table so that there commeth out of the inner table certayne lytle pieces whyche do prycke the ryme called dura mater Accidentes Whiche prickyng hath euyl accidentes folowynge as apoplexia vertigo and greate astonisshement of the membres and sometyme losse of speache wyth manye other euyll accidentes whyche fewe escape excepte they ben succoured with handie worke and the bone taken awaye that hurtethe the sayd pannicle Lykewyse the bone of the heade is broken by cuttynge thynges as swerdes ce and by poynted thynges as by a darte c. Here you shal note that sometymes it chauncethe that the sculle is broken by a bruse and not the skynne and that in rype age Certes in chyldren of two or three yeres of age we haue seen the bone bowed wyth the skynne as a vessell of thynne brasse is easely thruste in with a mans fynger howbeit in the cyrcuite of the bruse in the ouerparte we haue seen some cracke whereof we wyll make a peculier chapytre Furtheremore we haue seen the inner table of the sculle to be opened by the waye of contusyon or brusyng as by a gonne and yet the fyrste table was hole ☜ And thus we maye conclude that the inner table of the sculle maye be broken and opened without breakynge of the outwarde The breakinge of the sculle is knowen by vomitynge Sygnes of breakynge of the sculle whyche happenethe incontinentlye after the stroke and the patient thynketh that he seeth manye candelles and is deesie in the heade and often fallethe doune Whan thies accidentes happeÌ„ at the begynnynge of a wounde in the head they proue playnely that the sculle is broken The later doctours assygne manye accidentes in the breakynge of the sculle cheyfely Guido and Arzelata whyche deceyue the Chirurgiens oftentymes The sayde doctours allege ix tokens namely that the patyente canne not see lyght that he canne not breake the knotte of a strawe betwene hys teethe also that he canne not abyde the pluckyng of a knottie chorde frome betwene hys teethe and other thynges whyche we for cause of breuiete passeouer The former accidentes assygned by auncient doctours chaunce all or moste parte of them in a notable breakynge of the sculle the fyrst daye whereof great quantitie of bloode felle vpon the ryme called dura mater And yf the sayde breakynge of the sculle be wyth the hurte of the pannicles of the braine and of the substauÌ„ce of the same the foresayd accideÌ„tes namely apoplexia scotoma vertigo and astonyshment of membres wyth a continuall fyeuer and colde chaunce infallybly yea and bloode also yssueth out of the nose eares And wheÌ„ the stroke is great it semeth that the substauÌ„ce of the brayne coÌ„meth out of the wounde Note also that as Cornelius Celsus sayeth the foresayd accidentes happen somtyme in wouÌ„des of the head though the sculle be not broken For wheÌ„ some veyne is cut by some coÌ„myssure there entreth a certayn quaÌ„titie of bloode vp on dura mater coÌ„geleth corrupteth so that it bryngeth the sayde accidentes with great payne causeth the patieÌ„t to dye But this later case happeneth not often We haue sene the sayd accideÌ„tes to happen in the fyrst dayes somtymes a good whyle after the breakinge of the sculle that when the bloode that is fallen vpon dura mater coÌ„meth to putrifaction which thyng is true wheÌ„ the bloode is in lytle quantitie when the breach was but lytle Neuertheles as we sayd before when the breache is great the forsayd sygnes ether all or parte happeÌ„ the fyrst dayes at the lest wythin seuen dayes in the sommer or ten in the wynter A litle breach But yf the breache be lytle namely after the bygnes of an heere but very lytle bloode descendeth vpon dura mater we saye that the sayd accidentes sygnes wrytten by Guydo and Petre de Arzilata happen not It foloweth then that the sculle may be broken and yet the sayd accideÌ„tes chauÌ„ce not at the begynning but a good whyle after the stroke they wyl appeare And we haue sene that these accidentes haue chaunced slowly by lytle and lytle so that vnexperte chirurgiens haue thought that those accideÌ„tes proceded of some other cause then of the wounde Howe to know the brekyng of the sculle wherfore that ye may haue knowlege of euery breach howe lytle so euer it be as Auicenne Cornelius Celsus saye you must consyder the stryker and the thynge wherwyth he stroke And also whether the stroke came from afarre or nyghe or froÌ„ aboue or whether it was done by anger by a cuttyng thynge brusynge or poynted or whether he that stroke were not holden of them that stode by whether the man that was stricken was bare headed or couered by such discrete inquisition ye maye haue knowlege of the breache wherfore yf a man be greuously stryckeÌ„ and some of the sayd sygnes folowe though the chyncke or ryft be not founde in that place where the skynne is rased awaye ye shall coÌ„sydre whether ther be any swellyng or softnes in some other place and open it yf perchauÌ„ce the cut bone may be founde For yf the broken bone be not eased it causeth greuous apostematioÌ„s whiche afterwarde can not be cured wyth out greater payne of the patient then he shulde haue had at the fyrst And the sayd doctour affyrmeth that some tymes the wounde is in one syde and the breach in an other wherfore in euery stroke in whyche breakynge of the sculle is feared it is a moost sure waye to open the place largely For the skynne is sone healed agayne The same doctour sayth moreouer that for the serchynge out of a priuie chyncke or ryft it is conuenient to laye blacke ynke vpon the skulle and then to take it awaye wyth a conuenient instrument For the ynke entreth into the clefte or chyncke and there remayneth blacke Dinus also sayeth that when ye haue layed yncke vpon the bone ye muste not cease to remoue it vntyll no appearaunce remayne of the same Seynge that we haue declared the signes and the accidentes of a broken sculle it resteth that we declare the cure therof by haÌ„dy operation as briefly as we can The cure of a broken sculle maye be Cure accomplished two maner of wayes namely by the waye of incision or eleuation of the bone by the waye of exiccation and incarnation Fyrst to come to handye operation we saye that wheÌ„ a chirurgien is called for the cure of a broken sculle there is no surer operation theÌ„ to enlarge the wounde with a sharpe raser Make incisioÌ„ crossewyse or thre corner wyse vntyll ye maye se the brokeÌ„ bone playnly And in the tyme of incision ye shall seperate wyth your nayles the pannicle called pericraneuÌ„ that the sayd pannicle be not hurte by touchynge and rubbynge of the instrumentes of yron For the rubbynge of the sayd paÌ„nicle as Corneliê° Celsus wytnesseth causeth greate paynes inflammations and fieuers After thys incision the
to purge the same wyth coÌ„uenient medicine The thyrde is to take away the matter conioyncte by application of agreable thynges vpon the aposteme The .iiij. inteÌ„tioÌ„ is to correct the accideÌ„ts The fyrst intention is accoÌ„plyshed by the administration of good meates drynkes ¶ The patient therfore muste vse meates that engendre good subtyle bloode as veale kyddes flesh mutton of a yeare olde hennes pertriges chyckens faisantes byrdes lyuynge in bushes and trees He muste abstaine from water foule such as haue great bodyes as cranes geese bittardes suche lyke For they engendre grosse melancholyke bloode ye may seeth in the broth of the forsayde fleshe herbes that engeÌ„dre good subtyle bloode as laictuce borage buglosse endiuie persely in smal quaÌ„tite Lykewyse ye may gyue the patient potage made of wheate or ryse sodden with the foresaid fleshe In lyke maner al brothes made with borage ben good in this case He must abstaine from all poulse that engendre grosse melancholyke bloode as peasen beanes lentyles c. Also from marryshe fyshes and feÌ„nie and drye oystres and all other fyshe excepte them that haue redde coloure and them that lyue amonge stones as perches and other lyuynge in stones or rockes of the See which ben of a bright colour and haue lytle bodyes neuertheles creuises ben permyted Fynally he muste forbeare all meates that engendre grosse blood as beefe porcke c. Ye maye moreouer gyue to the patient meane wyne well delayed and it ought to be whyte and of good odoure The patient must not vse to great exercyse and watchinges Brefly let hym lyue moderately in all thynges For as we haue sayd there is nothynge better then to lyue honestly and merely The seconde intention whych is to digeste the matter antecedent is accoÌ„plyshed in vsynge thys dygestiue Syrupe â„ž of syrupe de duabus radicibus of hony of roses strayned of syrupe of vynaygre called acetosus symplex ana â„¥ ss of the water of fumiterre buglosse ana â„¥ i. After that the patieÌ„t hath vsed this syrupe the space of .viij. or .x. dayes let him be purged with thys purgation â„ž of diacatholicon Purgation of cassia ana Ê’ ss of agaryke in trocisques of diaphinicon ana Ê’ i. ss wyth the decoctioÌ„ of epithymuÌ„ sene polipodie hertes toÌ„ge of cordial floures and frutes make a smal potion addynge of syrupe of violettes â„¥ i. and. ss Item it is good to vse these pylles after that the patient hath vsed the foresayd digestiue â„ž of agarike in trocisques Ê’ ss of pylles aggregatiue of pylles called fetyde the greater ana ℈ i. meÌ„gle them make .v. pilles with aqua vite In this case we haue fouÌ„de it good to vse thys electuary folowynge Electuary â„ž of agaryke in trocisques â„¥ i. of turbith preparate Ê’ ij of the coddes of sene of epythymuÌ„ ana Ê’ i. of the spyces of diarodon abbatis Ê’ iij. of mirobolanes calied kebuli emblici bellirici ana Ê’ i. make an electuarye in morselles wyth sufficient suggre The patieÌ„t must vse thys electuarye ones a weke takynge in the mornynge the quaÌ„titie of a nut and that after digestion ☞ Note that in thys case the phisition muste not be contented to vse one or two purgations but muste renue the same beware that he gyue no stroÌ„ge purgation Mesue sayeth folowynge Galene that it is a poynt of a wyse phisition not to purge exquisitly in melancholyke grosse matter but euer moderatly to procede by lytle lytle The same doctour sayeth also that it is a generall rule in melancholyke dyseases not to purge ones or twyse onely but oftner by interpositioÌ„ of tyme by moderat medicines that nature may rule the euacuatioÌ„ not contrary wyse the euacuation nature Pylles lazulus Pilles of the stone called Lazulus in thys case ben praysed of doctours The thyrd intention whyche is to take away the matter coÌ„ioynt shal be accoÌ„plyshed in layeng vpoÌ„ the aposteme resolutiue medicines hauynge vertue to mollifye coÌ„forte the sore place as Auicenne testifyeth The reason is bycause that yf we proceded in thys case only with thynges mollifycatiue there shulde be daunger lest the moystnesse myght brynge the aposteme to a caÌ„ker Lykewyse yf we shuld procede with thinges pure resolutiue ther myght ensue dauÌ„ger of resoluyng the subtyle matter the grosse remaynynge turnynge to lapidifycation or stonines Wherfore to auoyde these accidentes it is better to vse remedyes hauyng vertue resolutiue with some mollifycation coÌ„fortation of the place then to vse thynges of one only vertue And Arzi a man of great authorite sayeth that to procede with one inteÌ„tion without errour shulde be very hard Wherfore those medicines ben better that haue two effectes that is to saye to resolue to molifye with some lytle repercussion at the begynnynge and in the encrease as thys cerote vndre wrytteÌ„ Cerote both resolutiue mollitiue whych he must vse from the begynning of sephiros to the encrease â„ž of the rootes of holihocke li. i. and. ss of quinces hole fenugreke lynsede ana mÌ„ i. when they ben al sodden in water cutte onely the rootes of holihocke and strayne theÌ„ and to that that is strayned adde of oyle of camomille dille roses ana â„¥ ij of the marye of the legges of a calfe of duckes grese ana â„¥ i. and. ss of the oile of swete almandes Ê’ x. make a softe cerote with sufficient whyte waxe Thys cerote is a sure medicine in this case it resolueth by lytle and lytle and mollifyeth and comforteth the sore place as it appeareth to hym that consydereth the ingredientes Another remedye for the same intention â„ž of the floure of barley beanes and wheate ana â„¥ iiij of camomil of mellitote well staÌ„ped of fyne braÌ„ne ana mÌ„ ss of lensede and fenugreke wel brayed ana â„¥ i. make a styffe playster at the fyear wyth the decoction aforesayde in the fyrst ordination wyth as muche sodden wyne called sapa as the decoction is addynge in the ende of the decoction of oyle of camomill and dil ana â„¥ ij of oyle of roses â„¥ i. and. ss of calues and wethers tallowe ana â„¥ iij. of buttyre â„¥ i. When thys aposteme is in the state ye maye vse thys cerote â„ž of the rootes of holihocke .li. i. of the rootes of buglosse â„¥ ij of the rootes of flouredelis â„¥ ss of lillye rootes â„¥ iiij seeth them all in sufficient water theÌ„ stampe them strayne them adde to the straynynge of oyle of camomill and dill ana â„¥ ij ss of oyle of lillies of oyle of agrippa of Dialthea ana â„¥ vi of Isopus humida of isopê° of the cerote of Galene ana Ê’ x. of whyte diaquiloÌ„ â„¥ iij. make a soft cerote wyth whyte waxe and yf you wyll haue it of greater resolution adde of armoniake dyssolued in vynegre Ê’ iij. in the ende of the decoction We
swerdes c. Some by brusynge thynges as by staues stones c. Some by poynted thynges as by a darte an arowe and lyke Furthermore solution of continuitie in the flesh as the doctours say maye be restored by the waye of the fyrst intention but that that is in the bone can not be restored Porus sarcoidis but by the waye of the seconde intention that is to saye per porum sarcoidem Neuerthelesse the bones of yonge chyldren may be restored by the waye of the fyrste intention for two causes Fyrst bycause of the tendernesse of the bone Secondly bycause of the vertu of seede remaynynge yet in the membres of yonge chyldren Some doctours saye that the sinnowes the veynes and the arteries can not be restored by the way of the fyrst intention but by the way of the second intention as bones be Some saye that thys is true onely in arteries whiche thynge Galene wytnesseth sayinge manye haue thought that it is impossyble that the substaunce of an arterie shulde be consounded and theyr probation rested in consyderation and experyence The consyderation was that one of the skynnes of an arterie semeth to be grystellye for grystels and extremities of bones cā not be consounded neyther receyue incarnation The experience was that they neuer sawe an arterie to haue receyued incarnation Arteries may be consoūded But Galene reproueth theyr opynion sayinge that arteries ben incarned bothe by reason and experience By experience for we see sayth he often the arteries that ben vnder the veyne called basilica in the temples and in the legges to be consounded By reason it maye this be proued The bones receyue not consolidation bycause they be harde in an extreme degree But the arteryes being of a meane substaūce betwene a bone and flesh maye receyue incarnatiō by the way of the fyrst intention But before we come to the vniuersall curation of woundes it is expedyent The fyrst doctrine to be obserued in curyng of woūdes that we declare certayne doctrynes touchynge the cure of woundes Fyrst whan ye begynne to cure a depe wounde ye shal put your finger into it to assay whether there be any parte of the bone separated Yf there be you must drawe it out softlye for otherwyse you can neuer come to the true cure Secondly yf there chaunce greate affluence of bloude in the hurt place incontinently you shal staūche the bloude accordyng to the doctrine wrytten in a propre Chapitre of the cure of the fluxe of bloude Whan blood ought to be stopped But yf the bloode be not in greate abundaunce ye shall not staunche it which thyng is approued by Auicenne sayinge that yf the blood runne not to abundantly it is good to kepe the wounde frō apostemyng from oppilations and fieuers wherfore we maye conclude that bloode cōmyng in a small quantitie ought not to be restrayned But yf it runne abundauntly ye shall stop it for bloode is the treasure of lyfe The thyrde doctryne is that the lyppes of a grene wounde muste be sewed togyther incontinentlye that they be not altred by the ayre Also ye must take good hede that thycke and congeled bloode remayne not wythin the wound for it may cause payn and putrefaction and hyndre incartion The fourthe is that you must beware that no heer nor vnctuous thīg nor dust entre into the borders or lippes of the wounde For these thinges let true consolidation Howbeit whā the wounde is depe it is verye good to leaue an hole in the lower parte of it to put into the same a tent rolled in a digestiue of yolkes of egges and terebentine It is profytable for two causes Fyrst to purge the moysture and fylth commyng out of the depth of the wounde Secondly to appayse payne and to kepe the place from apostemation For the mattier that myght cause an aposteme is purged by the sayde hole The fyft doctrine is that after the vnition of the sondred partes by a cōuenyent seame Whan the poynts of the seame must be remoued the poyntes of the sayde seame be taken away after the syxt daye althoughe Arzilata commaundeth to leaue thē .x. dayes For the flowe remouynge of the poyntes causeth manye euyll accidentes as fylth engendred within them payne apostemation wherfore it is more cōuenyent to remoue thē the thyrd the fyfth or at the leest the syxt daye and in stede of them ye shall retayne the borders of the wounde by the admynystration of a pece encolled Enrolled what it is rede the .vi. cha of this boke of woundes wherof we wyl speake in the chaptre of woūdes of the face But to come to the curation of flesshie woundes we saye that therevnto there bene foure intentions requyred The fyrst is accomplyshed by ordynaunce of lyfe or diete The secōde by purgation of the body The thirde by application of sondrye remedyes vpon the sore place The fourthe by defending accidentes that they come not and by remouynge those that be come Concernynge the fyrst intention which is kepyng of diete Diete yf the patient be choleryke or sanguyne it is necessary that he eate no flesh nor drink wyne vnto the fourthe or seuenthe daye Also he must abstayne frō meates that engendre great abundaunce of bloude But flegmatike and melācholyke persons may eate fleshe and drynke wyne namelye at the begynnynge wherfore these chirurgiens the commaunde a strayte diete to all patientes as though they had a contynuall fieuer do euyll and vnlernedly For wine gyuen in due tyme to woūded men as the Philosophers saye furthereth moche the generacyon of flesshe in flesshye woundes wherfore the excellent doctour Arnolde de villa noua sayeth that a spedye consolidation of a wounde chaunceth not but by pure bloude wythoute watrynesse wherfore in this case what thyng is worse than to defraude nature of bloude by the meanes wherof that Wyne to a wounded that is lost is restored and that that is sondred is vnyed and conioyned and the wounde that is hollowe is fylled with flesh Yea we saye wyth Galene that wyne is cōuenyent to anye wounded man For whan it is dronken it engendreth good bloude and whan it is layed vpon the wound it dryeth and mundifyeth it whyche thynges ben requisyte in this case And it is as it were the artifycer of nature And therfore we saye whatsoeuer other thynke that the tru cure of woundes consysteth in two thynges Fyrst in hym that quykneth and mortifyeth all thynges Secondly in nature And nature can not worke ryghtly without the noryshmente of of good bloode neyther in great nor in lytle woundes wherfore we must conclude that meates which engendre good bloude maye be gyuen to wounded men that nature maye be able to engendre the lost substaunce for the consolidation of the wounde who is ygnoraunt that that medycine is not conuenient nor restoreth flesh which drieth humiditie notably and gyueth moysture to drye places cooleth superfluous heate and heateth colde partes
