescend to the places about the Liver unlesse they be taken in a more ample weight they may be commodiously given for the suffusion or web in the eye because they rather educe noxious humours from the brain than from the stomack but such as admit of Coloquintida or Agarick or both or scammony do potently move the belly and draw hurtfull humours from all the parts of the body and purge them out CHAP. XIII Of Opiates in general OPiates are reckoned amongst liquid Electuaries and so called because they have Opium in their mixture or from their similitude to Hypnoticall Medicaments or from their consistency presently after their inspâ—ssation or peradventure from their Colour which in Opium or the juice of black poppy and in liquid Antidotes whether Cordiall or opening is the same And although the Ancients call those Medicaments onely Opiates too strictly which admit of Opium in their mixture of what consistency soever whether solid as the Alcumists Ladanum and Pills of Cynoglosson or soft as the Roman Philonium yet are they in a larger sense taken for any soft Confections Cordiall altering Opiatarum appellatio amplissima purging or narcoticall whether they admit Opium as Antidotes against venemous beasts or they consist only in cordial and altering ingredients as Alkermes and the confection of violets or of purging ingredients as Triphera Diaprunum and such like which are oftner called by the names of Electuaries and Confections than Opiates Now Opiates were invented by Physicians of ancient note Gal. Opiatae cur inventae cap. 2. lib. 2. de loc affect Aet c. 12. lib. 2. de sign caus diut morb to leniate the rigour of griefes for griefe being a sad passion Dolor quid grievous to nature and hard to be indured it doth variously exagitate humours corrupt the blood accend a fever and deject the spirits Ejus affectus so that the Physician is sometimes compelled to relinquish the former disease that he may cure this great symptome with these presidies which though they take not away the cause of the disease yet they so refresh the senses and spirits by conciliating ease and sleepe that the strength of the symptomes being debated they may afterwards extrude the causes of the disease more easily The vehemencie therefore of grief is to be deceived Doloris vehementia desperationis interdum parens sometimes with Narcoticall Medicaments which is sometimes so prevalent that it drives men to that Madnesse that they had rather dye than live and therefore lay violent hands upon themselves Galen hath observed Cap. 5. lib. 7. comp med loc such vehehement vexations and torments in Coâ—icall dolours Confectiones Coliâ—ae which might be leniated by severall Medicaments that he described certain Narcoticall Opiates and left them to posterity which he called Colical confections which may mitigate the vehemency of the symptome stay the motion of humours and stupify the senses hence they are called Narcoticall opiates because they bring to the parts a certain necrosy or mortification and they are called Annodyna i. e. grief-absolving Medicines because
biles in the Neck and imposthumes distilling from the head to the eyes and makes the colour of skarres candid and white though their amarity demonstrates that they are calid neverthelesse they are justly reposed in this Section CHAP. XXXII Of Barley AS Barley is of cereals most usefull so most notorious wheâ—eof if we look at the time of its sature we have two sorts one autumnall whose straw spike and graines are greater the other vernall which in all parts is lesse the spike of each is circumvalled with beards and small leafes wherein is contained an oblong aequilaterall and medullous grain Both the sorts of Spelt are referred to the family of Barleys some call these segetives by the name soucrion vulgarly scourgeon which denotes its utility in succouring Nations as also another kind of segetive which some call Zeopyrum others bare Barley which growes in Cappadocia yea many reduce yet more cereals to this segetive as Olyra Typha Brisa Eteocrithon and Oryza which they call distich Barley India long agoe produced a kind of Barley gratefull and salubre to man but deletery to horses for the same given to Alexanders Horses to eat killed them at first but mixing chaffe with it it became innoxious Another sort growes in Thracia about Gedropolis which beasts would not touch the cause whereof Theophrastus attributes to its ill odour though a man cannot perceive it when it is denudated of its shel they call it Exasticum and Cantherinum Common Barley refrigerates and exsiccates Vires being a little detersive and hence Barley-bread stayes not long in the belly nor yet gives much of nutriment its flatuosity is deposed by elixation and therefore Hippocrates would have it done in a Ptisane that it may be longer cocted CHAP. XXXIII Of Rhus or Sumack RHus it both the Latine and Greeke name of a shrub and also of a fruit whereunto Cooks adde obsoniorum because it was frequently used in Kitchins and obsonies for Salt of old but now it is only dedicated to Pharmacy the Mauritanians call it Sumach It is an arbuscle growing fruticating most copiously in petrous places its Caule assurges three four and somtimes five Cubits high it is discriminated with many small boughes its leafes whose middle nerve or cost is red cohaere in clusters like ashseafes each whereof is oblong late serrated about whitish it emitts candicant flowers in July which are racemously congested like them of Lillax its small fruit with the seed which is small and red like that of Lentills is mature in autumne it is called Rhus coriaria because it hath an excellent faculty in condensing hides as also another Plant thence called Corinus coriaria which may be enumerated amongst the species of Rhus Sumach being very austere is astrictive and desiccative it cohibites dysenteryes and fluxions stayes womens flowers Vires and allayes the hemorrhoids its leafes and fruit are exceedingly astrictive they are dry in the third and cold in the second degree CHAP. XXXIIII Of Myrtle MYrtle is either silvestrian which growes and fruticates spontaneously in many hot regions and incultivated places or domestick which requires culture whereof there are two sorts the one lesser like Box-Tree only its leafes are more acute like broome leafes its berryes are black like Ivy and it is gravidated with vincous succe whence it is oft called black Myrtle it is much celebrated for its gracious odour and perpetually florid colour and diligently nourished in Gardens and transplanted in figuline pots into houses windowes and there custodited for delight and ornament There is a lesser sort called white Myrtle which beares broader and longer leafes then the former whose colour is not so obscure but whitish whence it is cognominated by culture it somtimes assurges to the altitude of a moderate Tree as we may see in some maritimous Gardens both Myrtles emitt white and suaveolent flowers out of which by due art a very fragrant stillatitious water may be extracted There growes about the Caule of Myrtle an unaequall concolorate lump which like a hand amplects its boughs Dioscorides calls it Myrtidanum but it is of no use and therefore neither bought not sold There is also another small wild Myrtle which delights in sylvous dry macilent and a prique places beareing black edible and sweet berryes which many call Vaccinia others give it â—â—ctitious names at will in Normandy the vulgarity of Aethiopians that are called Mores do from their blacknesse call them Morets Myrtle