with a desire to vomit or goe to stoole or with yawning and when hee shall change his colour and his lips looke pale then you must stop the blood as speedily as you can otherwise there will be danger lest hee poure forth his life together with his blood Then he must bee refreshed with bread steeped in wine and put into his mouth and by rubbing his temples and nosethrilles with strong vinegar and by lying upon his backe But the part shall bee eased and freed from some portion of the impact and conjunct humor by gently scarifying the lippes of the wound or applying of Leaches But it shall bee diverted by opening these veines which are nighest to the wounded part as the Vena Puppis or that in the middest of the forehead or of the temples or these which are under the tongue besides also cupping-glasses shal be applied to the shoulders sometimes with scarification sometimes without neither must strong and long frictions with course clothes of all the whole body the head excepted be omitted during the whole time of the cure for these will be available though but for this that is to draw backe and dissipate by insensible transpiration the vapours which otherwise would ascend into the head which matters certainly in a body that lyes still and wants both the use and benefit of accustomed exercise are much increased But it shall bee made manifest by this following and notable example how powerfull blood-letting is to lessen and mitigate the inflammation of the Braine or the membranes thereof in wounds of the head I was lately called into the suburbs of Saint German there to visite a young man twenty eight yeeres old who lodged there in the house of Iohn Martiall at the signe of Saint Michaell This young man was one of the houshold servants of Master Doucador the steward of the Lady Admirall of Brion He fell downe headlong upon the left Bregma upon a marble pavement whence he received a contused wound without any fracture of the scull and being he was of a sanguine temperature by occasion of this wound a feaver tooke him on the seaventh day with a continuall delirium and inflammation of phlegmonous tumor of the wounded Pericranium This same tumor possessing his whole head and necke by continuation and sympathy of the parts was growne to such a bignesse that his visage was so much altred that his friends knew him not neither could he speake heare or swallow any thing but what was very liquide Which I observing although I knew that the day past which was the eight day of his disease he had foure saucers of blood taken from him by Germaine Agace Barber-surgion of the same suburbs yet considering the integrity and constancie of the strength of the patient I thought good to bleed him againe wherefore I drew from him foureteene saucers at that one time when I came to him the day after and saw that neither the feaver nor any of the fore mentioned symptomes were any whit remitted or aswaged I forthwith tooke from him foure saucers more which in all made two twenty the day following when I had observed that the symptomes were no whit lessened I durst not presume by my owne onely advice to let him the fourth time blood as I desired Wherefore I brought unto him that most famous Physition Doctor Violene who as soone as he felt his pulse knowing by the vehemencie thereof the strength of the Patient and moreover considering the greatnesse of the inflammation and tumor which offered its selfe to his sight hee bid mee presently take out my Lancet and open a veine But I lingred on set purpose and told him that hee had already twenty two saucers of blood taken from him Then sayd he Grant it be so and though more have beene drawne yet must we not therefore desist from our enterprise especially seeing the two chiefe Indications of blood-letting yet remaine that is the greatnesse of the disease and the constant strength of the Patient I being glad of this tooke three saucers more of blood hee standing by and was ready to take more but that he wished mee to differ it untill the after noone wherefore returning after dinner I filled two saucers more so that in all this young man to his great benefit lost twenty seaven saucers of blood at five times within the space of foure dayes Now the ensuing night was very pleasing to him the feaver left him about noone the tumor grew much lesse the heat of the inflammation was aswaged in all parts except in his eyelids and the lappes of his eares which being ulcerated cast forth a great quantitie of Pus or matter I have recited this history purposely to take away the childish feare which many have to draw blood in the constant strength of the patient and that it might appeare how speedy and certaine a remedy it is in inflammations of the head and braine Now to returne from whence we digressed you must note that nothing is so hurtfull in factures and wounds of the head as venery not onely at that time the disease is present but also long after the cure thereof For great plenty of spirits are conteined in a small quantity of seed the greatest part thereof flowes from the braine hence therefore all the faculties but chiefly the Animall are resolved whence I have divers times observed death to ensue in small wounds of the head yea when they have beene agglutinated and united All passions of the minde must in like sort be avoided because they by contraction and dissipation of the spirits cause great trouble in the body and minde Let a place be chosen for the Patient as farre from noise as can be as from the ringing of bells beatings and knocking 's of Smithes Coopers and Carpenters and from high-wayes through which they use to drive Coaches for noyse encreases paine causes a feaver and brings many other symptomes I remember when I was at Hisdin at the time that it was beseiged by the forces of Charles the fifth that when the wall beaten with the Cannon the noise of the Ordinance caused grievous torment to all those which were sicke but especially those that were wounded on their heads so that they would say that they thought at the discharging of every Cannon that they were cruelly strucken with staves on that part which was wounded and verily their wounds were so angred herewith that they bledde much and by their paine and feavers encreased were forced with much sighing to breathe their last Thus much may serve to be spoken of the cure in generall now we will out of the monuments of the ancients treate of the particular CHAP. XV. Of the particular cure of Wounds of the head and of the musculous skinne LEt us beginne with a simple wound for whose cure the Chirurgion must propose one onely scope to wit Vnion for unlesse the wound pierce to the scull it is
that which mollifies resolves and wasts all tumors of this kinde CHAP. XXVI Of a Cancer already generated A Cancer is an hard Tumor rough and unequall round immoveable of an ash or livide colour horrid by reason of the veines on every side swollen with blacke blood and spred abroad to the similitude of the stretched out legs and clawes of a Crabb It is a tumor hard to be knowne at the first as that which scarse equalls the bignesse of a Chicke or Cicer after a little time it will come to the greatnesse of a Hasell Nut unlesse peradventure provoked by somewhat too acride medicines it sodainly encrease being growne bigger according to the measure of the encrease it torments the patient with pricking paine with acride heat the grosse blood residing in the veines growing hot and inferring a sense like the pricking of Needles from which notwithstanding the Patient hath oft times some rest But because this kinde of Tumor by the veines extended spred about it like clawes and feet being of a livide and ash colour associated with a roughnesse of the skin and tenacity of the humor represents as it were the toothed clawes of the Crab therefore I thought it not amisse here to insert the Figure of the Crabb that so the reason both of the name and thing might be more perspicuous The figure of the Crabb called Cancer in Latine CHAP. XXVII Of the causes kinds and prognosticks of a Cancer HEre we acknowledge two causes of a Cancer the antecedent and conjunct The antecedent cause depends upon the default of irregular diet generating and heaping up grosse and feculent blood by the morbificke affection of the Liver disposed to the generation of that bloud by the infirmity or weakenesse of the spleene in attracting and purging the bloud by the suppression of the Courses or Haemorrhoids or any such accustomed evacuation The conjunct cause is that grosse and melancholicke humor sticking and shut up in the affected part as in a straite That malancholicke bloud which is more milde and lesse maligne onely encreased by a degree of more fervide heat breeds a not ulcerated Cancer but the more maligne and acride causes an ulcerated For so the humor which generated Carbuncles when it hath acquired great heat acrimony and malignitie corrodes and ulcerates the part upon which it alights A Cancer is made more fierce and raging by meates inflaming the bloud by perturbations of the minde anger heate and medicines too acride oiely and emplaisticke unfitly applied both for time and place Amongst the sorts or kindes of Cancers there be two chiefely eminent that is the ulcerated or manifest Cancer and the not ulcerated or occult But of Cancers some possesse the internall parts as the Guts Wombe Fundement others the externall as the Breasts also there is a recent or late bred Cancer and also an inveterate one There is one small another great one raging and maligne another more milde Every Cancer is held almost incurable or very difficult to be cured for it is a disease altogether maligne to wit a particular Leprosie Therefore saith Aëtius a Cancer is not easily staied untill it hath eaten even to the innermost of the part which it possesses It invades women more frequently than men and those parts which are laxe rare fungous and glandulous and therefore opportune to receive a defluxion of a grosse humor such are the Breasts and all the emunctories of the noble parts When it possesses the Breasts it often causes inflammation to the armeholes and sends the swelling ever to the glandules thereof whereupon the Patients doe complaine that a pricking paine even peirces to their hearts But this same paine also runs to the clavicles and even to the inner side of the shoulderblades and shoulders When it is encreased and covers the noble parts it admits no cure but by the hand but in decaâ—ed bodies whose strength faile especially if the Cancers be inveterate we must not attempt the cure neither with instrument nor with fire neither by too acride medicines as potentiall Cauteries but we must onely seeke to keepe them from growing more violent and from spreading further by gentle medicines and a palliative cure For thus many troubled with a Cancer have attained even to old age Therefore Hippocrates admonishes us that it is better not to cure occult or hidden Cancers for the Patients cured saith he doe quickly die but such as are not cured live longer CHAP. XXVIII Of the Cure of a Cancer beginning and not yet ulcerated A Cancer beginning is oft hindred from encreasing before it fasten its roots but when it hath once encreased it admits no cure but by iron as that which contemnes by reason of the malignity contumacy the force of all medicines Galen affirmes he cured a Cancer not ulcerated Now that cure is performed by medicines purging melancholy by Phlebotomy when the strength and age of the Patient may well endure it by shunning all things which may breed ill and faeculent bloud The distemper of the Liver must first be corrected the Spleene strengthened as also the part affected in men the Haemorrhoides in women their Courses must be procured Threfore thicke and muddy wines vinegar browne bread cold hearbes old cheese old and salted flesh Beefe Venison goate hare garlicke onions and mustard and lastly all acride acide and other salt 〈◊〉 which may by any meanes incrassate the blood and inflame the humâ—… be eschewed A cooling humecting diet must be prescribed fasting eschewed as also watchings immoderaâ—e labours sorrow cares and mournings let him use ptisans and in his brothes â—boile Mallowes Spinach Lettuce Sorrell Purslaine Succory Hops Violets Borradge and the foure cold seeds But let him feede on Mutton Veale Kid Capon Pullet young Hares Partridges Fishes of stony rivers reare Egges and use white wine but moderately for his drinke The part affected with the Cancer must be gently handled and not overburdened by over hard or heavy things or by too solide or fat emplaisters on the contrary gentle and mitigating medicines must be used applying also at certaine times such things as resist venome or poyson as Treacle and Mithridate Asses milke is exceeding fit to asswage the acrimony of the cancorous humor Therefore it must not only be taken inwardly but also applied outwardly to the cancrous ulcer making thereof a fomentation CHAP. XXIX Of the cure of an ulcerated Cancer AN Vlcerated Cancer hath many signes common with that which is not ulcerated as the roundnesse of the tumor the inequality roughnesse and paine to the judgement of the eye the tumour seemes soft but it is hard to the touch the Vlcer is filthy with lips thicke swolne hard knotty turned out and standing up having a horrid aspect and casting forth ichorous filthy and carionlike filth sometimes blacke sometimes mixed with rotten filth and otherwhiles with much bloud This kinde of ulcer is maligne