in the hynder They that are in the hynder parte ben more daungerous then the other for many causes namely bycause of the multitude of greate veynes and arteries that passe by the lengthe of the backe and also for the multitude of the synnowes whyche descende from the nuke and moreouer bycause of the lygamentes whych haue coniunction wyth the harte and bycause also that the pannicle called Mediastinum and the mydryffe ben nyghe to that parte Sometyme a wounde in the sayde parte thoughe it be not penetraunte or persynge is deadlye But it is not mortall or deadlye in the former parte yf it perse not wythin the breste The sygnes of the penetration or persynge of suche a wounde wythout the hurte of the inner membres bene these Ayer cōmeth out of the wounde the patiente hathe greate payne to breathe and felethe griefe in the sore place wyth ponderositie or heuynes chyefelye aboute the small rybbes You maye moreouer knowe whether the wounde persethe by the applycation of coton well toosed vpon the orifyce of the wounde and by the holdynge of a lytle candell burnynge nyghe to the wounde for the flame thereof shal be moued and lykewyse the coton yf the patiente holde hys breathe stoppynge hys mouthe and nostrelles The sygnes also by whyche you shal knowe whether the harte be hurte ben these there issueth oute of the wounde blacke bloode the extreme partes bene colde and death foloweth incontinently after For Auicēne sayth that the harte can not endure solution of continuitie without the approchynge of death Sygnes of the woūdyng of lunges The sygnes that chaunce when the lunges bene hurte are these effusion of bloode full of fome continuall coughe dyfficultie of breathynge and payne of the rybbes Midriffe The sygnes that declare the midryffe to be hurte Mediastinū or the pannicle called Mediastinum bene these dyfficultie to fetche breathe continuall coughynge sharpe pryckynges in the sore place heuynes of the sayd place and perturbation of reason whych can be restored by no medicine and moreouer the patiente fyndethe hym selfe worse and worse euerye daye and wyth fieuers Also you maye knowe the putrefaction of the bloode in the inner parte Sygnes of putrifyed bloode by the stynckynge of the patientes breathe by the continual inquietnesse of the patient and by the increasynge of the fieuer and other euyll accidentes afore rehersed Galene sayeth yf bloode be shedde in to the belly besyde nature it commeth necessarely to putrefaction When it is putrefyed it is wonte to engendre greate paynes fieuers and heuynes of the place wherfore we affyrme that the sayd accidentes chaunce accordynge to the quantitie of rotten bloode in the inner parte Nowe that we haue knowlege of woundes percynge and of the hurte of the inner membres it remayneth that we come to the curation of the same whether they bene persynge or not But before we speake of the curation we wyll declare the dyscorde that is betwene the doctours of thys tyme concernynge the same There ben many that commaunde to shutte incontinently the penetraunt wounde and to procede wyth desiccatiue thynges aswell wythin as wyth out to cause incarnation sayenge that yf the sayd wounde be not shutte the ayer wol entre in vnto the harte more ouer that the vitall spirites woll issue out by the wounde whyche thynge myghte hurte the patient Agayne many ben of a contrary opinion and commaunde to kepe the wounde open And yf the wounde be not large they saye it must be enlarged that the blood maye issue out affyrmynge that yf the bloode whyche is in the inner parte yssue not out by the orifyce of the woūd it maye engendre many euyll accidentes and corrupte the inner membres Wherfore to auoyde suche accidentes they commaunde to kepe the wounde open Vigo hys iugement In my iudgement they whyche cōmaūde to kepe the woūde open maynteyne a surer opinion then the other for many reasons Fyrste bycause of the commune bruyte For yf the patient shulde dye the people wolde say that the retaynynge of bloode caused hys deathe whyche is true Lykewyse bycause the bloode beynge retayned causeth some fistula and other accidētes whych brynge the patient to death To come to the curation we saye that the curation of a wounde penitraunt is accomplyshed by foure intentions The cure The fyrst is ordinaunce of diete The seconde euacuation of matter antecedent The thyrde purgation of the blood whych is entred in to the inner parte The fourth mundifycation of quytture cause by the sayde bloode and after mundification incarnation of the place Touchynge the fyrste and the seconde intention ye shall procede as it is declared in the former chapitres excepte that yf the patiēt be very weake and hath euel accidentes as soūdyng in such case you may gyue hym wyne and other thynges that comforte nature Furthermore bycause that difficultie of breathynge happeneth to the patiente ye shall gyue hym meates sodden with rootes of perseley and fenell And for the comfortation of hys harte and stomake ye maye mengle wyth the meates of the patient a lytle cinnamome and saffran Item it is very profytable to vse often at the begynnynge A decoction that helpeth breathynge thys decoction whyche helpeth respiration or breathynge and kepeth of catarrhous matter whyche happeneth in the sore places ℞ of cleane barley m̄ i. of the rootes of langdebeefe ℥ ij of cleane liquerice somewhat stamped ʒ x. of the commune seedes ℥ i. of iuiubes and rasines ana ʒ x. of penidies ℥ ij ss of suggre cādy of syrupe de duabus radicibus ʒ x. of fyne suggre ℥ iij. Let them boyle altogether wyth suffycient rayne water vntyll the barley breake thē strayne them Let the patiēt vse here of as we haue sayd for it is merueylous good Prouided alwayes that the patiente haue conuenient digestiues and purgations accordynge to the qualitie of the humour as is afore declared Item seuen or eyght dayes after the woūde besyde the meates declared ye may gyue the patient fleshe and wyne of good odour mengled wyth sodden water of the decoctiō of cinnamome and coriandre Yf the patient haue a fieuer he must eate the fleshe of chyckens and hennes kyddes flesh and veale boyled wyth perseley and altered wyth the foresayde thynges Lykewyse you shall procede when you wyll purge the quytture of the inner parte Also you maye gyue the patient potage made of the brothe of the foresayd fleshe with perseley buglosse borage laictuce and beetes It is good for the wounde for the breath and for the taste and engendreth good bloode When you wyll mundifye the wounde and drye vp the quytture thē the sayde fleshe is better rosted thē boyled Also byrdes that lyue in woodes and meddowes maye well be suffered but not waterfoule Item there bene some whyche commende that the patient vse stiptike meates but not at the begynnynge but when the bloode and quytture are purged For yf you gyue them at
the euyl complexiō of the vlcered perticule Hote cōplexiō For an hote euyl cōplexiō of the vlcered place is knowen by the rednes inflāmation and outward heate of the place and of the partes there about and by the runnyng out of thyn quytture hauinge a redde yelowe or grene coloure A colde complexion is knowen Colde by the blewnes or palenes of the membre wyth whytenes softnes coldnes of the place by grosse slymye and vndigested quytture and wyth watry substance wythout all bytynge and burnyng The signes of an euyl moyst complextion are these The membre is sorte and loose Moyst and full of superfluous moysture These thynges declare a drye complexion drynes Drye hardnes roughnes and thinnes of quytture As touching putrefaction we say that some putrefaction is done alredy some is to be done That whych is done is ambulatyue or walkynge that whyche is to be done continueth styll in hys owne kynde The signes of putrefaction that shall ensue are knowen by alteration of the membres by chaunginge the colour of the sayd vlcers that is to saye by the blacke blewe or grenyshe coloure of the vlcered membre The signes of putrefaction alredy done Signes of putrefaction is euyll colour of the vlcered place and whan the sayde place is depriued vtterly of al felyng though the place shuld be cut or haue bytynge thynges applied therupon An vlcere ambulatiue is sone knowē by enlargynge of the place Further a rounde and fistulare figure resisteth true curinge bycause that the quytture can not issue out but is constrayned to tary in the botome of the vlcers and bycause it remayneth in the botome of the vlcers more thē reason is it receaueth venemenes whych produceth holownes in the vlcers and weakneth the said partes through the weakenes of the mēber the superfluities of the hole membre ben ariued to the vlcered place In like maner the subtilenes of the quytture hyndreth curation for towchyng the partes of the vlcers it maketh a depe holownes throughe hys percyng and through hys moysture it maketh the fleshe softe readye to receaue putrefaction For thynges that come to putrefaction haue parte of moystnes whyche maketh them soft Item the grossenes of the quytture hyndreth curation of vlcers bycause that throughe hys slymynes it cleaueth to the poores and bicause it tarieth to longe in the sayde vlcers it receaueth an euyll qualitie for that that is touched of a rotten thynge rotteth Item the sharpnes of quytture bytynge corosion of the same hyndreth consolidation bycause it consumeth the natural moysture of the mēbre whych shuld be the cause to ioyne together the sondred partes The bloode that is not in due quātitie hindreth curation for the abūdans therof choketh natural heate the wante therof causeth that the vlcered member hathe not hys nouryshmente and nature is deceaued of her purpose bicause it hath not mattier to engender newe fleshe Item the euyll complexiō of the vlcered place letteth curation as well by heate as by coldnes as well by moysture as by drynes whether it be simple or cōpoūde material or not material The reason is bicause that when the complexion of the membre is hurte it must nedes be that the other naturall vertues of the membre be diminished or corrupted for the complexiō of the membre is the hande maide of the natural vertues and helpeth to turne the nourishment in to the substance of the mēbres and conueyeth awaye the noysome superfluities Itē there be some accidētes which hynder curation amonge whyche is immoderate fluxe of blood by which the mattier whereof the newe fleshe shulde be engendred and the spirites is taken awaye or diminished Furthermore paynfulnes weakeneth the hole body the vlcered membres and causeth that the humours arryue to the vlcered place in greate abundans whyche hindreth the cure Also an aposteme whych is a disease compounde of thre thynges namely of euyl complexion euyl compositiō and solution of continuitie hyndreth the cure for sondrye dyseases vexe and greue nature more then one In lyke maner the superfluitie of harde and skalye fleshe gendred in the borders of the vlceres lette the matter to be sente of nature for the generation of fleshe in the same for it can not passe by the poores nor accomplyshe hys naturall operation The addition also of fleshe resysteth curation Moreouer softe fleshe corrosion and putrefaction hyndreth curation bycause that thorough those thynges the matter sente of nature to engender fleshe is altered and so can not do hys kyndelye operation and thus the substaunce of the member is corrupted These thynges before alleged are the causes whyche hyndre the curation of vlceres Nowe we wyll brieflye speake of thynges Remotion of the sayd causes whyche haue vertue to take awaye the forsayde causes Fyrste yf the fygure be fystulare or holowe it muste be destroyed as it shal be declared here after in the chapiter of the cure of fystules and yf it can not be then ye muste fynde a meane to purge the matter before it receaue euyll qualitie in the botome of the vlceres Yf the sayde quytture be subtyle and moyste for rottynge mollifyenge the substaunce of the member ye muste procede to the curation wyth thynges desiccatiue accordynge to the great or small moysture of the sayde vlcere that putrefaction maye be resysted and the straunge moysture consumed Yf the quytture be grosse and slymye cleuynge to the botome of the vlceres and hyndrynge the nouryshmente of the place ye muste remoue it from the vlcered partes as well from the botome as from the borders therof Yf the quytture be sharpe and corrosiue ye muste rectifye the same by thynges whyche haue power to resyste sharpenes and corrosion And when the bloode is in to greate quantitie ye shall diminishe it by cuttynge a veyne yf it be in to smal quātitie ye shal gyue the patient meates of great nouryshement that engendre good bloode Yf the bloode be euyl in qualitie ye muste rectifye it by thynges contrarye to the sayde qualitie as yf it be to hote by colde thynges yf it be to moyst by drye thynges Yf there chaunce fluxe of bloode in the vlceres ye shall drawe the same to the contrarye partes by the cuttyng of a veyne by ventoūs and lyke thynges Yf ther be great paynfulnes ye shall take awaye the cause therof and comforte the vlcered place Yf the fleshe of the vlceres be to soft ye muste take away the straunge or vnnaturall moysture Yf there be superfluous fleshe the same muste be remoued and yf it be harde and shelly ye shall applye there vnto thynges resolutiue and linitiue and yf it resysteth resolution ye muste cut it awaye Yf ther be apostemation ye muste consume the matter by resolution yf it be vndigest ye must prepare it to digestion yf the cause come by corrosion ye shall turne awaye the matter antecedente and remoue the matter conioyncte Yf the
made wyth the leaues of myrte willowes sumach roses and a lytle vinegre and salte is praysed of the doctours Some haue thought it good to anoynte the bodye wyth oyle of wylde cucumer Finallye the patient muste watche much and must vse electuaries of trifera the lesse or electuarye of lachar c. ¶ A chapter of a member or bodye extenuate or thynned THoroughe the defaute of the vertue attractiue and assimilatiue and by slender meates and seasynge from excercise and greate thoughte the body is extenuated made leane The cure of thys disease consisteth in two intentions The fyrste is to engender good blood that the vertue attractiue maye drawe it to the member beyng extenuated and that it may nouryshe the same The seconde is to strengthen the retentyue vertue of the mēber that blood beyng drawē and sent therunto may be reteined in the same The fyrste intention whyche is to engender good blood is accomplished by the administration of good diete for as Galene sayeth If ye wyll restore a leane bodye ye shall geue hym grosse and redde wyne and meates of greate nouryshmente Wherefore the diete of them whyche are in consumpsion is conuenient in thys case The seconde intention is accomplished by rubbynges bathes and cerotes The rubbynge of the extenuate members must be vsed nether to soft nor to roughe And after rubbynge the patiente maye conueniently go into a warme bathe Oyles also and cerotes attractiue layed vpon the member are good to drawe nouryshement therunto But for asmuche as the lyuer and veynes are wonte to be stopped by the foresayd thynges therfore ye shall administer thinges that open as capares succurrie asparage lupines c. Lykewyse in thys case the wyne muste not be grosse and sweete tyl the oppilation be remoued but rather thynne and subtile Oximell and waters that prouoke vryne are permitted in thys case Conuenient cerotes to drawe nouryshmente are suche as be made of pytche hote oyles and gummes as thys that foloweth R. of foxe oile of oyle of lillies of the grese of a ducke henne and gose ana ℥ i. ss of shyppe pytche ℥ iii. of greke pytche of rasyn of the pyne terebentyne ana ℥ ii of oyle of euphorbium ℥ ss of oyle of elders ℥ i. of sage of rosemarye an̄ m̄ i. Let them boyle all together and streyne them all and make a styffe cerote with sufficient new waxe which ye shall spreade vpon a lether and lay it vpon the extenuated member Note that rubbyng wyth cloutes must be vsed before the cerote and the bath After that the nourishment is drawē to the mēber it is good to epithime the sayde mēbers with thinges cōfortatiue that the mattier may be reteyned in the mēbers wherof this was wonte to be our ordinaūce R. of roses wormewood sticados nept squinātū maiorū an̄ m̄ ss of rosemarye sage an̄ a lytle camomille m̄ i. seeth them al together wyth sufficient redde wyne tyll the thyrde part be consumed Auicēne saith that it is good to drawe the nourishmēt to the leane mēber by excercising the same carieng some heuy thing therw t by bynding the hole mēber straytlye that the nouryshment may not come therunto but be constrayned to passe to the extenuat member ¶ A Chapter to remoue scarres and roughnes of the skynne SOme auncient doctours saye that Vnguentum citrinū Nicolai remoueth scarres of the face caused thorough a wounde Item oile of the yolkes of Egges laboured in a morter of leade remoueth the roughnes of the face and of the handes and scarres of woundes Vnguentū de tucia of oure description and vnguentum de cerusa sodden and bawme and a sparadrap of oure description made wyth camphore and Tucia amendeth scarres and roughnes of the skynne Furtheremore oyle of elders melted wyth newe waxe and a lytle oyle of wormewoode and a lytle iuyce of a radyshe roote and cumyn and beane floure incorporated after the maner of a cerote and sodden resolueth dead bloode and blacknes of the face and of the eye lyddes in brusyng and stripes Item for the roughnes of the handes and of the face ye shal rubbe thē with almans chewed wyth a lytle lupynes and barley floure Lykewyse the seede of Sisamus chewed wyth nuttes reysons and rubbed vpō the place remoueth blackenes and deade bloode vnder the skynne Oyle of Sisamum is of lyke effecte Furtheremore the roote of a wylde Cucumer stamped wyth honye thynneth a cicatrice and remoueth blacke spottes Fynallye to remoue the roughnes of the skynne ye shall vse thys liniment folowyng ℞ of oyle of swete Almans of oyle of Rooses of euery one ʒ vi of the marye of a calues legge ℥ ss of calues talowe and kyddes talowe of euery one ℥ j. melte them all together and putte them in a holowe rape or in holowe apples and set them in an ouen to boyle and afterwarde stampe thē all together and rubbe the place wyth the sayde rapes or apples for it is a present remedye and also for the chappes of the feete and handes caused of colde ¶ A Chapter of superfluous sweate TO remoue superfluous and stynkynge sweate weakenyng the bodye the doctours thynke conuenient to vse thinges that open and prouoke vryne as is thys decoction folowynge ℞ of annyse ℥ ss of the rotes of asparage bruscus and fenell of euery one m̄ j. of clene liquyrice m̄ ss of the comune seedes somewhat brayed ℥ ij of reysons ℥ j. ss of damaske prumes nomber ten of maidenheare of Cicorie of euerye one m̄ j. ss of the iij. lesse seedes of euerye one ʒ ij of smallage seede ʒ ss lette them seethe together wyth sufficient water tylle the thyrde parte be consumed then streyne them and putte to the streynynge of syrupe de duabus radicibus wythout vynegre ℥ viij of oximell symplex ℥ iij. of whyte sugger .li. j. clarifie them at the fyer agayne and make a longe syrupe wherof the paciente shall vse in the mornynge the space of a weeke and more whyche done ye shall come to retentiues for whych purpose odoriferous wyne of smal strength must be gyuē to the paciēt delaied with water of the floures croppes of mirtilles stilled in a lēbick Item it is very profytable to washe the bodye of the patient two houres before dyner and supper wyth the decoction of mirtilles sumach quynces rosewater sodden wyth equall quantitie of water and wyne and afterwarde ye shall anoynt the body with thys liniment ℞ of oyle of roses omphacyne ℥ iiij of oyle of myrte of oyle of quynces ana ℥ iij. of oyle of mastyke ℥ j. of whyte saunders ʒ vi of water of rooses and plantayne of euery one ℥ iij. of myrobalanes citrynes ʒ ij sethe them all together tyll the water be consumed than streyne them and putte to the streynynge of whyte waxe asmuche as shall suffyce make a lynyment and rubbe the bodye therwyth in the mornyng and at nyght ¶ A Chapter of the stynke of the arme holes FOr the stinke
Aristologia Aristolochia hathe his name of that that it helpeth greatly women in labour for the expulsyon of the secondes There bene two kyndes hereof the male and the female The male is called longe the female rounde The roote of the Female is rounde lyke a rape but the male is an ynche thycke and a span longe Wyllyam Turner a man besydes his other lerning of excellēt knowlege in herbes shewed me that he founde this herbe in Italye with a frute fassyoned lyke a pere And he gaue me seedes to set howbeit they prospered not Aromatike Aromata be spyces of good odour Aromatike is that that hath the nature and qualitie of good spyces Arsenyke Arsenicon is a greke worde and is called in latyne auripigmētū bicause it hath the colour of golde And it is digged oute of mynes and hath vertue to gnawe to bynde to represse It rayseth bladders lyke fyre and fynally it roteth vp heere 's and causeth baldnesse Vigon vseth arsenike and auripigmentū for .ii. thinges whiche difference I fynde not in lerned auncient auctours Aromaticum rosatū Aro ro is a confection made of red roses saunders cinamome c. to comforte the herte and the stomake Arthetica Arthritis is when there is weakenesse in all the ioyntes of the body a noughty humour flowing to the same It is caled podagra whan the humour is in the feete chiragra when it is in the handes Ischia dica or as they call it sciatica whē it is about the huclebone whiche is called ischion in Greke Arterie An arterie is the waye passage or conduyct of the natural spirites as a veyne is the waye of bloode Asa Asa fetida is a stynkynge gumme which heateth vehementlye Asparage Asparagus is an herbe ful of braūches and longe leaues lyke fenell his roote is greate long hauing a būche There bene two kyndes hereof The garden asparage is a good meate for the stomake and looseth the bellye Assignatio Assignatiō appoyntynge Assarum bacchar Some cal assarū wylde spikenarde Some Asarū bacchar It is an herbe of good odour hauynge leaues lyke yuye sauynge that they ben lesse and rounder The floure of this herbe is of purple colour wherin there are seedes lyke the stones of grapes Thys herbe healeth and prouoketh vryne Hermolaus Barbarus teacheth that there is a difference betwene Asarum Bacchar though theyr vertues are lyke Ruellius sayth that Bacchar is called in the countrie our ladyes gloues Aspis Aspis is a venemous serpente whose styngyng bryngeth heuynesse of the heed and slepynesse Attractiue That is called attractiue that hath strength to drawe to a place Attrition Attrition wearynge asondre Augmentation Augmentatio Encrease Atramentum minerale Atramentū minerale or metallicū groweth togyther in mynes of brasse and semeth to be of the nature of brasse It hath the same strength to burne that vitriolle Romayne hath Baurach BAurach is the fome of the salte called nitrum And therefore it is called in Greke Aphronitrum Baucia The later wryters cal pastinacū that is persnepes Bauciam Bedeguar Serapion teacheth that bedeguar is that that Dioscorides calleth spinam albam which groweth in moūtaynes and wooddye places wyth rough and pryckynge leaues purple leaues and an hollowe stalke and whytysh in the toppe wherof it hath a pryckye heed Bechichie Bechichie I thynke they wolde saye Bechie that is agaynst the cough For Bechion sygnifyeth the cough in Greke Ben. Ben. Dioscorides calleth ben balanon myrepsicam and the latynes glādē vnguentariam And the sayde autour teacheth that it is the frute of a tree growynge in Ethiopia Egypt and Aphrica about the bignesse of an hasel nutte which frute being pressed sendeth out a liquour which they vse in precyous oyntmentes Biarbor Loke in vitis alba for the Italiās call vitis alba biarbor Bdelium Bdelium is a lyquoure of a tree of Arabie Bisantia The pandectarie sayth that bizantia is the iuce of herbes that prouoke vryne Blacce bisantie Blatte bisātie ben shel fyshes found in India in waters by whiche spikenarde groweth they eate the spykenarde and therfore haue a pleasaunt and aromaticke odoure The smoke hereof draweth downe the secondes of women and the same rayseth thē vp that haue the fallynge sycknesse The latynes call them vngues odoratos Bolearmenie Bolearmenie is a veyne of red erth founde in armenie Boras Boras other wryte it borax and Plinie sayth that it is a lyquoure in pyttes runnyng by a veyne of golde and by the colde of wynter it is hardened It is called in greke chrysocolla as if you wold saye the glue of gold Bozomus This worde Bozomus is found in no good auctour that euer I chaunced to see Bromus in greke signifieth the corne which we call Otes let the reader iudge whether Vigon vse bozomus for bromus Bruscus Some thynke that Bruscus is a wilde myrt It hath leaues prycking in the ende and a frute lyke cheryes The latynes call it ruscum In some places they make besommes of it to swepe pauementes I founde it Englysshed in an olde wrytten boke litholme Some call it gueholme Bubon Bubon is a swellynge in the kernelles In the pestilence it is wonte to appeare in the necke in the flankes and vnder the armehooles CAncrena Gangrena is whan some parte of the body through gret inflāmation dieth but is not yet perfitly deed when it is perfytelye deed and without felynge it is called sphacelos in Greke whiche they haue turned to ascachillos sideratio in latyne Some saye that gangrena is whan a membre is apte to putrefye Ascachillos when it is putrifyed but hathe not al partes of putrefaction Esthiomenos when a membre hath all degrees of putrefaction Camphore Camphora or as some wryte it caphura is a gumme of red coloure spottie And it is cold and dry in the thyrd degree It stoppeth blood with vynegre and defendeth hote apostemes c. Cantharides Cantharides are certayne as it were flyes of sondry colour of longe bodyes hauynge yolowe and croked strakes on theyr wynges They haue strength to drawe heate to the ouermost part of the bodye and to blystre Capsula cordis Capsula cordis called pericardion in Greke is the skynne that couereth the herte the skaberde or sheth of the herte Caput monachi Caput monachi soundeth a monkes heed and it is thought to be the herbe which the Grecians call buphthalmon that is oxe eye and whyche we call mayweede Carduus benedictus Carduus benedictus Hieromye Tragus sayeth that they are disceyued whiche thynke that car bene is groundeswel or housleke and he iudgeth it to be carduus which is a thistell bearynge floures somwhat redder than purple Some cal it wolfethystell Cassia Cassia fistularis or nigra is a frute longe rounde hollowe conteynynge in it a liquour rongeled which is deuyded by certayne spaces as it were with thyn peces of wood it purgeth boylyng colere There groweth an other cassia in Arabie of colour lyke coral of a pleasaunt odour it is called cōmenly