consists of contrary substances the frigid praevailing over the calid but participating much of tenuious calour therefore according to Galen it desiccates so efficaciously Both its fruit and leafes may be successefully either assumed or adhibited Vires and it being astrictive stayes excretions of blood and bridles other profluent humours their decoction helps laxated members and broken bones that cannot endure ferrumination many more commodityes doth Myrtle pollicitate whereof see Dioscorides C. 156. L. 1. CHAP. XXXV Of Millfolle or Yarrow MAny Plants do from the multiplicity of their Leafes and their multifarious incisures assume the name of Millefoiles as Achillea Osyris and water Strathiotes which is like Houseleek growing only in Aegypt according to Pliny as also Strathiotes Chyliophyllum and Myriophyllum of which Dioscorides treats in two severall Chapters White leafed Milfoile hath a short caulicle with leafes like the wings of young birds in brevity and ruggednesse like wild Cumin small white flowers upon a dense umbell like Dill it growes by high-wayes in places not ploughed It is very usefull according to Dioscorides for inveterate and fresh ulcers Vires for issues of blood and fistulaes whence the rusticks call it Carpentary or Carpenters hearb some call it Souldiers heaâ—â— The sweet leafed Mâ—â—fâ—ile emits one slender Caule out of one root with innumerable small capillaceous leafes like fennell its surcle is variously delineated as if it had been so wrought by art it growes in meadowish moist and fenny places It is astrictive exsiccatory and vulnerary for it very much accelerates the cure and closure of wounds drying glutinating and vindicating them from inflammations it is good also in cureing ulcers it stenches blood specially CHAP. XXXVI Of Tamarisk THey put an indignity upon Tamarisk that call it a shrub seeing it assurges to a notable procerity and acquires so much of crasstude that cups and other vessells for the use of the spleenatick may be made of its trunk and boughs yea if we beleive Columella Troughs have been excavated out of its trunks and filled with water that Hoggs might epote it and so liberate themselves from the augmentation of the spleen wherewith they frequently labour Tamarisk emits very many boughs which are vested with frequent exile tenuious round leafes exasperated as it were in their superficies with transverse and oblique lines without incisures its flowers are many mossy tomentitious white or somwhat purpureous occupying the summityes of its surcles and at length evolating in dawen its root is
they were brought from Media Others are smaller with crisped feathers which fall off more thence once in a year so that they are sometimes implumeous in winter others are the vulgar which are continually vested with feathers some whereof are black which are thought the best others white the worst and others variegated which are thought to be in a mean Some prescribe the interiour tunicle of a Hens second ventricle to such as have weak stomacks to help the coctive faculty but without answerable success for its temper is vitiated by the Hens death and desiccation and its coctive quality perished for it is certain that there are many things in an Animal when living that perish by death Besides there are many more Countrey Hens as the Water-Hen and the Mountain-Hen called Modcock or Woodcock There are also peregrine-Hens as Turkey-Hens and Phasians and Meleagrian or African-Hens whose variegated colour gave a name to a certain Herb bearing a variously maculated flower And as the colour of many birds is various so of their egges also as the egges of Partridges Pey-hens Turkey-hens but ours are alwayes white as also the egges of our Geese Ducks and Stock-doves We often use egges in Medicine for we solve yolks in Glysters and we can scarce wash Turpentine with their adjument we extract Oyl out of them when hardned and we have an eximsous Electuary denominated from egges which is much commended against the Plague But we use them most in Cibaries for Hippocrates saith They have something of strength in them because they are the matter of Animals they nourish because they are the Milk of Chickens and they increase because they diffuse themselves much Soft egges are most nutritive hard and fryed egges bad Hens Phasians and Partridges egges the best of the kinde Galen saith An egge admits onely of one pravity and that comes by age which you may eschew if you take them while new CHAP. 12. Of Butter OUt of the more terrene part of the Milk we have Cheese and out of the fatter which we call Cream by much agitation in a Churn comes Butter which is had in delight by many Nations because it affects the palate with its suavity as Normanish Butter which the Incolists condite with Salt in earthen Pots and send into all parts of France where it supplies the place of Oyl for it emends the sapour of many dishes and makes them more expetible It is usefully mixed to the Eclegm de Pineis and many extrinsecal Medicaments instituted to lenisie humectate mollifie and allay dolours for being hot and oleous it helps the disease in the groyns and Impostnumes in the head It cocts humours lodging in the breast by way of liniment and solves the ventricle but especially the Butter of Cows Milk which is more copious better sweeter and wholesomer for some make Butter of Sheep and Goats-milk but that we do not approve of Now this vaccineous kinde is distinguished by four degrees in age the first is of Calves the second of Heisers the third of young Kine and the fourth of old ones The Herdsmen call a barren Cow Taura and a pregnant one Horda or Forda Cattel change the habit of their bodies colour of their hairs and nature according to the state and condition of the soyl and heavens in several Regions Hence Asiatical Cattel have one form Epyrean another and French another Cattel whether Male or Female are cornigerous yet in Mysia and about Maeotis they have no horns and in India they have sometimes but one horn apiece and others three horns The Aonian Cow hath but one horn in the middle of its forehead Unicornlike There are more varieties of Oxen and Kine which to discuss exactly appertains not to us for it is enough if we say That Milk and Butter whereof we have some use in Pharmacy comes of Kine for Milk doth not onely nourish as it is white blood but cure many affections of the Dysentery Consumption and vices of the Lungs for which Asses Milk is best next to Womans Cattel suppeditate so many and so great commodities to man that they can scarce be enumerated for the Ox is not onely his companion in his Labour and Agriculture while he lives but when killed his Tables ornament and his own firm and laudable aliment To this family we may refer Buffs Bugles wilde Oxen and Aethiopian Bulls The description of whose nature I leave to them that write the perfect History of Animals CHAP. 13. Of Foxes Lungs MEsue commends Foxes Lungs to the vices of the Lungs and from them denominates a certain Eclegme which he saith conduces to such as are in a Consumption but that I may speak freely their ingrateful sapour and stinking odour cause very learned men to judge them less efficacious then they are thought A Fox is a crafty Animal with a bushy tail and an osseous genital apt to break and expel the stone he layes wait for Hens and other young birds and Hares also he makes himself a deep cave with many turnings and holes much distant from each other that he may better delude the hunters His flesh is dry and digestive