which the Fever was almost gone off with a great part of his heaviness I ordered them to keep him in a Breathing Sweat for three or four days and to be sure not to let him take Cold. ANNOTATIONS I Expected this Body should have had the Small Pox but the Measles came forth of which the first Cure is the same with the Small Pox. New Sheeps-dung with equal Efficacy expels both the one and the other and therefore in both cases is very advantageously administer'd especially in those places where other things are not to be had some there are who prefer Horse-dung administer'd after the same manner before it But that Sheeps-dung is much more prevalent the Savour tells in which we find there is much more Salt of Niter or some more specific Diaphoretic Salt HISTORY XVIII A Young Man of twenty four Years of Age strong and Plethoric after his violent Exercises of Tennis and Fencing and hard drinking of Wine between while fell into a violent Fever accompany'd with great thirst dryness of the Mouth and extream Anxiety and restlessness with other very bad Symptoms This Young Man we order'd first to be let Blood and then prescribed him a Glister together with Julips cooling Apozems and Electuarys to quench his thirst The third day he was Purged with an Infusion of Senna-Leaves and Rhubarb mixt with Electuary Diaprunum which gave him six Stools but the heat remaining together with the Fever he was let Blood again the fourth day The fifth day he continued the use of his Julips Apozems and cooling Electuary The Night succeeding the sixth day he was so very heavy and drowsie that there was little hopes of his Life and we thought he would have dyed The seventh day the Measles came out all over his Body by way of Crisis Then the Fever and all the pressing Symptoms somewhat remitted so that the Patient slept a little the next Night but by the two next days both Fever and Symptoms were quite gone off by degrees The tenth day the Measles began to lessen and upon the twelsth quite vanished And thus the Patient who seemed to be at Deaths Dore contrary to the Expectation of many was restored to his former Health ANNOTATIONS THE beginning of the Disease was such that no Man could well have any suspition of the Measles and therefore the Patient was dealt with by us as labouring under a Burning Fever which Fever at length you see ended nevertheless in a Critical Evacuation of the Measles HISTORY XIX A Strong Young Man was seized by a Violent Fever accompany'd with a thick weak and unequal Pulse an Extream Anxiety heavy Pain his Head drowsiness restless sleep and a slight kind of Delirium I would willingly have let him Blood but because he would not permit me I gave him the following Sudorific toward the Evening ℞ Treacle ℈ ij Diascordium of Fracastorius ℈ i. s. Confectio Alkermes Extract of Carduus Benedictus Salt of VVormwood an ℈ j. of our Treacle Water Carduus VVater an ℥ j. mix them for a Draught Though upon this he Sweat very well yet finding the Disease to continue in the same State the next day he took the same Sudorific again and Sweat very well but then the red Spots that fore-run the Small Pox began to appear up and down in the Skin Nevertheless the Fever and other Symptoms seemed to be somewhat abated yet did not go off Therefore I ordered the Patient to be kept in a gentle breathing heat and that he should take a Draught of the following Decoction luke-warm several times a day ℞ Red Vetches ℥ j. s. Barley cleansed ℥ j. Scabious one handful s. fat Figgs no. XVI Raisins Stoned ℥ ij VVater q. s. make a Decoction to two Pints By this means the Small Pox came forth every where very thick and rose very high the Fever and Anxiety still continuing so that the Patient seemed to be in great danger of his Life For which reason I thought it necessary to give him the former Sudorific again puting him into somewhat a greater Sweat and the Decoction of Figgs being continued over and above for two days the seventh day contrary to all expectation the Measles came out over the whole Body between the Small Pox and then the Fever and other Symptoms abated very much and by degrees went off all together and the Patient being happily recovered the fourth week from the beginning of the Disease went abroad again ANNOTATIONS I Do not remember that ever I saw this Accident above twice or thrice in all my Practice that is to say that the Small Pox and Measles should come both together However by this Observation it appears that although both these Diseases in respect of Infection have somewhat in common yet in respect of the Subject to which that Infection adheres there is something of difference and distinction between them Otherwise what should be the reason that in this Patient the whole Infection should not be Evacuated with the Expulsion of the Small Pox Then again it is to be admir'd that why the Measles adhering to the more suttle and thinner Matter did not break out first seeing that the thinner Matter is quicker in coming forth than the thicker HISTORY XX. A Noble Batavian was seized by a Fever accompany'd with a strong Pulse but very unequal an extream Anxiety Thirst restlessness a slight Delirium and some little convulsive Motions of the Extream Parts Having loosned his Belly with a Glister I ordered him to be let Blood Toward Evening having taken a Sudorific he Sweat very much but the Disease remaining in the same State the next day the Sudorific was repeated he Sweat very well All this while the Symptoms nothing abated but the Patient began to complain of a Pricking in his Skin quite all over his Body Soon after it was observed that great red Spots appeared in his Skin some as broad as a Dollar some half a Hands breath some more some less which seemed to be all fiery sown all over with little risings like Millet Seeds These Spots in a days time closed all together and spread themselves all over the Body So that it was all over of a red florid Colour In the mean time the Fever and Symptoms abated Three days after that general redness abated also and the Spots returned to be as they were when they first appeared and so within three days vanished quite away and so the Patient after the Skin of his Body was all peeled off was restored to perfect Health ANNOTATIONS THis Distemper which Forestus calls Purpurae or the Purples is very near akin to the Measles and the Cure of both is almost the same only the Subject to which this Infection adheres is hotter then that of the Measles but it is as easily dissipated nor are those little Pustles suppurated but dissipated by heat MEDICINAL OBSERVATIONS AND CURES OF Isbrand de Diemerbroeck OBSERVATION I. An Inflammation of the Lungs MOnsieur La Fontaine a
the Body attains that strength and firmness between the fourteenth and twentieth year that then the Seed begins to be generated and acquires every day so much the greater perfection by how much the Body grows stronger and needs less growth Now the reason why Seed is not generated at younger years and in Childhood is vulgarly imputed to the growth of the Body upon which the superfluous part of the Blood of which the Seed is hereafter to be made is then consumed But this Reason is far fetch'd and only a sign of the Cause why Seed is not generated First therefore we are to enquire why at younger years the Body most increases in bulk and grows so fast that by the knowledge of this we may come to know why the Seed is not generated at that Age. LXIII The growth of the Body proceeds from hence because all the Parts abound with a moist sulphurous oily Iuice and for that reason are very flexible and apt to extend so that the Animal Spirits flowing into them the Blood pour'd into the Arteries for Nourishment sake do not so sharply ferment and therefore cannot make a sufficient separation of the salt Particles from the sulphury Partly because their force is debilitated by the copious Moisture and oiliness of the sulphury parts partly because the Brain it self being as yet very much over moist does not at that time breed such sharp Humours as to make a smart Effervescency which afterwards come to be generated in greater quantity when all the parts come to be drier For this Reason also the Spermatic Vessels where the chief strength of Semnification lies are not then so very much dryed but by reason of the copious more moist and oily Particles of the Nourishment continually poured in upon them they are extended and grow in length and thickness and that so much the more swiftly by how much more moist and oily Nourishment feeds them as it happens in Infancy and Childhood But their strength and solidity is then more increased when they become dryer and grow less I speak of moderate and convenient driness not of a total consumption of moisture Now the reason why they become more dry is because the overmuch oily Moisture is by degrees consum'd by the increasing heat and by that means the overmuch moisture and lankness of the Spermatic Parts is abated and they become stronger in regard a greater quantity of the salt Particles separated from the Blood is mingled with them and is more firmly united and assimilated to them LXIV The same cause that promotes and cherishes the growth of the Body hinders the Generation of Seed in Children Hence it is that the Blood is more moist and oily and the Animal Spirits themselves less sharp and fewer in quantity flow to the Stones so that there is only enough for the growth of the Parts but not for the Generation of Seed But afterwards through the increase of heat that oily superfluous substance being somewhat wasted then the Brain being dryer begets sharper Animal Spirits which being mix'd with the Arterious Blood carried through the Nerves to the Stones more easily separate from it the salter Particles more fit for the Generation of Seed with which being condens'd and mix'd into a thin Liquor by the proper quality of the Stones proceeding from their peculiar structure and temper they are concocted into Seed which becomes so much the more perfect by how much the copious Moisture is predominant therein which in perfect Seed ought to be but moderate LXV And hence it is also apparent wherefore in old Age very little or watery or no Seed at all is made in the Stones Because that by reason of their abated heat over much moisture again prevails at that Age through the whole Body tho' not so oily as in Childhood but crude and more watery whence the Brain becomes moister and begets fewer or less eager Spirits and the Blood becomes colder and moister Moreover the Parts themselves concocting the Seed become more languid and over moist and consequently unapt as well in respect of the Matter as their own proper debility to make Seed I except some sort of old men vigorous in their old Age who at fourscore and fourscore and ten have begot Children as Platerus relates concerning his own Father LXVI As to the latter Question why Eunuchs and gelded Animals become more languid and less vigorous the Reason is because that through the cutting out of the Stones there follows an extraordinary change of the whole Temper of the Body in regard that lustful seminal Breathing ceases which is diffus'd over all the Parts of the Body which is apparent from the peculiar Smell and Rankness of Tast in the Flesh of Beasts ungelt and by means of which the Blood and other Humours are more warmly heated and the Spirits rendered more smart and vigorous This remarkable Alteration of Temperament is apparent in Eunuchs from hence that the Hair grown before Castration never falls off and the Hair not grown before either upon the Lips or other parts never comes Quite contrary to what befalls those that are not geit LXVII The same is manifestly observed in Deer who shed their large Beams every Year and then new ones come the next Year in their places but being gelt presently after they have shed their Horns their Antlers never grow again but they become very fat Now this change of Temper caused by the defect of lustful and masculine seminal inward Breathings thorough the whole Body tends toward Cold whence it happens that the Blood becomes more oily and less fervent and the animal Spirits are generated less sharp and vigorous and less dispers'd and that part of the Blood which otherwise ought to be consum'd in Seed and seminal Spirits remains solely in the Body fills the Vessels and more plentifully nourishes every part and that plenty and oyliness of the Blood moistens and plumps up the Body to a more extraordinary Corpulency For the fermenting Quality of the animal Spirits in such an abounding Quantity of sanguineous Juice tho' less fervent being now more languid and remiss becomes less able to separate the sulphury and oily Particles of the Blood from the salt ones which for that reason remaining mix'd together in greater quantity and joyn'd together for the nourishment of the Parts moisten them less and render them fatter but more languid and not so strong For that Interposition hinders the more dry and salter Particles of the Blood from being firmly united to the spermatic Vessels LXVIII To this we may add that in those that are gelt by reason of that extraordinary Redundancy of oylie Blood the Brain it self is overmuch moistened whence the Spirits become less sharp subtil and vigorous and consequently less sharp and fit for animal Actions Which make Eunuchs more dull less couragious languid and effeminate and slower in all the Exercises both of Body and Mind LXIX From the same Redundancy
then it happens that the Blood is not sufficiently purify'd from that defilement and hence that after some Years the Small Pox comes again by reason that the Old remainders are by some new occasion provoked to Action But that the Small Pox should seize in such an Order four Children of the same Man and that in so short a distance of time and every time come out so thick is that which never before we knew in all our Practise If perchance some few had only come forth the first time it might have been probable that some of the Relics of the Contamination not sufficiently seperated through weak Fermentation might break forth again but in regard that Conjecture vanishes by reason of the great quantity coming out over the whole Body both the first and second time I would fain know to what other cause we can attribute such an accident as this then to some occult and unexpressible cause that lies no less latent in the Small Pox then in the Pestilence and how it should come to pass that I my self who am now about seventy Years of Age and was not only conversant with these but a Thousand others yet never should have the Small Pox since that contagion does so easily infect others HISTORY IX A Virgin of Three and Twenty Years of Age Plethoric and Strong being taken of a suddain with a Fever accompanied with an extraordinary heaviness of her own head took a Dram of Treacle in a little Wine which causing her to Sweat soundly presently the Small Pox came out very thick over all the Body but her Fever and heaviness were so far from slackning that they grew more violent Then my advice but too late was asked for the strength of the Maid was so far spent that there was hardly any thing to be given her However I gave her twice a Dram of Crabs-Eyes prepared with a little Decoction of Barley and prescribed her a pleasing Julep But the sixth day her Monthly Evacuations came from her out of the Order of time and the same day the Pox that continued high raised till then suck down again So that the Fever and heaviness increasing the Maid all her strength failing her dy'd the next Night ANNOTATIONS AT the same time two other Young Maids their Evacuations bursting out unexpectedly and unseasonably in a short time dy'd And this has been observed by us several times in this disease when there is a violent Ebullition of the Blood and that the Small Pox come out thick without any Diminution of the Fever and Symptoms then it is a very bad if not a mortal Sign if the Monthly Evacuations break forth out of Season For such Patients seldom or never escape though that Eruption happens upon the Seventh or any other Critical day Moreover we have observed this that if during the Ebullition of the Blood in the Small Pox the Monthly Evacuations also break forth at the usual Period of time such Patients are then also in great danger and many of them dye though some ease might be expected from such an Evacuation HISTORY X. ANN of Durenburch a Young Maid of Twenty Years of Age was taken with a Fever and Heaviness accompanied with a Dosiness of the Head and an inclination to sleep and oft-times a slight interveneing Delirium affrightment in her sleep and a moderate Thirst. Having taken a Diaphoretic and Sweat soundly soon after the Small Pox appeared Afterwards she drank of this Decoction four five or six times a day ℞ Barley cleansed ℥ s. Root of Elacampane ʒ v. sliced Licorice ʒij Orange-peels ʒiij Scabious a handful and a half Fennel seed ʒj four greater Cold seeds an ℈ iiij Fat Figs no. xv Raisins stoned ℥ j. s. VVater q. s. for an Apozem of two Pints When the Small Pox were now sufficiently expelled by the use of this Decoction I ordered that her face should be often fomented with a soft Spunge dipped in lukewarm Mutton Broth but because it fell out that the Broth could not be had and she was importunate for some Topic to preserve her Face I ordered her Face to be anointed twice a day with old Oyl of Turneps which done the Pox in her Face were not so big as those over the rest of her Body they ripened also sooner and the Scabs at length falling off no Pits at all remained in her Face Only the Oyntment was continued till she was perfectly cured ANNOTATIONS IF the Small Pox are not large and Contiguous for the most part we administer nothing to prevent Piting but leave Nature to do her own business in regard she does it better of her own accord then the Physitians can do by Art so that the Patients themselves do not dig off the Scabs with their Nails but suffer them to dry and fall off of their own accord This daily Experience tells us For that Thousands are better Cured without Pits or Marks left behind to whom no Topics are administer'd and many to whom Topics have been administer'd without Judgment have had deeper Pits then if they had left the Work to Nature without Topics But if the Pox are very large and Contiguous in the Face or if they be such Patients that will not be satisfy'd unless the Physitian ascribe them Topics which is frequent among Young Ladys that are afraid of their Beauty then such things are to be prescrib'd as mollifie the Scabs of the Pustles and bring the matter therein contain'd to quickest Maturation To that purpose I have frequently prescribed the Oyl of Turneps with good success by which means very few or no Footsteps of the Small Pox have been seen which was once imparted to me as a great Secret by on Harscamp a Famous Practitioner Forestus anoints the Scabs with Oyl of Sweet Almonds till they are dryed up which prevents as he says all Piting and Scars and so highly approves that remedy that he cannot think of any better as being that which has no Smell and is no way noisom either to Children or grown People However great care is to be taken of making use of dryers at the Beginning for these prevent the farther Maturation of the matter and by drying up the Scabs and Pits hinder the Generation of new Flesh of which Errour committed Forestus gives us a terrible Example For says he when a Young Gentleman of Thirty Years of Age having had the Small Pox by the advice of his Nurse made use of Butter Fryed to Blackness in a Frying-Pan and besmeared all his Face over with it the Scab became so very nasty exulcerating all his Face that he lost one of his Eyes and but for the application of timely remedies had lost the other too And therefore it is that we so often inculcate that many People scape better that use no applications at all so that whatever Authors write that Maturing Medicines are to be applyed I say it is to be done with great Caution HISTORY XI A Noble Lady of Eighteeen
which insinuates it self and its Vapors into the spungy Substance of the Cheeks besides that there is a hot Exhalation from the inflam'd Lungs themselves with which fierce Vapors break forth out of the Chaps and lighting within the Mouth into the Cheeks make them much hotter and encrease the Redness VIII The continued Fever proceeds from the Blood putrifying in the Lungs and communicated continually to the Heart which did not appear at first till after three hours that the Blood being encreased in quantity and heat began to putrifie and be inflamed and then the Mouth became dry by reason of the fervid Exhalations drying the inside of the Mouth The Pulse was strong and thick by reason of the quantity and heat of the Blood Unequal because of the unequal Mixture of the putrid Particles sometimes more sometimes less communicated to the Heart IX At the beginning of the Fever the Difficulty of breathing encreased almost to Suffocation because of the greater quantity of Blood forced into the Heart by stronger Pustles partly because the Blood now putrifying and boiling in the Lungs wants more room and therefore causes a greater Compression and Contraction of the Bronchia X. The Pain in the Head is caused by the sharp Humors caused by the Wine excessively drank and vellicating the Membranes of the Brain partly by the hot Blood and its sharp Exhalation forced by the Motion of the Heart into the same Membranes somewhat chill'd by the Cold of the Nocturnal Air. XI This Disease is very dangerous by reason of the Difficulty of breathing and the Excess of the Fever Besides that the Bowel is affected which is next the Heart and without the use of which it cannot subsist XII Therefore in the Method of Cure a Vein is first to be opened in the Arm and a good quantity of Blood to be taken away and the same Bleeding to be repeated twice or thrice if need require which though it weaken the Party yet it is better he should be cured weak than die strong XIII In the mean time let his Belly be moved with some ordinary Glister as the Infusion of Rhubarb Syrup of Roses solutive Succhory with Rheon Decoction of Pruens or solutive Electuary Diaprunum or some such gentle Purgatives for stronger must be avoided XIV To quench his Thirst give him some such Julep ℞ Decoction of Barley lbj. s. Syrup of Poppy Rheas of Violets Pale Roses an ℥ j. XV. This Apozem may be prescribed to take of it three or four times a day ℞ Roots of Succory Colts-foot Asparagus Grass an ℥ j. Sliced Licorice ℥ s. Violet-leaves Endive Coltsfoot Lettice Venus Hair Borage an M. j. Flowers of Poppy Rheas p. ij Four greater Cold Seeds an ʒj Blew Currans ℥ j. Water q. s. Boyl them to lbj. s. Then add to the Straining Syrup of Poppy Rheas of Violets and pale Rases an ℥ j. For an Apozem Of the same Syrups equally mixt with a little Saffron added may be made a Looch to alleviate the Cough XVI If the Inflamation come to maturation which will appear by the purulent Spittle and the Diminution of the Fever then first let him take abstergent Apozems of Elecampane Horehound Hyssop Scabious c. also Looches of Syrup of Venus Hair Horehound Hyssop c. And when the Ulcer is sufficiently cleansed then come to Consolidation XVII Let the Patients Diet be Cream of Barley Chicken and Mutton Broth with cleansed Barley blew Currans Endive Lettice Damask Pruens and such like Ingredients boiled therein or Almond Milk For his Drink small Ale or the aforesaid Julep HISTORY VII Of Spitting Blood A Lusty Young Man accustomed to a salt hard and sharp Diet having many times exposed himself bare Headed to the Cold of the Winter Air and thence contracted first a terrible Pose with a heavy Pain in his Head was after molested with a violent Cough caused by sharp Catarrhs descending upon his Breast that brought him to spit up a great quantity of Blood and that not without some pain At first a Physitian being sent for let him Blood in the Arm and took away a good quantity which appeared cold very thin and ill coloured and something but very little coagulated the Blood-letting stopped his spitting of Blood for two days but afterwards it returned again His Appetite failed him and his strength decay'd but he had no Fever I. THE Primary Malady that afflicted this Man is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Sanguinis Sputum or spitting of Blood II. In general it is a Symptom of Excrements flowing from the Lungs and the Vessels belonging to it but the Disease which follows that Symptom is a Solution of the Continuum III. The Part Primarily affected is the Lungs with it's Vessels which appears by the Cough and the Blood spit out with the Cough which comes away without Pain because of the little sence of Feeling in the Lungs The Pose and falling down of the Catarrhs shew the Head to be affected in like manner Secundarily and the other Parts suffer nothing but only as they are wearied by the violence of the Cough and weakened by that and the Evacuation of the Blood IV. The anteceding Causes are the sharp and crude Humors descending from the Head to the Lungs which vellicating the respiratory Parts by their Acrimony cause a terrible Cough and by their Corrosion a Solution of the Continuum The Original Causes are the External Cold the obstruction of the Pores of the Head and what ever others that cause a Collection of crude Humors or an endeavour to expel them being colected V. Disorderly Diet and ill Food bred a great quantity of bad and sharp Humors in the Body and made the Blood it self thin and sharp hence many sharp Vapors were carry'd to the Head which wont to be evacuated through the usual Passages and Pores which being stopped and contracted by the Cold the Humors likewise condensed with their viscous Slime beset the Spongy-bones of the Nostrils and so caused the Pose which was attended with a heavy Pain in the Head while the detained Humors distended the Membranes of the Brain afterwards descending to the Aspera Arteria and Lungs they induced a violent Cough and Corrosion of the Vessels upon which ensued a Solution of the Continuum while the Vessels were broken and opened by the Violence of the Cough VI. That the Blood abounded with bad and sharp Humors appeared from hence that being let out of the Veins it was thin and ill colored VII This spitting of Blood returned again because that when the opened Vessels are emptied there is some time required before they can be filled again but no sooner are they swelled with more Blood but it bursts out as before VII Now the reason why the Blood stopped for two days after the Blood-leting was because by that Evacuation the Heart was debilitated and the Pustles grew weaker so that less Blood was forced out of the right Ventricle
And that not every sort of Blood but such as is prefectly concocted Oyly and Sulphureous made by Concoction out of the most airie and best part of the Nourishment Hence it comes to pass that such Persons whose Blood is not Oyly tho' plentiful but hot Melancholic Choleric ill Concocted Serous Salt or which way soever sharp as in Scorbutics and Hypochondriacs never become Fat. For that through the vehement and sharp Fermentation occasioned by the acrimonious Particles the oylie Sulphureous Particles in the Blood either are not generated in sufficient Quantity or being generated or consum'd before they can be separated from the sanguine Mass and grow to the Membranes Hence it is manifest wherefore Children are tenderly plump but never Fat because their Blood is very Serous and the more thick and oyly parts of it are wasted in the Nourishment and Growth Therefore Aristotle in his History of Animals l. 3. c. 13. writes That all Creatures of riper Age sooner grow Fat than such as are young and tender especially when they are arrived at their full Growth of Length and Breadth then they come to augment in Profundity III. The Primarie efficient Cause is moderate Heat not too fierce as that which dissipates overmuch nor too little which neither concocts well nor dissolves the concurring Vapors the secondary Cause is the Condensation of those Vapors raised by that Heat to the colder Membranes Nor is it a Wonder that Condensation should be made when those Vapors light upon the Membranes not absolutely cold tho' they are said to be cold in respect of other Parts that are hotter but moderately hot as is before said As we see melted Lead when it is remov'd from the Fire condenses again tho' the place be very warm however not so hot as the Fire Nevertheless those oyly sulphureous Vapors do not only light upon neither are they always condensed upon the Superficies of the Membranes but if the Members are sufficiently Porous they insinuate themselves into their Pores and spread over the whole Membranes where they embody together and become a part of 'em and by that means the Fat is dispersed through those universal Membranes as it is done in that Membrane which lyes next under the Skin But if the Membranes are more firm and thicker then the Fat adheres only to their Superficies as we find in the Intestines the Heart and some other Parts that are fortify'd with a firmer and more compacted Membrane IV. The learned Malpighius exercit de Om. Ping. Adip makes an Enquiry what that is by means of which the Oyly and Fat Particles are separated from the Sanguine Mass seeing that Heat alone which can raise indifferently any Vapors from the Blood but not particularly separate the oyly Vapors from the rest is not sufficient to do it Whence he conjectures 〈◊〉 that Separation is made by the means of certain Kernels appropriated only to that Duty and that by others the oyâ—…y Particles are infused into certain Channels or Passages which he calls Ductus Adiposos or Channels for the Fat and through which they are spread up and down upon the Membranes In which place he brings several Arguments to support this new Speculation of his Which new Discovery of so great a Man is not to be despised nor to be rashly rejected but to be more seriously considered in regard the following Reasons render it somewhat Doubtful 1. Because the Kernels never appear to sight nor can be any where demonstrated 2. Because the certainty of the Passages of the Fat and their Cavity is a thing as much to be disputed 3. Because the Fat or oyly Matter is somewhat Viscous and therefore not so lvable to be separated from the Blood by invisible Kernels or to pass through the imaginary Cavities of invisible Channels when the most subtle Animal Spirits which are liquid and not viscous at all cannot pass through the invisible Pores of the Nerves but that they are stopp'd by every slight Obstacle more especially by the least quantity of viscous Humor as we find in Palsies 4. For that a fat Sweat breaths forth from the Bodies of many People when it is a thing not to be believed that these sort of Kernels are every where inwardly annexed to the Skin of the whole Body V. Whence it is apparent what is to be thought of the Temperament that is to say that Fat is moderately hot tho' it condense in the Cold and be less hot than Blood Which Temperament appears 1. From the Matter of it which is Blood concocted airie and sulphuâ—…ie 2. From the efficient Cause which is Heat 3. From the Form which is Ovliness 4. From the End which is to help the Concoction of the Parts and by its temperate Heat to defend against the external Cold. 5. For that it is easy to be set in a Flame Of which Galen thus writes l. 4. de usu part c. 9. That Fat is hot is known to the Sense it self by those that use it instead of Oyle And this also more especially manifests it to be true because it 's easily set on a light Flame as approaching nearest the nature of Flame for nothing cold is suddenly kindl'd VI. Picolominus has asserted that Fat grows to a proper Solid but most thin Membrane as we have already affirm'd for that in Living Creatures the oylie Vapors of the refin'd Blood would breath out in great Quantitie through the Pores of the Skin unless some thick and cold Membrane which Malpigius calls the Adipous Membrane should restrain and curdle 'em together But Riolanus in his Anthropogr believes there is no need of any particular Membrane for that work in regard that Condensation may be well enough performed between the thickness of the Skin and the fleshy Membrane perhaps as it grows outwardly to the Intestines and Membranes of the Kidneys Which he proves from hence for that in fat Bodies especially in Women the fleshie Membrane lyes wrapt up in Fat as it were in the middle of it And the same thing is prov'd by others by this Experiment that if Fat be melted at the Fire there does not remain any Membrane proper to it but only the fleshie Membrane Hence Riolanus believes that Fat is not to be taken for any peculiar Part since it seems to constitute but one only part with the fleshie Membrane Yet the same Riolanus in Enchirid. Anatom l. 2. c. 7. reclaiming his former Opinion attributes a peculiar Membrane to Fat. And this is that which we also believe For if the Fat which lies under the Skin be pull'd off with the Fingers you may easily perceive its more close and fast sticking by means of the Membrane and tho the fleshie Membrane be sometimes overspread with Fat as sometimes it happens to the Intestines and other Membranous Parts this does not prove but that the Fat it self which is extended over the whole Body under the Skin has its own proper Membrane VII But here
Opinion that the Chylus is not always white but that from red Nourishment it becomes red from green green But herein they mistake for were it not white of it self it never would be found always white in the Milky Vessels of the Mesentery and Breast but we should also meet with red green or any other Colour which was never yet observ'd by any Person True it is that frequently it appears sometimes more sometimes less serous and thin in the pectoral Chanel of the Chylus according as there is more or less of the Lymphatic Juice which flows in great quantity from all parts into the Chyle-bearing Bag which Limpid Juice when there is no Chyle continually and leisurely flows alone through that Chanel nevertheless the Chyle that appears in those Milky ways is never seen to be of any other Colour than white XXXIV Therefore tho' the whitish Colour of it may be something darken'd in the Ventricle and Intestins by many other thick Particles of the Nourishment tinctur'd with green red or any other Colour and intermix'd with it in such a manner that the Mixture cannot be discern'd it does not thence follow that the Chylus of it self has any other Colour than white For tho' in green Herbs the white or rather pellucid Colour of the spirituous and watery Parts be not apparent to the sight it follows not from thence that the spiritous and watry part of those Herbs is of a green Colour for if the separation be made by distillation it presently appears pellucid And so it is with the Chylus for being separated from the Mass which is tinctur'd with any more cloudy Colour mix'd with the acid Ferment of the Pancrâ—…as or Sweetbread it never appears of anâ—… other Colour than white XXXV But because Chylification cannot go forward unless the Nourishment be swallowed into the Stomach it will not be amiss before we prosecute any farther the History of Chylification first to inquire into the cause of Hunger that so we may more easily attain to the more perfect knowledge of Chylification XXXVI What Hunger is there is no man but can readily give an account that is to say a desire of Food But what it is that provokes that desire and is the occasion of it has been variously disputed among the Philosophers XXXVII Anciently they held that it proceeded from the attraction or sucking of the emptied Parts and that the first emptied Parts suck'd it from the Veins the Veins from the Liver the Liver from the Stomach endu'd with a peculiar sucking Quality which act of sucking they thought occasioned that trouble which we call Hunger But this Opinion is now adays utterly exploded First for that according to this Opinion plethoric Persons would never be hungry Secondly because there can be no such attâ—…action by the emptied Parts through the Veins from the Liver by reason of the little Lappets or Folding-doors that hinder it XXXVIII Others observing that acid things create Hunger believ'd it to be occasion'd by the acid Iuices carried from the Spleen through the Vas breve to the Ventricle But this Opinion Modern Anatomy more curious has utterly destroy'd demonstrating in living Animals that the Blood descends through that Vessel from the Stomach toward the Spleen and so empties it self into the Splenic Branch but that nothing flows a contrary Course from the Spleen to the Stomach XXXIX Many there are of which number Regius who affirms that Hunger is occasion'd by the biting of the emptied Ventricle by certain sharp and hot Iuices continually forc'd through the Arteries into the Ventricle or its Tunicles which after the Expulsion of the Chylus not knowing what to gnaw upon prick the Ventricle whereby the Nerve of the sixth Pair being mov'd within it after a certain manner excites an Imagination of taking Nourishment for the relief of that pricking But this Opinion is from hence confuted for that the Blood of the Arteries by reason of the Dominion of the Sulphury Particles is by no means sowre but smooth soft and sweet so that it neither does nor can cause any troublesome pricking or corrosion neither in the Tunicles of the Ventricle nor of any other Parts tho' of most exquisite Sense as the Adnate or Conjunctive Tunicle of the Eye the Nut of the Yard c. Besides it would hence follow That by how much the more of this Arterious Blood is thrust forward to the emptied Stomach so much the more hungry a man would be but the Contrary is apparent in burning Fevers that such as in health have fasted two days together are no more a hungry whereas their Stomach is clearly emptied and the Blood continually flowing through the Arteries into the Stomach Then if Hunger should be provok'd by that Corrosion why does not that hungry Corrosion happen in such People We were about forty of us one time travelling together in our Return out of France at what time being becalm'd at Sea so that there was a necessity for us to tarry longer than we expected all our Provision Water and other Drink being near spent so that at length we were constrain'd to fast the third day not having a crumb of Bread nor a draught of Drink to help our selves but after we had fasted half a day or a little more there was not one that perceiv'd himself a hungry so that the third day was no other way troublesome to us but that it weak'ned us and made us faint Neither did the Arterious Blood occasion any hungry Corrosion in our empty Stomachs And thus not only Reason but also Experience utterly overthrows the aforesaid Opinion And therefore Ludovicus de la Forge vainly invents a way for this Arterious fermentative Liquor from the Arteries to the Stomach in Annot. ad Cartesii lib. de Hom where saith he It may be here question'd why that Liquor i. e. the Fermentative is carried through the Arteries to the Stomach and Ventricle rather than to other Parts To which I answer That the Arteries conveigh it equally to all Parts but the Pores of all the Membranes are not so convenient to give it passage as the Pores of the Ventricle Now that this feign'd Subterfuge is of no moment appears from hence That in the Membrances of the Brain and many others whose Pores are so convenient that the Blood may be able to flow in greater quantity through them than is convey'd to the Stomach yet there is neither any Corrosion or Vellication of the Part. Some that they may defend this Corrosion the better say That the Blood which is conveighed or flows to the Stomach is sharper than that which is conveighed to any other Part. But this no way coheres with Truth because all the Blood is one and the same which is sent out of the Heart to all the Parts of the whole Body nor is there any thing to separate the sharp from the milder Particles or thrusts 'em forward to these rather than to those Parts XL.
