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A19657 The confutation of the. xiii. articles, wherunto Nicolas Shaxton, late byshop of Salilburye [sic] subscribed and caused to be set forth in print the yere of our Lorde. M.C.xlvi. [sic] whe[n] he recanted in Smithfielde at London at the burning of mestres Anne Askue, which is liuely set forth in the figure folowynge. In the nexte page shalt thou finde the contentes of thys little boke. Crowley, Robert, 1518?-1588.; Shaxton, Nicholas, 1485?-1556. 1548 (1548) STC 6083; ESTC S105139 70,962 161

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whether it were necessarye for Christe to i●stitute the communion vnder boeth the kyndes or not If it were necessarye as I thynke you wyll not denye then is it also necessarye that al as manye as shall be admitted to that communion do also recey●e it vnder boeth k●ndes Othere●s were the one parte instituted in vayne For other vie is there none of thys sacramēt but to be receyued of the faythful beleuers to remembre the deathe of Christe thereby and to certifie theyr owne consciences of the part they haue with him in al hys deserninges of the couplinge togyther of al the fayethful mēbres of Christes churche into one body by faith But if you be so shāles that you wyl deny that Christ did necessarilie instituted the cōmmion in boeth the kyndes then wyll I saye vnto you that he could not otherwyse haue declared vnto vs the misterye of hys ●leshe and bloud thē by boeth the kyndes For what other thyng is the mistery of the flesh and bloud of Christ then that lyke as the body lyueth by breade and brothe recey●ed by the mouthe so doeth the soule lyue by the merites and dese●●ynges of Christe in the fleshe receyued by faieth as by the mouth of the soule And thys is it that Christe speaketh of Iohn .vi. Except ye eate the flesh of the sonne of man and drynke his bloude you shal haue no life in you So that if he woulde by visible signes declare vnto vs that his fleshe bloude are the necessarie fode of oure foules no remedye he muste nedes do it by the necessary fode of oure bodyes Seynge therefore that the broth or lycoure is as necessarye for the sustinaunce of our bodyes as the breade is it could not be but necessary to institute this Sacrament or misterye in boeth Well now I am sure you wyll not denye the necessitie of institutynge the communion in boeth the kyndes But thus perhappes you wyll say wyth your scholmaisters that as the Apostels who onelye were presente at the institution therof were priestes so is it onelye necessarye that priestes receyue it in boeth the kyndes For the wordes of the supper beynge spoken to the Apostles must extend no farther then to theyr successours If al the Apostles were priestes then is it like that the ordre of knaue traitour priestes hath bene deriued euen frome the Apostles tyme. For there was one amonge them that was a kna●e a traitour And therupōyo●● ground I am sure that a kna●e priest may celebrate receyue the sacramēt in both the kyndes bycause he is the successoure of one of the Apostles whyche was a knaue Bu● nowe to the purpose That all the Apostles were priestes I de●●● For Iudas whoe was no membre of Christe coulde not be a prieste Here if you wyll saye that then manye of oure priestes at thys daye be no priestes bycause some of theym be membres of the deuyl I wyl not greatly stycke to graūt you tha● conclusion For if you speake of a prieste whyche is signified by thys worde Sacerdos I say the church of Christ knoweth none other priesthode but that whych ●s spoken of in the fyrste of the reuelations And of that ordre is none that is not the tru membre of Christe And suche one offereth hys owne membres an acceptable sacrifice to God And euery one that offereth this sacrifice is a prieste of thys ordre thoughe he be neyther shauen nor annoynted And such priestes were al the apostles Iudas only excepted they onelye are the apost●es successours that offer this sacrifice And therfore ought they a● ▪ they only to receiue both the kindes of the communion For amongest other thē these can ther be no communion of Christes bodye and bloude though they deuoure neuer so manye sacramentes to theyr owne condemnation But if you speake of a prieste which is signified by this word presbiter that is to say an elder I wyll say your priests for the most part are elderly inough and so old musty barters that they wil hold no newe wyne And so are they not the successoures of the Apostles vnlesse it were of the Apostle Iudas the traytoure for they were elders able to gouern the people with Godly do●trine and ensample of lyfe I cōclude therefore that as manye of your priestes as are not the true membres of Christe are as good priestes as Iudas was apostle and do God as good seruise in sellynge hys Sacramentes as Iudas dyd in sellyng his sonne Wel let vs returne to the words of the supper to proue whether they wil birefe vs of the one parte or n● The wordes spoken of the breade are these Take ye eate ye thys is my bodye whych is broken for you And of the cup is sayed Dryuke euery one of you of thys for thys