the oyle wherein he is elixated Vires is called Foxes Oyl it evokes humours to the external superficies of the body and discusses them whence it is convenient to the Gout His fat melted and poured into the ear diseased allayes its dolour CHAP. 14. Of the Beaver's stones called Castor-Cuds CAstor Castorium is apt and expetible for many Medicinal uses Now a Castor is an amphibious Animal whitely cineritious and black on the back living partly on the water and partly on the earth sucking meat from both places like an Otter to which it is very like except in its tail which is glabre broad and squamous Fish-like but the Otters is long round hispid and yellow as its whole body is also There are many Castors about the rivers in Pontus and also in the sens in Spain but their stones have not the same faculty with them of Galatia The Castor will bite horridly for if it catch hold of a man it will not let the part go till it feel and hear the broken bones crack and rub one against another its testicles are chiefly Medicinal which it doth not bite off with its own teeth when pursued by hunters as it is sabulously storyed of it The convex testicles must be chused for Medicaments which depend upon one string pregnant with a watery humour graveolent and bitter to the gust This Medicament is both famous and useful according to Galen insomuch as Archigenes wrote a whole book of the use of Beavers-stones They califie manifestly Vires cure Serpents poyson move fluors and delivery help Lethargy and sluggishness and the affections of the Nerves CHAP. 15. Of Animals Excrements and first of Musk. SOme Animals are hunted and taken for meat as Harts Hares and Boars others for Medicine as Vipers others for pleasure and odorament as the Musk and Civet-Cat
the Beaver also and Badger for Medicaments and vesture Musk is the name of an excrement and of the Animal whose excrement it is the Animal is exotical being in India in the Kingdom of Pegu not much unlike a she-goat with a praegrand body they call it the Musk-Buck the Musk-Roe and the Musk-Goat out of whose inferiour jaw there erupts as many teeth and as great as them of Hogs When this beast is moved with venery her umbilical region swells through the vehemency of her fury and there much crass blood being congested makes up an imposthume and then the fierce Animal refuses all meat and drinks convolving it self along the ground and rubbing the part swelled against trees and stones with pleasure till it breaks and opens its bladder out of which corrupt matter runs which is true Musk of all things the most odorate and suaveolent in bonity much superating all the varieties of Musk we see This corruption left upon stones and trunks of trees is by the heat of the Sun and influence of the heavens cocted and elaborated and it s foetid odour if it had any dissipated and so it becomes most excellent Musk which none but Kings and Noble-Men obtain But that which is ordinarily sold is far inferiour being drawn from Animals catched by hunting For when the hunters catch this beast they abscind its hide with some flesh express collect exsiccate its blood with its utricles and skin whose dryed blood mixed with a small portion of its recrements they sell for pure Musk. There is a kinde of greater Weasel which being Martial and pugnaceous they call Martes for it kills great Hens sometimes whose excrements as I have oft observed smell like Musk. There are also some plants and fruits which affect the nostrils and palate with this Musky suavity as sweet-Storks bill Musk-rose and Pears that savour of Musk. The faculties of Musk are eximious for it roborates and exhilarates a cold and fearful heart and conduces to all its affections it also recreates the brain and refreshes the spirits it is hot in the secand and dry in the third degree CHAP. 16. Of Civet THree Animals are suaveolent the Panther which many say smells gratefully onely to beasts and not to men the Muskgoat and the Civet-Cat which the Greeks call Zapetion about whose nature the Ancients do not well agree It is a wilde Animal with horrid teeth not so like a Cat as many write for it is greater exceeding in magnitude sometimes a Wolf its head neck feet and other parts are very unlike a Cat 's its mouth is long like a Badgers mouth its body long its inferior jaw white as also its beard its feet black the lateral parts of its belly white it s back obscurely cineritious and somewhat maculated its excrement is called Civet which for its fragrancy rich men desire and for its efficacy Medicks celebrate Civet then is an odorament different from Musk most sweet fat trasse and blackish desumed from an Animal thence called Civet-Cat for it is the sudour of this beast concreting about its testicles and privities which men erade with a Spoon It is an Indian Animal now cicurated and frequent in Europe daily seen and kept in many mens houses in Lutetia Now that it may suggest more abundance of this recrement it must be irritated wearied and provoked to anger for then its genitals will emit much sudour which they afterwards erade At first when deraded it is graveolent to some men but when it is concreted and exposed to the air it deposes its virulency and acquires a most grateful suavity As its odour challenges affinity with Musk so also doth its quality Vires but it most conduces to the strangulation of the Uterus if a few of its grains be imposed into the cavity of the Navel Both Patients and Physicians eschew the dung of Animals because of its foetour and ingrateful sapour and ingenuous men had rather seek handle and exhibit Medicaments then putrid excrements Yet Mouse-dung with white-wine is good to break and exclude the stone Dogs-dung cures the Quinsie Mans dung is much commended in swellings Nothing is so good a cure for the Epilepsie which comes from the consent of the inferior parts and ascent of the more tenuious matter to the head as Peacocks-dung But seeing such excrements ingrede not the composition of our Medicaments we will not trouble our selves with them CHAP. 17. Of Isinglass THere are many kindes of glewish substances in Apothecaries shops one whereof is a Minefal which is apt to conjoyn Gold and thence called Chrysocolla another which glutinates wounds and flesh and stayes the fluxes of the eyes which is a Gumme of a certain Tree in Persia this they call Sarcocolla of these before a third sort is made of Cattels hides which they call Homglew and from its use in conjoyning wood VVood-glew there is also a glew made of the belly of a certain fish called Ichthyocola whose faculty being to fill up siccate and to mollifie a little it is rightly mixed with glutinative salves and others that take away spots and erugate the face the Arabians call it Alcanna And as Taurocolla is not onely made of Bulls hides but of the ears and feet of all four-footed beasts so * * * Ichthyocolla Fish-glew is not onely made of the belly of one fish but all viscid and glutinous ones but especially of that fish which Rondeletius calls Boneless others Molua The Boneless fish is cetaceous and cartilagineous without scales fins and bones except a very few It s head is very crasse and broad its mouth large out of whose upper-jaw proceed soft long and pendulous bones its flesh is glutinous and ingrateful unless it be long condited in Salt before it be eaten This Fish-glew is not onely made of the skin but also the intestines ventricle fins and tail of this fish after this manner The said parts are cut small Mow it is made put in a new earthen pot with a sufficient quantity of hot water and so macerated a day or two then cocted on a slow fire till they acquire the consistency of Cream or a Pultess then they are taken from the fire and while warm out into small pieces lest they should be made into a great masse CHAP. 18. Of Woolls Grease ISopus is the humid pinguetude of greasie VVooll Isopus quid extracted by art and concreted whereof Phyliagrus makes a salve called Oesyanun which is commended to the dolours of the Spleen the hardness of the Stomack and Liver and Nodosities of other parts for this grease expletes and mollifies Vires especially the Ulcers of the Fundament and Matrix with honey and butter it califies without excess and allayes dolour And thus they confect this Isopus the succulent wooll of the necks The foeminals and thighs of Sheep The manner of making it they take and macerate eight hours in hot water agitating it with a rudicle or stick then they