suppression of the urine Therefore then the patient shall be placed upon his backe and his legs being lifted up on high he shall be shaken and tossed up and downe just as one would shake up a sacke to fill it for thus it is forced back into the bladder from whence it came from the passage of the urine whereinto it was got yet it may also bee forced backe by thrusting in a Cathaeter The paine which afflicteth such as have the stone is some whiles continuall yet more frequently it commeth by fits and returnes sometimes monethly other whiles yearely Such as have the stone in the kidnies make for the most part waterish urine Women are not so subject to the stone as men for they have the neck of their bladder more short and broad as also more straight wherefore the matter of the stone by reason of the shortnesse of the passage is evacuated in gravell before it can be gathered and grow into a stone of a just magnitude yet stones breed in some women and those equally as big as in men and therefore they are to be cured by section and the like remedies When the stone exceedeth the bignesse of an egge it can scarce be taken away without the tearing of the bladder whence happeneth an unvoluntary shedding of the water curable by no art because the bladder seeing it is nervous and without bloud being once torne admitteth no consolidation adde hereto that inflammation and a gangrene often following the rending of the bladder bring inevitable death The patient runs the same hazzard if along stone be pulled out sidewise with your instrument or if it be inclosed in a membrain which kind of stone can scace be found with a Cathaeter and so bee fastened to the bladder or otherwise if the stone it selfe bee fastened into the substance of the bladder or lastly if by any chance the Surgeon being about to plucke out the stone shall hurt the body of the bladder with his instruments Yet stones of an indifferent bigness are more safly extracted out of the bladder than those which are lesse and the patient more frequently and happily recovereth For they doe not scape from the instrument and the patient being used a long while to endure pain as that which hath been a long time a growing doth more easily and constantly away with the inflammation paine and other symptomes which happen after cutting yea in cutting Having thus spoken of the causes signs places symptomes and prognosticks we must come to the cure beginning with that part which is termed Prophylactice that is the preventing part CHAP. XXXVII What cure is to be used when we feare the stone DIet must first bee appointed which by the convenient use of the sixe things not naturall as they terme them may heape up small store of grosse tough and viscide humours in our bodies Therefore cold and cloudy aire is to be shunned They must abstaine from fish beefe porke water-foule pulse cheese milke meates fryed and hard egges rice cakes and all pastry unleavened bread and lastly all manner of obstructing meats Also garlike onions leeks mustard spices lastly all things which overheat the bloud and humors must be shunned especially if you feare that the stone is concrete by the heat of the reines Standing and muddy waters thicke and troubled wines beare and such kind of liquors must be eschewed Saciety in meats and drinks is to be shunned as that which breeds crudities Also long watching and continuall labour because they inflame the bloud cause crudities and preternaturall heat must carefully be eschewed as also all more vehement passions of the minde If the body be plethoricke then it must bee evacuated by phlebotomie purging and vomiting which is accounted for a singular remedy for the prevention of this disease For the performance of all which things a Physician shall be consulted But because Physicians are not in every place and alwaies at hand I have thought good to set downe these following medicines yet we must first remember this counsell of Galen The use of diureticks and strong purging medicines is hurtfull as often as there is inflammation in the reines and bladder for so the confluxe of the humors to the affected parts is the greater whence the inflammation and paine are increased Wherefore first using relaxing medicines as sixe drams of Cassia newly drawne with ℈ iv of Rubarbe in powder mixed therewith then lenitive and refrigerating medicines shall bee inwardly and outwardly used such as is this following syrupe â„ž summitatum malv. bismal violar an m. ss rad alth â„¥ i. glycyr â„¥ ss 4. sem frigid major an Ê’i fià t decoctio â„ž pradict decoctionis lb. ss in colatura dissolve sacch albiss â„¥ ii mellis albi â„¥ iss fiat syrupus secund artem let the patient use this often This following apozeme is also very effectual for the same purpose â„ž rad aspar gramin polyp quercini passul mund an â„¥ ss betonic herniar agrimon omnium capill pimpinell an m. ss 4. sem frigid major sem fâ—nic an Ê’i folior sen Ê’vi fiat decoct ad lb. ss incolatura dissolve syrupi de Althâ—â— de â—erniar an â„¥ iss Make a cleare apozeme and let it be aromatized with a little cinamon for two doses let him take the first dosis in the morning two houres before meat and the other at foure of the clock in the afternoone Moreover this following broth hath an excellent and certain power to prevent the stone â„ž hordei integr p. i. radic petroselini acetos foenicul cichor brusci an â„¥ i. 4. sem frigidorum conquassatorum an â„¥ ss fol. acetos portul lactucae summitatum malvae violar an m. ss bulliant in aqua fluviatili cum gallo gallinaceo crure vitulino let the broth bee kept and let the Patient take thereof sixe ounces for foure daies in the morning two houres before meat with an ounce of the juice of Citrons gently warmed with the same broth at the time of the taking thereof for thus much urine will be made in a short while after full of a sandy sediment and a grosse viscide humour Whereby you may certainly gather that this kind of broth is very effectuall to cleanse the passages of the urine neither in the interim doth it any harme to the stomacke and other parts by which it passeth so that it may be rightly esteemed a medicinall nourishment You may also profitably use this following powder â„ž nucleorum mespilorum â„¥ i. pul elect diamarg. frig Ê’ii 4. sem frigid majorum mund glycyrhizae rasae Ê’i sem saxifrag Ê’ii sem milii solis genist pimpinel brusci asparag an ℈ i. sem altheae Ê’iss succh albiss â„¥ vi fiat pulvis let him take a spoon full in the morning three houres before meat Also some thinke that lye made of the stalkes and huskes of beanes is a good preservative against this disease Besides the use of
humors composing the masse of blood if they at any time offend in quantity or quality For whether if any thing abound or digresse from the wonted temper in any excesse of heat cold viscosity grossenes thinnes or any such like quality none of the accustomed functions will be well performed For which cause those cheife helpes to preserve and restore health have beene divinely invented Phelebotomy or bloodletting which amends the quantity of too much blood and purging which corrects and drawes away the vicious quality But now let us begin to speak of the Humors taking our beginning from the definition An Humor is called by Phisitions what thing so ever is Liquide and flowing in the body of living Creatures endued with Blood that is either natural or againstnature The naturall is so called because it is fit to defend preserve and sustaine the life of a Creature Quite different is the nature reason of that which is against nature Again the former is either Alimentary or Excrementitious The Alimentary which is fit to nourish the body is that Humor which is contained in the veines and arteries of a man which is tēperate perfectly wel which is understood by the general name of blood which is let out at the opening of a veine For blood otherwise taken is an Humor of a certaine kind distinguished by heate and warmnesse from the other Humors comprehended together with it in the whole masse of the blood Which thing that it may the better be understood I have thought good in this place to declare the generation of Blood by the efficient and materiall causes All things which we eate or drink are the materialls of blood which things drawne into the bottome of the ventricle by its attractive force and there detained are turned by the force of concoction implanted in it into a substance like to Almond Butter Which thing although it appeare one and like it selfe yet it consists of parts of a different nature which not only the variety of meats but one the same meate yeelds of it self We terme this Chylus when it is perfectly concocted in the stomacke But the Gate-veine receives it driven from thence into the small guts and sucked in by the Meseraicke veins and now having gotten a litle rudiment of Change in the way carries it to the Liver where by the blood-making faculty which is proper and naturall to this part it acquires the absolute and perfect forme of blood But with that blood at one and the same time and action all the humors are made whether Alimentary or excrementitious Therefore the blood that it may performe its office that is the faculty of nutrition must necessarily be purged and clensed from the two excrementitious humors Of which the bladder of Gall drawes one which we call Yellow Choler and the Spleen the other which we terme Melancholy These two humors are naturall but not Alimentary or nourishing but of another use in the body as afterwards we will shew more at large The blood freed from these 2. kinds of excrements is sent by the veines and Arteries into all parts of the body for their nourishment Which although then it seeme to be of one simple nature yet notwithstanding it is truly such that foure different and vnlike substances may be observed in it as blood properly so named Phlegme Choler and Melancholy not only distinct in colour but also in taste effects and qualities For as Galen notes in his booke De Natura humana Melancholy is acide or soure choler bitter Blood sweet Phlegme unsavory But you may know the variety of their effects both by the different temper of the nourished parts as also by the various condition of the diseases springing from thence For therefore such substances ought to be tempered and mixed amongst themselves in a certaine proportion which remaining health remaines but violated diseases follow For all acknowledge that an Oëdema is caused by Phlegmatick a Scirrhus by Melancholike an Erysipelas by Cholericke and a Phlegmone by pure and laudable blood Galen teaches by a familiar example of new wine presently taken from the presse that these 4 substances are contained in that one Masse and mixture of the blood In which every one observes 4. distinct Essences for the flower of the wine working up swims at the top the dregs fall downe to the bottome but the crude and watery moisture mixed together with the sweet and vinous liquor is every where diffused through the body of the wine the flower of the wine represents Choler which bubling up on the superficies of blood as it concretes and growes cold shineth with a golden colour the dregs Melancholy which by reason of its heavines ever sinketh downward as it were the Mudd of the blood the crude and watery portion Phlegme for as that crude humor except it be rebellious in quantity or stubborne by its quality there is hope it may be changed into wine by the naturall heate of the wine so Phlegme which is blood halfe concocted may by the force of native heat be changed into good and laudable blood Which is the cause that nature decreed or ordained no peculiar place as to the other 2. humours whereby it might be severed from the blood But the true and perfect liquor of the wine represents the pure blood which is the more laudable and perfect portion of both the humors of the confused Masse It may easily appeare by the following scheme of what kind they all are and also what the distinction of these foure humors may be  NATVRE CONSISTANCE COLOVR TASTE VSE Blood is Of Nature aery hot and moyst or rather temperate Of indifferent consistance neither too thicke nor too thin Of Colour red rosy or Crimson Of Taste sweete Of such use that it cheifly serves for the nourishment of the fleshyparts and caried by the vessels imparts heate to the whole body Phlegme is Of Nature watery cold and moist Of Consistance liquid Of Colour white Of Taste sweet or rather unsavory for we commend that water which is vnsavory Fit to nourish the braine and al the other cold and moist parts to temper the heate of the blood and by its slipperines to helpe the motion of the joynts Choler is Of Nature fiery hot and drie Of Consistance Thin Of Colour yeallow or pale Of Taste bitter It provoketh the expulsive faculty of the guts attenuates the Phlegme cleaving to them but the Alimentary is fit to nourish the parts of like temper with it Melancholy is Of Nature earthly cold and dry Of Consistance grosse and muddy Of Colour blackish Of taste acide soure or biting Stirs up the Appetite nourishes the spleene and all the parts of like temper to it as the Bones Bloud hath its neerest matter from the better portion of the Chylus and being begunne to be laboured in the veines at length gets forme and perfection in the
