corrupted both their Faith and their Fortitude and straitway restored it to the English Crown A great while after when England was embroiled in Civil Wars King Henry the Sixth flying into that Kingdom for refuge surrendred it up into the hands of that King to secure him his Life and Safety in that Country but many Years were not expired before Sir Thomas Stanley did again reduce it under the command of King Edward the Fourth but not without a great loss of his Men and much Blood spilt about its Walls since which our Kings have been still strengthening it with new Fortifications especially Queen Elizabeth who to the Terrour of the Scots and Safe-guard of this Nation enclosed it about in a narrower compass within the old Wall with a high Wall of Stone most strongly compacted which she hath so forwarded again with a Couterscarp a Bank round about with Mounts of Earth cast up on high and open Terraces above-head upon all which are planted a double tire of great Ordnance that when the Scots entred England in 1640 they took Newcastle but durst not attempt Berwick In this place is still maintained a constant Garrison of Soldiers and the Guards which are placed at the foot of the Bridge which is built over the Tweed do every Night pull up the Draw-Bridges and lock up the Gates which give entrance into the Town so that there is no admission when once the day is gone Tweed All along the Tweed is notable Fishing for Salmons of which there is such great store and plenty in this River that they take vast numbers at one draught as we were credibly informed by the Fishermen of this place who hire out the Fishery from the Lords of the River and have each Man his Bounds set out and mark'd for him The Salmon which they catch are dried barrelled up and transported beyond Seas and are purchased at such easie and cheap Rates that a Man may buy one of the largest for a Shilling and boil it and eat it while the Heart is yet alive a thing which is frequently practised in this place nay they are so common about these Parts that the Servants as they say do usually indent with their Masters when they hire them to feed them with this Fish only some Days in the Week that they may not be nauseated by too often eating of it but as for all other Provisions they are scarce enough here and dearer than in any other parts of the North so that he that first called Berwick the little Purgatory betwixt England and Scotland by reason of the hard Usage and Exactions which are customary here did confer upon it a very just and deserved Title The Borders of Scotland After we were past Berwick we came into that noted Ground lying betwixt the two Kingdoms called the Borders the Inhabitants whereof have ever been reputed a sort of Military Men subtile nimble and by reason of their frequent Skirmishes to which they were formerly accustomed well experienced and adventurous These Borders have been formerly of a far greater extent reaching as far as Edinburgh-Frith and Dunbritton Northward and taking in the Counties of Northumberland Cumberland and Westmorland Southward but since the Norman Conquest they have been bounded by Tweed on the East Solway on the West and the Cheuiot Hills in the midst From these Borders we marched towards the Kingdom of Scotland concerning which I shall in the first place give a brief Account of some Observations we made here in general before I proceed to a particular Description of such Places and Cities through which we travelled From whence at first it received this denomination is dubious and uncertain Scotland being formerly called Caledonia from the Caledonii a chief People of it and Albania from Albany a principal Province in the North but as for the Inhabitants some will fetch their Original from thy Scythi a Sarmatian People of great Renown who after they had wandred about through many Countries came at last and setled themselves in this place but the most probable Opinion is that they were no other than Irish united in the name of Scot about the declination of the Roman Empire the word Scot signifying in their Language a Body aggregated into one out of many particulars as the word Alman in the Dutch Language Though I find the Scotch Historians will rather derive it from Scota Daughter to Pharoah King of Egypt who being given in Marriage to Gathelus Son of Cecrops King of Athens who with some valiant Grecians and Egyptians transplanted themselves into a part of Spain then called Lusitania but by reason of his arrival named Port-gathel now Portugal they afterwards setling themselves in Gallicia sent from thence a new Colony into Ireland from whence at last they removed into this Country This Gathelus brought with him from Egypt the Marble fatal Chair which was transported to Ireland and to Albion now called Scotland wherein all their Kings were Crowned until the