555 Diacatholicon comp pag. 556 Diacatholicon for Glysters pag. 557 Diacatholic fern Ibid. Diacinamonum pag. 606 Diacodium pag. 503 Its vertues Ibid. Diachrydium pag. 265 Diaireos pag. 512 Dialoe Galeni pag. 567 Diamarg frig pag. 599 Diambra pag. 601 Diamoschum Ibid. Dianisi pag. 605 Diapasme what it is pag. 201 Diapenideon with species pag. 513 Diaphaenicum pag. 555 Diaphoreticks pag. 29 Diapneticon Ibid. Diaprunum simp pag. 557 Comp. pag. 558 Diarrhodon Abbatis pag. 603 Diasatyrion pag. 618 Diastomona pag. 611 Diasulphur pag. 405 Diaturbith pag. 560 Diatraganth frig pag. 613 Diatrionsantalon pag. 602 Didachos pag. 534 Digestion pag. 59 92 Dionysia pag. 420 Diphryges pag. 434 Dissolution pag. 73 It s manifold use Ibid. It cannot be made but in an humour pag. 74 Dittany pag. 319 Dodder how it differs from Epithimus pag. 237 Dogs Stones pag. 306 Dogs Dung pag. 454 Doronicum pag. 330 Dose what it is pag. 163 The Dose of Alteratives pag. 141 Of Roboratives pag. 143 Of Purgatives Ibid. The Dose of Medicines is to be changed according to the nature of the clymate pag. 165 The Dose of such as are hot in the fourth degree pag. 153 Draghen pag. 344 Sea-Dragon is both aliment and poyson pag. 26 Dragons blood pag. 398 Dragma pag. 134 Dropax what it is pag. 203 Its difference Ibid. For what it is convenient Ibid. Its effects Ibid. Dropax the greater Ibid. Drunkenness how to care it pag. 17 Ducks-grease pag. 464 Duration pag. 75 Dwarf-Elder pag. 261 E. EArths their variety pag. 396 Chian pag. 397 Lemnian pag. 397 Samian pag. 397 Ebulus pag. 261 Eccoproticon pag. 28 Ecclegms their use pag. 109 An Ecclegm to cut Flegm pag. 165 To stay a Catarrh Ibid. An Ecclegm good for fluxions and other vices of the Lungs pag. 165 Ecclegm of Cassia pag. 110 Ecclegm for Glysters Ibid. Eccleg de Caulibus or Lohoc of Colworts pag. 550 Eccleg de Pineis or Lohoc of Pine-Kernels pag. 552 Eccleg de Pulmone Vulpis or Lohoc of Foxes Lungs pag. 550 Eccleg de scillitibus or Lohoc of squills pag. 549 Ecphracticon pag. 20 Eduction of Oyls by descent pag. 91 Variety of effects in the same plant pag. 17 Egrimony pag. 356 Elaterium what it is pag. 390 Its vertues Ibid. How prepared pag. 78 Elder pag. 261 Elatine pag. 319 Electrum pag. 406 Elelore pag. 265 Elecampane its description and vertue pag. 297 How to candy their Roots pag. 548 Election of Medicaments how made pag. 32 From the first and second qualities pag. 33 34 How many ways made pag. 35 What Election may be made from the place of growth pag. 43 What from the faculty pag. 45 Liquid Electuaries how made pag. 110 Dry ones how made pag. 111 Their Preparation Ibid. What proportion of Sugar and Honey must go to an Electuary Ibid. Electuarium de Citro Soluti or the solutive Electuary of Citron pag. 573 El. Diacartham or the Electuary of bastard Saffron pag. 571 El. de Gemmis or the Electuary of Gems pag. 600 El. Justinum pag. 143 144 El. de Ovo or the Electuary of an Eg. pag. 622 El. de speciei Diapenid pag. 613 El. Lenitivum or the lenitive Electuary pag. 555 El. de Psillio or the Electuary of Fleabane pag. 560 El. Regium or the Princely Electuary pag. 170 El. esucco Rosarium or the Electuary of the Juice of Roses pag. 571 El. senatum or the compound Electuary of Senna pag. 564 El. triasantal or the Electuary of three Saunders pag. 602 Elephant hath spoken pag. 455 Their Ingeny to be admired Ibid. Elixation what it is pag. 64 It s manifold Preparations pag. 65 The order thereof to be observed in the preparing of Medicaments Ibid. Emerald pag. 412 Emeticks pag. 28 Embroch for a Lethargy pag. 192 Emollitives what they are pag. 229 Empassives what pag. 204 Emphracticon pag. 30 Emplasticon pag. 28 Emplastrum eccatharticon pag. 125 Emp. de baccis Lauri or the Plaister of Bay-berries pag. 72 Emp. de Betonica or the Plaister of Betony pag. 719 Emp. de Catagmaticon or the Plaister for fractur'd bones pag. 728 Emp. de Cerussa or the Plaister of Ceruss pag. 724 Emp. Diachylon mag pag. 716 Cum Gummis Ibid. Diachylon comp pag. 717 Emp. Diacalcitheos pag. 722 Emp. Divinum or the divine Plaister pag. 723 Emp. gratia Dei pag. 722 Emp. contra Herniam or a Plaister for a rupture pag. 726 Emp. Homo Dictum pag. 723 Emp. de Janua pag. 719 Emp. de Mastich or Plaister of Mastick pag. 725 Emp. pro Matrice or Plaister for the Mother pag. 726 Emp. Meliloti or the Plaister of Melilot pag. 717 Emp. Mucaginibus or the Plaister of Musiledges Ibid. Emp. Oxicroceum or a compound Plaister of Saffron pag. 718 Emp. Palmeum pag. 722 Emp. de Ranis or the Plaister of Frogs pag. 730 Emp. pro stomacho or a Plaister for the stomach pag. 725 Emp. Tonsoris or the Barbers Plaister pag. 724 Emp. Triapharmacum pag. 718 Emp. Vigonium or Vigo's Plaister pag. 730 Emulsions their various use pag. 161 162 An Emulsion for the vices of the Lungs pag. 162 For the Inflammation of the Reins Ibid. For a virulent Gonorrhaea Ibid. Epithemes how they differ from Foments pag. 190 Their matter Ibid. An Epitheme to cool the Liver and comfort the Heart Ibid. Epithimus how it differs from Dodder pag. 237 Epispasticks pag. 29 Eringium pag. 303 Errhines their matter pag. 178 A liquid Errhine in the form of an Unguent Ibid. A solid Errhine to stop the Hemorrhoides pag. 179 Eringo pag. 303 How their Roots are to be condited pag. 547 Esula pag. 261 Evaporation pag. 92 Exaltation Ibid. Exhalation Ibid. Expression pag. 71 Extinction what pag. 70 Extinction of Gold in water Ibid. Extracts how prepared pag. 80 Extract of Pills Ibid. Extract of Rhabarb Ibid. Etraction pag. 78 To clear the eye-sight pag. 17 F. FAculty of Medicaments what it is pag. 10 33 Inexplicable Faculty pag. 12 The Faculties of a purging Medicament whence they proceed how they operate their due denomination pag. 14 The several Faculties of Medicaments pag. 11 The first and second faculties of a Med. Ibid. The third faculty pag. 12 Its extent Ibid. Farture pag. 87 Fat 's how they are to be washed pag. 54 Their difference from suet pag. 443 Feaverfew pag. 327 Fennel pag. 239 Fenugreek pag. 364 Ficaria its vertue pag. 7 What Fire ought to be in Distillations pag. 89 Figs their kindes and vertues pag. 381 382 Filberds pag. 386 Fission pag. 63 Fleabane pag. 358 Flowers how they are to be kept pag. 146 Flowers how to infuse them pag. 57 Cordial Flowers what pag. 150 Flower of Salt pag. 402 Flower of Nitre pag. 403 Flower of the Sea pag. 402 Flower de Luce. pag. 196 Folium pag. 285 Foments their profit pag. 189 A Foment to strengthen the Stomach pag. 189 For the Spleen Ibid. For the Pleurisie pag. 190 For the Gravel in the Kidneys Ibid. How they differ from Epithemes Ibid. Dry Foments Ibid.