tre whych disperse themselues into sundrie places as to the botome of the stomake to the gutte duodenum to the gutte called ieiunuÌ„ Meseraice rectuÌ„ which beyng deuided in to soÌ„dry parties ben called veynes Meseraice Chylus And the office of them is to carye the iuyce of digested meate called chylus in to the veynes of the lyuer and the great veyne called porta wyth hys rootes diuidethe the sayde good iuyce thorowe all the lyuer Of whyche substaunce or iuyce bloode is produced and getteth redde coulour wythin the sayd veynes Also out of the gibbosyte or bouÌ„ch of the liuer Concaua chilis there issueth a veyne called concaua or chilis which with his rotes which ben many lytle veynes procedyng out of the same coÌ„ueyeth and distributeth the bloode thorowe all the partes of the body In whych the thirde digestion is ended Furthermore as Galene reciteth there bene thre substaunces created in the liuer two superfluous and one natural as in new wyne there ben thre substauÌ„ces the wyne the fome and the lies The fome of bloud is cholere the lyes melancholie ¶ The guttes THe guttes bene sixe in nombre of whyche the three vpper bene small Guttes the three beneth the nauel bene great compouned of two tunicles Of whych one is within another wtout That wtin is very viscous slymye or clammysh that it shuld not be lyghtly hurted by the superfluites passyng that waye The fyrste of the small guttes is it that is ioyned to the botome of the stomacke and is called portanariuÌ„ PortanariuÌ„ or duodenum It is called portanariuÌ„ bycause superfluites passe by it as by a porte or gate and duodenuÌ„ bicause it is twelue fingers longe Ieiunum The seconde is called ieiunum or the greedie gutte And in that ther ben more orifices or mouthes than in other which giue nourishment to the liuer these two guttes lye streighte after the leÌ„gth of the body The third and laste of the smal guttes is called InuolutuÌ„ Inuolutum bycause it hathe many inuolutions inwrappynges before it come to the gutte called Intestinum rectuÌ„ And these ben as it were of the same quantitie wyth the gutte called DuodenuÌ„ The fyrst of the great guttes is called Monoculum Monoculum bicause it hathe but one entrauÌ„ce as it were in to a purse by which that that goeth in in one hour coÌ„meth out agayne in another it is set on the righte syde Colon. The seconde is called Colon situated towarde the riÈt side is stretched out a long the bellye tyl it come to the lyft side The third is called IntestinuÌ„ rectuÌ„ Intestinum rectum And the office of it is to receaue the superfluites or excrementes of other guttes And it is more larg thaÌ„ thother And in the ende of it is the passage of all the superfluites of the body called anus or the arse hole in which ther is a muscle which retayneth the excremeÌ„tes tyl a maÌ„ lust to auoyde the same And in the vtter moost parte of the arse hole ther ben fyue veynes ordeyned to pourge the melancholyke bloude of al the body called themorrodial veynes ¶ Of the milt or splene Mylt THe mylt is a longe membre hauyng the fygure of a swynes tonge The situation of it is in the left syde of the belly wyth certayne ligamentes by whiche it is ioyned of one syde with the stomake and of the other syde wyth the false rybbes And oute of the sayde mylte there growe 2. lytle pores of whiche one commeth to the stomake to conduict melancholye to the mouthe of the same which styrreth vp appetite And the other pore commeth to the lyuer to receyue melancholye of the same ¶ Of the bladder of gall called Cistis fellis THe blader of the gall is called Cistis fellis Cistis fellis and cleaueth to the liuer in the vpper parte hauyng two coÌ„duictes of whiche one coÌ„meth to the concauitie or holownesse of the lyuer and receyueth choler from the same whan the creation of bloude is perfect And the other cometh to the botome of the stomake and to the greate guttes The sayde paÌ„nycle is coÌ„pouned of a synnowe an arterye and a veyne And it is pryncipallye ordeyned to clense the bloude from choler and to sende choler to the botome of the stomacke to styrre vp the vertue attractyue ¶ Of the kydneis THe reynes or kydneis ben sette nigh the liuer Reynes towarde the spoÌ„dyles of which the ryght is situated hygher thaÌ„ the left And there pertayneth to eche of them a pannicle which coÌ„passeth them about and susteyneth them And in that pannicle there groweth a sinnowe oute of the middest of the spondiles or chyne bones called Alkatin And the sayde kydneys haue also a ligamente growinge oute of the sayde spondyles And the flesshe of them is firme and sounde that the vryne shulde not fret away the skynne which continually descendeth through them The veynes of the kydneis procede from the veyne called Chilis with the whiche the pores of vrine be ioyned which ben holowe and by theyr concauitie or holownesse the vrine passeth into the bladder And at the entraunce of the blader the sayde pores ioyne them selues togyther MesenteriuÌ„ ¶ Of Mesenterium THe substaunce of MesenteriuÌ„ is coÌ„pouned of pannicles chordes and ligamentes And it is ordayned of nature to bynde the guttes as it is necessary Further it is coÌ„pouned of fatte substaunce and nature hath produced that fat that the guttes shulde not be hurted with the bones of the spondyles And it was also ordeyned of nature to susteyne the veines called mesaraice And they ben called mesaraiques of this paÌ„nicle Mesenterium Furthermore it is fat soft and kernellish that through the moysture of the fat it myght make the guttes slypperye for the better passage of the superfluities The ouer parte is kernellysh where oftentymes a quantitie of melancholy assembleth bycause it is nygh the milt And this melancholy is called Melancholia Mirachia ¶ Of zirbus or the caule zirbus THe laste of the membres called conteyned is zirbus whiche is a pannicle compouned of two thynne tunicles of dyuerse arteryes veynes and fatte in good quantitie It couereth the stomake and the guttes it kepeth in the heate of them defendeth outwarde colde as Galene declareth And after the sentence of MoÌ„dine it hath his generacyon of a fleshy paÌ„nicle whiche cleaueth to the backe about the mydriffe Therfore it is like that whan this pannicle is broken chefely in the nether parte it coÌ„meth lyghtly to putrifaction by reason of his fat Therfore when it issueth out by some stroke it is discretely done to cutte the altered parte to cauterize the cutte that the fluxe of bloud folowe not ¶ The .xi. and .xii. chapter of the Anathomye of Siphac and of the two didymes and of the stoones AFter that we haue declared the membres called conteyned we wyll
as we sayd of the thirde payre and partelye to the muscles of the Epiglotte and it lyfteth vp the grystelles of the Epiglotte so that it appeareth in the myddest of the neck chefely in men And whan these synnowes haue passed the Epiglot ther procede from them braunches ascendyng vp which shut the entraunce of the pype called Fistula cimbalaris Fistula cimbalaris or soundyng pype and they bene called Nerui reuersiui or retournynge synnowes and they serue to fourme the voyce And afterwarde the sayde braunches descende by the breste to the herte and the longes The seuenth payre of synnowes proceadeth oute of the hyndre parte of the brayne which commeth to the rootes of the tounge and ioyneth it selfe with the muscles of the same Neuerthelesse Auicēna sayeth that it groweth from betwene the nuke and the hyndre part of the heed which space is called Terminus cōmunis bycause it is commune to the hyndre part of the necke Terminus cōmunis and to the brayne Oute of whyche procede two lytle braunches which ioyne them selues with the muscles of the necke And to ende this Chaptre he sayeth that of the seuen synnowes aboue sayde there ben two whyche growe out of the fore parte of the brayne and four out of the hyndre parte and one oute of the space called Terminus communis ¶ The seconde boke entitled of Apostemes ¶ The fyrste Chapter is of an Aposteme called Flegmon and of the kyndes thereof Of the diffinition of an Aposteme how manye wayes Flegmon maye chaunce to mans bodye FLegmon is an hot aposteme engēdred of bloud with gret payne Flegmon and greate burnyng pulsatiō tention rednesse with inflation and inflāmatiō of the places lying about the aposteme And oftētymes it hath parte of choleryke mattier and it is harde and whā it is touched it hath great resystence vnder the fynger excepte it be rotted and that part of the noughtye matter be issued And of this Aposteme ther ben two kyndes that is a true Flegmon and an vntrue Two sortes of flegmons The true is engendred of naturall and good bloud And the vntrue is of thre sortes accordynge to the .iii. humours which ben mēgled with bloude Howebeit after Auicēna one only humour produceth not an Aposteme but an Aposteme taketh hys name of the humoure whereof he hath moost as we shall declare hereafter Yf the bloud be mengled with choler so that the bloode surmounte the cholere Flegmō herisipelades the Aposteme is called Flegmon herisipelades And yf the blood be mēgled wyth flegme so that the fleame surmoūte the Aposteme is called vndimia Phlegmonides Vndimia And yf the bloode be mengled wyth Melancholie so that the Melancholie preuayle the Aposteme is called Sephyros Flegmonides Sephiros If cholere surmounte the bloode the Aposteme shal be called Heresipelas Flegmonides and so forthe of other commixtions For the humour hauing domination beareth the name And to knowe the better what an Aposteme is we muste begynne at the definityon folowynge Cicero whyche saythe that euerye thynge that we purpose to speake of muste begynne wyth a definityon Definityon after the Phylosophers is an oratyon or speache by the meanes whereof a man maye knowe what the essence or beynge of euery thynge is Aposteme An Aposteme is a disease compouned of three sondrye thynges gathered together in one place that is to saye an euyll complexion of humours of euyll composityon that is to wete inflatyon or swellynge and solutyon of continuite For the Aposteme that commeth not to solution of cōtinuite is not a perfaicte Aposteme Galene saythe that an Aposteme is a dysease chaungynge the membre frome hys naturall qualyte in to another qualyte contrarye to the sayde membre namelye in complectyon composityon and solutyon of continuite And Haliabas saythe that an Aposteme is a swellynge besyde nature in whyche some fyllyng and stretchyng mattier is gathered together Foure tymes in an Aposteme And before we procede anye furthere it is necessarye to speake of the tymes of Apostemes whyche ben diuided in to foure partes the begynnyng the augmentatyon the state and declination The begynnynge is knowen by the fyrste assemblaunce of mattyer in to some place of the bodye The augmentatyon is knowen by the encreasyng and payne of the Aposteme The state is knowen by thys that the payne and the accidens encrease not nor diminische but contynue in great vehementie The declinatyon is knowen by the diminischynge of the accidentes and decrease of the payne of the patient And euery one of thies tymes may haue three partes For an exemple the augmentatyon hath begynnyng a myddele and an ende of increasynge and so lykewyse in all other diseases A Flegmon maye chaunce for we promysed to speake thereof two maner of wayes The cause of Flegmon The fyrste is of cause primityue the other of cause antecedent or goynge before Primityue cause The primityue is in three sortes The fyrste is incisyon or vlceratyon the seconde rupture or breaking and the thyrde vlceres or sores beynge in some sensyble membre And bycause of hys sensibilyte or perfecte felynge it hathe great payne and drawethe humours whyche cause an Aposteme And the sore membre sendethe the mattyer to the emunctoryes or clensynge vessels The cause antecedente is dyuerse Antecedente cause as the repletyon of humours and euyll composityon and qualyte of the same Euerye Aposteme is ended or healed by foure sortes and maners Foure maners of healynge Apostemes Firste by the waye of resolutyon Secondly by suppuratyon thyrdly by putrefactyō fourthely by induration of the fyrst maner Auicenne wytnesseth sayinge ye knowe that that is resolued c. and the same doctour sayeth that pulsatiō begynneth whā the Aposteme encreaseth and inflammation whan the Aposteme diminissheth Rasis is not of thys opinyon nether Galene whyche sayeth that the diminution of the payne of the pulsation and of the inflammation sygnifye the diminution of the Aposteme Signes of resolution Thies sygnes declare true resolutyon of an hote Aposteme And we muste note after the wordes of Auicenna Pulsation that whan he sayth pulsation we muste not vnderstande pulsatyon pulsant or beatynge but a certayne pulsation whych is in humours whā they chaunge and comme to putrefaction and to the proportion of vapoures whyche cause a pulsatyon prurityue that is to say itchyng cheiflye in hote Apostemes Wherefore we conclude that Auicenna vndrestode not pulsation of Arteries caused by heate nether pulsation inflammatyue that is to saye caused by inflammatyon of humours and suppuratiō of the same otherwyse he shulde seme to speake agaynste hymselfe For he sayeth in another place whan thou shalt se great pulsation wyth prolonged hardnes knowe that the Aposteme commethe to rypenes and suppuration Lykewyse Auicenna declareth the seconde termination of Apostemes sayinge Tu scis illud quod suppuratur c. Also he declareth the thyrde termination sayinge ye knowe whan an Aposteme commethe
god be praysed and thanked ¶ The fourth Chaptre of Herisipelas WE haue declared in the former chapitres of Phlegmon what it is what maner curatiō ther to belongeth In thys present Chapitre we wyll traycte of a choleryke Aposteme called Herisipelas Herisipelas Thys Aposteme is caused of choleryke bloode The sygnes of Herisipelas bene these grefe burnyng and inflammation And they ben wythout great eleuation of the place For the matter is not depe And therfore Anicenne sayeth that true Herisipelas ia a pasiyon of the skynne And this Aposteme is wyth great heate and wyth a greater fyeuer than is in Flegmon neyther is there great pulsation And it is with a pryckynge and bytynge payne and not so extensyue or stretchynge as in Flegmon Herisipelas begynneth oft in the face and sometymes in the nose and spredeth throughout all the face Sometyme it chaunceth in woundes euyll cured or whan the patient wyll not obeye the Chirurgien nor good coūsel The colour of Herisipelas a signe thereof Herisipelas is of red coloure enclynynge somewhat to yellowe And the chefe sygne of Herisipelas is that whā it is pressed down wyth the fynger the rednesse vanyssheth awaye and returneth incontynently The reason is bycause the mattier is subtyle I coulde declare howe manye kyndes of Herisipelas there bene and in what mattiers they are engendred but of the kindes of Apostemes and howe they bene engendred we haue sustyeyently treated in the former Chapter in whiche there are manye poyntes verye profytable for the doctrine of this Chapter and other treatyses of apostemes Thus we ende this Chaptre ¶ The .v. Chaptre of the cure of Herisipelas IN the cure of Herisipelas there bene foure intentiōs requyred The cure of Herisipelas Te fyrst is ordynaunce of lyfe and diete The seconde digestion of the mattier antecedent The thyrde remedye of the mattier conioyncte The fourth correction of the accidēt The fyrst intention is accomplysshed by thynges enclynynge to coldenesse and moystnesse as the ayre meates and drynckes The meate of them whiche haue Herisipelas must be of wheate or of barlye brayed and sodden in water and made wyth almande mylke cōmune seedes and sugre and with no broth of fleshe For they that haue Herisipelas muste auoyde all fatte hote salte and eygre thynges It is very good to abstayne from wyne in this disease Let the pacient vse Laictuce borage gourdes purse lane and other colde thynges engrossynge bloude Furthermore the patient must chose out a colde ayre enclinynge to moystnesse and rectifyed with a decoctiō of the leaues of willowes roses and vyolettes and vineleaues sprinklyng the chambre with this decoction A clistre or kepynge in the chambre the forsayde thynges Lette the patient kepe his bellye souple with thys clystre ℞ of the leaues of mallowes and vyolettes an̄ m̄ .ii. of barlye of branne ana m̄ .i. of the seedes of quinces ʒ ii Let them boyle in suffycyent water to the consumption of the third parte than of the decoction make a clistre adding of oyle of violets ℥ iii. of hony of vio ℥ iii. the yolkes of ii egs a lytle salt Syrupe digest the mattier with this syrupe whyche is for the accomplishment of the seconde intention ℞ of syrupe of vyolettes of roses by infusyon of hoppes An̄ ℥ ss of the water of violets of hoppes an̄ ℥ i. ss mēgle them whan he hath vsed this syrupe foure dayes lette hym be pourged wyth this purgation whyche is the accomplyshment of the thyrde intention Purgatyon ℞ of Cassia of Diaprunis not solutyue Ana ℥ ss of chosen Manna ℥ i. of Reubarbe lythed accordyng to arte ʒ i. make a small potion wyth a decoction of cordyal floures and frutes addynge in the ende of syrupe of vyolettes ℥ i. and. ss You must vnderstande that cuttynge of a veyne is not conuenyente in this case excepte it be Herisipelas Flegmonides that is to saye an Aposteme compouned of Cholere and bloude in whyche Cholere hath domynion And the morowe after that he hathe receyued thys purgation it is a generall rule that he take a lenytiue clistre And afterwarde let the place be Epithemed with this famylyer resolutyue Resolutyue Take the whyte of thre egges of the Oyle of Roses after the descryption of Mesue ℥ ii of Vnguentum Rosarum after the descryption of the sayde Mesue of the iuce of plantayne or Morell Ana ℥ i. of vnguentum Galeni ℥ i. and. ss Lette them be mengled togyther and make a playster wherewyth ye shall playstre the greued place Thys playstre is verye good An other playstre resolutyue for the same intention ℞ of the leaues of Mallowes and Vyolettes and cleane barly Ana. m̄ .i. whan they ben all sodden stampe them and strayne them and putte to the straynynge of the seede of quynces of Mucilage of Psillium Ana ℥ i. ss of Oyle of vyolettes of Oyle of Populeon of Vnguentum Rosarum Ana ℥ i. mengle them and melt the thynges that are to be melted and make an oyntment in a leaden mortare wyth a lyttle whyte waxe This medicine is good in all tymes of this Aposteme An other ℞ of the oyle of vyolettes of the oyle of Roses Ana ℥ i. of Vnguentum Galeni ʒ vi mengle them and make an oyntment in a leden mortare An other playstre for the same intention Take of oyle of Roses of vyolettes Ana ℥ vi the whyte of an egge and mengle them togyther wyth an ounce of the Iuce of Plantayne and wyth cōmune oyle make them after the maner of a Playstre and laye it vpon the Aposteme Item Oyle of Roses is verye good for thys Aposteme And also Vnguentum Rosarum of the description of Mesue is well praysed of the same auctoure and I haue proued it often in my selfe and in other to be ryght good specyallye in thys case of the Herisipelas Otherwyse ye maye make it this Take of the Oyle of Roses of Vnguentum Rosarum and of oyle of Vyolettes of whyte Saundres Ana ʒ ii of the iuce of Plantayne of the iuce of Morell Ana ℥ i. and. ss of the mucilage of Psillium of Mallowes and vyolettes An̄ ℥ iii. Lette them boyle all to the consumption of the mucilage than make a softe cerote wyth suffycient whyte waxe Ye maye applye this cerote at all tymes and it is verye good and proued in thys Aposteme The fourth intention is to correct the accidētes and is thus accomplisshed A very colde oyntment Yf it chaunce that through gret heate the place commeth to vlceratiō as we haue sene ofte and Auicenne sayeth that some tyme thys Aposteme produceth lyttle bladders Than I saye we must applye thys oyntment ℞ of oyle of vyolettes of the oyle of Roses Ana ℥ ii of vnguētum rosarum ℥ i. and. ss of the iuce of Plantayne of the iuce of houseleke Ana ℥ ss of litarge of golde and syluer Ana ʒ x. of Tutia ʒ ii of Cerusse ʒ vi in the composition