Sanguine as if they were of bloud alone Wherefore if any Tumors resemble the nature of one simple humor truely they are not of any naturall humor but from some humor which is corrupt vitiated and offending in quality for so bloud by adustion degenerates into choler and melancholy Therefore a true Phlegmon is defined by Galen A tumor against nature of laudable bloud flowing into any part in too great a quantity This tumor though most commonly it be in the flesh yet sometimes it happens in the bones as Hippocrates and Galen witnesse A Phlegmon is made and generated thus when bloud flowes into any part in too great a quantity first the greater veines and arteries of the affected part are filled then the middle lastly the smallest and capillary so from those thus distended the bloud sweats out of the pores and smal passages like dew and with this the void spaces which are between the simular parts are first filled then with the same bloud all the adjacent parts are filled but especially the flesh as that which is most fit to receive defluxions by reason of the spongious rarity of its substance but then the nerves tendons membranes and ligaments are likewise stuffed full whereupon a Tumor must necessarily follow by reason of the repletion which exceeds the bounds of nature and from hence also are tension and resistance and paine also happens at the same time both by reason of the tension and preternaturall heate And there is a manifest pulsation in the part specially whilest it suppurates because the veines arteries and nerves are much pained being they are not onely heated within by the influxe of the fervide humor but pressed without by the adjacent parts Therefore seeing the paine comes to all the foresaid parts because they are too immoderately heated and pressed the arteries which are in the perpetuall motion of their Systole diastole whilest they are dilated strike upon the other inflamed parts whereupon proceeds that beating paine Hereunto adde the Arteries then filled with more copious and hot bloud have greater neede to seeke refrigeration by drawing in the encompassing Aire wherefore they must as of necessitie have a conflict with the neighbouring parts which are swollen and pained Therefore from hence is that pulsation in a Phlegmon which is defined by Galen an agitation of the arteries painefull and sensible to the Patient himselfe for otherwise as long as we are in health we doe not perceive the pulsation of the arteries Wherefore these two causes of pulsation or a pulsiâ—icke paine in a phlegmon are worthy to be observed that is the heate and aboundance of bloud contained in the vessels and arteries which more frequently than their wont incite the arteries to motion that is to their Systole and Diastole and the compression and streightning of the said arteries by reason of the repletion and distention of the adjacent parts by whose occasion the parts afflicted and beaten by the trembling and frequent pulsation of arteries are in paine Hence they commonly say that in the part aflected with a Phlegmon they feele as it were the sense or stroke of a Mallet or Hammer smiting upon it But also besides this pulsation of the arteries there is as it were another pulsation with itching from the humors whilst they putrefie and suppurate by the permixtion motion and agitation of vapours thereupon arising The cause of heate in a Phlegmon is bloud which whilest it flowes more plentifully into the part is as it were troden or thrust downe and causes obstruction from whence necessarily followes alprohibition of transpiration and a putrifaction of the bloud by reason of the preternaturall heate But the Phlegmon lookes red by reason of the bloud contained in it because the humor predominant in the part shines through the skinne CHAP. VIII Of the causes and signes of a Phlegmon THe causes of a Plegmon are of three kindes for some are primitive some antecedent and some conjunct Primitive are falls conâ—usions straines immoderate labour frictions application of acrid ointments burnings long staying or labouring in the hot Sun a diet unconsiderate and which breeds much bloud The antecedent causes are the great abundance of bloud too plentifully flowing in the veines The conjunct the collection or gathering together of bloud impact in any part The signes of a Plegmon are swelling tension resistance feaverish heate paine pulsation especially while it suppurates rednesse and others by which the abundance of bloud is signified And a little Phlegmon is often terminated by resolution but a great one by suppuration and sometimes it ends in a Scyrrhus or a Tumor like a Scyrrhus but otherwhiles in a Gangren that is when the facultie and native strength of the part affected is overwhelmed by the greatnesse of the deflxion as it is reported by Galen The Chirurgion ought to consider all these things that he may apply and vary such medicines as are convenient for the nature of the Patient and for the time and condition of the part affected CHAP. IX Of the cure of a true Phlegmon THe Chirurgion in the cure of a true Phlegmon must propose to himselfe foure intentions The first of Diet This because the Plegmon is a hot affect and causes a feaver must be ordained of refrigerative and humecting things with the convenient use of the sixe thingsnot naturall that is aire meat and drinke motion and rest sleepe and waking repletion and inanition and lastly the passions of the minde Therefore let him make choise of that aire which is pure and cleere not too moist for feare of defluxion but somewhat coole let him command meates which are moderately coole and moist shunning such as generate bloud too plentifully such will be brothes not to fat seasoned with a little Borage Lettuce Sorrell and Succory let him be forbidden the use of all spices and also of Garlicke and Onions and all things which heate the bloud as are all fatty and sweet things as those which easily take fire Let the Patient drinke small wine and much alaied with water or if the feaver be vehement the water of the decoction of Licoris Barly and sweet almonds or water and sugar alwayes having regard to the strength age and custome of the Patient For if he be of that age or have so led his life that he cannot want the use of wine let him use it but altogether moderately Rest must be commanded for all bodies waxe hot by motion but let him chiefely have a care that hee doe not exercise the part possessed by the plegmon for feare of a new defluxion Let his sleepe be moderate neither if he have a full body let him sleepe by day specially presently aâ—er meate Let him have his belly soluble if not by nature then by art as by the frequent use of glisters and suppositories Let him avoid all vehement perturbations of minde as hate anger brawling let him wholly abstaine from
by its inbred levity easily takes that way and by its subtilty is easily resolved into sweat But that the sweate may be laudable it is fit it be upon a criticall day and be foreshewed by signes of concoction agreeable to the time and manner of the disease Sweats when as they flow more slowly are forwarded by things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly by things taken inwardly as with white wine with a decoction of Figgs Raisons stoned grasse roots and the like opening things but by things outwardly applyed as spunges dipped in a decoction of hot herbes as Rosmary Time Lavander Marjerome and the like applyed to the Groines Armeholes and ridge of the backe You may for the same purpose fill two Swines bladders with the same decoction or else stone bottles and put them to the feete sides and betweene the thighes Then let this be the bound of sweating when the patient begins to waxe cold that is when the sweate feeles no more hote but cold But by the consent of all blood must not be letten after the third fit but presently at the beginning of the Feaver according to the opinion and prescription of Galen for seeing this Feaver for the most part is terminated at seven fits if you stay untill the third fit be past the Feaver will now be comne to its state but Hippocrates forbide us to move any thing in the state least nature then busied in concocting the disease be called from its begun enterprise CHAP. XVI Of an Oedema or cold Phlegmaticke Tumor HItherto wee have treated of hote Tumors now wee must speake of cold Cold Tumors are onely two on Oedema and a Scirrhus And for all that Hippocrates and the Ancients used the word Oedema for all sorts of Tumors in generall yet by Galen and these Physitions which succeeded him it hath beene drawne from that large and generall signification to a more straite and speciall onely to designe a certaine species or kinde of Tumor Wherefore an Oedema is a soft laxe and painlesse Tumor caused by collection of a fleg maticke humor The Ancients made eight differences of Tumors proceeding of Phlegme The first they termed a true and lawfull Oedema proceeding from naturall Phlegme from unnaturall Phlegme by admixtion of another humor they would have three sorts of Tumors to arise as that by mixture of blood should be made an Oedema Phlegmonodes and so of the rest Besides when they perceived unnaturall Phlegme either puffed up by flatulency or to slow with a waterish moisture they called some Oedemaes flatulent others waterish but also when they saw this same Phlegme often to turne into a certaine Plaister-like substance they thought that hence proceeded another kinde of Oedema which they expressed one while by the name of Atheroma another while by Steaetoma and sometime by Melicerides as lastly they called that kind of Oedema which is caused by putride and corrupt flegme Scrophulae For we must observe that Phlegme sometimes is naturall and offends onely in quantity whence the true Oedema proceeds other whiles it is not naturall and it becomes not naturall either by admixtion of a strange substance as blood Choler or Melancholy whence arise the three kinds of Oedema's noted formerly by the way or by the putrednesse and corruption of its proper substance whence the Struma and Scrophulae proceed or by concretion whence kernells and all kinds of Wens Ganglia and knots or by resolution whence all flatulent and waterish Tumors as the Hydrocele Pneumatocele and all kinds of Dropsies The causes of all Oedema's are the defluxion of a Phlegmaticke or flatulent humor into any part or the congestion of the same made by litle litle in any part by reason of the imbecillity thereof in concocting the nourishment and expelling the excrement The signes are a colour whitish and like unto the skinne a soft Tumor rare and laxe by reason of the plentifull moisture with which it abounds and without paine by reason this humor inferres no sense of heate nor manifest cold when you presse it with your finger the print thereof remaines because of the grossenesse of the humor and slownesse to motion Oedema's breed rather in winter than in the summer because winter is fitter to heape up Phlegme they chiefly possesse the Nervous and Glandulous parts because they are bloodlesse and so cold and more fit by reason of their loosenesse to receive a defluxion for the same cause bodyes full of ill humors ancient and not exercised are cheifly troubled with this kinde of Tumor An Oedema is terminated sometimes by resolution but oftner by concretion seldomer by supputation by reason of the small quantity of heate in that humor A Symptomaticall Oedema as that which followes upon a Dropsie or Consumption admits no cure unlesse the disease be first taken away The generall cure is placed in two things that is in evacuation of the conjunct matter prohibiting the generation of the antecedent Wee attaine to both cheifly by foure meanes The first truely by ordaining a fit manner of living and prescribing moderation in the use of the sixe things not naturall Wherefore we must make choyse of such aire as is hote dry and subtle wee must prescribe wine of a middle nature for his drinke let the bread be well baked let meates be appointed which may generate good blood and these rather rosted than boyled Let all fruites be forbidden as also brothes and milke-meates let him eate such fish as are taken in stony rivers the Patient shall observe mediocrity in feeding but principally sobriety in drinking for feare of crudities After meat let him use digestive powders or common drige pouder if his belly be not naturally loose let it be made so by arte Let the Patient use exercise before meate so by litle and litle to spend this humor and restore the native heate Let him sleepe litle because much fleepe breedeth cold humors let him avoyde griefe and sadnesse And if he be of a weake body let him absteine from venery lest by another weakening by the use of venery added to his present infirmity he fall into an uncureable coldnesse from whence a greater measure of crudity will arise Otherwise if the body be strong and lusty by such exercises and the moderate use of venery it will be the more dryed and heated For so that sentence of Hippocrates is to be understood That venery is a cure for Phlegmaticke diseases as Galen in his commentaryes tells us The Physition may performe the second intention by turning his counsell to that part from whence the spring of this Phlegmaticke humour flowes For if the infirmity arise from the stomacke or from any other part the part from whence it comes must be strengthened if from the whole habite of the body let attenuating penetrating and opening medicines be prescribed Wee performe the third intention by evacuating the humor impact in the
ventured upon because they were free from paine and by taking them away and cauterizing the place I perfectly healed them not truly sodainly and at once for although I bâ—… the place after dissection yet neverthelesse they sprung up againe because a certaine portion of the bone and sockets in which the Teeth stand fastened were become rotten I have often observed such like flesh by continuance of time to have turned into a gristlely bony substance Wherfore the cure must be begun as speedily as may be for being but litle and having fastened no deepe roots it is more easily taken away being then only filled with a viscide humor which in successe of time is hardened and makes the taking away thereof more difficult CHAP. V. Of the Ranula THere is ofttimes a tumor under the tongue which takes away the liberty of pronuntiation or speech wherefore the Greeks call it Batrachium the Latines Ranula because such as have this disease of the tongue seeme to expresse their minds by croaking rather than by speaking It is caused by the falling downe of a cold moiste grosse tough viscide and Phlegmaticke matter from the braine upon the tongue which matter in colour and consistence resembles the white of an egge yet sometimes it lookes of a Citrine or yellowish colour That you may safely performe the cure you must open the Tumor rather with a cautery or hot Iron than with a Knife for otherwise it will returne againe The manner of opening of it must be thus You shall get a bended hollow and perforated iron plate with a hole in the midst and making the patient to hold open his mouth you shall so fit it that the hole may be upon the part which must be opened Then there you must open it with an hot Iron for so you shall hurt no part of the mouth which is whole but when you are ready to burne it by thrusting your thumbe under the Patients Chin you may somewhat elevate the Tumor whereby you may open it with more certainty when it is opened you must thrust out the matter conteined therein and then wash the patients mouth with some barly water hony and Sugar of Roses for so the ulcer will be safely and quickly healed The deliniation of the Iron plate and crooked actuall Cautery CHAP. VI. Of the swelling of the Glandules or Almonds of the Thro ate NAture at the jawes neare the roots of the Tongue hath placed two Glandules opposite to one another in figure and magnitude like to Almonds whence also they