to the Eyes in an Egg 2. Whence that Motion proceeds in Fish and other Creatures that have no Lungs and but one Ventricle of the Heart 3. By what is it occasion'd in the Hear of an Eel which after all the adjoyning parts are cut away sometimes beats after it is taken out of the Body That says Maurocordatus is a Trembling Motion Which we deny because that for some time it observes the true measure of Beating till the approach of Death and then it comes indeed to be a trembling Motion Among all the foresaid six Sentences the second approaches the nearest to Truth but only it is to be explain'd a little more at large and somewhat after another manner For here are two things wanting in the first place what dilates the Blood and secondly it does not sufficiently explain how the Heart is mov'd when the Blood does not flow into the Ventricles Which two things are to be more narrowly examin'd for the discovery of the Truth VII In the first Conception the Spirituous Blossom which is in the Seed is collected and concluded in a little Bubble wherein there is a delineation made of all the parts by the vivific Seed that lies in the Blossom which gives to all the Parts their Matter Form and Being and abides in all and singular the Parts being form'd and variously operates therein according to their diversity The most subtle and sharpest part of this is setl'd in the Heart which by its extraordinary acrimony obtains an extraordinary power of Fermentation by which the Humors pouring into the Heart are there dilated as Gunpowder is dilated and set afire by the heat of the Flame And as Gunpowder has no actual heat in it self but being kindled receives a burning heat so the Blood in the Heart being dilated by that same Spirit waxes very hot and fiery By reason of which heat Cartesius calls this Spirit a continual heat abiding in our Hearts as long as we live which is a kind of Fire which the Blood of the Veins nourishes and is the corporal beginning of all the Motions of our Members For that this Spirit by its continual agitation and dilatation supplies the heat with a continual fewel But in regard it is much dissipated by this continual agitation it has need of continual supply to the end the dissipated Particles may be continually restor'd This Supply is maintain'd by the most subtle Particles of the Blood attenuated in the Heart entring the Pores of the Heart and infus'd into it through the Coronal Arteries which Blood if it be good and sound then this Spirit is rightly supply'd and the Heart continues strong and vigorous if otherwise through bad Diet and deficiency of the Bowels then this Spirit is ill supply'd and the Heart becomes weak and infirm Now this Spirit abiding in the whole substance of the Heart forthwith dilates in the Heart both the Blood and all other proper humors whatever Which Action is sometimes swifter sometimes slower more vehement or weaker as the Matter to be dilated is fitted more or less for dilatation by the fermentaceous Particles mix'd with it and the Spirit it self is more or less vigorously stirr'd up into Act by the greater or lesser heat for these two things are the cause of all alterations of Pulses Thus in Fevers where there is more or less heat and the Matter to be dilated is thinner and more volatile there the Pulses beat thicker and swifter But if that Matter as is usual in putrid Fevers has many unequal Particles some more some less easie to be dilated then the Pulse becomes unequal if the Blood be colder and thicker the Pulse is slow and beats seldom When it is cool'd it diminishes at first then ceases altogether but being warm'd again with new Blood or warm Water it presently begins to beat again The said Spirit being stirr'd up by the heat by and by dilates and ferments the Humors and that two manner of ways First By fermenting those Humors that flow in great quantity through the hollow and Pulmonary Vein into the Ventricles of the Heart by the fermentation and dilatation of which and the rapid agitation of the least Particles between themselves a great heat is kindled in the Heart This heat presently whets and sharpens the same Spirit abiding in the innermost and thicker substance of the Heart and its Fibres which so excited presently somewhat dilates the subtle Blood infus'd into the Substance and Fibres for Nourishment and hence it is that the Fibres of the Heart are forthwith contracted which causes an expulsion of the Blood in the Cavity of the Ventricles Then again new Blood flowing into the Ventricles there happens a dilatation of the same with a sharp Heat and by that means a distension of the Ventricles at the same time which by reason of the kindled heat presently follows dilatation of the same into the Pores of the Substance about the Fibres and by that means there happens again a contraction of the whole Heart and Ventricles which things proceed in a certain order so long as Life lasts Now this Motion proves the more vehement because the Fibres being dilated beyond their poise presently when the Blood dilated in the Ventricles easily breaks forth through the broad Arteries they are as easily again contracted beyond their measure by the dilatation of the inner Blood so that same distension and contraction beyond the due Aequilibrium causes indeed the Pulses to be stronger but yet they are not the first cause of the Motion which is only an alternate dilatation of the Blood sometimes in the Ventricles sometimes in the Substance of the Heart VIII Hence it appears why Pulsation remains in the Hearts of Eels and other vivacious Creatures being taken out of the Body though no Blood be then pout'd out of the great Vessels into the Ventricles because the said Spirit abiding in their hearts is easily rais'd into Act by the small remaining heat and acts upon the Blood abiding in the Substance it self and by something dilating of it contracts the Fibres Afterwards that dilated Matter being somewhat dispell'd they are again relax'd Which not only appears in hearts that are whole but in the hearts of some after they are cut into pieces and in the several pieces themselves But because in such cases there is no new Blood dilated in the Ventricles and consequently no new heat nor any distension of the Fibres beyond their Position hence in hearts that are taken out and cut in pieces the motion is weak and quickly ceases This I perswade my self to be the true cause of the Motion of the heart till some body else shall shew me any other more probable CHAP. VIII Of the Pulse and Circulation of the Blood I. THE Motion of the Heart is by the Greeks call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latins Pulsus by which the Heart alternately rises and falls It is perform'd by Dilatation and Contraction between which two
Motions there is some little kind of Rest. II. In Dilatation the sides of the Ventricles after they have expell'd the dilated Blood into the Arteries by the contraction of the Fibres presently by the rarefaction of the Blood sliding in again they are thrust from the middle Septum and so rise again In Contraction Bauhinus and Harvey believe that the heart is extended in length the Tip receding from the Base and so the sides of the Ventricles being thrust forward toward the middle Septum that the Blood is thereby expell'd which also seems to be the Opinion of Ent. But the dissection of living Animals teaches us the contrary by which it is manifest that the heart in Contraction is contracted every way together that is to say that the distended sides of the Ventricles are contracted every way together and together ascend the Cone toward the Base and so the heart being now swell'd by the dilated Blood grows rounder and harder and by that contraction of the whole that the Blood is forc'd out of the Ventricles Which that it is so not only Experience but Reason demonstrates seeing that by the dilatation of the Blood contain'd in the interior Pores of the Substance all the Fibres of the Heart are at the same time contracted every way together as we have said already III. Here arises a Question Whether the Cavities of the Vessels are larger and wider when the Heart is contracted into a rounder Figure or when it is extended in Length Harvey thinks the Cavities are larger when the heart is extended in length but narrower when the heart is contracted 1. Because that in Contraction the heart becomes harder 2. Because that in Frogs and other Creatures that have little Blood it is at that time whiter oâ—… less red than when it is extended in length 3. Because if an Incision be made into the Cavity of the Ventricle presently the Blood gushes out of the Wound otherwise than as it happens when it is extended in length Harvey might have also added this Experiment by cutting away the Tip of the Heart in a living Dog and thrusting a Finger into the Cavity of either Ventricle through the open'd Passage for then he would have manifestly perceiv'd a pressure upon the Finger by the contraction of the heart and that compressure to cease upon its being extended Cartesius being quite of another Opinion tells us That the Heart in Contraction becomes harder but broader on the inside by reason of the contain'd and suddenly dilated Blood and for that it manifestly appears to the Eye is not diminish'd in magnitude but rather somewhat augmented and that for this very reason at that instant time it becomes harder and the Blood less red in Creatures that have very little Blood because by that dilatation the Fibres of the heart are extended and by virtue of that distention press forth in good part at that instant of time the Blood in the Pores of the heart and renders it more ruddy He confirms this by an Experiment and says That if you cut away the sharp end of a heart of a young Coney then you may discern by the Eye that the Cavities are made broader at the same moment that the heart is contracted and becomes harder and drives forth the Blood Nay when all the Blood of the Body being almost exhausted it squeezes forth only some few little drops yet the Cavities at the time of expulsion retain the same breadth of dilatation Lastly he adds That in Dogs and other stronger Animals this is not so visible to the sight because the Fibres of the heart are stronger in them and possess a great part of the Cavities But though these Reasons of Cartesius are very strenuous I think however there is some distinction to be made as to the Time that is to say in the beginning and end of the Contraction and the very instant when the Contraction first begins the Cavities are wider because of the dilated Blood contain'd therein but when the Blood breaks forth out of them into the great Vessels that they are at that very moment of time more narrow the Fibres being contracted every way toward the inner parts beyond their stretch and that I believe may be observ'd by diligent inspection into a live heart IV. Besides the Pulses Bartholine makes mention of two other Motions of the Heart Undation and Trembling Motion But in regard that these are nothing else but certain Species of a vitious and diseased Pulse they are to no purpose describ'd as new Motions V. The Use of the Pulse is to force the Blood dilated in the Heart thro' the Arteries to all the Parts of the Body to the end that all the Parts may be nourish'd thereby and that the particular Parts may be able by virtue of a proper Faculty to concoct alter and convert into a Substance like its own some part of that Blood and apply it to themselves and return the remainder to the Heart again there to be again dilated spiritualiz'd and indu'd with new vigor VI. But seeing that by the daily reciprocation of the Pulse there happens a daily expulsion of Blood from the heart there is a necessity that the heart should continually draw from the hollow Vein Blood sufficient to fill the Vessels as Nature requires But because the hollow Vein is never exhausted and moreover because the Arteries into which there is a continual expulsion never swell to excess it follows That this Motion must proceed circularly and that the Blood must be continually empty'd out of the Heart into the Arteries and out of them into the Veins and Parts to be nourish'd and thence return from the lesser Veins to the hollow Vein and so at length to the Heart This Circulation is confirm'd by three most strenuous Arguments VII The great Quantity of Blood empty'd out of the Heart into the Artery Which is so much that the hundredth part of it cannot be supply'd by the receiv'd Nourishment when that emptying proceeds and is carry'd on as equally in a man that has fasted two or three days as in one that has fed well So that unless the Blood should return from the Arteries through the Veins to the heart the heart in a short time would want Matter to empty besides all the Arteries would burst in a short time and the Parts into which the Blood flows would swell after a wonderful manner For the heart of a sound man in the strength of his Age beats in one hour 3000 or somewhat more Pulses Cardan reckons 4000. Bartholin 4400. And Rolfinch has number'd in himself 4420. So that if by every particular Pulse only one scruple of Blood should be empty'd into the Aorta it will be found by computation that eight or nine pound Averdupois weight of Blood must pass through the Heart in one hour and consequently thirty or forty pound in four hours according to the greater or lesser number of the Pulses
Fermentation is prevented if the oily Particles too much exceed the salt Here it may be octjected That in Agues the sulphury Heat predominates and yet the Animal Actions are not always dull and numm'd in such Persons Which comes to pass because that in such Persons the sulphury and oily Particles of the Blood do not exceed nor stupifie the Salt with their Oiliness and Quantity but by their Heat and Motion stirring up their Acrimony to more vehement Action produce an Effervescency either too strong or vicious and Aguish VI. But to return to the Business Out of the Sanguineous Mass by convenient Concoctions and Fermentations of the Bowels double Spirits are rais'd that is to say Sulphureous and Salt the one sweetish and the other sowr both very subtil and thin and confus'd together and yet one more volatile than the other like the Sulphury Spirits in Oils chymically extracted out of Vegetables and the Salt Spirits Chymically drawn from Salts and salt things But that the Sulphury Spirits are more thin and volatile is apparent in the Distillation of Vegetables for they are first of all and most easily separated and ascend the Alembick unless too much perplex'd among the Salt or being less attenuated by them by reason of their Oiliness but the salt Spirits ascend last and with more difficulty whose Acrimony the Taste distinguishes from the Sweetness of the Sulphur But the foresaid Spirits of the Sanguineous Mass out of which they are rais'd by Fermentations are mingled with it and carry'd forthwith to the Heart and there being often attenuated and dilated are so exactly united that they wax as it were one Spirit which we call Vital VII Now the Vital Spirit is the most subtil and efficacious Part of the Blood generated out of its Sulphury and Salt Particles dilated by the Fermentation of the Heart I say the most subtile and efficacious Part of the Blood that is to say that which is rais'd out of its Sulphury and Salt Particles for every thin and vaporous Substance as that which is raised out of the serous part of the Blood is not so be call'd a Spirit because it is no efficacious part of the Blood though sometimes less to be discern'd than the effectual Spirit it self but that which through the copious admixture of it self breaks the efficacy of its Spirits and withstands their Agility When the Blood slides into the Heart presently the frame and composure of the whole Liquor is dissolv'd and the Spirituous Particles the Bond of mixture being loosen'd are exactly united together and endeavour to expand themselves every way but being restrain'd by the Vessels on the inside they are mix'd with the other Liquor and so burst forth into the open Tubes or Channels of the Arteries through which together with the Blood they are poured forth over the whole Body with the Blood and Effluviums of Heat VIII Now some there are who with Argenterius stifly deny this Spirit different from the Blood to be in the Blood though others with no less heat assert it But this Contention seems easie to be compos'd if we allow it to be the most subtile part of the Blood free'd from the thicker Matter and exalted to an extraordinary Thinness mix'd indeed with the whole but easily separable from it for that the perfection of the Blood consists in its Mixture which without this Spirit would be only a crude and unprofitable Humor In like manner as in Wine the Spirit gives the Wine its perfection and is the subtilest part of it and by how much the Spirit is better by so much is the Wine better Yet this is separable by Chymistry from the Wine but then the remaining Substance of the Wine becomes a crude watery and unprofitable Liquor And therefore the foresaid Question may be thus decided If we mean good and perfect Blood then it may be well said that the Vital Spirit is in the Blood and that it is not different from it as being the most subtile part of it rais'd out of it self which by its presence constitutes the perfection of the Blood But if we mean Blood simply so call'd as being that which is dissipated from the Blood the Blood remaining such as is to be found in dead People which is not perfect because there is no volatile Spirit remaining therein then the Spirit may be said to be different from the Blood or to be generated in it the Blood still existing which moreover were it in it would predominate in it and agitate the thicker Particles of the Blood one with another But when as Aristotle witnesses nothing is agitated or mov'd by it self it may be well said that the other thicker particles of the Blood are not mov'd by themselves but by another Mover that is the Spirit which nevertheless is nothing else but a part of the Sanguineous Mass exalted to Spirituosity Here perhaps some will object If this Spirit agitates other Particles of the Blood one with another then the Blood contains in it self the Cause of its own Motion and is not mov'd by the Heart I answer That the Motion of the Blood is double one circulatory which without doubt proceeds from the Heart by which Motion being in good part spiritualiz'd it is carry'd through the Arteries to all the Parts of the Body The other Fermentaceous which is made by this Spirit by which the least Particles of it are agitated one among another while this Spirit passes through them like a Ferment and divides 'em one from another which vehement Fermentaceous Motion is observ'd in the Crisis's of Fevers and the Emotion of the Flowers But this Motion also proceeds from the Heart so far as it continually begets this Spirit by dilating the Blood mixes it with the Blood and quickens it by its Motion into Act so that the Motion of the Heart ceasing this also ceases IX This Vital Spirit while it always endeavors to fly away by reason of its extraordinary Volatility continually agitates the other thicker Particles of the Blood that retard it and re-assume its flight and by them shaken after a various manner and by reason of way deny'd it often beaten back again by which means it divides them one from another conquers subtilizes and detains them in a continual Fermentative Motion from which Motion and Agitation of the subtile Matter proceeds Heat which being moderate in a moderate Agitation small in a small one and violent in a violent Agitation hence it happens that the Blood according to the variety of this Agitation which may happen and alter upon divers Accidents becomes more or less hot By this Motion thus stirr'd up by the Spirit the Blood is not only preserv'd in its Heat and perfect Soundness that is by the bond of exact Mixture but is also render'd fluid thin and apt for Nourishment which depriv'd of that Motion and Spirit grows thick corrupts and grows unprofitable The same Spirit also contributes such a Thinness of
Parts to the Blood as to be able to pass the most narrow Passages and to be convey'd to any Parts whatever all which Parts this Spirit quickens to their several Functions and by its continual Agitation and Heat thence proceeding continually wastes and dissipates the more fluid Particles of the Parts and continually repairs and as often increases them by means of the Blood X. But the Blood as also the Vital Spirit rais'd out of it if it consists of the two Principles Sulphureous and Salt mix'd together and equally agreeing in Strength then is the Blood best and well temper'd according to Nature But as the Force of these Principles exceeds one another it is colder or hotter and its Temper varies according to the strength and prevalency of the Principle I say Colder not that any cold Quality proceeds from Salt or from a salt Spirit as from its proper Subject but because while that predominates the Sulphury Spirit is more obtunded and fix'd whence happens a weaker Agitation of the small Particles one among another and consequently a lesser actual Heat And another Reason why Salt and its Spirit may be call'd Colder is because that being cast into the Fire it only crackles but does not flame out like Sulphur or a Sulphureous Spirit XI Now out of the Blood thus compos'd of the said Principles sometimes more sometimes fewer Spirits are rais'd For if the Blood to be rarify'd in the Heart be well concocted in the other Bowels and prepar'd for Fermentation and as I may say brought to full Maturity then there happens a right Fermentation or Dilatation in the Heart by which a convenient quantity of Spirits is rais'd up with a moderate Heat but if ill prepar'd and raw then is the Effervescency less and the Dilatation more difficult and fewer Spirits rise and hence proceeds a cold Temper of the Body If over much concocted and that the Particles either Salt or Sulphureous or both are too much attenuated then the Dilatation is overmuch in the Heart and the Spirits are over-sharp and hot and hence proceeds a hot Temperature Corruption of Humors Inflammations and Fevers especially if the Sulphury Spirits prevail above the other XII By the way we must take notice that they are in a very great Error who besides the Principles constituting the Essence of the Blood in Mixture add another Spirit and assert a necessity for it to concur and be mix'd with the Salt and Sulphur in the Serum Whereas this Spirit of which they speak is not any thing peculiar concurring to the making of the Blood but only a thin and spirituous Vapour attracted out of the Salt and Sulphur it self by force of the Heat as is perform'd by Chymistry in other Things For though all Bodies are compos'd of Salt and Sulphur as their Principles united by the Assistance of Mercury yet in regard that Salt and Sulphur are not Bodies altogether simple and equal but compos'd of unequal Particles hence the Bodies that are compos'd of those Principles consist of unequal Particles some thicker some thinner others more or less fix'd and others more or less fit for Fusion and Attenuation For the Heat acting upon Bodies compos'd of these Principles dissolves first of all and more easily the thinner and less fix'd Particles attenuates and renders them Spirituous frees them also from the thicker Particles and by means of the thicker Particles agitates and moves them and those Spirituous Particles so attenuated are call'd Spirits as being endu'd with an extraordinary Tenuity and Mobility Not that they are any thing different from Salt or Sulphur concurring to the composition of the Mixture but only some thinner Substance melted attenuated and extracted by the Force of Heat out of the same Mixture which upon the absence of that Heat again condenses and is quietly united as before with the other thicker Particles not yet brought to Fusion XIII Nor are they less in an Error who hold That there is a copious Quantity of Air mix'd with the Blood as being necessarily requisite to its Perfection Which Air they pretend is mix'd four ways with the Blood 1. As being mix'd and swallow'd with the Meat chaw'd in the Mouth with which Nourishment it is so united in the Stomach that at length entring the Region of the Heart it is incorporated with the Blood 2. By entring the Mass of Blood through the Pores of the Skin 3. When it is not a little mix'd with the Blood by the drawing in of the Breath hastning through the Lungs to the Left Ventricle of the Heart 4. When by the same breathing in of the Air it is carry'd to the Vessels and Ventricles of the Brain But if the Air be necessary to compleat the perfection of the Blood then ought it always necessarily to be mix'd with it but no Air can come at the Birth included in the Womb and its Membranes and yet the Blood bred therein is no less sound and perfect than in those that being born both breath and suck in the Air. XIV Here it may be question'd Out of what things the said Principles are extracted I answer From the Aliments which contain both Sulphur and Salt in themselves and consist of them mix'd and concocted after a Specific manner Yet some are more others less Spirituous and hence arise variety of Qualities which is the Reason that some Nourishments agree better with hot others with cold Constitutions But to the end these Principles may be extracted out of the Aliments and that Blood may be made out of 'em it is requisite that the Nourishments be prepar'd after another manner that their first Mixture may be altogether dissolv'd and the latent Sulphureous and Salt Particles be exalted to Fusion and a more extraordinary Tenuity so that being freed from their first Union they may be again mingl'd after a new manner To this purpose besides their Dissolution by Cookery and Dressing being admitted into the Body in the first place those things that are hard are bruis'd and soften'd by the Teeth in the Mouth and being prepar'd by the admixture of the Spittle are swallow'd down into the Stomach In the next place they are farther fermented and dissolv'd after a specifical manner in the Stomach 3. The more profitable Chylus and more dissolv'd Particles are separated from the thicker Particles by another peculiar Effervescency and are yet more dissolv'd and attenuated in the Milky Vessels and many Kernels of the Mesenterium and by the Commixture of Lymphatic Juice and these being mixt with the Veiny Blood and carry'd to the Heart are therein dilated and so being united with the rest of the Blood become perfect Blood But when they are the first time dilated in the Heart it is not a Spirituous Blood that is presently made out of 'em but a thicker and cruder Blood which is mix'd with the rest of the Blood several times circulated through the Heart and by that means render'd very Spirituous and
by frequent Circulations and Attenuations in the Heart render'd still more Spirituous XV. In the mean time certain it is That the Chylus passing through the Heart and therein dilated loses the Form of Chylus and at the very same moment assumes another that is to say the Form of Blood XI But here arises a weighty Question Whether the whole Chylus in its passage through the Heart loses altogether the Form of Chylus and assumes the Form of Blood in such a manner as that no Part of it remains Chylus This Doubt was started by Gualter Needham who says That the Chylus dilated in the Heart remains a considerable part of it actually Chylus and that it circulates through the whole Body being mix'd with the Blood and is again separated from the Blood in several Parts for private Uses especially in the Amnion and Breasts XVII This Opinion of his he proves from hence For that frequently crude and indigested Chylus has been drawn from the Arms â—…of such as have been let Blood The same Opinion also the Observances of other Physitians seem strongly to confirm of which Bauschius has collected several in his Germanic Ephemerides 1. Of a Girl afflicted with a continual Fever whose Blood at three several Blood-lettings appear'd Milky 2. Of a sick Patient out of all whose Veins when open'd there always issu'd forth white Blood 3. Of a certain Virgin who upon a Suppression of her Courses after she had eaten her Breakfast about Seven a Clock was let Blood at Eleven and the Blood that came from her was purely white and being warm'd upon the Fire harden'd like the White of an Egg. 4. Of an Apothecary of Cambray who being prick'd in the Arm the Blood look'd red as it came forth but was white in the Porringer 5. Of a certain Person troubl'd with the Itch. 6. Of a Woman that gave Suck that lay ill of a Malignant Fever 7. Of a Woman with Child sick of a Fever 8. Of another Woman with Child And 9. Of a Maid that was troubl'd with a Suppression of her Courses from all which Persons upon their being let Blood there flow'd a white Liquor together with the Blood And Regner de Graef mentions two Stories of white Blood seen by himself XVIII But though such a long Series of Observations seems to confirm Needham's Opinion yet because those Examples are quite from the Matter it is impossible they should be able to support it For all those Cases concern unhealthy Bodies only from whom a whitish Matter issu'd forth together with the Blood Concerning which Matter there has been a sharp Dispute between the Physicians to those Patients whether it is to be call'd Flegm or Chylus whether Milk or Matter and many uncertain Conjectures have been made about it When as it is well known by daily Practice that by reason of some certain Infection of the Blood proceeding from the bad concoctions of the diseased Bowels many times upon opening a Vein the Blood will look sometimes whitish or yellowish and sometimes of another Colour Moreover if any thing of a Chylus should be mix'd with it and circulate with it then would it sometimes be seen to flow out with the Blood upon opening a Vein which was never yet seen by any Person And in my own Practice I have order'd innumerable Persons both Men and Women some with Child and others that have given Suck to be let Blood but never could observe the least drop of Chylus in the Blood that has been drawn forth Neither did any of those eminent Physicians with whom I discours'd this Point ever see the same Neither can any man produce an Example of a Man sound in Health out of whose Veins being open'd Chyle ever flow'd with the Blood or was ever separated from it Perhaps it may be objected That Reason shews us and Experience confirms it That in big-belly'd Women and such as give Suck if they are in perfect health the Chylus is separated from the Blood and pour'd forth into the Breasts of the one and into the Amnion of the other which could not flow thither but out of the Sanguiferous Vessels carry'd toward those Parts To which I answer That the Chylus that is carry'd to the Breasts and Amnion as also that which flows through the Womb and Bladder was never infus'd into Blood-bearing Vessels or mix'd with the Blood and so neither can be carry'd through the one nor separated from the other but flows to those Parts through other quite different conceal'd Parts of which Passages we have sufficiently discours'd l. 1. c. 18. 31. c. 2. of this Book Besides all which Reason is altogether repugnant to this Opinion For when the Aliments and Alimentary Humors lose their first Forms by reason of the Concoction of the Bowels and assume another Form the same thing cannot but happen to the Chylus concocted in the Heart For Example An Apple being eaten and concocted in the Stomach is altogether depriv'd of its Form and is made into Chylus which is no more an Apple and of which no particles can be again reduc'd to the Form of an Apple So the Chylus being dilated in the Heart cannot but by its strong and sudden Effervescency presently lose all its Form of Chyle and receive the Form of Blood which though it be rawer at the beginning than the rest of the Blood frequently circulated and dilated in the Heart yet is it Blood wherein there is not the least Form of Chylus remaining But some will say That Crudity presupposes that some particles of that Chylus are not altogether chang'd into Blood but still retain the Form of Chylus and are so mix'd with the Blood I deny it for that is not call'd crude Blood wherein all the Particles of the Chylus are not sanguify'd but that which is not reduc'd to a just Spirituosity and Maturity And hence the Blood which is made first of all out of the Chylus dilated in the Heart though it be cruder yet it is not a Chylous and Flegmy part of the Blood wherein there are no Particles of the Chylus remaining only it wants as yet a just Spirituosity in some measure In like manner as the Seed which is made of the Blood becomes to be crude and unfruitful in Old Men not that there are any Particles of Blood in it that are not as yet chang'd into Seed but because that Seed by reason of the weakness of the Spermatic Parts is not yet reduc'd to a just Spirituosity and Maturity For no man how quick-sighted soever observ'd any Particles of Blood in crude Seed much less shall be able to separate any Blood from it Thus an unripe Apple is call'd crude not that any Earthy or Arboreous Particles are conspicuous in it or any way separable from it but because the Spirit latent therein is not yet reduc'd to such a Thinness and Maturity as to put forth it self which Maturity it afterwards acquires by the Heat of