haue founde often thys playster to be of souerayne operation to resolue al harde apostemes wyth some mollifycation Also to the same intention we haue proued thys cerote folowyng to be of lyke efficacitie of whych we haue gotē worshyppe and haue profyted poore patientes ℞ of the decoction of mallowes holihock of the rootes of lāge debuefe of fenugreke and lynsede of the sede of quynces of psillium of drye fygges of dates raysins ana asmuch as shall suffyce of lytarge of golde and syluer of calues tallowe cowes tallowe and bores grese ana ℥ iij. of buttyre ʒ x. of duckes grese gose grese capons grese and hēnes grese ana ʒ x. of oyle of camomille dille and lillies ana ℥ ij of oyle of violettes roses and of swete almandes ana ʒ vi make a softe cerote at the fyer styrre it about wyth sufficiēt quantitie of the forsayd decoctiō and wyth whyte waxe Another good playster ℞ of the fatte called ysope of Galenes cerote ℥ iij. of playster of mellilote ℥ iiij of great diaquilon ℥ iij. and. ss of calues tallowe ℥ i. and. ss of the marye of calues legges of hennes grese and duckes grese ana ʒ x. mengle them and make a softe cerote wyth sufficient whyte waxe Also in thys case a playster of melilote of diaquilon magnum of ysope of Galenes cerote bene ryght good in ministrynge them one after another Lykewyse after application of the foresayd playsters and cerotes it shal be good to make embrocation wyth clouttes weted in the foresayde decoction and to laye them on hote For thys euaporatyon before the applyenge of the playster or cerote it preparethe the matter to resolution and maturation The fourth intention whyche is to correcte the accidentes is accomplyshed by the administration of local medicines whyche remoue accidentes namelye payne inflāmation beatynge griefe and pryckyng and appearaūce of veynes full of melancholyke bloode whyche accidētes as we haue shewed in the former chapitre sygnifye the cōmynge of a cankreous matter Item greate hardenes chaunseth in thys aposteme A mollitiue cerote for the mollification whereof we haue vsed thys cerote ℞ of the rootes of Holihockes .li. i. of fenugreke and lynsede of euery one m̄ ij the heade and the fete of a wether two fete of a calfe and halfe hys head bruse them all a lytle and seeth them in suffycient water tyll the bones ben sondered from the fleshe and let the Holihocke onlye be stamped and strayned to the whyche straynynge adde of oyle of lillyes camomill and dille of ysope of Galenes cerote of cleare terebentine of euery one ℥ i. and. ss of hennes grese duckes grese and gose grese of euery one ℥ i. of diaquilon magnum ℥ ij make a softe cerote of all wyth sufficient whyte waxe wyth the forsayde straynynge The sayde cerote is verye good to mollifye all stonye hardnes ☜ But ye muste alwaye foment the place wyth the decoction that remayneth of the forsayde thynges in the cerote namelye wyth clouttes weted in the sayd decoction And yf it chaunce that the aposteme come to quytture ye muste rype the place wyth a playster of marche mallowes wrytten in oure antidotayrie and make incision after the doctrine declared in the chapitre of incision of apostemes in generall And digeste the aposteme mundifye incarne and cicatrise it as it is wrytten in the same chapitre whan it chaunceth that an Aposteme commeth to a cankerdnesse it must be cured after the curation of a canker which we wyll wryte hereafter by the grace of god whose name be praysed ¶ The .x. Chaptre of a canker A Canker as Auicenne sayeth is an Apostem of adust or burnte melancholye through the adustion or burnynge of cholere and not of pure feculent or dreggysh melancholye as Brunus sayeth The melancholy that causeth a canker commeth to adustion two maner of wayes The one is by adustyon of subtyle cholere For whan pure cholere commeth to adustion the subtile parte is resolued and the thycke and erthye remayneth and receyueth a burnte qualitie Melancholye This melancholye is called maligne melancholye procedyng through adustion of cholere Otherwyse melancholye is called aduste whan it procedeth of naturall Melancholye and so cōmeth to adustion And that melancholy commeth to adustion by the cōmixtion of choler with melancholye and of that melancholye aduste a kynde of a Canker is engendered which hathe lytle payne and lytle vlceration The fourme of a canker A canker is at the begynnynge a litle Aposteme and for the most part rounde and somtyme it begynneth throughe a pustle lyke a beane It is harde and of duskyshe colour rounde aboute wyth the appearaūce of veynes full of melancholyke bloude And there bene two kyndes of cākers Two maners of cankers that is to saye a canker vlcered and not vlcered At the begynnynge as Auicenne sayth it is of an hydde and priuye disposition for the most parte at the begynnynge it is to be doubted what it shulde be but afterwarde the sygnes of a cankered aposteme appeare Auicenne teacheth vs in this place how a cāker begynneth and whan it is confyrmed by signes as by grefe .c. And Galene also sayinge we maye haue a reason and waye to knowe a canker as we haue to knowe herbes growynge oute of the ground For whan herbes growe out of the earth and bene small it is harde to knowe them And as these small herbes can not be knowen at the begynnyng by vnexperte gardyners so a canker at the begynnynge is not knowen of an vnlearned Chirurgyen A canker is deuyded after thre maners It is fyrst deuyded after the dyuersitie of the cause For some canker is caused of melancholye whych is adust by adustion of melancholye naturall And it is of slowe vlceraciō of small payne and of smal increasement That that is called of adustiō of cholere is of vehement malyce of great grefe and corrupteth swyftly wherfore Auicenne sayeth that this melancholye burnte by adustyon of choler is more malicious and vehementer than any other kynde of melancholye And that chaunceth by reson of his sharpnesse and caliditie or heate wherfore this melancholye induceth stronger and vehementer accidentes than thother melancholye aduste procedynge of naturall melancholye Moreouer it is deuyded according to the diuersitie of mēbres For one is ēgēdred in soft mēbres as in the flesh an other in meane as in synnowes and ligamentes some in harde membres as in boones and grystles Thyrdly it is deuyded accordynge to the diuersitie of tyme. For one is newe an other olde It is sone knowen whan it is olde by the tyme coloure for it is blewe and blacke and also by the borders whyche ben grosse and harde and by the greatenesse of the place vlcered A canker after the later doctours is only deuyded acordynge to the dyuersitie of kyndes takynge name of hys place For accordyng as it is engendred in sondrye places it receyueth sondrye names As whan it
The seconde chapytre of the fluxe of bloode and of the cure thereof IT is euydent after the doctrine of auncient writers Of the fluxe of bloode that blood floweth out of the veynes thorough two causes The fyrste issuynge commethe by cause primytiue the seconde by cause antecedent The fluxe of blood called Hemoragia proceding thoroughe a cause antecedent Hemoragia maye chaūce thre maner of wayes First by resudatiō or swetynge out of veynes Secondly by openyng of the mouthes of the same Thyrdly by corruption of the veynes caused by some sharpe venimous and bytyng matter But bycause we wyll treate only in this present chapy of the fluxe of bloode that chauncethe in woundes and vlceres we wyll declare the cure thereof as briefely as we canne Fyrst ye shall note that the fluxe of bloode which chaunceth in awounde is great lytle or meane Whan it is lytle or meane it is sone restrayned And it is a sygne that the veynes ben not verie greate If bloode flowe out of the wounde abundauntlye and yf ye perceaue that the wounde is in a place of greate veynes or Arteries than incontinentlye wyth all diligēce ye shall remedye it For as the Philosophers saye bloode is the treasure of lyfe A sygne that the bloode issueth out of an Arterie is thys Signe of arterial bloode the colour is purple and it commethe out by leapes The bloode that commethe out of the veynes is grosser and redder than the bloode of the Arteries and therefore leapeth not Furthere it is to be noted that yf the fluxe of bloode be wyth putrefaction of the wounde and continuethe manye dayes than there is daunger of deathe as we haue seen in lytle fluxes of bloode in the handes fete or armes And Auicenne sayth that yoxyng the crāpe and perturbation of rayson foloweth thys fluxe of bloode As touchynge the bloode fluxe of the inner membres as of the lyuer the lunges the reynes and the blader we wyll not treate of them in thys present chapytre but hereafter particulerly The curation of the fluxe of bloode hathe a double intentyon namelye a particuler and vniuersall The intention vniuersall is accomplisshed by purgation of the bodye and regiment of lyfe whyche maye engrosse blood And more ouer by rubbynges The cure of Hemoragia and dyuersions in the contrarye syde The patyente in thys case shall eate Lentiles Rise Quynces Layctuce Purcelayne breyfely all stiptyke frutes as aygre Pomegranades ce For hys dryncke he shall vse colde water wyth a iuleb of Vyolettes and Roses whyche in thys case is verye good For it engrosseth bloode and altereth humours and quencheth thirst Also water of symple barley is not to be discommended The bodye is dewly emptied in thys case by flebotomie in the contrarye syde hauynge a lytle orifyce or mouthe and made by a diametre as from the ryghthande to the lyfte Phlebotomie But yf the wounde be in the lyfte syde of the head ye shall cutte a veyne of the fote in the same syde And yf it be in the ryght syde ye shall cutte a veyne in the ryght fote after the sentence of Galene and Hypocrates Item thys digestiue is souerayne to alterre Digestiue and engrosse bloode ℞ of syrupe of vyolettes ℥ j. of syrupe of roses ℥ ss of the water of violettes sorell and purcelane Ana ℥ j. mengle them Moreouer cōserua of roses and vyolettes maye be conueniently permytted Dyuersyōs by rubbynges vētosations wythout scarification some tyme wyth scarification muste be practysed in the contrarye syde And incontinently plonge those contrarye partes in hote water and weete the sore membre wyth water and vynegre Lykewyse it is good to laye a ventose vpon the lyuer wythout scarifycation It is profytable also to laye vpō the stones the whyte of an egge Rose water and vynegre wyth a cloute so that it be actually colde The particuler intention of hemoragia of woūdes and vlcers is accōplyshed by the administration of sondrye locale medicynes accordynge to the sondrye intentiōs required in thys case Cōsideratiōs in hemoragia Fyrste you muste consydre whether the wounde out of whyche the bloode runneth be wyth putrefactiō or wtout putrefactiō And yf the woūde be depe wythout putrefaction losse of substaunce than it is expedient to sewe the woūd depely that the sydes maye be ioyned together prouided euer that no congeled blood remayne wythin the wounde Aterwarde immediatly ye shall laye thys poudre vpon it wyth the whyte of an egge ℞ of the floure of beanes and lentyles and of mylle dust Ana ʒ iij. of Sanguinis draconis of frankencense Ana ʒ ij and. Pouder ss of Myrrhe of Aloes Ana ʒ ij of terra sigillata of bole armenie of gypsum Ana ʒ j. ss of hares heare cutte in as small pieces as maye be ʒ vj. of a cobwebbe cutte in pieces ʒ iiij of spong of the see somewhat dryed at the fyer or burnt and brayed ʒ iij. and ss of coralles of all the saunders ana ʒ j. and. ss of the iuyce of the herbe called lingua passerina or knot grasse of the iuyce of conferie Ana ʒ v. of dragagantum braied ʒ iij. the whytes of two newe layed Egges Note that to the sayde whytes of Egges it is sufficient to putte of the fore rehersed poudre ℥ j. of burnt cotton ʒ x. The maner of appliyng thys poudre is thys You muste mengle the sayde poudre wyth the whyte of an Egge and putte thereof wythin and wythout the wounde After thys ye shall fylle the wounde wyth lyntes and stowpes or towe dypped in water and vinegre than lette the woūde be bounde wyth a conuenient maner of byndynge and boulsters whyche thynge is requisite in this case Furtheremore it is a synguler remedie to laye the sayde poudre so prepared vpon the mouthe of the veyne wyth the toppe of the fynger holdyng it a good space vpon the veyne and pressynge it downe by lytle and lytle so that the patiēt be not payned there wyth and incontenently afterwarde lette it be bounde as we haue shewed before For thys thynge is profytable for two purposes Fyrste it kepethe the bloode frome runnynge Secondelye it causethe the bloode that flowethe out of the veyne to congele vpon the mouthe of the same by reason whereof it stoppethe the waye of bloode cheyfely whan the veynes ben smalle Furtheremore sometymes it is necessarye to cutte the veynes and the Arteries that their orifices or mouthes maye be in the depthe of the membre and couered wyth fleshe and by thys meane it is restrayned wythout the mother of bloode The maner of byndyng a veyne Sometymes also it is necessarye to tye the veyne and cheyfely the arterye For whan it is tyed the place is sone incarned The maner to tye it is as it foloweth You muste putte a nedle vndre the veyne wyth a cered threede and drawe it together softly or els ye shall bynde the veyne aboue and tye
the begynnynge ye shall retayne the bloode and the quytture whyche thynge myghte encrease difficultie of breathynge a daungerous thynge in thys case wherfore at the begynnyng ye shal not applye stiptike and clammyshe thynges nether wythin nor wythout Furthermore you maye vse flebotomie in the contrarye parte and scarifycation vpon the botockes and rubbynges and byndynges of the extreme partes to kepe of apostemation at the begynnynge Item it is commendable to vse a clyster hauynge vertue to dyssolue wyndynes and bloode The thyrde intention whych consysteth in purgation of bloode in the inner parte by the mouth of the wouÌ„de shal be accomplyshed as it foloweth Fyrste when the chirurgien commeth to the patiente he muste consyder the sygnes And when he is certayne he muste diligeÌ„tly serche meanes to cause the blood whych is in the inner parte to issue out by the orifyce of the wouÌ„d whych thyng may be brought to passe by conuenient situation of the bodye that is to saye that the heade be layed downewarde the feete beynge raysed vp or that the patientlye vpon a bedde hys heade hangynge downeward leanynge vpon some fourme or stoole lower then the bedde that the blood wyth in maye easely issue out He muste lye thus the fyrst daye For it is good for two causes Fyrst to purge the bloode that is wythin Secondly that bloode other humours the communly chauÌ„ce in woundes fall not into the bodye And the patient muste lye grouelynge asmuche as he can vpon the wounde Some gyue certayne thynges by the mouth to cause the blood to come forth whyche thinge is very commendable so that the medicines be not to sharpe and to stronge Furthermore it is to be noted that if the wouÌ„de be very large so that the spirites come forthe aboundauntly then you muste sewe the sondred partes leauynge an hole beneth that the bloode and quytture maye easelye issue out And after that the bloode is issued and the wounde mundifyed you must begynne to applye tentes of lynte dypped in the whyte of an egge or in wyne And lette the sayde tentes be greate in the outwarde parte that they fall not in or els tye them to a threde that yf they fall in they maye be drawen out agayne Here it is to be noted that ye must not in any wyse laye vpon the wouÌ„de poudre restrictiue as Albucasis sayeth ☜ for it wolde dryue matter towarde the herte or deriue bloode whyche myghte sone choke the patient Item yf ye be sure that there is no bloode entred in by the waye of the wounde then it shall be conuenient that ye sewe the wounde and procede wyth thynges incarnatiue in the fyrst dayes But bycause a man can not haue trewe knowlege at the begynnynge whether the bloode be entred or no it is the surest waye to kepe the orifyce of the wounde open at the begynnynge howe be it the seconde daye ye shall putte in a tente dypped in oyle of roses hote and in a digestiue of terebentyne and a yolke of an egge and a lytle saffran vnto the seuenth daye layenge aboute the wounde a defensiue of oyle of roses of bole armenie and a lytle whyte waxe And for as muche as in the fyrste dayes there happen euell accidentes as payne in the syde Accidentes dyfficultie of breathynge and a greate coughe it is good to applye thys playster folowynge vpoÌ„ the sore syde â„ž of camon il Plâ—yster melilote dille wormewoode ana mÌ„ i. of dryed branne and cersed mÌ„ ij ss of the floure of barley beanes and leÌ„tiles ana .li. ss of roses mÌ„ ss stampe them all and wyth sufficient sodden wyne and a lytle odoriferous wyne by arte and fyer make a styffe playster addynge of oyle of roses â„¥ iiij of camomill dille of euery one â„¥ ij of whyte waxe â„¥ ij and. ss Set the foresayd thynges agayne on the fyer wyth the oyles and the waxe melted and put to in the ende of saffran Ê’ ss This playster as ye may knowe by the symples hath vertue to swage payne and is resolutiue and coÌ„fortatiue and prepareth the bloode the matter to yssue out WheÌ„ the patient is come to the thyrd or fourth daye no euel accident happenynge vnto hym as a spasme tremblynge of the herte and difficultie of breathynge and other lyke and when the patient fyndeth hym selfe in good dysposition a maÌ„ may iudge knowe that the wounde is not mortal Wherfore at the begynnynge vnto the seuenth daye for resolution and purgation of bloode thys poudre wyth hys waters hereafter prepared Poudre maye well be gyuen to the patient â„ž of reubarbe Ê’ ss of madder of mumie of euery one ℈ .i. of terra sigillata ℈ ss of the water of stabious the water of buglosse of the wyne of granades of euery one â„¥ i. Some doctours gyue at the begynnynge potions or drynkes made wyth wyne and hote thinges as cloues and madder whyche thynges maye greatlye hurte the patientes For they cause fieuers and dyfficultie of breathynge Wherfore at the begynnynge pectoral decoctions are better as diadragantum and diapenidium or as thys description A pectoral decoction â„ž of penidies of suggre candye of syrupe of violettes of euerye one â„¥ i. of the nuttes of pyne apples of swete almandes of coÌ„mune seedes of euery one â„¥ iij. of diagragantum â„¥ ss meÌ„gle them and wyth syrupe of violettes make a loch addyng of the iuyce of lyquerice â„¥ ss After that the wounde is come to manyfeste quyture for the mundification and purgatioÌ„ of the same we say that ye muste often washe the wouÌ„de wyth conuenient lotions And though sondrye lotions ben wrytten of the doctours as of Guilhelmus placentinus and other whych are composed wyth wyne and with the decoction of floure delice lupines myrrhe and other hote simples myne opinion is that suche medicines are not coÌ„uenieÌ„t as I haue ofteÌ„ proued for two causes The fyrst is the inflammation of the foresayde thynges The seconde is bycause that when bloode putrefyeth greate heate alwaye happeneth Wherfore to muÌ„difie the quytture and to take awaye the euell complexioÌ„ of the place it is a more sure waye to procede wyth thys lotion A lotion â„ž of cleane barley of lentyles ana â„¥ ij of roses mÌ„ ss of the herbe called horsetayle mÌ„ i. let them boyle wyth water of plantayne and rayne water and a lytle wyne of granades vnto the consumption of the thyrde parte and adde of redde suggre â„¥ ij of syrupe of roses by infusion â„¥ iij. of saffran ℈ ss The quantitie of water muste be fyue pounde whyche muste boyle tyll it come to thre Ye shal wash the wounde here wyth all and bynde it coÌ„ueniently so procede vntyl there issue out matter lyke cleare water when the patient hath vsed the sayd lotion and hath no fieuer and when the wounde is rectifyed and the quytture mundifyed then ye maye adde to the former decoction of honye of roses â„¥ iij. And when the quytture
