rubbe theyr eies agaynst fenell to clere theyr syght Farther note that fenell digesteth slowly and norisheth yll and lyttell and therfore hit is vsed as a medicine and nat as meate Wherfore hit oughte nat to be vsed in the regiment of helthe but to expelle the vnholsomenes of other meates As we vse some time to eate persly with lettis to resiste the coldnes and humidite of the lettis so lyke wyse fenell may be sodde with gourdes and rapis to withstande the vnholsomenes of them Emendat visum stomachum confortat anisum Copia dulcoris anisi sit melioris Here thauctour openethe .ij. vtilites of dyll Fyrste dyll comforteth the syghte and secondlye the stomake by reason that hit mundifieth the stomake and heteth hit and eke for the same reason hit comforteth the syghte Most hurfull for the syghte for nothynge hurtethe the sight more than vnclenes of the stomake For from the vncleane stomake ascende vncleane vapours that hurte the eies in troublyÌ„ge the sighty spiritis These are the .ij. ê“pretes of doulce dylle And besyde these Auicen .ii. can ca. de aniso Auicen rehersethe many other profites of dylle sayenge that hit aswagethe dolours breaketh wynde quencheth thyrst caused of salte moystnes hit openethe opilations of the lyuer and splene engendred of humidites and lyke wise of the raynes bladder and matrice hit prouoketh vrine and menstruous flixe hit clenseth the matrice from white humidites stereth to carnall luste Si cruor emanat spodium sumptum cito sanat Here thauctour puttethe one coÌ„modite of spodiuÌ„ and that is that spodium taken healeth the blodye flixe by reason that of hit owne vertue hit coÌ„fortethe the lyuer and so the lyuer fortified whiche is the originall fountayne of bludde the blud is there better reteyned Auicen .ii. can ca. de spodio And Auicen saythe that spodium is the rootes of redes burned And hit is sayde that these rotes moued by the wynde and rubbyÌ„ge them selfe to gether burne one a nother Yet Symon the Ianway sayth that spodium is a thyng whose begynnynge is vnknowen vnto vs hit semeth to be a thynge brente and diuisions of redes burned And hit dothe nat onelye helpe the bluddye flyxe but also the laske and spuynge as Rasis saythe Hit helpeth also a sharpe ague and is comfortable agaynst the shakynge therof and for ouer moche auoydynge of coler hit helpeth the stomake as Auicen sayth And as spodium dothe helpe and coÌ„forte the lyuer so there be other medicines that haue lyke aspecte and lyke proprete to comforte other speciall membres as mace the harte muske the brayne lykeres the lyghtes caper the splene and galyngale the stomake as appereth by these verses Gaudet eparspodio mace cor cerebrum quoque musco Pulmoliquiricia splen epar stomachusque galanda Vas condimenti preponi debet edenti Sal virtus refugat non spaciumque saporat Nam sapit esca male que datur absque sale Vrunt persalsa visum spermaque minorant Et generant scabiem prurâ—tum siue vigorem This texte openeth .iij. thynges Fyrste he puttethe a generall doctrine obserued euerye where that before all other thynges salte muste be sette vpon the table as the vulgare verses teache vs Sal primo poni debet primoque reponi Omniâ— mensa male ê‘onitur absque sale Secondlye he touchethe .ij. holsome thynges of salte Fyrst that salte resisteth venome for .ij. causes Fyrst for that salte is a drier and so with hit drines drieth vp the humidites that wolde corrupt An other cause is that salte drieth and supresseth the humidites drawynge them out of the body and so shutteth the poores and consequently stoppeth the entrance of venome whiche is wonte to entre by the poores The .ij. holsome thynge is salte maketh mans meate sauorie For coÌ„monlye we se no meatis sauorie without salte as saythe the thyrde verse Thyrdly the auctour openeth .iiij. incoÌ„ueniences of salte or meates to moche salted Fyrste very salte meates marre the syght for .ij. causes The fyrst is that salte thynges drie ouer moche whiche is contrarie to the eies the instrumentis of syghte for the eies are of the nature of water 〈◊〉 in de sensu seÌ„â— as the philosopher saith The .ij. cause is for that meates verye salte engendre ytche nyppynge in maner as is afore sayde Of mordicatiue meatis beynge in the stomake fumes mordicatiue are lyfted vp whiche by theyr nyppynge hurte the eies and make them verye redde And therfore we se that they that make salte haue coÌ„moÌ„ly redde eies The .ij. hurte is that very salte meates diminishe the sede of generation by reason that verye salte meatis drie ryghte moche all the humidites of the bodye wherbye also the sede of generation is dried and so lessed The .iij. hurte is it engendreth the scabbe by reason that salte engeÌ„dreth a sharpe bytynge humour aduâ—t whiche causeth the scabbe The .iiij. hurte is hit augmenteth ytche by reason hit engendrethe a mordicatiue ytchynge humour And these .iiij. hurtis Rasis remembreth speakyÌ„ge of salte thus Farther hit burneth theyr blud that take great quantite therof hit febleth theyr syght minisheth the sede of generation and engeÌ„dreth ytche scabbe â–ª and besydes these hurtis very salte meate engendreth rynge wormes drie scurfes morphewe lepre in them that be disposed there vnto sleathe the passage that the vrine ronnethe whan they are longe continued yet whan hit is a lyttell poudred hit taketh awaye lothynge and maketh one to haue a good appetite Hi feruore vigent tres salsus amarus acutus Alget acetosus sic stipans ponticus atque Vnctus et insipidus dulcis dat temperamentum Here are put the qualites of all sauerines Fyrst he saythe that these .iij. sauerinessis or relishes salte bytter and sharpe heate the body that receiueth them Secondly he saythe that these .iij. sauerinessis terte stipticall and ponticke coole Thyrdly he sayth that these .iij. relishes vnctuous vnsauery and swete are temperate they make the bodye neither hotter nor colder Farther after AuiceÌ„ there be viiâ— talages or sauerinesses that folowe vnsauerynes and they be swete bytter Auicen .ii. can tract i. cap. iii. sharpe terte pontike stiptike vnctuous and to nombre vnsauerynes for sauerynes as the texte doth there be .ix. and than sauerynes is taken for euery thynge iuged by the tast And amoÌ„ge these talages there be .iij. hotte as sayth the texte salt bytter and sharpe and as Auicen sayth the sharpe is the hotter and nexte is salte and than bytter for as moche as sharpe is stronger to resolue incidentis and scoure than bytter And than salte is like bytter broken to gether with colde humidite And of these talages iiâ— be colde eger stiptike pontike But pontike is colder thaÌ„ the other and nexte is stiptike and than eger And therfore all frutes that come to any swetenes haue fyrste a talage pontike of a vehement coldnes and after that by digestiue heate of the sonne the
grayne is altered so is the coÌ„plexion of the ale Hit that is made of barly inclineth more to colde for barlye is colde Hit that is made of barly and ootis stoppethe lesse and lesse engendreth ventosites and lesse nourisheth And ale made of wheate malte inclineth more to hete nouryshethe more and stoppethe more And the grosser the ale is the worse hit is the subtiler the better Farther ale made of thynges that maketh one dronke is worste as of darnell For this grayne specially engendreth heed ache and hurteth the senowes Farther in the texte are .v. propretes of vineger The fyrste is hit driethe For Auicen sayth hit is a stronge drier Auicen .ii. can ca. de aceto Auic iii. i in ca. vnico doct v. And therfore phisitians bydde in tyme of pestilence to vse hit with meate and drinke For Auicen sayth he that vseth vineger in his meate and drinke in pestileÌ„ce tyme nedeth nat to drede the sickenes The .ij. is that vineger of it owne ê“prete coleth Thyrdly hit maketh one leane by reason that hit driethe And this is for a very trouth if one take it fastyÌ„g as Auicen sayth Yet neuer the lesse Auic iii. i doct iiii cap. v. coÌ„tinuall vse of vineger specially fastynge causeth many incoÌ„uenieÌ„ces it febleth the syght hurteth the breast causethe the cough hit hurtethe the stomake and lyuer and vehemeÌ„tly oppresseth the senowes and ioyntes them vexynge with arteticall grefes tremblynge and shakinge Fourthly vineger engendreth melancoly by reason it cooleth drieth Fyftely vineger diminisheth the sede of generatioÌ„ for that hit coolethe driethe and makethe leane These ê“pretes Rasis putteth sayenge Vineger is colde and drie whiche maketh leane distroieth the strengthes diminisheth the sede of generatioÌ„ enforceth blacke coler weaketh ruddye sanguine coler and makethe the meate subtile that hit is myngled with In the last verse the auctour putteth .iij. thynges Fyrste that vineger hurtethe leane folkes by reason hit drieth and hit tartnes maketh hit drie the more For lyke ioyned to lyke maketh the one more furious And eke eueri decaide complexion is holpe by the contrarye and by the like is brought in worse case Secondly vineger hurteth the senowes thirdly hit maketh leane as is before fayde Rapa iuuat stomachum nouit producere ventum Prouocat vrinam faciet quoque dente ruinam Si male cocta datur hinc tortio tunc generatur Here are