time of King Edward the First who transported the whole ancient Regalia of Scotland with the Marble fatal Chair to Westminster where it remaineth to this day by which was fulfilled that ancient Scotch Prophecy thus expressed in Latin by Hector Boethius Ni fallat fatum Scoti hunc quocunque locatum Invenient lapidem regnare tenentur ibidem In English by Raphael Holinshead Except old Saws do fail And Wisards Wits be blind The Scots in place must Reign Where they this Stone shall find By another Hand thus The Scots shall brook that Realm as Native Ground If Weirds fail not where e'er this Chair is found This Kingdom being divided into two parts by the River Tay hath thirty-four Counties in the South part are reckoned up these that follow Teifidale March Lothien Liddesdale Eskdale Annandale Niddesdale Galloway Carrick Kyle Cunningham Arran Cluidsdale Lennox Sterling Fife Stratherne Menth Argile Cantire Lorne In the North part are reckoned these Counties Loquhabre Braid-Albin Perth Athol Angus Merne Marr Buquhan Murray Ross Southerland Cathaness Steathnavern These are subdivided again according to their Civil Government into divers Seneschallies or Sheriffdoms which are commonly Hereditary and the People which inhabit each are called High-landers and Low-landers The Highlanders High-landers who inhabit the West part of the Country in their Language Habit and Manners agree much with the Customs of the Wild Irish Elgin and their chief City is Elgin in the County of Murray seated upon the Water of Lossy formerly the Bishop of Murray's Seat with a Church sumptuosly built but now gone to decay They go habited in Mantles striped or streaked with divers colours about their Shoulders which they call Plodden with a Coat girt close to their Bodies and commonly are naked upon their Legs but wear Sandals upon the Soles of their Feet and their Women go clad much after the same Fashion They get their Living mostly by Hunting Fishing and Fowling and when they go to War the
Order of St. Austin and dedicated to St. Botolph and St. Julian In the late unhappy Civil Wars it had its share of Calamities for being close Besieged by their Enemies the Royalists within behaved themselves so bravely that they could neither take it by Violence nor enforce it to a surrender till having block'd up all Avenues whereby the least Provision might be conveyed to them within they were reduced to such Exigency and Want Hunger exercising its Tyranny within the Walls with no less rigour than the Enemy did without that they were compelled by one Enemy to Surrender to another and to fall by the Sword rather than die by Hunger Nor were the Royalists more famous for their Valour and Bravery than the adverse Party was infamous for their Baseness and Treachery for having got possession of the Town they did not only exercise the utmost Rigour and Severity upon the weaker sort who could make no Resistance but even in cold Blood did they barbarously Murder Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle Persons of great Integrity and undaunted Courage who became Victorious to their Malice being cruelly shot to Death by the Sanguinary Hands of the Insolent Soldiers in the Castle-yard on which Spot of Ground where they fell down dead there hath never since as is reported sprouted up any Grass as there was wont to do the very Ground it self it seems ever since being clad with mourning Weeds and the Grass as it were dreading such execrable Murders retires and hides it self within the Bowels of the Earth But tho' just Nemesis designs perhaps that plat as a Monument of infamy to succeeding generations yet doth a Vault prepared for the Family of Sir Charles Lucas secure both his own and Fellow-sufferers Body from any farther Attempts of the Sons of Violence and being wrapped in Lead they lie in that Church which was next to his own House and was formerly a fair and Sumptuous Structure but was ruinated by his Enemies who hated the House for the Masters sake and were so maliciously incensed against all that had relation to that Noble Family that they sacrilegiously violated the Tombs of the Lady Lucas and Killigrew in the Church adjoyning and inhumanely used their dead Bodies dismembring and disjoynting their very Trunks and wearing their Hair in their Hats by way of Triumph The Castle is now quite demolished and gone to decay and though they shew'd us a Brazen-Gate which gives entrance as they say to a Vault fifteen Miles under-ground yet the Stories they multiply concerning both are so Romantickly idle and extravagant that there is little credit to be given to any Relations concerning them As for the Town it is very Rich and Populous and there are Merchants of considerable Estates and great Traders who inhabit it The chief Manufacture of the Place is Stuff and Bays which are from thence transported into