the Sun and thence a farther Concoction However seeing that the Serum Choler and sometimes other corrupt Humors contain'd in the Vessels passing through the Heart together with the Blood frequently retain their own form and remain what they were before why may not the same thing befal the Chylus Because the Chylus is an Alimentary Juice grateful to Nature by previous Concoctions and Mixture with the Lymphatic fermentaceous Juice in such a manner and to that end prepar'd and made fit that it may be presently dilated in the Heart and be turn'd into Blood no way able being once dilated in the Heart to retain the form of Blood As Gunpowder is dilated of a sudden by the Fire and loses its Form But it is otherwise with the Serum Choler and other corrupt Humors mix'd with the Blood which are neither prepar'd after a convenient manner nor to the same end but unfit to make Blood though passing with the Heart through the Blood and hence it is that they remain what they were before Like a Clod of Earth impregnated with Oil and so thrown into the Fire retains the Form of Earth because its Substance is not so easily depriv'd of its Form by the Fire though the Oil with which it is impregnated being dilated and kindl'd by the Fire loses the Form of Oil in such a manner that not a drop of it remains nor can it ever be reduc'd to the Form of Oil. XIX It is therefore another Question Whether if not always and a considerable quantity yet sometimes and a small quantity of meer Chylus may not be mix'd with the Blood This we altogether deny of Arterious Blood but not always of the Veiny Blood for that sometimes there is a Milky and Chylous Juice in the hollow Vein as well infus'd out of the Milky Pectoral into the Subclavial Veins as in Women that give Suck carry'd through the Mammary Veins to the Hollow Vein it self Perhaps it may so happen that by reason of some Mixture the Colour of the Blood may be alter'd from Red to White as Oil of Vitriol and Aqua-Fortis change the Red Colour of Cloth into White but then that which appears white in the Blood is not Chylus but rather some Blood which is corrupted Like that which sometimes in a certain Cacochâ—… oâ—… the Body and in some malignant Diseases appear'd dy'd of a whitish colour Of which Bauschius gives us an Example of a Priest that lay sick of a Malignant Fever who being three times let Blood every time his Blood appear'd white having an Ulcery Substance like the White of an Egg. I shall add another remarkable Example seen by my self at Nimmeghen where at that time the Pestilential Fevers were very riâ—…e In this Distemper if the Patients were let Blood the two first days they bled very well and very good Blood but they that were let Blood after the sixth oâ—… seventh day their Blod came forth generally whitish and yet for want of Appetite they had hardly eat or drank in all that time for the Fever perplex'd the Patients more with its Malignity and extraordinary Anxiety than with its Heat and Drought Thus in many sick People who by reason of long Fasting little Chylus happens to be in the Stomach and besides what they do take soon corrupts by reason of some ill habit of Concoction and in some Crazy People in whom by reason of vicious Concoctions ill Humors increase in the Body I have seen a whitish Film swimming upon the Blood when it has been cold but quite different from Chylus which doubtless deceiv'd Needham and others maintaining their Opinion But as to what Needham adds in Confirmation of his Error That the Chylus may be separated from the Blood by Art and that by strewing upon it a certain Powder I very much suspect the Truth of it especially since he produces his Experiment from the far-fetch'd Relation of another Person unknown to him from whom as he says one Schneiderus had it by Report But I that am not to be seduc'd by these little Histories do say this That I will undertake to change the red Colour of the Blood into white and milky by Infusion of a certain Liquor but thence it does not follow that I am therefore able to separate by that means the Chylus from the Blood but rather that I corrupt the good Mixture of the Blood But omitting these Trifles let us return to the Business XX. From that Concoction and Dilatation which happens in the Heart the Blood acquires a Redness to which the Heart is not at all contributary as many think because of its Redness but by accident is caus'd by that Concoction which is made in the Heart By which the Salt and Sub-acid Particles now more exactly mix'd with the Sulphury in a short time produce that Colour from themselves For Chymistry teaches us That by the exact Mixture of Salt and especially of Acid Particles with Sulphury a red Colour is produc'd as appears by the Distillation of Salt-peter that contains in it many Sulphury Particles So never so little Oil of Vitriol being mix'd with Liquors or Syrups of a pale Red become of a deep red colour if there be any thing of Sulphur in those Liquors Now these Salt and Sulphury Particles are carry'd with the Chylus it self in which nevertheless they do not beget a red colour because the Salt Particles do not as yet seem to have attain'd to any degree of Acidity and hence are not sufficiently attenuated and mix'd with the Sulphury but being as yet both crude and too much incumber'd in the viscous Particles lie hid out of which they are at length set at Liberty and grow Spirituous by the singular Heat and Fermentation of the Heart and then being equally mix'd in Spirituosity and concurring with equal Vigor and Force they produce that red colour And 't is known in Chymistry that Sulphury Spirits rise with a smaller Heat Salt not without a brisker Fire and so it happens in the Concoctions of the Bowels By the Concoction of the Stomach and the Fermentation rais'd by the Choleric and Pancreatic Juice the Sulphury Particles are moderately dissolv'd and separated from the Aliments and then enclos'd within the Salt Particles which cannot be brought to such a perfect Dissolution by so soft a Heat which prevents the Dissipation of the Sulphury Particles by reason of their extraordinary Volatility Now the Salt Particles by their Mixture with the Sulphury by degrees becoming more dissolv'd and turn'd sub-acid at length attenuated by the intense Fermentaceous Heat of the Heart burst forth more Spirituous and then being exactly mix'd with the Sulphury Particles with which they are dilated become exactly red But if the Heart afflicted with any Malignant Distemper has not a Fermentative Power so vigorous as sufficiently to attenuate dilate and unite the Salt with the Sulphury Particles then the Blood is not altogether so red but several pale Humors are found to be mix'd
with it as is seen upon Blood-letting in Malignant Fevers which are no part of the Chylus but only corrupt Humors XXI This is the true manner of making the Blood which serves for the nourishment of all the Parts and contains in it self Matter adapted for the nourishment of all and singular the Parts out of which that is appropriated to every one which is most convenient for their nourishment to some Particles more concocted and subtile to others less concocted and thicker to others Particles equally mix'd of Salt and Sulphur as in fat Bodies to others more Salt and Tartarous as in Sinewey and Boney People and to others Particles are united and assimilated some disposed one way some another XXII This Apposition proceeds chiefly from the Diversity of Figures which as well the particular Particles of the Blood as the Pores of the several Paris obtain For hence it happens that the Blood being forc'd into the Parts some Particles more easily enter some sort of Pores and others another sort and are figur'd one among another after various shapes and forms and so are immediately united with the Substance of the Parts and are converted into their Nature and those which are not proper for such a Figure are carry'd to other Parts till the remaining and improper portion is again transmitted back to the Heart there to be concocted anew and endu'd with another more proper Aptitude It is vulgarly said That the several Parts attract from the Blood and unite the Particles most similar to themselves But there is no such Attraction allow'd in our Bodies neither are the Parts endu'd with any Knowledge to distinguish between Particles similar or dissimilar But the Blood such as it is is equally forc'd to all the Parts but the Diversity of Figures as well in the several Particles of the Blood as in the Pores of the Parts is the Reason that some Particles stick and are united to these and others to other Parts to these after one manner to those after another From which Diversity the Diversity of Substances arises some softer some harder some stronger and some weaker XXIII This Nutrition by the Blood is caus'd two manner of ways 1. Immediately when the Particles of the Blood are immediately oppos'd without any other previous or remarkable Alteration as is to be seen in the Fleshy and Fat Parts 2. Mediately when Apposition happens after some remarkable Concoction or Alteration preceding as in the Bones to whose Nourishment besides the Salt Tartareous Particles of the Blood there concurs the Marrow made before out of the Blood as also in the Sinews which are not nourished only by the Blood communicated to their outward Tunicle through invisible little Arteries from the continuation of those Arteries that pass through both Membranes of the Brain and Spinal Marrow but also by the Salter Sanguineous Particles first prepar'd by the Concoction of the Brain XXIV But in this Nutrition from the Blood three Degrees are to be observ'd 1. When the Body is so nourish'd as to grow by that Nourishment 2. When it is nourish'd and remains in the same Condition 3. When it is nourish'd and decays XXV Now that the Cause of this Diversity may be more plainly known we are to consider That there are Four Things necessary to perfect Nutrition 1. The Alimentary Juice it self 2. The Apposition of this Juice 3. Then its Agglutination 4. And lastly Its Assimilation The Alimentary Juice is the Blood which is forc'd by the Beating of the Heart through the smallest Arteries to the Parts that are to be nourish'd and is thrust forward into their Pores by which means the Substance of the Parts does as it were drink it in And because in these Pores something of Humor tending toward Assimilation remains over and above hence it comes to pass that the convenient Particles of the new-come Blood more agreeable to that Humor are mingl'd with that Humor sticking there before and being there concocted by the convenient Heat and proper Temper of the Parts are by degrees agglutinated and more more assimilated to the Substance of the Parts and are so prepar'd and dispos'd by the Vital Spirit continually flowing into the Parts together with the Arterious Blood that they acquire Vitality and become true Particles of the Parts endu'd with Life and Soul equally to the rest XXVI If now while that Nutrition is made the smaller Particles of the Parts by reason of their moister Temperament or cooler Heat stick but softly to each other then upon their first Apposition by reason of the great Plenty of Alimentary Humor flowing in by the impulse of the Heart they easily separate from each other and admit more Nutritive Humor than is requisite to their Nutrition from the Plenty of which being agglutinated and assimilated happens the Growth of the Parts by degrees because more is appos'd and agglutinated than is wasted But when by the increase of Heat the smaller Particles are dry'd up and become hard and firm as in Manhood then they no longer separate one from another by reason of the Alimentary Juice forc'd in and the Juice that is pour'd into the Pores in great quantity is vigorously discuss'd by the more violent and stronger Heat that no more can be appos'd and assimilated than is dissipated whence there follows a stay of Growth wherein the Substance of the Parts will admit no Excess or Diminution of Quantity Lastly Those smaller Particles of the Parts are not only dry'd up by that same stronger Heat and the Pores are streightn'd so as to admit less Alimentary Juice but the Alimentary Juice it self by reason of the Heat dimimish'd by Time and Age and consequently a worse Concoction of the Bowels grows weaker and less agreeable to the Substance of the Part it self and then as in Old Age the Parts themselves decrease and diminish For the unaptness of the Pores in the Parts and of the Nutritive Juice it self as also of the concocting Heat and the small Quantity of the said Juice are the reason that less is appos'd than is dissipated Now â—…his Decrease is chiefly and most manifestly observ'd in the softer Parts whose smallest Particles are moister and more easily dissipated as the Flesh the Fat c. But it is less observable in the Bones and other harder Parts whose smallest Particles are more fix'd and not so easily dissipated XXVII Here by way of Parenthesis a Question may be propos'd Whether Old Men grow shorter than they were in their Prime This many affirm and confirm by Ocular Testimony Spigelius absolutely denies it For says he That they grow shorter I deny but that they grow leaner I grant For the Bones according to which the Length of the Body is extended being hard and solid Bodies are neither diminish'd by Age nor the Force of any Disease But the Flesh is wasted and consumed as well by Age as by many other Causes So that if they
he has observ'd certain diminutive Lymphatic Vessels creeping along the Superficies of the Lungs which also Frederic Ruisch affirms he has seen and farthâ—…r that they empty their Liquor into the Subclavial Axillary and Iugular Veins XIX Little diminutive Nerves proceed from the Sixth Pair which some will have to be dispers'd through the external Membrane only but Riolanus has observ'd to teâ—…d toward the inner Parts and Bâ—…rtholin has always observ'd them to accompany the Bronchia from the hinder Part besides a little Branch that creeps through the outward Membrane from the fore-part Thomas Willis asserts That those little Nerves together with the Blood-bearing Vessels are distributed through the whole Lungs and â—…each both the Channels of the Bronchia the Veins and Arteries sending their Branches every way But I cannot persuade my self that there should be such a great Quantity of Nerves dispers'd through since Reason teaches us they must be very few and very small by reason of the obtuse Feeling of that Bowel as has been already said Riolanus and Regius indeed allow to its exterior Tunicle an exquisite Sense of Feeling as deriv'd from the Pleura contrary to Reason and Experience as we have already demonstrated XX. The Office of the Lungs is to be serviceable for Respiration XXI Now Respiration is an Alternative Dilatation and Contraction of the Breast by which the cold external Air is now forc'd into the Lungs and then cast forth again together with the Steams and Vapors that by the Reception of the cold Air and the Expulsion of it together with the Serous Vapors exhaling through the thin Tunicles of the Blood-bearing Vessels from the Spirituous Blood driven forward into the Lungs and collected together in the Windings of the Vesicles that the hot Blood spirituous and dilated into a thin Breath proceeding from the Right Ventricle of the Heart may be refrigerated and somewhat condens'd in the Lungs and many Serous Vapors separated from it that so it may more readily descend into the Left Ventricle of the Heart and there be dilated and spiritualiz'd anew and be wrought to a greater Perfection XXII For because the Blood breaking forth from the Right Ventricle of the Heart into the Lungs is much dilated very light and requires twenty times a larger Room than condens'd Blood which the left Ventricle cannot afford hence there is a necessity that that same Vapor seal'd up be again condens'd into the Thickness of Blood and so become heavier partly that by reason of its being more heavy it may descend to the Left Ventricle partly that being by that means more compacted it may more easily be comprehended by that Ventricle and so be dilated anew For as in Chymical Stills the Liquor being reduc'd into a thin Vapor cannot be contain'd in so small a Room or Vessel as it was contain'd in before Attenuation nor cannot be gather'd together and again distill'd to a greater Perfection of Spirit till that Vapor lighting into a cold Alembic be again condens'd into Water and flows through the Neck of the Alembic to be receiv'd by another Vessel and after that to be again distill'd So the Blood in the Right Ventricle of the Heart being rarifyd and become Spirituous of necessity must be some what condens'd again by the Refrigeration of the Air suck'd in to the end that being so made more ponderous and possessing less Room it may flow to the left Ventricle and refresh the fervent Heat of the Heart with a new Refreshment Moreover beside the foresaid Refrigeration the cool suck'd-in Air affords another Benefit that it presses forth out of the small Pulmonary Arteries into the smaller little Veins the Blood which is thrust forward into the Lungs and by the said Refrigeration prepar'd for Defluxion and now ready to go forth by means of the Distension of the whole Bowel and consequently the great Compression of the Vessels and from these Arteries drives it forward through the great Pulmonary Vein into the Left Ventricle of the Heart which is the Reason that so little Blood stays in the Lungs and so little is found therein when a man is dead XXIII Whence it is manifest what it is that kills those that are hang'd or strangl'd For besides that the Serous or as others say Fuliginous Vapors for defect of Respiration are not dissipated the Spirituous and Boiling Blood forc'd into the Lungs is not refrigerated nor condens'd whence the Lungs are over-fill'd and distended with an over-abounding vaporous Spirit so that there can be nothing more supply'd out of the Right Ventricle of the Heart as no more Air can be forc'd into a Bladder which is full already and by reason of its extream Lightness nothing or very little can descend to the Left Ventricle so that it wants new Nourishment and has nothing to pour into the Aorta and so the Circulation of the Blood is stopp'd and the Heart faints away for a double Reason and then the Blood not flowing to the Brain by and by the Brain ceases its Function and generates no more Animal Spirits or forces them to the Parts and so the Sence and Motion of all the Parts fail And hence it is apparent why in a Stove that is over-heated many times we fall into a Swoon because the Air being suck'd in cannot sufficiently condense the vaporous Blood for want of Cold so that the Lungs become fill'd with that Blood and afford but little or no condens'd Blood to the Left Ventricle to be dilated anew XXIV That this is the true Reason of Respiration it appears from hence That Animals which have but one Ventricle of the Heart have no Lungs and the Reason why the Birth does not breathe in the Womb is because the Blood is not mov'd by the Lungs from the Right to the Left Ventricle so that it wants no Condensation in the middle way or Compression made by Inspiration only the Lungs grow for future Uses And then the Reason why we are constrain'd to fetch our Breath quicker when the Blood is heated by Fevers or Exercise or any other Causes as when we suck in a hotter Air is this to the end that by frequent Respiration there may be a swifter and more convenient Refrigeration and Condensation of the Blood XXV But the said Refrigeration does not come to pass in the Lungs because the Air breath'd in is mix'd with the hot blood forc'd from the heart into the Lungs as was the Opinion of Ent and Deusingius and is still the Judgment of many other Philosophers at this day but because the cool Air entring the Bronchia and Bladdery Substance of the Lungs cools the whole Lungs as also the Blood contain'd in its Blood-bearing Vessels as Wine contain'd in Glass-Bottles and set in cold Water or Snow is cool'd without any Mixture either of the Snow or Water Some indeed think that though it be not much yet there is some of the suck'd-in Air which is mix'd
with the Blood and among the rest Malachias Truston defends this Opinion and carry'd with it to the Heart to the end that by its Mixture the Blood may be made more Spirituous and thinner for which they produce these Reasons 1. Because there is some Air to be found in the Ventricles of the Heart besides the Blood 2. Because that in the Plague-time the contagious Air infects the Heart 3. Because they who fall into a Swoon presently come to themselves upon the holding of Vinegar Rose or Cinamon-Water or any fragrant Spices to their Nostrils because that Fragrancy entring their Lungs together with the Air suck'd in is presently mixt in the Air with the Blood and presently carry'd to the Left Ventricle of the Heart But this Fiction seems to be of no great weight For were it true then ought the Air to be mix'd at all times with the Blood in the Lungs nor could good Blood be generated without its Admixture but no Air can be mix'd with the Blood in the Birth enclos'd in the Womb and yet the Blood which is then made is as good and as perfect without any Mixture of the Air. And therefore I answer to the First That the Air which is contain'd in the Ventricles of the Heart cannot be said to be carry'd thither by any Inspiration because it is equally as well in the Right as in the Left Ventricle whereas there can no Blood descend with Air to the Right because of the Obstacles of the Semilunary Valves Moreover such a kind of Air is to be found in the Cavity of the Abdomen which cannot be said to be carry'd thither by Inspiration besides that such a sort of Air is found in the Abdomen and Ventricles of the Heart of Births inclos'd in the Womb. To the Second and Third I say That the inspir'd malignant Air does not therefore infect the Heart because it is mix'd with the Blood but because the Blood passing through the Lungs endues them with an evil Quality which is thence communicated to the Blood contain'd in the Vessels and so to the Heart For as the hot Air impresses a hot Quality so a cold Air a cold one so a venomous or putrify'd Air or a fragrant Air impresses a contagious or fragrant Quality to the Blood and Lungs therein contain'd For that a Quality be communicated to another Body there is no necessity that the Body from which that Quality flows should be mix'd with the Body to which that Quality is communicated For that red-hot Iron should warm there is no necessity that the Iron should enter the Body that is to be heated 'T is sufficient that the small red-hot Particles of the heated Iron by their vehement Agitation violently also agitate the small Particles of the adjoyning Body to be heated and so by that violent Motion cause Heat As when a piece of Antimonial Glass put into Wine gives it a vomitive Quality there is no necessity the Antimony should be mix'd with the Wine and so when the Wine enters the Body of Man it suffices that by its Quality for it comes out exactly the same weight as it was put in it has so dispos'd the Substance of the Wine as to make it vomitive When Corn is grinding there is no necessity that the Wind should enter the Wheels and Mill-stones for by the Motion of the Sails the Wheels and Mill-stones will move though the Wind that gives the Motive Quality do not enter the Flowr or Wheat Lastly if the Air inspir'd should be mix'd with the Blood then if a man should blow into the Lungs when fresh with a pair of Bellows through the Rough the Artery the Breath would break out through the pulmonary Artery toward the Left Ventricle of the Heart which we could never observe in any Experiments that ever we made Moreover if the Air should enter the Blood-bearing Vessels not only those Vessels but the Parts themselves which are nourish'd with the Blood would be puft up with the Air and be continually infested with flatulent Tumors XXVI Charleton utterly rejects this same Refrigeration of the Lungs and the Use of Breathing and opposes it with three or four Arguments but so insipid that they deserve no Refutation and then he concludes That the Air is suck'd in for the finer Subtilization of the Blood and heating of the Vital Spirits Which Willis also affirms in his Book against Highmore But because it is an Opinion repugnant to the very Principles of Philosophy it needs no great Refutation For it is a known thing in Philosâ—…hy That Cold condenses but Heat attenuates The First is so true that in the Instrument call'd a Thermometer it is so conspicuous to the Eye that it is never to be contradicted So that there cannot be a greater Subtilization of the Blood by the cold Air suck'd in by the Lungs but without all question a Conâ—…ensation rather Now if those Learned Men before-mention'd would have held That there is a greater Subtilization of the Blood by sucking in of the hot Air we should have readily granted it but then we must say too that that Subtilization will soon be too much unwholesom and in a short time will prove deadly And that it is not the End of Respiration for the Blood to be subtiliz'd by it but that being subtiliz'd and forc'd out of the Right Ventricle of the Heart into the Lungs it should be there condens'd But if for all this they will still maintain the contrary then of necessity they will run upon a hard Rock of Necessity For then it will follow that the hotter the Air is that is suck'd in so much the swifter and easier will the Blood be and the Refreshment of the Heart greater and Men that live in a hot Air would have less need of Respiration And by Consequence also in a Fit where there is present need of Refreshment as in Burning Fevers where the Spirits are very much wasted it would be requisite to lay the Patients for the quicker restoring of their lost Spirits and refreshment of the Heart in warm Beds or expos'd to the roasting Heat of the Sun lest the Blood should be too slowly subtiliz'd in a cold Bed by the cold Air breath'd in and so the Heart and Spirits want their due and seasonable Refreshment But how contrary these things are to Reason and Experience is obvious unto them who have but so much as saluted Physical Practice at a distance Which when Gualter Needham had throughly consider'd he will not permit the Lungs any Faculty to heat or subtilize the Blood and proves his Opinion by strong Arguments XXVII Alexander Maurocordatus of Constantinople opposes this Opinion of the Lungs having the Gift of Refrigeration and brings several Arguments to uphold his Undertaking Of which the chiefest are these 1. Seeing that the cold Air which is suck'd in does not enter the Blood-bearing Vessels of the Lungs but is only circumfus'd about 'em in the Bowels of
in the Ventricles not as an unprofitable Excrement but as a useful Humor and there to be prepar'd for a necessary Use which is threefold 1. By its Coolness to temper the boyling Heat of the Blood passing along the Fold for the Fold swims upon it and so to prepare it for the making of Animal Spirits 2. By flowing to the Glandules of the Tonsils and Mouth to moisten the Larynx and Gullet 3. That in the Mouth in which together with the Liquor flowing through the Spitly Channels it begets the Spittle and in the Stomach it may be mixt with the chew'd Nourishment and help their Concoction by a peculiar Fermentation In the same manner as the Lympha flowing to the Chyle-bearing Channels prepares the Chylus after a specific manner that so coming to the Heart it may be the more easâ—…ly dilated therein and converted into Blood X. But when by reason of the coldness of the Brain or some other Weakness that Liquor is not sufficiently prepar'd then becoming more crude and viscous it is gather'd together in the Ventricle in greater abundance and from thence not only flows more copiously to the Parts aforesaid but many times the greater part of it not able to fall down to the Iaws through the ordinary narrow Channels a great quantity of it descends through other Passages to the Nose and Mouth and thence as a superfluous Excrement vulgarly call'd Flegm or Snot is evacuated at the Mouth and Nostrils And that this is the true Use of the Pituitous Humor many Reasons demonstrate 1. For that in an extraordinary heat the Head being very hot and dry and consequently this Liquor being much wasted and but little of it falling down to the Mouth and Tonsils it causes a great drought of the Jaws and Mouth and thence Thirst which also happens for the same reason in Fevers and other hot Distempers 2. For that upon longing after any pleasing Food that a man sees this Liquor together with the Spitly Humor flowing through the Spittle-Vessels flows no less from the Brain through the widened Passages to the Mouth and Tongue than the Animal Spirits that are determin'd and sent by the Mind to the Parts that require Motion 3. Because that in Persons of a hotter and drier Temper in whom the serous and flegmatic part of the Blood does not so copiously abound and the said Liquor is collected in a lesser quantity in the Ventricles and is better concocted and the thinner part much more dissipated there are none or very few Excrements evacuated from the Nose and Palate neither do they spit so much but they are more thirsty 4. Because that in moister Natures a great Quantity of this Liquor is collected in the Ventricles of the Brain and hence a greater quantity of Spittle flows into the Kernels of the Jaws and Mouth and the Spittlechannels and frequently more crude to the Mouth and Stomach â—…ay sometimes in so great a quantity as in a Day and a Night to fill whâ—…e 〈◊〉 full if the câ—…ld and moist Temper of the Brain send the Humor down in great Quantity and sometimes descending in greater Quantity to the Stomach it so relaxes and debilitates by its quantity its Coldness and its Moisture that it vitiates the fermentaceous Humors growing there and by that means takes away the Patient's Stomach and hinders Concoction 5. Because that for want of Spittle the Act of Swallowing is render'd difficult and the Concoction of the Stomach is ill perform'd as is apparent in many that are troubl'd with Fevers XI After this serous Humor being separated from the Arterious Blood of the Fold and that a sufficient quantity of that Arterious Blood is transmitted into the Brain and Marrow for the making of Animal Spirits that Blood which remains over and above 〈◊〉 the Fold flows to the Vein sometimes single sometimes double in the Ventricle running between the middle of the Fold above the Pineal Kernel and through that is carry'd to the great Hollowness of the Scythe This Vein Galen affirms to be deriv'd from no other Vein because there is no â—…ion or Conjunction of it with any other Vein to be observ'd However Bauhinus believes it to be a Branch of the great Hollowness Which Mistake is sufficiently refell'd by what we have said in the Fourth Chapter XII From what has been said we are to take notice of the Grand Mistake of Rolfinch who in a long Discourse seeking for a new Cause of Catarrhs never before found out and rejecting the Opinions of all others tho' too inconsiderately concludes that the Carotid Arteries are the Fountains of all Catarrhs For he says that they discharge their flegmatic Humors partly into the wonderful Net and that from thence these Excrements ascend higher into the Choroid Fold and the Ventricles of the Brain from whence they flow down to the Pituary Kernel and there are insensibly wasted Moreover that the said flegmatic Humors are partly purged forth through the outermost Branch of the inner Propagation into all the spungy parts of the Nostrils Mouth Jaws and Palate and are thence discharged as altogether unprofitable Which they are faulty either in Quantity Quality Manner Time or Place of Excretion then Catarrhs are thereby bred But the Learned Gentleman did not consider how easily those flegmatic Humors stop up the narrow Passages of the slender Net and Fold and what terrible Diseases thence arise as Apoplexies Lethargies Carus's c. to which men would be most frequently obnoxious if that Proposition were true Nor does he take notice that the Arteries equally convey the Blood to all Parts without any Choice nor do they particulatly convey the Choleric parts to the Liver the Melancholy to the Spleen or the Flegmatic to the Head and discharge those Humors into those Bowels which nevertheless he will have to be so done whereas there is not in the Arteries any power of separating any judgment to make choice nor can those Bowels do it by any particular virtue of Attraction but that the various alteration of one and the same Blood and the separation of the smallest Particles is order'd according to the diversity of the Kernels conformation and diversity of the parts into which it flows He alledges many Arguments for the proof of his Opinion but so contrary to Reason and Experience that they are not worth a Refutation XIII Moreover the Arch being turn'd backward the Third or Middle Ventricle which is the Concourse or Meeting of the two uppermost or foremost as it were form'd in the Center of the Marrow of the Brain Wherein are several things to be consider'd 1. Two Passages The first of which with an eminent Process which Veslingius calls the Womb is carry'd downward to the Funnel and pituitary Kernel through which the Flegmatic Excrements of the Brain are vulgarly said to be evacuated but erroneously The other which is call'd the Arse or the hole of the Arse passes to the fourth Ventricle and is