declared .iij. vtilites of rapes teÌ„perately sodde and one incoÌ„uenience of the same Fyrst rapis comforte the stomake for the stomake digesteth them well and is nat greued there with Secondly rapes breake wynde as apperethe by experience Thyrdly rapes prouoketh the vrine Yet besydes these propretes Auerrois sayth rapes greatlye coÌ„forte the syghte The hurte of rapes is the continuall eatynge of them hurtethe the tethe In the laste verse he sayth rapis cause throwes or gnawyng in the bealy by reason they multiplie ventosites as sayth this verse Ventum sepe rapis si tu vis viuere rapis The tayles of rapis leusethe the bealye Farther more note that of all rootis rapis do best norishe mans body as appereth by the swetenes founde in theyr sauour For all swete meates nouryshe more the body than sower bytter or terte Therfore by cause rapes be sweteste of all rootes lesse sharpe they be moste holsome in waye of meate but yet they engendre grosse melancoly bloudde if they be nat well digested And hit is good to purifie them from the fyrst water and in no wyse to eate them rawe They stere one to bodily lust and clense the wayes that the vrine ronneth Egeritur tarde cor digeritur quoque dure Similiter stomachus melior sit in extremitates Reddit lingua bonum nutrimentum medicine Digeritur facile pulmo cito labitur ipse Eâ—t melius cerebrum gallinarum reliquorum In this passage are noted .v. thynges The first is that the harâ—e of beastis is slowelye digested by reason the harte fleshe is melaÌ„colious whiche is hardly digested and slowly descendeth and as Auicen sayth is vnholsome fleshe Auicen .ii. can ca. dâ— nuce and as Rasis saythe hit nourisheth lyttell The .ij. is that the mawe lyke wyse is yll of digestion and slowe of discendynge by reason hit is a senowye membre and gristly wherfore it digesteth yll engeÌ„dreth yll blud Farther the texte saith that the extreme partis of the mawe as the bottum and brymme are better digested by reason that those ê‘tis are more fleshie and fatte The thyrde is that the toÌ„ge is of good nouryshement and that is touchynge the rote 〈◊〉 can 〈◊〉 cap. de 〈◊〉 â–ª as Auicen sayth by reason hit is fleshie and of easye digestion And amonge all other a rosted pygges tonge the skynne scraped of is lyke braune as princis karuers knowe A netis toÌ„ge by reason of hit moystnes is nat verye holsome But for al this these delicate felowes or they rost a netis tonge they stoppe hit with cloues where by the moystnes is diminished and the meate is apter to eate The .iiij. is that the lyghtis are easye of digestion and easye to be voided out and this is by reason of theyr naturall softenes Yet theyr norishemeÌ„t is vnholsome for mans nature for hit is lyttell and flematike as Auicen saythe And here is to be noted Auic can 〈◊〉 cap. de puâ—mone that thoughe the lyghtis of a tuppe be vnholsome to eate yet hit is medicinable for a kybed or a sore he le if it be layde hotte there vnto as Auicen saythe The .v. is that a hennes brayne is best Auicenna 〈◊〉 anone whiche as Auicen sayth stancheth bledynge at the nose Hit must be eaten either with salte or spices for of hit selfe hit ê“uoketh one to vomite And phisitians say that chickyns braynes augment the memorie The brayne of a hogge is vnholsome for man but the brayne of a shepe of a hare or a cony may be eaten with salte or spices And of the brayne we haue more largely spoken before at Nutrit impinguat c. Semen feniculi fugat spiraculi culi Here is declared one doctrine of fenell sede called maratrum whiche breaketh wynde Eatyng of fenel sede by reason hit is hotte and drie And here is to be noted that by eatynge of fenell sede as phisitians say are engeÌ„dred .iiij. coÌ„modites Fyrste hit is holsome for the ague Secondly hit auoydeth poyson Thyrdly hit clenseth the stomake Fourthly hit sharpethe the syghte These foure vtilites are rehersed in these .ij. verses Bis duo dat maratrum febres fugat atque venenum Et purgat stomachum lumen quoque reddit acutum And eke Auicen rehersethe these .iiij. propretes Auicen .ii. can ca. de feniculo And as touchynge the last of the .iiij. he saythe as folowethe Democritus demed that venomous wormes desire newe fenell sede to coÌ„forte sharpe their syght and serpentis after wynter issuynge out of theyr caues do
that comethe from the purse of the galle to the guttis Vnnatural coler is double For one is vnnaturall throughe outwarde cause myngled there with The other is vnnaturall throughe a cause in it selfe for the substance therof is nat naturall Coler vnnaturall throughe an outwarde cause is an other knowen and famous And hit is that that fleme is myngled with And it is called famous or notable by reason hit is ofte engeÌ„dred And of this kynde of coler cometh the thyrde wel knowen There is an other that is lesse famous and that is hit wherwith melancoly is myngled Famous coler is either citrine and engendred by mynglynge of subtile fleme with naturall coler orels hit is yolkye lyke to yolkes of egges and is engeÌ„dred by mynglynge of grosse fleme with natural coler Coler of lesse fame is caused .ij. ways One is whan the coler is burned in hit selfe and turned to ashes from whiche the subtile parte of the coler is nat seperated but myngled therwith And this coler is the worste An other is whan melancoly cometh from without and mynglethe hit with the coler And this coler is better than other and is ruddye in colour hit is nat clere nor flowynge but more lyke to veyne bludde This vnnaturall coler hauynge his owne propre substaÌ„ce without mynglynge of any other humour is ofte engendred in the lyuer by reason that the subtilnes of the bloud burneth hit selfe and tourneth in to coler and grossely in to melancoly An other coler there is engendred in the stomake of yll meatis nat digested but corrupted orels it is engendred in the veynes by other humours And of this coler be .ij. kyndes For one is called coler prassiue lyke the colour of the herbe called prassion whiche is engendred of the yolkynes whan hit is burned for the burnyÌ„g causeth a yolky blackenes iÌ„ the coler whiche myngled with coler citrine engeÌ„dreth a grene coler The other is called rusty coler lyke to rusty iron it is engendred of passiue whaÌ„ prassiue is burned only tyl the humidite ther of be dried away and through hit drines begynneth to waxe white And these .ij. last colers be yll and venomous and yet rusty is the worse Lyke wyse there be .ij. kyndes of melancolye naturall and vnnaturall The naturall is the dreggis and suê‘fluite of good bloud whose talage is betwene swete and pontike And this melancoly whan hit is engendred in the lyuer is parted in .ij. partis Of whiche one entreth with the bloud and there with remayneth in the veynes The other is conueyed to the splene The fyrste parte entreth with the bloud for necessite and profite Hit is nedefull that it myngle with the bloud to norishe the melancoly colde and drie membres as the bones The vtilite is to make thycke the thynne bloud to stynte the suê‘fluous runnynge therof to make it stronge and to strengthe these membres in to whiche hit muste be conuerted The other parte that nedeth no bloud gothe to the splene both for necessite and profite The necessite is double one vniuersall throughe out the bodye to purge hit of melaÌ„colious superfluite The other is but ê‘ticular only to gouerne the splene This melaÌ„coly is also profitable for mans body for hit runnethe to the mouthe of the stomake straynynge out the humidites that hit fyndeth there as a woman straynynge a cowes dugges drawethe out the mylke This vtilite is double Fyrst hit constrayneth thycketh and comforteth the stomake Secondly by reason it moueth the mouthe of the stomake through hit egernes hit maketh one haue an appetite and lust to meate Vnnaturall melaÌ„coly is as a thynge burned or ashes in respecte of other humours Of this there are .iiij. famous kyndes though there be many nat famous The fyrst is ashes of coler and this is bytter The .ij. is ashes of fleme and if the fleme that is burned were very subtile and wattrishe than the melancoly therof engendred wyll be salte in talage But if the fleme be grosse that is burned than the ashes therof or the melancoly of hit engendred enclyneth to sowernes or pontiâ—ite The .iij. is ashes of bloud and this melancolye is laste a lyttell drawynge to swetenes The .iiij. is ashes of naturall melaÌ„coly And if natural melancoly wherof so it be be subtile thaÌ„ it will be very sower And whaÌ„ hit is caste out vpon the grounde hit boyleth and sauoureth of the aire and causeth both flies and beastis to voide the place But if the naturall melancoly be grosse the vnnaturall therof ingeÌ„dred shall nat be so sower Natuta pingues isti sunt atque locantes Semper rumores cupiunt audiâ—e frequentes Hos venus et Bacchus delectant fercula risus Et facit hos hytares et dulcia verba loquentes Omnibus hi studiis abiles sunt et magis apti Qualibet ex causa nec hos leuiter mouet ira Largus amans hylaris ridens rubeique coloris Cantans carnosus satis audax atque benignus Sanguine folkes This texte techeth vs to knowe sanguine folkes Fyrst a sanguine persone is naturally fatte But we may nat