binding our Apothecaries have seldom the right Acatia but instead thereof use the juyce of Sloes Accended burned Access a fit of an Ague Gout c. Accelerator in plain English an hastener Physically it is used for the Muscle that opens the passage of the Seed and Urine Acerb sowr or sharp Acetum Vinegar of Beer Acetaries Sallets or Herbs mixed with Vinegar to stir up appetite Acetum Vini Vinegar of Wine Acetum destillatum Distilled Vinegar Acetabula see Cotylidones Achor vel tinea or scald-head is a Disease possessing the musculous skin of the head or hairy scalp and eating thereinto like a Moth. Accidents something necessarily accompanying a Disease Acquires obtains Acrimony sharpness or freting of any sharp or corrosive water or humour of the body Aconite a venemous herb having a root like to a Scorpion shining within like Alabaster Acuminated sharp pointed Acute Diseases such as are sharp and violent but of short continuance Adamant A pretious stone commonly called a Diamond brought from Arabia and Cyprus It s the hardest of all stones insomuch that it cutteth Glass and yieldeth neither to the hammer nor fire yet it may be dissolved with warme Goats-blood Adeps farness Adjacent neer adjoyning Adjection casting or adding to Adimpleates fills up Adjuvant causes such as are subservient to the principal causes Adjument help and relief Adjuncts qualities dispositions and symptomes annexed to a Disease Adjutorious helpful Admixtion mingling together Adscitious false counterfeit Adulation flattery Adust the blood is then said to be adust when by reason of extraordinary heat the thinner parts are evaporated and the thicker remain black and dreggy Adustion burning of the blood Adulterate corrupt or counterfeit Adventitious not natural but proceeding from some Cause existing without the proper body Adstriction binding or shutting up the pores of the skin Aegilops fistala lacrymalis a tumor in the great corner of the Eye by the root of the Nose Aeftuary an hot-house or Stove Affectus unimi affectionis motions or passions of the mind Affected troubled or distempered Afflux flowing to any particular part Agaric a kind of Mushrom or Toad-stool of great use in Physick it grows upon the Larch tree in Italy and is white light brittle and spungeous it purgeth phlegm and opens obstructions in the Liver Agitation shaking any liquor together in a glass Ahenum a brass skillet with a cover Ablution is exaltation clensing impure things by often infusion reducing them to purity Albation is the abstraction of Dust moths gret cleaving to a thing with a Hares foot feather spather or such like Albugo is the white spot in the Eye called pin and web Alacrity chearfulness Alchimy is an art dissolving natural congealed substances and likewise congealed substances dissolved for the more grateful wholsom safe preparing of Medicines for mans body an art which produces magisterial and essential medicines from mixed bodies Alkakengie winter Cherries the red round berries whereof are good against obstructions of the Liver the stone and divers diseases of the Kidnies and Bladder Alcolismus is an operation by calcination ribellation and other means which reduceth a matter into Allcool the finest pouder that is Alexipharmaca Medicines to resist the plague and poyson Aliment food nourishment Aliotica altering Medicines Alopecia a falling off of the hair Alumen raw Allum Alamen combustum burnt Allum Aloes Zoccatrina it s brought from India the best is clear and red like the liver it s an excellent medicine to purge choler and proper to be taken by them that are troubled with the Emrods Allantois the skin that holds the Urine of the Child during the time it abides in the womb Allauded praised commended Alteratives medicines changing the humor and temper of the body Amalgamation is the putting together solution or calcination of familiar vessels by argentum vivum Amaritude bitterness Amaurosis Gutta serena A disease in the eyes viz. when the sight is gone and no fault to be seen Ammoniac a gum like frankincense so called because it grows in Lybia where the Temple of Ammon stood Hence is also a Salt so called found in Affrick under the sand Amnios the inner skin that compasseth the Child round in the womb Amputation dismembring or cutting off the arm leg c. Amulet any thing hang'd about the neck to preserve one from inchantment Analeptica restorative Medicines Analogical answerable in every particular Anastomasis an opening of the mouths of the veins Anastomaticum Medicine opening obstructions Anatomy is an artificial cutting of the outward inward parts Aneurism a swelling caused by the breaking the internal coat of an Artery the external being whole Anfractures turning and winding Angina a swelling in the throat which hinders breathing and swallowing and yet no defect in the lungs or breasts Animosity courage stoutness Anodines Medicines to aswage pain Anorexia a loathing of meat caus'd from abundance of crude and raw humors Anthera a Compound medicine used for sore mouths Anthrax a Carbuncle coming from blood which is black thick and filthy burning exceeding hot Anthonies fire the shingles Antidote a Medicine against poyson or any medicine which serves to amend any distemper of the body Antimony a Mineral like to Lead Antimonii vitrum Glass of Antimony or Stibium Antimonii Regulus Antimony preciptiate Antinomasia a naming before or that of any sort which is most excellent as Barbary gold Orient pearl c. Anus the fundament Apertion opening Apophlegmatisms Medicines which draw Flegm from the head Apoplexy a deep steep wherein there is a total privation of sense and motion except breathing Apostema Hepatis the Aposthume of the Liver which comes from a fall bruise or being too strait laced Appellations Names Apothects an Apothecaries-shop Apozem a Drink made with Water and divers herbs and spices used in stead of a syrup A prique place where the Sun shines Appropinquating adjoyning bordering near Neighbourhood Aptha certain Ulcers bred in the uppermost part of the mouth Aqua fortis strong Water made of Copperas Allum and salt-peter Aqua Regis a Water which divides Gold made after the manner of Aqua fortis only adding sal Armoniack Aquatical Which grows in the Water Aranea tunica the cobweb coat or tunicle Arbuscle a little shrub Arceates drives away Ardent burning or heating Arid dry Aromata Spices and sweet-smelling drugs or perfumes Aromatical smelling sweet like spice Aromatized spiced or perfumed Aromatization is an artificial manner of preparation whereby Medicaments are made more sweet to the smell and acceptable to the taste and more comfortable to the heart it is done by spices commonly Arsenicum Arsenick many wayes a good healer Arteries proceed from the heart are in a continual motion quicken the body they carry the vital blood to every part of the body their motion is that which is called the Pulse you may feel it at your Temples Wrist Groin c. Arthetical Medicines proper for the joynts especially for the heart Arthritis is a pain in the joynts