after the seizing of the Fever and with ease to the Patient whereas the Spots in Pestilential Fevers that appear about the seventh day are Symtomatical for the most Part and render the Patient worse 3. That the Fever-spots appear first like the Bitings of Fleas but the Spots of the Small Poxs and Measles have not the least resemblance to Flea-bites CHAP. II. Of the Small Pox in Specie THE Small Pox are little Wheals full of Matter breaking forth in the upper Part of the Skin and conspicuous seldom seizing the inner Parts accompany'd with a continual Fever and proceeding from a Peculiar Malignant Fermentaceous Effervescency of Humors They are most common to Children Young men have them not so often and Old men are seldom troubled with them They subsist for the most Part in the Skin only and break forth upon the Jaws and Nostrils Nature thrusting forth the Malignant Humor from the Center to the Periphery In which Operation if she be hindered or hesitate either by reason of her own weakness either through the abundance of the Morbific Matter or the insufficient or two slow Progress of the Specific Fermentation then not only the Gullet Stomac Liver Lungs Spleen Womb and other internal â—…wels are beset with filthy little Ulcers like the Skin as we have seen in several dead Bodies after Dissection and appears by the Writings and Testimonies of Paraeus Fernelius and many others In the mean time as to the Skin we are to take Notice by the way that although the Wheals are dispeirs'd up and down in several Parts of it yet they do not break forth in all places equal in quantity for that many times they are more abounding and bigger in the Face Hands and Feet then in other Parts The Reason of which effect Lazarus Riverius ascribes very plausibly to the Liver by whose more fiery temper occasioned by this malignant ebullition he believes the corrupted and putrid Humors are driven with greater violence to these Parts which he calls the Emunctories of the Liver than to any other Parts In the same manner as they who have a hot Liver are us'd to be troubled with red and pimpled Faces and feel a glowing heat in the Soles of their Feet and the Palms of their Hands Mercurialis brings other Reasons for this Effect but much farther fetch'd lib. de Morb. puer But the foresaid Reason of Riverius seems to be very probable Nevertheless we are to understand that sometimes it may happen that the Pox may be thought to come out in greater abundance in those Parts then in others by mistake as not being really so but because in those Parts they are continually in view and more troublesome then in other Parts No Age can be assured to scape them but Children are more frequently troubled with them then People of riper Years Because her weaker Constitutions are less able to resist the Specific malignant Matter and seems more apt to that peculiar Ebullition which happens in that Disease Old Age challenges a greater immunity from them then other Ages Moreover those Bodies are more easily infected which have any Analogy with the Bodies which are infected and therefore Kindred more easily infect one another which we have already observed in our Book de Peste They are very rife all Seasons of the Year but more especially in Spring and Autumn chiefly if the preceding Winter was warm and moist or the Summer rainy and the Wind Southerly attended with plenty of early Fruit. Sometimes the Disease dispeirses it self sometimes it is Epidemic and sometimes it ceases for a time But when it is Epidemical then it happens to be accompanied with other Distempers in such as never had the Small Pox before They arise from the thicker or more viscous Matter to which that Malignity adheres with the Blood fermenting after a Specifâ—…c Manner and hence they rise up into large mattery Pusles Thomas Willis believes that in this Fermentation some Portions of the Blood are coagulated with the Poyson and so expelled forth together with it But this does not seem so very probable for though they are corrupted yet they are not coagulated seeing that portions so coagulated would not so easily be expelled forth by reason of their extraordinary thickness But this Ebullition is performed after the same manner as in Beer that works wherein there is no coagulation of the Humor but many spirituous Particles being strongly agitated in the Ale by the Fermentaceous Effervescency and involv'd and intermix'd with more viscous Particles tend upward and swim upon the top of the Ale or else burst forth in froth out of the Vessel but are not coagulated for they are very subtle and spirituous as appears not only by their strong Savor but also by this that out of that same strong flower of Ale being distilled are drawn Spirits almost as strong as the Spirits of Wine A Fever alwaies accompanies the Small Pox sometimes gentle sometimes higher sometimes more remiss and that Putrid also as appears by the critical Evacuation by Wheals which could never be done without a putrid Ebullition For where corrupt and putrid Humors are separated from the good there of necessity must be either some Putrefaction or putrid Effervescency Some there are who write that the Small Pox may come without a Fever but it is not true And their mistake proceeds from hence because in Infants and little Children that Fever is so gentle before the Pox come out that it hardly does them any observable Prejudice For if they appear a little more froward then ordinary or sleepy or refuse their meat or are less chearful then they use to be the Nurses readily ascribe that to their Breeding their Teeth or to the Worms so that when the Small Pox comes out they are apt to say they came out without any Fever attending them whereas that small Fever was not sufficiently taken notice of by themselves Which sort of Fever can be referred to no sort of Fever more truly then to that purtrid continual Fever called Synoche For during that sort of Fever there is a putrid Ebullition of the Blood in the Vessels with an equal heat through the whole course of the Disease and at length a Critical Expulsion of the Vitious Humors There are different sorts of the Small Pox of which few Physitians have taken notice For some are bigger and more full of Matter and come out thick which the Dutch call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 de Pocken Others Less which the samâ—… Dutch call de Steen Pocken And these are certain small Wheals without much matter that come out in the Skin scatteringly and in no extraordinary quantity without any grievous or violent Symptoms The others are clear and large transparent like Water or Chrystal and containing a certain Watry kind of Liquor which the Dutch call Wint-Pocken and some Water-Pocken Besides these there are other differences of the Pox as they are either great or small thick or few deep or
Tumors to ripen them as they concoct crude Humors and hasten Suppuration so being taken in Decoctions or eaten they drive out the Small Pox and cause a swift Maturation of them as daily Experience tells us Only when you use them this one thing is to be observed that neither they nor their Decoctions must be given to them whose Bellies are Laxative or over-loose or where a Loosness is feared for they may excite a pernicious Flux where the Patient is subject already to Loosness Frequently therefore Physitians will not prescribe the simple Decoction of Figs but a Composition for the same purpose somewhat of this nature â„ž French Barley cleansed â„¥ j. Licorice sliced Ê’ij Red Vetches â„¥ j. s. Turnep-seed Fennel-seed an Ê’ ij Figs no. xvij Water q. s. Make a Decoction according to Art to two Pints To this Decoction some add Carduus and Water Germander others Lentils and Raisins of the Sun Parsley-seed Culumbine-seed Turnep and others other Ingredients These two Decoctions are taken from Avicen and Rases much used and approved by succeeding Physitians â„ž Lacca washed Ê’ v. Lentils peel Ê’vj Gum Tragacanth Ê’ iij. Water q. s. make a Decoction to a Pint and half â„ž Figs Ê’ vij Lentils peel'd Ê’iij Lacca Ê’ij s. Tragacanth Fennel-seed an Ê’ ij Water lb s. Boil this to the remainder of the third Part. Such a Decoction also may be somewhat otherwise prescribed â„ž Raisins of the Sun stoned â„¥ ij dry Figs no. x. â—…entils peel'd â„¥ iiij Lacca Ê’ j. s. Fennel-seed Ê’iij Parsley-seed Ê’ j. s. Saffron ℈ j. VVater lb iij. Boil them to two Pints Garcias Lopez prescribes a Decoction of the same nature after this manner â„ž Dry Figs no. x. Iujubes without Kernels no. xv Lentils peel'd â„¥ ij Seeds of Fennel Dill Parsley Quinces an Ê’ij Lacca Tragacanth Roses Saunders an Ê’ ij VVater q. s. Boil them according to Art and to the strained Liquor add Saffron powdered Ê’ s. But Cardan Io. Baptist. Sylvaticus Amatus of Portugal Septalius and some others disallow Lentils and Tragacanth Sennertus approves those compounded Decoctions only upon the score of Experience because many Physitians have been successful in the use of them not that he gives any reason for it But I will give my reason which is this because they somewhat thicken the Boiling Blood and dispose it to a quicker Maturation of the Blood and therefore I think them fit to be made use of not only at the beginning of the Distemper to drive out the Pox but a little after the beginning to hasten their Expulsion and Maturation as we said but now concerning Figs. There are some who distill these Decoctions and give the distilled Water to the Patients But these are Fools in Chymistry not knowing that Lac Figs Lentils Tragacanth and such other primary viscous and sweet Ingredients do not pass through the Lembec in Distillation whence of a good and effectual Decoction they make a Water altogether ineffectual If the Heat be not very intense you may to very good purpose add to the Decoction of Figs the Roots of Elecampane which prosperously promote Expulsion Others add the Flowers of Marigolds Instead of these Decoctions when the strength of the Disease and great necessity does not urge them these pleasing Emulsions may be aptly prescrib'd for nice and curious Palates â„ž Sweet Almonds peel'd â„¥ j. of the four Cold seeds peel'd an Ê’j s. Seed of Navews Columbines Carduus Benedict an Ê’j Barley water q. s. make an Emusion to a pint to which add refin'd Sugar or for the richer sort Manus Christi very clear â„¥ s. or q. s. to render it gratefully sweet Mingle all together and make an Emulsion â„ž Seed of Carduus Benedictus peel'd of Columbines of Navews an Ê’ij Melons â„¥ iij. Fennel and Carduus VVaters an â„¥ iij. adding of Manus Christi q. s. for sweetness mingle all together for Infants and Children All the Germans make these Emulsions with the Distill'd Waters of Sorrel Borage Carduus and Scabious c. But we ascribe little strength to them and value more the Decoction of Barley which may in some manner promote Maturation If there be any who with more discretion think fit to use Sweet-meats they may be prescrib'd after this manner â„ž Root of Elecampane Condited Conserve of Borage and Violets an â„¥ j. Syrup of Elecampane q. s. mix them and make an Electuary â„ž The pulp of large Raisins of the Sun and Figs preserv'd Orange-peel Conserve of Roses an Ê’vj Syrup of Orangs q. s. mix them for an Electuary â„ž Pulvis Liberans Ê’j Harts-horn burnt Ê’ s. Citron rind condited Wallnuts preserv'd Conserve of Marigold slowers an Ê’vj Syrup of Wallnuts q. s. mix them for an Electuary The Chymists applaud their dissolutions Magistery's and Essences of Pearls Coral Harts-horn and the like rather to be magnified for their hard Names then the benefit of their Operation as by which great effects are promis'd to be done but very little perform'd and which seem rather to aim at the gain of the Seller's then the Recovery of the Patient To all the foresaid Medicines if there be any Intense heat of a Fever some cooling things may be added as if you should add to the Decoctions Borage Succory Lettice Violet leaves Endive Bugloss Roses the four Cold seeds c. or to the Electuaries Conserve of Violets Roses Water Lillies Powder of Diatragacanth or Cold Diamargarit Trochises of Spodium or Ivory calcin'd and the like Besides Internal Medicaments Bauderon prescribes for the quick driving out the Pox and provoking of Sweats Epithemes which are a sort of Decoctions Fomentations Emplasters Oyls to anoint the Pulses and the like to be outwardly applyed But these do all more harm then good and by means of the Ventilation of the Air rather hinder then promote the provocation of Sweat However in the use of all these things a common Error of many Physitians is here to be taken Notice of who intermix with their Medicaments Sorrel green Grapes Barberies Ribes Apples Juice and Syrup of Limons Tamarinds and such kind of sowr things and this as they say to mitigate the heat and stop the Ebullition Certainly these Gentlemen are altogether out of the way Let them if they please by means of Acids mitigate the heat in Inflamations burning and tertian Fevers and such like Vitious Fermentations of the Blood but not in this Distemper which is to be brought to a Crisis and Expulsion and ripening of the morbific matter by some excess of heat and Ebullition and so to throw off the Disease For Acids because they quell the heat and Sulphureous Ebullition which attends this Disease and hinder the necessary Concoction as also the Expulsion and Maturation of the morbific matter and are hurtful to the Breast are so prejudicial that hardly any thing can be prescrib'd more dangerous CHAP. XI Of the Cure of the Parts of the Body more Afflicted then others and first of the Internal AFter General Curation which regards
THo many Physitians to preserve the Face from Scars and Pits order the ripe Wheals to be prick't with a Golden Needle yet we have found a Thousand times by Experience that it occasions the leaving of several Pits and that it is fat more conducing to the Cure not to touch them either with Needle or Hand Hence Senertus The safest way says he when the matter appears white and consequently Concocted is to commit the whole management to Nature since Experience teaches us that where the Pox dry up and open of themselves those People scape with less Disfigurement and less Footsteps of the Disease But how dangerous it is to make use of the hands and Topics Forestus tells us by the Example of a Young Maid When the Distemper says he was going off and I was desired to prescribe drying Liniments to the Face I advised the Patient to forbear them and commit the whole Cure to Nature when a white Concocted Matter ran out of the broken Pox and I ordered her not to touch the Scabs with her Fingers though they Itched never so much But because she could forbear Scratching the Wheals some of which were not yet ripe and by the advice of Idle Women made use of Fat and Cream to dry them up her Face was overcast with a deformed Scab and the Scars remained besides a Redness arose in her Eyes that could never be cured but continued as long as she lived HISTORY XV. A Noble Young Lady about twenty Years of Age having sat a while with her dear Companions that lay Sick of the Small Pox seemed to have received some Infection from it That very Evening her Head grew heavy and she lost her Stomach which was accompanied with a slothful weariness of the whole Body The next day she grew Feverish upon which I foretold her she must expect the Small Pox Thereupon I gave her a Sudorific Draught and ordered her to be kept in a gentle Breathing Sweat all the next Night The third day in the Morning I found her well covered over all the rest of her Body only her Legs out of the Bed and her Feet up to the Ankles in a Vessel of warm Milk This she had by the Advice of the silly Women who had perswaded her that if she bathed her Feet in warm Milk she would have no Pox in her Face So that she continued in that Milky Bath all the day till the Evening In the mean time the Small Pox came out that very day but no where so thick as in the Face and so the Invention of Bathing the Feet in Milk was found to be useless However in other things the Patient followed my Advice and being well Cured without many Pits in her Face laught many times afterwards at the silly Milky Counsel that was given her ANNOTATIONS THis Patient had good Luck that her Bathing did her no more harm for though she were well cover'd yet by that Ventillation some Cold might easily have got to her and have done her much Injury I remember afterward I saw the same Bath made use of in the Court of the Baron of Brederode to a young Lady that then lay sick of the Small Pox but still with the same Success So that this Bathing in Milk lost all its Reputation in that Court though it never had any with me notwithstanding that I have heard it commended by several Women HISTORY XVI IN October two Sons of N. Romburch a Vintner were taken with a Fever The next day the Parents gave to each half a dram of Treacle which caused a moderate Sweat and for Drink they gave them the simple Decoction of Figs in small Ale The third day some Red Spots appeared and afterwards the Small Pox came out very thick over the whole Body and many also seized the Eye-lids Then my Advice was desired Now because the Children were Indifferent well proportionably to the time of the Disease I did not think it necessary to prescribe any Physic only I ordered the Parents to wash the Eye-lids three or four times a day with a soft Spunge dipt in a Decoction of Althea Flowers of Melilot Roses and Fenigreek and to open the Eye-lids with their Fingers once or twice a day to let out the Humour gathered underneath But the Parents neglected that Advice foolishly tender and fearing to hurt their Children by handling their Eylids Upon the fourteenth day the Pox being ripe the Swelling of the Eye-lids fell and the Eyes open'd but it was observed that both the Boys were perfectly Blind and that there was a Skin grown over the Sight and the Iris which Skin was generated out of the Humour so many days detained within the Eye and became viscous and now covered the whole Eye like a veil This unexpected accident greived the Parents thereupon I prescribed the following Powder ℞ The whitest Sugar-Candy ʒij Lapis Calaminaris ℈ j. make a very fine Powder This I caused to be blown into their Eyes through a hollow Quill and the slight pain which it caused quickning the motion of the Eye-lids those little Films were in a short time rubbed off and washed away by the Tears that dropt from the Eye by which means the Boys were cured of that Impediment ANNOTATIONS THis we have often happen'd to see in Practice that by reason of the Eye-lids being swell'd and shut up by the Small Pox littles Films have grown in the Eyes but we have easily rubb'd them off with this Powder because they only stick to the outside of the Sight of the Eye if it be presently us'd at the beginning when the swelling falls and the Eyes begin to open but if you stay till they are dry'd and hardned by the External Air then they will not easily give way to so slight a Remedy but sharp Medicines must be us'd and the mischief is to be remov'd with more trouble and pain Two things are therefore to observ'd 1. That the swell'd Eye-lids let the Patient be never so unwilling must be parted one from the other with the Fingers and free Egress given to the Liquor contained in the Eye 2. That if those Films are grown that their Cure be not delayed but that care be immediately taken to remove them before they are harden'd by the external Air. HISTORY XVII BEing sent for together with a Chyrurgeon to the Village of Bemmel to see a Country Man that was wounded in the Breast by accident we found a Boy in the same House that was taken with a Fever and under great Anxiety and therefore because we had no other Remedies at hand we perswaded the Man to get an ounce of new Sheep's dung and steep it three hours in small Ale and then Straining it give it Blood warm to the Boy and cover him up close The next day I went again and found that the Boy had Sweat very well after his Draught and when I look'd nearer upon him I perceived that the Measles were come out very thick upon him upon
Noble French Man about thirty Years of Age Plethoric no great Drinker yet a Lover of unmixed Wine upon the Tenth of November going to Bed began to complain of difficulty of breathing yet without any pain in his Breast soon after a redness seized his Face especially his Cheeks and his Eyes also appeared swelled and inflamed This difficulty of breathing within two hours was so encreased that he could hardly draw his Breath insomuch that he was afraid of a Suffocation Wherefore about Midnight he sent for me bidding the Messenger tell me withal that he should dye unless I could help him with some present Remedy By the redness of his Face and his little frothy and flowry spitting as also by his difficulty of Breathing which was without any pain yet with a kind of heaviness in his Breast I judged this Distemper to be an Inflammation in his Lungs so much the rather because I found by his Pulse that he was in a strong Fever Thereupon I ordered a pint of Blood to be taken from the Basilic Vein of his right Arm by which he felt very much ease To drink for he was very thirsty I gave him a Ptisan of Barly cleansed and Licorice boyl'd in Water In the mean time the following Glister was prepared and given by six a Clock the next Morning â„ž Emâ—…llient Decoction â„¥ x. Elect. Diacatholici Diaphoenici an â„¥ j. common Salt Ê’j Oyl of Violets â„¥ ij for a Glister This gave him two sufficient Stools But because the difficulty of breathing still continued very oppressive about ten o Clock we took away a pint of Blood out of his left Arm. The Blood appeared indifferent good only that it had a great deal of Yellowish froth at the top Then besides the Ptisan he drank of the following Apozem now and then every day â„ž Barley cleansed Ê’ij 〈◊〉 Licoriâ—…e Ê’j â—… Endive Sorrel an one handful Violet Leaves two handfuls Flowers of Poppy Rheas two little handfuls the four greater Cold-seeds and Lettice-seeds an Ê’ij Currants Ê’ij Common-water q. s. Boyl this according to Art to two Pints In the straining dissolve Syrup of Poppy Rheas Violets and Limons an â„¥ j. mix them for an Apozem For his nourishment I prescribed him Broths with Chervil Endive clensed Barley and the like boiled therein The next day because the Patient would admit no more Glisters I gave him a Laxative Medicin which gave him four stools with great ease In the mean time he breathed much more freely and his Fever very much abated The following days the foresaid Apozem was five times repeated the seventh day of the Disease he fell into a very great Sweat of his own 〈◊〉 and so the force of the Disease being broken by a Crisis the â—…ever with the difficulty of breathing went off and the Patient was restored to his former Health ANNOTATIONS SAys Gallen when an acute Fever happens with difficulty of breathing accompanied with streightness and heaviness that Distemper is an Inslammation of the Lungs Now this Inflammation sometimes happens of it self sometimes it succeeds a Squinancy or 〈◊〉 when a Humor is carry'd from the Chaps or side into the Lungs by way of Mutation Whence Hippocrates An Inflammation in the Lungs from a Distemter in the sides is bad For it is a dangerous thing for one acute Disease to accompany or follow another But an Inflammation of the Lungs that does not proceed from any other Distemper but grows of it self proceeds from a thin and Choleric Blood flowing in a greater quantity then can be circulated into the Substance of the Lungs and there inflamed This Inflammation of the Lungs Fernelius asserts to be the less frequent of the two And it is much less frequent then the Pleurisie from which it differs because the one seizes with a most acute pain the other with a little pain but an oppressing heaviness for that the one inflames and distends the Pleura Membrane which is endued with an Exquisite Sence the other inflames and dilates the Lungs which are nothing so Sensitive In other things as acuteness of the Fever difficulty of breathing and other signs as also in the Cause and Cure of the Disease they both agree But besides the foresaid Inflmamation of the Lungs there is another sort more frequent which differs very much from the other in the excess of the Symptoms and the Cause as arising either from Flegm collected and putrified in the Lungs or from a thin sharp and copious distillation falling down upon the Lungs from the Brain and there preternaturally glowing and causing a Fever and by degrees wasting the Patient with a Cough difficulty of Breathing and a slow Fever without any spitting of Blood An Inflammation of the Lungs therefore is an acute Distemper which as Celsus testifies is more dangerous than painful Now this Distemper does not always seize the whole Lungs but sometimes one particular Lobe which Iacotius testifies he has seen in the opening of a Peripneumonic Body So says Iouberâ—… also In a Peripneumony there is no necessity that the whole Lungs should be always enflamed but many times some one of the Lobes only suffers as we have found by the Dissection of an Infinite number of Bodies This Hippocrates plainly declares where he teaches us how to know the differences of this Distemper in these words In an Inflammation of the Lungs if the whole Tongue be white and rough both parts of the Lungs are vext with an Inflammation but where but half the Tongue is so effected on that side where it is discoloured and rough there the Inflammation lyes A pain under one Clavicle denotes an Inflammation of one of the upper VVings of the Lungs but the pain extending under both Clavicles denotes that both the upper Wings of the Lungs are inflamed if the pain lye in the middle of the Ribs the middle part of the Lungs suffers but if the pain comes to that part to which the Lungs extends it self the lower wing of the Lungs is effected Where one whole Part is affected there all that answer to that Part must of necessity suffer The most certain and proper sign besides others of a true Peripneumâ—…ny is a redness of the â—…aws according to the Testimony of Galen Paulus Aegineta and Aviceâ—… with an acute Fever and extream difficulty of Breathing if accompanied with none or very little oppressive pain All which when they appeared so manifestly in our Patient there was no question to be made of the Distemper which Disease went off the seventh day upon an extraordidinary spontaneous Sweat which Forestus observes to be customary in a true Peripneumony Though sometimes as Aetius tistifies in young People it uses to go off with a violent Bleeding at the Nose or Flux of the Monthly Evacuaations which nevertheless I find that Riolanus denies Gregory Horstius has observed that a Peripneumony has gone off the seventh day with a Critical Flux Which however seems to be contrary to Reason when a Flux of
the Belly according to Hippocrates is very prejudicial to this Disease as being that by which the Morbific matter contained in the Breast cannot be evacuated there being no Passage from the Bowels included in the Breast to the Intestines It may be said that Nature seeks occult ways for her self unknown to us by which she Evacuates that filth which is noxious and troublesom to her as when in an Empyema the Matter in the Breast is voided by Urine which she may also do in a Peripneumony and so the Matter in the Lungs may be conveighed to the Guts but this rarely falls out The Cure of this Disease is very like the Pleuâ—…isie for in this Cure Blood-letting has always the greatest share many times repeated according to the strength of the Patient and prevalency of the Distemper using at the same time 〈◊〉 Remedies or Glysters and other Medicaments as well to expectorate as extinguish the heat of the Feveâ—… But there is no delay to be made in the Cure for unless this Disease be opposed with all speed in a short time it either suffocates the Patient or turns into an Empyema or Consumption for it corrups the substance of the Lungs Thus Iacotius reports that upon opening the Body of a Peripneumony he found the upper Part of the Lungs gangreen'd and the Medrastinum full of a bloody Serum OBSRVATION II. The Tooth-ach THE Daughter of N. complained of an Intollerable pain in her Teeth which had lasted for some Months together nor could be asswaged by any Topics or other Medicaments taken I advised her for some Nights together when she went to Bed to swallow two Pills of Transparent Aloes about the bigness of a Pea and not to drink any thing afterwards which when she had done three or four times the pain ceased and never returned ANNOTATIONS IT so happens that sometimes the upper Orifice of the Stomac being stuft with Viscous Cold or Choloric Humors is the Cause of the Tooth-ach partly because of the great consent there is between it and the Brain by the Nerve of the Sixth Conjugation partly because that then being loosened with over much moisture it sends up many Crude and Cold or Choleric and sharp vapours to the Brain In such a Case those Cold and Viscous Choloric Humors are best expelled by strong Vomits or Bitter detersive Medicaments that will adhere long to the place affected And therefore I ordered her toward the Evening to swallow two dry Pills of Aloes sometime after she had Supped and to drink nothing after them to the end that staying in the Oesophagus and being there melted they might stick the longer to the Orifice of the Stomac and have more time to cleanse it For Medicaments that are taken upon a fasting Stomac presently â—…ink down to the bottom of the Stomac and signifie nothing in the Distempers of the upper Orifice Thus Avicen orders all Pills that Purge the Head to be taken at Night an hour after Supper OBSERVATION III. A Pestilential Fever A French Merchant came to an Inn and not finding himself very well presently went to Bed believing it to be nothing else but the weariness of his journey the next day the Disease augmenting the Woman of the House desired me to see him and try whether he were not infected with the Sickness which was very rise in many Places He was very weak with a little Pulse thick and unequal Yet the Fever did not offend so much by it's heat as by it's malignity I understood also by the Sick Person that he found himself ill the day before he came and that this was the third day of the Disease But when I found neither Carbuncles nor Bubos nor any other Signs of the Pestilence I Judged his Disease to be rather a Pestilential Fever then the Pestilence it self thereupon I began with Blood-letting after I had first given him a Glister and took away fifteen or sixteen Ounces of Blood out of the Median Vein of the Right Arm which Blood a thing to be wondered at was for the most part whitish so that it hardly seemed to be Blood When it was cold that which first came out first like Milk was all coagulated like a Muscilage and was of a greenish Colour only some very few red Clods were to be seen at the bottom That which flowed out last was for the most part between green and white but at the bottom there was a Setling of Blood of a dark red Colour that was scarcely curdl'd This Blood-letting gave him great ease In the mean while for his Drink I gave him a Ptisan wherein Citron Rinds and the Fruit of Tamarinds were boyl'd Then because of the extraordinary Corruption of his Blood I ordered him to be let Blood again which the Patient hearing impatient of the Anxiety that oppressed him he earnestly desired me it might be done that day Thereupon toward the Evening we took out of his other Arm about a Pint of Blood that which came out first was very white that which came out last very red and to repair his strength we gave him Chicken Broth with Sorrel and a Pome Citron boil'd in it All the next Night he was very pensive weak and restless so that it was thought he would have dyed But Nature being now discharged of her burthen the next day which was the fourth day of the Disease strongly and successfully expelled the remainder of the Malignity by a critical and spontaneous Sweat which about Noon breathed out in great abundance from the Patients Body at the same time also small red Pustles like Millet Seeds came forth very thick so that the Skin of his whole Body was cover'd with them from Head to Foot After this lucky Crisis the Fever went off and then the Patient falling again to his Broths and Drinking his Ptisan recovered his former Health and lost Strength But all the Cuticle of his Body became new the former peeling off not without an extraordinary Itching ANNOTATIONS CErtainly it was a very great Malignity that had caus'd such a Corruption of Humors by which the Blood was so strangely changed in so short a time as to loose its Natural Colour and grow white 'T is true I once saw at Beauvais Blood which came out at first white like Milk and afterwards somwhat red from the Arm of one that was Sick of a Malignant Fever which Blood was then shew'd to several that lookt upon it with admiration These Malignant Fevers too were at that time very rise in most Parts of France and were caus'd by the common and great Infection of the Air. The Nature and Cure of which see Obs. 24. where we shall describe the Story of a Fever like to this that seiz'd one of our Country Men. OBSERVATION IV. JOhn de Laurier a Merchant of Poitou about threescore Years of Age ask'd my advice concerning a Gonorrhea which he had for some Months accompanied with a heavy pain in the Loyns Upon Examination of the case