is my bloude in the new testament which shalbeshed for manye into remissiō of sinnes ▪ Now tel me if any of the true mēbres of Christ may lefully be de feated of any of these parts If ye may wyth hold any part frō thē it must be the bread ra ther thē the wine For it is saied of the wine Drynke euery one of you of thys Euen as though he would haue said Take hede you be not defeated of thys parte There shall come bribours that shall withholde it frō a great nūbre of your successours saying that I spake these wordes to you onely to suche as shoulde beare the name of my ministers And therfore they heynge none of youre successours and yet boestynge them selues to be your onely successours shall vsurpe to them selues thys part of your communion But teach you in al the world that the wordes whych I speake vnto you I speake vnto as many as shal trulye professe my name Drynke you euery one of this Wherfore I conclude that it is a thynge of necessitie that the communion be ministered in boeth the kyndes to all the fayethfull membres of Christ And that if is the an abuse to minister it to anye of them vnder one kynde onelye But because I perceiue whēse this great erroure of yours springeth I shal somwhat speake therof For asmuch as saye you vnder eyther of boeth the partes is conteined whole Christ body and bloud it must nedes folow that it is none abuse to minister to the people vnder one kynde onely An assertion worthy a fleshly philosopher sauourynge more of Aristotle thē of Christ For if it were graunted that the sacramentall breade were turned into a lyueynge bodye then woulde Aristotle saye that there must nedes be bloud in the same or els some other humoure of the same nature to supply the office of bloude Hetherto Aristotle taketh youre parte But when you saye that in the bloude muste nedes be whole Christe boeth bodie and bloude there Aristotle leaueth you For he is not of the opinion that the whole ought to be presente wyth euerye part though he affyrme the partes to be necessarylye presente wyth the whole
of natiōs he reproueth the thoughtes of the people and the councels of princes but the councell of the Lorde abydeth for euer Psalme .xxxiii And amonge those forsayed syx articles I moste distent from other in the Sacramēt of Christes blessed bodye and bloude For where as they say that vnder the accidentes whyche be there by a miracle wythout any substance is conteyned the naturall bodye and bloude of Christe our Sauioure I denye those fayned miracles saye that there doeth still remayne bread and wyne in their kynde and be consecrated by the inuisible workynge of the holye Goste to be a sacramente sygne or token of the blessed body of our Sauioure Christ torne on the crosse for oure redemption And as towchynge these wordes thys is my bodye that is geuen for you for as muche as they be a parte of the scripture euen oure sauioure Christes wordes of him that neuer made lie I beleue thē to be certayne and true in that sense that he spake theim and meante theim Thys is my sure fayeth wherfore I am herein far frome any peryle of herisie althoughe I wade no farther therin at al but euen prison my wit reason and vnderstanding into the obsequie seruice and obedience of Christe and fayth and say to my selfe thus For as muche as manye and excellentelye learned men varye wythin them selues in the interpretation of this sentence thys is my bodye ▪ et cetera therefore it muste nedes 〈…〉 and saye The thinges that we haue hearde and sene we muste ●eades speake Lamente your ouerthrow and wepe wyth Peter and he that made him strōge againe shal strengthen you also Thus I leaue you to Christ Whom I mooste hertelye beseche to plucke out of your herte the doctrine that your .iiii. scholemaisters taughte you and plante in you agayne the doctrine of hys heauenlye father to youre saluation the establishinge of the consciences of them whome your fall dyd offende For whose sakes I haue taken in hande to confute youre Articles trustynge that God wyll so worcke in the heries of them and you boeth that you shall all reioyce wyth me for your deliueraunce from that deuilleishe doctrine that you saye you learned of those deuynes that were sent to you in the tyme of your laste imprisonment ❧ Hereafter foloweth the true copie of the Articles with the confutation of the same ¶ Shaxton ¶ The fyrste Article ALmyghtie God by the power of hys word pronoūced by the priest at masse in the cōsecration turneth the breade and wyne into the very natural bodye and bloude of our sauiour Iesus Christe So that after the consecration there remayneth no substaunce of breade and wyne but only the substaunce of Christ God and man Crowley Thys is sone spoken But to proue by the scriptures that it is true therein lieth all the difficultie of the matter Here I am sure your foure scholemaisters wyll saye That it is done is manifeste by the scriptures But howe it is done reason can not attayne to knowe Wherefore we muste agaynste reason beleue the wonderful worke of God aboue reason Yet am not I satisfied Neither can I beleue that they can proue by the scripturs that the breade