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A36116 A Discourse upon usury, or, Lending money for increase (occasioned by Mr. David Jones's late farewel sermon) proving by undeniable arguments the lawfulness thereof and answering the plausible objections from Scripture, councils, and fathers against it / published at the request of several judicious and sober Christians for the information and satisfaction of all such as have or may be concerned in the matter of so general and weighty importance. 1692 (1692) Wing D1629; ESTC R14405 16,114 42

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Usury only forbids taking more than so much in the Hundred therefore there is no pleading the lawfulness of Usury from the Law Answ Which I take to be a very weak Argument and that it has little force in it the Judges in Law and Equity I suppose are best able to determine what the Law allows as to this Matter when so many Judgments are given every Term as well in Equity as in Law That the Plaintiffs shall not only have their Money but Interest also which if the Law did not allow and approve as just the Judges would not thus determine Put case there were a Law that no Landlord should take above so much Rent for Houses in such a place or of such or such Dimensions would it hence follow the Law doth not allow or approve of taking any Rent at all I doubt this would be but a weak Inference and the other is no better Now supposing the taking of Increase for lending Money be lawful in its own Nature to Christians which I hope has been sufficiently proved the next thing to be considered is Whether it be convenient that is whether the allowance of a moderate Increase be good for the Nation in general or not or whether it would be better for the Nation that no such Increase were allowed to be given or taken I have hinted something already of the Benefit to the Commonwealth that comes by allowance of Interest in making Goods cheaper I shall now in a few Particulars shew some further Advantages thereof to the Kingdom which are never like to be obtained by a Prohibition of all Interest As First Were it not for the Allowance of a moderate Increase for lending Money thousands that want would never be accommodated which now are Secondly Though most that lend should do it freely yet they that borrow of them would in this way be liable to several Inconveniencies which may be as prejudicial to them if not more than paying Interest as thus Suppose a Man wants a Sum of Money his Friend tells him he will lend him freely for such a time perhaps 3 or 6 Months but if he does not repay it again by that time he shall be much injured for the want of it the Borrower promises to repay it accordingly but so it happens when the time comes he cannot do it This occasions a Quarrel it may be a Suit between the Lender and him the Lender saith he is damnified and ought to have Damage-money given him for I find some Anti-usurers themselves do allow that Damage-money ought to be given the Lender in such Cases Now who shall be Judge of the Quantity of Damage-money and whether the Damage-money and Charges about it in many Cases if not in most may not exceed a moderate Interest for the Money during the whole time it was lent Especially considering that the Controversie in adjusting the Proportion of Damage-money may also it self occasion a Law-suit though the Principal should not Thirdly This is another Inconveniency People that lend freely for the most part will not lend their Money for so long a time as the generality of Borrowers need it and the Calling in of Money exactly at the times of Payment may prove to their greater prejudice in some Circumstances than paying Interest for all the time But now when Money is lent upon moderate Increase the Interest-Money goes on though the Day of Payment be past this is a great Motive to the Lender to continue the Money as the Borrowers Occasions require Fourthly By borrowing freely I lay a needless Obligation upon my self to lend as much Money to the Lender or to be Surety for him another time either of which in some Circumstances which he or I may be then in may be very ensnaring and dangerous to me Again how many Children are sent up out of the Countries every day to be Apprentices in Cities and Towns and the Parents and Friends of most of them it may be with difficulty find Money to put them out to Apprentice but can give them no Stock to set up their Trades yet many of these having been observed to be diligent and careful during their Apprenticeship have been Encouraged to set up when out of their Times and Monies offered them upon paying moderate Interest to enable them so to do and this has been the raising of many Persons I may say multitudes which otherwise must have lived Journey-men or Servants Again How many Gentlemen are there who have Estates in Land and but little Money that have Daughters to dispose in Marriage whose Advancements are successfully promoted by borrowing Money at Interest upon their Father's Estates which otherwise could not be effected Again what more promotes the Trade and Merchandize of the Nation than the frequent Lending and Borrowing of Money for Money is as requisite to be pass'd too and fro for the maintaining of Trade as the Circulation of the Blood and Spirits is for the preserving of Health in the Body as all that have Judgment and Experience in those Affairs know very well Now what either equal or probable way is there to furnish such Sums as the Cases of greater Dealers require without paying Interest for it And therefore by the way I see not but that the Trade or Employment of Banking it self is very Convenient if not necessary for the present accommodation of Merchants and other considerable Traders upon several Important Occasions And therefore I think that upbraiding Reflexion which Mr. Jones has quoted from Bishop Sanderson namely That a Man should be born for nothing else but to tell out Money and to take in Paper is but weakly grounded for those are but the Instrumental and Subservient part of their main Business which is or may be the convenient helping and supplying of other Men's Affairs and getting reasonable Advantage to themselves And if this be a necessary and useful Calling to a Trading Nation why is it not as lawful to be telling Money for that purpose as to be buying selling and turning over Goods for as long a time It is true Christ drave the Exchangers out of the Temple so he did the Sellers of Doves but he condemned neither of the Callings as unlawful in themselves but because of the unsuitableness of the Place For it seems there were Bankers of Exchangers in Christ's Time which he himself alludes to when he Censures the slothful Servant for not putting his Talent to such that so Christ might have had his own again with Usury What need I say more It is Increase for Money that Encourages to lend for Supplying the present Necessities of the Government and will the better enable to furnish Moneys for the further Supplies of it when they shall be call'd for Now let any man prove if he can that so many good Effects would proceed from a total Prohibition of all Increase for Lending and whether any suppose Prejudice or Mischief that may come to a Borrower by paying Interest can or