is chiefly communicated to others by Contact and Attraction of putrid and most nasty Vapors of Sweat of Ordure c. and therefore they who attended the Sick or staid any while with them were sure to be infected with the Distemper but the Contagion was first spread all over Nimeghen more especially for this reason because the whole City by reason the Army was so vast was all full of Souldiers insomuch that all the Streets and Lanes were fill'd with Souldiers some in Health and some sick lying every where at the Sides of the Streets and hence the Filth and Excrements as well of the Sick as Healthy were thrown into the publick Passages in great Heaps nor was there any avoiding them because of the extraordinary Multitudes of People passing to and fro And thus it came to pass that the malignant and corrupt Vapors rising from those nasty Dunghills infected the whole City with Contagion and Disease The Cause of this Disease did not lye so much in the malignant Corruption of the Spirits as of the Humors and therefore it might be very properly call'd a Pestilence in the Humors but it differed from the Pestilence in this that in the Pestilence the vital Spirits in this Fever the Humors are corrupted after a malignant manner Moreover the Contagion of the Pestilence hangs in the Air and infects more at a distance but the Contagion of this Fever is communicated by the Immediate Contact and Attraction of malignant Vapors Lastly the Pestilence is a Disease more acute and dangerous and of which more die than escape but in this Disease more escape than dye This Fever at the beginning seiz'd some sharply but most People gently some without and others with a slight Cold and Shivering A little after the beginning in many followed a very great Heat accompanied with a vehement Thirst which Burning sometimes intermitting by slight Intervals continued for the most part till the seventh day or longer In many also this intense Heat was not perceived and in such Persons the Heart was more affected by the malignity of the Humors than the heat for in them the Vital Faculty was more endammag'd At the beginning of the Distemper there appeared a very great Debility and Dissipation of the natural Strength Deliriums in some in most Faintness in many Head-achs and want of Sleep in all Thirst with a great driness of the Tongue many also presently after the Disease were troubled with malignant Dysenteries and Diarrâ—…ea's very difficult to be cured The Pulse was also very thick but weak and unequal Upon the days of Crises's the Patients were generally worse nevertheless very few Crises's that were good Nature seemed to endeavor and attempt Crises's but in regard of the great quantity of malignant Humors and the wasted strength of the Patient she was not able to accomplish them Crises's by Sweat or bleeding at the Nose or coming down of the Courses sometimes alone vanquish'd the Distemper but very seldom for they were for the most part imperfect bâ—…t by loosness of the Belly they were dangerous and to many mortal In some little red Spots breaking out over all the Body upon the Skin chang'd the Disease sometimes for the worse and sometimes for the better Some that lay long sick had critical Abscesses in some sound part But Carbuncles never appeared I never saw any that had either Kernels in their Groins behind their Ears or under their Arm-pits or that Nature ever voided any thing through those Emunctories Some that had been cured of this Fever easily relapsed into as dangerous and mortal a Distemper especially if they exposed themselves abroad too soon or committed the least Error in Diet. In the Cure of this Distemper the primary and chief Relief was given by Blood-letting three or four times and in some six or seven times repeated I have seen French-men whom their Physicians have let Blood in four days space no less than twelve times and have taken great quantities of Blood from them for the Patients found great Ease after Blood-letting and because so known a Remedy at length that many without the Advice of a Physician would order themselves to be let Blood by which means some cured themselves of their Distemper More than that this seemed a greater Wonder that when Blood-letting decays the Strength so much yet in this Disease after great quantities of Blood taken away Nature gathered new Strength and was relieved from the burthen of malignant Humors and all the Patients even they that were in the weakest Condition were able to endure Blood-letting These Fevers submitted to no Remedies so easily as to Blood-letting The Blood which was drawn forth for the two or three first times was very Corrupt in all Men. Nor do I remember that among all those Multitudes of Sick People I ever saw one that had good Blood taken from him at the beginning but for the most part whitish often between livid and greenish wherein there was a little mixture of red Blood It was Muscilaginous like the Decoction of Calves-feet In most it was Coagulated In some also it would hardly Coagulate the Fibres being for the most part consumed by the Corruption and those were in most danger After the third or fourth Bleeding the Blood prov'd tolerable Being call'd therefore to Patients after loosening the Belly with a Glyster we order'd Blood-letting as soon as possibly we could and if the Patients strength would permit we repeated it the next day taking away every time from half a pint to a pint of Blood and the same we did again after three or four days intermission according to the strength of the Patient and the excess of the Fever Nevertheless in the mean time we Administer'd Purging Medicines and sometimes Glysters to keep the Body open and because there was a Malignity in the Disease we made frequent use of Diaphoretics and Antidotes Juleps and Cooling and Cordial Electuaries were very Beneficial mix'd with Diuretics more especially if they were opposite to the Malignity When the Patient could not sleep we anointed his Temples with some gentle Opiate and gave him sometimes Narcotics to swallow ANNOTATIONS MAlignant and Pestilent Fevers how they may be allowed without a true Pestilence we have shown at large in our Treatise of the Pest. But these Fevers are various as not proceeding always from the same Cause nor seizing the same manner nor admitting the same Cure Sometimes the Infection of the Air alone sometimes extraordinary Corruptions of the Air by bad Dyet or otherwise sometimes hurtful Exhalations of things Corrupt and Putrid sometimes dispositions of the Temperaments of the Air and Bodies either single of themselves or some or all of them conjoyned together create these Epidemic Fevers and therefore as the Causes are various so is there great varieties in the Cure And therefore it is that these malignant Fevers seldom appear twice altogether one like another Fracastorius describes a Pestilential Fever which differed very much from
ours which came from a certain Infection of the Air and chiefly prey'd upon the Spirits and not upon the Humors and was chiefly cured with Antidotes whereas Blood-letting did harm On the other side our Fever more an Enemy to the Humors then the Spirits was cured by Blood-letting Wierus makes mention of a Malignant and Pestilent Fever which was very rife about the Countries lying upon the Rhine and very different from ours which the Cure informs us for he writes that he found Blood-letting very dangerous From our Fever also differ very much those Fevers which Forestus describes wherein there were neither the same Symptoms neither would the Cure admit repeated Blood-letting Lazarus Riverius produces one Example of a Malignant Fever which in many Patients agreed with ours and was cured by five times Blood-letting To which there was one very like that we saw in France in the year 1632 already mentioned Observ. 3. But that it may be the better understood How Patients afflicted with this same Malignant Fever are to be ordered I shall produce one or two Examples of a thousand in the following Observations OBSERVATION XXV A Malignant Fever HErman Thomas a Baker was seized with the foresaid malignant Fever the fifth of September with a very great Heat and Consumption of his Spirits at the beginning his Pulse beat thick yet not very unequal this Thirst was vehement with a very great driness of the Tongue All the Body seem'd to be equally affected and therefore he never felt any Pain only complained of a great Faintness and Dejection of his Heart the first day coming to him about the Evening I ordered him an Emollient Glister which gave him three Stools and to quench his Thirst I prescribed him this Julep â„ž Carduus-water Borage and Sorrel-water an lb j. 〈◊〉 of Citron newly squeezed out of the Fruit Syrrup of the â—…owre part of the Citron of Violets Rob of red Ribâ—…s an â„¥ Oyl of Sulphur q. s. to make it gratefuly sharp mix them for a Iulep The sixth of September in the Morning we took away a pint of Blood out of the Median Vein of the right Arm which gave him great ease The Blood was very bad the upper half between livid and green and like a Muscilage the lower half black and coagulated the Serum also was Green The next day he felt a Pain in his Throat which was without any Tumour for the asswaging of which I ordered him a proper Gargarism In the Morning he took a gentle Purge which gave him five Stools To quench his Thirst he took small Ale and sometimes his Julep the eight of September his Fever continuing in the same state we took away ten Ounces out of his left Arm which was as bad as the first the ninth this Sudorific was given him â„ž Diascordium of Fracastorius Ê’j Confection of Hiacinth Extract of Carduus Salt of Rue an ℈ j. Treacle and Carduus water an â„¥ j. Oyl of Vitriol ix drops mix them for a Draught Upon this he sweat well nevertheless the Continual Fever his weakness his Pain in his Throat his Thirst and driness of his Mouth continued still besides that he could not sleep hardly at all Therefore in the Afternoon he drank two Draughts of the following Apozem and took it also the next day â„ž Roots of Succory Grass Asparagus an â„¥ j. of Elecampane Sea Holly and stone Parsley an â„¥ s. Herbs Sorrel Carduus Benedict Borage Centaury the less Scordium Scabious an one handful One whole Pome Citron cut in slices the four greater Cold-seeds an â„¥ j. s. Fruit of Tamarinds Rhenish Tartar an Ê’vj Curants â„¥ j. s. Boyl them in common water q. s. to 〈◊〉 ij add to the straining Syrup of Limons â„¥ iij. mix them for an Apozem The eleventh after an Emollient Glister first given we took away seven Ounces more of Blood out of his right Arm which very much abated the Fever the twelfth after he had taken his former Antidote in the Morning he Sweat very much and in the Afternoon he took his Apozem The next day because his Belly did not answer our Expectations I gave him this Powder to take mixed with a little of his Julep which gave him three Stools â„ž Rhubarb the best Ê’j Cremor Tartar Ê’ s. for a Powder This Powder he took again the sixteenth in the Intervening days and the three days following he took the foresaid Apozem and a small quantity of this Conditement â„ž Pulvis Liberans Ê’j s. the three Saunders ℈ ij Confection of Hyacynth ℈ j. s. Candy'd Orange Peels Rob of red Ribs Pulp of Tamarinds an â„¥ s. Syrrup of Limons q. s. mix them for a Conditement Upon the twelfth his Fever abated every day more and more neither was he molested any more with Anguish or Thirst but his Stomach began to come to him but then through a slight Errour in his diet he fell into a Relaps and his Fever returned with great violence Therefore after we had Glistered him first we took half a pint of Blood out of his left Arm which gave him so much ease that the Fever was almost totally quenched with that one Blood-letting The next Morning taking his Antidote again he Sweat soundly and then taking his Apozem and his Conditement both that day and the three or four next days he was presently delivered from his Fever During the Cure we kept him to a slender diet of Broths wherein were boil'd Sorrel Borage Pome Citrons Barley cleansed and unripe Grapes To drink we gave him small Ale and sometimes Juleps and sometimes he quenched his Intollerable Drought with Pulp of Tamarind or by chawing a slice of Pome Citron dipped in Sugar or else by laying upon his Tongue a Leaf of the bigger Sempervivum steeped in water and the outer Skin pulled off OBSERVATION XXVI A Malignant Fever GErtrude Coets a Young Maid of about twenty four Years of Age was seized with the same Pestilential Fever Upon the eight of September I being sent for which was the fourth day of the Disease I found her so weak that she could hardly speak she swoonded away every moment by reason of the Malignant Vapours that oppressed her Heart her Pulse was very weak thick and unequal the heat not very intense in regard the Morbific Matter infested her more by it's Malignity then it's Heat presently I gave her this Sudorific â„ž Oriental Bezoar stone ℈ s. Diascordium of Fracastorius Mithridate Damoc. Confection of Hyacinth an ℈ j. Carduus water â„¥ j. mix them for a Draught Though she did not sweat long by reason of her weakness yet she had very much ease to quench her Thirst I prescribed her this Julep â„ž Carduus Baum Sorrel and Scabious waters an lb. s. Cinnamon â„¥ j. Citron juice newly squeezed â„¥ j. s. Syrrup of Limons Violets an â„¥ j. s. Oyl of Sulphur q. s. mix them for a Iulep The ninth her Belly was moved by a Suppository and two hours after we took from the Median Vein
of her right Arm half a pint of Blood which was very corrupt Muscilaginous between Pale and Greenish with a green Serum containing a little good Blood at the bottom notwithstanding the great Consumption of her strength she endured her Blood-letting very well which gave her great ease she also often took a small quantity of this Conditement ℞ Pulvis Liberans ʒj Salt Prunella ℈ j. Rob of red Ribes Pulp of Tamarinds Conserve of Roses an ℥ s. Confection of Hyacinth ʒj s. Syrrup of Limons q. s. mix them for a Conditement The next day she continued the same Medicins and for her ordinary drink she drank small Ale with some few drops of Oyl of Vitriol The eleventh of September she took again her last Sudorific and found some ease by it The twelfth her Anguish and Weakness seemed again to increase wherefore we drew six Ounces of Blood out of her left Arm which was as bad as the former This Blood-letting gave her very great ease I would willingly have prescribed her Apozems and some other things but because she was nice and had a very nauseous Stomach by reason of her Disease she could take nothing The thirteenth we mixed ʒj of Rhubarb Powdered and ʒ s. of Cremor Tartar in a little small Ale and deceived her which gave her three Stools the next day she was much better and taking the foresaid Conditement her Fever became very remiss The eighteenth she relapsed into an extraordinary weakness then I ordered her this mixture in a Spoon which somewhat releived her ℞ Oriental Bezoar stone ℈ s. Confection of Hyacinth ℈ j. Cinamon-water ʒj Carduus-water ʒij mix them The nineteenth we again drew out of her right Arm five Ounces of Blood which very much abated her Fever that day and the next day she continued the use of her Conditement and Julep at this time D. Gilbert Coets cheif Physitian of Arnheim was called to consultation who recommended for a try'd and most proper Remedy his own Treacle-water which he called Carbuncle-water and concealed as a great Secret by his advice one Spoonful of this water was given twice or thrice a day to the Patient but the twenty first her Fever growing more upon her I gave her this Antidote ℞ Salt of Wormewood Confection of Hyacinth an ℈ j. Oriental Bezoar gr xii Carbuncle-water Carduus water an ℥ s. mix them This was again repeated the twenty second and twenty third the twenty fourth by the help of a Suppository she had a Stool in the Evening she took this ℞ Bezoar stone Oriental gr xii Pearls prepared ℈ j. Carbuncle water ℥ s. mix them and give a Spoonful at a time The next day she swallowed xii grains of Pill Ruffi in two Pills which toward the Evening gave her two Stools The twenty eight of September she took them again as also upon the second of October in the Intervening time she continued the use of her Conditement Julep and Cordial-water and fed upon Broths and thus she was restored to her former Health OBSERVATION XXVII A malignant Fever HEnry ter Koelem being taken with the same Malignant Fever the fourth of September sent for me I found him full of Anguish and weak his Pulse weak and unequal yet without any intense beat we let him thrice Blood us'd proper Glisters loosening Medicaments Sudorifics and such as resisted Corruption and Malignity together with other Cordial Remedies and so recovered him But going abroad too soon and being careless of his diet upon the twenty eight of September he relapsed into a more dangerous Fever then his first After twice letting Blood and several other Medicaments exhibited red Spots and some Purple ones came forth over all his Body upon the Skin upon which the Fever went off and within eight days he recovered much of his strength but then ignorant of his weakness and trusting too much to his strength upon the twenty eight of October going but once a little abroad he fell into a second Relapse more dangerous still by reason of his strength debilitated by his former Sickness The Fever harrass'd his Body already much weakened with great violence nevertheless after Blood-letting we gave him several Remedies with that success that at length upon the tenth of November he fell into a very great Spontaneous Sweat but as he lay in his Sweat a certain Ruddy Tumour began to appear in his left side above the fifth sixth and seventh Rib which the next day bunched out as big as a Man's Fist. Thus the Fever went off and the Crisis of the Disease was performed by Sweating and an Impostume but the Tumour was very hard which because we could not bring to a head in five days with mollifying and ripening Cataplasms and for that the Party complained of the Pain of the inner part affected I was afraid least some matter sticking between the Ribs near the Pleura Membrane should have already ripened which might occasion some greater Mischeif should the Impostume break within before the outward Maturation and so the Matter fall down to the inner parts to prevent this Inconvenience though I could neither see nor feel any sign of outward Maturation I ordered a Chyrugeon to open the Tumour half a Fingers breadth above the Ribs which done it appeared that my judgment had not failed me for there came forth at the same time matter both white and Mature and thus the Patient escaped the danger threatened by the Impostume to that so soon as the Tumor was cured he recovered his former Health OBSERVATION XXVIII A malignant Dysentery AT the same time that the foresaid Malignant Fever so cruelly raged Malignant Dysenterys fatal to many were very rife after they had voided the slime of the Guts they presently voided Blood not alone and pure but mixed with a certain white Viscous and Tenacious Humour which like Pitch or Bird-lime stook close to every thing it touched and might be drawn out into long strings The Patients were cruelly griped in their Bellys and besides a continual Fever Anguish of the Heart extream Weakness vehement Thirst loss of Stomach want of Sleep and something of heat in the Urine were the Concomitants of this Distemper and as for them that voided that viscous and white slime mixt with Bloody Dejections if it were very tough the most of those People dy'd and the less tenacious it was the better they escaped They who brake wind during Exoneration gave great hopes of recovery They that were conversant with the Sick or tended upon them were infected with the contagious Stench of the Disease these Fluxes were very difficultly cured in regard that Blood-letting avails nothing in the cure and many times neither Purges nor Astringents nor Sudorifics nor other Remedies usually administered in this Distemper were given with any success ANNOTATIONS THIS same Contagion at this very time carry'd off vast numbers of our Men in the Camp before Schenk-Fort And when the Physitians to the Army had try'd all the Remedies
a Salt and sharp Defluxion that fell upon his Lungs a short while after in Coughing he spit a great quantity of Blood and not long after this same spitting of Blood he also spit Corruption More then this there was mixt with his Spittle a white Viscous and very Tenacious white slime which he spit forth every day with a great quantity of Matter and Blood This Disease was accompanied with a slight Fever but not continuous The Patient was all over consumed away and so hoarse that he could hardly speak he also complained of an inward oppressive Pain in his right Lung and said that he was sufficiently sensible that what he spit forth ascended from that side of his Breast sometimes he was almost Suffocated with Coughing by reason of the Tenacious Matter sticking in his Throat for the cure of this Distemper I gave him many and various Remedies for a long time to stop the Catarrh abate and lenify the Cough promote Expectoration drying and Vulnerary Medicins Decoctions of Guaiacum China and Sassaperilla Haly's Powder against a Consumption Looches and other proper Medicaments but all in vain at length when these things nothing availed but that the Ulcer grew worse and worse and the Patient grew averse from taking any more Physic his Body being become as lean as a Skeleton and his strength more and more failed him we were constrained for some time to give over the use of Physic In the mean time to repair his strength and support Nature I ordered him to drink a Draught of Goats Milk newly Milked from the Goat and Blood-warm beginning with a less quantity till he came to a Pint after he had continued to take this Milk for two or three Months his Cough began to abate and his Lungs to dry up he spit little and gathered strength every day Therefore still continuing the use of it the Ulcer in his Lungs was perfectly consolidated and he luckily escaped a most dangerous Consumption neither did he perceive any thing of evil in his Breast for several Years till twelve Years afterwards he relapsed into the same Distemper through a Defluxion of sharp Rhums and in regard I then lived at Nimeghen and for that other Physicians did not prescribe him proper Medicins he died altogether consumed and emaciated ANNOTATIONS A True Phthisis or Consumption is a very dangerous Disease which few escape Sometimes by long use of Medicines the Mischief may be asswaged for a time and Life may be somewhat prolonged but the Patients are very rarely perfectly cured and yet in the foresaid Patient we prevailed so far that he liv'd Eleven Years after the Cure in perfect Health Now that Milk contributes very much to the Cure of a Consumption is confirm'd by the Testimonies of Galen Rhasis and several other Ancient and Modern Physitians Therefore says Sennertus speaking of a Consumption The most proper Medicines here to be made use of are such as answer all our ends such as consolidate the Ulcer restore the Emaciated Body and mitigate the heat of the Fever Of which the chiefest is Milk then which as Galen affirms there can be nothing more prevalent given to Cure Consumptions And then again Among Nourishments Milk obtains to be preferred above all others It nourishes the Body extreamly affords good Matter to the Blood tempers the Acrimony of vitious Humors cleanses the Ulcer with its serous Part with its Cheesy part it contributes Consolidation and with its Buttery Part it moistens and resists the dryness of the Body The same Commendation Riverius gives to Milk in his Treatise of Physical Practice But in the use of Milk several things are to be considered 1. With whom it does not agree 2. When and how it is to be given 3. What quantity 4. How it is to be corrected 5. What Milk is convenient 1. Grato tells for what Persons Milk is not convenient in these words Let Practitioners in Physic observe three Conditions in the Prescription of Milk first that there be no weakness nor pain in the Head For Hippocrates tells us it is not good for such Secondly That the Fever be not very violent For it is almost impossible but that Milk must corrupt in the Stomac of a Person troubled with a violent Fever Thirdly That the Bowels be not distended with Wind. And of this opinion also is Sennertus Secondly Milk must be taken upon an empty and clean Stomac else it grows sowr and corrupts Also it is to be taken newly milked and warm or suckt from the Teat For if it be cold it gathers filth if it be boyled it becomes thick viscous and ungrateful After the Patient has taken it let him not sleep nor take any other meat or drink as Wine Vinegar or Stale-beer before the Milk be sufficiently corrupted in the Stomac Thirdly Let the quantity be small at first about four or five Ounces that the Stomac may accustom it self to it by degrees then increase it to half a Pint and so to a Pint. For it is to be always given in such a quantity that the Stomac may be able to bear and concoct it And therefore you must ascend from the less to the greater quantity first once then twice then three times a day Fourthly To prevent the Milk from curdling or growing sowr in the Belly a little Sugar may be mixt with it Riverius praises the mixture of Sugar of Roses which however is not necessary where there is no fear of Coagulation Other Physitians mix Honey with it but we do not approve that Mixture Fifthly In the last place there is some choice to be made of the Milk That womans Milk says Mercurialis is certainly the best there is no body will question For this without doubt is most agreeable to the Nature of our Bodies And Zacutus of Portugal says that he perfectly cured a Consumptive Person with the use of it And such another Cure Valleriola relates So Plater tells us that he had seen several recovered by sucking Womens Milk from the Teats Among which there was one that not only recovered but gathered so much strength that because he would not want Milk for the future he got his Nurse with Child again Next to Womans Milk are Asses Cows and Goats Milk Asses Milk is thinner more serous and 〈◊〉 to cleanse the Ulcer Cows Milk lâ—…ss serous but more nourishing Goats Milk differs not much from Womans Milk It drys and consolidates very much By the use of this our Patient was cured OBSERVATION XXXI Vomiting MOnsieur de Guade a Captain in the King of France's Army was taken with a Vomiting which lasted for three days together nor would any Vomitories or any other Remedies given him do him any good I found that what he Vomited up was a frothy kind of Flegm which the Patient himself affirmed to be Salt with which there was a little Choler intermixed however he did not Vomit up very much but little often and with violent straining We gave him twice or thrice