is altogether mundifyed then ye maye conuenientlye administer stiptike lotions A stiptike lotion as thys that foloweth ℞ of roses of the floures of pomegranades called balaustie of the croppes of brambles called cyme rubi of myrtilles of sumach of euery one m̄ i. of hypoquistidos of myrobalane cytrine ana ʒ ij of hony of roses ℥ ij let them boyle wyth water of plantayne wyne of pomegranades in sufficient quantitie vnto the consumption of the thyrde parte Let thys decoction be spouted into the wounde that perseth wyth a syrynge For so Auicenne teacheth Item in the same tyme yf the patient be not troubled wyth the coughe and the quytture dryed or mundifyed consoundyng and stiptike thynges are permitted to be receaued by the mouth in a liquide forme or in meates as terra sigillata wyth the iuyce of quinces sumach hypoquistidos roses floures of granades c. Galene affyrmeth the same wyth lyke wordes Furthermore we wyll descrybe a playster abstersiue and mundifycatiue whyche shal serue for those intentions when nede shall requyre ℞ of hony of roses strayned Playster ℥ ij of cleare terebentyne ℥ iiij of the iuyce of smalage ℥ i. Let them boyle altogether a lytle and take them from the fyer and forthwith adde the yolkes of two egges of wheate floure well cersed ℥ ij of the floure of fenugreke and barley of euery one ʒ ij of saffran ℈ .i. For the same intention ye maye applye our cerote wrytten in the chapitre of the cure of the sculle beynge brused It is more attractiue thē this plaister When the intention is to consoūde and to drye you may vse a cerote of minium descrybed in the foresayde chapitre Item yf the sayde wounde resyst greatlye true curation and endureth longe tyme ye maye knowe that the sayde wounde is turned to a fistula whyche receaueth seldome trewe curation howe be it we haue healed many whyche hadde fistules and dydde caste out quytture longe tyme by the orifyce of the wounde after thys sorte The cure of a fystle in the breste Fyrst we washed the wounde with thys decoction Decoction ℞ of honye of roses strayned ℥ iiij of the croppes of brambles of the leaues of wylde olyues of euery one m̄ i. of balausties of the ryndes of granades of euery one m̄ ss of lentyles asmuche of the herbe called horsetayle in latine cauda equina m̄ i. of saffran ℈ .i. Let these forsayd thynges be boyled in the lye of vynebraunches and fygge tre braunches and a lytle wyne of granades vnto the consumption of the thyrde parte then strayne the sayde decoction and applye it often wythin the wounde After the sayde lotion I vsed vnguentum de minio and I caused the patiente to vse drynkes that drye and purge quytture as is the potion descrybed by Mesue destinctione eleuen where he makethe mention of playsters and oyntmentes and the sayd potiō is called a mixture to heale woūdes The forme there of is thys A potion of Mesue hys description ℞ of cloues of the rootes of motherwurte of pimpernell of camomill of synckfoyle of the herbe of violettes of the herbe of redde coalewurtes of hempe of euerye one m̄ i. of madder to the quantitie of all Let these forsayde thynges be boyled in sufficient quantitie of wyne tyl halfe be consumed then strayne them and adde vnto them as muche of cleare and cleane honye as the thyrde parte of the sayde decoction shall be The dose of it is in the mornynge ℥ iiij wyth water of mayden heere and scabiouse Here ye shall note that yf in the stede of wyne the sayde potion were made wyth water of maydē heere and scabiouse and wyne of granades it myght conueniently be gyuē to the patient in a fieuer And briefely to fynyshe thys chapitre we wyll gyue two doctrines profytable in thys case The fyrste is that when the chirurgien is called he must dresse it as quyckelye as maye be And the chāber muste be very warme and manye hote clothes aboute the wounde lest the ayre enter in and yf it enter that it be hote and not colde The seconde is the chirurgien muste pronosticate accordynge to the signes that he shal see that he maye saue his name Neuertheles the Chirurgien shall not refuse to cure anye hurte of the membres contayned in the inner parte excepte the harte For nature by the Chirurgiens ayde workethe so well that oftentymes it bryngethe that to passe that semed impossyble Thus. c. ¶ The .xj. chapytre of penetraunt or persynge woundes of the bellie Of woundes persyng thorow the bellie THe woundes of the bellie as the Doctours affyrme ben daungerous cheyfely those that persewyth the hurte of the membres cōteyned The woundes of the bellie communely are caused of cuttynge thynges as by a swerde or poynted thynges as wyth a darte c. Whan the Chirurgien is called to the cure he must consyder the place of the wounde and whether the conteyned membres ben hurte or no which thynge maye be knowen by the sygnes that folowe signes of stomake hurte The sygnes that declare the stomake to be hurt are thies the patient spettethe bloode and hys meate commethe out by the wounde That the guttes ben hurte it is knowen by the great payne Of the guttes and torsyon or grypynge of the bellie and whan the superfluites of the meate commeforthe by the mouthe of the wounde Of the small guttes The sygnes that the small guttes ben hurte are knowen by the place where the wounde is namelye whan the wounde is aboue the nauell If the wounde be benethe the nauel it is in greate guttes we haue declared in oure Anatomie howe that there ben three greate guttes and three small of whyche the three greate are vndre the nauell the three smalle aboue the nauell Wherefore by the place of the wounde ye maye knowe what guttes are hurte You maye knowe whan the lyuer is hurte by thys Of the lyuer that the wounde is aboute the false rybbes of the ryght syde and the bloode that issuethe out of the wounde is redde and the patient hathe greate payne frome the sayd rybbes vnto the flanke by cause the bloode is deryued frome the liuer all a longe vnto the grynde Whan the mylte is hurte it is knowen by thys Of the milte that the wounde is betwene the false rybbes of the lyfte syde and the bloode that issuethe out of the wounde is grosse Of kydnes and verye blacke The hurte of the kydnees is knowen by the place whan the wounde is somewhat lower than the nauell and the bloode also that issuethe oute is cleare and watrishe It is to be noted that sometymes the woundes of the bellie not penetrant or persynge ben not wythout daunger of deathe namelye whan they are aboute the nauell wythin three or foure fyngers bycause of the great muscles that are knytte to the nauell Furtheremore the woundes whiche are in the hyndre
sores and they are made of hurdes or of cotton A canulate tente Itē some purge the matter that lyeth in some depe place and therfore they be called purgatiue and they are holowe lyke pypes and bene made some tyme of leed sometyme of quylles and sometyme of syluer and sometyme of leaues of colewurte dryed in the shadowe they are called canulares they be of greate efficacitie in holowe woūdes vlceres chiefly in womās brestes Also a tente of dytanie may be cōueniently administred but aboue all other tentes made of gourdes dryed in the sunne are excellent Some vse tentes of dytanie of the pyth of myllones to kepe the mouth of the woundes open thus we ende thys chapter ¶ The .xxiij. chapter of the maner to sowe woundes Of sowynge of woundes THe chirurgiens vse dyuers maners of seames to ioyne sondrye places together of whych one is called the skynners seame whyche is good in the woūdes of the guttes Ther is an other kynde to ioine together the lyppes of the mouth for other parts in which we feare that they can not be cōserued by reason of the tendernes of the same The threde must be woūde about the nedle as taylours semsters sticke ther nedles in theyr cotes There is moreouer an other kynde whych is cōmen to all other is muche vsed it is after thys sorte Ye muste take the .ij. sydes of the wounde depely or superficially after the qualitie of the woūde dysposition of the mēbres for in fleshy mēbers the woūde beyng depe a depe seame must be made but whē the wounde is in synowy places the seame muste not be depe lest the synowe be prycked And when the seame is made ye must tye the thredes or make a knot cut the sayde threade wythin a fynger breade of the knotte leauynge also the space of a fynger breade betwene poynt poynt so procede sowyng tyl it come to the end of the wounde leaue a mouth in the nether parte of the seame that the matter may be purged therby By the grace of god we wyl speake of thys last seame of the fyrst more playnly in the chap. of woūdes of symple instrumentall membres There be moreouer sondrye kyndes of seames whyche be not vsed at thys tyme bycause they be of smal profyte we wyll ouerpasse them and make an ende of thys chap. for whyche the name of god be praysed ¶ The seconde treatyse of the thyrde boke ¶ The fyrst chap. of brusynge through a fal of the brusyng of the muscyls and attrition of lacertes AFter the doctrine of aūcient later doctours Of cōfusion attrition there is difference betwene fallynge stomblynge lykewyse cōtusion attritiō We wyl speake bryefly of thys differēce Fyrst a fall is to be vnderstande from an hye place and then attrition of many partes is caused in the body Offēsion or stōblyng is whē one hurteth him selfe by occasion of some thynge lyenge in hys way Now I wil declare the differēce of contution attrition whyche is onely in the place A contusion is when hurt happeneth in a fleshie place atrition is in the heades of the lacertes As for the cure of them we wyl speake therof in the next chap. In thys present chap. we wyl make mention of the hurte of inwarde membres also wyll speake somethynge concernynge the cure of cōtusion attrition in the outward part Yf ye perceaue that some bone be broke besyde the attrition ye shall resorte to the chap. whych treat peculiarly therof To come to a certayne doctrine we say that a fal stomblynge are more daūgerous then contusion attrition bycause of the priuie hurt of the inwarde membres as of the guttes of the pannicles of the belly of the ligamētes of the great veynes the small cōteyned in noble mēbers And therfore it chaūseth often that the patiētes dye through fallynge or stomblynge The signes of death in this case are these vometynge bledyng at the nose for then it is a sygne that some veyne is brokē in the heade Sometyme ther chaunseth vomytynge wyth bloode that is a sygne that some veyne is broken in the stomake the lyuer or the mylte And when fluxe of the bely shortenes of breath diminution of the voyce wyth grypynge in the bely and soundynge chaunce the patiēt is nye death And therfore Auicenne sayeth when the patient hath lost hys speche hangeth downe hys heade wyth swete of hys foreheade not beynge able to lyfte it vp then he dyeth forthwyth chiefly when the swete is colde whych thyng is generall as well in stomblynge as in attrition and contusion The same auctour sayeth moreouer that somtimes the lacert of the hart is brokē therfore the patiēt dieth incontinently Furthermore when the vryne is reteyned the excremētes of the bely issue out agaynst the wyl of the patiēt it is sygne of deth The cure of a fal shall be accōplyshed by .iiij. The cure intentions The fyrst is ordinaunce of dyete the .ij. euacuatiō of matters antecedēt turnyng away of the same that it maye not be deryued to the sore place The .iij. is administratiō of local medecines the .iiij. is correction of accidentes The fyrst Dyete that is to say ordinaūce of diete must be slēder at the begynnyng for Auicēne sayeth that we muste gyue but lytle to the patient at the begynnyng or rather nothynge at al the fyrst day wherfore vntil the tyme that we be sure wtout feare of apostemation the patient muste absteyne frō wyue fleshe so that he be not to weake And he muste eate almande mylke with sugger with cōmune sedes or gruell of soddē grated bred And whē .vij. dayes be passed ye shal permyt to the patient a grosser dyete as the broth of cycers rybes that the nutritiue mēbres maye be strēgthned successiuely ye may gyue hī flesh wyne other meates of good nouryshmēt The .ij. ententiō which cōsysteth in euacuatiō of the matter antecedent shal be accōplyshed by .ij. thynges namely by phlebotomy dyuersiue yf it be nedful that is to say by cutting a veine to turne away the matter Purgation by lousynge the belly Fyrst ye may louse the belly with cassia māna diacatholicon or with this potion ℞ of chosen māna of diacassia diacatholicon ana ℥ ss of water of endiue buglosse sorel ana ℥ i. mēgle thē together put to it of syrupe of roses ℥ i. or make it thus R. diacatholicon māna ana ʒ vi of reubarbe ʒ i. with the water of endiue nyghtshade sorell make a small potion Rasis Mesue saye in the chap. of reubarbe that it healeth inwarde breakynges therfore it is a souerayne medecyne in thys case The thyrde intention whych consisteth in the administratiō of local medecines shal be accōplyshed as it foloweth Fyrst yf ye perceaue that
smalnes Lykewyse rotten vlceres differ lytle froÌ„ fylthye Neuerthelesse in this one thynge they differ that somtyme the rotteÌ„ vlcere is ambulatiue or walkynge And therfore this vlcere putrefactiue and ambulatiue is not without a fieuer whyche goeth not from hym tyl the putrefaction and ambulatioÌ„ be remoued wherefore Galene called thys kynde of corosyue vlceration formicam ambulatinam et igneÌ„ persicum And therfore maligne and poysonable vlceres be cured after one maner and lykewyse fylthy and rotten vlceres The causes of maligne and virulent vlceres are wouÌ„des metyng the suê‘fluities of a body full of euyll and superfluous humours or vlceres folowynge euyl pustles or corrupte diete Lykewyse the causes of fylthye and rotten vlceres are apostemes and exitures to rype and caused of grosse somewhat hote humours in whyche also the chirurgien vsed longe tyme mollityue medicines Holowe vlceres are for the mooste parte engendred of a wounde euyl cured or of a greate aposteme broken of it selfe or bicause the incision was verye smal The causes of corosiue vlceres are sharpe and coleryke humours wyth adustynge or brennyng And therfore Auicenne sayeth Virus speakyng of the qualitie of quytture that that which is thyn and subtyle is called Virus and that whyche is grosse and thycke is called fylth The thinne requireth exiccatioÌ„ and the thicke abstersioÌ„ or skowring Virus is engendred of the boylynge of hote humours wyth the watrines of the same Fylth is engendred of superfluitie of colde grosse humours Furthermore of vlceres some be with a spasme some ben painful and some wythout payne some rounde some playne some depe hauynge many holes are called of Cornelius Celsus chyronica Moreouer some be softe some be hard some shelly some there are in which certeyn veynes are swollen through putrefaction and are called Vlcera varicosa of al these kindes we wyl make a ê‘ticuler chapter The vlceres whyche engendre a spasme bycause of their euyll qualities as Auicenne sayth are holow vlceres rotteÌ„ corosiue caÌ„kerous painfull and the vlceres of Argyromater that is to saye of a philosopher that onely healed vlceres of mooste harde curation Lykewyse certeyne vlceres engeÌ„dre spasme bycause of the place as the vlceres whyche be nye the synnowes chiefly those which are in the backe by reason of the nighnes of the nuke and the vlceres whyche bene in the former parte of the knee bycause the lacertes be very synnowie therfore the woundes and vlceres of that place doth sone enduce a spasme and manye other euyll accidentes as we haue declared in the chapiter of the woundes of the sayd place Further ye shall note that the vlceres of synnowie places maye engender thre kyndes of diseases Fyrste yf the mattier ascend or mount toward the brayne it engendreth a spasme or perturbation of reason and yf it goo downe to the nether membres it wil cause a fluxe of bloode wyth quytterouse mattier whych thyng we haue sene to haue often chaunced And yf it come towarde the partes of the middes of the bodye it wyll engender a pleuresye As touching signes AuiceÌ„ne saith that the generatioÌ„ of heare about the wounde whyche heare before dyd fal awaye is a good signe Also whyte quytture thynne equall in colour and substaunce and in lytle quantitie is a signe that the vlceres wyl be easely cured wherfore in euery vlcere ye maye make pronostication of easy or vneasy curation by the coÌ„sideration of the qualitie or quantitie of the quitture It is a laudable quytture whyche is engendred by digestion through natural heat of the meÌ„bre therfore it must be whyte not thycke equall Quytture not laudable is diuers Some is grosse slimye som blackish some venomous som corosiue of reddish coloure And therfore Auicenne sayth there bene vlceres whose rootes are sharpe that is to say the humours of whome suche vlceres are engendred are sharpe hote and bytynge wherefore through theyr sharpnes they are wont to engendre great ytche which manye tymes maketh the place to be vneaselye cured Lykewyse there be some vlcers as the same man sayth from whych ther sweateth out citrine or yelow corruption so that through hys heate it burneth and byteth the partes that lye about the vlcere And these vlcers bene of verye harde curation Further it chaunceth sometyme that euyll colour of bodye as whyte pale or yelowe accompanieth euyl vlcers whiche thynges signifye corruption of the lyuer and corruption of bloode sente from the lyuer to the vlcered place Also melancholyke and harde vlcers of blewe or blackyshe coloure are of harde curation Vlcers moreouer of blacke coloure wythout felynge ben worste of all bycause of their greate putrefaction Also vlcers that haue harde skalye borders or lippes can not be healed except these lippes or skales be remoued with a sharpe medicine The signes whiche are good in vlcers Good signes in vlcers be whan after muÌ„dification the borders of the lippes be whyte the growing of the flesh is lyke the graynes of pomegranades Also whaÌ„ the quytture is white and not thycke engendred by good operation of nature And when the vlcers be touched by a bytynge medicine they cause not so greate payne as when the vlcere is maligne And therefore those chirurgiens are deceaued whiche saye that it is a good signe when thynges abstersiue wyth mordication or byting administred in woundes cause payn thynkyng that it chauÌ„ceth by the reason of good fleshe where in very dede it cometh of the malignitie of the vlcere For good fleshe when it is touched with a byting medicine causeth litle payn And the reason why euyl fleshe feleth more the bytyng of the medicine then the good flesh is thys namely the sensibilitie of a contrary thynge whych is founde alway in a maligne vlcere For paynfulnes is the felynge of a coÌ„trary thynge Seynge then that euyl fleshe is euer paynful therfore byting medicines by the reason of sensibilitie of the euyll fleshe necessarilye cause greater payne in euyl vlcers than in vlcers muÌ„dified from that corrupt fleshe And therfore Auicenne sayeth thus beware in all medicines that ye cause not payne chiefly yf there be an aposte or euyl coÌ„plexion griefe yee it is nedefull that ye remoue the causes whych hynder the healynge of vlcers as thoughe he wolde saye that bytyng medicines ought not to be admistred in anye paynfull vlcere for that shulde adde payne vpon payne yee wheÌ„ the vlcere is apostemous he forbyddeth the washynge wyth wyne or wyth water of alume And these dryeng thinges are much praised of him in dryeng of vlcers to bryng on skyn when the vlcere is muÌ„dified and perfytly incarnated Furthermore the comune practicyeners do approue oure sayeng which do vse alume of roche burned to bryng on skynne and yet it causeth not greate payne but it wold do the crontrarye yf it were applyed vpon euyl fleshe Neuertheles yf the fleshe in the vlcere be rotten or cankerous theÌ„
bycause it hath lytle felyng bytynge medicines layed theron shal cause lytle payne And note that euyll fleshe is more sensible and felynge then good by accidens and that those bodyes are more apte to receaue curation of vlcers whych haue lytle superfluitie with good complexion and good bloode But in moyste bodyes as are the bodyes of women wyth chylde of them that haue the dropsy and of children vlcers are not easely cured bicause of their moystnes Also vlcers whyche succede some disease are of hard curatioÌ„ bicause nature enforseth her selfe to sende the water of the first disease to the seconde as we se daylye in the vlcers caused of the french pockes of whyche we wyll make a treatyse by the grace of god that shal be profitable to the studiouse reader Further concernynge vlcers in sinnowye places when the quytture is good and the vlcere swelleth a lytle about it is a good signe And the sayde vlcere is not redye to cause a spasme nor perturbation of reason nor other euyl accidentes Howebeit yf the said vlcers swell beyonde reason it is no good signe Some vlcers be of euyll complexion whyche must be reduced and rectifyed by their contraryes for the rectification of them Euyll signes in vlcers is the cause of theyr curation Euyll signes of vlcers are when they become drie with out quytture for no reasonable cause and when the vlcers bene swollen a aboute and the same swellynge conueyeth it selfe away without any resonable cause Thys is a signe of death bicause the mattier is drawen into the inwarde parte and by sinnowes mounteth vnto the brayne and causeth a spasme and other euyl accidentes Also Galene sayth that wheÌ„ swellyng hydeth it selfe in vlcers and apostemes the man dyeth Hipocrates affirmeth the same sayeng yf swelling apeare in woundes and vlcers and sodenly vanyshe awaye without reasonable cause it is mortall whan he sayeth wythout reasonable cause he meaneth excepte it be remoued wyth a resolutiue medicine than it is to be feared lest a spasme shal be caused by that mattier For Hypocrates sayeth that a spasme in a wounde or vlcere is mortal And he sayeth moreouer in the same place when swellynges apeare in woundes the patientes suffer not spasme nether waxe madde but wheÌ„ they vanysh awaye the sayd accidentes chaunce to some men Nowe seyng that we haue declared the kyndes of vlcers according to the diuersity of causes and accidentes it is coÌ„uenient that we declare the thynges which hynder the curation of the same And fyrst ye shall knowe that there be two maner causes whyche hynder the saide cure that is to saye causes conioyncte and causes anticedent The causes conioyncte be these that folowe paynefulnes euyll complexion aposteme a corrupted bone the hardnes of the lyppes suê‘fluous fleshe softnes distemperatnes of the vlcere as well in heate as in colde a rounde figure of the vlcere a superficiall and fistulare figure or some other figure The causes antecedeÌ„tes haue euyll humoures in quantitie or qualitie Further we saye that thynges that hyndre consoundyng are of double difference that is to say other they be of the parte of the vlcere or of the part of thynges annexed and ioyned to the same Yf they be of the part of the vlcere they procede of solution of continuite or of quytture as it appeareth by the diffinition of an vlcere The hyndrans caused by solution of continuitie cometh of the figure as roundnes holownesse c. The hyndrance caused by quytture cometh of the substaunce or of the qualitie wheÌ„ it cometh of the substance it is by reason of the subtilenes grossenes slymynes or runninge mattier Yf the hindrance come of the qualitie it is bycause of hys sharpenes his corosion or substance by it selfe or by accideÌ„t and the foresaid causes are nombred with the mattier conioynct The hindrance that cometh by thinges annexed to the vlcers procedeth of a cause materiall or efficiente the materiall is bloode sent to the member for hys nouryshment whyche cannot be chaunged in to good nouryshmente therefore hurtethe the vlcered place as well through hys euyl qualitie as throughe hys quantitie wheÌ„ it hyndreth through hys quantitie it is by abundaunce or insufficient quaÌ„titie and when it hurteth by qualitie it is through euil coÌ„plexion as coldenes heate moystnes drynesse simple or compounde material or not materiall Lykewyse the efficient cause whyche hindreth healynge of vlcers is euil complexion of the vlcered meÌ„bre whyche is contrarye to the natural complexion of the sayd membre And it is called efficient bycause of the actiue qualities which are heate and moystnes the sayd causes ben simple or coÌ„pounde material or not materiall Further if the hyndrance procedeth by thynges contrary to the vlcers whych brynge euyll disposition vnto them eyther they be accidentes or maladyes yf they be accidentes they are paynfulnes c. yf they be maladies they be purgynge of the belly aposteme shelly flesh additioÌ„ of flesh corosion putrefaction and such other maladyes whyche ben annexed to vlcers These are they whyche hynder the ryght curation of vlcers as well by thynges annexed to vlcers as by causes material and efficient The signes of the sayde thnges shal be knowen as it foloweth Fyrste ye shall knowe Signes of abundans of bloode that the bloode is to muche abundaunt in quantitie by the nature of the patient whiche is stronge and fleshye of reddyshe coloure and hath full and large and great veynes and wheÌ„ the quytture of the vlcers is bloodyshe Ye shall knowe that the bloode is diminished in quaÌ„titie by thynges contrarye to the aforesayde that is to saye Sigges of diminition of bloode when the bodie of the patient is leane and thynne when the veynes ben small emptie and than the mattier whyche shulde engender fleshe is not deriued to the vlcered place and the quyture is in small quantitie Further ye shall knowe that the bloode of humours fayle in qualitie by the signes folowing First in heat Qualitie whyche is knowen by the yelowe colour of the body of the face of the eyes and when the bodie is leane and choleryke then the quytture whyche issueth oute of the vlcers is for the most parte yelowe and yf the heate be to muche so that it burneth the humours the quytture is of a duskyshe coloure somwhat blacke And yf the humours be colde ye may know it by that Colde that the patient is flegmatike pale wheÌ„ the vlcered membre is whyte and the quytture is slimy and grosse whyte in coloure And yf they bene drye Drye the meÌ„bre vlcered is of a duskyshe colour and the bodye of the patient is drye leane and the quytture is thycke like ashes and derte and of blacke colour After that we haue declared the signes whyche procede of sondrye maters accordynge to the diuersitie of the coÌ„plexion of the bodye we must serch out the cause that hyndreth the curation of an vlcere after the diuersity of