vnderstande that sanguine folkes be proprely fatte for that is a token of a colde complexion AuiceÌ„ ii.i doct iii. cap. iii. as saythe Auicen But they be fatte and fleshye with all for fatte in sanguine persones is taken for fleshye Auicen saythe that abundance of ruddy fleshe and styffe signifieth a hotte and a moyst coÌ„plexioÌ„ as a sanguine ê‘son is For thabuÌ„dance of ruddy fleshe wytnesseth fortitude of vertue assimilatiue and multitude of bloud the worke and waxe by heate and moysture as witnessethe Galen sayenge Thabundance of fleshe is engeÌ„dred by abundance of bloud For heate perfectlye digestynge and the lyke vertue to fleshe makethe the fleshe faste styffe Also Auicen saythe euery fleshye body without abundance of fat grece is sanguine Galen ii â—egni Wherto Galen asseÌ„teth Secondly the sanguine person is mery and iocunde that is to say with mery wordes he moueth other to laugh orels he is gladde throughe benignite of the sanguine humour ê“uokynge a man to gladnes and iocuÌ„dite through clere perfect spirites engeÌ„dred of bloud Thyrdly he gladly hereth fables mery sportis for the same cause Fourthlye he is enclyned to lecherie through heate and moystnes prouokynge to carnall copulation Fyftly he gladlye drinketh good wyne Sixtlye he delyteth to fede on good meate by reason the sanguine ê‘sone desyrethe the mooste lyke to his complexion that is good wynes and good meates Seuenthlye he laugheth lyghtly for bloud ê“uoketh to laughyÌ„g The .viij. is the sanguine persone hath a gladsome an amiable countenance through lyuelynes of colour and fairenes of coÌ„plexion The .ix. is he speaketh swetelye throughe amiablenes of sanguine nature The .x. is he is apt to lerne any maner of science throughe lyuelynes and perspicuite of his wytte The .xj. is he is nat lyghtlye angry and this cometh through moystnes abatynge the feruour of coler prouokynge
impostumes brede in the body or in a meÌ„bre hurt the humours flowe thervnto But Auicen assigneth an other cause that by suche slepe may chance coÌ„fraction of the meÌ„bres The cause may be as Galen sayth that slepe is vnholsome in the ague fyt for natural hete goth inward Gal. ii apho suê‘ illo In quo c. and the out ward ê‘tis waxe colde the fumes remayne vnconsumed wherby the rigour is augmented and the feuer fyt ê“longed Also by mouyng of the humours iÌ„ lettyÌ„g of blud fumes are reised vp to the senowes and braunes of the armes whiche remaynyng vnconsumed waxe colde in slepe and ingrosse in the vtter partes And therfore if one slepe iÌ„mediately after lettyng of blud they cause confraction of the senowes and braunes of tharmes Secondly he sayth that one in lettyng blud must beware that he make nat the gashe to depe lest he hurt a senowe or an arterie strynge vnder the veyne for hurtyng of a senowe causeth a mortal crampe or losse of a meÌ„bre as an arme or a fynger and hurt of an arteri strynge causeth bledyng vncurable The .iiij. is one ought nat to eate iÌ„mediatly aft he is let blud but he must tary tyll the humors in hym be in qete lest the meate er hit be digested be drawen together with the blud to succour the hurt membre Omnia de lacte vitabis rite minute Et vitet potum fleubothomatus homo Frigida vitabit quia sunt inimica minutis Interdictus erit minutis nubilus aer Spiritus exultat minutis luce per auras subtile to ruÌ„ne through out al the body outcept the matter be furious The .ii. is abuÌ„dance of the mattâ—er for GaleÌ„ sayth on the aphorisme Inchoantilus morbis c. that it is than behoueful to be let blud or take a medicine laxatiue to alleuiate nature loded with abuÌ„dance of mattier The .iii. is greatnes sharpenes of the sickenes as whan there is a great an acheful impostume though the mattier be lyttel Gal. xiii 〈…〉 For GaleÌ„ sayth if the impostume be great ye must let blud at the begynnyng though there be but lyttel mattier lest it breke or open er it be rype therfore to eschewe many incoÌ„uenieÌ„ces blud lettyng must be done 〈◊〉 is so 〈…〉 eyther to 〈◊〉 or deth 〈◊〉 The .ii. rule is that blud lettyÌ„g may nat be done on the day of mocioÌ„ of the sickenes as in crisis nor no other vacuacion nor diuertyng of mattier froÌ„ the place that nature sendeth it to Nor like wise in the ague fyt For Galen sayth .i. aph that whaÌ„ the sickenes is in hit estate neyther blud lettyng nor laxatiue shulde be done for than the matter rypeth whiche rypeth better by quietnes thaâ—â—rryng The .iii. rule is that lettyng of blud shuld nat be done in begyÌ„nyng of the sickenes whan crisis is remoued for Isaac saith in his boke of vrins that though the hart be the engeÌ„drer of the blud spiritis yet the blud is fundacioÌ„ of natural hete susteyneth hit for hete is naturally therof engendred and therfore one voydyng blud voydeth hete whiche shulde digest the mattier of the sickenes and so coÌ„sequently the sickenes is proloÌ„ged strengthe weaked And therfore hit is to drede lest through lengthynge of the sickenes and weakyng of the streÌ„gthe nature shuld fayle The .iiii. rule is that the body hauyng dregges or filth iÌ„ the guttis shuld nat be let blud The cause is there be .iii. thyÌ„ges that draw to them hete emptynes all the shap nowe the veynes eÌ„pted by lettyng of blud dawe to them froÌ„ the next meÌ„bres as the guttis stomake wherby that bealy is indurated the mattier in the veynes more infected the miseraike draweth the humidites of the ordeurs the ordeurs are dried the more therfor ye must fyrst mollifie the bealy with clisters or suppositories except it waxe laxatiue alone The .v. rule is That lettyng of blud shulde nat be moche vsed for by oft vsyng therof one waxyng olde falleth in to dyuers diseases as epilencie apoplexie and palsey for by remouyng of the blud hete many flematike suê‘fluites are engendred that cause these diseases The .vi. rule is that a woman meÌ„struate or with childe shuld nat be let blud A womaÌ„ with childe shuld nat for therby the hete that digesteth meate is diminâ— and the foode of that that she goth with taken away specially whan it that she goth with waxeth great for thaÌ„ it nedeth more foode This sayth Hippocrates .v. aph whaÌ„ the menstruosite kepeth due curse voydeth naturally inough lettyÌ„g of blud shuld nat be done but whan it voydeth to moche than to diuert the mattier it must be done for nature wolde nat be let of her operacion The .vii. rule is that after the colerike passion one shuld nat be let blud for bi reason that lettyng of blud sturreth vp the humors a colerike on the right side of the body staÌ„deth the meÌ„bre that engendreth blud that is the lyuer and the receptacle of coler the galle AutuÌ„ne engeÌ„dreth melancoly whiche is gethered to gether nat resolued by wenter therfore in verÌ„ and wynter those veynes shuld be let blud in whiche melaÌ„coly hath dominion whiche be the lyft side veynes for the splen is on the lyft syde of the body whiche is the receptacle of melaÌ„coly Secondly he sayth that these .iiii. meÌ„bres the heed the hart the fote and the lyuer after the .iiii. seasons of the yere must be empted the hart in verÌ„ the lyuer in somer the heed iÌ„ wynter and the fote in autumne Dat saluatella tibi plurima dona minuta Purgat epar splenem pectus precordia vocem Innaturalem tollit de corde dolorem Here he toucheth .vi. coÌ„modites that come by lettyng blud of the veyâ—e called saluatella hit is the veyne on the backe of the haÌ„de betwene the myddyll fynger rynge fynger Fyrst it purgeth the lyuer SecoÌ„dly it cleÌ„setâ—â—ene Thyrdly it muÌ„difieth the breast Fourthly hit preserueth the stomakes mouthe froÌ„ hurt Fyftly hit doth away hurt of the voyce Sixtly hit doth away vnnaturall ache of the hart The reason of all these coÌ„modites is bicause the forsayd veyne auoydeth blud froÌ„ al these places as after it shall appere For a more ample declaracion hit is to witte that in lettyng of blud other while the veynes be opend and somtyme the arteries The openyÌ„g of the arterie is daÌ„gerous the chiefe cause hereof is the ouermoche bledyng whiche is caused .ii. ways One is through ferueÌ„t hete of the arterie blud for a hotte thyng is soone mouable delateth openeth the arterie and therfore hit helpeth moche to voyde the blud in lettyng blud the arterie The .ii. cause is mobilite of the arterie and therfore the wouÌ„de or gashe in it is slowlier healed for wouÌ„des without rest can nat heale Yet this lettyÌ„g of blud is holsome .iii. maner wise Fyrst whan there is abuÌ„daÌ„ce of subtile blud iÌ„ the body SecoÌ„dly