as also meats of hard disgestion and bad nourishment but prescribed him fresh Meats broth made of Mutton Lamb and Chicken potched Eggs new Milk and the like And as to other things that concerned his Diet we prescribed as we saw occasion However we continued the use of Vulnerary Pectoral Apozems no Fever troubled him and his Appetite was none of the worst after three or four weeks together with the Blood which in all that time had vented it's self upward through the Leaden Pipe sometimes frothy sometimes watery sometimes curdl'd he began to throw up a good quantity of Matter with his Cough which Spitting of Blood and Matter continued till the sixth Month so that there appeared no hope of recovery for the Patient all wasted away was reduced to utmost leanness and debility however the poor Man willing to live besought us not to give him over so that we could not choose but go forward though we thought it to no purpose in the first place therefore to repair his Strength we ordered him to drink a draught of Goats Milk warm from the Udder three times every day and sometimes we gave him corroborating Amygdalates and Conditements after we had made use of the Goats Milk for sometime his Spiting of Bloody Matter began to abate and at length about the beginning of the tenth Month after his being Wounded surceased altogether as did also his Cough from that time forward continuing the use of his Milk he gathered strength every day more and more and got Flesh upon his Back toward the end of the tenth Month he walked about the Chamber and at the end of the eleventh Month being perfectly cured he walked abroad nor was there any thing that troubled him after so dangerous a Wound and I saw him seven Years afterwards riding sound and well among the rest of the Troops ANNOTATIONS WOunds in the Lungs are very dangerous and for the most part mortal according to the opinion of Hippocrates Galen Avicen Celsus and of all the most Famous Physitians and Chyrurgeons for that being a Spungy Bowel it will hardly admit of any cure but that they are not always mortal experience teaches us in regard that very dangerous wounds of the Lungs given by Swords have been known to have been perfectly cured and others when part of the Lungs have been cut away As Rowland of Parma Theodoric Gemma Valleriola Hildan and others testifie but you shall rarely hear of any that have been shot into the Lungs with Musket Bullets who have escaped and been perfectly cured because the violent contusion of the Bullet seems to admit no cure in that Spungy part but rather threatens an Inflammation a Gangrene or a Mortification though Peter Futman describes such a cure done in an Epistle to Gregory Horstius and such a Cure it was that so luckily besel this Trooper through the use of Goats Milk and other Medicaments and indeed it is to be look'd upon as a very wonderful Cure for my part I never believed before that ever three such VVounds in the Lungs with a Musket Shot could have been cured by any means whatever and should have hardly believed it had I not been an Eye witness we have indeed seen VVounds in the Lungs with Swords and Knives cured but that is not so wounderful because there is no Contusion there nor does an Inflammation so easily happen Besides the said Cure this is also to be admired in reference to this Trooper that being so dangerously wounded he was not infected with the Plague which was then very rise as many that were wounded and sick of other Diseases were but he was a strong Man in the Flower of his Age and of a good Temper of Body in Captain Conyers a English Gentleman's Troop OBSERVATION XXXIX Burstenness of the Guts THE Wife of Iohn Vermulen an Ale Brewer a Woman about forty Years of Age had a Burstenness of her Guts protuberant in her right Groin about the bigness of a Goose Egg it was accompanied with a total obstruction of the Belly by reason the Guts was fallen through the narrow hole of the Rupture into the Groin The sixth day after the beginning of the Malady I was sent for I ordered her to be Glistered twice and the Gut to be gently put back by a Woman that professed that operation but all to no purpose the Guts being so distended with Wind neither the Gut nor the Wind would go back Fomentations nor other proper Topics availed nothing upon which I told her there was nothing but Death or a desperate Remedy that was to dilate the Peritonaeum by Incision that the Gut might be put back through a large hole my advise did not please And therefore when I saw there was nothing else to be done but what they were unwilling to permit I took my leave and left the Patient for gone After that an ordinary fellow a Stone-cutter that wandered about the Country to get business commonly called Mr. Gerrard was sent for who boasted that he would return the Gut in a small time but after he had several times attempted it in vain he was dismissed with more shame then reward four days after his departure the Groin putrifying and breaking a great quantity of Excrements came forth to the great ease of the Patient but her inevitable ruin for the Gut was broken by the compression of the Mountebank which was the reason that the part was putrify'd so soon by the falling of the Excrements into the void hollow of the Groin the last remedy then was to sow up the Gut and enlarge the Peritonaeum but in regard I saw no hope of recovery in so weak a Patient I advised her to let it alone and prepare her self for a more easie Death but such was her desire of life that neither the sharpness of the Pain nor the Apparency of the danger could deter her from the Operation so that presently sending for four eminent Chyrurgeons she desired them to go to work The Skin therefore and the adjoyning parts being opened with great torment we found the thin Gut fallen out and not only a little part of it broken but almost torn asunder quite a cross for hardly the breadth of a Straw held the two ends of the Gut together this was a certain Sign of Death for had the solution been small it might have been cured but of this there was no hope in the mean time the Gut was sowed together with a Silk Thread four times twisted and well wax'd and put up into the Belly after a small dilatation of the Peritonaeum and then Glisters proper Diet and all things requisite were prescribed the Patient complained of a great Pain about her Navel which we could not asswage by any Fomentations Bags or other Topics otherwise she was indifferent well eat with an Appetite neither were her Excrements amiss The fifth day after the operation the Pain about her Navel encreased and the next Night as the Patient was talking
Nostril we blew up the same Powder again and thrust up a peice of Chalk in the form of a Tent so big as to fill the whole Concavity of the Nostril which stopped the bleeding presently however to be sure we let the Chalk stay in three days and so for this time the Patient escaped a most threatning danger the next Year in Autunm the same bleeding took him again for the stopping of which after he had used a whole Day and a Night certain idle old Women's Remedies in vain when his strength was almost Exhausted he sent again for me and then with the same means of a Chalk Tent I presently stopped the Bleeding as I had done before but not long after his Liver being refrigerated and weakned through the loss of so much Blood being seiz'd at the same time with a Dropsy and an Asthma he ended his days ANNOTATIONS AN excessive Bleeding at the Nose when Symptomatical and not Critical in regard it occasions the Dropsie a Cachexy and other greivous Maladies is to be stopped with all the speed imaginable This is cured by revulsion of the Blood flowing to the Nostrils by repelling the Blood from the Nostrils by thickning the Blood and by shutting the opened Veins The best and suddainest way to draw back the Blood is by opening a Vein in the Arm on that side which is affected by which means Galen affirms that he has suddainly stopped violent Bleedings at the Nostrils Most Physitians believe a little Orifice is best and to take away the Blood in a small quantity and at several times But we are for a large Orifice that the Blood may freely spin forth which causes a swifter revulsion Cupping-glasses also are are prevalent Revulsives Thus Galen stopped a bleeding in a Young Man by applying a Cuping-glass to his Hypochondriums Forestus cured a desperate Bleeding at the Nose by Cupping-glasses applied to the foot which Experiment we have frequently try'd with success Cupping-glasses apply'd to the shoulders are not so well liked by many because they draw the Blood from the lower Parts to the upper Crato commends the painful bending of the little-finger on the side affected of the same Nature are Frictions and painful Ligatures of the Extream Parts and an Actual Cautery applied to the Soles of the Feet by which means Zacutus writes that he cured a most desperate bleeding at the Nose The Blood is repelled from the Nostrils with Vinegar cold Water or Oxymel applyed to the Temples and Neck or with Cataplasms of Bole sealed Earth Mastic Frankincense Vinegar Whites of Eggs and the like to which may be added Plantain Pimpernel and other astringent and cooling Herbs gathered fresh and bruised Snails with their Shells mixed with Frankincense and Vinegar and applied to the Forehead and Nostrils are much commended Riverius commends Parget kneaded with Vinegar and laid upon the Forehead and Nostrils about the thickness of two Fingers Others prefer Vinegar alone or Oxymel snuft up into the Nostrils or cold Water dashed unawares in the Face Actius commends the Steam of Vinegar pour'd upon a red hot Tile Says Pachequus being sent for to a Countryman who bled so excessively that he was just at Deaths door I dropt into the contrary Ear to the Nostril that bleed some drops of Vinegar of Roses and presently the Bleeding stopped This I learnt from Dr. Pontuado who saw this Remedy made use of by a Dutch Physitian Thickning of the Blood is performed by cooling astringent and thickning Medicaments taken inwardly and outwardly applied such are Oxymel and cold Water and the repelling Medicines already mentioned Thus Hildan by wrapping the whole Body of the Party in Linnen Cloaths dipped in Oxymel stopped a Bleeding of which the Cure was dispaired of The Veins are shut by astringent and glutinying Medicaments thrust up into the Nostrils Galen mixes Frankincense and Aloes reduced into Powder with the White of an Egg and with a Linnen Cloth first strewed with Hare's Hair put up into the Nostrils The Moss that grows upon dead Mens Skulls exposed to the Air powdered and put up any way into the Nostrils is accounted a most effectual and present Remedy For my part I have always found the Benefit of a round piece of Chalk Cotten dipt in Ink and thrust up into the Nostrils is a very good Remedy Hogs-dung if applied while warm or warmed with Bole-armoniac and Vinegar is accounted a Specific if applied to the Forehead and Temples smelt to or thrust up into the Nostrils by which means I knew a Noble German cured of a desperate Bleeding at the Nose Rodoric a Castro and Zacutus commend Asses-dung used in the same manner the Powder of Mans Blood dried and Snails burnt with the Shells and Frogs burnt and blown up into the Nostrils is by some no less esteemed Pereda tells us of his curing an old Woman that had bled for three days with only thrusting up Mint into her Nostrils The Juice of Nettles either taken inwardly or applied to the Nostrils or else Nettles bruifed and laid to the Forehead by a Specific Quality stop Bleeding Lastly Riverius applauds for a present Remedy Spikenard finely powdered and one dram given in Broth Plantain or other proper Liquor which not only by a Specific quality but by strengthening the Liver stops Blood OBSERVATION LXIV The French Pox. A Certain Captain about sixty Years of Age complained of a very dry Cough which had troubled him for two or three Months together with some difficulty of Breathing and a very great Pain in his Chest he had eaten very little in two Months his Stomack was so bad which had reduced him to a very low and weak condition though he did not keep his Bed his Head and Shoulders aked extreamely but cheifly in the Night he had a Pain in his Loins he made water very often but very little and when he had need he must do it presently for he could not hold his water sometimes his Urin was very sharp and pain'd him in passing through besides that it died his Shirt of a Safforn or reddish Colour more then this he had found himself impotent for a whole Year together By these Signs I judged him to be troubled with the French Disease more especially because he confess'd he had been a long time troubled with a Gonorrhea which an unskilful Chyrurgeon had stopped without any preceding Purgation which occasioned these Symptoms that every day increased He had also been pepper'd with the Distemper about ten Years before and was known to be a common frequenter of leud Company As for the inward Pain of his Chest and dry Cough I knew they proceeded from his immoderate taking Tobacco sometimes fifty and when he took least thirty Pipes a day First therefore I prescribed him a proper Diet and among other things enjoyned him to leave off his excessive taking Tobacco allowing him three or four Pipes a day for fear the total forsaking of an inveterate Custom might do him an injury
very proper in such cases â„ž Conserve of Roses â„¥ ij s. Rosemary Flowers â„¥ j. Lavender Flowers â„¥ s. Galangale Cubebs Xyloaloes an ℈ j. Aniseed Ê’s Cinnamon Ê’j Calamus Aromaticus Ê’ij Ginger condided â„¥ s. Pine Apples prepared Ê’vj Make these into an Electuary with Syrup of preserved Citron I restored a lost Appetite and a Stomach overwhelmed with Crudities by the use of this Powder â„ž Roots of Zedoary Galangale Calamus Aromat an Ê’j VVhite Ginger Ê’s Cinnamon ℈ ij Cremor Tartar Ê’ij Make a Powder the Dose Ê’s or ℈ ij in the Morning after Dinner and Supper in a Draught of generous VVine Monsieur de Spieck generally made use of this â„ž Root of Calam. Aromatic VVhite Ginger Galangale an Ê’j For a Powder But these kind of Stomachical Electuaries Powders Tablets c. every Physician ought to prescribe according to the Disposition of the Patient Horstius makes use of this Powder â„ž Coriander-seed prepared â„¥ j. s. Anise Fennel-seed an â„¥ s. Ginger Galangale an Ê’j s. Lignum Aloes Ê’s Cinnamon Ê’j Fine Sugar the weight of all the rest for a Powder OBSERVATION LXXIV The Stone RUtger Schorer a little Boy had a small Stone which fell down into his Bladder with extraordinary Pain but being afterwards expelled into the Passage of the Yard because it was too big to pass it stuck in the middle of the Pipe and stopped the Urine Several ways were tried in vain to get it out so that at length to add to the Pain there appeared an Inflammation of the Part by which we found that there was no way but Incision to get it forth Wherefore after the Chyrurgeon had pulled up the Skin somewhat toward the Glans he opened the Ureter on that side where the Stone stopped and took out the Stone and so the Wound was presently consolidated without any hurt to the Child ANNOTATIONS THis sort of Operation mentioned by Aetius Grumelenus and Paraeus seems difficult and dangerous but yet is very secure Plato also recites two Examples of Stones cut out of the Ureter And though some are afraid of a Fistula upon such a Wound yet I never knew any such Consequence OBSERVATION LXXV Nephritic Pain THE Son of Lieutenant St. George about eighteen years of age who had been always troubled with Gravel from his Infancy and had often voided little Stones in Ianuary was so tormented with a Stone that stuck in both Ureters that he knew not where to turn himself For Cure I prescribed him this Apozem â„ž Roots of Fennel Saxifrage an â„¥ s. Licorice scraped Ê’vj Herbs Althea Mallows an m. j. Cammomil Flowers m. j. s. Cleansed Barley â„¥ j. Seeds of wild Carrots Mallows Nettles Burdock an Ê’j Four greater Cold-seeds an Ê’j s. Fat Figs n o ix Dates xi New Milk Common VVater equal parts Biol them and make an Apozem to lbiij This being taken the same and the next day the Pain ceased after he had voided a small Stone and much Gravel The next Month he was troubled with the same Pains but then by taking the said Decoction the Stone was easily brought down through the Ureters into the Bladder but then when it came into the Yard it was so big it could not pass but obstructed the Urine with most cruel Torture which the Father not being able to bear there being no Chyrurgeon to be sent for with a Razor made a small Wound underneath the Urinary Passage where the Stone stuck which done the Stone spurted out and the Urine followed in great quantity The Wound was consolidated afterwards sooner than we imagined with the Application of a few Plaisters OBSERVATION LXXVI Milk in a Virgin 's Breast A Certain Noble young Lady about twenty years of age a Virgin of eminent Chastity in the Month of February complained of a Pain in her right Breast which was also full of Milk When I had diligently examined the place affected I felt a hardness in the middle of the Breast about the bigness of a Pidgeons-egg which pained her upon Compression I also understood from her self that her Purgations had been suppressed for four Months together In order to the Cure I prescribed her first a convenient attenuating Diet then after I had purged her Body I gave her some Apozems to move her Evacuations and three or four days before the time of the Period I opened a Vein in the Heal by which means the Evacuation succesfully ensued which having continued three or four days the Swelling in her Breast fell down nor did any more Milk come forth However in regard the Hardness remained with some Pain I laid this Oyntment spread upon Linnen upon the place affected shifting it once a day â„ž Honey Populeon Oyntment Virgins Wax an â„¥ j. first melt the Wax then mix the rest and stir them with a Spatula till they are cold This Topic very much abated and within four days the hardness came to Suppuration After the Apostem was broken and had cast forth much white Matter within a few days the same Topic cured her ANNOTATIONS CErtainly had not this Lady been a Person eminent for her Chastity she might easily have incurâ—…ed the Scandal of lost Virginity among the Vulgar For rational Physicians will not deny but that upon menstruous Obstructions Milk may sometimes be generated in the Breasts of Virgins For says Hippocrates if a Woman that neither is with Child nor ever brought forth has Milk that Woman labours under a Suppression of her Courses And I remember the same Case in a young Lady of Montfort whose Chastity was above the reach of Scandal who was cured upon the forcing down her Purgations To which purpose Bartholin thus writes Even in Virgins many times Milk may be generated if the Breasts are full of Sperituous Blood and that there happen withal a menstruous Suppression in regard the glandulous Substance concocts more than is necessary for the Nourishment of the VVoman But 't is no wonder that such things should happen in young Virgins that have their Flowers when it is known that the same thing happens to old Women For Bodin reports a Story of an Infant that sucking a dry old Woman upon the Death of her Mother at length drew Milk out of her Breasts and was nourished with it to sufficiency Nay I have seen Milk more than once milked out of the Breasts of Infants not above two years old which is also attested by Cardan and Camerarius But more wonderful it is that Milk should be generated in the Breasts of Men as Aristotle testifies of a certain Lemmian Slave and Abensina who saw Milk milked from the Breasts of a Woman enough to make a Cheese Several other Stories also there are in several other Authors of Men giving Milk too tedious to relate OBSERVATION LXXVII Epileptic Convulsions A Little Son of Iohn ab Udem an Infant of seven Months old was twitched with Epileptic Convulsions almost without intermission for two days together so that nothing but Death was expected
no other Remedies â„ž Sowre Leven lb s. Cantharides â„¥ j. Pulp of Figs â„¥ s. Andrew Laurentius recomends this Visicatory â„ž Old Leven â„¥ ij Cantharides Ê’ ij Seed of Mustard and Stavesacre an Ê’iij Beat them together with Strong Vinegar for a Vesicatory Iohn Matthew de Gradibus prepares another of the Seeds of Mustard and Nasturtium Pigeons-dung Decoction of Figs and Venegar which rubifies and raises Blisters which being broken and cleansed with the Decoction of Figs then lay on a Colewort Leaf warm and this he says extirpates the inveterate Pains of the Hips and the Gout Galen Aetius and Paulus prefer a Cataplasm of wild Cresses which raises Blisters and is accounted a peculiar Remedy for these Distempers Schenkeus tells us of a Sciatic who when all other Remedies failed of his own Head took Skins of Hemp macerated with Ashes and having boiled them in strong Vinegar laid them to the place affected as hot as he could endure them This raised several Blisters upon the Skin out of which flowed a great quantity of greenish yellow Water by which means his Pain left him Tagaultius celebrates this Emplaister of Galen and Avicen then which he says there can be none more effectual or that gives such present ease â„ž Mustard and Nettle-seeds Sulphur Froth of the Sea round Birthwort Bdelium an â„¥ j. old Oyl Wax an â„¥ ij For an Emplaister I have found that Emplaister which I prescribed to our Patient with Spainish Soap to have wrought wonderful effects I remember a Young Maid at Montfort miserably troubled with the Gout so that she could neither move Shoulders Arms nor Hips who was cured only with Emplaisters of Spanish Soap mollified in Wine and spread upon Leather which raised Blisters and drew out a great quantity of yellow greenish Water which restored her unexpectedly to her Health in a few weeks OBSERVATION LXXXIX A Wound with a Bullet A Citizen of Nimeghen the twentieth of May 1637. imprudently discharged his Pistol downward so that the Bullet rebounding from the Flint-stone-pavement of the Street hurt a Woman that was passing accidentally by The Bullet had entered the Cavity of her Breast about three Fingers from the Spine of the Back between the fifth and sixth Rib and entring the exteriour substance of the Lungs had made a great Wound in the fourth Rib in the side from the inner part so that the Rib was broken but the Bullet did not pass through but stook in the Cavity of the Breast not round but flat and oblong by hitting against the stone as appeared by the Wound unequal and bigger then usual the Woman was carried wounded home very little Blood Issued from the Wound but the next day with Coughing she threw up a good quantity the danger was great which I foresaw in regard that the Bullet lying upon the Diaphragma could no way be drawn forth out of the Cavity of the Breast as also for that Wounds in the Lungs are difficultly cured because of their continual motion especially when the Wound is made by a Bullet which cannot be done without a great contusion However the Chyrurgeon bound up the Wound and after I had gently purged her Body I prescribed her this Apozem to drink Morning and Evening â„ž Roots of Madder â„¥ j. Eryngos Fennel stone Parsley an â„¥ s. scraped Licorice Ê’vj Herbs Scabious Violet-leaves Coltsfoot Chervil Leaves of black Ribes or Garden Currants an M. j. greater Celandine M. ij four greater Cold-seeds Anise-seed an Ê’j Raisins of the Sun â„¥ ij Boyl them in Common-water q. s. to lbij. add Syrup of Licorice Poppy Rheas an â„¥ j. s. Mix them for an Apozem She complained of no pain but one where the Wound was and the place where her Rib was broken which pain went off upon laying on a Plaister of Oxycroceum and her Rib closed again The first six days she was very weak she eat little or nothing little or no Matter came out of her Wound she had no Fever or Cough or difficulty of Breathing and after the second day she spit forth nothing either of Blood or Matter out at her Mouth May twenty seventh being somewhat bound we gave her a loosening Draught which gave her two or three Stools May the thirtieth she was grevously tormented so that every Body thought she would have died but in the Evening of a suddain she coughed up a good quantity of white Matter with some Blood which gave her great ease and then she began to be better the Wound also closed against our Wills neither did any thing of Matter come forth from the Wound out of the hollowness of her Breast all the time of the Cure after she had voided this corruption for seven days she continued without a Cough The seventh of Iune with a slight Cough she spit up a small quantity of Corruption again and then the Cough ceased and the Patient grew stronger and stronger every day nor did she after that spit forth any more Matter or Blood but after the second Month being restored to her perfect Health went abroad again feeling no Inconvenience from so great a Wound afterwards for nine Years together nor did she feel the Leaden Bullet in her Breast only when she fetched her breath with a deep sigh she felt something heavy upon her Midrife ANNOTATIONS WIthout doubt the Bullet did not pass the middle of the Lungs nor touched the Bronchia or bigger Vessels but only slightly touched the substance of the Lungs in the outer side otherwise more terrible Symptoms would have ensued nor would the Cure have been so soon accnmplished which however was sufficiently to be admired when such a wound could not happen without a very great Contusion Now the great Wounds in the Lungs are incurable and slight Wounds difficult to be cured yet we are not to despair since very great Wounds in the Lungs have been often Cured I remember I knew a Victualer that lived near Leyden who in a scuffle with a Country-man was stabbed under the Pap of his right Breast with a broad Knife that past through the middle of his Lungs and went out behind under the Scapula Yet this Man reduced to meer Skin and Bones through the Exulceration of his Lungs two years afterwards being brought to Utrecht was perfectly cured by a Chyrurgeon with only vulnerary Decoctions However a great Paâ—…t of his Lungs was consumed by Suppuration which was easily perceived when he moved backward or forward for then his right Lung would strike against his Breast like the Clapper of a Bell. 'T was to be admired that such a Wound should be brought to a perfect Cicatrization yet this Man I saw ten years after without a Cough without any Malady sound and whole as ever I saw a Man in my Life In the year 1635. I had another sturdy Country-man in Cure who had received a Wound under the Pap of his left Breast with a broad Knife that entered as far as the middle of the Lungs Other Country-men
the Pain anoint the Fore-head Temples and Top of the Head with Martiate or Alabastrin Oyntment mixed with a sixth part of Oyl of Dill or a Cataplasm of Flowers of Cammomil Melilot and Dill adding a little Nutmeg and Saffron with as much of the Crum of White-bread and White-wine as is sufficient and lay it between two Linnen Rags to the Temples and Forehead but beware of all Narcotics XII For the Corroboration of the Head and the rest of the Bowels and Diminution of the Flegm External and Internal Medicaments are proper and a convenient Diet. â„ž Roots of Calamus Aromatic Elecâ—…m pane Fennel an â„¥ s. Galangale Ê’iij Herbs Betony Marjoram Rosemary Hyssop Baum Thyme an M. j. Sage Fowers of Cammomil Staechas an M. s. Seed of Fennel Aniâ—…e Caroways an Ê’s Iuniper-berries Ê’vj Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Common Water â—…nd Whiteâ—…ine equal Parts Boil them anâ—… make an Apozem to lb j. s. with which mix Syrup of Staechas â„¥ ij or iij. If after he has taken this there requires more Exsiccation still the same Simples may be boiled in a Decoction of 〈◊〉 Sassapeâ—…il or Sassafras which will make the Medicine more effectual Let him continue this Decoction for some time or if at length it prove distastful let him often take of this Conditement â„ž Specier Diambra ℈ iiij Aromatic Rosatum ℈ ij Ginger condited Conserve of Flowers of Sage and Rosemary an â„¥ s. Syrup of Staechas q. s. For a Conditment XIII And in regard that Topics are of great use to corroborate the Head and fetch down cold Humors therein remaining let him anoint his Temples and fore-part of the Head upon the Coronal Suture with this Liniment â„ž Oil of Nutmegs pressed Ê’j Oils of Thyme Rosemary Dill disâ—…illed an ℈ j. Mix them for a Liniment After this Anointing put upon the Head the following Quilt â„ž Leaves of Rosemary and Marjoram an Ê’s Flowers of Melilot Red Roses and Lavender an Ê’j Root of Florence Orrice Nutmegs Cloves Benjamin an ℈ j. Beat them into a gross Powder for a Quilt Let him wear this a Month or two upon is Head XIV Let the Patient keep a proper Diet live in an Air moderately hot Let his Food be Meats of good Juice hot and easie of Diâ—…estion seasoned with Rosemary Marjoram Stone-Parsly Sage Betony Hysop Pepper Ginger and other Spices His Drink small Wine or Mede or midling Ale Let him not sleep long and use moderate Exercise Let him keep his Body soluble Let him avoid Sadness Melancholy and sudden Frights and keep himself in an even Temper free from Passion HISTORY II. A Phrensie A Stout young Man of a Choleric Constitution abounding with Blood and living intemperately having drank over freely at a Merry meeting and thereby over-heated at length being affronted by one of the Company fell into a most violent Passion yet being hindred from his present Revenge and carried Home never slept all that Night but like a Mad-man ran about his Chamber talking of nothing but Brawls Fighting Wounds and Revenge and that with great Rage and many Follies intermixed The next Day he was absolutely mad and began to lay violent Hands upon the Servants so that he was forced to be held by lusty Men. The next Night he continued waking with an extraordinary Delirium and Fury picking Straws and the Bed-cloaths sometimes flying upon those that were in the Room His Eyes were red his Looks furious and wild he bawl'd and roar'd was very thirsty feverish and his Urine pale The third Day the Physicians were sent for I. THE continued and raging Delirium with his Waking shewed that the Brain of this Patient was distempered and the Fever was a Sign that his whole Body was out of order II. The Disease was an Inflamation of the Membranes of the Brain and thence a hot Distemper of the Brain and Spirits which caused the Fever and that the Commotion of his Mind which the Physicians call a Phrensie which is a raging and continued Delirium with a continued Fever arising from an Inflammation of the Membranes of the Brain III. The remote Cause was Intemperance in Diet which engendring a great quantity of choleric Blood in the Body occasioned the antecedent Cause Which choleric Blood being heated by excess of drinking Wine and carried in greater quantity to the Head and there powred into the Substance of the Membranes of the Brain constitutes the containing Cause of this Distemper which Disease this Simptom follows IV. For the hot Blood flowing over copiously into those Membranes and there putrifying inflamed them and part of that Putrefaction being communicated through the Veins to the Heart and thence expelled hotter through the Arteries to the whole Body kindles the Fever which causes the extraordinary Drought of the Gullet and Mouth V. This Inflammation of the Membranes infects with a hot Distemper the Brain it self and Spirits whose extream Heat Mobility and inordinate Motion deprave the principal Functions of the Brain and so breed a Delirium which proves raging and continued because of the extream and continued Heat and rapid Motion of the fervent Spirits VI. This Disease is dangerous for several Causes 1. Because the principal part is affected 2. Because continual Waking weakens the Patient 3. Because this Delirium is not accompanied with Laughter but with Raging 4. Because the Inflammation is thereby much augmented and fomented and the Choleric Matter which uses to dye the Urine is carried all to the Head and leaves the Urine pale Only there is some hopes of Cure because there is no decay of Strength or appearance of bad Simptoms as Convulsions loss of Speech Hickupings Gnashing of Teeth or the like and therefore Cure must not be delay'd till the Patient grow worse VII This Cure consists in taking away the antecedent and containing Cause and Correction of the ill temper of the Parts VIII The choleric Blood which flies to the Head is first to be evacuated drawn back derived and repelled And therefore after an emollient Glister given open a vein first in one Arm and take away ten or twelve ounces of Blood the next day in the other and the third day again if there be necessity in the Vein of the Fore-head IX To evacuate the choleric Humors give this Draught â„ž Rubarb the best Leaves of Senna an Ê’ij Rhenish Tartar Ê’iij Anise-seed ℈ j. Succory Water q. s. Make an Infusion then add to the Straining Elect. Diaprunum solutive Ê’iij Diagridion gr iij. Mix them for a Draught The next Days if he be bound let him be loosned with Glisters and the third or fourth day give him the foresaid Purge again X. Let his Temples and Fore-head be anointed twice or thrice a day with the following Liniment â„ž Populeon Oyntment Ê’vj Oyl of Poppy Ê’iij Mix them for a Limment After anointing apply the following Oxyrrhodine with rags luke warm to his Fore-head â„ž Oyl of Roses â„¥ ij Iuice of Lettice â„¥ iij. Iuice of Housleek Rose-water Vinegar of Roses