have their name Their office is to receive the spittle falling downe from the braine both least that the too violent falling downe of the humor should hinder the tongue in speaking as also that the tongue might alwayes have moisture as it were laid up in store lest by continuall speaking it should grow dry and faile For thus this spittle being consumed by feaverish heats the patients are scarse able to speake unlesse they first moisten their tongue by much washing of their mouth These Glandules because they are seated in an hot and moist place are very subject to inflammations for there flowes into these ofttimes together with the blood a great quantity of crude phlegmaticke and viscous humors whence arises a tumor which is not seldome occasioned by drinking much and that vaporous wine by too much Gluttony and staying abroad in the open aire Swallowing is painfull and trouble some to the Patient and commonly hee hath a Feaver Ofttimes the neighbouring Muscles of the Throtle and necke are so swolne together with these Glandules that as it usually happens in the Squinzye the passage of the breath and aire is stopped and the Patient strangled We resist this imminent danger by purging and blood-letting by applying Cupping-Glasses to the Necke and shoulders by frictions and ligatures of the extreme parts and by washing and gargling the mouth and throte with astringent gargarismes But if they come to suppuration you must with your incision Knife make way for the evacuation of the Pus or Matter but if on the contrary these things performed according to art defluxion be encreased and there is present danger of death by stopping and intercepting the breath for the shunning so great and imminent danger the top or upper part of the Aspera arteria or Weazon must be opened in that place where it uses to stand most out it may be done so much the safer because the jugular veines and arteryes are furthest distant from this place and for that this place hath commonly litle flesh upon it And that the incision may be the fitlyer made the patient must be wished to bend his head backe that so the Artery may be the more easily come to by the instrument then you shal make an incision overtwhart with a crooked knife betweene two rings not hurting nor touching the Gristlely substance that is to say the membrane which tyes together the Gristlely rings being onely cut you shall then judge that you have made the incision large enough when you shall perceive the breath to breake out by the wound the wound must be kept open so long untill the danger of suffocation be past and then it must be sowed up not touching the Gristle But if the lipps of the wound shall be hard and callous they must be lightly scarified that so they may become bloody for their easier agglutination and union as we shall shew more at large in the cure of Hare lips I have had many in cure who have recovered that have had their Weazon together with the Gristlely rings thereof cut with a great wound as we shall note when wee shall come to treate of the cure of the wounds of that part CHAP. VII Of the inflammation and relaxation of the Vvula or Columella THe Vvula is a litle body spongy and somewhat sharpened to the forme of a pine apple hanging even downe from the upper and inner part of the palat so to breake the force of the Aire drawn in in breathing and carryed to the Lungs and to be as a quill to forme and tune the voyce It often growes above measure by receiving moysture falling downe from the braine becomming sharpe by litle and litle from a broader and more swolne Basis Which thing causes many Symptomes for by the continuall irritation of the distilling humor the Cough is caused which also hinders the sleepe and intercepts the liberty of speech but also by hindring respiration the patients cannot sleepe unlesse with open mouth they are exercised with a vaine endeavoring to swallow having as it were a morsell sticking in their jawes and are in danger of being strangled This disease must be resisted and affailed by purging bleeding Cupping taking of chysters using astringent Gargles and a convenient diet but if it cannot thus be overcome the cure must be tryed by a causticke of Aqua fortis which I have
in plantaine water and injected into the bladder Let the patient abstaine from wine and instead thereof let him use barly water or hydromel or a ptisan made of an ounce of raisins of the sun stoned and boyled in five pints of faire water in an earthen pipkin well leaded or in a glasse untill one pinte be consumed adding thereto of liquorice scraped and beaten â„¥ i. of the cold seeds likewise beaten two drams Let it after it hath boyled a little more be strayned through an hypocras bagge with a quarterne of sugar and two drams of choice cinamon added thereto and so let it be kept for usuall drinke CHAP. LVI Of the Diabete or inabilty to hold the Urine THe Diabete is a disease wherein presently after one hath drunke the urine is presently made in great plenty by the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the reines and the depravation of immoderation of the attractive faculty The externall causes are the unseasonable and immoderate use of hot and diureticke things and all more violent and vehement exercises The internall causes are the inflammation of the liver lungs spleen but especially of the kidneyes and bladder This affect must be diligently distinguished from the excretion of morbifick causes by urine The loines in this disease are molested with a pricking and biting pain and there is a continuall unquenchable thirst and although this disease proceed from a hot distemper yet the urine is not coloured red troubled or thick but thin and white or waterish by reason the matter thereof makes very small stay in the stomacke liver and hollow veine being presently drawn away by the heat of the kidneyes or bladder If the affect long endure the patient for want of nourishment falleth away whence certaine death ensues For the cure of so great a disease the matter must be purged which causes or feedes the inflammation or phlegmon and consequently blood must be let We must abstain from the foure cold seedes for although they may profit by their first quality yet will they hurt by their diuretick faculty Refrigerating and astringent nourishments must bee used and such as generate grosse humours as Rice thicke and astringent wine mixed with much water Exceeding cold yea Narcotick things shall be applyed to the loins for otherwise by reason of the thickness of the muscles of those parts the force unless of exceeding refrigerating things will not be able to arrive at the reins of this kind are oile of white poppy henbain opium purslain and lettuce seed mandrage vinegar and the like of which cataplasmes plaisters and ointments may be made fit to corroberate the parts and correct the heat CHAP. LVII Of the Strangury THe Strangury is an affect having some affinity with the Diâ—beâ—e as that wherin the water is unvoluntarily made but not together at once but by drops continually and with paine The externall causes of a strangury are the too abundant drinking of cold water all too long stay in a cold place The internall causes are the defluxion of cold humours into the urenary parts for hence they are resolved by a certain palsie and the sphincter of the bladder is relaxed so that he cannot hold his water according to his desire inflammation also all distemper causeth this affect and whatsoever in some sort obstructs the passage of the urine as clotted blood thick phlegme gravell and the like And because according to Galens opinion all sorts of distemper may cause this discase divers medicines shall be appointed according to the difference of the distemper Therfore against a cold distemper fomentations shall be provided of a decoction of mallows roses origanum calamint and the like so applied to the privities then presently after let them be anointed with oile of bayes and of Castoreum and the like Strong and pure wine shall be prescribed for his drinke and that not onely in this cause but also when the Strangury happens by the occasion of obstruction caused by a grosse and cold humor if so be that the body be not plethoricke But if inflammation together with a Plethora or fulnesse hath caused this affect wee may according to Galens advice heale it by blood-letting But if obstruction bee in fault that shall be taken away by diuretickes either hot or cold according to the condition of the matter obstructing We here omit to speake of the Dysuria or difficulty of making water because the remedies are in generall the same with those which are used in the Ischuria or suppression of urine CHAP. LVIII Of the Cholike WHensoever the Guts being obstructed or otherwise affected the excrements are hindred from passing forth if the fault bee in the small guts the affect is termed Volvulus Ileos miserere mei but if it be in the greate rguts it is called the Cholick from the part affected which is the Colon that is the continuity of the greater guts but especially that portion of the greater guts which is properly and especially named Colon or the cholicke Gut Therefore Avicen rightly defines the Cholicke A paine of the Guts wherein the excrements are difficultly evacuated by the fundament Paulus Aegineta reduceth all the causes of the Colicke how various soever to foure heads to wit to the grossenesse or toughnesse of the humours impact in the coates of the guts flatulencies hindred from passage forth the inflammation of the guts and lastly the collection of acride and biting humors Now we will treat of each of these in particular Almost the same causes produce the grossenesse of humors and flatulencies in the guts to wit the use of flatulent and phlegmaticke â—ough and viscide meats yea also of such as are of good nourishment if sundry thereof and of sundry kinds be eaten at the same meale and in greater quantity than is fit For hence crudity and obstruction and at length the collection of flatulencies whereon a tensive paine ensues This kind of Cholick is also caused by the use of crude fruits and too cold drink drunken especially when as any is too hot by exercise or any other way for thus the stomacke and the guts continued thereto are refrigerated and the humours and excrements therein conteined are congealed and as it were bound up The Cholicke which is caused by the inflammation of the kidneyes happens by the Sympathy of the reines pained or troubled with the stone or gravell conteined in them or the ureters Therefore then also paine troubles the patient at his hips and loynes because the nerves which arising from the vertebrae of the loins are oppressed by the weight of the stones and gravell about the joint of the hippe are disseminated into the muscles of the loines and thigh Also the ureters are pained for they seeme nothing else but certaine hollow nerves and also the cremaster muscles so that the patients testicles may seeme to be drawne upwards with much violence Hence great phlegmaticke
and bignesse which is greater in a sanguine and phlegmatick than in the rest by the change and lastly by things helping and hurting And there bee some who for the knowledge of these differences wish us to view the patients urine and feele their pulse and consider these excrements which in each particular nature are accustomed to abound or flow and are now suddenly and unaccustomarily supprest For hence may be taken the signes of the dominion of this or that humour But a more ample knowledge of these things may be drawne from the humours predominant in each person and the signes of tumours formerly delivered Onely this is to be noted by the way that the gout which is caused by melancholy is rare to be found CHAP. VIII Prognosticks in the Gout BY the writings of Physitians the paines of the gout are accounted amongst the most grievous and acute so that through vehemency of pain many are almost mad and wish themselves dead They have certain periods and fits according to the matter and condition of the humour wherein this maligne and inexplicable gouty virulency resides Yet they more frequently invade in the Spring and Autumne such as have it hereditarie are scarce ever throughly free therefrom as neither such as have it knotty for in the former it was borne with them and implanted and as it were fixed in the originall of life but in the other the matter is become plaister-like so that it can neither be resolved nor ripened that which proceeds from a cold and pituitous matter causeth not such cruell tormenting pain as that which is of a hot sanguine or cholerick cause neither is it so speedily healed for that the hot and thin matter is more readily dissolved therefore commonly it ceaseth not untill fourty dayes bee past besides also by how much the substance of the affected part is more dense and the expulsive facultie more weake by so much the paine is more tedious Hence it is that those gouty paines which molest the knee heele and huckle bone are more contumacious The gout which proceeds of a hot matter rests not before the fourteenth or twentieth day That which is occasioned by acride choler by the bitternesse of the inflammation and pain causeth a difficulty of breathing raving and sundry times a gangrene of the affected part and lastly death and healed it often leaves a palsie behinde it Amongst all the gouty paines the Sciatica challengeth the prime place by the greatnesse of the paine and multitude of symptomes it brings unquietnesse and watching a feaver dislocation perpetuall lamenesse the decay of the whole legge yea and often times of the whole body Now lamenesse and leannesse or decay of the part are thus occasioned for that the decurrent humour forceth the head of the thigh-bone out of the cavity of the huckle-bone this being forced out presseth the muscles veines arteries and that notable and large nerve which runs alongst the thigh even to the furthest joynts of the toes and by the way is diversly dispersed over the muscles of the whole leg Therefore because the head of the thigh is put out of its place the patient is forced to halt because the vessels and nerves are oppressed the nourishment and spirits doe not freely flow into the parts thereunder whence proceeds their