which comes for the most part by fits stirred up by an influx of humors into the said joynts but in plain terms the Gout Arthritical Gouty persons Arthrodia is a Ligament which conjoyns the head of the bone which is of it's self little and that stands in shallow cavity Articles joynts Arundinaceous resembling reeds or reedy Ascharides Worms in the arse-gut Ascites is a swelling of the belly caused of a serous matter sometimes from a swelling in the teeth Assation rosting Assumed taken inwardly Asthma shortnesse of breathing viz. when the breath is hindred by the sympathy or propriety of the part Astmatical short breathed Astringent Medicines that bind or close up the pores of the skin or that bind the belly Astrictive binding Atomes Motes Atrophy a Consumption Attenuating or making thin Attracteth draweth together or to its self Attraction The drawing quality of any thing as the Loadstone draweth Iron Attrition rubbing or grinding a certain manner of preparation like grinding on some convenient stone with some humidity whereby Lapis Judaicus Collyrta and the like are prepared Augmentation of a Disease is until it comes to its worst state Austere sour Auricles the ears Auriculum a Chalx that contains gold gold calcined to pouder Auripigmentum Orpiment of a deadly taste yet used outwardly in medicines Axilla the arm-pit Axungia Hogs-grease Azure an excellent blue colour B Balm a pretious liquor or juyce otherwise called balsamum or opobalsamum It dropeth by cutting out of a little low Plant about a yard high having leaves like Rue but whiter which plant groweth in Egypt and some places of the Holy-land This juyce is somewhat like oyl but more clammy and inclining to a certain redness It hath a strong smell and no very pleasant taste being dropt into a vessel of Water it will sink down to the bottom like a round pearl and may be taken up again on the point of a knife its excellent to take away a skar and many other purposes but it 's very dear and hard to be gotten Balneum Mariae a pot of seething Water whereinto is set a vessel containing any fit matter to be distill'd or digested Balneum sulphureum a Bath which hath the vertues of brimstone Basilisk a Cockatrice the most venemous Serpent that is it kills a man with its very sight as some say but by its breath infallibly it 's about a foot long with a black and yellow skin and fiery red eyes Bdellion Bdellium the name of a gum brought out of Arabia and the Holy-land of a sweet smell and bitter taste its vertues are to mollifie hard swellings and is good against stiffness of sinews or other parts and against the biting of venemous beasts Bechichal Confections Medicines or Electuaries made for the Cough Benedicta laxativa a purging Electuary Benign Medicaments gentle harmless Medicines Benzwine a sweet smelling Gum of many signal vertues Berillus a pretious stone called beryl Bezar a stone of excellent vertue against poyson of the bigness of an Acorn dissolved it may be in Water it 's taken out of a Beast in India of the same name and is exceeding deer Biles Tumours or knots Bilious Chollerick Bitumen a kind of natural Lime and Clay clammy like pitch it grows in some Countries of Asia it 's of a bright clear purple colour and of a strong smell the black is accounted naught There is also a liquid bitumen in Sicily used instead of lamp-oyl Blanching is the separation of the skins and hulls from divers seeds and kernels as Almonds pease barley c. and it 's done by steeping them in hot Water after which the hulls or peels will slip off by rubbing with your thumb Bolus a morsel or lump of a soft Medicine to be swallowed down Bolus armenus Bole-armoniack is cordial drying healing and cooling Bonity Goodness Borax venetiae Borax Breathing a vein is blood-letting properly where but little blood is taken away Bronchia the hollow pipes which are dispersed through the substance of the Lungs being branches of the wind-pipe Bronchochele the Rupture of the throat a great round swelling in the throat Buccellation is dividing into gobbets or by piece-meals Buglossum vinum Wine made of Bugloss C Cacoethe is a species of the canker and so poysonous that it continueth with one all his life time being by most held incurable Cachechtical persons such as are bloat up with a moist windy humor and have a pale ill colour in their faces Cuchectical an evil habit of body Cadmia nativa a kind of mineral Cadmia officinarum Tutty Caducus morbus the falling-sickness Caeliaca the Arteries of the stomach which accompany the branches of the Gate-vein Calcanthum Vitriolum Copperas or Vitriol Calcedonius a pretious stone Calcination a burning to ashes by drying up of the native moisture by reverberate ignition by putting them together with aqua fortis the spirit of salt vitriol sulphur c. Calamine the oar of brass much used among Chirurgions Calamites rana viridis a green Frog Calefaction is a certain way of preparing Medicines simple or compound by a moderate heat of the Sun fire or horse-dung Calefactive heating Calefy that maketh warm Caliginous dim dark sighted Callous hard brawny Calx coma is abstersive drying healing Calx viva Quick lime used chiefly in caustick Medicines Camphir a strong smelling juyce or sap of a tree in India Cancer is a hard tumor rough and unequal round and unmoveable of an ash or liquid colour Canina fames Cynorexia Dogs appetite unnatural hunger Cantharides Spanish flies of a golden colour Carabe Amber Carbo Carbunculus a Plague-sore or Botch Carbunculus Anthracites A Carbuncle stone coming out of the Indies Cardamomum a spice Cardiack passion passions of the heart Cardiaca the median or liver-vein Cardialgia distempers or griefs of the heart Cardiacks things proper to the heart or Cordials Cardiogmos heart-burning Carenum mustum ad tertias coctum Must or new Wine boyld till the third part remain Carminating Medicines are such as break wind Carnose Fleshy Carpobalsamum the fruit of balsamum Caryophillum Cloves Carus rottenness or corruption of a Bone Caruncle a bit of flesh growing out on any part of the body Cassia flos prepared Cassia of excellent use in Physick it being as harmless and gentle a purge as is Castigation Correction chastisement Catagmaticks Medicines to consolidate or knit together broken bones Catagma ossium fractura A fracture of the bones Catalepsis numbness or stiffness with which whosoever is taken he retains the same figure of the parts of the body which he had when he was taken whether sitting or lying Catapasms sweet pouders Cataphora a dead sleep Cataplasm a pultise Catopotium pillula a Pill or little ball Catharticks purging Medicines Catarrh a flowing or distilling of humors from the brain upon the Lungs causing a cough Catheter an hollow instrument to thrust into the yard when the urine is stopt by stones or gravel lying in the passage Catholicon an universal Medicine Catocho