that slight sometimes moved her to Anger while the Choler boiled that was mixed with her Melancholly humors sometimes to sadness the Melancholly humors being moved and overcoming the Choleric and through that disorderly strife and Effervescency of the Choler with the Melancholy the whole Mass of Blood boiled which occasioned a slight Putrefaction which begot a slight disorderly Fever accompanied with the Head-ach caused by the sharp Choloric and Melancholy Vapors carried up together to the Head But at length that effervescency of Choler and Blood being vanquished by the abundance and quality of the Melancholy Humor the Fever went off and the Animal Spirits were heated also by the hot Melancholy humors predominant in the Body and the Head and set a boiling by the foregoing effervescency of the Choler and were so rapidly and disorderly moved that they caused a Delirium first more geâ—… while the Spirits were not so much heated and agitated then violent with Anger Immodesty and Rage by reason the sharp heat of the Animal Spirits was augmented so that being now too much attenuated and become more eager they are more rapidly moved and more disorderly and violently agitated IV. Now because not only the Animal but the Vital Spirits are possessed with that heat as also the whole Mass of the Blood hence it comes to pass that the whole Body becomes so heated that they are not cool'd by the Cold of the External Air but always re mains hot V. Yet there is no Fever because that violent fervor of the Blood and Spirits though it be great and sharp yet there is neither Putrefaction nor Inflammation because it consists more in Salt then Sulphury Particles VI. This Malady is difficult to Cure partly because the most noble Bowels are affected partly because the Cause lyes in a depraved obstinate and copious Humor Lastly because the Patient being Mad will not be rul'd nor suffer the administration of proper Medicines However the longer it is delay'd the more difficult the Cure will be VII The primary Indications relating to the Cure are these 1. To prepare and evacuate the Melancholly humor abounding in the Body and to extinguish the heat both of that as of the Blood and Spirits 2. To prevent the new generation of the same Humor and Fervor 3. To coroborate the Bowels especially the Heart Brain Liver and Spleen And this is to be done by Diet Chyrurgery and Pharmacy VIII The Chamber wherein the Patient lyes must be gloomy where he or she must be kept by strong Men or Women or else their Arms must be bound with broad Swaths that they may do no harm to themselves nor others They are to be visited by very few whose Company they loved in the time of Health They must be kept in a temperate Air. Their Diet must be moistning and moderately cooling rather moist then dry Their Drink Ptisans or small Ale They must be kept quiet with good words and provoked to sleep as much as may be and all Evacuations of Nature in both Sexes must proceed naturally while Art supplys the disorders of Nature IX Though the enraged Patient refuses all Medicaments yet fair words must be try'd and this draught obtruded instead of Drink â„ž Leaves of Senna â„¥ s. Anise-seed Ê’ j. Decoction of Barly q. s. infuse them according to Art then to the straining add Confect Hamech Ê’ iij. Extract of Hellebore ℈ j. Mix them for a draught X. After Purgation Blood-letting is requisite not once but often in the Hands Feet Forehead Arms and other convenient Places and a good quantity of Blood to be taken away according to the strength of the Patient And the Patient is to be well guarded from loosening the bindings of the Fillets after stopping the Blood XI Between every Blood-letting Purge the Patient then with a draught before mentioned or Powder of Dia-Senna or Confect Hamech alone Or if these be refused make use of Codiniac or Rob of red Currants to every Ounce of which add grains twenty four and of this mixture give six or seven drams as you find it works Or if the Party love Currants boil them in the Decoction of Senna-leaves or Roots of black Hellebore till they â—…row plump then take them out and let them dry in a place exposed to the Wind that they may not seem to have been boiled and give them to eat XII You may try either by fair words or by fraud to make her drink now and then in a day a draught of this Apozem â„ž Roots of Polypody of the Oak Succory an â„¥ j Rind of Caper-roots Tamarisch an â„¥ s. Herbs Dodder Venus-hair Lettice Dandelion with the whole Sorrel Ceterach Borage Bugloss an M. j. Cordial Flowers an one little handful Citron and Orange Peels an Ê’iij Fruit of Tamarinds â„¥ j. Common-water q. s. Boil them for an Apozem of lb j. s. If you steep in this Apozem Leaves of Senna â„¥ j. s. Root of Black HeleboreÊ’ ij Anise-seedÊ’ ij By that means it will become a Purging Apozem which if the Patient likes may be often administered XIII Let this Conditement be also offered upon occasion â„ž Conserve of Violets Pale Roses Rob of Red Currants Candied Citron-peel an Ê’ iij. Pulp of Tamarinds Ê’ vj. Syrup of Violets q. s. XIV Because such a Patient chiefly requires sleep toward Evening givâ—… an Amygdalate wherein put an Ounce of Syrup of Popies or a little more or three grains of Opiate Laudanum but this not above once or twice in a Week or one or two Heads in the boiling the aforesaid Apozem or by adding to the aforesaid Conditement one or two drams of Nicholas's Rest or by anointing the Temples and Forehead with Oyl of Popies or Populeon Oyntment But give not these Soporifics too often too long nor too strong XV. In the mean time the Hair being shaved off let the Head be fomented for an hour or two in the Morning with this Fomentation luke-warm â„ž Herbs Betony Vervain Marjoram Plantain an M j. Lettice M iiij Flowers of Roses Melilot Dill Camomil an M j. Hemp and Coriander-seed an â„¥ s. Common-water q. s. After Fomentation keep the Head well covered from the cold Air. But this Fomentation will not be proper before the Body be well purged and some Blood be taken away XVI When the Distemper begins to asswage it will not be amiss to clap alive Hen cut in two upon the Head or the Lungs of a new kill'd Sheep or Calf newly killed XVII Some applaud the clapping of Medicines to the Feet as also Pidgeons slit or Tenches slit or else Leaves of Coleworts and Rue with Sowre Ferment Salt and Vinegar and so bruised into the form of a Past and bound to the Soles of their Feet which if they do no good yet do no harm and therefore in this case may safely be made use of for the satisfaction of such as desire it HISTORY VI. Of the Disease call'd Coma both Somnulent and Wakeful A Person about forty Years of
and the taking of Tobacco is very Beneficial XI Decoctions of Guaiacum Sassafras and Sassaparil prepared with hot and drying Cephalics to provoke Sweat now and then are of great use XII This Quilt may be made for the Patient to lay upon his Head â„ž Leaves of Rosemary Marjarom Thime Flowers of Lavender an two small hand fuls Mastic Frankincense an Ê’ j. Cloves Nutmegs an ℈ j. For a Quilt To anoint the Temples and top of the Head which is every day to be done use this Liniment â„ž Oyls of Rosemary Amber Marjoram an ℈ j. Oyl of Nutmegs pressed ℈ ij Martiate Oyntment Ê’ ij XIII If notwithstanding all this the Catarrh continue make an Issue in one Arm or in the Neck XIV Let him keep in a moderately warm Air observe a good Diet roasted rather then boil'd condited with Spices and hot Cephalics avoid Radishes Mustard Garlic Onions which raise and fill the Head with Vapors His Drink must be sparing but strong moderate sleep and moderate Exercise HISTORY XVII Of an Opthalmy A Person about thirty Years of Age abounding with hot and Choleric Blood having heated himself the last Winter at an extraordinary compotation of strong Wine and then exposing himself in a bitter cold Night to the extremity of the weather presently felt a sharp pain in his Eyes with a burning heat the next day a very great redness appeared in the white of his Eye with a manifest swelling of the little Veins He could not endure the light so that he sat continually with his Eyes shut sharp Tears flowed from his Eyes which when he opened his sight appeared to be very dim I. HEre the Part affected was the Eye in which the annate Tunicle or the Conjunctive Tunicle was chiefly aggreived the other Parts of the Eye only by Accident II. This Disease the Physitians call an Opthalmy or Blear-eyedness which is an Inflammation of the annate or white Tunicle accompanied with redness heat pain and tears III. The Antecedent Cause of this Disease was an abundance of hot Blood through the whole Body which being violently stirred by the extraordinary heat caused by the Wine and suddainly detained by the Original Cause or the outward extream Cold and overflowing the conjunctive Tunicle constitutes the containing Cause IV. For the blood being moved more rapidly through the Arteries and Veins by reason of the extraordinary heat of the Wine was thickned of a suddain by the external Cold received into the Eye so that it could not pass so speedily through those little Veins as it was sent from the Heart which caus'd the Veins of the Tunicle to swell and distended the Tunicle it self and the stay of the Blood corrupting it and causing it to wax hot and sharp produced the Inflammation V. The Pain was occasioned partly by the distention of the Tunicle partly by the acrimony of the Humors corroding the Tunicle VI. He could not endure the Light partly because the Pain was exasperated by admission of the External Air partly because the Eyes being opened the Animal Spirits presently flow into it as they are determined for the benefit of seeing and distend the Eye which destension augments the Pain for the avoiding of which the Patient keeps his Eyes shut to avoid the distension of the Part. VII Now in regard the sight proceeds from the copious Influx of the Spirits into the Eye and because the Tunicle cannot endure that distension hence the Eyes being open the sight grows dim in regard that the fewer the Spirits are the duller the sight is VIII The Tears issue forth chiefly upon opening the Eye by reason that the Caruncle in the larger corner of the Eye that lies upon the hole in the Nose is twitched and contracted in each Eye by the neighbouring Inflammation especially if any injury of the Air accompany it and by reason of that painful contraction does not exactly cover the Lachrymal point so that the hole being loose and open the Tears flow forth in greater abundance And they are sharp by reason of the Salt mixt with the serous Humor and seem to be much sharper then they are by reason of the exquisite Sense of the Tunicle which is now already molested IX This Opthalmy threatens great danger to the Eye in regard that by reason of the Winter cold the discussion of the Humors flowing into the Annate Tunicle is the more difficult and the longer stay of it may hazard the Corrosion and Exulceration of the Annate and the Horny Tunicle and so produce a white Spot a Scar or some such blemish in the Sight X. In the Cure the antecedent Cause is to be removed as being that which nourishes the Containing and the Original Cause is to be removed that the Containing one may be the better discussed XI The Body is first to be Purged with one dram of Pill Cochiae or half an ounce of Diaprunum Electuary Solutive adding a few grains of Diagridium or else such a Draught â„ž Rhubarb Ê’ j. s. Leaves of Senna Ê’ iij. Tartar Ê’ j. Anise-seed Ê’ j. Decoction of Barley q. s. Infuse them and then add to the straining Solutive Diaprunum Electuary Ê’ iij. XII The Body being Purged open a Vein in the Arm and take away eight or ten ounces of Blood Then Purge again and if need be bleed again XIII To divert the Excrementitious Humors from the Brain to the Eyes Cupping-glasses may be applied to the Neck and Shoulders or a Vesicatory behind the Ears Which if they prove not sufficiently effectual make a Seaton in the Neck or apply an Actual or Potential Cautery to the Arm or Neck XIV To asswage the Pain drop into the Eye the Blood of the Wing-feathers plucked from Young Chickens or Womens Milk newly milked from the Breast or the Muscilage of the Seeds of Flea-wort and Quinces extracted with Rose-water or the Yolk of an Egg boiled to a hardness or else the following Cataplasm laid upon the Eye â„ž Pulp of an Apple roasted â„¥ j. s. Crum of new White-bread â„¥ iij. Saffron Powdred ℈ j. s. New Milk and Rose-water equal Parts Make them into a Cataplasm XV. The Pain being somewhat asswaged this Collyrium may be dropped into the Eye â„ž Sarcocol fed with Milk Ê’ j. Tragacanth Ê’ s. Muscilage of the Seed of Quinces q. s. XVI For discussion of the Humor contained in the Tunicle foment the Eye with a Spung dipt in the following Fomentation warm â„ž Herbs Althea Fennel Flowers of Camomil Melilot an M. j. Water q. s. boil them to eight ounces then add Rose-water â„¥ iij. XVII After Fomentation lay on the Cataplasm again or else drop the following Collyrium into the Eye â„ž Alloes washed in Fennel-water ℈ j. Sarcocol steeped in Milk Ê’ j. Saffron gr vij Eyebright and Fennel-water an â„¥ j. XVIII Let him keep in a temperate and clear Air free from Dust and Wind and Smoak let him avoid too much Light and wear a green pâ—…ece of Silk before his Eye His Diet must be sparing
℈ j. Diagridion gr iiij with Syrup of Stoechas Make up vij Pills XI To evacuate the Humor contained in the Ventricles of the Brain make use of this Errhine ℞ Iuice of Mercury Marjoram an ℥ s. of Beets ʒj s. Or else instead of this take the following Sternutory ℞ Roots of Pellitory White Hellebore Leaves of Marjoram an ℈ j. black Pepper gr v. For a Powder XII To strengthen the Head open the Pores and dissipate the cold Humor prepare this Quilt ℞ Leaves of Rosemary Marjoram Sage an M. s. Flowers of Lavender Melilot red Roses an one small Handful Nutmegs Cloves an ℈ j. Frankincense Mastich an ʒj Beat them into a gross Powder for a silken Cap. XIII Also lay this Plaister upon both Temples ℞ Frankincense Mastich an ℈ j. Sagapen Tacamahacca an ℈ j. s. Mix them and spread them upon black Silk Nor will it be amiss to make use of Conditements and Cephalic Apozems of Marjoram Rosemary Sage Betony Conserves of Anthos Sage c. Tobacco also taken in a Pipe is an excellent Remedy XIV Let the Patient also frequently wash his Mouth with this Decoction warm ℞ Root of sharp pointed Dock ℥ j. Male Piony ℥ s. Marjoram Sage Hyssop Thyme Betony Rosemary an M. j. Fennel and Aniseseed an ʒij Wine q. s. Boil them to lb j. XV. After he has washed his Mouth let him put into the Hollow of the Tooth with a little Cotton one Drop of Oyl of Basil or Cloves In extremity of Pain a little Spirit of Wine may be held in the Mouth to the Teeth affected But this is not to be done often for fear of hurting the Lungs XVI To divert the Humor apply a Vesicatory behind the Ear or in the Neck and keep it open for some time XVII These Remedies not availing in extremity of Pain give the Patient toward Evening three grains of Opiate Laudanum in a Pill or thirteen grains of the Mass of Cynogloss Pills or two or three Scruples of Philonium Romanum XVIII Let his Diet be condited with hot Cephalics avoiding all salt sharp and acid Diet that fill the Head with Vapors Let his Drink be small Let him sleep long exercise moderately and keep his Body open HISTORY XXIII Of those Tumors in the Mouth called Aphtae A Woman of about thirty years of Age was taken with a continued Fever accompanied with an extraordinary Faintness yet without any vehement Heat or great Thirst which in two days had brought her extreamly low Her Pulse beat slow and unequal Her Urine was like that of a Man in perfect Health So that she complained of no excessive Pain in any Part but of an extraordinary Weakness of her whole Body which was such that she could not sit upright in her Bed The fourth Day she perceived a Difficulty to Swallow so that her Drink would not go down her Throat and Gullet without Pain Trouble and Impediment At the same time her Palate Gums Tongue and Chaps were full of little white Pustles without number Her Taste was also so far gone that she relished nothing that she eat I. THis Woman was seized with a Malignant Fever accompanied with Aphtae which are certain Exulcerations in the upper part of the Mouth with an extraordinary Heat II. The Anteceding Cause were putrid Humors sharp and malignant contained in the Body which being attenuated by the feverish Heat and carried through the Arteries and occult Passages to the Mouth and causing an Exulceration therein constitute the next Cause III. That these Pustles proceed from a certain malignant putrid Humor is plain from the putrid malignant Fever preceding and joyned with them The Malignity of which appeared by the Faintness and Decay of Strength which the Patient endured whereas a Fever seems to shew no such manifest Causes of so much Weakness Then again that it was a flegmatic Humor appeared by the lesser Heat of the Fever and the whiteness of the Pustles IV. This Humor attenuated by the Fever and coming sharp to the Mouth exulcerated the inner rather than the other Parts as the Palate Tongue Gums c. because they are cloathed with only a thin and soft Pellicle which are easily exulcerated by sharp and putrid Humors whereas the former Parts more easily resist the Corruption V. Now because that Pellicle which covers the inner Parts of the Mouth extends it self through the Jaws and Gullet to the Stomach Hence also the Gullet was beset with the same Pustles which caused that Difficulty of Swallowing and painful going down of the Drink VI. Her Taste was lost because the inner Pellicle of the Mouth into which the Gustatory Nerves are inserted and by means of which the Taste happens was so full of those little Ulcers that the Gustable Objects could not come to it Besides that the Tongue being grieved by the Ulcers and infected with bad Humors could not well judge of Savors VII These Pustles are more a Sign than a Cause of danger For they indicate a malignant and dangerous Fever upon the Cure of which their Cure depends VIII The Body therefore being well purged and Blood being taken away and other convenient Remedies administred the Mouth of the Patient must be gargarized with this Decoction ℞ Barley cleansed Roots of Snakeweed Tormentil an ℥ s. Licorice sliced ʒiij Plantain Purslain Knot-grass Oak-leaves an M. j. Flowers of Mallows red Roses Pomegranates an M. s. Water q. s. Make a Decoction to lb j. Add Syrup of Mulberries and Dianucum an ℥ j. s. Mix them for a Gargle IX After she has well gargled her Mouth let her lick and wash the inside of her Mouth with this Syrup ℞ Syrup of Quinces sowre Pomegranates and dry Roses an ℥ j. X. If the Pain grow sharper let her hold new Milk in her Mouth or rather Whey and change it often Then let her lick Syrup of Quinces or dry Roses alone and rowl her Tongue about her Mouth especially when the Pustles are broken XI Let her Diet be refrigerating and such as resists Putrefaction her Drink small or else Ptisans and let her be sure to keep her Body soluble HISTORY II. Of the Aphtae Pustles AN Infant of two months old when the Mothers Milk failed was put to a Nurse of a choleric Temper but otherwise healthy and abounding with Blood and Milk After the Infant had suckt this Woman eight days it began to vomit up curdled Milk mixed with choleric and flegmatic Humors slept unquietly and voided much yellow and green Excrement At last the Mouth of it was full of white Pustles so that through Pain it could suck no longer though it seemed very desirous of the Breast In the mean time there was no manifest Fever nor alteration of the Pulse I. THE Cause of these Pustles was the Nurses serous hot and sharp Milk which the weak Stomach of the Infant could not well concoct but bred much Choler from which sharp Vapors ascending to the Mouth exulcerated the tender Pellicles of the Inner Part of
brought up a great quantity of tough and viscous Slime which sometimes tasted saltish he Cought very much after Meals insomuch that through the violent Agitation of his Stomach he brought up all he had eaten with a great Pain in his Breast and Abdomen After Vomiting his Cough ceased he never spit Blood he had no Fever however his Body fell away and his strength wasted yet not so but that he still went abroad about his business Somtimes he was very Loose His Appetite held indifferent good and he slept moderately well I. THE Lungs of this Person were chiefly affected then the Stomach and several other Parts of the Body suffered under the violent Agitation of the Cough II. This Malady is called Tusis or a Cough which is a violent forcing of the Breath caused by a swift Contraction of the Breast and Lungs whereby what is troublesome to the Instruments of Breathing is expelled by 〈◊〉 force of thein-breath'd Air. III. This Malady needs no signs to discover it IV. The anteceding Cause of this Distempet is a Cold and Flegmatic disposition of the Air contracted by bad Diet. The Original Cause was Heats and Colds violent and unseasonable Exercise The containing Cause is Flegm in the Lungs either by Defluction or Collection partly twiching them with its Acrimony partly obstructing the Bronchia with its great quantity V. Cold Diet and of hard digestion bred Crudities and many saltish Humors which for want of Concoction became Acrimonious The Brain was refrigerated by the cold â—…empestous Weather and the Pores of the outward Head obstructed so that the Flegmatic serous Vapors ascending from the lower Parts soon condensed in the Ventricles of the refrigerated Brain which not being able to pass through the obstructed Pores caused first a Pose Afterwards the fiercer Cold of Winter encreasing the quantity of those Humors they being debarr'd their usual Passages by reason of their thickness fell upon the Aspera Arteria and Gristles of the Lungs and hinder Rispiration and the Acrimony of those Humors farther molesting the Pellicle of the Aspera Arteria and Bronâ—…hia enforces those Parts to a violent Exclusion of the provoking Humors VI. This Cough had lasted long for want of care of Diet and taking Remedies whence a frequent defluxion of Catarhs to the Breast the Cold of which in time much refrigerated and weakned the Lungs so that Vapors rising from the lower Parts and stopping in the Lungs were easily condensed into a Viscous liquor that stopped up the Channels of the Lungs and stuck like Bird-lime to the sides of the Bronchia which caused that violence of Coughing to shake off that tenaoious Matter VII The Cough was longer and more vehement and threw off much more tenacious Flegm in regard the Flegmatic Humors that had been gathering together all day and night about the beginning of the day abounded in so great a quantiâ—…y that they could no longer be contained in the Head but falling down upon the Lungs and tickling the Bronchia not only with their Acrimony provoked the Cough but more plentifully filling the Bronchia contracted by the Vapors condensed within them and thence hindring Respiration irritated the Cough as being that by which Nature endeavoured to throw off the trouble VIII The Cough increased after Meals because the Vapors being raised by the swallowed Nourishment and endued with some Acrimony fell upon the Lungs and there condensed stick to the refrigerated Bronchia and tickling the sensible inner Tunicle both of them and the Aspera Arteria already prepared to ease Provacation by the former Humors exasperate the Cough through the violent Agitation whereof and Compression of the Muscles of the Abdomen the Stomach throws up all again upon which the Cough ceases for a time because there is nothing in the Stomach from whence any more sharp Vapors can ascend to the Lungs IX And by reason of the same violent Motion and over frequent distension of the Muscles some Pain is felt in the Breast and Abdomen And that Compression forcing the Meat and Drink unconcocted out of the Stomach causes a violent Loosness and dejection of the Nourishment X. There is no Fever because there is no Putrefaction of the Humor but the Body is emaciated and becomes very weak because the violent concussion of the Cough weakens all the Parts of the Body nor are they able to receive or retain the Alimentary Blood flowing through the Arteries sometimes loose sometimes compressed as they ought to do 2. Because that violent Agitation expells the Nourishment received before due Concoction by which means all the Parts of the Body are deprived of their due Nourishment and consequently must be very much weakned XI The appetite continues because the Stomach is in good order undisturbed by the Catarrhs the disturbance of its Concoction being only accidental XII He sleeps moderately because the Flegmatic humor falls not in the Night from the Head to the Breast besides that the rapid Motion of the Animal Spirits to the Organs of the Senses is for a while restrained by the Cold and Plenty of the Humors so that the Organs are at rest for a while for want of copious Spirits XIII Such a Cough as this threatens great danger by reason of the Saltness of the Catarrhs the Acrimony whereof in some Veins in the Lungs may be easily corroded and broken thence Spitting of Blood and Exulcerations Beside that the Cure is difficult by reason the cold ill Temper of the Brain and Lungs is of a long standing not easie to be removed XIV In the Method of the Cure 1. The vehemency of the Cough and the Acrimony of the Catarrhs is to be allay'd 2. The Teâ—…acity of the Spittle is to be attenuated concocted and brought to Maturation 3. The cold ill temper of the Lungs and Head is to be amended and the Parts to be Coroborated 4. The falling down of the Catarrhs to the Lungs is to be prevented XV. After Purgation with Chochiâ—… Pills or Golden Pills Electuary of Hiera Picra or Diaphâ—…con c. this Apozem is to be prescribed â„ž Roots of Elecampane Acorus Florence Orrice an â„¥ s. sliced Licorice Barley cleansed an â„¥ vj. Scabious Venus Hair White Hore-hound Betony Coltsfoot an M j. Oak of Jerusalem M. s. Iuniper-berrys â„¥ s. Seeds of Anise and Fennel an Ê’ ij Fat Figs No. ix Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Water q. s. Boil them to lb j s. Add to the straining Syrup of Stoechas Horehound Oxymel Pectoral Magistral an â„¥ j. Mix them for an Apozem To which you may afterwards add for the swifter Consumption of the Flegm Sassaperil Sassafras and China-root Also the Patient may make use of this Looch â„ž Syrup of Hyssop Horehound Oxymel Magistral an â„¥ j. Syrup of Stoechas â„¥ s. Instead of which he may now and then take one of these Tablets â„ž Powder of the Root of Elecampane ℈ j. Florence Orice ℈ ij Licorice Ê’ j. Saffron gr xiv Sugar dissolved in Fennel-water â„¥ ij XVI If
after all the Cough still remain give him this Bolus twice a week as he goes to Bed â„ž Philonium Romanum Nicholas's Rest Mithridate of Damocrates an ℈ j. Mix them for a Bolus At other times let him use his Apozenâ—… and Tablets XVII To corroborate his Head let him wear this Cap. â„ž Leaves of Marjoram Rosemary P ij Flowers of Red Roses and Lavender an P. j. Nutmeg Benjamin Cloves an ℈ ij Beat them into a gross Powder for a Quilt XVIII If after all this there be no abatement of the Catarrh and Cough then to divert and evacuate the flowing humour make an Issue in the Arm or rather in the Neck XIX Let him keep his Head and Breast warm against the Injuries of the cold and moist Air. Let his Diet be of easie Digestion and good Nourishment seasoned with Turneps Chervil Hyslop Marjoram Betony Baum Rice Barley cleansed Spices Raisins Sugar and such like Ingredients Let his drink be middling not stale Hydromel anchosated or sweet Wine moderately taken and let him avoid all acid sharp salt and sowre things Let him be moderate in his Sleep and Exercise and take care to keep his Body open HISTORY IV. Of an Asthma A Young Man thirty years of age of a strong Constitution but careless of his Diet and living a sedentary Life some years ago having overheated himself with Walking and presently opening his Breast and throwing aside his Cloaths fell a drinking cold Rhenish-Wine and presently was taken with a Difficulty of Breathing which made him pant and heave and the next day the Malady still increasing he was in such a Condition that the third Day he could not breath unless he stood upright so that for fourteen Days he could not lye in his Bed but was forced to sit or stand whole Days and Nights together but he was more troubled in the Night than Day time After a little Cough happening which brought up a good quantity of tough and viscous Flegm his difficulty of Breathing abated and he recovered his former Condition From that time forward he was often afflicted with the same Distemper by Intervals sometimes more sometimes fewer Days together more especially if he exposed himself to the Air when very hot or drank cold Rhenish and this he further observed that when the North-wind blew he was presently seized with this Distemper unless he had a great Care of himself and that rather in the Summer and Autumn than in the Winter During this Malady his Stomach was indifferent but he could hardly eat for narrowness of the Parts and after Meals his Difficulty of Breathing grew worse He had a great Inclination to Sleep but no sooner had he closed his Eyes but he waked with Terror and Faintness so that during the Fit he could not sleep for some Days and Nights together His Belly and Breast seemed to be distended by Wind sometimes he felt a heavy Pain in his Head with a Chilliness in the hinder Part toward the Neck And about this time he had another terrible Fit not without danger of Suffocation He had no Fever nor complained of any Pain in any other Parts of the Body I. THis Mans Distemper is an Asthma which is a difficult panting and heaving Respiration and it was indeed the highest degree of this Distemper which we call Orthophnaea which is an extraordinary Difficulty of Breathing in which the Patients cannot sleep but standing upright becuse of the Narrowness of the Respiratory Parts II. The antecedent Causes of this Distemper were flegmatic Humors abounding in the Body The Original Causes were Heat and Cold. The containing Cause is a tough and viscous Humor accumulated in the Bronchia of the Lungs and fastned to them III. The flegmatic Constitution of the whole Body causes a Redundancy of cold crude and flegmatic Humors therein Especially in those Parts which being cold of themselves are over-chill'd by some external Cause so that the Body being overheated by viblent Exercise the Blood and Humors are more swiftly moved and many Vapors excited in the lower Parts which by a sudden Cold are condensed and collected in the Brain in greater quantity But in regard the Bronchia are cold of themselves and more refrigerated by the Cold of the In-breath'd Air they fasten to them like a tough Bird-lime and contracting them cause difficulty of breathing To which the Access of a Defluxion from the Brain causes a greater Contraction consequently a greater Difficulty of breathing attended with Wheezing Nor can the Patient breath but standing upright the Lungs being pendulous are most easily dilated in that Posture and the Bronchia are more open in that Situation IV. The Distemper is still worse toward Night because the nocturnal Cold thickens the Flegmatic Humors and renders them more tenacious by which means they become more obstructive to the Bronchia V. At length when the tenacious Matter is abated and thrown off by coughing then the Obstruction of the Bronchia abates and the Difficulty of breathing ceases till the condensing and falling down of new Vapors VI. Which was plain because the North-wind was so hurtful to him the reason of which was because that Wind streightned the Pores condensed the Humors and Vapors and chill'd the Head and Lungs And because the Body is hotter and raises the Vapors more copious in the Summer therefore the sudden Chilliness of that Wind more suddenly condenses and fastens them to the colder Bronchia VII The Stomach of the Patient continued good because neither the inbreathed Air nor the Defluxions from the Head offended the Stomach But the Difficulty of breathing was worse after Meals by reason of the Vapors raised by the Concoction of the Stomach which ascending to the middle and upper Belly are condensed in both and in the one fasten themselves to the Bronchia VIII He cannot sleep because he is forced to satisfie the Necessity of Respiration in the Dilatation of the Breast which failing in Sleep and consequently Respiration he is waked with Terror and Faintness and compelled to wake that he may breath and to breath with violence that he may live IX The Belly and Breast seem to be distended by Wind though it be not Wind but the continual and copious Flux of the Animal Spirits for the Relief of the Lungs which distends the Respiratory Muscles which makes him think they are distended with Wind. X. The heavy Pain in his Head proceeds from the abundance of Cold Humors collected in his Head And thence that Chilliness in the hinder part of it XI There was no Fever in regard that neither the Blood nor Humors were corrupted Nor Pain in any other Part the sharp Humors being all got together in the Head and Lungs of this Patient XII This Disease is dangerous as threatning a Suffocation especially iâ—… a new Defluxion fall from the Head upon the Lungs during the Continuance of the Malady XIII In the Method of Cure to the containing Cause must be removed that obstructs the Lungs