cole wortes homlockes and suche lyke and of trees as fygge trees walnutte trees Farther the aier is to be chosen wherin the wynde blowethe from highe or egall gronde And also we ought to take good heed that the aier excede nat in any of his fyrste qualitees that is in heate colde moystute and droughte whiche if hit chance hit muste be tempered by craft as moche as is possible These thynges Auicen teacheth .ii. primi doct ii de diuersis St tibi serotina noceat potatio vina Hora matutina rebibas et erit medicina This texte teacheth one doctrine whiche is if a maÌ„ be diseased by dryÌ„kynge of wyne ouer nyght He muste on the morowe a freshe drynke wyne agayne For either drynkynge of wyne ouer nyght causeth dronkeÌ„nes thyrst in the mornynge or inflaÌ„mation of the body If hit inflaÌ„me the bodye than hit is ryghte vnholsome agayne in the mornynge to drinke wyne a freshe for that were to lay fyre to fire But if one happe to be dronke there with parbrake a lyttell than hit were holsome to drynke wyne agayne a freshe in the mornynge For the drynkynge of wyne agayne than dothe lyghtly cause one to vomite wherby the stomake is clensed For by that clensynge the hurt of droÌ„kennes and parbrakynge gothe lyghtly awaye And therfore Hippocrates counsayleth to be dronken ones a moneth that of the dronkennes may come vomite whiche thynge preserueth vs from yll diseases of longe continuance If drynkynge of wyne ouer eue hurte one and that by reason he is nat accustomed to drynke wyne than he maye drinke wyne in the mornynge to accustome hym and so the drinkynge of wyne shal lesse hurt hym For as Hippocrates sayth Hipp. ii aphorismo Ex multo teÌ„pore c. of a customable thyng cometh lesse grefe But in case that thyrstynes in the mornynge foloweth on drynkynge of wyne ouer eue than to drynke water in the mornynge shulde coole his thirst better For as moche as we haue spoken of hurte commynge by drynkynke of wyne witteth well that a ê‘sone hauynge a feble brayne and eke of what so euer other condicion he be he oughte moste circumspectly to beware of dronkennes For ofte dronkeÌ„nes as Auicen saith Auic iii. i ca. de regi de aque vini Sixe incoÌ„ueniences engendred of dronkennes causeth .vj. inconueniences Of whom the fyrste is corruption of the lyuers coÌ„plection For wyne excessiuely taken comynge to the lyuer resolueth the heate therof wherby the lyuer loseth his naturall generation of bludde and in stede of blud engendreth wattrishenes causynge the dropsye or hit cuttethe the lyuer or the humours therof wherby lepre or wodnes is engendred The .ij. is corruption of the braynes complection throughe thycke and continuall assendynge of fumes of the wyne therto disposynge the hotte brayne to wodnes and frenesye the colde to the fallynge yuel forgetfulnes and palsey The .iij. is weakes of the senowes For we se that these dronkerdes as well in youth as in age haue the palsey in the heed other theyr meÌ„bres The .iiij. is diseases of the senowes as the crampe palsey For suê‘fluous drynkynge of wyne oftymes tourneth to vineger in the stomake whiche hourtethe the senowes Also often tymes for faute of digestion hit tourneth in to vndigested wattrishenes whiche mollifieth the senowes And often tymes it enduceth grosse humours to the senowes wherby they be stretched out or drawen to gether The .v. is the palsey through humidites of the brayne encreased by the wyne so that they stoppe holly the wayes of the lyfely spiritis procedynge from the brayne to the other membres The .vj. is sodeyne dethe for whyle the dronkerde snortethe or slepethe his wynde pipes through abundaÌ„ce of wyne or humidites therof engendred are closed wherby he is sodaynly strangled And though the immoderate drynkynge of wyne causeth the forsaid incoÌ„uenieÌ„ses Yet wyne moderatly taken is holsome diuers wayes And AuiceÌ„ in the afore allegate chap. reherseth .v. bonties of wyne moderatly dronke The fyrste is â— bonties of wyne moderatly dronke that hit easely conueyeth the meate that hit is myngled with to al the meÌ„bres of the body through the heate subtillite and hyd conuenient proprete therof The .ij. is hit digestethe fleume and resolueth hit throughe the heate and subtilite of his substance makynge hit apte to auoyde out openynge the wayes and coÌ„fortynge nature to driue hit out The .iij. is hit auoydeth redde colour by vrine and by other insensible vacuations as swette and suche lyke And this is to be vnderstande of claret wyne or whyte that is feble of his nature or alayde with water or elles hit wolde encreace coler by tournynge it selfe in to coler and inflaÌ„mation of the lyuer The .iiij. is hit makethe melancoly whiche is grosse and moueth slowely easelye to slyde by hit propre pypes from the liuer to the splene and from the splene to the brymme of the stomake and at last with the dregges to auoyde out of the body And hit declineth or represseth the hurte of melaÌ„coly through contrariousnes of complection and maner of substance in the effectis therof For melancoly engeÌ„dreth heuynes feintnes of harte couetousnes Propreties of melancoly and of wyne But wyne engendreth ioye boldnes stoutnes of stomake and liberalite The .v. is hit resoluethe all causes of werynes outcepte it be myxt with some other heate For wyne reuiueth the resolute spiritis agayne abundantly and comfortethe naturall vertue and taketh awaye or diminishethe humidites lefte in the musculs senowes of the harte or in the ioyntes And if the body dryed by werynes nedeth moystynge wyne moystethe hit quickely so it be alaide with water Farther more besides these wyne hath many other good propretees For aboue all other thyÌ„ges wyne is a swefte and a sodaine nourisher hit comforteth the heate and naturall spirite and heteth all the bodye hit clereth the wytte appeseth anger putteth away heuynes and stereth to bodily lust And no dryÌ„ke digesteth rawe humours so well And wyne maketh one manlye bothe in stomake and body And they that drynke no wyne are nothyng in regarde of theyr equals that drynke wyne neyther in stomake nor corage Gignit et humores melius vinum meliores Si fuerit nigrum corpus reddit tibi pigrum Vinum sit clarumque vetus subtile maturum Ac bene limphatum saliens moderamine sumptum This texte declarethe one doctrine of wyne and that is the better wyne is the better humours it engeÌ„dreth The cause is for blacke wyne is more grosse and erthie than other therfore the spiritis therof engendred be grosse Like as hit is proued by Gal. sayenge before Grosse spiritis make the body heuy or slowe vii doctrines to choâ— wyne And farther ther are put .vij. doctrines touchynge election of wyne The firste is the wyne ought to be clere For suche wyne by reason that hit is subtile engendreth subtile and clere spiritis The .ij. is hit ought to
vnderstande that to dryÌ„ke water with meate is nat only hurtfull but also in many other cases Auic iii. i ca. de regimine aque â— vini whiche are declared of Auicen Fyrste hit is vnholsome for a maÌ„ to dryÌ„ke fastyng for hit perceth in to the bodye by all the principall membres therof mortifienge hit naturall heate This is of trouthe if one that is truely fastynge drinke hit Yet for a dronken man it is some tyme holsome nor it hurteth hym nat though he dryÌ„ke hit fastynge For a dronkerde fastynge is nat vtterlye fastynge his stomake is nat vacande but some what remayneth of the other dayes ingurgynge But in whose nitrosite water dronke in the mornynge doth mitigate and the stomake there with washed the vapours fumes repressed is disposed to receyue newe sustinance The .ij. hurt is to drynke water after great labour trauaile and lyke wyse after the fleshely acte betwene maÌ„ and woman For than the poris of the bodye be verye open wherby the water entrethe in to the bottum of the membres mortifienge the natural heate Whiche heate also after the fleshely acte is weaked The .iij. incoÌ„uenience is after baynyng specially if one bayne hym fastynge for than the cundites and wayes of the bodye be verye open wherfore the water entrynge in hurteth as is afore sayde AuiceÌ„ vâ— quarti sâ—ma .ii. ca. vltimo Of this drynkynge of water Auicen sayth That of water dronke tastynge after baynynge and after carnall copulation corruptynge of coÌ„plection dropsy is to be feared Fourthly it is hurtfull to drynke colde water to queÌ„che feyned thyrst in the nyght as hit chanceth to surfetters and droÌ„kerdes For by drinkynge of colde water the resolution and digestion of salte humours are prohibited whether it be of wyne or other sharpe thynges causynge thyrste so sone after drynke thyrste commeth agayne as stronglye as before But in case the thyrste be so vehement vexynge vnquietynge ouer moche that neither coldenes of brethynge nor washynge of the mouthe with colde water can suffice than let the thyrstie dryÌ„ke colde water out of a narowe mouthed vesselle or cuppe or syppynge that the water more slowlye maye come vnto the brymme of the stomake for so hit shall beste quenche thyrste and lesse therof shal be dronke and than it shall nat vtterly distroy digestion Fyftelye generallye hit is yll for holle folkes to drynke moche colde water for hit quencheth naturall heate greueth the breast marreth the appetite of the stomake and is verye hurtfull to all the senowye meÌ„bres Yet neuer the lesse water temperatly colde some tyme per accidence stereth one to haue an appetite and maketh the stomake stronge helpynge hit openynge and clensynge the wayes therof Sunt nutratiue multum arnes vituline Here the author saith that veale nourisheth very moche And this Auicen affirmeth sayenge that meate that conserueth helth must be suche as the fleshe is For they are of lyke nature very apte to be conuerted in to bludde and specially kydde yonge suckynge calues and yerelynge lammes And this veale Galen .iii. alimentorum The beste veale preysethe