muste consyder whether the matter be of burned coloure or elles grosse bloode and of euyl complexion And yf it be coleryke the matter must be digested with syru of violets or of roses or with the iuice of endiue with the water of endiue of buglosse of sorel of fumitery of borage And yf the matter be grosse bloode it muste be dygested wyth syrupe of fumiterrie the lesse with syru of lupulles or of hoppes and wyth water of endyue buglosse and fumiterre After that the humours be dygested ye shall purge the bodye as foloweth Yf the matter be coleryke and burnte ye shall vse thys purgation â„ž of cassia of a lenitiue electuarye Ê’ vi of an electuarye of ê‘silium of an electuarye of iuyce of roses of euerye one Ê’ i. ss of diacatholicon â„¥ ss mengle them and make a small potition wyth the comune decoction Yf the matter haue parte of melancolye ye shall administre thys purgation â„ž diacatholicon â„¥ i. ss of an electuarye of ê‘silium of the confection of hamech of euerye one Ê’ ij wyth the decoction of cordiall floures and frutes of mayden heere of the herbes called Gallitricum and Politricum of the coddes of seny and of Epithime make a small potion addynge of syrupe of violettes â„¥ i. And when the euyl matter is grosse bloode ye shall vse thys purgation â„ž of Cassia of Diacatholicon of euerye one Ê’ vi of Diafinicon Ê’ ij wyth the decoction of cordiall floures and frutes make a smal potion addynge syrupe of violettes â„¥ i. ss when ye obserue conuenient purgations ye obserue the commaundement of Galene whyche sayeth that we muste put awaye the cause of the dysease before we can remoue the dysease it selfe Wherfore we muste not forgette to preferre vniuersall rules before particuler that the particuler operations maye be ayded by the vniuersall The seconde entention is accomplyshed by meates that engender good bloode and they oughte to enclyne to coldnes and moystnes that the subtyle humours maye be engrossed and that thorough theyr moystnes and coldnes they may correct the sharpnes of humours Lyke maner it is profytable to obserue the thynges not naturall The thyrde intention which consisteth in the dryenge of the venimous matter is accoÌ„plyshed as it foloweth Fyrst after that the matter is purged by laxatiue medicynes or by cuttynge of a veyne whyche is conuenient in this case yf the euyl matter be noughty bloode to remoue the malignitie of vlcers and also the corrosyon and venemenes of the same ther is no better remedye than to applye wythin the vlcers our pouder of mercury for it is of the same operation that vnguentuÌ„ Egyptiacum is of how be it vnguentum EgyptiacuÌ„ causeth great payne and inflammation about the vlceres and therfore make the vlceres sometyme to resiste curation which thyng thys poudre doth not And Auicenne sayth we muste be ware that we applye not medicynes that cause greate payne cheyfely whan ther is apostemacion and euyll complexion for as he saythe cure not the vlcere tyll the payne be swaged for oftentymes the rectifyeng of an euyll complexion is the cause of the cure of the vlceres The fourthe intention whyche coÌ„cerneth the administratioÌ„ of local medicynes shal be perfourmed as here foloweth Fyrst after the malignytie corrosyon and venemenes of the vlcere is taken awaye wyth the forsaid poudre ye shal procede with this oyntment vnder wrytteÌ„ whych rectifyeth the euyll complexion of the vlceres dryeth them and mundifyethe wyth famylier incarnation â„ž oyle of Roses Vnguenti Rosati or instede of that Galenes oyntment Ana â„¥ ij ss Vnguenti Populeon oyle of Myrtyne Ana â„¥ j. of swynes grese fresshe and molten of calues suet Ana â„¥ iij. of the leaues of plantayne and of nightshade of the tender partes of braÌ„bles of the leaues and beries of myrtilles of woodbynd of herbe called horsetayle of the herbe called knot grosse Ana. mÌ„ ss let thies thynges be staÌ„ped together and so leaue them the space of a daye and afterwarde sethe them a lytell and strayne them and putte to the straynynge of lytarge of golde and syluer Ana â„¥ j. of Minium Ê’ x. of terra sigillata of ceruse Ana Ê’ vj. set them on the fyer agayne and let them seathe together tyl the colour become blacke Oyntmente and afterwarde wyth suffycient whyte waxe make an oyntment addynge of cleare Terebentyne â„¥ j. of tutia preparate â„¥ ss of Camphore gr iij. Item to the same intentioÌ„ this vnguente folowynge is comendable â„ž oyle of roses â„¥ vj. oyle of violettes â„¥ iiij of calues suet â„¥ iij. Another ointmente of the iuyce of playntayne and nyghtshade Ana â„¥ ij let them sethe all tyll the iuyce be consumed then strayne them and put to the straynynge of whyte waxe â„¥ ss of ceruse Ê’ x. of lytarge of gold syluer Ana â„¥ j. of tucia preparate Ê’ iij. of caÌ„phore brayed accordynge to arte Ê’ ss mengle them and styrre them about in a morter of leade the space of two houres Also vnguentum Album CaÌ„phoratum and vnguentuÌ„ ceruse and vnguentum Triapharmacon are conuenient in this case Here note that yf the medicyne be verye hote in the vlceres as in the seconde or thyrde degree it is suspected bycause that after hys operation yt leaueth an euyll complexion in the vlceres and therfore oure oyntment de Minio wrytten in the booke of wouÌ„des hathe a prerogatiue herein bycause it is not to hote and is mundifycatiue and incarnatiue and of hys nature remoueth the malignitie of vlceres After that the malignitie is remoued it is good to wasshe the place wyth water sodden wyth alume or wyth thys decoction â„ž of water of plaÌ„tayn of water of roses ana â„¥ iij. of floures of pomegranades of myrtill of roses of euery one a lytle of myrobolanes cytryne Ê’ ij of roche alume Ê’ ij ss of terra sigillata Ê’ iij. of al the saunders Ana Ê’ j. of water of endiue â„¥ ij of hony of roses â„¥ j. boyle thyes sayde thynges tyll the thyrde parte be coÌ„sumed and thaÌ„ strayne them Thys decoction herin is ryght conuenieÌ„t and ye must washe the wounde therwith thre or foure tymes a daye Auicenne saythe that corrosiue vlceres beÌ„ best cured with thynges that be colde and stiptyke as are the floures of pomegranades and roses lyke Item it is good to applye smal pieces of leade in corrosiue vlcers yf they be made wyth a lytle quycsyluer they shal be of better operatioÌ„ Moreouer this playster is auaylable in maligne deceyuable vlceres A playster of a dogges tourde â„ž of a dogges tourde that eteth bones well brayed and serced â„¥ iiij of the floure of lentylles â„¥ ij of beane floure â„¥ j. of terra sigillata of bole armenie Ana â„¥ j. ss of ceruse and litarge Ana Ê’ x. putte the sayd thynges in the mylke of a goate or a cowe in which ye haue quenched burnyng peces of yron set them on the fyre and make a
be apostemed It is requisite for the resolution of the matter and for apeasynge of the grefe Epithema to vse fuffumigatyon and epithemes folowynge ℞ of camomylle mellilote branne of the leues of malowes holyhocke and of tapsus barbatus ana m̄ j. of lynseed ʒ j of the rotes of holihocke ℥ .iiij. seeth them all together wyth suffycyent water tyll halfe beconsumed and let the smoke be receauyd and the place epithemed wyth the same decoction ⸫ The thyrde chapyter of the chappyng and cleftes of the fundamente IT chaunseth often Of ryftes in the fundamente that the fundamente is chapped through salte fleme or brente melancolie and sometyme through great costyfenes of the belye or throughe the floynge of a colyrycke humor whyche byteth and chafeth away the skynne of the place wherfore for the curation of the same a leuytyue purgation of the belye presupposed there is nothynge better then to bathe the place and to receaue the smooke of thys decoction folowynge ℞ of camomylle mellylot branne of barlye malowes vyolettes lentylles ana m̄ ii of swete apples somewhat broused in nomber .x. of tapsus barbatus m̄ iii. of lynseed ℥ .iij. of suger ℥ .iij of frankensence of aloes of myrre ana ʒ.ss of licium ʒ x. roche alume ℥ .ii. ss lette them seth al together wyth suffycyent water tyl the thyrde part be consumed and lette the smoke be receyued into the fundament and than vse this lynimente folowynge ℞ oyle of lynseed of oyle omphacine ana ℥ ss of the wyne of swete granades brayed with the ryndes and than strongelye pressed ℥ .iiij. of roche alume ʒ.j of gootes suet and calues talowe ana ℥ .iii. lette them seeth al together tyl the iuce and the wyne be consumed then strayne them and vse them Item oyle of linseed applyed vpon the chappes is good agaynst the paynes of the emoroydes and all dyseases of the fundamēt as Mesue sayth Oyle also of the yolckes of egges laboured in a morter of leade wyth as much oyle of lynsed is a present remedye agaynste the chappes of the fundamente An other lynemente for the same purpose ℞ of the oyle of nuttes Linimentes of the fruite called crysomela of the oyle of swete almons of peches ana ʒ.ii of oyle of the yolkes of egges of oyle of lynseed ana ℥ ss of the iuce of wylde tasell of the iuce of knotgrasse of the iuce of tapsus barbatus an̄ ʒ.vi of aloes epathike ʒ.iii of the iuce of plantayne ℥ .i. seethe them tyll the iuces be consumed than strayne them and vse thys medecyne wythin the fundamente Another ℞ of the oyle of yolkes of egges of the oyle of lynseed ana ʒ x. of goates talowe of moost clere terbentyne ana ʒ iii. of frankensence of Mastike ana ʒ.ss of Rasyn of the Pynaple tree ʒ.i of Aloes Epatyke ʒ.i.ss of tapsus barbatus of the leaues of Plantayne of the leaues of houndestong of horsetayle ana m̄ i. stampe them al and drawe oute the iuce let them all seeth together tyll the iuce be consumed then streyne them and put to the streynynge of litarge of golde and syluer ana ℥ ss of ceruse ℥ iii.ss of burned lede of tucia ana ℥ .ii. myngle them and laboure them in a morter of leade the space of two houres And for as muche as sumtyme the sayde chappes perce into the inwarde parte of the fundamente and cause greate payne chefelye Suffumigation when they are ioyned with emoroides then suffumygacyons and bathynges that swage the payne make to the purpose as a bathe of tapsus barbatus aforenamed Lykewyse ye maye clyster the place wyth the sayde decoction and redde suger and a lytle aloes epathike dyssolued for this clyster swageth payne and maketh good incarnation If the sayde chappes cannot be healed by the foresayde remedyes than it is necessarye to fylle the chappes wyth oure pouder of mercurye for within two or thre times it remoueth the malygnitie as we haue proued in my lorde Marcke cardynal of Romemyshe churche named Cornarius After that the malygnytie is remoued the foresayde remedyes shall suffyce for the curacyon of the vlceres But some tyme it chauncethe as we haue seene that the fundamente is vlcered of a prymytyue cause for the cure whereof at the begynnynge ye shall proceade wyth lenytiue medycynes Wherefore it is conuenyente to bathe the place wyth the decoctyon of malowes of lynseed of tapsus barbatus of barlye and of branne And after the common fashyon ye shall applye a dygestyue of the yolkes of egges and oyle of rooses omphacyne and a lytle saffron Whan the place is dygested for mundyfycation and incarnacyon ye shall procede wyth oyle of lynseede wyth oyle of yolkes of egges and a lytle aloes epatike laboured the space of two houres in a mortar of leade addynge therunto a lytle iuyce of plātayne and a litle litarge of golde and syluer For the reste of the cure ye shal procede with the remedyes afore wrytten c. ¶ The fourthe chapiter of emoroydes or pyles THere are about the ende of the fundamente .v. veynes which are calemoroydalle Of emoroydes or piles and are ordeyned of nature to purge the grosse melancholye bloode in men as womens bodyes are purged euery moneth And as the auncient wryters saye yf the sayde purgation come duely it preserueth the body from sondrye diseases as from the leper from cāker and other like And they be called called emoroyde of Hema whyche in greke is bloode and roys whyche is flowynge kyndes of emoroydes And there are diuers kyndes of them for some bene lyke greynes of raysons or lyke lytle bladers some are lyke wartes and other bene lyke an opened figge redde and full of litle greynes some are lyke mulberyes and are called morales some are small as lytle peces of flesh about the fundamente and some are payneful and apostemous The cause of these for the mooste parte The causes of emoroydes is abundaūce of grosse and melancholyke bloode and sometyme of fleume and sometyme of brent choler sent vnto the sayd place or elles they come through the receit of sharpe medicines or elles of the longe vse of pilles of aloes not washed Wherfore by the great abundaunce of such bloode it chaūceth that the said veynes swel and be extended out of the fundamēt beynge verye paynefull and apostemous Therfore yf the bloode be verye subtyle and sharpe and the passion natural and comynge by courses than the mouthes of the veynes are opened wythoute the melancholye bloode is purged by the benifyte of nature and also the sayde subtile and sharpe humoure Yf they be caused of flegmatyke bloode watrye and not grosse thē they are lyke lytle bladers or greanes of raysonnes whyte in coloure and softe in towchynge and cause no greate payne If they be engendred of grosse flegmatyke bloode they are harde lyke wartes and bene lyke vnrype figges and are not verye payneful
veyne And yf the emoroydes be in fourme of lytle outgrowynges of fleshe the payne beynge somewhat remoued it is a good remedye to laye blood suckers theron and thē for the full mundification and resolution of them ye shall administer the forsayd cerote There chaunceth often in thys disease a swellynge rounde and large after the figure of a chestenut which causeth greate peyne and must be cured with the forsaid remedies namelye by resolution and mitigation of payne After the payne is swaged I was wonte to minister the foresayde cerote for perfit resolution Finally if the emoroydes growe to a hote aposteme for the cure therof ye shal resort to the chapter of flegmon The fourth entention whych is to correcte accidentes shal be accomplished by the administratiō of locall remedyes The accidentes of these diseases are these vehement payne gret fluxe of bloode apostemes cākerous putrefaction of the places Concernyng swagyng of payne staunchyng bloode and curation of aposteme we haue spoken in thys present chapter But for as muche as the payne is very vehement for the remotion therof ye maye applye some thynge wherin opium shall enter as thys that foloweth whyche is of the description of Alexander and we haue proued it in thys case in Tenasmō R. of mirre of frankynsence of licium of saffran ana one parte Alexanders liniment of opium two partes braye them and make a linimēt with the muscillage of psilium and oyle of roses wherewyth ye shall annoynte lyut and putte it both wythin with out Here foloweth an other sure and excellent remedye for the same purpose An excellent remedy R. of the leaues of henbane and of malowes and of colewortes ana m̄ i. wrappe them all in peces wete them and rost them vnder coles then stampe them and laboure them in a mortar of leade wyth a lytle oyle of roses the yolke of an egge and a lytle saffran and the meate of rosted apples ℥ ii applye thys medicyne after the maner of a playster And yf the emoroydes growe to blacknes cankerdnes ye shall resorte for the cure therof to the chapter of a canker And thus we ende c. ¶ The fyfth chapter of tenasmon Of tenasmon TEnasmos is a passiō of the gutte called intestinum rectū wherin the patiente hathe great desire to the siege but vttereth nothyng sauyng a lytle flymy mattier as is the gelye of fysh mengled wyth droppes of bloode And thys passion for the more part is caused of grosse and slymie mattier cleuing to the arse gutte whyche louseth the sayde gutte thorow hys slymynes byteth the same thorowe the sharpenes and saltnes styrreth vp the vertue expulsyue and causeth desyre of a siege thys kynde is euer wyth ponderositie or heuines of the place Somtime the sayde passion is engendred through cold of the fete or by the receyuyng of a medicine made wtoute scamony or elebore It chaūceth also sōtime through grosse choleryke and brente bloode and causeth greate payne and the patient vtreth more bloode then fleume And moreouer there happeneth in thys case vlceration in the ende of the muscule which prycketh the vertue expulsiue and prouoketh to siege The cure of tenasmon Cure shal be accomplyshed as it foloweth Fyrste a conuenient purgation muste be vsed that is to saye yf the mattier be hote that the bodye be purged wyth a linityue lectuarye or wyth cassia diacatholicon wyth manna If the matter be colde the patient shall be purged with cassia and diafinicon and diacatholicon Howebeit ye shall note thys one thynge before the administration of a medicine by mouthe ye shall vse a clister linityue to mollifye the dregges of the guttes A linityue clister conuenient for tenasmō in a hote and drye cause maye be thus ordeyned R. of the brothe of hennes or of other fleshe A linitiue clister thre pound of Violettes Malowes camomyll melilote ana m̄ ss of lyneseed ℥ .i. let them seeeh all togyther alytle and make a clyster with oyle of violettes oyle of camomyll and the yolkes of egges a lytle red suger But yf the forsayd passion be caused of a colde mattier the clystre folowyng is to be vsed which mollifieth and purgeth salt and slymy matter and breaketh wynde ℞ of camomil melilote and dyll ana m̄ i. of the leaues of holyhocke m̄ ss of bran m̄ ii of the rootes of tapsus barbatus m̄ i of lyneseed ℥ ii of swete fenelle of anise ana ℥ ss of cumyne a lytle of licoryce ʒ.x the heed of a wether somewhat broken seeth them all to gither with sufficient water tyl half of it be consumed than strayne them and presse them strongly and take of the strayning li. i ss of oile of camomil dyll an̄ ℥ .ii. of oyle of rue ℥ ss of hony of Roses ℥ .iii. the yolkes of ii egges and so vse the clystre Item it is good to bath the place with the decoction of the sayde clyster and to receyue the smoke therof Lykewyse it is a synguler remedye to take the same decoction and oyle of lyneseed in euen quantitye and a litle red sugre the yolke of an egge and to clysteryze the sore place therewith Item oyle of lyneseed rubbed with the roote of tapsus barbatus the leaues thereof and with a lytle mugwort and camomyll and than clystered warme swageth payne effecteouslye Item we haue founde it good to vse a suffumigation of frankensence terebentine a lytle myrre it swageth payne Lykewyse to syt vpon a warme table of a pynapple maketh to the same purpose Item a suffumigation and syttyng vpon the sayde decoction maye conuenyentlye be vsed Colliries also put in to the fundamente passe other remedyes Yea and linimentes brought into the fourme of lyquide oyntmes are of great efficacitie in this disease And therfore the liniment of Alexander noted in the former chapiter is of a maruelous excellēcye for it swageth payne in prouokyng slepe which is a synguler remedye in this case c. ¶ The .vi. Chapter Of the relaxation or loosynge of the gutte called intestinū rectum IT chaūceth often that the arse gutte is molified softened lowsyng of the greit gutte through sondrye causes so that it cometh out of the foūdament of the length of thre fingers and thys passion happeneth mooste in chyldren though it chaunce also in other ages And the cause therof is grosse and slymy fleume cleuynge to the gutte and molifienge the same pryckynge vp the vertue expulsyue wherefore there foloweth greate ytchynge and mollification of the fundamente whereby the gutte issueth out of his acustomed place this passion cometh ofte with tenasmon and happeneth to children by takynge colde in their feete The cure of thys desease The cure shal be accomplished with administratiō of locall medicines First cōuenient purgation and good diet presupposed ye must foment the place with rasyn of pyne apple terebentyne frankynsens and mastik afterwarde sprincle