decay Yet it sundry times happens that the head of the thigh being not displaced many halt because the viscide humour which is naturally implanted in that place and continually flowes thither both for the nutrition of these parts and the lubrication of the joynt for quicker motion is hardened by heat and idlenesse and the other unprofitable humours which flow downe do there concrete and so intercept the liberty of motion A grosse and viscide humour into what joint soever it falleth and stayeth doth the same For by concretion it turnes into a plaister like nature at or neare the joynt possessing the cavities thereof and it depraveth the figure of the part making it crooked and knotted which formerly was streight and smooth Furthermore every distemperature caused by the defluxion of humours if it shall lye long upon any part depraves all the actions and oft-times wholly abolisheth them so that there may bee three causes of the leanenesse or decay of the joint by the gout the obstruction or compression of the vessels idlenesse and a hectick distemper but two of lamenesse dislocation and the concretion of an adventitious humour impact in the joynt If contrary to custome and reason the paines of the gout doe not goe away or returne at their accustomed periods most grievous and dangerous diseases thereon follow for the matter accustomed to flow downe into the joints if it seaze upon the substance of the liver causes a Phlegmon if it stay in the larger veines a continuall feaver if it flow into the membrane investing the ribs a Pleurisie if it betake it selfe to the guts and adhere to their coats the Collick or illiaca passio and to conclude it produceth divers other symptomes according to the diversity of the parts whereto it flowes and abides For thus sundry that have beene troubled with the gout become paralitick because the matter which formerly flowed downe into the joints stayes in the substance and pores of the nerves and so hinders the spirit that it cannot freely in its whole substance passe though them hence therfore comes the resolution of the part whereinto the nerve is inserted Old men can never be quite or absolutely cured of the gout for that the masse of their bloud is so departed from its primary native goodnesse that it can no more bee restored than dead or sowred wine The gout which proceeds from a cold cause invadeth slowly and by little and little and is helped by the use of hot things that which is from a hot matter quickly shewes it selfe and is helped by the use of cold things Now although the gout more frequently returnes in the spring and fall yet it comes in the midst of winter the nerves being weakened by the excesse of cold and the humours pressed out otherwhiles in the midst of summer the same being diffused and dissipated Lastly it comes at any time or season of the year if those who are subject to this disease feed plenteously and do all things according to their owne mindes and desire Those who are troubled with the gout feele and perceive change of weather stormes raines snowes windes and such like before they come A southerly constitution of the aire for example fils the body with humidities and stirs up the humours that lye quiet in the body and therefore cause defluxions upon the weaker parts such as the joints both by nature as being without bloud and flesh as also by accident for that they a long time have been accustomed to bee so tormented therefore their paines are increased in a wet season Many of these that are troubled with the gout desire venery in the
being inflamed and unmeasurably swelled Copulation and the use of acride or flatulent meates encrease this inflammation and also together therewith cause an Ischuria or stoppage of the urine they are worse at the change of the moone certaine death followes upon such a stoppage as I observed in a certaine man who troubled for ten yeares space with a virulent strangury at length dyed by the stoppage of his water He used to be taken with a stopping of his urine as often as he used any violent exercise and then he helped himself by putting up a silver Catheter which for that purpose he still carryed about him it happened on a certaine time that he could not thrust it up into his bladder wherefore he sent for me that I might helpe him to make water for which purpose when I had used all my skill it proved in vaine when he was dead and his body opened his bladder was found full and very much distended with urine but the prostatae preternaturally swelled ulcerated and full of matter resembling that which formerly used to run out of his yard whereby you may gather that this virulency flowes from the prostatae which runs forth of the yard in a virulent strangury and not from the Reines as many have imagined Certainely a virulent strangury if it be of any long continuance is to be judged a certaine particular Lues venerea so that it cannot bee cured unlesse by frictions with Hydrargyrum But the ulcers which possesse the neck of the bladder are easily discerned from these which are in the body or capacity thereof For in the latter the filth comes away as the patient makes water and is found mixed with the urine with certaine strings or membranous bodies comming forth in the urine to these may be added the farre greater stinch of this filth which issueth out of the capacity of the bladder Now must wee treat of the cure of both these diseases that is the Gonnorhâ—â— and virulent strangury but first of the former CHAP. XIX The chiefe heads of curing a Gonnorhoea LEt a Physitian be called who may give direction for purging bleeding and diet if the affect proceed from a fulnesse and abundance of blood and seminall matter all things shall bee shunned which breed more bloud in the body which increase seed and stirre to venery Wherefore he must abstaine from wine unlesse it be weak and astringent and he must not onely eschew familiarity with women but their very pictures and all things which may call them into his remembrance especially if he love them dearly strong exercises do good as the carrying of heavie burdens even until they sweat swimming in cold water little sleepe refrigerations of the loines and genitall parts by annoynting them with unguentum rosatum refrigerans Galeni nutritum putting thereupon a double cloth steeped in oxycrate and often renewed But if the resolution or weaknesse of the retentive faculty of these parts bee the cause of this disease contracted by too much use of venery before they arrive at an age fit to performe such exercise in this case strengthening and astringent things must both bee taken inwardly and applied outwardly But now I hasten to treat of the virulent strangurie which is more proper to my purpose CHAP. XX. The generall cure both of the scalding of the water and the virulent strangury WEe must diversly order the cure of this disease according to the variety of the causes and accidents thereof First care must be had of the diet and all such things shunned as inflame the bloud or cause windinesse of which nature are all diuretick and slatulent things as also strong and violent exercises Purging and bleeding are convenient especially if fulnesse cause the affect Womens companies must be shunned and thoughts of venereous matters the patient ought not to lye upon a soft bed but upon a quilt or matterice and never if he can helpe it upon his back boyled meats are better than roasted especially boyld with sorrel lettuce purslain cleansed barly the four cold seeds beaten for sauce let him use none unlesse the juice of an orange pomgranate or verjuice let him shun wine and in stead thereof use a decoction of barly and liquerice a hydromel or hydrosaccharum with a little cinamon or that which is termed Potus divinus In the morning let him sup of a barly creame wherein hath beene boyled a nodulus of the foure cold seedes beaten together with the seedes of white poppy for thus it refrigerateth mitigateth and cleanseth also the syrups of marsh-mallowes and maiden-haire are good Also purging the belly with halfe an ounce of Cassia sometimes alone otherwhiles with a dram or halfe a dram of Rubarbe in pouder put thereto is good And these following pils are also convenient â„ž massae piâ—ul sine quibus ℈ i. electiÊ’ss caphurae gr iiii cum terebinthina formenntur pilulâ— let them bee taken after the first sleep Venice turpentine alone or adding thereto some Rubarbe in pouder with oyle of sweet almonds newly drawne without fire or some syrupe of maiden-hair is a singular medicine in this case for it hath an excellent lenitive and cleansing faculty as also to helpe forwards the expulsive facultie to cast forth the virulent matter contained in the prostatae You may by the bitternesse perceive how it resists putrefaction and you may gather how it performes its office in the reines and urenary parts by the smell it leaves in the urine after the use thereof But if there bee any who cannot take it in forme of a bole you may easily make it potable by dissolving it in a mortar with the yolk of an egge and some white wine as I learned of a certaine Apothecary who kept it as a great secret If the disease come by inanition or emptinesse it shall be helped by fatty injections oily and emollient potions and inwardly taking and applying these things which have the like faculty and shunning these things which caused the disease How to cure that which happens by contagion or unpure copulation it shall bee abundantly shewed in the ensuing chapter CHAP. XXI The proper cure of a virulent strangury FIRST we must begin with the mitigation of paine and staying the inflammation which shall be performed by making injection into the urethra with this following decoction warme â„ž sem psilii lactucae papav albi plantag cydon lini hyosciami albi an Ê’ii detrahantur mucores in aquis solani rosar ad quantitatem sufficientem adde trochisc alborum Rhasis camphoratorum in pollinem redactorum Ê’i misce simul fiat injectio frequens For this because it hath a refrigerating faculty will help the inflammation mitigate pain and by the mucilaginous faculty lenifie the roughnesse of the urethra and defend it by covering it with the slimy substance against the acrimony of the urine and virulent humours In stead hereof you may use cowes
remedies as yet I have had no experience Others prescribe a dram of the seeds of Agnus castus to be drunke with wine and butter Others the powder of river-crabs burnt and drunke in wine Or â„ž gentianaeÊ’ii astacorum flaviatilium in fumo combust in pollinem redact Ê’iii terrae sigill â„¥ ss misce give Ê’i of this same powder in the decoction of river crabs let them drink thereof oft at sundry times Many have cast themselves into the sea neither have they thence had any helpe against madnesse as Ferrand Pozet the Cardinall testifieth in his booke of poysons wherefore you must not relie upon that remedie but rather you must have recourse to such things as are set downe in the books of Physicians and approved by certaine and manifold experience But seeing that no poyson can kill unlesse it be taken or admitted into the body we must not fear any harme by sprinkling our bodies with the sanies of a mad dogge viper toad or any other such like venemous creature if so bee that it be presently wiped or washed cleane away CHAP. XV. What cure must be used to such as feare the water but yet are able to know themselves in a glasse SUch as have not their animal faculty as yet orecome by the malignity of the raging venome must have strong purgations given them Wherefore if in any case Antimonie bee usefull then is it in this as that which causeth sweats looseth the belly and procures vomiting For it is a part of extreme and dangerous madnesse to hope to overcome the cruel malignity of this poyson already admitted into the bowels by gentle purging medicines Assuredly such and so great danger is never overcome without danger Bathes also conduce which may disperse and draw forth the poyson by causing sweats Also many and frequent treacle potions are good to retund the venome and strengthen the bowels also it will be fitting to give them water and all other liquid things which they so much abhorre in a cup with a cover Alwaies let such as are poisoned or bitten or stung by a mad dog or other venemous beast keep themselves in some warme and light place that the poyson which by coldnesse is forced in may be the readilier drawne out by the means of heat and the spirits bee recreated by the brightnesse of the aire and therefore move from the center to the circumference of the body and let the roome be perfumed with sweet things To eat very hot and salt things presently at the beginning as onions leeks all spiced meats and strong wine not allâ—ied seems not to be besides reason because such things by their spirituous heat hinder the diffusion of the poyson over the body and strengthen the filled entrailes There be some also that would have them to feed upon grosse and viscous meats which by obstructing the vessels may hinder the passage of the poyson to the heart and other parts and by the same reason it will be better to fill themselves with meate to satietie than otherwise because the malignity of humours is encreased by hunger than which nothing can be more harmfull to venemous wounds Yet within a short while after as within five or sixe dayes they must returne to a mediocritie and use all things temperate boiled meats rather than roasted and that in a decoction of opening things so to move urine Lastly they must keep such a diet as melancholike persons ought to do neither shall they let bloud lest so the poyson should bee further drawne into the veines but it is good that the patients body be soluble from the very first Let their drinke be wine indifferently allayed with water oxymel simplex or the syrupe of the juice of Citron with boiled water or else this following Julep â„ž succilimonum malorum citri an â„¥ ss suc gran acid â„¥ ii aquae acetosae min. ros an â„¥ i. aq font coct quantum sufficit fiat Julep ut artis est Sleep is to be avoided untill the force of the poyson is abated for by sleep the humours flow back into the bowells All things that resist poyson must bee given any way whatsoever as lemons oranges angelica rootes gentian