is the most noble nurse gathering and contracting it self exactly that it will not admit the point of a needle then the womb rouzeth and raiseth up the sleepy and lurking power of the seeds so that that which was before but potential it bringeth into act Concertation wrangling Disputes Concinnated made fit for the purpose trimmed apparelled Conciliating causing perswading procuring by fair means Concretion is divaporation of humidity in fluid things by gentle decoction on fire Concocted digested Concords equalities Concrete juyces juyces of plants that were once liquid but for their better preservation are hardened either in the Sun or by the fire Condense thick hard Condiloma a swelling of the fundament Condiments sawces Conditure the art of preserving Confected mingled Confirmed A Disease is said to be confirmed when the symptoms that distinguish it to be of such or such a particular disease do appear Confrication rubbing or grinding Confusion is properly a mixture of such things as are fluid Congelation benumning unsuitablenesse a freezing together with cold Congestion a gathering together or heaping up Conglomerated heaped together Conglutination is the compacting of Metals jewels glasses c. by gums glue whites of eggs and the like the nature of the conglutinated remaining a glewing together Conjugations or pairs of nerves Conjunctiva a coat of the eye so called because it sticks fast to the eye and helps it in its place Conquash mash together Consentaneous agreeable consonant Consistence the thickness or thinness of any substance or liquor Consolidation closing up a sore or wound Consopiated lull'd asleep Consternation fear astonishment Constipation stopping up Constitution the complexion or temperament of the body Contagion infection Continuity an oneness or one continued quantity without interruption Contorsion a wresting or drawing awry Contracted shrunk or drawn together Contraindicants are such indications as forbid such or such a course to be used Contumacy stubbornness and that will not be wrought upon by the medicine Contunding pounding beating Contusion bruising a bruise also a beating of very thick bodies into very subtil parts Conus a geometrical figure resembling a sugar-loaf Convex standing out like the back-side of a buckler or platter Convulsio spasmus a convulsion or cramp Copul white Rosin very bright Cophosis is when the hearing is totally gone so that the patient either heareth no noyse or if he do he cannot distinguish Copiously plentifully Corda barbarorum nervus A sinew Cordis palpitatio panting or beating of the heart Coronal suture the seam which divides the skull of the head in two parts Cornea the coat of the eye of a horny substance Corpulent fat thick gross Corpus callosum a thick body it is a part belongs to the brain Corpus varicosum is an interweaving of the veins and arteries which carry the vital and natural blood to the stones to make Seed of Corpulent fat gross Corral is cordial cooling drying and prepared chymically hath a wonderful comforting vertue in it yet the red corral far exceeds it Corroding biting and fretting Corosion is calcination reducing things coagulated by the corroding spirits of salt sulphur wine vinegar distill'd aqua fortis c. into ashes Cortices barks peels the outward rind Corymbiferous bearing berries Coriza or pose is a catarrh falling from the brain into the nose Cotylidones in lattin acetabula the joyning of the ends of two pair of veins one coming from the spermatical another from the hypogastrical branch with the mouths of the umbilical vein making a connexion between the mother and the infant Couched with a needle that is something taken away with a needle from the eye or pressed down Cranium the brain Crasse gross thick dull heavie Crassamen or crassamentum Wine lees Crassitude thickness or grosseness Cremaster is the muscle that holds up the stones Cremor the top or flower of any liquor or cream of milk yeast the juyce of steeped barley c. Cribration sifting Crisis the sign of natures victory over the disease whereby is judged Whether the disease will prove deadly or dangerous to the patient Critical day is every seventh day in Fevers wherein appears some remarkable or eminent accident serving to shew Whether Nature or the Disease be in most probability to get the victory and these accidents are either some swelling evacuation bleeding or other great change to the better or worse whereby the patient is judged in a condition hopeful or hopeless Crocus martis saffron of iron good against all fluxes Crocus veneris saffron of copper or refined verdegrease it expelleth drieth clenseth and healeth Chronick diseases such as continue a long time Christalline an humor in the eye resembles a little cake of chrystal if you open a Calves eye carefully you may take it out whole Cruciate to torment afflict put to pain to grieve or vex Crucible a Glasse wherein things are burnt to prepare them for beating to pouder Cubebs A certain fruit sold by Apothecaries like Pepper it comes out of India its hot and dry it comforts the brain and quickens the spirits being chewed in the mouth Crude raw undigested which happens to the blood or to the meat in the stomach Cruent bloody Cucupha Caps quilted with medicinal things as dryed rosemary c. Culins stalks Culinary belonging to the kitching Cumulation congestion Cultellated made sharp edged Cultivate to manure till dress the earth to improve or better any soyl or grain Cupping glass is a glass fastened to the skin with lighted tow or flax to draw blood or raise a blyster Cummin one of the four greater hot seeds its hot and dry good to break or dissolve windiness in the body Cutchoneal a Drug brought from beyond Sea of great use in Physick it being an excellent cordial Cuticle scarf-skin the first containing or investing part which runs upon the surface of the skin Cydoniatum conserve of quinces called marmalade Cynorexia appetitus caninus a greediness and unnatural appetite of meat D Dandril scales of the head beard and eye-brows Daphnaelion Oleum Laurinum oyle of Bays Dation the quantity or dosis of any medicament that is administred to the patient at once Dealbate that maketh white Debility a weak state of body Declination is that time of a disease which follows that we call the state the going away of a disease Decoctio Epythemi the Decoction of Dodder Decoction the liquor or broth wherein are boyled herbs and other simples to serve as the basis or foundation of many medicines Decorticated stripped of their skins peels or barks Deduce draw to and fro Definitly exactly particularly Defluxion the flowing of humors to any particular part Deject cast out Deleates takes away Deletary poysonous destructive Deliquation is the preparatiof things melted on the fire Deliquium is the liquation of a concrete as salt powder calcined set in a moist place Delirium raving and frenzy a talking idlely in sickness Demerged plunged under water Demoniack one possest with a devil Demonstrated proved to the sense beyond contradiction Denigrate