and wyne are turned into the bodye and bloud of Christ Let your scholmaisters therefore or els do you theyr scholer shew me what scripture you haue for thys youre opinion I am certayne you haue none at al ▪ excepte it be one that you are wont to wrest for your purpose and that is thys The Lorde Iesus in the same night in the whyche he was betrayed toke breade gaue thankes and brake it sayinge Take ye eate ye thys is my bodye whyche is broken for you Hereupon I am sure you wil infer his conclution Ergo the breade is turned into hys bodye For the selfe same almyghtye God whyche by hys worde created al thinges of nought hath spokē these wordes and is much more able to alter and chaunge the nature of thynges that be then he was to make the same thynges of nought Wherfore cetera Thus haue ye cōfirmed this parte Thē saye you of the wyne After the same maner also he toke the cup when supper was done and sayed Thys cup is the newe testament in my bloud Thys do as oftē as ye drinke it in the remembraunce of me Here say you and your scholemaisters The same Christe whych is able to perfourme hys word hath sayed of the breade and wyne that they are hys bodye and bloude Ergo they muste nedes be hys very naturall body and bloud al substaunce of breade and wyne turned into the same I doubte not but ther is all that you and your scholemaisters woulde desyre me to conclude for your purpose To thys I wyth Goddes helpe wyl make suche answere that you and all other youre fauters shal be ashamed to wreste it so farre oute of tune here after For the fyrste parte you shal vnderstand that I haue taken the text wrytten by saynct Paul to the Corinthyans bycause this place of Paule is an exposition of the same matter wryttē by the Euangelistes They writ that Christe toke breade and blessed gaue it to hys disciples But Paule wrytynge to a people that knewe not what thys blissing that the Iewes vsed shoulde meane he calleth that same blessynge thankes geuynge Declarynge therby hat the blyssynge that the Iewes vsed whyche our sauiour Christ also vsed in thys actiō was not altogyther such crossing gestures as our masse masters vse but cō●rarywyse voyd of al suche foleish toyes and replenished wyth all Godlye veneration and thankes geuynge Exemple of thyshane me in the stories of Abraham Isaas and Iacob wyth other the fathers or the olde Testamente Seynge therfore that Christ toke bread gaue thankes it muste nedes folowe that he gaue suche thankes as the fathers the patriarckes and Prophetes vsed to geue Neyther makyng sygne of the crosse nor of the galow tree for it had bene all one to make the sygne of the crosse then and to make the signe of the galow tre uow For as theues and all other perniciouse felowes be nowe hanged on the galowe tree so were they then on che crosse but wyth reuerente gesture of the bodye and vpryghte countenaunce towarde heauen he called on the name of hys father moste humbly besechynge hym to worcke inwardly in the hertes of hys Apostles the thynge that he entended to declare to theim by a visible signe And. S. Paule calleth thys blessyng a thankes geuynge bycause the fathers dyd alwayes vse in the beginnyng of this blessing to geue thankes to God for the greate merrye that he had allwayes shewed vnto them In token whereof they committed vnto hys mercye also theyr dearlye beloued children most humbly besechyng hym to shew lyke mercye vnto theim in prosperynge the succession of theyr enheritaunce that they by the assistent grace of God myght walke in the feare of the Lorde from generation to generation foreuer Thus dyd Christe
creaturs and thynke not on that breade which the baker hath baked but on hym that called him selfe the breade of lyfe who is signified by the misticall breade Saynte Ambrose also ●pon the Sacrament writeth these wordes Thys bread that goeth into the bodye is not so scrupelouslye sought of vs but the breade of eternall lyfe whyche vpholdeth the substaunce of oure soule Saint Augustine also writeth on this ●n the .xxviii ●●rmon vpon 〈◊〉 Lorddes ●ordes in ●uke wyse Vse you thys bread dayly or do you after the custome of the Grekes in the easte parte who receyue it at the yeares ende If you thinke these mē to be none of the church why do not your honourable Lordes burne theyr bookes as well as they dyd the Bible wyth other pore mens bokes wherein was nothynge els conteyned but that is also in these mennes bokes But to what purpose were it for me to spende muche tyme in reprouyng your honourable fathers doyngs seynge my lyfe tyme would not suffice to do it anye thynge to the purpose And to pull you backe agayne frō your detestable blindnes I thynke it impossible For Paule writyng to the Hebre. sayth It is not possible that they whych be once illuminate and haue tasted of the heauenlye gyfte and be made partakers of the holye Gooste and that haue also tasted of the good worde of God and of the powers of the worlde to come are slypped out agayne to be brought againe vnto penitēce for that in asmuch as in them lyeth they haue crucisied the son of God anewe for theyr owne pleasure hauynge him in dirision