highlye sayenge that veale of .vj. or .viij. wekes olde rosted is more holsome than mutton hit is soone digested and norisheth very moche And of these fleshes we haue spoken before Sunt bona gallina capo turtur sturna columba Quiscula vel merula phasianus ethigoneta Perdix frigellus orex tremulus amarellus The beste foules to eate This texte sheweth what wylde foule are moste holsome to eate to nouryshe mans nature The nombre of them is .xiiij. The fyrste is an henne the whiche is verye holsome to eate For Haly Auenzoart and Mesue say that the beste fleshe of pultry is an henne that neuer layed of a cocke that neuer trad henne For they without superfluite are soone turned in to bludde theyr proprete is to tempre mans complexion and theyr broth is the beste medicine that can be for lepers And Galen sayth Galen ii can ca. de gâ—inis â— gallo that fleshe of yonge pullettes augmeÌ„teth intellection hit clereth the voyce and encreaceth the sede of generation The .ij. is a capon whose fleshe consiliator in his .lxviij. question nombreth amonge the mooste holsome fleshes And these fleshes and lyke wyse the other afore sayde the stomake of hit proprete doth digest The .iij. is a turtyll whiche also nourisheth well and engendreth good blud Auicen .ii. can ca. dâ— cane The fleshe wherof Auicen highlye preysethe sayenge There is no foules fleshe better thaÌ„ a turtyls or a hennes nor subtiler But yet they are nat so nouryshynge as the pertriche The .iiij. after the opinioÌ„ of some is a stare This byrde shulde be eateÌ„ yonge Some other call this foule Starna whiche Rasis .iij. AlmÌ„ preisethe aboue al other foules sayenge A sterlyngis fleshe is lyghtest of all other foules holsome for them that wyll kepe a sklender diete and by this maye be vnderstande a greatter foule as a grey goose the fleshe wherof is ryght coÌ„mendable specially yonge And on this wise Almans vnderstandeth preferrynge this fleshe before other Orels by a stare may be vnderstaÌ„de certeine small ê‘triches wherof Moyses semeth to vnderstande sayenge to the Iewes Lyke wyse stares are vnholsome for our kynge for they coÌ„streyne and indurate the bealye And this proprete some ascribe vnto pertriches For theyr fleshe bynde the bealy as witnessethe Rasis .iij. AlmÌ„ The .v. is a doue whose fleshe is colerike Whiche as Rasis sayth is excedynge hotte the whiche engeÌ„dreth blud ferueÌ„tly hotte and lyghtly engeÌ„dreth the ague And therfore pigions be better baked with sower grapis than rosted For by the sower grapes the heate engendred in the bludde is alayde And the best to eate be yonge pigions redye to flie for suche be of lyght digestion and of better humour For yoÌ„ge pigions nat able to flee are superfluously hotte moyst wherby they engeÌ„dre grosse humours as Auicen sayth the .ij. canon chap. of pigions But olde pigions and theyr fleshe for theyr ouer great heate drought and difficulte of digestion are to be eschewed And lyke wyse olde turtyls The .vj. is a quayle Some doctours saye that a quayle is of light substance and engendreth good bludde and is very holsome for holle folkes But after the mynde of Isaac quayles are worse than any other wylde foule nor they for nourishement nor digestion oughte to be preysed For throughe eatynge of their fleshe the crampe is to be feared As Auicen sayth .ii. can cap. de cotur And he saythe the reason is in the substance of theyr fleshe that they engendre the crampe And for this reason frenche meÌ„ bake eate quayles with softe buttry chese Yet by the quayle maye be vnderstaÌ„de an other byrde a lyttell more than the forsayd ê‘triche of the same colour with redde feete and bylle of a delicious sauour And on this wise Rasis .iij. AlmÌ„ taketh a quayle whaÌ„ he
hit ronneth by the nose it is called corisa whan hit ronnethe to the necke hit is called branchus But this worde reume dothe note signifie generally all maner of mattier flowyng from one membre to an other Auripigmentum sulphur miscere memento His decet apponi calcem commisce saponi Quattuor hec misce commixtis quatuor istis Fistula curatur quater ex his si repleatur Here the auctour putteth a curable medicine for the fistule For the fistule sayenge that a playster made of auripigmentum brymstone white lyme sope myngled to gether healeth the fistule For these thyngis haue vertue to drie and mundifie whiche ententions are requisite in healynge a fistule Platearie sayth auripigmentum is hotte and drie in the .iiij. degree it dissolueth and drawethe consumethe and mundifieth Brymstone and sope as he sayth are hotte drie but brymstone is more vehemente for hit is hotte and drie in the .iiij. degree but sope is nat Auicen saythe that lyme washed drieth without mordicatioÌ„ and makethe steddye The fistule is a rounnynge sore whiche auoydeth mattier more or lesse after the diuersite and course of the moone AuripigmeÌ„tum is that the grauers fasteÌ„ bras other mettals with to stones Ossibus ex denis bis sentenisque nouenis Constat homo denis bis dentibus et duodenis Ex tricentenis decies sex quinqueque venis For the 〈◊〉 Here thauctour nombreth the bones tethe and veynes in mans body Fyrste of bones he saythe there be CCxix bones Yet after the doctours of phisike as Hippocrates Galen Rasis Auerroys and AuiceÌ„ the bones in maÌ„ be CCxlviij And though herin be variance yet there is a mayster of phisicke that saythe Ossa ducenta sunt atque quater duodena Secondly thauctour sayth that a man most coÌ„monly shulde haue .xxxij. tethe The noÌ„bre of tethe But yet hit chanceth that some men lacke .iiij. the laste tethe whiche be behynde them that we call the grynders these haue but .xxviij. tethe Some lacke these iiij laste tethe in childe hod only some other lacke them tyl they be very olde and some all their life Aui i. doct v. cap. de anoth deÌ„denttum Here is to be noted that after Auicen the .ij. formost tethe be called duales and .ij. on either side of these twayne are called quadrupli There be .ij. in the vpper iawe and .ij. in the nether al these tethe were ordeined to cutte and therfore some cal them cutters and speciallye the duales Nexte vnto those quadruples are .ij. tethe aboue and .ij. benethe called canini whose office is to breake harde thingis After those be .iiij. other on either side called grynders .iiij. aboue and .iiij. beneth After those some haue a tothe called sensus on either syde and as well aboue as benethe These also are ordeyned to grynde mans meate And so the holle nombre of the tethe is .xxxij. orels .xxviij. in them that haue nat the tethe called sensus There is than .iiij. duales iiii quadruples .iiij. dogge tethe .xvj. grinders .iiij. sensus Thyrdly the text saith that there is in maÌ„ CCClxv veynes as appereth in the anothamie Quatuor huâ—ores in humano corpore constant Sanguis cum colera flegma melancolia Terra melan aqua fleg et aer sanguis coler ignis Here the auctour declarethe the .iiij. humours in man as bludde fleme coler and melancoly And shewynge the nature and complexion of them he compareth eche to one of the .iiij. elementes Melancoly is colde and drye so coÌ„pared to the erthe whiche is of lyke nature Fleme is colde moyst and so coÌ„pared to water Bludde is hotte moist and so compared to the aier Coler is hotte drie and so compared to fyre These thynges are declared in these verses Humidus est sanguis calet est yis aeris illi Alget humet flegma sic illi yis sit aquosa Sicca calet colera sic igni fit similata Melancolia friget siccat quasi terra Aui i. doct iiii cap. i. For a farther knowlege wittethe well that after AuiceÌ„ there be .iiij. humours in maÌ„s body blud fleme coler and melancoly as is sayde The best of them is blud fyrst by reason hit is the mattier of mans spiritis in whom consistethe mans lyfe and operations Secondly bicause hit is comfortable to the principles of lyfe hit is temperatlye hotte and moyste Thyrdly bicause hit restoreth and nourisheth the body more than the other humours and it is called the treasure of nature for if hit be loste dethe foloweth forth with Nexte to bludde in goodnes is fleme Fyrst by reason that if nede be hit is apte to be tourned in to bludde Secondly bicause hit is very nere like humidite whiche is as fuÌ„datioÌ„ of lyfe After fleme in goodnes is coler whiche is partner with natural hete so longe as it kepeth conuenient measure Than foloweth melancoly as dregges and durte remoued aparte from the principles of lyfe ennemy to ioye and liberalite and of nere kynred to age and dethe Secondly note that in the diuision of humours there is .ij. kyndes of blud that is to say naturall vnnaturall Naturall blud is ruddye that is to saye veyne bludde ruddye and obscure and arterie bludde ruddye and clere without yll sauour and in comparison of other humours is very swete Unnaturall is double the one is vnnaturall in qualite that is to say whiche is chaÌ„ged from good coÌ„plexion in it selfe orels by mynglyÌ„ge of an other humour There is an other vnnaturall bludde whiche throughe mynglynge of other humours is yll bothe in qualite substance quantite and in proportion of the one to the other And this is double for the one is nat naturall by mynglyng of an yll humour that cometh to hym from without The other is vnnaturall by mynglynge of an yll humour engendred in the selfe blud as whan parte of the blud is putrified and the subtile parte therof is tourned in to coler and the grosse part in to melancoly orels that coler or that melaÌ„coly orels both remayneth in the blud And this vnnaturall bloud by mynglynge of an yll humour varieth from naturall bludde many wayes Fyrst in substance for hit is grosser and fouler sith melaÌ„coly is myngled therwith orels hit is more subtile whan wattrishenes or citrine coler is myngled therwith Secondlye in colour for some tyme whan fleme is myngled therwith hit enclineth to whitenes or through melancolye to blackenes Thirdly in sauour for by mynglyÌ„g of putrified humours hit is more stynkynge orels by mynglynge of rawe humours hit hath no sauour Fourthly in talage for by mynglyng of coler hit enclineth to bitternes and by melancoly to sowernes or by fleme to vnsauerynes Also of fleme there be .ij. kyndes naturall vnnaturall Naturall is that whiche within a certeyne space wyll be bloudde for fleme is vndigested bloudde There is an other spice of fleme whiche is swete and some what warme if hit be compared