agues by the waye of crysis and somtime they appere in women after theyr delyueraunce of chyldren The sygnes are manifest in syght and in touchynge for some tyme they are harde and stretched oute chefelye when they be full of bloode and the coloure of them is blackyshe and sometyme they come to vlceracyon cause greate payne and are harde to be cured and there ensueth often a fluxe of bloode which is also of harde curacyon and though it be cured it commeth agayne with more malignitie so that when we wolde cure the sayde vlceration we haue ben constrayned to purge the matter by the places that lye aboute namelye by an issue Lykewyse besyde the saide vlceration the veines so swel are fylled sodēly with grosse melancholicke and burned blood that the sayde bloode congeleth together and commeth by lytle and lytle to putrifaction and so there ascend vp euell vapoures and fumes to the brayne cause euell accydentes in the brayne and in the harte whereby the pacyent often tymes dyeth Wherfore the cure of these veines wyth vlceration or wythoute vlceration chefely yf they be confermed cānot be accomplysshed wythoute euydent daunger of the paciente I speake of vlcered veynes because the matter whyche was wounte to dyscende to vyle places and there to be purged throughe the curation of the varyces is retayned and cōueyed to the nobler members as the harte the stomacke and the brayne and so the dysposition thereof shulde be the worse wherfore Hipocrates saith that yf ye heale emoroides leuynge notone open daunger of the dropsye tysyke and frenesy shall ensue Wherefore in such dyspositions that is to say in emoroydes and swollen veynes it is better to leue them open then to cure them For they that be cured dye quyckelye but they that be not cured but palliated lyue a long season For Arnoldus de villa noua sayeth when there is an vnnatural issue in a mās body by the which some mater is wonte to be purged it cannot be stopped wythoute greater incommodyties excepte the matter be purged by a place nye to the sayde issue And therefore wise chirurgiens in thys case make an issue wyth an actuall cauterye or potencyall foure fyngers vnder the knee that the mater be purged by the same by whych meane we haue healed manye The cure of swolne veynes not vlcered by insicion is very daungerous for great fluxe of bloode foloweth the sayde incision whiche is harde to be retayned and sometyme when nature cannot deryue the bloode and matter to the wounded place the same blood beinge kepte in growethe to cankerdnes Wherefore I was wonte in the cure of swollen veynes fylled wyth melancholyke bloode a conuenyente purgacion of the bodye wyth the applyinge of leches vpon the emoroydall veines presupposed to euapoure oute the bloode wyth thys decoction folowynge ℞ of the rootes of holyehocke lj ss of hoorehounde of cammomylle of mellylote of dylle ana m̄ j. of branne of cleane berlye ana m̄ ii of honye lj i. ss seethe al these thynges at the fyre and make a bathe thereof where wyth ye shall washe the whole legge and make euaporation wyth sponges dypped therein Also we were wonte to make a cerote of the decoction of holyhocke and wyth the thynges vnderwrytten and wythe these two thynges for the most parte we euapoured oute the bloode and resolued it perfytly ℞ of holihok soden cutte and stamped lj ss of oyle of comomylle dylle ana ℥ .ij. of freshe butter and hennes grese ana ℥ i. ss of gose grese and duckes grese ana ℥ i.ss of calues talowe ℥ .iii. of the marye of of the legges of a calfe and of a cow ana ʒ.vi make a soft cerote of al with the foresaye straynynge and wyth suffyciente whyte waxe addynge of saffron ʒ.i Furthermore to open a veyne aboute the knee the member beynge fyrst bounde strayned that the congeled and corrupte bloode maye only yssue oute perchaunce it shall not be vnprofytable for by the euacuacyon of bloode sometyme the foresayde accidentes are remoued Afterwarde vpon the cutte place ye shall leye thynges that staunche bloode as the whyte of an egge beaten wyth pouder restryctiue The curation of the vlceres of swollē veynes dyffer not frome the curation of vlceres of the legges and of the thyghes declared in the former chapyter But for as muche as suche vlceres are ioyned wyth vehemente payne and malygnitie therefore for the remouyng of the same we wyl descrybe certayne peculyer remedyes and fyrst a fomentation to swage the payne A synguler fomentation ℞ of the leaues of malowes violettes of the leaues of plantain ana m̄ i. of clene barly m̄ ii of the seed of quinces somewhat brayed ℥ ss of scabyouse m̄ i. ss of butter lj ss let them be sodden altogether wyth suffycyente water tyll the thyrde parte be consumed and vse thys remedye after the maner of a fomentacyon After ye haue washed the place with a sponge ye shall take the yolcke of a newe layde egge and of butter ℥ .i ss whych ye shal laboure in a mortar of lead and applie them with cloutes And yf ye put to thys medecyne an ℥ of vnguentum populeon yt shal be verye good we haue some tyme remoued the payne and malignitie of the sayde vlceres by apliynge oure pouder of mercurye ones or twyse and afterwarde leying vppon the same thys sparadrappe folowyng and thyn plates of leade vsynge a conuenyente maner of byndynge from the insteppe to the knee and whan the place was paynefull we washed it wyth the water of plantayne and water of alume Lykewyse we founde that the iuce of plantayne and of houndestonge boyled wyth a lytle suger tyll halfe be consumed and applyed vpon the vlcered place is of good operacyon The leues also of the sayde herbes and the leues of woodbynd layed vppon the vlceres in steade of an oyntemente or sparadrappe bryngeth great ease to the pacyente The myxture of the sayde sparadrap is ℞ of the iuce of plantayne nyght shade ana ℥ .ii. of the iuce of knotgrasse houndestonge and wodbynde ana ℥ .i of oyle of rooses omphacyne of oyle of rooses complete of oyle myrtyne ana ℥ .ii. of calues talow ℥ .iiij. of swines grese of gootes talowe ana ℥ .ii. ss of cowes talowe ℥ .iii. of vnguentum populeon ℥ i.ss of lytarge of golde and siluer ana ʒ.i.ss of minium ʒ.x of bole armenye fynelye poudred of terra sigillata ana ℥ ss let the fattes the oyles and the iuces seeth together tyll the iuces be consumed then strayne them and adde the reste to the straynynge and lette them seethe at the fyre and styrre them aboute tyll they be blacke in coloure than make a sparadrap or a soft cerote wyth suffycyente whyte waxe addynge in the ende of the decoction of camphore brayed accordinge to arte ʒ.ii of tucia ʒ.x vse thys medecyne in all vlcers for it is of excellente operation Item vnguentum camphoratum some
â„¥ i. of chosen manna â„¥ ss make a small potion wyth the decoction of cordiall frutes and floures but in the somer yf nede be the purgation and digestioÌ„ noted in the former chapter may conuenyently be mynistred IteÌ„ it is very good to take the space of a weke a sponefull of the forsayde syrupe fastynge without waters and also to receyue .vii. houres before dyner as moche triacle as the quaÌ„titie of a chesnutte Lykewyse the pylles vnderwrytten are good to be gyuen before the application of the vnctioÌ„s and other remedyes and ye muste gyue therof at ones but Ê’ ss at mydnyght or in the mornyng Piâ—â—es for the pockes â„ž of black elebore of good turbyth ana Ê’ ii of Galenes tryacle â„¥ ss of tormentylle of genciane of dytanye ana Ê’ ss of diagridium â„¥ ss of reubarbe â„¥ i. ss of the spyces of hiera with agarik Ê’ ii mengle them togyther and make pylles with a syrupe of sticados after the maner of peason the receyte of them is froÌ„ ℈ ii to Ê’ i. Somtyme one is receiued somtyme ii and somtyme .iii. IteÌ„ let the patient receyue pylles ordeyned agaynst the frenche pockes and the accidentes therof after our description wherwith we haue healed many with this cerote Special puÌ„les for the pâ—â—kes forsayde remedyes The forme of them is this â„ž of myrobalanes embli belli indi anÌ„ Ê’ ii ss of the spices of mastik pilles â„¥ ss of sticados of the coddes of sene of epithymi of saffran ana Ê’ ss of gentiane of anise ana Ê’ i. of polipodie of blacke elebore an Ê’ ii fyne turbith Ê’ i ss of diagridiuÌ„ ℈ iiii of gynger of serapyne of cynamuÌ„ of nutmygges of lignuÌ„ aloes of tormentil of dytanye of carduus benedictus coloquintida ana ℈ ii of agaricke in trociskes of fyne reubarbe of washen aloes ana â„¥ ss of Galenes triacle Ê’ vi make pylles after the maner of peason with a syrupe of vynegre The dose is Ê’ i. SoÌ„tyme .v. pilles are receyued somtyme iii. soÌ„time one Note also that they haue great strength agaynst the pestileÌ„ce Also ye shall obserue that whan this disease is coÌ„firmed it is very seldome healed but with a cure palliatiue And as concernyng his confirmatioÌ„ it hathe no determyned tyme but by signes for in some bodyes it is coÌ„firmed in .vi. monethes which seldome chaunceth in some within a yeare in some wtin a yere an halfe And we call this desease confirmed when in processe of tyme these accidentes are founde therein namelye swellynges hardnesse pryckyng virulent and corrosyue vlcerations with corruption of the bones payne of the ioyntes and foreheed c. Thus we ende c. ¶ The .iii. Chapter Of the deed euyll or mortmale THe deed euyl as the doctoures of this tyme testify is a maligne fylthy and corrupt scabbe which begynneth for the most part in the armes thyghes legges chefly in the legges it causeth crusty pustles ful of fylthy matter This disease coÌ„meth by the way of coÌ„tagion as wytnesseth rosa anglicana soÌ„tyme of a leprous woman somtyme of a scabby somtyme of a woman which had lately the floures After that this disease is confyrmed as some men saye it is not healed but by a cure palliatiue And this disease is confirmed after a yere and an halfe or there about and therfore it is lyke to the frenche pockes in sygnes causes and cure Concernynge the forsayd medicines as well locall as vniuersall for the cure of the french pockes we toke them of theodorik in the Chapiter of mortmale and in the chapter of the cure of scabbes wherfore before the curation of thys disease we thought it coÌ„uenieÌ„t to wryte a chapter of the frenche pockes for the remedyes of the one agreeth with the other The cause antecedente of this disease for the most parte consysteth in euyll meates and drynkes whiche engendre corrupt humours and ther fore we haue seene sometymes that the forsayde pustles haue become maligne and haue bene turned into cancrenositie whereby also the pustles are somewhat raysed aboue the fleshe wyth the coloure of a mulberye halfe rype And than I scarifyed the place depely vnto the bone and the patient semed to fele nothyng wherfore this disease passeth from cancrena to aschachillos and esthiomenos This disease is engendred of grosse melancholyke and corrupte bloode a signe wherof is blaknesse of pustles Somtyme also it chaunceth that gros and salt steme is mengled with melancholie of which large pustles or scabbes are engeÌ„dred of whyte colour with some blewnesse and moche itchynge The curation of this disease hath two regimentes namely vniuersal perticuler The vniuersall is accomplysshed by losyng of the belly accordynge to the euyll humoure by cuttynge the veyne and by application of bloodesuckers vpon the veynes emorroydall Yf the pustles bene blacke whiche is a sygne of melancholye it must be digested with this syrupe folowing â„ž of the lesse syrupe of fumiterry of the syrupe of the iuce of endyue ana Ê’ v. of oximel symple Ê’ ii of the water of fumiterrye of maydenheere of endiue ana â„¥ i. when the patient hath vsed this syrupe the space of a weke let him take the purgation folowing â„ž of diacatholicon â„¥ i of the confection of hamech Ê’ x. ss make a smal potion wyth the decoction of cordyall floures and frutes addyng of polypodye of hartestonge of maydenheere coddes of sene and epithimi ana a litle and of syrupe of violettes â„¥ i. ss ☞ Here ye shal note that bicause melancholye is erthye therfore it is conuenyent to renewe the digestion and to purge it being digested wyth the forsayde purgation which purgation also ye shall vse often But yf the matter be melancolycke wyth salte fleame let it be thus digested â„ž of syrupe of fumiterrye of oxisaccaruÌ„ of oximel ana â„¥ ss of the water of fumiterrye and maydenheere ana â„¥ i. ss mengle them togyther and lette the patien vse therof the space of a weke when the matter is digested whiche is knowen by the good coloure multitude and some grosnesse of the vryne then let the patient be purged with the purgation folowyng â„ž of diacatholicon and diafinicon ana Ê’ iiii of the confection of hamech â„¥ ss make a small potion with the forsayde decoction addynge of syrupe of violettes â„¥ i. Item pylles of fumiterry and pilles aggregatiue may be somtyme conuenyentlye admynystred in stede of the forsayde purgation Also the incision of the veyne basilica is very good in this case for it purgeth gros blood Morouer bloodsuckers layed vpon the veynes emoroidall ventoses applyed in any place of the bodye hath broughte greate ease in this sycknesse The perticuler remedyes shal be accomplyshed by the admynistratioÌ„ of local medicines I wyl recite certayn remedyes whiche I haue vsed after purgation wyth worshyp and profyte Fyrst I ordeyned the bathe vnderwrytten wherew t I wasshed the scabby places twise a day â„ž dockes fumiterry anÌ„ mÌ„ ii of
ministres as we haue sayde afore of whyche lette one drawe the hande the other the elbowe they must drawe bothe together equallye And thē let the master restore the bone vnto hys place imbracynge the arme wyth bothe hys handes and let hym haue his aparel prepared as it is said in the vniuersal chapter And let splintes be applyed sixe in nōbre at the leste of whych one must be greater then another and must be layd vpon the fracture as we haue declared in the vniuersal chapter and the byndyng must be more streyght vpon the fracture then in the endes of the splyntes And it is a verye requisite thynge to bynde them conueniently for yf the bynding be to streyte the mēber might be astonyed sometyme cause an aposteme or cancrena and yf it be to loose it wyll not holde the bone fast in hys place When the fracture of the focilles is restored after the foresayd maner let the arme be layed equallye vpō the bedde Neuerthelesse the hande must be somewhat reysed vp that the humours renne not downe to the lower parte At the begynnyng excepte necessitie constrayne ye shal not visit the fracture vnto the .viii. daye Howbeit ye shal laye vpon the bone called adiutoriū a clout dipped in odoriferous oyle of roses beatē with the white of an egge and a lytle iuyce of plantayne leste humours resort to the sore place Furthermore it is a generall rule in thys case and in other lyke that the medicine be chaunged euerye tenthe daye washynge the members wyth the decoction described in the vniuersall chapter of fractures Itē the olde and later doctours cōmaund that the splyntes be not taken awaye wythin xl dayes for as Auicenne sayeth it is better that they shulde remayne to long thā to lytle while It is also requisite in this case that the paciēt absteyn frō laborious mouīg And he must beware that he lay not the member vncomelye Of dyete purgation and flebothomye we haue spoken suffycient in the vniuersall chapter of fractures ¶ The .xi. Chapter Of the fracture of the bones of the handes IT chaunceth seldome that the bones of the hande and the fingers be broken neuerthelesse when it chaūceth the pacyente muste holde his hande vpon a playne table wrapped with stoupes than he muste haue a mynystre to stretche out the thōbe and the other fingers and then the master must conuey the bones of the fyngers and of the other parte of the hande into their natural places applying afterwarde a playster of mildust wrytten in the vniuersall Chapiter of fractures and byndyng on .ii. splyntes accordyng to the length of the fynger He must moreouer bynde the sayde fracture wyth a bande begynnynge from the elbowe to the hande which thynge muste be done sleyghtly that it be neither to loose nor to strayte and the apparell must not be remoued vnto the .vii. daye For other intentions ye shal procede accordinge to that is wrytten in the vniuersall Chapter c. ¶ The .xii. Chapter Of the fracture of the rybbes WE sayde in oure anatomy that .xii. rybbes are situated in mans body of whiche the .v. nether rybbes are called false rybbes and they are seldome broken by reason of the gristlye nature The other rybbes whiche are called complete are often broken by reason of the hardnesse through a bruse or a stroke Concernyng the restauracion of thē the doctours varye neuerthelesse I wyll folowe the excellent doctour m. Guilelmus Placentinus Fyrst as the same doctour sayeth yf the rybbes be broken in one place or in two it maye be knowen by touchyng for ye shal fele a holownesse in the place Signes and by touchynge ye shall cause great payne to the patient and he can not easelye breathe and somtyme there is herde a crashyng of the fracture and sometyme they are but bowed onelye when ye perceyue the forsayde signes then vnderstande that the rybbes be verye moche bowed or els brokē which bowyng or brekyng of the rybbes there foloweth sometymes a disese called a pleurisie coughing spittyng of blood and a great feuer and this fracture is iudged of all doctours to be very daungerous it is lyke in signes causes cure vnto the fractures of the bones of the brest And they must be discretely restored depressyng the bones that stād vp Maner of restoryng and raysyng vp the boones that ben depressed The maner of restoring them is this Ye must laye your lefte hande vpon the parte of the broken bone that standeth out and ye muste prepare your ryght hande to be holden vpon the sayde parte beinge annoynted with some glewysshe oyntment or cerote the space that a man may saye the Psalme of Miserere which done ye must cause the patiēt to cough as stronglye as he can and togyther and in one tyme ye muste thrust downe the parte of the bone that standeth oute with your lefte hande and rayse vp the depressed part with your ryght hande A glewysh oyntment The fourme of the glewysh oyntmēt is this ℞ the white of an egge of mylduste ℥ ss of dragagantū brayed of frankensence ana ʒ i. of fyne byrde lime ʒ vi of muscilage made with rose water glewe of pitche ʒ i. ss mengle them and vse them as is aforsayd or after this maner Take a threfolde cloth and playstre it wyth the sayde oyntment and laye it vpon the depressed part And ye must leaue in the myddes of the playster a pece like a sleue to draw it when nede shal be to reyse vp the depressed bone thrustyng downe with your thombe the parte raysed vp and cause the patiēt to coughe in tyme of restauracion when the bone is restored ye shall applye this playstre folowynge vnto the .vii day renewyng it euery secōde daye ℞ the whytes of .iii. egges of oyle of roses omphacine of oyle mirtine ana ℥ ii of mylduste ℥ i. ss of the muscilage of holyhocke ℥ ii ss of bene floure and barly flour ana ʒ vi of sāguis draconis of terra sigulata of bole armenye ana ℥ ss of frankensēce ʒ i. After the .vii. daye ye shall applye this cerote folowyng ℞ of the rotes of holyhock li. i. two fete of a calfe seeth them all in water and odoriferous wyne and than stampe and strayne the rootes onely and adde to the straynynge of oyle myrtyne and omphacyne ana ℥ iii. of oyle of mastyke ʒ i. ss of most clere terebentine ℥ x. of saffrā fynely poudred ʒ ss of sanguis draconis of terra sigillata ℥ ss of frankensence ʒ ii of beane floure ℥ i. ss mengle them and make a softe cerote wyth suffycient white waxe and lay it vpō the fracture with a brode cloute for his operation is merueilous good to swage payne and to resolue wyndenesse and to comfort the sore place Yf the body be full of humours ye maye cutte the veyne called basilica the fyrst or seconde day in the contrary arme The patientes diete must be
Rooses is conuenient in thys case A suppositorie also wherin sall gemma entrethe prouoketh vryne ¶ A Chapter howe a man maye drawe out vryne wyth instrumentes AVicenne Rasis Cornelius Celsus teache that deteyned vryne maye be drawen out wyth instrumentes of brasse or syluer made holowe lyke pipes Howebeit the sayd instrumentes must be sondrye accordynge to the diuersitie of bodyes and ages Of those instrumentes whyche are conuenient for men the longeste muste be of xv ynches the meane of twelue ynches the leest of ix ynches For women the longest instrumente shal be of ix ynches and the leest of vj. And the instrumentes made for men muste be more croked than the other for women bycause the conduyte of women is shorter than in men Ye muste laye the patient vpon a bedde vp ryght and lette the ministre take in to hys ryght hande anoynted wyth oyle of rooses a croked syrynge made of Syluer and lette hym guyde it by the hole of the yarde tyll he towche the ende of the necke of the bladder and whan he is come to the sayde place lette hym cause the patient to bowe towarde hys knee and than lette hym thrust the syrynge into the concauitie of the bladder and thaÌ„ he shal se the vryne come rennyng out at the ende of the syrynge whyche done we were wont to wasshe the bladder and to clense it frome grosse humours by an other syrynge put into the ende of the sayde syryng with a decoction folowynge â„ž of cleane barley mÌ„ j. of reysons â„¥ j. of liquyrice of the seede of alcakengi of the comune seedes of the thre lesse seedes somewhat broken of euery one â„¥ iij. of fygges Ê’ xiiij of syrupe de duabus radicibus â„¥ iij. suger â„¥ j. ss let them seth all together wyth sufficient quaÌ„titie of rayne water tylle they ben brought to halfe a pounde thaÌ„ streyne them all and washe the bladder with the streynynge beynge warme and thus ye muste procede tylle the vryne come to hys naturall course by thys meane we healed two noble men Ancelyne and Moruell c. ¶ A chapter of brusynge of the nayles and to drawe out bloode vnder the sayde nayles SOmetymes thorough brusyng of the nayles there remaynethe some bloode vnder theÌ„ which causeth the said nailes to falle greatly payneth the patient chieflye whan the sayde bloode comethe to putrefaction The cure is that incontinentlye ye anoynt the place wyth oyle of roses and the iuyce of plantayne beaten wyth the whyte of an egge leyng it ouer all the hole fynger The next day yf the bloode vnder the nayle be of great quantitie that putrefaction is to be feared ye shall open the nayle wyth a rasor or bore it thorough wyth some coÌ„uenieÌ„t instrument so that ye touche not the quycke fleshe Afterwarde ye shall anoynt the place with oyle omphacyne hote laye thys medecyne thervpon â„ž of oyle of roses omphacyne of oyle myrtyne ana â„¥ j. of newe waxe Ê’ x. of odoriferous wyne â„¥ ij of cleare terebentyne Ê’ iij. of the leaues of wormewood brused â„¥ ss of cumyn brused Ê’ i. let them sethe besyde the waxe tyll the wyne be consumed than streyne them and putt to the straynyng the waxe let them seeth agayne and adde to it beane floure a lytle and make a playster Sometyme the pacient wyll not suffer the nayle to be opened therefore the matter cometh to putrefactioÌ„ then ye shall procede with thynges that maye cause the nayle to falle as are digestiues and mollificatyue playsters and after the remotion of the nayle ye shall seale vp the place wyth vnguentuÌ„ de Minio washyng it with wyne sodden wyth rooses myrtilles and a lytle alume ¶ A chapter of the swellynge of the necke and of the throte called Bocium BOcium is a gret swellynge in the throte The cure of a wâ—nne or in the necke caused of humours and turned to harde matter vnfyt to be resolued wherof there ben two kyndes namelye naturall and accidentall The naturall receaueth not curation in aged bodyes by locall medicynes but the accidentall maye be cured vnto xxiiij yere by purgyng the matter clysterynge and resolutyue medicynes Arnold sayth that thys passion is hereditarye and regional for in some regious it chauÌ„ceth more than in other and he saythe that thys passion procedeth of the nature of the ayre or euyll qualitie of the water And he sheweth moreouer that there is a contree called garfignana wherin lyghtlye all men and women haue this disease And therefore he councelethe to chaunge the ayre the water and the regyon at the begynnynge before it be increased Towchynge the cure of thys disease whan it is olde and knytte to the veynes and Arteries ye shall not remoue it by handy operation nor by cautery for great and daungerous accidentes myght ensue but ye shall rather forsake the cure The cure of that that may be healed hathe thre intentions diete purgatioÌ„ of the matter antecedent remotion of the matter conioynt As towchynge the fyrst intention the paciente muste absteyne frome all meates that engender grosse troublous and wyndy bloode as beefe porke hartes fleshe leuerettes kiddes and byrdes of ryuers c. Also he must auoyde al kyndes of pulses as beanes peason c. and fyshe except soules gurnardes perches c. Item he must absteyne from all baken meates and oynyons leekes garlyke turnepes rapes c. And aboue all thynge lette hym absteyne frome the companye of women and let hym eate meates that ingender good bloode as capoÌ„s veale and rear egges with percelye nept cinamome a lytle sugger These herbes are conuenient to be sodden in the brothe of good fleshe borage lettuse parcelie whyte beetes nept myntes langdebeef c. Hys wyne must be claret of good odour delaied with swete water For the seconde intentioÌ„ let the pacient vse thys syrupe folowynge the space of seuen dayes â„ž of syrupe de duabus radicibus wyth vynegre of oximell symplex ana Ê’.iij of syrupe of Epithimum Ê’ vi of water of fenell buglos and scabious ana â„¥ .i. myngle them After thys syrupe let the pacieÌ„t be purged as foloweth â„ž of diacatholicon â„¥ ss diafinicon Ê’ iij. electuarij indi Ê’.ij make a small potion wyth the comune decoction In thys disease ye muste vse sondrye purgations and therefore the confection of turbyth is verye conuenient whyche we haue described in oure Antidotarye in the chapters of electuaries and confections It is good sometymes to take fastynge two sponefulles of honye of rooses aromatized wyth a lytle nutmygges cloues and Cinamome and aqua vite and it muste be vsed vpon that daye that the patient taketh not a laxatiue medicyne twyse or thryse a weeke Arnolde prayseth thys pouder folowyng â„ž of a sponge of the see of palea marina of the bone of the fishe called Sepie or a cuttle bone of long and blacke peper of gynger cynamome salgemine Piretrum galles of the pryckes of rooses ana