tormentill burnet vervine carduus benedictus borage buglosse and the like Let all things that are afterwards set before the patient be meats of good juice such as are veale kid mutton partridge pullets capons and the like CHAP. XVI Of the biting of a Viper or Adder and the symptomes and cure thereof THe remedies that were formerly mentioned against the bitings of madde dogges the same may bee used against all venemous bites and stings yet neverthelesse each poyson hath his peculiar antidote Vipers or Adders as we vulgarly terme them have in their gummes or the spaces betwene their teeth little bladders filled with a virulent sanies which is pressed out into the part that they bite with their teeth There forthwith ariseth a pricking paine the part at the first is much swollen and then the whole body unlesse it be hindred grosse and bloody filth sweats out of the wound little blisters rise round about it as if it were burnt the wound gnawes and as it were feeds upon the flesh great inflammation possesseth the liver and the gummes and the whole body becomes very dry becomming of a yellowish or pale colour with thirst unquenchable the bellie is griped by fits a cholericke vomiting molesteth them the stomacke is troubled with a hicketting the patients are taken with often sownings with cold sweate the forerunner of death unlesse you provide by fit medicines for the noble parts before the poyson shall invade them Mathiolus tells that he saw a countrie-man who as he was mowing a meadow by chance cut an Adder in two with his sithe which when he thought it was dead he tooke the one halfe whereon the head remained without any feare in his hand but the enraged creature turning about her head cruelly bit him by one of his fingers which finger as men usually doe especially when as they thinke of no such thing hee put into his mouth and sucked out the blood and poyson and presently fell downe dead When as Charles the ninth was at Montpelier I went into the shop of one Farges an Apothecary who then made a solemne dispensation of Treacle where not satisfying my selfe with the looking upon the vipers which were there in a glasse ready for the composition I thought to take one of them in my hands but whilest that I too curiously and securely handled her teeth which were in her upper jaw covered with a skinne as it were a case to keepe the poyson in the beast catched hold of the very end of my fore-finger and bit me in the space which is betweene the naile and the flesh whence presently there arose great pain both by reason of the part endued with most exquisite sense as also by the malignity of the poyson
paine by sucking forth the venome But his tongue forthwith swelled so bigge that he could not speak his mind besides his whole arme even to his shoulder was in like sort much swelled his paine was so vehement that it made him swoune twice in my presence his face was wan and livid like to a dead body and though I despaired of his recovery yet not suffering him to bee quite forsaken I washed his mouth with treacle dissolved in white wine and gave him some thereof to drinke adding thereto some aqua vitae I opened his swolne arme with many and deepe scarifications especially in the place where he was hurt I suffered the bloud which was wholly serous and sanious to flow more plentifully I washed the wounds with treacle and mithridate dissolved in aqua vitae and then I put him exceeding warme in bed procuring sweat and making him to lie awake lest sleep should draw the poyson inwards to the entrailes I by these meanes so farre prevailed that on the day after hee was freed from all his maligne symptomes Therefore I judged it onely remained for a perfect cure that the wound should be long kept open and washed with treacle neither was I deceived for within a few dayes he was perfectly recovered CHAP. XXIV Of the bitings of Toads THough Toads want teeth yet with their hard rough gums they so straitly presse or pinch the part which they shall take hold on that they will force their poison thereinto and so over the whole body by the pores of the pressed part Moreover they cast forth their venome by urine spittle and vomit upon herbes but chiefly upon Strawberries the which they are reported greatly to affect Hence many suddenly and ignorantly catch their deaths I heard from a man of very good credit that there were two merchants not farre from the Citie Tholouse who whilest dinner was providing walked into the garden that belonged to the Inne where they gathered some sage leaves and unwashed as they were put them into their wine They had not as yet dined when being taken with a sudden Vertigo the whole Inne seemed to run round then losing their sight they fell into a sowne intermixed now and then with convulsions But they stammered with their lippes and tongues becomming blacke a froward and horrid look with continuall vomiting and a cold sweat the forerunner of death which presently seazed upon them their bodies becomming exceedingly much swolne But the Justices of the place suspecting that they were poysoned made the Inne-keeper and the Guests to be apprehended being examined they all constantly with one voice answered that the dead parties ate of the same meat and drinke which the rest did but onely that they put sage into their wine A Physician was asked the question whether sage might be poysoned he answered it might but to come to the purpose that it must appeare whether any venemous creature had poysoned the plant with her spittle or venemous sanies This which was lightly pronounced and only by conjecture was by the eye found to bee true For at the roote thereof there was found a hole in the ground full of Toads who got out by putting in of warme water made it credible that the plant was poysoned by their spittle and urine whereby you may understand how unwisely they doe who devoure herbes and fruits newly gathered without washing Also we must take heed lest falling asleep in the fields wee lye not neere the holes which toads or other venemous beasts of the like nature have made their habitation For thence a venemous or deadly aire may be drawn into the lungs For the same cause wee must abstaine from eating of frogs in the moneth of May because then they engender with toads Oxen in feeding sometimes lick up small toads together with the grasse which presently will breed their great harme for thereupon the oxen swell so big that they often burst withall Neither is the venome of toads deadly only being taken inwardly but even sprinkled upon the skin unless they forthwith wipe the place wash it with urine water salt Such as are poisoned by a toad turn yellow swell over all their bodies are taken with an Asthmaticke difficultie of breathing a Vertigo convulsion sowning and lastly by death it selfe These so horrid symptoms are judged inherent in the poyson of toads not only by reason of the elementary qualities therof coldness moisture which are chiefly predominant therein but much rather by the occult property which is apt to putrefie the humors of that body whereto it shall happen Therfore it wil be convenient to procure vomit especially if the poison be taken by the mouth to give gly sters to weaken the strength of the poison by hot and attenuating Antidotes as treacle mithridate dissolved in good wine but in conclusion to digest it by bathes stoves and much and great exercise Rondeletius in his book de Piscibus affirmes the same â—…ings of the cursed venome of toads as we have formerly delivered yet that they seldome bite but that they cast forth either their urine the which they gather in a great quantity in a large bladder or else their venemous spittle or breath against such as they meete withall or assaile besides the herbs which are tainted by their poisonous breath but much more such as are sprinkled with their spittle or urine are sufficient to kill such as eate them The Antidotes are juice of betonie plantaine mugwurt as also the bloud of Tortoises made with flower into pils and forthwith dissolved in wine and drunken Pliny writes that the hearts and spleens of toads resist poison The vulgar opinion is false who thinke that the toad-stone is found in their heads which is good against poyson CHAP. XXV Of the stinging of a Scorpion AScorpion is a small creature with a round bodie in forme of an egge with many feet and a long taile consisting of many joints the last wherof is thicker and a little longer than the rest at the very end thereof is a sting in some two hollow and replete with cold poyson the which by the sting it casts into the obvious body it hath five legs on each side forked with strong clawes not unlike to a Crab or Lobster but the two foremost are bigger than the rest they are of a blackish or sootie colour they goe aside aside and oft-times fasten themselves with their mouthes and feet so fast to men that they can scarce be plucked therehence There be some who have wings like the wings of Locusts wasting the corn all green things with their biting and burning Such are unknown in France These flee over divers Countries like winged Ants. This is likely to be true by that which Mathiolus writes that the husbandmen in Castile in Spain in digging the earth oft-times finde a swarm of Scorpions which betake themselves thither against winter Pliny writes that
Antidotes inwardly and applyed them outwardly for the most part escaped and recovered their health for that kind of Pestilence tooke its originall of the primitive and solitary default of the Aire and not of the corruption of the humours The like event was noted in the hoarsenesse that we spake of before that is to say that the patients waxed worse and worse by purging and phlebotomie but yet I doe not disallow either of those remedies if there be great fulnesse in the body especially in the beginning and if the matter have a cruell violence whereof may bee feared the breaking in unto some noble part For wee know that it is confirmed by Hypocrates that what disease soever is caused by repletion must be cured by evacuation and that in diseases that are very sharpe if the matter do swell it ought to be remedied the same day for delay in such diseases is dangerous but such diseases are not caused orinflicted upon mans body by reason or occasion of the pestilence but of the diseased bodies and diseases themselves commixed together with the Pestilence therefore then peradventure it is lawfull to purge strongly and to let a good quantity of bloud lâ—st that the pestilent venome should take hold of the matter that is prepared and so infect it with a contagion whereby the Pestilence taketh new and farregreater strength especially as Celsus admonisheth us where he saith that By how much the sooner those sudden invasions doe happen by so much the sooner remedies must be used yea or rather rashly applyed therefore if the veines swell the face waxe fiery red if the arteries of the temples beat strongly if the patient can very hardly breathe by reason of a weight in his stomacke if his spittle be bloudy then ought he to bee let bloud without delay for the causes before mentioned It seems best to open the liver veino on the left arme whereby the heart and the spleene may be better discharged of their abundant matter yet bloud-letting is not good at all times for it is not expedient when the body beginneth to waxe stiffe by reason of the comming of a Feaver for then by drawing backe the heat and spirits inwardly the outward parts being destitute of bloud waxe stiffe and cold therefore bloud cannot bee letten then without great losse of the strength and perturbation of the humours And it is to be noted that when those plethoricke causes are present there is one Indication of bloud-letting in a simple pestilent Feaver and another in that which hath a Bubo idest a Botch or a Carbuncle joined ther with For in one or both of these being joyned with a vehement strong burning Feaver bloud must be letten by opening the veine that is nearest into the tumour or swelling against nature keeping the straightness of the fibres that this being open the bloud might be drawn more directly from the part affected for all and every retraction of putrefied bloud unto the noble parts is to be avoyded because it is noysome and hurful to nature and to the patient Therefore for example sake admit the patient be plethoricke by repletion which is called Advasa idest unto the vessels and Advires idest unto the strength and there withall he hath a tumour that is pestilent in the parts belonging unto his head or necke the bloud must bee let out of the cephalick or median veine or out of one of their branches dispersed in the arme on the grieved side But if through occasion of fatte or any other such like cause those veines doe not appeare in the arme there bee some that give counsell in such a case to open the veine that is betweene the fore-finger and the thumbe the hand being put into warme water whereby that veine may swell and be filled with bloud gathered thither by meanes of the heate If the tumour be under the arme-hole or about those places the liver veine or the median must be opened which runneth alongst the hand if it be in the groine the veine of the hamme or Saphena or any other veine above the foote that appeareth well but alwaies on the grieved side And phlebotomie must bee performed before the third day for this disease is of the kind or nature of sharpe diseases because that within foure and twenty houres it runneth past helpe In letting of bloud you must have consideration of the strength You may perceive that the patient is ready to swoune when that his forehead waxeth moyst with a small sweate suddenly arising by the aking or paine at the stomacke with an appetite to vomit and desire to goe to stoole gaping blacknesse of the lippes and sudden alteration of the face unto palenesse and lastly most certaincly by a small and slow pulse and then you must lay your finger on the veine and stop it untill the patient come to himselfe againe either by nature or else restored by art that is to say by giving unto him bread dipped in wine or any other such like thing then if you have not taken bloud enough you must let it goe againe and bleed so much as the greatnesse of the disease or the strength of the patient will permit or require which being done some one of the Antidotes that are prescribed before will be very profitable to be drunk which may repaire the strength and infringe the force of the malignity CHAP. XXV Of purging medicines in a pestilent disease IFyou call to minde the proper indications purging shall seeme necessary in this kinde of disease and that must bee prescribed as the present case and necessity requireth rightly considering that the disease is sudden and doth require medicines that may with all speede drive out of the body the hurtfull humour wherein the noy some quality doth lurke and is hidden which medicines are diverse by reason of the diversity of the kinde of the humour and the condition or temperature of the patient For this purpose sixe graines of Scammonie beaten into powder or else tenne graines are commonly ministred to the patient with one dram of Treacle Also pils may be made in this forme Take of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dram of Sulphur vivum finely powdred halfe a dram of Diagridium foure graines make thereof Pils Or Take three drams of Aloes of Myrrhe and Saffron of each one dram of white Hellebore and Asarabacca of each foure scruples make thereof a masse with old Treacle and let the patient take foure scruples thereof for a dose three houres before meate Ruffus his pils may be profitably given to those that are weake The ancient Physicians have greatly commended Agarick for this disease because it doth draw the noysome humours out of all the members and the vertues thereof are like unto those of Treacle for it is thought to strengthen the heart and to draw out the malignity by purging To those that are strong the weight of two drams may be given and to those that