Thys notwythstandynge the mercye of God is vpon all hys worckes and thynges not possible to mā are possible to God who knoweth the secretes of your herte whether you fell of weakenes thorowe the feare of death or of contempte If of weakenes as it is our partes to iudge then dispayre not For God hathe aboundaunce of mercye in store wherin you shal haue your part if you repente I woulde wyshe that youre scholemaisters and you myght be wonne by this my laboure But if your hertes be so stony that the truth can take no rote therin it shal suffice me if other the symple membres of Christ hauynge light may escape the stumblynge stockes that you haue layed in theyr waye For theyr sakes therfore chiefely and for you and suche other if it be possible that you maye be brought from your blyndenes I haue enterprised thys daungerouse labour And for that thys Article as it is fyrst so is it the chefe and principall wherof the most parte of the other do depende and hange I am the more earnest in the confutation therof knowynge for certentie that the consciences boeth of you and of your honourable scholmaisters are on my syde But feare to lose the Lordlyke lyuynges of thys worlde preuayleth agaynste vs boeth You say with the pharises Ne forte Romani But I doubt not the good mould shal brynge forth fruite by receyuyng the seed Knowynge that neither the God head can be made of any other substaunce nother the breade and wyne turned into Christes fleshe and bloude at all tymes when it shal please the prieste to play a masse mooste superstitiouslye breathynge out the wordes that oure Sauioure Christe spake to no suche purpose For as S. Augustine ●pon Iohn the .xxx trea●ise sayeth it maye be in one place onelye And as the same Augustine writeth to Dardanus We muste take good heede that we make not so diuine a thynge of thys bodye that we denie it to be a body For it foloweth not that all thynges whyche be in Christe shoulde be in all places at once as Christ is For then shoulde we also be in all places at once For the scripture doth truely record of vs that we lyue moue and be in hym It is manifest therfore that notwithstanding the wordes pronounced by the prieste the breade and wine remaine in their natural propertie euen after the consecration as you call it Shaxton ❧ The seconde Article THe sayed blessed Sacramente beynge once consecrated is remayneth styl the very body and bloud of our sauioure Christ althoughe it be reserued not presētly distributed Crowley Thys Article is a braunche of the othe● and is not in credite wyth thē that haue the other in suspition Wherefore haueynge sufficientlye spoken of the other it shall not nede me to tarye longe vpon thys Neuertheles bicause I perceyue you go aboute to hange an other article vpon thys I shal by the healpe of God make hym so bare that your other shal take no holde therat Wher as you saye therfore that thys Sacramente beynge once consecrated remayneth styl the verye bodye and bloude of Christe I muste ashe you this questian Whether the bodye and bloude of oure sauioure Christe be corruptible and maie putrifie or not I am certayne of it you wyll saye no. Well then muste I aske you an other question If the Sacramente be longe kepte paste the tyme that breade and wyne wyll naturallye be swete wyll it not be mouldy r●tten and sower I doubte not but you wyll saye yea For your holy father made a lawe that you shoulde shyfte the pyxe euerye moneth puttyng into it newe consecrated cakes and spende the olde the wine maye not be kept at al but presētly spent whē it is consecrated bycause it will sone be sower Is not all thys true I am sure you can not deny it Wel then wyl I cōclude wyth this questiō If the substaunce of the sacramēte I meane the naturall substaunce maye be musty rotten and sower and the bodye and bloud of Christe whyche you saye is the onelye substaunce of the Sacramente can not by anye meanes putrifie I praye you tell me howe the bodye and bloud remayneth in the Sacrament beynge reserued and what thynge it is that doeth therin receyue putrifaction Perchaunce you wyll answere me as youre scholmaisters are wonte to answere when men saye they fele see and taste breade and wyne in the Sacrament The qualities say they do remain but the substaunce is chaūged into the bodye and bloude But when the Sacramente shall be corrupted I thynke your scholemaisters you wil saye that the substa●●ce remaineth and the qualities be chaunged That is to saye the bodye and bloude of Christe whych as you say is the onelye substaunce of the Sacramente remayneth vncorrupted but the qualities that is to saye swetenes clear●es whytenes al other the qualities of breade and wyne do corrupte Would God youre greate maister Aristotle myghte heare you make thys answere I doubte not he woulde beare no more wyth you then he dyd wyth hys maister Plato in the opiniō of the eternitie of the worlde But you wyll saye perchaunce What shoulde we do wyth Aristotle in these matters Aristotle was a manne that builded altogyther vpon reason but in thys thynge we muste stycke to fayeth and let reason passe But wyth your patience