to the bodily hete But comparynge hit to ruddye blud and coler hit is colde Fleme is naturally whyte and this is called swete fleme extendynge this name swete to all the talages delitynge the taste for other wise this natural fleme is nat swete but vnsauery and watrishe and very nere the talage of water And to this fleme nature hath nat gyuen a ê“pre mansion as she hath done to coler and melancoly but nature maketh it ronne with the bloud for it hath a very nere similitude to bloud And of this fleme there be .ij. necessites and one vtilite The fyrste necessite is that hit be nere the membres so that theyr vertue maye digeste and turne hit in to bloudde and that the membres by hit may be nourished whan they haue loste theyr naturall foode that is for to saye good bloudde throughe restrynte of material bloud whiche restreynt is caused of the stomake lyuer through some causes accidentall The .ij. necessite is that hit myngle with the bloud and make hit apte to nourishe the meÌ„bres of flematike complexion as the brayne and nuche for that that must noryshe these meÌ„bres must be well myngled with fleme The vtilite of fleme is that hit moyst the ioyntes and membres that moue moche leste they waxe drie through the heate that cometh of theyr mouynge and rubbynge Vnnaturall fleme may be deuided Fyrste in hit substance so some therof is muscillaginosuÌ„ and that is fleme to ones semynge diuerse for in some parte it is subtile and thynne and in some other grosse and thycke it is called muscilaginosuÌ„ bicause hit is lyke muscilages draweÌ„ out of sedes There is an other fleme that appereth egall in substance that is in subtilite grossenes to ones demynge but for a trouth hit is diuers in euery parte this is named rawe fleme And this encreasethe in the stomake and entrayles And to auoyde hit out of the stomake Hippocrates byddethe vs spue twyse a monethe and to voide hit out of the guttis nature hath ordeyned coler to runne from the chest of the gall to the entrayle ieiuniuÌ„ so forthe to the other lower guttis to scoure away that fleme from the brymmes of the entrayles and to cause hit to discende downe with the other dregges and fylthe Some tyme this fleme is encreased in the veynes specially of olde folkes by minishyng of theyr digestioÌ„ and there remaynynge is by lyttell littell augmented and engrossed hurtynge nature whiche can nat by the veynes therto ordeyned voyde hit out yet it doth that is possible to kepe it from the harte and other inwarde membres and driueth it to the outwarde membres and specially to the legges for by hit heuynes hit naturally draweth to the lower partis of man And this is the cause why olde folkes legges are swollen that if one presse downe his fynger therin there taryethe a hole specially towarde night and in fatte folkes suche as were wonte to be nourished with moyst meates There is an other spice of fleme verye subtile wattrishe lyke vnto water some what thicke This fleme is verye often myngled with theyr spittyll that haue yll digestion and of those that be great drinkers it runneth from the brayne to the nose as hit is wonte in the begynnynge of the pose and whan by decoction and boylynge in man hit cometh grosse hit is turned in to fleme grosse white and muscillage There is an other fleme grosse and white called gipseum the subtile partis of this fleme is dissolued through it longe bydynge in the iointis and the grossenes therof remaineth in the ioyntis as harde as stones This fleme engeÌ„drethe a goute vncurable There is an other fleme thycke and grosse lyke to molt glasse in colour claÌ„mynes and weight Secondly vnnaturall fleme differethe in talage for there is certayne fleme that is swete whiche is by mynglynge of bludde with fleme And vnder this is conteyned the vnctuous fleme whiche is engendred by mynglynge of vnctuous bloud and fleme There is an other maner of vnsauerye fleme caused of rawnes as certeyne glassy fleme There is an other salte fleme caused by mynglynge of coler And this is more bytynge drier and lyghter thaÌ„ any other fleme through the coler mingled therwith whiche is drie lyght and sharpe And this fleme is ofte founde in theyr stomakes that be flematike that drinke moche stronge wyne and that vse salte and sharpe meates and cleuynge to the stomakes causeth other whyle thyrst intollerable and runnyng by the guttis hit some tyme fleeth them and causethe the bluddy mensyn in the fundemeÌ„t ofte tymes induceth stronge â—o stiuenes There is an other fleme that is sharpe by mynglynge of sharpe melancolye therwith and some tyme throughe boylynge of fleme as hit chanceth in the swete ieuses of frutes that fyrste boyle and after waxe ripe And this fleme appereth oftner in theyr stomakes that digest yll than in other partis For naturally coler floweth to the mouthe of the stomake to stere vp thappetite whiche desceÌ„dyng downewarde some tyme myngled with fleme maketh it sower and this is ê‘ceyued by sower belchynges And other whyle this fleme is engendred in the stomake by boylyÌ„g with a weake heate There is an other fleme called pontike whiche is some tyme caused by mynglyng of poÌ„tike melancoly But this is seldome by reason that pontike melancolye is very scarse Hit is some tyme caused throughe vehement coldnes therof wherby the moystnes therof is coÌ„ieyled and some what altered to erthynes and thervpon cometh no weake heate whiche causynge it to boyle shulde conuerte it in to sharpenes nor no stronge heate whiche digestyng hit shulde turne it in to blud There be .ij. kyndes of coler natural and vnnaturall Vnnaturall coler is the fome of blud whose coler is ruddy clere that is citrine in the laste degree of citrines as saffron heedes and hit is lyghte and sharpe and the hotter the more redde it is And after this coler is engeÌ„dred in the heed hit deuideth in two partis one parte gothe with the bloud in to the veynes the other gothe in to the purse of the galle The parte that gothe with the bloud entreth therwith bothe for necessite and profite Hit is nedefull that hit myngle with the bloud to nourishe the colerike meÌ„bres Hit is behoueful that hit make the bloud subtile and cause hit to entre in to the veynes The parte that gothe to the purse of the galle gothe eke thether for necessite and profite The necessite is double The one is nedefull for all the bodye to mundifie hit from colerike superfluites The other necessite is in respecte of the galles purse The profite also is double The one is to washe the entrayles from dregges and claÌ„my fleme cleuynge to them The other is to pricke the guttis musculs that they may fele the thynge that hurteth them and voyde all other fylthynes The profe of this is that colike chanceth oftetymes by stoppynge of the hole