made of Apples Pomatum a drink made of Apples Ponderous weighty Pontian Wormwood see Wormwood Poplitis vena the vein of a mans ham behind the leg Populaeon an oyntment in the shops made of poplar Pores the skin is full of small unperceivable little holes whereby sweat and vapors exhale from the body Poros that matter which consolidateth the broken bones within Posca a kind of small houshold Wine mixed with Water in the press Potent powerful Potential that is any thing in quality hot or cold or burning opposed to actual as a red hot iron is actually burning Potible that which may be drunk Precided cut off Praecipitation is when bodies dissolved in Aqua fortis into Water and Mercury cast upon them and beaten into ashes they are made perfect medicines Praecipitated thrown headlong Praeforations stoppings Praeparation of humors is to make them fit for expulsion and consists in separating them from the mâ—ss of good bloud or in thickening them if they are too thin or in thinning them if too thick Praeposterous out of season unhandsome unseemly disorderly Praepetent strong effectual potent above or before others Praesidies auxiliary forces helps by the by Praesidy help comfort c. Pregnant big with child Prepuce the fore-skin of a mans yard which the Jewes used to cut off in Circumcision Praestigiators cozeners cheaters Preternatural contrary or besides the course of nature Privation God knows what it is there is no such thing in nature Probable likely to come to pass Procatarctick Causes the primary first working or moving Causes as in a Fever the next immediate moving Cause is putrefied Choller c. but the first working and occasional Cause was the patients taking cold or by swimming in cold water whereby the pores became shut and so the matter of the Disease inflamed by being pent up in the body Procerity height Procidentia Ani the falling down of the fundament which is very frequent in children Procidious ready to fall out Profligation the overthrowing driving away or bringing any thing to destruction Profluvio sanguinis ex naribus flux of bloud at the nose Profound deep subtilly learned Prognosis the fore-knowledge of a disease Prognosticks of diseases signs foretelling what will be the event of any particular disease or if the patient shall recover or not Projects cast forth Propomates all kind of drinks made with sugar and hony Prostates the kernels which keep the seed after the stones have flnish'd it Propriety a pain by propriety is when the cause of the pain is in the part pained as when the head-ach comes from the humors in the head it 's called a pain by propriety when it proceeds of vapors sent up from the stomach or any other part it 's called head-ach by consent or sympathy Protopium Wine new pressed out of the grape Protraction is the lengthening out of the disease and making it last long as most of those you call Doctors are wont to do to get the more fees from their patients purses Protrusion casting out Pryapismus an unnatural standing of the yard without any desire to generation Pseudo-medick a false physitian or counterfeit Empirick Psilothers medicines to take off hair from any part of the body Psora Plinit sera scabies a certain kind of scurvy itch so called Pterygium or Haw in the eyes called Unguis is a hard nervous little membrane which coms out of the great corner of the eye covers the white and after by continuance the black and covering the pupilla hindereth the sight Pthiriasis morbus pedicularis the louzy disease Ptisan a Decoction of Barly Pubes the hairy hillock above the privities in men and women the word signifies ripeness because that hair being grown out shews the party to be fit for Generation Pugil as much in quantity as may be taken up between the three fore fingers and the thumb Pulsation beating of the arteries in any part of the body Pulse beans pease vetches c. Pulverization bringing to pouder Pupil of the eye is the round black spot in the middle which we commonly call the sight or apple of the eye pulchritude beauty Pulverable hard things as oyster-shells brought to pouder Purgation is the clensing of impure liquor having a thick sediment and froth by Decoction Putrefaction dissolving or opening of mixed mineral bodies by a natural warmth and moist putrefaction viz. by horse dung and Balneum Mariae Putretude filthiness Purilence the dissolution of any thing into a thick slimy substance Pyramis a geometrical figure broad at bottom and growing less and less towards the top till it end in a point the Sepulchers of the Egyptian Kings were of this form and therefore called pyramides Pyroticks Causticks burning medicines as the name imports Q Quartation is the separation of gold and silver mixt together by four unequal parts Quinque-angular five corner'd Quinta Essentia is an absolute pure and well digested medicine drawn from any substance either animal vegetable or mineral Quittour matter Quotidiana a daily Ague commonly call'd a Quotidian Ague R Radical moisture the fundamental juyce of the body whereby the natural heat is nourished and preserveed as the flame in a Lamp is preserved by oyle Ramex varicosus a Rupture of swollen bones Ranula a swelling under the tongue in that part whereby it is bound to the ligament it is oftentimes so large that it is seen above the lower teeth Rarefaction making thin Rasion rasping shreding or fileing Recenseate reckon up Recency newness Recipient part is that part which receives the offending humor Recruted repaired restored made up it 's a term in the Art Military Rectification when the distilled liquor is oftentimes distill'd over again Redacted brought constrained reduced Reduced brought back again Reduction the restauration of any thing that hath suffered a change or alteration to its former condition Reduplicated often doubled or repeated Refaricated stuffed quilted Referted replenished well furnished Reflux flowing back again Reficiates amends comforts Refocilate refresh revive Refractions the breaking of the representations in visible objects it 's a term in Opticks Refragates contradicts gainsayes Refrigeration cooling Refrigeratory is in general any plate or vessel used for cooling particularly it is taken for a vessel like a pail placed about the head of an Alembeck of Copper or Pewter and is used to be filled with cold Water that so the Still-head may not grow hot but that the Spirits which in distillation ascend up may the more easily be made thick and turned back into the Receiver which otherwise would be dispersed and consumed Relax is used sometimes to signifie the loosening of the belly Relaxing flakening unbinding Remitted lessened abated eased pardoned Renovation a renewing Repelled driven away Repercussives medicines which are applied to drive back the humors from a diseased part Repletion too great an abundance or fulness of bloud and humors Reposed laid up to lie a great while Represses restrains Reptant creeping Repullulate bud or spring again Repurgation the purging of