divers parts of the World and there being a Colony of Dutchmen planted here they are industrious in keeping up the Trade nor is it less Famous for its Oysters which by the general Vogue of most Persons are reputed the best in England We betook our selves from hence into its Neighbouring County of Suffolk which is divided into too Parts called High and Low Suffolk Suffolk the former of which is Miry and Dirty the other more Pleasant and Delightful but both are of a fat and fertile Soil the Air is here Wholesome and counted proper for Consumptive people the Country abounds in Rye Pease and Hemp feeds abundance of Sheep and produceth great Store of Butter and Cheese 't is every where adorned with stately Palaces and Magnificent Edifices to which the Parks Replenished with Game adjoyning are very conducive to their Profit and Delight The first place of note we arrived at here was Ipswich Ipswich called by the Saxons Gippeswick situate on the North side of the Stour at the foot of a steep Hill commodious for its haven enriched by Forreign commerce replenished with Inhabitants adorned with several Magnificent Churches and being united into a Corporation is governed by two Bayliffs who have all other Ministers befitting their Grandeur to attend them It has been formerly fortified with Rampires and Trenches but to little purpose it being incapable of Defence by its Situation because commanded by hills on all sides but the South and South-east So that the Danes did easily master it 991. who nine Years after reduced it in a manner to a heap of Ruines in the Norman times it began to recover it self insomuch that it consists at this time of divers Parishes graced with many fair Buildings The Normans built a Castle which held out Stoutly against King Stephen but was forced at last to Surrender and is supposed by Cambden to have been demolished by Henry the Second Here Landed the 3000 Flemmings called in by the Nobility against the said King Henry when his Sons rebell'd against him and 't is very observable that in the Civil Wars under the Reign of Charles the First this Town stood clear of most of those Calamities which overspread and involved the rest of the Nation The Streets are kept clean and well Pav'd and in the midst of the Market-place which is surrounded with rich Shops Stands a curious Cross with the Essigies of the great and Impartial Goddess Astraea bearing a pair of Scales in the one Hand and a Sword in the other a fit emblem to remind the Magistrates of the exact measures they must use in the distribution of Justice and with what Severity they must proceed in discountemanding all the contrary acts of Violence and Oppression The Store-houses which are kept for the Kings Ships do much promote the Trade of the Town and there is no small Advantage rebounds to it by the continual supply of Stores which upon occasion are made for the Royal Navy Before the Subversion of Monasteries it had its share of some such Religious Houses and of a Magnificent College begun by Cardinal Woolsey who receiving here his first Breath though of a mean Extraction being only a Butchers Son did at last attain to such Dignity and Renown as to surmount most Prelatical Grandees that have been in this Nation before him but as he was mounted up with admiration to the Hill of Honour he did at last as suddenly tumble down headlong from that dangerous Precipice and though it might have been as truly said of him in one as it was of Alexander the Great in another Sense Aestuat infaelix angusto limite Mundi that this microcosm of our English Soil was too little and narrow for his large and boundless Thoughts and ambitious Desires yet behold Sarcophago contentus a little Urn contains all his Pomp and Grandeur which extended it self from our British Island to the Popish Conclave at Rome and his dust appears of no finer mold than those poor Creatures from whom at first he lineally descended After some respite in this Place we pass'd on through Needham Stow
and as nobly attended with a splendid Retinue the Heralds of Arms and other Officers that went before were wonderful gay and finely habited and the Servants that attended were clad in the richest Liveries their Coaches drawn with six Horses as they went ratling along did dazle our Eyes with the splendour of their furniture and all the Nobles appeared in the greatest Pomp and Gallantry the Regalia which are the Sword of State the Scepter and the Crown were carried by three of the antientest of the Nobility and on each side the Honours were three Mace-Bearers bare headed a Noble-man bare headed with a Purse and in it the Lord High Commissioner's Commission then last of all the Lord High Commissioner with the Dukes and Marquesses on his Right and Left Hand it is ordered that there be no Shooting under the highest penalties that Day neither