to anger The laste .ij. verses recite some of the forsayde tokens and also some other Fyrste a sanguine ê‘sone is free nat couetous but liberall Secondly he is amorous Thyrdly he hath a mery countenance Fourthly he is moste parte smylynge of whiche all the benignite of the bloud is cause and prouoker Fyftlye he hath a ruddye colour For Auicen saythe that ruddy colour of the skynne signifieth abundance of bloud And this must be vnderstande of brighte ruddy colour nat darke suche as is wonte to be in theyr facis that drynke stronge wynes abundantlye and that vse sauces and sharpe spices for suche colour signifieth lepre to come Syxtly he gladlye singethe and herethe syngâ—ge by reason of his mery mynde SeueÌ„thlye he is fleshye throughe the cause afore sayde The .viij. is he is hardy through the hete of the bloud whiche is cause of boldnes The .ix. is the sanguine persone is benigne and gentyl through the bounte of the sanguine humour Est humor colere qui competit impetuosis Hoc genus est hominum cupiens precellere cunctos Hi leuiter discunt multum comedunt cito crescunt Inde magnanimi sunt largi summa petentes Hirsutus fallax irascens prodigus audax Astutus gracilis siccus groceique coloris Here the auctour teacheth vs to knowe a persone of colerike complexion Fyrst he is hasty by reason of superfluous heate that mouethe hym to hastynes AuiceÌ„ ii.i doct iii. cap. iii. And therfore Auicen sayth that dedes of excessiue motion signifie heate Secondly the colerike persone is desirous of honour and coueteth to be vppermoste and to excelle all other by reason that suê‘fluous heate maketh maÌ„s mynde prone to arrogaÌ„ce and foole hardynes Thyrdly they lerne lyghtlye by reason of the subtilnes of the colerike humour And therfore Auicen saithe that the vnderstandynge promptnes and quicke agilite to intelligence betokenethe heate of complexion Fourthlye they eate moche for in them the heate digestiue is stronger more resolutiue than in other bodies Fyftly they encresse soone through strength of naturall heate in them whiche is cause of augmentation The .vj. is they be stoute stomaked that is they can suffre no iniuries by reason of the heate in them And therfore Auicen sayth secunda .i. doctrina .iii. cap. tertio that to take euery thynge impaâ—iently signifieth heate The .vij. is they be liberall to those that honour them The .viij. is they desire highe dignites officis The .ix. is a colerike persone is hearye by heate openynge the pores mouyng the mattier of heares to the skynne And therfore hit is a coÌ„mon sayenge the colerike man is as heary as a gotte The .x. is he is disceyuable The .xj. is he is soone angry through his hotte nature And therfore Auicen sayth ofte angry and for a smalâ— cause betoketh heate through easy motion of coler and boylynge of the bloud aboute the harte The .xij. is he is a waster in spendyng largely to optayne honours The .xiij. is he is bolde for boldnes cometh of great heate specially about the harte The .xiiij. is he is wylye The .xv. is he is skleÌ„der membred and nat fleshie The .xvj. is he is leane and drie The .xvij. is he is saffâ—on colored And therfore Auicen saythe that coler signifiethe dominion Restat et adhuc tristis colere substancie nigre Qui reddit prauos per tristes paâ—a loquentes Hi vigilant studiis nec mens est dedita somno Seruant propositum sibi nit reputant fore tutunt Inuidus et tristis cupidus dextreque tenacis Non ex perâ— fraudis timidus luteique coloris Here he declareth some tokens of a melancoly ê‘sone Fyrst melaÌ„coly maketh folkes shrewde and yll manered as they that kyll them selfe The .ij. is great heuines for melancolye folkes are moste parte sad through theyr melancoly spiritis troublous darke lyke as clere spiritis make folkes gladde The .iij. is they talke lyttell by reason of theyr coldnes The .iiij. is they be studious for they couet alway to be alone The .v. is they are no slepers nor slepe nat well by reason of the ouer moche drines of the brayne and through melancoly fumes they haue horrible dreames that wake them out of theyr slepe The .vj. is they be stedfaste in theyr purpose and of good memorie and harde to please and this comethe throughe theyr drines The .vij. is they thynke nothynge sure they alway drede through darkenes of theyr spiritis In the .ij. laste verses he recitethe some of the forsayde signes and other Fyrste the melancolye persone is enuious The .ij. he is sadde The .iij. he is couetous Fourthly he holdeth fast and is an yll payer Fyftly he is simple yet disceitfull and therfore melancoly folkes are deuoute great reders fasters and kepers of abstinence Syxtlye he is fearfull Seuenthly he hath an erth ye browne colour whiche colour if hit be any thinge grene signifiethe the dominion of melancolye as Rasis sayth .ij. Alman Hi sunt humores qui prestat cuique colores Omnibus in rebus ex flegmate fit color albus Sanguine fit rubeus colera â—ubea quâ—que ruffus Si peccet sanguis facies â—ubet extat acellus Inflantur gene corpus nimiumque grauatur Est plusquam frequens plenus mollis dolor ingens Maxime fit stontis et constipatio ventris Bâ—caque lingua sitis et somnia plena ruboâ— Dustior adest spâ—ti sunt actâ—a duicta queque Here the auctour puttethe the colours that folowe the complexions A flematike persone is whitely coloured the colerike is browne and tawnye the sanguine is ruddy the melancoly is pale colered lyke erthe Afterwarde the texte declareth .xij. colours signifienge superfluite of bloud The fyrst is whan the face is redde by ascendyng of bloud to the heed and face The secoÌ„d is whan the eies bolle out farther than they were wonte The .iij. is whan the eies are swollen The .iiij. is whan the bodye is all heuye for nature can nat susteyne nor gouerne so great quaÌ„tite of bloud The .v. is whan the pulce beateth thycke The .vj. is whaÌ„ the pulce is full by reasoÌ„ of the multitude of hotte and moyst vapours The .vij. is whan the pulce is softe throughe to moche humidite mollifienge the mattier The .viij. is ache of the forheed The ix is whaÌ„ the bealy is costife throughe great hete that drieth vp the fylthy mattier The .x. is whaÌ„ the tonge is drie and rough for like cause The .xj. is great thyrste through drines of the stomakes mouth engeÌ„dred of great hete The .xij. is whan one dreameth of redde thynges AuiceÌ„ ii.i doct iii. cap. vii This Auicen affirmeth sayenge Slepe that signifieth abuÌ„dance of bloud is whan a man dreameth he seeth redde thynges orels that he shedeth moche of his bloud â–ª orels that he swymmeth in bloud and suche lyke The .xiij. is the swetenes of spyttell throughe swetenes of bloud Here is to be noted that lyke as there be tokens of
veynes may haue som respiracion and some yll fumes voyde out The .ij. is to dryÌ„ke and specially wyne whiche is good in blud lettyng if one hap to swouÌ„de and also hit is very holsome after blud lettyng to reuiue the spirites engendre newe blud whiche thyng in practyse all phisitians obserue The .iij. is baynyng whiche is holsome .iij. dayes before and .iij. dayes after blud lettyng nat the same day Hit is good before if one thynke he haue grosse humors within hym for baynyng leuseth moueth humors for the said cause hit is holsome to take a sharpe syrope before to moue dissolue and make subtile the humours And therfore whan ye wyll let one blud ye must rubbe the arme that the humours in the veynes about may be made subtile prepared to issue out more esily Hit is holsom after blud lettynge that the residue of humours vapours left behynd may be leused Hit is nat holsome the same day for baynyng maketh the skyn lynnowe whiche made lynnowe wyl nat abyde the stroke gyuen in blud lettyng that is daÌ„gerous The .iiij. is byndynge with lynnen clothes whiche is very holsome to stop the blud after euacuation therof before bledyng to drawe the humours to the veynes and to cause them to swel better to appere The .v. is moderate walkyng before blud lettyng to dissolue make subtile the humors afterward to leuse the residue of the humours lefte behynde Here note that some vse to be let blud fastyng but some other say hit were better to eate a rererosted egge fyrst and therto drynke a draught of wyne about the houre of .ix. or .x. before dyner and forth with to be let blud The cause is whaÌ„ the stomake is empty nature reteyneth styl the blud more stroÌ„gly lest she shuld lacke norishement but whan one hath eate a lyttel norishyng meate as wyne egges is than nature suffreth the blud better to issue Exhiâ—araâ— tristes iratos placat amantes Ne sint amentes fleubothomia facit Here be declared .iii. effectis of blud lettyng First it maketh a sad ê‘sone mery Secondly it appeseth angry folkes The reason is this moche melaÌ„coly myngled with the blud causeth heuynes and moche coler causeth aÌ„ger whiche .ij. humors as they be myngled with the blud are draweÌ„ out by blud lettyng Thirdly hit kepeth louers from furious rauyng for it remoueth the blud froÌ„ the heed auoydyng it by the other exterior partis Farther note that there be .v. causes of blud lettyng The first is that the abundance whether it be in qualite or quantite or bothe shuld be voyded For as Auicen sayth two maner folkes must be let blud One is they that be disposed to be sicke that haue abundaÌ„ce of blud in quantite The other is they that are sicke alredy through the malice of humors or blud But there is difference in these .ii. blud lettynges For blud lettyng for the abuÌ„dance of blud ought to be moche but whaÌ„ it is done to auoyde yll blud it must be moderate as Galen saythe .ix. metategni And therfore they do very yll that let them selfe blede tyll they ê‘ceyue the good blud issue for ê‘auenture all theyr blud shall ruÌ„ne out er they se any good blud appere Therfore they shuld voyde a lyttel at ones and after the mynde of Galen in this case before they let one blud they shuld gyue hym good meates to engeÌ„der good blud to fulfyl the place of the yl blud auoyded and after within a lyttell space to let hym blud a lyttel and a lyttel This is called directe lettyÌ„g of blud for it is done to auoyde abundaÌ„ce of blud and of suche humors as shulde be auoyded The fyrst indirecte cause is the greatnes of the disease and greatnes of the apparent vehement inflaÌ„macion for as GaleÌ„ saith ther is no better medicine for an iÌ„postume of vehement inflaÌ„macion feuers great ache Gal. in coÌ„men illiuâ— apho quâ— egerunt thaÌ„ blud lettyng The .ii. indirect cause is that the mattier whiche must be auoyded be drawen to yâ— place froÌ„ whens it must be auoyded And therfore in retencion of the menstruous flixe emeraudis the great veyne in the â—ote called sophena must be opend as Galen saith to draw downe the mattier of the blud The .iij. indirect cause is to drawe the humours to the place contrary to that place that they flow to to diuert the mattier froÌ„ that place Therfore for to moche abuÌ„dance of meÌ„struosite the veyne basilica must be let blud to turne the mattier to the coÌ„trary part and so to voyde hit froÌ„ hit propre course And therfore he that hath a pluresie on his lyft syde must be let blud on the right side to diuert drawe the mattier to the place coÌ„trarie to that place that it inclineth to And like wise if it be on the right side to let blud on the lyft The .iiij. indirect cause is that bi lettyng of blud one portion of the mattier may be auoyded that nature may be the stronger vpon the residue and so lettyng of blud is holsome whan the body is ful lest impostumes growe for the regimeÌ„t of nature is feble iÌ„ regard of these humors wherfore a portion of the mattier is voyded lest through vnablenes of nature in gouernyng the mattier the mattier shuld flowe to som weake place and brede an impostume Faâ— plagam largam mediocriter vt cito fumus Exâ—at vberius liberiusque cruoâ— Here thauctor sayth that the gashe made in lettyng oâ— blud ought to be of a mean largenes that the same grosse blud may esily issue out for whan the gashe is straite the pure blud onely goth out and the grosse abith styl in And note that somtyme the gashe must be great somtyme small The gashe must be great for .iii. causes Fyrst bicause the humours be grosse and grosse blud must be voyded as in them that be melaÌ„coly Secondly in wynter the gashe muste be great for colde engrosseth the humours Thyrdly for thabuÌ„daÌ„ce of humours for they auoyde better by a great gashe than a small But the gashe must be small whan the ê‘sone is of weake strengthe that the spiritis naturall hete auoyde nat to moche and lyke wise in a hotte season and whan the blud is pure Sanguine subtracto sex horis est vigilandum Ne somni fumus ledat sensibile corpus Ne neruum ledat non sit tibi plaga profunda Sanguine purgatus non carpas protinus escas Thre thynges must be consydred whaÌ„ one is let blud Fyrst that he slepe nat within .vi. houres after â—est the fumes engeÌ„dred by slepe asceÌ„de to the heed hurt the brayne There be other causes Fyrst lest he in slepe turne hym on the arme that is let blud and therby hurt hym The .ii. is lest the humours by slepe flowe to the peynful meÌ„bre by reason of the incision so brede an impostume For GaleÌ„ saith that if
whan the blud is vaporous Thirdly whan it is hotte For subtile blud of whiche natural blud spiritis be engeÌ„dred resteth in the arterie but grosse blud that norisheth the meÌ„bres resteth in the veynes Lyke wyse vaporous blud is coÌ„teyned in the arterie sanguine blud in the veynes Also the hottest blud whiche of the harte the hottest meÌ„bre is engeÌ„dred digested is coÌ„teyned in the arterie the other bâ—d iÌ„ the veynes SecoÌ„dly note the veynes are opend in many meÌ„bres somtyme in the arme or in the great haÌ„de or small somtyme iÌ„ the fote somtym◠〈…〉 nose in the forheed in the lyppes somtyme vnder the tonge or iÌ„ the ruffe of the mouthe somtyme in the corners of the eies toward the forheed FroÌ„ the arme pyt to the elbowe are .v. veynes to be opend as Rasis Auicen say One is called cephalica whiche is the heed veyne the .ii. is called basilica whiche is the liuer veyne The .iii. is mediana or cardiana or nigra after Auicen or matrix after Rasis The .iiii. is assellaris The .v. is funis brachii In the lesse haÌ„de is saluatella so that in the arme in that it coÌ„teyneth the more and lesse haÌ„de are .vi. veynes to be opeÌ„d Cephalica empteth the partis aboue the necke and therfore to open hit is good for diseasis of the heed the megrym other hotte grefes or caused of hotte mattier This veyne begynneth at the shulder goth forth toward the lyft syde of the arme Basilica empteth the partes vnder the necke as froÌ„ the breaste lyuer and therfore lettyng blud of this veyne is holsome for diseases of the breast lyuer and right good in a pluresy This veyne begynneth at the arme hole and goth aloÌ„ge to the bowyng of the arme Mediana is betwene these .ii. said veines is coÌ„pact of them both for it is the braÌ„che of eche And it is eke median in vacuation for it voydeth froÌ„ al about vnder froÌ„ aboue the necke Wherfore it is the vniuersall veyne to all the body in voydyng nat vniuersall as some say bicause it begynneth at the 〈◊〉 â–ª but bicause it is the braÌ„che of cephalica and basilica Therfore if ye wold let cephalica blud and it appereth nat ye shuld rather take mediana thaâ— â—ica And like wise if ye wold let basilica blud it appereth nat ye shulde rather minishe mediana than cephalica for it agreeth better to bothe than one of them with the other Saluatella is the veyne betwene the myddell and rynge fynger more declynyng to the myddell fynger Hit begynneth of basilica This veyne is opend in the right haÌ„de for opilacion of the lyuer and in the lyft haÌ„de for opilacioÌ„ of the splene There is no reason why it shuld be so as Auicen sayth but experieÌ„ce whiche Galen fouÌ„de by a dreame as he sayth He had one in cure whose lyuer splene were stopte and he dreamed to let hym blud of this veyne so he dyd and cured the pacient This veyne is let blud puttyng the haÌ„de in warme water to engros and dilate it bicause it is subtile and that the gashe shulde nat close to soone and to make the grosse blud thynne Assellaris is vnder basilica and appereth iÌ„ byndyng the arme and like iugemeÌ„t is of it as of basilica Funis brachii is ouer cephalica orels the hyndermost bone and is of one iugemeÌ„t with cephalica Therfore as AuiceÌ„ Galen say though in openyng of veynes be vniuersal vacuacion of all the body yet nat froÌ„ al veynes egally nor like ieoê‘dy is nat in all For Rasis sayth cephalica is the surer basilica more to be feared and cardiaca is to feare but nat so moche as basilica Cephalica is surest for there is neyther senow 〈…〉 aboue nor dnder hit but vnder cardiaca is a â—owe and vpper aboue it is a subtile senowe therfore hit is to feare lest it shuld be cutte Basilica is 〈◊〉 ieoê‘dous for vnder it is an artery nere 〈◊〉 â—now a muscul Saluatella is nat ieoê‘dous and therfore the bett to open it it wold be put in warme water In the fote be .iii. veynes sciatica sophena the haÌ„me veyne These be opend whan we woll draw the blud to the lower ê‘tis as in prouokyng meÌ„struosite and the haÌ„me veyne is better than sophena or sciatica for it is nerer the matrice Sophena draweth blud froÌ„ the yard coddis matrice and sciatica froÌ„ the ancles raynes and other meÌ„bres toward mans lyft side sophena froÌ„ the matrice meÌ„bres there about tho they be branches of one veyne In the myddis of the forheed is a veyne whiche is opend for old diseasis of the face as morpheu drie scurfe scabbe for disesis of the eies but fyrst cephalica must be minished There is like wise a veyne in the nose in openyng of eche the necke must be bouÌ„de one opend after an other by byndyng the necke they wyl better appere There be veynes in the lippes whiche be opend for iÌ„postumes iÌ„ the mouthe or goÌ„mes but cephalica is first minished The .4 veines iÌ„ the ruffe of the mouth opeÌ„d auayle agaynst reumes flowyng to the tethe causyng them to ake These veynes apere playnly must be opeÌ„d whaÌ„ the mattier is digested There be veynes iÌ„ the corners of the eies toward the forhed they be opeÌ„d for disesis of the eies cephalica fyrst minished Also there be veynes vnder â—he tonge whiche are let blud for the swynalâ— â—ephalica fyrst minished The veynes in the timpuâ—s be let blud for the megrym and for great 〈◊〉 heed ache And those be the veynes that Hippoâ— Galen call iuueniles the incision of whiche maketh a maÌ„ vnable to get children Also iÌ„ the necke be veynes called guides whiche must be opend in the begynnyng of lepre and specially for stoppyng of the wynd pipes in the swynacy whiche letteth one to drawe his breath Si dolor est capitis ex potu limpha bibatur Ex potu nimio nam febris acuta creatur Si vertex capitis vel frons estu tribulentur Timpora fronsque simul moderate sepe fricentur Morella cocta necnon calidaque lauentur Here thauctor noteth .ii. thynges Fyrst A medicine for the heedach caused by driÌ„kyng if heedache come by to moche dryÌ„kyng specially of wyne or of any other dryÌ„ke that maketh folkes droÌ„ke one must drynke cold wat vpoÌ„ it whiche with it coldnes ingrosseth the fumes lifted vp letteth them to hurt the brayne The .ii. is that if the toppe of the heed or forheed be greued with to moche hete than the tympuls shulde be moderately chafed after washed with warme water that moderwort is sodde in for motherworte is colde and cooleth Temporis estiui ieiunia corpora siceant Quolibet in mense confert vomitus quoque purgat Humores nocuos stomachi lauant ambitus omnis Ver autumnus hyems estas dominatur