if his hands bee forth already so that it may seeme hee may bee drawne forth easily that way yet it must not be so done for so his head would double backwards over his shoulders to the great danger of his mother Once I was called unto the birth of an infant whom the midwives had assayed to draw out by the arme so that the arme had been so long forth that it was gangrenate whereby the childe dyed I told them presently that his arme must bee put in againe and hee must bee turned otherwise But when it could not bee put backe by reason of the great swelling thereof and also of the mothers genitals I determined to cut it off with an incision knife cutting the muscles as neare as I could to the shoulder yet drawing the flesh upwards that when I had taken off the bone with a paire of cutting pincers it might come downe againe to cover the shivered end of the bone lest otherwise when it were thrust in againe into the wombe it might hurt the mother Which being done I turned him with his feete forwards and drew him out as is before sayd But if the tumour either naturally or by some accident that is to say by putrefaction which may perchance come bee so great that hee cannot bee turned according to the Chirurgions intention nor be drawne out according as hee lyeth the tumour must bee diminished and then hee must bee drawne out as is aforesaid and that must bee done at once As for example if the dead infant appeare at the orifice of the wombe which our mydwives call the Garland when it gapeth is open and dilated but yet his head being more great and puffed up with winde so that it cannot come forth as caused to bee so through that disease which the Greeks call Mucrophisocephalos the Chirurgion must fasten a hooke under his chinne or in his mouth or else in the hole of his eye or else which is better and more expedient in the hinder part of his head For when the scull is so opened there will bee a passage whereat the winde may passe out and so when the tumour falleth and decreaseth let him draw the infant out by little and little but not rashly lest he should break that whereon he hath taken hold the figure of those hookes is thus The forme of hookes for drawing out the infant that is dead in the wombe But if the breast bee troubled with the like fault the hookes must bee fastened about the chanell bone if there bee a Dropsie or a Tympany in the belly the hooks must bee fastned either in the short ribs that is to say in the muscles that are betweene the ribbes or especially if the disease doe also descend into the feete about the bones that are above the groine or else putting the crooked knife here pictured iâ—…he wombe with his left hand let him make incision in the childs belly and so get out all his entrals by the incision for when hee is so bowelled all the water that caused the dropsie will out But the Chirurgion must do none of all these things but when the child is dead and the woman that travelleth in such danger that shee cannot otherwise be holpen But if by any meanes it happeneth that all the infants members bee cut away by little and little and that the head onely remaineth behinde in the wombe which I have sometimes against my will and with great sorrow seene then the left hand being anoynted with oyle of Lillies or fresh butter must bee put into the wombe wherewith the Chirurgion must find out the mouth putting his fingers into it then with his right hand hee must put up the hooke according to the direction of the left hand gently by little little and so fasten it in the mouth eye or under the chin and when hee hath firmely fixed or fastened it hee must therewith draw out the head by little and little for feare of loosening or breaking the part whereon hee hath hold In stead of this hooke you may use the instruments that are here described which therefore I have taken out of the Chirurgery of Francis Dalechamps for they are so made that they may easily take hold of a sphaericall and round body with the branches as with fingers Gryphons Talons that is to say instruments made to draw out the head of a dead infant that is separated in the wombe from the rest of the body But it is not very easie to take hold on the head when it remaineth alone in the wombe by reason of the roundnesse thereof for it will slip and slide up and downe unlesse the belly be pressed downe and on both sides thereby to hold it unto the instrument that it may with more facility take hold thereon CHAP. XXVII What must bee done unto the woman in travell presently after her deliverance THere is nothing so great an enemy to a woman in travell especially to her whose child is drawne away by violence as cold wherefore with all care and diligence shee must bee kept and defended from cold For after the birth her body being voyde and empty doth easily receive the ayre that will enter into every thing that is empty and hence shee waxeth cold her wombe is distended and puffed up and the orifices of the vessels thereof are shut and closed whereof commeth suppression of the after-birth or other after purgations And thereof commeth many grievous accidents as hystericall suffocation painefull fretting of the guts feavers and other mortall diseases What woman soever will avoyde that discommodity let her hold her legges or thighes acrosse for in so doing those parts that were separated will bee joyned and close together againe Let her belly bee also bound or rowled with a ligature of an indifferent breadth and length which may keep the cold ayre from the wombe and also presse the bloud out that is contained in all the substance thereof Then give her some Capon broth or Caudle with Saffron or with the powder called Pulvis ducis or else bread toasted and dipped in wine wherein spice is brewed for to restore her strength and to keepe away the fretting of the guts When the secundine is drawne out and is yet hot from the wombe it must bee layd warme unto the region of the wombe especially in the winter but in the summer the hot skinne of a Weather newly killed must be laid unto all the whole belly and unto the region of the loynes But then the curtaines of the bed must bee kept drawne and all the windowes and doores of the chamber must bee kept shut with all diligence that no cold ayre may come unto the woman that travelleth but that shee may lye and take her rest quietly The Weathers skinne must bee taken away after that it hath lyen five or sixe houres and then all the region of her belly must bee annointed with the oyntment following â„ž
of the blood descends under the Diaphragme and on the left side is conjoyned to the emulgent veine which is the way by which the matter in pleuresies and in Empiema doe manifestly empty themselves by urine and stoole As it is likewise seene the pure milke of the brests of women newly brought to bed to descend by the Mammillary Veines and to be evacuated downewards by the necke of the wombe without being mixt with the blood And such a thing is done as it were by a miracle of nature by her expulsive and sequesting vertue which is seene by experience of two glasse vessells called mount-Mount-wine let the one be filled with water and the other with Claret wine and let them be put the one upon the other that is to say that which shall bee filled with water upon that which shall be filled with wine and you shall apparently see the wine mount up to the top of the vessell quite through the water and the water descend atraverse the wine and goe to the bottome of the vessell without mixture of both and if such a thing be done so exteriorly and openly to the sense of our eye by things without life you must beleeve the same in our understanding That nature can make matter and blood to passe having beene out of their vessells yea through the bones without being mingled with the good blood Our discourse ended I embalmed the body and put it into a Coffinne after that the Emperors Chirurgion tooke me apart and told me if I would remaine with him that he would use me very well and that he would cloath me anew also that I should ride on horsebacke I thanked him very kindly for the honour he did me and told him that I had no desire to doe service to strangers and enemies to my Countrey then he told mee I was a foole and if he were prisoner as I hee would serve the divell to get his liberty In the end I told him flat that I would not dwell at all with him The Emperors Physition returned toward the sayd Lord of Savoy where he declared the cause of the death of the sayd Lord of Martigues and told him that it was impossible for all the men in the would to have cured him and confirmed againe that I had done what was necessary to be done and prayed him to winne mee to his service and spoke better of me than I deserved Having beene perswaded to take me to his service he gave charge to one of his stewards named Monfieur du Bouchet to tell me if I would dwell in his service that he would use me kindly I answered him that I thank't him most humbly and that I had resolved not to dwell with any stranger This my answer being heard by the Duke of Savoy he was somewhat in choller and sayd hee would send mee to the Gallies Monsieur de Vandeville Governour of Gravelin and Colonell of seaventeene Ensignes of foote prayed him to give me to him to dresse him of an Vlcer which he had in his Leg this six or seaven yeares Monsieur de Savoy told him because I was of worth that he was content and if I ranckled his Leg it would be â—ell done Hee answered that if hee perceaved any thing that hee would cause my throate to be cut Soone after the said Lord of Vaudeville sent for me by fowre Germane Halberdiers which affrighted me much not knowing whither they led mee they spake no more French than I high Dutch being arrived at his lodging he told mee I was welcome and that I was his and as soone as I should have cured him of that Vlcer in his Leg that he would give me leave to be gone without taking any ransome of me I told him I was not able to pay any ransome Then he made his Physition and Chirurgions in ordinary to shew mee his ulcerated Leg having seene and considered it we went apart into a Chamber where I began to tell them that the said Vlcer was annuall not being simple but complicated that is to say of a round figure and scaly having the lips hard and callous hollow and sordid accompanied with a great varicous veine which did perpetually feede it besides a great tumor and a phlegmonous distemper very painefull through the whole Leg in a body of cholericke complexion as the haire of his face and beard demonstrated The method to cure it if cured it could be was to begin with universall things that is with purgation and bleeding and with this order of dyet that hee should not use any wine at all nor any salt meates or of great nourishment chiefely these which did heat the blood afterward the cure must begun with making divers scarifications about the Vlcer and totally cutting away the callous edges or lips and giving a long or a triangular figure for the round will very hardly cure as the Ancients have left it in writing which is seene by experience That done the filth must be mundified as also the corrupted flesh which should be done with Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and upon it a bolster dipt in juice of Plantaine and Nightshade and Oxycrate and roule the Leg beginning at the foote and finishing at the knee not forgetting a little bolster upon the Varicous veine to the end no superfluities should flow to the Vlcer Moreover that he should take rest in his bed which is commanded by Hippocrates who saith that those who have soare Legs should not use much standing or sitting but lying along And after these things done and the Vlcer well mundified a plate of Lead rubbed with quickesilver should be applyed See then the meanes by which the said Lord Vaudeville might be cured of the said Vlcer all which they found good Then the Physition left mee with the Chirurgion and went to the Lord Vaudeville to tell him that he did assure him I would cure him and told him all that I had resolved to doe for the cure of his Vlcer whereof hee was very joyfull He made mee to bee called to him and asked me if I was of the opinion that his Vlcer could be cured and I told him yes provided he would be obedient to doe what he ought He made me a promise hee would performe all things which I would appoint and as soone as his Vlcer should be cured he would give me liberty to returne without paying any ransome Then I beseech't him to come to a better composition with me telling him that the time would be too long to bee in liberty if I stayd till hee was perfectly well and that I hoped within fifteene dayes the Vlcer should bee diminished more than one halfe and it should bee without paine and that his Physitions and Chirurgions would finish the rest of the cure very easily To which hee agreed and then I tooke a peece of paper and cut it the largenesse of the Vlcer which I gave him and kept as much my selfe I prayd him to keepe promise when he should