displaying of Ensigns nor beating of Drums during the whole Cavalcade The Officers of State not being Noblemen ride in their Gowns all the Members ride covered except those that carry the Honours and the highest Degree and the most Honourable of that degree rid last Nor is their grandeur disproportionate to their demeanour which is high and stately but courteous and obliging having all the additional helps of Education and Travel to render it accomplish'd for during their Minority there is generally great care taken to refine their Nature and emprove their Knowlege of which when they have attain'd a a competent measure in their own Country they betake themselves to foreign Nations to make a further progress therein where they do generally become so great proficients that at their return they are by this means fitted for all great Services and Honourable employments which their King or Country is pleased to commit to their care and fidelity and are thereby enabled to discharge them with great Honour and applause On the West side a most steep Rock mounteth up aloft to a great height every way save where it looks towards the City The Castle on which is placed a Castle built by Ebrank the Son of Mempitius as some Write though others by Cruthneus Camelon the first King of the Picts about 330 Years before the Birth of our Saviour 't is so strongly fortified both by art and Nature that it is accounted impregnable which the Britains called Myned Agned the Scots the Maiden Castle of certain young Maids of the Picts Royal Blood which were kept here in old time and which in truth may seem to have been that Castrum alatum or Castle with a Wing before spoken of In this Castle is one of the largest Canons in Great Britain called Roaring Megg which together with two tire of Ordinance besides planted upon the Wall can command the City and all the Plains thereabouts but most famous is it in that Queen Mary was brought to Bed here of a Son who was afterward Christened at Sterling and called James who at last became the Happy Uniter of the two Crowns and in that Chamber in which he was Born are written upon the Wall these following Verses in an old Scotch Character James 6. Scot. 1. England Laird Jesu Christ that crown it was with Thorns Preserve the Birth qubais badgir here is Borne And send hir Son Succession to Reign still Lange in this Realm if that it be thy will Al 's grant O Laird quhat ever of hir proceed Be to thy glory honour and praise so beed July 19. 1566. A little below the Castle is a Curious Structure built for an Hospital by Mr. Herriot The Hospital Jeweller to the aforementioned King James and endowed with very great Revenues for the use of poor Orphans and impotent and decrepit Persons but by the ruinous and desolate Condition it seem'd at that time to be falling into it became to us a very doleful Spectacle that so noble a heroick design of Charity should be so basely perverted to to other Evil Ends and purposes contrary to the Will and intention of the Donor The City is governed by a Lord-Provost who hath always a Retinue befitting his Grandeur and for the punishing delinquents there is a large Tolbooth Tolbooth for so they call a Prison or House of Correction where all Malefactors are kept in hold to satisfie the Law as their Offences shall require Within seven Miles round the City there are of Noble and Gentlemens Palaces Castles and strong-builded Towers and Stone houses as we were inform'd above an hundred and besides the Houses of the Nobility and Gentry within it here dwell several Merchants of great Credit and repute where because they have not the conveniency of an Exchange as in London they meet about Noon in the High-street from whence they adjourn to their Changes i. e. Taverns or other places where their business may require them to give their Attendance The Fortune of this City hath in former Ages been very variable and inconstant It s variable Changes sometime it was Subject to the Scots and another while to the English who inhabited the East parts of Scotland until it became wholly under the Scots Dominion about the Year 960 when the English being over-poured and quite oppressed by the Danes were enforced to quit all their interest here as unable to grapple with two such potent Enemies A Mile from the City lies Leith a most commodious Haven hard upon the River Leith Leith which when Dessry the Frenchman for the security of Edenburgh had fortified very strongly by reason of a great Concourse of People which after this Flocked hither in abundance in a short time from a mean Village it grew to be a large Town In the Reign of our King Henry the Eighth the Sufferings and Calamities both of it and its Neighbours were grievous and inexpressible being both Burnt and plundred by Sir John Dudly Viscount Lisle Lord High Admiral of England who came