℥ .ij. pouder them all except the sponge and palea marina whyche must be burned and their ashes must be myngled with the foresayde thynges and tersed and he commaundeth to holde this poudre in the mouthe daye and nyght He thynketh it good also to take thys poudre after digestion before daye and to vse it in hys meates Furtheremore it is good sometymes to take a dramme of pylles cochie Thys is the cure of Arnolde whyche muste be begonne the next thursdaye to the reuolutiō of the moone and so ye must procede to the ende of the moone folowynge And than ye muste cutte the veynes vnder the tonge to dymynyshe the mattier conioynt As towchynge the thyrde intentiō sondrye doctours haue wrytten sondrye resolutiues howebeit they are of small effecte Neuerthelesse ye may applie thys that foloweth ℞ of the rotes of dockes and radyshe of a wylde gourde of saxifrage of the rootes of holyhock ana ℥ .iiij seth them al with wyne and lye and applye them after the maner of a plaister We haue written manye resolutyues whyche are conuenyent in thys case And forasmuch as this swellyng cometh sometyme to maturation for that intentiō ye shal procede with the maturatiues wryttē in the chapter of colde Apostemes And ye may make incisyō according to the lēgth of the neck takyng head that ye cutte not the veynes synnowes For the reste of the cure that is to saye for mundifycation and incarnation sigillation ye shal procede as is declared in the fore alleged place c. ¶ A chapter to remoue a superfluous synger in the hande and the cure of a hande cut of for some euyll facte IT chaūceth sometyme that through aboūdaūt matter in generation a chylde is borne wyth a superfluous fynger for the remotion wherof ye shall procede as it foloweth Fyrste ye shall cut it as nyghe the hande as is possyble with a rasour And afterwarde ye muste cauteryse the place with oyle of elders or oyle of roses brennynge hote Thys cauterisation is good for two causes Fyrst to restrayne fluxe of bloode and to remoue a spasme and payne After cauterisation ye muste playster the place wyth the whyte and yolke of an egge beatē wyth oyle of roses omphacyne and butter and so the payne may be swaged and it dygesteth the escare Yf ther chaūce great bleedyng whych yet happeneth but seldome ye shal cauteryse the place and afterward leye vpon it our redde pouder restrictiue with the whyte of an egge and afterwarde ye shall procure the fall of the escare wyth a dygestiue of yolkes of egges and terrebentyne and ye shall mundifye the place wyth a mundificatiue of a syrupe of roses of smallage or of sarcocoll For the reste of the cure ye shal procede wyth vnguentū de minio or Basilicū other remedyes which are wryttē in the generall chapter of woūdes How be it ye shall note thys one thinge that is to saye that after the tyme of incisyon ye muste leye vpon the arme a defensyue ordeyned in the chapter of hurted synowes vnto the .vij. daye And ye muste anoynt the hande wyth oyle of roses and camomill wherin a lytle saynt Iohns worte and saffran and an ounce of erth wormes washed wyth wyne hath ben sodden A hande or fote beynge cutte muste lykewyse be vsed and in no wyse ye muste cauteryse the place with fyre as some ignoraunt men do for euell accidentes maye ensue c. ¶ A chapter of the preseruacion of a deade bodye that it rotte not A Deade body may thus be preserued from rottynge as Rasis sayth Fyrst ye muste purge the carkas with sharpe clysters as are clysters made wyth wyne vynegre and salte water where in myrre coloquintida salt and alume hath ben sodden Thē ye muste hāge vp the bodye and presse the bellye wyth your handes that the decoction and excrementes may yssue out And ye shal renewe the clyster tyl ye perceiue that the guttes are wel clēsed whych done ye shall put into the bellye a good quātitie of thys description folowynge whyche is of the description of Rasis ℞ of aloes myrre accatia galla muscata nuttes of cypresse saunders lignū aloes cumyne alume of roche myngle them all together after they be poudred wyth vynegre and rose water and put them into the belly and stoppe the condyte with bolsters and bynde it wyth bandes that the lycour runne not oute and afterwarde ye shall caste into the eares mouth and nosethrilles spyced wyne And then ye shall anoynt all the bodye wyth blacke pytche and wrappe it in thys sparadrap folowyng ℞ of black pytche rosen of the pyne colophonia frankynsence mastycke storax gūme arabyke dragagantum melte them al together at the fyer and make a sparadrap wyth the sayd pouder wrappe the legges armes and al the body therwith and bynde them fast Thys is the meane to preserue a leane bodye The meane to preserue a fleshlye grosse bodye is thys Ye muste open the bodye from the pytte of the brest to the bone called pecten aboute the priuye mēbres and ye muste take out al the intrayles then ye must washe the place wyth vynegre and wyth the salte called Baurach and afterwarde wyth aqua vite then ye muste rubbe the partes of the bodye wyth thys pouder ℞ of brayed salt of alume of eche thre partes of cloues nutmegges cynamome al the saūders frankinsence myrre terra sigillata of euery of thē one parte of nepte serpillum rosemary coriander wormewood roses myrtylles of euery one m̄ ss stampe them all together as is aforesayd rubbe the bodye wythin and wythout And afterwarde ye muste fyll the bellye with the flockes or shauinges of cloth dyed with grayne or some other cloth wyth asmuche of the forsayd pouder Then ye muste sowe vp the belly and wrappe all the body in a sparadrap as is aforesayd and laye it in a chest of odoriferous woode yf it may be gottē remembrynge that ye stoppe the seames well wyth hourdes and pytche And ye shall putte into the chest the leaues of rosemary laurell nept wormewood myrte Thus may bodyes be preserued and caryed from one region to another ¶ A chapter of burnynge by fyer boylynge water or oyle SOmetyme the burnyng of fyer is lyght and in the ouermoste parte of the skynne produceth only lytle blysters Sometime it is depe hurteth the muscules The cure of thys scaldynge whether it be wyth water or oyle dyffereth not but in the smaller or greater burnynge Yf the scaldynge be small it suffyceth to mynistre incontinently the whyte of an egge beaten wyth oyle of roses omphacine a lytel iuice of plātaine nightshade house leke cymolea These thynges muste be layd on oftē for they swage payne stoppe the blysters that might aryse afterwarde wyne of pomegranades wyth a lytle rose water plantayne water is of lyke effecte After that the payne is swaged ye muste cut the toppes of the bladders wyth cysers
not suffre stronge medicines and quyckely receaue putrefaction Wherfore whan the body is weake of a disease not furious and in a membre of delicate complection and of easye putrefaction than the aygre medicines ought to be of smale mordication or bytyng And lykewyse in contrarye dyspositions they muste be strōg And as Cornelius celsus sayth we muste cure an immoderate qualite of a disease wyth a vehemente remedye a meane wyth a meane Hypocrates sayeth that to extreme diseases extreme remedyes ben necessarye c. Thus endeth thys present Chapitre for which the name of god be praysed ¶ The .xviij. Chapitre of Carbunculus and Anthrax CArbūculus is a lytle venimous pustle burnynge the place where it is Carbunculus And it makethe at the begynnynge a blader and than an eschare as yf it hadde been made of fier or seethynge water and it is wyth intolerable payne burnyng and inflammation al aboute whyche pustle is some tymes redde or yelowe some tymes grene or blewe and sometyme blacke And euerye one of thies after the opinyon of Rasis is mortall bycause of theyr venime neuertheles that that is redde or yelowe is not so daungerous as that that is grene or blacke Auicenne sayth that they whych haue a blacke carbuncle escape not deathe howbeit we haue seen manye to haue escaped And thies pustles carbunculus and Anthrax differre not as olde and new wryters testifye but in gretnes and smalnes For as Guillermus placentinus sayth Anthrax Anthrax is nothyng els but a Carbuncle tourned in to malygnite whyche hathe not been well healed And the colour of it is fyrst chaunged from redde in to grene afterwarde becommeth blacke and by that change we see often that the place commethe to a corrosion and great mortification of the membre in whyche Anthrax is Thies pustles ben multyplied in the tyme of pestilence and in pestiferous regions as Auicenna saythe And those ben more suspected in the tyme of pestilence than in other tymes by reason of the infectyon of the ayre They chaunse often in the emunctories or clensynge places by the waye of termination ad Crisim For the noble membres sende the infectiō to places lesse noble And Auicenna saythe that euery Crisis is grod Crisis but in a fieuer pestilentiall Carbūculus Thys pustle is called a Carbuncle bycause the place where it is becommeth redde and burneth wyth great payne as yf a coale were layed vpon the membre Anthrax Anthrax is a greke word and sygnifieth also a coale for it gnaweth and eateth the flesche as a burnynge coale And ye muste note that Anthrax is a malygne pustle hauyng about it certayne lytle yelowe veynes of the coloure of the rayne bowe For the sayde veynes ben sometyme redde somtyme grene and blacke And at the begynnynge the pustle is no greater than a lentile hauynge the poynte fyxed inwarde It causeth intolerable payne wyth cruell accidentes wyth great ponderosite or heuynes as yf leade on the place dydde oppresse it and the patyent hathe great luste to slepe We wyll wryte a specyall Chapitre of Carbunculus and Anthrax and of the Aposteme whyche chaunseth to them that haue the Pestylence called Bubo Nowe it is euydente what dyfference there is betwene Carbunculus and Anthrax namely in greatnes and smalnes Signes of dethe in Carbunculus After thys knowelege We muste comme to the sygnes whych ben fyue Fyrste ye shall note that yf the Carbuncle appeare and than departe and hyde hymselfe wythout greate alyenation or chaunge of the patient it is a sygne of deathe Secondly yf the place in whyche the Carbuncle was drye vp wythout raysonable causes it sygnyfyeth that the patyent is nygh deathe after the sentence of Hypocrates Thyrdlye yf it be right ouer agaynste the harte or the stomake for the moste parte it is mortall The fourthe pronostyke is whā the Carbuncle commethe to the clensynge plases it is mortall bycause hys venimousnes commeth easelye to the pryncypall membres The fyfthe is that amonge the emunctories those of the harte are moste suspected of deathe The reason is euydent to thē that consydre the poysonned nature of the mattyer For it is alwaye the nature of Venimous mattyer to assaute fyrste the harte as the captayne of mannes bodye Thus thys present Chapitre is ended for whych the name of god be praysed ¶ The .xix. Chapitre of the cure of Carbunculus and Anthrax IN the cure of Carbunculus The cure of Carbūculus Anthrax and Anthrax fyue intentions ben required The fyrste is to ordre the lyfe The secōde to purge the mattyer antecedent The thirde to take awaye the mattier conioyncte The fourthe to purifye the ayre of the house and to rectifie it frome daye to daye and to counforte the harte aswell wythin as wythout The fyfthe to correcte the accidentes Diete The fyrste is accomplysshed by the syx thynges not naturall declinynge to coldnes and dryenes as the ayer and meates ce Wherefore the patient muste eate the meates declared in the chapitre of herisipelas as laictuce a ptisane of barley wyne of Granades and al aygre thynges as Limmōs Veriuyce and lyke thynges mēgled wyth hys meates Semblably ye muste gyue hym in the fyrste dayes a brothe of a chickin and flesche altered wyth veriuyce wyth commune seedes brayed Almandes and the cromes of breade well leuenned Ye maye gyue hym also delayed wyne of small strength and that is of the nature of wyne of Pomegranades Neuertheles thys I admitte only yf the bodye be weake and the disease furious and the accidentes euyll For Auicenne saythe in the chapitre of a fieuer pestilentiall They that eate stronglye perchaunse scape the daungier of so great a disease Finally they that haue a Carbuncle or Anthrax lette them be gouerned as they that haue a Pestilentyall fyeuer The seconde intention is to purge the mattier antecedent And it is accomplished by purgyng the humours by conuenient medicines Flebotomye of the same parte and by flebotomie Assone as ye shall perceaue thys dysease to be euydente incontinently cutte a veyne in the sydewhere the Carbuncle is and not in the opposyte or contrarye And before ye cutte a veyne ye muste alwaye vse a Clister lenityue howbeit some saye that ye muste cutte a veyne in the part opposyte or ouer agaynst regardyng more the daungyer of drawynge the venimous mattyer to the sore place than the peryll of the venimous mattier passynge ouer the pryncipall mēbres They that ben of thys opinion doe euyll as a lerned Chirurgien Antonius Gainereus testifyeth sayinge that in the curation of a Carbuncle or of a pestiferous kernell or botche called Bubo a flebotomye must not be made but in the same parte where the Aposteme is And it muste be done without anye tariynge For whan nature perceauethe that a pryncypall membre is hurte she enforceth to sende the infected bloude to the emunctores as hyr enemye wherefore yf ye lette bloode
copyously at the begynnynge accordynge to the age and strength of the patient The profyte of flebotomy there comme thereby two great profytes to nature The fyrste is that the corrupted bloode is drawē from a principal membre to the emūctories which thynge nature enforced hyr selfe to doe The seconde is that nature hathe discharged hyr selfe of thys venimous mattyer so that afterwarde suche corruption canne not extende it selfe vpon the membre wherefore ye ought to be ware that ye lette bloode none otherwyse than we haue sayde For yf the Carbuncle be founde in the emunctories of the brayne as in the ryght syde yf nowe ye open the veyne cardiake or basilike in the lyfte syde ye shal drawe the infected bloode to the harte or lyuer And yf the Carbuncle be vndre the ryght arme hole and ye open the lyfte Cardiake or lyfte Basilyke ye shall drawe the venimous mattyere to the pryncypall membres If the Aposteme be in the flankes and ye open the veyne called Basylyke it draweth the mattyer to the lyuer Therefore whan the Aposteme is in the Flankes it is better to open the veyne Sciatyke or Saphena For in drawynge the sayde bloude ye shall ayde nature greatlye Wherefore it appeareth that in thys case to committe any error is the cause of deathe Furthere it is to be noted that yf ye canne not lette bloode thorough the weakenes of the patient or for some other cause Than in the steede of Flebotomye it is good to boxe or cuppe the place wyth depe scarificatyon Boxinge or applicatiō of Ventoses as for the emunctoryes of the heade ye muste boxe and make scarificatyon vpon the necke For the emunctoryes of the harte ye muste laye the same ventoses vpon the shulders For the emunctoryes of the Lyuer boxe the buttockes or the thyghes Thus we conclude that we muste euer lette bloode in the sore place for the alleged causes After lettynge of bloode dygeste the mattyer after thys sorte Digestyue yf the disease gyue leysure to take a medicine ℞ of Syrupe of vinaigre of the iuyce of endiuie and of Syrupe of vinaygre called Acetosus symplex or fumiterre Ana ℥ ss of the waters of Endiuie buglosse and hoppes Ana ℥ j. Purgation mengle them After that the patient hath vsed thys Syrupe foure or fyue dayes lette hym take thys potyon yerlye in the mornynge ℞ of Cassia of diacatholicon Ana ʒ v. of electuarye of Roses after Mesue ʒ ij and. ss wyth the decoctyon of cordiall stoures and frutes addynge of Syrupe of Violettes ℥ j. and. ss The nexte daye after the takynge of thys medicine it is verye good to take a clyster Lenityue Whan the mattyer is malygne and furious so that it is not a Carbuncle but Anthrax the mattyer muste be purged wythout digestion bycause Anthrax gyueth no leysure to the patient to digeste the mattyer Wherefore Hypocrates sayde wel that we shuld purge thynges digested and not moue rawe thynges excepte it were verye expedyent Ye shall note that there ben foure cases Howe a purgatyon maye be geuē without a digestiue in whyche ye maye gyue a purgatyon wythout digestyon goynge before The fyrst is whan the mattyer is in great quantyte The seconde whan the mattyere is furyous The thyrde whan the mattyer is venimous as in Anthrax other diseases procedynge of venimous mattier The fourthe is whan the disease is caused of mattyer deryued of a pryncypall membre hurtynge the same As it chaunseth in the pestilence whan a noble membre is touched of infectyon it sendethe the same infectyon to the emunctoryes and ingendreth in them a Carbuncle or Aposteme by the waye of mutation or chaungynge Whan the mattyer is minished ye maye comme to the dygestion of euyll humours and afterwarde to purgatyon Here foloweth a purgatyon verye good for hym that hath Anthrax ℞ of Cassie of diaprunis non solutiui Purgatyon of Diacatholicon Ana ℥ ss of the confectyon of hamech of electuarye de Psillio Ana ʒ j. and. ss wyth a decoctyon of cordyal floures and frutes wherin hathe been sodden of Terebentyne and dittanye Ana ʒ j. of scabiouse of sorell and of the iuyce of Pomegranades make a smalle potion addynge of Syrupe of Vyolettes ℥ j. and. ss The thyrde intentyon whyche is to take awaye the mattyer conioynte is accomplysshed through applicatyon of conuenyent thynges aswell in the hole partes as in the sore And whan the Chyrurgyen hathe perceaued the Carbuncle or Anthrax by euydent sygnes Cornelius Celsus sayethe that there is no greater remedye nor surer waye than incontinentlye to burne the Carbuncle wyth an hote Yron comprehendynge the corrupted parte Cauterie vnto the hole or els to vse a potentyall cauterie so that ye maye see a cyrcle rounde aboute the Carbuncle For a cyrcle aboute the Carbuncle is a sygne of the termynatyon of the venimnes after the opinion of Arzi But we ought euer to be ware that the nygh and sanguine partes be not touched of thys cauterye For it wolde grieue the place wythout profytte and as Galene sayeth that shall not helpe that hathe hurte in it selfe Payne The greate payne caused by aygre medicines vpon the hole place is an euydent cause of drawynge mattyere to the sayde hole parte wythout anye succoure yea it is a cause that malignyte is ioyned to malygnyte For payne is as a cuppynge glasse drawyng humours to the paynfull place And to comme to practyce it is conuenyente to ordeyne the maners and formes whyche be requyred in the curatyon of a Carbuncle or Anthrax Fyrste laye vpon the hole parte thys defensyue Defensyue ℞ of Oyle of Roses of Oyle Mirtine Ana ℥ ij of the iuyce of plantayne and nyghschade of whyte vynegre Ana ℥ j. and. ss lette them boyle all together vnto the consumptyon of the iuyce than putte to of whyte waxe ℥ j. of all the faunders Ana ℥ j. of bole Armenye of terra Sigillata Ana ℥ ss of whyte Coralle and redde Ana ʒ j. mengle them Whan ye haue layed thys defensyue vpon the hole parte laye vpon the sore parte a playstere of floures wyth sodden wyne and a lytle lye whyche is described in the Chapitre of the cure of Cancrena and Ascachilos Also vse the corrosyue medicynes whyche shal be rehersed in thys Chapytre vntyll ye perceaue that the venimnesse of the Carbuncle is mortifyed We haue foūd thyes corrosyue medicines to be of gret vtilitie Corrosyue medicines Whan the bodye is stronge ye maye vse an actuall cauterye so that the Carbuncle be not in a Synnowie place Ye maye also vse a potentyall cauterye begynnynge at the easyest as is Vnguentum Egyptiacum of our descriptyon wryten in the Chapytre of the cure of Formica Corrosyua or with Vnguentum Egyptiacum whyche hathe in it the vertue of Arsenyke and is declared in the same Chapytre or wyth Trocisques of Minium descrybed in oure antidotarye in the Chapytre of corrosyue medicines or wyth a ruptorie of