2. The next things required are to hinder the Defluxions of Catarrhs to the Lungs 3. To reform the cold ill Temper of the Head and Lungs 4. To change the Flegmatic Disposition of the Body and abate the cold Humors abounding in the whole XIV In the first place let him take a common Glister or a Suppository Let him use a thin Diet and Sawce his Meat with Hyssop Sage Betony Saffron Anise Fennel Raisins and the like XV. Let him often take a Spoonful of this Syrrup ℞ Syrup of Hyssop Horehound Preserved Ginger and Roots of candied Elecampane an ℥ s. Compounded Magistral Oxymel ℥ j. Mix them Also in the Morning and about five a clock in the Afternoon let him take one dram of this Powder in a little Malmsey Wine Hydromel or Broth. ℞ Roots of Elecampane ʒj Root of Florence Orrice Seed of Bishops-weed an ʒj Benjamin Saffron an ℈ j. Musch gr j. White Sugar Candy ʒiij To which add Oyl of Anise drops iiij or v. XVI The Fit ceasing let him be purged once a Week with Cochiae or Golden Pills Hiera Picra or some Phlegmagog Infusion Blood-letting is not convenient XVII Upon other days let him use this Apozem ℞ Root of Elecampane Fennel an ℥ j. Acorus and Licorice sliced an ʒv Marjoram Scabious Venus Hair Hyssop white Horehound Savine an M. j. Iuniper Berry ℥ s. Anise and Fennel-seed an ʒij s. Raisins cleansed ℥ ij Water q. s. Boil them to lbj. Add to the Straining Magistral Oxymel Syrup of Stoechas Horehound an ℥ j. Mix them for an Apozem XVIII Also let him often take a small quantity of this Conditement ℞ Specier Dianthos Diambr an ʒj Root of Elecampane candied conserve of Flowers of Sage Anthos an ʒv Syrup of Elecampane q. s. Mix them for a Conditement XIX To evacuate the Flegm out of the whole Body Decoctions of Saffafrass and Sassaperil are very proper adding at the end some proper Cephalic and Pectoral Ingredients to corroborate the Head and Lungs Also let him wear a Cephalic Quilt upon his Head and lastly let him make an Issue in one Arm or in the Neck XX. If the Patient mend upon the use of these Medicins for removal of the farther Cause of this Mischief let him take every other day in a Morning a Draught of this medicated Wine ℞ Root of Elecampane dry ℥ s. Of Florence Hyssop Ialop an ʒj s. Hyssop white Horehound an M. s. Iuniper Berries ℥ s. Anise and Fennel-seed an ʒj s. white Agaric ℈ v. Lucid Aloes ℈ iiij Tye them up in a Bag and hang them in four or five pound of White-wine XXI For preservation let him use this Bolus twice a Week for three Weeks together ℞ Venice Turpentine ʒiij white Sugar ʒij Mix them for a Bolus to be swallowed in a Wafer moistned in Malmsey Wine XXII His Diet has been already prescribed His Drink must be small his Sleep and Exercise moderate and let him be sure to keep his Body soluble and regular HISTORY V. Of the Quinancy A Young Man about thirty years of Age fleshy strong and Plethoric having overheated himself with hard Labour and being very thirsty drank a large Draught of small Ale brought him out of a cold Cellar So that not able to endure the Coldness of the Drink in his Chaps he was forced to take the Pot from his Mouth Soon after he felt a certain Narrowness with a Burning in his Chaps and from thence some kind of Trouble in Breathing and Swallowing which still more and more increased After seven or eight hours a strong Fever seized him with a strong thick and unequal Pulse and the Difficulty of Breathing and Swallowing encreased to that degree that he could hardly breath either sitting or standing and his Drink presently flew back out at his Nostrils His Mouth was dry with an extraordinary Thrist which because he could not swallow no Drink could allay His Tongue looked of a dark Colour and being depressed with an Instrument in the hinder Part an intense Redness appeared but no remarkable Tumor was conspicuous because it lies in a lower Place The Frog-like Veins were thick and tumid His Speech so obstructed that he could hardly be heard Restless he tumbled and tossed and was mighty covetous of the cool Air Without there was no Swelling but an unusual Redness about the Region of the Chaps I. THis terrible Distemper is called Angina or the Quinancy Which is a Difficulty of Breathing and Swallowing proceeding from an Inflammation and Narrowness of the upper Parts of the Throat Larynx and Chaps and always accompanied with a continued Fever II. This is no bastard Quinancy Swelling of the Tonsilae with Redness caused by a Catarrh but a real Angina bred by a meer Inflammation III. The anteceding Cause of this Malady is Redundancy of Blood which being stirred by the original Causes and copiously collected in the Chaps and Muscles of the Larynx and there putrifying becomes the containing Cause But the original Causes were hard Labour and cold Drink the one exciting the Heat the other chilling too soon IV. For the Body and Heart being heated by hard Labour the Blood was rapidly moved by the strong and thick Pulsations of the Heart and swiftly pass'd through the Vessels but the Blood in the little Veins about the Chaps being thickned by the coldness of the cold Drink and the Roots and Orifices of the little Veins being likewise so streightned that the Blood sent continually from the Heart was not able to circulate through those Passages which caused a Detention of much Blood therein thence proceeded the hot Tumor which streigthned the Passages of Respiration and Swallowing and the Blood now no longer under the Regulation of the Heart became inflamed and putrified and part of it communicated to the Heart kindled a continued Fever about seven hours after when the Matter was sufficiently enflamed and the effervescency was become grievous to Nature V. The Fever made the Respiration more difficult because the boiling Blood required more Room and by that means encreased the Tumor and Narrowness of the Passages besides that the feverish Heat requires more Respiration VI. His dryness of Mouth and extream Thirst proceeded from the hot Vapors exhaling partly from the Inflamed Part next the Mouth partly from the Heart and lower Parts by reason of the Fever Nor can he swallow his Drink because the upper Part of the Ossophagus is so compressed and strengthened by the inflamed Tumor that nothing can pass that way so that the Drink is forced to find another Passage back through the Nostrils VII The Intense Redness that appears in the Chaps proceeds from the abundance of Blood in those Parts which being denied free Passage through the Frog-like Veins is the Cause that they are swell'd too VIII The Speech is disturb'd by reason of the Inflamation of the Muscles of the Larynx and Difficulty of Breathing IX There was no Tumor conspicuous without because the whole Inflamation lay
hid about the Larynx Ossophagus and Chaps nevertheless a certain Redness extended it self toward the outward Parts adjoyning to them X. This is an acute and dangerous Disease which must be either speedily cured or sudden Death ensues for that the Inflamation and Tumor increasing will cause a Suffocation The Fever augments the Danger for that the Patient being not able to swallow any thing the internal Heat cannot be quenched by Drink nor the Debility of the Body be repaired by Nourishment However there is some hopes because the Inflamation does not lye altogether hid in the Miscles of the Larynx but extends it self to the outward Parts where Topicks may be applied besides that the Redness promises an Eruption of the Inflamation towards the outward Parts to the great Benefit of the Patient XI In the Method of Cure it is requisite 1. To hinder the violence of the Blood flowing to the Parts affected 2. To discuss the Blood already collected therein 3. To promote Maturation 4. To prevent Suffocation by Chyrurgery XII The first thing therefore to be done is to let Blood freely in the Arm. And if once letting Blood will not suffice to open a Vein in the other Arm and a third time if need require Also to draw a good quantity of Blood from the Frog-veins XIII In the mean time the Body is to be kept open with emollient Glisters XIV Let the Patient make frequent use of this emollient and discussing Gargarism â„ž Sliced Licorite Ê’iij Two Turneps of an indifferent bigness Scabious Violet Leaves Mallows Mercury Beets an M. j. Flowers of Camomil pale Roses an M. s. Citron Peels â„¥ s. Water q. s. Boil them to lbj. s. Add to the Straining Syrup of Dianucum â„¥ ij Diamorum â„¥ j. Honey of Roses â„¥ s. Mix them for a Gargarism If the Tumor seem to tend to Suppuration add thereto Cleansed Barley Ê’j s. Leaves of Althea M. j. s. Figgs n o ix XV. Outwardly apply this Cataplasm â„ž Root of white Lillies Ê’j s. Leaves of Beets Mallows Mercury Althea Flowers of Camomil an M. j. Pale Roses M. s. Fengreek Meal â„¥ j. s. The inner Part of one Swallows Nest powdered Water q. s. Boil them into the Form of a Poultis to which add Oyl of Camomil â„¥ ij Mix them for a Cataplasm If there be any likelihood of Maturation add thereto Fat Figs n o vij or viij Meal of the Root of Althea Hemp-seed Pulp of Cassia Oyl of Lillies an â„¥ j. XVI So soon as the Patient is able to swallow purge him gently with an Infusion of Rhubarb Pulp of Cassia Syrup of Roses solutive or of Succory with Rheon XVII Then give him this Julep for Drink â„ž Decoction of Barley lbj. s. Syrup of Diamoron Dianucum and Violets an â„¥ j. Oyl of Sulphur a little to give it a Sharpness Mix them for a Iulep XVIII If the Imposthume break let the Patient holding his Head down spew out the purulent Matter and cleanse the Ulcer with a Gargarism of the Decoction of Barley sweetned with Sugar Honey or Syrup of Horehound or Hyssop of which Syrups a Looch may be made Afterwards let him use a Gargarism of Sanicle Plantain Egrimony Cypress Nuts red Roses c. sweetned with Syrup of dry Roses and Pomegranates XIX If while these things are made use of the Difficulty of breathing increase so that a Suffocation may be feared before the Matter can be discussed or brought to maturity the last Remedy is Laryngotomic or Incision of the Larynx concerning which consult Casserius in his Anatomical History of the Voice Aquapendens in his Treatise De Perforatione Asperae Arteriae and Sennertus's Institutions L. 5. P. 1. Sect. 2. C. 7. XX. When the Patient can swallow let his Diet be Cream of Barley Amygdalates thin Chicken and Mutton Broth boiled with Lettice Endive Purslain Sorrel Damask Prunes c. Let his Drink be small Ale refrigerating Juleps and Ptisans Keep his Body soluble and quiet HISTORY VI. Of a Peripneumony or Inflammation of the Lungs A Strong Young Man having overheated himself with drinking Wine after Mid-night drank a Pint of cold Water and so exposing himself to the cold nocturnal Air went home Presently he felt a Difficulty of Breathing which every moment encreased without any acute Pain in the Breast However he felt a troublesome Ponderosity in the middle of his Breast toward the Left-side He had a little Cough which after molested him and caused him to spit bloody and frothy Matter but not much He had a great Redness upon his Cheeks About three or four Hours after a strong and continued Fever seized him with an extraordinary Drought and Dryness of his Mouth His Pulse beat strong thick and unequal and his Head pain'd him extreamly and his Difficulty of Breathing encreased to that degree that he was almost suffocated I. THE chief Part here affected was the Lungs especially the left Lobe as appeared by the difficulty of breathing and the heaviness in the middle of the Breast toward the Left-side By consequence also the Heart and the whole Body II. This Disease is called Peripneumonia which is an Inflamation of the Lungs with a continued Fever difficulty of Respiration and a ponderous trouble in the Breast III. A Plethora is the antecedent Cause of the Disease The next Cause is greater Redundancy of Blood forced into the Substance of the Lungs then is able to circulate The original Cause was too much overheating and too suddain refrigeration IV. The Wine overheated the Body thence a strong and thick Pulsation of the Heart by which the Blood attenuated by the Heat was rapidly forced through the Arteries into the Parts but being refrigerated by the actual Coldness of the Water drank and the in-breath'd Air and not able to pass through the obstructed Passages of the Pulmonary Veins and Arteries begets that remarkable Swelling accompanied with an Inflamation partly through the Encrease of the Blood partly by reason of its Corruption and violent Effervescency V. Now the Bronchia or Gristles of the Lungs being compressed by this Tumor of the Lungs the Respiration becomes difficult and that Difficulty more and more encreases because every Pulse adds some Blood to the Tumid Part. VI. Then because the Lungs being swelled and distended must needs be more heavy thence that troublesome Ponderosity is perceived in the Breast especially toward the Left-side because the Inflamation possesses the sinister Lobe However there is no great or acute Pain because there are no large Nerves in the Substance of the Lungs which therefore have no quick Sence of feeling and as for the inner Tunicle of the Bronchia which most acutely feels it is hardly affected with this Distemper only the sharp Heat of the putrifying Blood somewhat tickling it and the thinner Particles of the Blood being squeezed into it provoke a little Cough accompanied with a little spitting of Blood VII The Cheeks are red by reason of the spirituous Blood boiling in the Lungs
the Cough Suppuration and an Ulcer followed the Corrosion whence the Purulent matter spit up which became still more and more as the Ulcer increased However as yet it has no ill smell because the Ulcer is not come to that degree of Putrefaction VI. the sleight Fever proceeded from the Humors putrifying about the Ulcer For the Blood forced from the right Ventricle of the Heart cannot but receive some infection from the putrified Humors about the Ulcer and carry it to the left Ventricle where it kindles that Fever which is but sleight because the Putrefaction is not great But continual for that every time the Heart dilates something of that Putrefaction falls into the left Ventricle VII The Nostrils are dry because the Flegmatic humors have found out other Passages to the Breast and none come to the Nostrils VIII The Patient is emaciated because the Blood is corrupted by the putrid Humors continually heated in the Heart and mingled with the Blood which is thereby made unfit for Nourishment and uncapable of Assimulation with the Parts IX The Appetite decays because the Stomach not being nourished with good Blood grows weak and breeds bad Humors besides that the continual and violent Agitation of the Cough destroys the natural Constitution of it so that it is not sensible of that Corosion which begets Hunger neither can it conveniently retain nor concoct the Nourishment received X. By what has been said it is apparent that the Disease is a Consumption the certain Signs of which are Bloody and purulent Spittle a soft and lingring Fever and a wasting of the whole Body XI This Disease is very dangerous 1. Because the Ulcer is in such a Bowel the use of which cannot be spared 2 Because it is in a Spungy part that is not easily consolidated 3. Because attended with a Fever that drys up the whole Body 4. Because there is a great wast and decay of strength 5. Because the Cure of the Ulcer requires rest whereas the Lungs are always in continual Motion 6. Because the Medicaments do not come to the Lungs with their full Vertue but through various Concoctions 7. Because a Fever and an Ulcer require different Remedies XII The Method of Cure requires 1. That the cold ill Temper of the Head be amended the generation of cold Humors and the defluctions of cold Humors and the Cough be prevented and allay'd 2. That the Ulcer be cured and the Fever be remov'd XIII First Therefore the defluction of the Catarrhs is to be diverted from the Breast by Issues in the Neck or Arm. The Head is to be corroborated the redounding cold Humors are to be dry'd up and the obstructed Pores to be opened To which purpose the Temples and Bregma are to be anointed Morning and Evening with Oyl of Rosemary Sage Amber Nutmegs c. Let him also wear a Quilted Cap stuft with Cephalics for some time ℞ Leaves of Marjoram and Rosemary an ʒ j. s. Flowers of Rosemary Lavender Melilot an ʒ j. Nutmegs ℈ ij Cloves Storax an ℈ j. Beat them into a gross Powder for a Quilt XIV The Belly is to be gently moved with Manna or Syrup of Roses Solutive XV. Then to facilitate Excretion of the Spittle with such Remedies as at the same time may heal the Ulcer ℞ Syrup of Venus-hair of Comfrey of dried Roses an ℥ j. Mix them for a Looch Or such kind of Trochischs ℞ Flower of Sulphur Powder of sliced Liconice an ʒ j. Root of Florence Orrice ℈ ij Haly's Powder against a Consumption ʒ iij. Benjamin Saffron an ℈ j. White Sugar ℥ v. With Rose-water q. s. Make them into a Past for Trochischs XVI If the Cough continue very violent add to the Looches a little white Syrup of Poppy Moreover to allay the Cough and recover strength let him frequently take of this Amygdalate ℞ Sweet Almonds blanched ℥ ij s. Four greater Cold Seeds an ʒ j. Seed of white Poppy ʒ iij. Barley water q. s. Make an Emulsion to lb j. To which add Syrup of Popies ʒ ij Sugar of Roses q. s. XVII Afterwards for the more speedy closing the Ulcer use this Conditement ℞ Haly's Powder against a Consumption ʒiij Old Conserve of Red Roses ℥ j. s. Syrup of Comfrey For a Conditement XVIII Let his Food be easie of Digestion and very nutritive as potched Eggs Veal Mutton and Chicken-Broath with cleansed Barley Raisins Rice Almonds Chervil Betony and such like Ingredients also Gellys of the same Flesh. Let him drink Goats Milk Morning and Evening warm from the Udder and not eat after it for some hours Let his Drink be Ptisans sweetned with Sugar of Roses Let him sleep long keep his Body quiet and his Belly solule HISTORY IX Of a Syncope A Man forty Years of Age of a Flegmatic Constitution after he had fed largly upon Lettice Cowcumbers Fruit Whey and such like Diet all the Summer long at length having lost his Stomach became very weak with a kind of sleepiness and numness and a Syncope which often returned if any thing troubled or affrighted him which Syncope held him sometimes half an hour sometimes longer with an extraordinary chillness of the extream parts and much cold Sweat so that the standers by thought him Dead Coming to himself he complained of a Faintness of his Heart and with an Inclination to Vomit voided at the Mouth a great quantity of Mucous Flegm no Fever nor any other Pain I. MAny Parts in this Patient were affected and many times the whole Body but the Fountains of the Disease were the Stomach and Heart whence all the rest proceeded II. The most urging Malady was a thick Syncope which is a very great and Headlong prostration of the Strength proceeding from want of heat and Vital Spirits III. Now that it was a Syncope and no Apoplexy is apparent from the Pulse and Respiration both which cease at the very beginning whereas at the beginning of an Apoplexy they continue for some time IV. The remote cause of this Syncope is disorderly Dyet crude and cold which weakens the Stomach that it cannot perfect Concoction and thence a vast quantity of viscous Flegm which adhering to the upper Orifice of the Stomack begets in that cold and moist Distemper which destroys the Stomach And because there is a great consent between the Stomach and the Heart by means of the Nerves of the sixth Conjugation inserted into the Orifices of the Heart and Pericardium hence the Heart becomes no less languid and fainting sometimes suffers a Syncope For that Flegmatic Blood affords very few Spirits for want of which the strength fails and sometimes is ruin'd altogether V. And not only the Animal but the Vital Actions fail for the Vital Spirits failing in the Heart the Animal fail also in the Brain And the Motion of the Heart failing the Motion of the Brain fails which renders the Body numb'd and sleepy though the Syncope be over VI. In this Syncope the Patient lies like a dead Man
they are well digested that vitious Ferment being Evacuated IX There is no Fever because no Putrefaction X. He is thoughtful and sad for that by reason of the acid Humors mixed with the Blood the many Animal Spirits are generated somewhat thicker in the Brain so that they do not pass so chearfully and orderly through the narrow Pores of the Brain which makes the Patient thoughtful and musingly Melancholly XI The Body is emaciated because the first Concoction is not well performed which infects the Blood with a Scorbutic quality that renders it more unapt for Nutrition XII This Disease is dangerous for fear of an absolute Atrophy and Consumption of the Natural strength XIII Therefore in the Cure let the Patient be Purged once in eight days with an Infusion of Senna Agaric c. adding thereto a little Electuar of Hiera Picra or Diaprunum or with Chochia Pills Extract of Catholicon Powder of Diaturbith and the like Blood-letting signifies little in this Case where there is no Fever XIV If his inclination to Vomit continue give him some such Vomitory â„ž Fresh Leaves of Asarabacca Ê’ iij s. Radish-water an â„¥ ij squeez out the Iuice then add Antinomiate Wine Ê’ iij. Oxymel of Squills â„¥ s. XV. Let him take three times a day some convenient Apozem like this that follows â„ž Roots of Tamarisch Capers Polypody of the Oak Elecampane an Ê’ vj. Germander M. j. s. Baum Betony Borage Dodder an M. j. Leaves of Lawrel Water Trefoyl an M. s. Orange-peels Ê’ vj. Anise and Fennel-seed an Ê’ j. s Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Water q. s. Make an Apozem to lb j. s. XVI Between whiles let him take a small quantity of this Conditement â„ž Roots of Elecampane Orange-peels Condited Conserve of Borage Baum Flowers of Sage an â„¥ s. Oyl of Anise drops xij Syrup of Elecampane q. s. XVII In a great distention of the Maw and Intestines with Faintness and Pain such a Bolus will be very proper â„ž Treacle Ê’ j. Crabs Eys prepared ℈ j. Oyl of Annise drops iiij Mix them for a Bolus XVIII Instead of his Apozem sometimes in a Morning fasting give him a Dose of this Powder in Ale or Broth. â„ž Crabs-Eyes prepared Ê’ ij Red Coral prepared Ê’ s. Amber prepared Ê’ s. Make a Powder to be divided into four Doses XIX Let his Diet be of good and easily digested Nourishment avoiding all dry'd smoak'd acid sowre rank and crude Victuals Let his Drink be sound stale Ale and small Wine but not acid Let him Sleep and Exercise moderately and evacuate duly and regularly AN INDEX OF MATTER Contained in the TREATISES OF THE Small-Pox Measles AND THE CURES and DISPUTATIONS following AGue Tertian 134 140 Ague Bastard 135 151 156 St. Anthonie's-fire Apoplexy 185 Appetite lost 113 Apthae 204 205 Arabian's Opinion of the Causes of the Small Pox. 4 An Asthma 44 216 The Author rejects the Opinions of all the Physicians concerning the Small-Pox 6 Avicins Opinion concerning the Causes of the Small-Pox 4 B. Bâ—…thing in the Small-Pox dangerous 37 Belly-bound 150 Blear ey'dness whether contagious 109 Bleeding at the Nose 52 116 200 Blindness 197 Bloodletting when to be admitted in the Small-Pox 13 34 Bloodshot Eyes 195 To break the Pox more speedily 19 b. Breath stinking 83 A Burning 64 Burstness of the Guts 86. With a Gangrene 122 C. Camphire debilitates Venery 79. a. b. A Canine Apetite 233 Carus 178 Catalepsis 179 A Catarrh Chimical dissolutions of little use 15 a. Chyrurgical Helps for the Small-Pox 12 Cinnamon water the use of it in the Small-Pox 35 Cholic 98 137 Coma a Disease so called 174 Ill consequences of catching of Cold in the Small-Pox 26 a. b. Concoction difficult 234 A Consumption 75 123 224 Convulsions Epileptic 133 Convulsion 189 Coverlets red contribute to expel the Small-Pox 15 A Cough 158. 214 Cupping-Glasses improper 13 Cure of the Measles 24. a D. Deafness 160 The Diagnostic Signs of the Small-pox 7 Diagnostic Signs of the Measles 23. b Diaphoretics for the Small-pox 14 Diarrhea 120 Duncan Liddel defends the Opinion of the Arabians 5 What Diâ—… convenient in the Small-pox 10 A Disentery 59 61 73 74 A Dysury 47 E. Emplasters hurtful 15 Empyema 212 Epilepsie 190 Epileptic Convulsions vid. Swoonings Epithemes hurtful 15 Evacuations monthly dangerous in the Small-Pox 32. a. b Expulsâ—…oes the several Sorts 14 External Parts how to cure 19. a. Exulcerations how to cure them 22. a. Eyes how to preserve 20 Eye-lid seized by the Small-Pox how to cure 37 Eye-lids closed by a Wound 46 F. Face swell'd with a Fall 142 Fever Malignant 69 70 72 Tertian Intermitting 115 Female Purgations suppressed 61. 80. 91 Fernelius of the Small-Pox 5 Figs the use of them in the Small-Pox 15. b The Vertues of them 16. a Fissure of the Skull 102 Fomentations hurtful 15 French-Pox 118 G. Gallic Fever 66 Gargles 19. b Gentilis of the Small-pox 5 Giddiness 181 A Gonorrhea 37 Gout in the Knee 97 Gouâ—… 154 H. Head-ach 80 103 128 163 Hickup 104 Several Histories of the Small-pox 25 26 27 28 29 c and Measles 38 Hoarsness 49 House-Swallows 13 A Hurt upon the Shin 78 The Hydrocephalus 208 Hypochondriachal Passion 235 Hysterical Suffocation 111 I. Imagination the Strength of it 29 Inflammation of the Lungs 41 221 Internal Bowels may be seized by the Small-Pox 27. a Internal Parts how to â—…re 15. b The Itch. 52 160 Itching in the Measles how to prevent 24. a K. Kidneys pain'd 95 Kings-Evil 143 L. Lethargy 176 What Lotions to be rejected 22. a M. Madness 173 Of the Measles in General 1 Of the Measles in Specie 23. a Melancholy 167. Hypochondriac 169 Mercurialis of the Small-pox 5 Milkie which the best for a Consumption 76. b Milk in a Virgins Breast 132 Mortification of the Legs and Thighs by Cold. 54 The Murr 200 201 N. Nature to be observed in the Cure of the Small-pox 28. a. b Nephritic Passion 63. Pains 125 132 The Night-Mare 183 Noise in the Ears 198 O. An Ophthalmy 108 194 Oyls hurtful 15 P. Pain extream under the Breast-bone 127 Palpitation of the Heart 228 Palsie 50 187 Perforation with a Bâ—…dkin dangerous 21. b Pestilential â—…ever 36 Pharmacutic Remedies 13 A Phrensie 165 Pin and Web. 195 Pitting to prevent 21. a Pits to take them away 22. b The Pleurisie 210 The Pose 200 201 Of the Small-pox in general 1 Of the Small-pox in specie 3 The Causes of the Small-pox 4 The preservative Physic. 9 The prognostic Signs of the Small-pox 8 Prognostic Signs of the Measles 23. b Purgatives whether proper or no. 13 Purging violent 82 Purples 24. a. b. 32 Q. Quick-silver good for the Worms 153 Quinancy 218 R. The Ranula 206 a Red Spots how to take them away 22. a Remedies not to be changed when truly applied 28. b S. Saffron the Use of it in the Small-pox 35 A Scald 46 Scars to prevent 21. a Sâ—…iatica 146 Scurvy 128. When first known 129
they could think of for the Cure of this Distemper but very few did any good at length there was a Remedy found out by certain Italian Physitians who came hither with the French Army by which afterwards great numbers were cured First they Purged the Patients with Rhubarb Then they took white Wax Ê’ j. s. or Ê’ ij and cut this very small into â„¥ iiij or v. of New Milk which they boil'd till the Wax was perfectly melted and then gave their Patients that Milk as hot as could be to drink for it must be taken very hot because of the Wax that else would thicken so that it could not be drank if the Lask did not stop the first time then they gave it a second and a third time But in regard there were a great number of Souldiers that lay sick of this Distemper there was such a vast quantity of white Wax consumed in a short time that the Apothecaries of Emeric were quite exhausted so that they were forced to send for it to other Places Now though Wax seldom is given to swallow yet it is no new thing For Diascorides writes that it is of great Efficacy to fill up wounds and is given in Broths to those that are troubled with Dysenteries Thus Valleriola speaks of a Dysenteric recovered by such a Remedy He cut an Apple hollow and filled it with Citrin coloured Wax and then covering it laid it in the Ashes to roast till the Wax was melted and mixed with the substance of the Apple and then gave it the Patient fasting to eat for some days together though he believes it better to roast and melt the said Wax in a Quince as being more astrictive and glutinous Quercetus prepares the same Remedy by cutting an Apple hollow and filling it with white Wax and Gum Arabic an Ê’ j. Solenander stuft a Turtle with an Ounce of white Wax and boyl'd it in Water and then gave both the Flesh and the Broth to be eaten with Bread Others prescribe a Young Pidgeon stuft and boiled after the same manner OBSERVATION XXIX A Dysentery MArcellus Bor a strong Man of about forty Years of Age was taken with a Dysentery of the same Nature The ninth of October I Purged him with Rhubarb then I gave him Juleps Conditements Powders cooling thickning and Astringent Apozems Sudorifics and other proper Medicaments in convenient manner and time so that the Patient being reduced to extremity of weakness I began to give him over not beleiving he could live two days in that condition but in regard he was very thirsty and called for cold Water I ordered in a desperate condition that he might have as much cold water as he would drink to the end that by drinking such a quantity of water the Morbific cause if it were possible might be washed off from the Guts and the Acrimony of it blunted by the force of the cold All that Night the Patient drank as much as he would of Well-water which at first past swiftly through his Guts and with wonderful griping flowed down to the lower parts afterwards not griping so much toward Morning the Pains of the Guts were almost ceased and the Stools less frequent about noon the Patient falling a sleep slept quietly for some hours before the Evening the Flux stopt and so the Patient refreshed with proper diet when every one thought he could not have lived was unexpectedly recovered from a most desperate Disease ANNOTATIONS COncerning the Drinking of cold Water in a Dysentery there are hardly any of the Modern Physitians that speak a word Yet it is a Remedy not improper in a Choleric Dysentery For it washes the Intestines with its moisture and frees them from all the filth of sharp Humors and cleanses the inner Ulcers By its coldness also it abates and dulls the Heat and Acrimony of the Choler and binds up the Exulcerations of the Intestines Nor was the Drinking of cold Water unknown to the Ancients in this Disease Therefore says Aetius at the beginning for drink use Rain-water but if there be no good Rain-water take Fountain-water Celsus also writes in these words If after several days tryal other Remedies will not prevail and the Disease is come to be of some continuance the drinking of cold Water binds the Ulcers In like manner Paulus and others of the Antients make mention of the drinking of cold Water in a terrible Dysentery Among the Moderns Amatus of Portugal was one that by his own report saw a Choleric Dysentery cured by the drinking of a great quantity of cold Water At other times it also happens that when the best Medicines avail nothing a plain ordinary Medicine has cured most desperate Dysenterys So by the Relation of Captains I have heard that when Breda was besieged by the Spaniards and that Dysenteries were very rife in the City nor any Remedy could be invented for this Distemper when all the known Remedies of the Physitians fail'd at length a new invention was found out by which many were cured A piece of Silk double dy'd of a deep Crimson colour comb'd into slender Threads and steep'd in Wine this taken in Wine with a dram or half a dram of Powder of the same Silk for some times infinite numbers have been cured by it I know a certain Dysenteric Person who was given over who upon eating a vast quantity of Medlars recovered beyond all expectation Another was freed by Man's Bones drank in red Wine of a Flux which was thought incurable Oyl of Olives taken alone or eaten with a White-bread Toast dipp'd in it many times works wonders Holler affirms that he was cured several times with the Juice of Ground-Ivy Forestus writes that he never found any thing more prevalent then the Dung of Dogs that only fed upon Bones given in Chalvbeate Milk And with this Medicine Fuchsius says that he cured above a hundred Dysenterics in one Year Riverius tells us of a Dysenteric that only used the Decoction of Pimpernel with Water and Butter and so was cured in three days Bruyernius writes thus of himself being troubled with a Dysentery We says he being terribly afflicted with a Dysentery lay given over by the Physitians for no Remedies were able to asswage or Cure the Disease At length by the Advice of an old Woman upon eating a great quantity of raw Services the next day I felt all my Pain almost abated And by this means my Belly being shut up and I as it were recalled from the dead and restored to my former Health experienced the saying of Gelsus to be true that Rashness does more in Diseases than Prudence can do OBSERVATION XXX A Consumption LEwis Gulielm a Sea-man about thirty four Years of Age and indifferently robust had sometimes before lain Sick of a Malignant Fever of which by the Assistance of God I had cured him In the Month of October about a Month after the cure of the said Fever he was taken with an Extraordinary Catarrh occasioned by