hither with a puissant Army and broke down the Peer burning every stick thereof and took away all the Scotch Ships that were fit to serve him which kind of Execution was done likewise at Dunbar afterward when Francis King of France had taken to Wife Mary Queen of Scots the Frenchmen who in hope and conceit had already devoured Scotland and began now to gape for England A. D. 1560. strengthned it again with new fortifications But Queen Elizabeth solicited by the Nobles who had embraced the Protestant Religion to side with them by her Wisdom and Prowess so effected the matter that the French were enforced to return into their own Country and all their fortifications were laid level with the Ground and Scotland hath ever since been freed from the French and Leith hath become a very opulent and flourishing Port for the Peer is now kept up in so good repair and the Haven so safe for Ships to ride in that here commonly lieth a great Fleet at anchor which come hither Richly laden with all sorts of Commodities After we had spent
sooner melt the Snow and Ice in this County than in places further of the Soil is very Rich and is observed to be more kindly and natural for Pasturage than Corn which occasions here great plenty of most excellent Cheese which together with Salt are the two grand Commodities of this County both Men and Women have here a general commendation for Beauty and Handsome proportion and for Meers and Pools Heaths and Mosses Woods and Parks they are more frequent here than in many other Counties besides that it is in great request for the two famous Forests Delamere and Macclesfield Forests of Delamere and Macklesfield River Dee In the River Dee is plenty of Salmons and Giraldus Cambrensis who lived about the Year 1200 tells us that this River prognosticated a certain Victory to the Inhabitants living upon it when they were in Hostility one against another according as it inclined more on this side or that after it had left the Channel and it is still observed that the same River upon the fall of much Rain riseth but little but if the South Wind beats long upon it it swells and extreamly overflows the Grounds adjacent Salt Springs at Nantwich c. At Nantwich Northwich and Middlewich are the Famous Salt-Pits of this shire the whitest Salt is made at Nantwich which is reputed the greatest and fairest built Town of all this shire after Chester it hath only one Pit called the Brine-Pit about some fourteen Foot from the River Wever out of which they convey Salt-water by troughs of Wood into the Houses adjoining wherein there stands little Barrels pitched fast in the ground which they fill with that Water and at the ringing of a Bell they begin to make a Fire under the leads whereof they have six in an House and in them they seeth the Water then certain Women which they call Wallers with little wooden rakes fetch up the Salt from the bottom and put it in baskets which they term Salt-barrows out of which the Liquor runneth and the pure Salt remaineth Chester or West Chester as being in the Western part of the Kingdom is the Metropolis of this County Chester it was in ancient times called Legacestre Caerleon and Caerlegion for wherever the Britains built a Town they gave it the name of Caer which is derived of the Hebrew Kir and signifies a Wall in both Languages and wheresoever the English coming in found the Word Caer in the name of any Town they Translated it by the Word Chester or Cestor which was the same to them as Caer to the old Britains which undoubtedly occasion'd the denomination of this Place and the addition of Legion to it was because the Twentieth Roman Legion was here placed so that it is a City as famous for its Antiquity as Situation and of no less Renown of old for its Roman * At Caerleon was formerly an ancient School of Learning placed here for the Britains by the Roman Powers Bishop Stillingfleet Antiq. of the British Churches P. 215. than 't is now for a Dutch Colony a People who carry Trade and Industry along with them where-e'er they go 'T is seated on the Banks of the River Dee over which it has a fair Stone Bridge with eight Arches and a Gate at each end its distance from the River's Mouth is about 25 Miles and from the new Key where the Ships ride 6 Miles 'T is built in the form of a Quadrant and environed with strong Walls about two Miles in compass wth Towers and Battlements and withal so broad and spatious that in some places two or three may walk a-breast upon it The Castle which stands upon an high Hill near to the River with its thundring Peals of Ordnance prohibits access to any insolent Invaders whilst the sweetness and commodiousness of the City within affords great pleasure to the Natives and no less satisfaction to all foreigners who visit it for besides the prospect of fair and uniform Houses all along the chief