810 Aqua theriacalis the description manner of making thereof 755 824. good against the Plague 824 Aqua vitae how distilled 1100 Aqueus humor 183 Arachnoides sive araneosa tunica 183 Arâ—oticke medicines 1040 Archagatus a Romane Chirurgion slaine by the people 5 Argentum Vivum see Hydrargyrum l Aristomachus the Philosopher a great observer of Bees 59 Arme or shoulderbone the fractures thereof 575 Arme and the bone and muscles thereof 214. The defect thereof how to be supplyed 880 882 Arsnicke the poysonâ—us quality thereof and the cure 810 Arrowes wounds made by them and their severall formes 438. How to be drawne forth 440 Artery what 97. The division of the great descendent Artery 113 115. Distribution of the left subclavian Artery 153. Of the Axillarie 211. Of the crurall 223. Not dangerous to be opened 641. Rough Artery 157. Figure of the Arteries 154 Arteria Venosa and the distribution thereof 147. Carotydes 153. Cervicalis ibid. Intercostalis ibid. Mammaria ibid. musculosa ibid. Humeraria duplex ibid. Thoracica duplex ibid. Aspera 156. Muscula 225. Arthrodia what 243 Articulation and the kinds thereof 242. 243 244 Ascarides have knowne 766 Ascites see Dropsie Aspe his bite and the symptomes that happen thereon with their cure 794 Asses milke how to be used in the cure of a Heotique 395 A stragalus 233 Atheroma what 271. The cure thereof 〈◊〉 Atrophia how helped 634 635 Attractive medicines what 1039 Auricula cordis 145 Auripigmentum the poysonous quality and the cure thereof 810 Autumne the condition thereof 10 Axiomes anatomicall 122. 152 183 212 226. Philosophicall 184 B Backe-bone and the use thereof 198 Bagges the diversity and use 1071 Ball bellowes 415 Balneum Mariae 1096 1097 Balsames fit to heale simple not contused wounds 434 Balsame of Vesalius his description 1107. Of Fallopius his description ibid. An anodyne and sarcoticke one 402 Bandages their differences 553. What cloth best for them ibid. Indications how to fit them 554. Three kinds necessary in fractures 555 Common precepts for their use 557. Vses whereto they serve 558 Barnard the Hermite 1017 Barrennes the cause thereof in men 931. In women 932 Basiliske her description bite and the cure thereof 792 Battailâ—s where the Author was present See Voyages 20 Bathes good in paine of the Eyes 646 Bathes their faculties and differences 1074 How to know whence they have their efficacy ibid. Their faculties and to whom hurtfull 1075. halfe bathes 1073 Beautroll a beast of Florida 1021 Bearwormes the bites and the cure thereof 798 Beares their craft 56 Beasts inventors of some remedies 56. Their facultie in persaging 57. Their love and cure of their young 60. Most wild ones may be tamed 64. They know one anothers voice 72 Bees their government 58. Care and justice 59. Their stinging the cure thereof 798 Baggars their cousenages and crafty trickes 992 993 c. Belly why not bony 85. The division of the lower belly ibid. Bezoar and Bezoarticke medicines 808 Biceps musculus 218 and 231 Binding of the vessels for bleeding 341. An apologie therefore 1133. Authorities therefore 1134. Reason 1135. Experience 1136. Histories to confirme it 1137 Birds their industry in building their nests 58. Ravenous birds 70. Counterfeit mans voice 72. They have taught men to sing ibid. Bird of Paradise 1017 Birth see Child-birth Bitings of man and Beast venenate 360 1782 Bitings of a Mad-dogge Adder c. see Dog Adder c. Bitter things not fit to bee injected into wounds of the Chest 390 Bladder of the Gall. 110 Bladder of Vrine 123. The substance figure c. ibid. Signes of the wounds thereof 397. Vlcers thereof and their cure 481. 686 Bleare-eyes their differences and cure 644 Bleeding in wounds how helped 328. How stopped by binding the vessells 341. Why devised by our Author 462. In amputation of Members 459 Blood the temper thereof 11. The materiall and efficient causes thereof 12. Where perfected ibid. All the foure humors comprehended under that generall name ibid. compared with new wine ibid. the nature consistance colour taste and use 13 Blood-letting whether necessary at the beginning of pestilent diseases 845 Bloodletting when necessary in a synochus 261. When in an Erysipelas 263. When in a Tertian 267. In what wounds not necessary 326. The two chiefe indications thereof 359. Why necessary in the Fracture of the beele 632. See Phlebotomie Bloody Vrine and the causes thereof c. 685 Boate-bone 234 Body how divided 83. 85. The forepart thereof 86. The backe part 87. The crookednesse thereof how helped 876 Bolsters and other use 359 Bones how they feele 81. Their definition 138. Their differences 139. How hurt by the Trepan 365. What hastens their scailing ibid. Their corruption 371. How helped 372 Bones of the scull 162. Of the face 178. Of the nose 179. Of the auditory passage 191 Of the arme 214. Of the backe 198. Of the breast 136. Of the cubit 217 Of the wrest afterwrest and fingers 218. Seede-bones 220. Of the Thigh 228. Of the Legge 231. Of the foote 233. Of the Toes 234. A briefe recitall of all the Bones 239 Bones more brittle in frosty weather 562. sooner knit in young bodies 563. Their generall cure being broken or dislocated 564. How to helpe the symptomes happening thereon 566. Why they become rotten in the Lue venerea and how it may be perceived 747. How helped ib. Bones sticking in the Throate or law how to be got out 556 Brachiaeus Musculus 218 Braine and the History thereof 165. The Ventricles thereof 166. The mamillary proccsses ibid. Braine the mooving or concussion thereof 350 how cured 376 Breasts 137. Their magnitude figure c. ibid. How they communicate with the wombe 138 Breast-bone the History thereof 126 Breast bone the depression or fracture thereof bow helped 570 Brevis musculus 218 Bronchocele the differences thereof and the cure 298 Bruises see Contusions Bubo's by what meanes the humor that causes them flowes downe 224 Bubo's venereall ones returning in againe causes the Lues venerea 724. Their efficient and materiall causes 746. Their cure ibid Bubo's in the Plague whence their originall 817. The description signes and cure 853 prognosticks 857 Bubonocele what 304 Bullets shot out of Guns doe not burne 410. They cannot be poysoned 412. 437. remaine in the body after the healing of wounds 429 Buprestes their poyson and the cure 800 Burnes how kept from blistring 410. See Combustions Byshop-fish 1002 C. Cacochymia what 37 Caecum intestinum 106 Calcaneum os 234 Caeliaca arteria 113 Callus what and whence it proceeds 323 Better generated by meates of grosse nourishment 562. Made more handsome by Ligation ibid. The materiall and efficient causes thereof 588. Medicines conducing to the generation thereof ibid. How to know it is a breeding 589. What may hinder the generation thereof and how to helpe it being ill formed 590 Camells their kinds and condition 70 Cancer the reason of the name 279. Causes
things joyned together Examples of uniting things dissoyned Examples of suplying defects Archagatus the Chirurgion In prafat lib. 7. The properties of a good Chirurgion From when 〈◊〉 we must draw Indications What things are called naturall To what part of Phisicke things not natural pertaine To what things besides nature What an Element is Elements are understood by reason not by sense Why he expressed the Elements by these names of qualities Two principall qualities are in each Element Why the Aire heats not so vehemently as the Fire How the Elements may be understood to be mixed in compound bodies Why of the first qualities two are accounted active and two passive Why the first qualities are so called What the second qualities are What Elements light what heavy What the Elements of generation are What the Elements of mize bodies What a Temperament is * Anima What the life performes in Plants * Anima What in beasts Mans soule comes from above The manifold division of a Temperament A Temperament ad Poudus 〈◊〉 Ad poudus vel ad jusâ—â—tiâ—… A temperament ad justitiam The temperament of a bone The kindes of untemperate tempers Lib. 2. de Temper in Arte medica What the temperament of mans body are Ad finam lib de temper The temperaments of ages What an age is Old age devided into two parts * Three degrees of the second part of oldage Old men have their solid parts drie A comparison of the foure ages to the foure seasons of the yeare The tempers of the seasons of the yeare How the Spring is temperate Aphor. 9. sect 3 Aphor. 20. sect 3â— Autumneunequall How Winter increases the native heat Aphor. 4 sect 3 The temperaments of Humors Lib. de natura humana ad sent 36. Sect. 1 The temperature of the blood From whence we judge of the temperature of medicines The knowledge of the Humors is necessary Lib. de natura Hum. The helpes of Health What an humor is The manifold division of Humors The materiall and efficient causes of blood What the Chylus â—…s * Vena porta Where the blood is perfected The receptacles of Choler and Melancholy Foure unlike Humors in the Bloody A comparison of blood and novv wine Phlegme is blood halfe concocted Why it hath no proper receptacle Lib. 1. de temp One and the same heate is the efficient cause of all humors at the same time The heate of the Sunne alone doth melt waxe and harden clay The divers condition of the matter alone is the cause of varietie The effects of Phlegme The effects of Choler The effects of Melancholy What motions are in each quarter of the body The Melancholy humor doth not cause but whet the appetite A Serous or wheyish humor Secundary humors * Roâ— Humors against nature Into what humors the bloud when it corrupts doth degenenerate The Melancholy humor corrupted is of three kinds * Albuminca * Vitellina Such as the humor is such is the colour The manners and diseases of Sanguine persons Cholericke are not commonly fat The manners and diseases of Cholericke persons The manners and diseases of Phlegmaticke persons From whence â—oise or rumbling in the belly proceedes Diseases familiar to Melancholy persons From or by what their veines are swollen Their dreames * Hydrophobi Their manners From whence the change of the native temper How one may become cholericke How melancholick How Plegmatickâ— Foure bounds or Regions of the world The forces of temperatures in particulars The temperature of the Southerene people Of the Northerne The Southern people prevaile in wit the Northernâ— in strenght The Southern people learned and religious The Northern famous Warrious and Artificers The endowments of such as inhabite between them The Northren know how to overcome but not how to use the victory The aboundance of counsellors and Lawyers from France and Italy The manners of the Eastern people The manners of the Western people The East winde healthfull The Northern people great eaters and drinkers who are to be counted Barbarous The Northâ—ne and Southerne have each their Cruelties Valer. Maâ— lib. 9. cap. 2. The diseases of the Southerne people Mountainers What a facultie is 3. Faculties The triple use of the Pulse The naturall faculty is three-fold What Nutrition is Foure other faculties attend upon the nourishing faculty The necessity of the retentive faculty Two excrements of every concoction The worke of the expulsiue faculty By what degrees the nourishment is assimulated What an Action is An Action and an Act are different Natural Actions Generation what it is What Growth is What Nutrition is Action voluntary * Anima sentiens How sight is performed How hearing How smelling How the taste * Sapor How touching Of motion How Respiration may be a voluntary motion The third principall Action What a spirit is Spirits three-fold The Animall spirit Why so called * Anima How it is made The Vitall spirit What the matter of it is There is some doubt of the Naturallspirit Fixed spirits The radicall moisture Naturall death The vse and necessity of the Spirits What the remedy for the dissipation of the spirits What the remedy for oppression of the spirits is What sexe is The nature of weomen Of Eunuches Of Hermaphrodites Colour the bewrayer of the Temperament The perfection of the organicall parts consists in 4. things Diet. The commodities of an indifferent Diet. Why they are called things not naturall Galen 1. ad Glauconem 1. de sanitattnenda How necessary for life the aire is What Aire is huttfull Three things are understood by the name of the aires Aphor. 4. sect 2. The force of the windes How the windes acquire other faculties than they naturally have The West-winde of it selse unwhosesome What force stars haue upon the aire How the aire of Paris comes to be ill for wounds of the head and good for those of the legge By what meames the aire changes our bodies The goodnesse of nourishmentes Their quantitie The quantitie of meates must be esteemed according to the nature oâ—… the disease and strength of the Patient The qualities of meate Old age is a disease Aphor. 16. sect 1. The force of Custome Aphor. 91. sect 2. Aphor. 38. sect 2. Accustomed meates are more gratefull and so by that meanes more nourishing The order of eating our meats We must begin our meales with moist or liquid meat The time of eating The profit of labour before meate We must not give meat in a fit of a Fever Variety of meats Why variety of meatsis good Indications of feeding taken from the age Indication From the time of the yeare What motion signifies Three kinds of frictions Hard. Gentle Indifferent The use of exercises What the fittest time for exercise The qualitie of exâ—â—cise For whom strong exercises are convenient * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 What discommodities proceed from idlenesse What sleepe is The use of sleepe Fit time for sleepe and the nature of the night Sleepe on the day-time There