Streets are Galleries or walking places which are called Rows having Shops on both sides through which a Man may walk dry in the most rainy Weather from one end to the other Here are several Churches which are very ancient and goodly Fabricks and though St. John's without Northgate had formerly the preeminence yet now the Cathedral founded in Honour to St. Werburga Daughter to Wulpherus King of Mercia by Earl Leofrich and afterward repaired by Hugh the first of the Norman Blood that was Earl of Chester doth deservedly bear away the Bell of great repute for the Tomb of Henry the Fourth Emperour of Almain who as they say gave over his Empire and led here an Heremites Life The Bishop's See was first placed here by Peter Bishop of Litchfield who translated it from thence but being afterwards conveyed to Coventry and from thence setled in its primitive Station this place continued devoid of all Episcopal Honour till King Henry the Eighth's Reign who having dispossessed the Benedictine Monks of their Mansions placed in their Room a Dean and Prebendaries and made it for ever a Bishop's See The City is governed by a Mayor and Aldermen and was made a County incorporate by King Henry the Seventh and glories in nothing more than that this was the place where the Saxon King Edgar in triumph had his Barge rowed in the way of homage by seven petty Kings or Princes Kenneth the Third King of Scots being one from St. John's Church to his own Palace himself as supreme Lord alone holding the Helm and here is farther a Tragical Story reported how Ethelfred King of the Northumbers who murdered at this place barbarosly some hundreds of Christian Monks was here afterwards slain himself by Redwald King of the East-Angles When we left this City we took the opportunity of the Sands and passed with a Guide over the Washes into Flintshire in North-Wales Flintshire in North-Wales where Flint Castle saluted us upon our first arrival ' This Castle was begun by King Henry the Second and finished by Edward the First where King Richard the Second ws deposed and King Edward the Second met his great Favourite Gaveston at his return out of Ireland The Air is healthy without any Fogs or Vapours and the People generally very aged and hearty the Snow lies long upon the Hills the Country affords great plenty of Cattel but they are small Millstones are also digged up in these Parts as well as in Anglesey Towards the River Dee the Fields bear in some Parts Barley in others Wheat but generally throughout Rye with very great encrease and especially the first Year of their breaking up their Land and afterwards two or three crops together of Oats Upon the River Cluyd is situated St. Asaph anciently Elwy a Town of greater Antiquity than Beauty and more Honourable for a Bishop's See St. Asaph placed here about 560 by Kentigerne a Scot Bishop of Glascow than for any
return into England sickned and dyed here July the 6th A. D. 1325 so likewise that this Town gave Birth to some Persons of the worthy Family of the Harveys especially to that Noble 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the great Father of Phisitians the Learned Dr. Harvey who made the first discovery of the Circulation of the Blood by the munificence of which charitable Fratermity was erected a Free-School to the great benefit of the Town to which is allotted a very handsome allowance as also a comfortable Pension to be annually distributed amongst the poor of the Parish and to the end that all things may be fully Executed according to the first Charitable design there are appointed diverse Feoffees in trust to supervise herein who are Men of the best Condition and quality in that part of the County Near this Town upon the Cliffs we met with some Stones of diverse Shapes and Figures very strange and wonderful some resemble a Muscle but are a great deal bigger than they others were like a Kernel of an Almond large and somwhat roundish which are Streaked and crankled like a Cockle-shell but of a more dusky colour others we found somewhat bigger than a Hazlenut and some much less which are like a Cockle too but are as smooth and as black as Jet some we discovered which were wreath'd and intorted like Screws of smaller and larger dimensions others which resemble Cock-spurs being sharp at the end and in every respect shaped like unto them but as smooth and of the same colour with our ordinary Flint-stone others which are form'd like Quills cleer as Amber some we observed whose lower parts seem to be effigiated into diverse little Feet bearing a resemblance to those that are visible in some little creeping insects others altogether resemble Snakes * See Mr John Ray Fellow of the Royal Society concerning Serpent Stones and Petrified Shells P. 113.114 c. of his Topographical observations Printed 1673. with Heads which the VVhitbay Stones are without having a perfect Spina running as it were all along their Back from Head to Tail with little ridges like Ribs on both sides in the form almost of a Roman S. Now tho' the solidity of all these Stones without any Cavity which is visible amongst them may be sufficient to convince any Man that they are by no means petrifications but natural and such as they were always from the Creation though how they came to put on such strange and uncommon Figures is a secret not to be unravelled yet certainly since there are diverse real and natural Shells of Fishes too which are to be found upon these Cliffs as likewise have been gathered upon Mountains particularly in Richmondshire before mentioned far enough remote from the Sea of diverse magnitudes shapes and colours sure in all probability the latter must needs have been left there upon the ebb of the Deluge since otherwise there can hardly be any other satisfactory account given how such Shells should happen to be carried to such Mountainous places From Folk-stone for five or six Miles together is a continued Chain of chalky Hills standing in a row hanging jointly one to another about the middle whereof is a Catarackt of Water which coming a great way as is supposed under Ground and falling down from the Cliffs speeds away to Sea going usually by the name of Lyddals Spout and along these Cliffs grow abundance of that excellent sallad Lydal Spout which they call Samphire These Cliffs I say continue without the least interruption till they are parted by Dover which is seated betwixt two high Cliffs Dover lying opposite to each other on the one whereof stands the Castle a place formerly of that strength and importance that it is Styled by Antiquaries the Key and Lock the Bar and Spar of England and was ever reputed so mightily conducive to the facilitating the Conquest of this Nation by getting it into Possession that Philip King of France told his Son Lewis that notwithstanding he had obtained many signal Victories in this Island and won several Forts and strong holds therein yet he had not one Foot in England till he was Master of Dover Castle Which though some are of Opinion was founded by Arviragus a King of the Britains yet Mr. Somner is very possitive against those who would have it built by Julius Caesar whose abode in Britain was too short for so vast an undertaking however whether the ancient Church belonging to this Castle was built by Lucius our first Christian King or not Mr. Somner is again pretty well assured that as here was formerly placed a Roman Garrison so the Square Tower in the middle between the Body and the Chancel fitted with holes on all parts for speculation was formerly a Roman Specula or Watch-Tower and he farther observes out of Tuine that that which at this Day they call the Devils Drop being a mouldring ruinous heap of Masonrey on the opposite Hill on the other side of the Town was the remains of a Roman Pharos or Structure of theirs intended for the placing of Night lights to secure their Passage otherwise very perillous who should put into this Port by Night On this Hill in a Tenterected for that purpose was that Noble Ceremony performed of Inaugurating the Right Honourable Henry Earl of Romney into that great and Weighty Office of Constable of Dover Castle and Lord Warden of the Cinque-Ports June 1. 1694 being there waited upon by the Barons Mayors Baliffs and Jurats of the Cinque-Ports two ancient Towns and their Members with diverse other Persons of great Quality who attended that Solemnity Below the Castle is placed a strong Fort and on the other Cliff opposite to it is erected another both which Block-Houses are for the defence of the Haven or Peer which of late Years hath been almost choaked and quite Stopped up by a huge quantity of Beach thrown into it by the Sea however by reason of a ready and speedy passage to Callice in France to which some will fain have England to have been formerly united by an Isthmus there is daily in times of peace a great concourse of Foreigners who frequent it The Town being one of the Cinque-Ports of which Folk-stone is a Limb and governed by a Mayor and Jurats is of a good large extent being above a Mile in length from * Artclff Fort. Artcliff Fort to the farther end of Bigginstreet but 't is nothing so Populous nor so well Inhabited as formerly 't is adorned with two Churches and a commodious Market place which is well replenished every Saturday with all necessary Provision of which there is brought great supplies constantly out of the Country and for the Victualling the Kings Ships there is a large Store-House from whence Provisions are conveyed to the Navy But I must not omit farther to observe that in this Town was formerly a House belonging to that ancient order of the Knights Templars wherein was Sealed the submission