Selected quad for the lemma: blood_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
blood_n	body_n	life_n	wine_n	6,722	5	7.7919	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16489	Relations of the most famous kingdomes and common-wealths thorowout the world discoursing of their situations, religions, languages, manners, customes, strengths, greatnesse, and policies. Translated out of the best Italian impression of Boterus. And since the last edition by R.I. now once againe inlarged according to moderne observation; with addition of new estates and countries. Wherein many of the oversights both of the author and translator, are amended. And unto which, a mappe of the whole world, with a table of the countries, are now newly added.; Relazioni universali. English	Botero, Giovanni, 1540-1617.; Johnson, Robert, fl. 1586-1626.	1630 (1630)	STC 3404; ESTC S106541	447,019	654

so the weake constitutions of the Southerne Nations are supplied by the extraordinarie gifts of the minde terme them what you please either wit or subtiltie Of crueltie also they have ever beene taxed Reade Leo Afer his Historie of Afrike and the Carthaginian dissentions or if Antiquitie please you not then turne your eyes to the late butcheries of Muleasses and his children and diligently weigh if ever your eares heard of more hellish furies than those which these Princes have put in execution either upon their vassals or against their own linage Which if you undertake then you shall see miserable Muleasses deprived of his kingdome with his eyes burnt out his face disfigured and in lamentable distresse by the cruelty of his brother prostrating his complaints at the feet of Charles the Emperour For to speake uprightly from these Nations more than from any other have tortures of more exquisite device taken their originals as exoculations tearing of memb●●s flayings gashings with swords slow fires and impalements on stakes all which the Italians the French the Spanish the Greekes and the people of Asia have ever abhorred and never admitted but upon occasions of horrible treasons and that unwillingly too as borrowed from their neighbours And that no man should conjecture as doth Polybius that evill education should produce this disposition of crueltie I would advise him to looke into the nature of the Southerne Americans who also bathe their children in the gore of their slaughtered enemies then drinke their bloud and lastly banquet with the quartered carkasses of their enemies But if peradventure any man will object the like crueltie in the Northerne man I would wish him to put this difference that the man of the North is transported into fury by the heat of courage and pursueth his revenge in open field where being provoked and passion asswaged he is easily pacified whereas the Southerne man is not easily provoked nor once in passion is easily to be reconciled and in actions of warre he wholly setteth his hopes on policies and stratagems tormenting with great indignitie and crueltie his slaine or vanquished enemies and that in cold bloud A disposition base and brutish arising partly I denie not from that instinct of fury which evill education and their inveterate desire of revenge doe ingender in nature but more properly increased by the unequall distribution of humours and these humours by the inequalitie of the elements By the influence of celestiall providence these elements are proportioned and by these elements humane bodies are transported and bloud infused in the bodie life in the bloud the soule in life and understanding in the soule which although it be free from passion yet by proximitie it cannot but participate of neighbour-imperfection the reason wherefore the people dwelling on either side our Middest are more prone to vice and foule behaviour For as melancholie can no more be wanting to bloud thanlees to wine no otherwise can these passions which arise from melancholie be extracted from the body Now the Southerne people having the greatest portion of their other humours drawne out by the heat of the Sun the melancholike wherewith they most abound remaine and as dregges settle at the base of all their actions being the more exasperated by their froward and perverse dispositions That men of these constitutions are utterly implacable Ajax and M. Coriolanus may serve for presidents the former of whom for that he could not have his will on his enemie in a madding mood fell upon droves of cattell the other would in no wise be reconciled to his Countrey before he saw the Cities thereof on a flaming fire in danger of irrecoverable destruction But that the Northerne people have also their faults and are subject to choler I must not gaine-say but advise you to consider that when this passion happeneth to over-rule reason it burneth the bloud and incenseth the minde to quarrelling and revenge but in a farre fairer measure as I said before than melancholie doth in the nature of a Southerne man According to Cicero Passion may over-beare a wise man madnesse cannot Now that the people of the South have beene given to the studies of contemplation a profession befitting their melancholike humours let their excellent Writers and Inventors of many noble Sciences as the Historie of Nature the Mathematikes Religion and the operation of the Planets plead their properties The Northerne people being lesse given to contemplation by reason of their plentie of bloud and humours distempering their minds and hindering it's faculties have without teaching found out such Arts as fall within the compasse of understanding and apprehension as Mechanicall workmanships Ordnance casting of metals Printing and Minerals Being also the Darlings of Mars they have alwayes and that with incredible eagernesse of courage embraced the Art Militarie loved Armes levelled Mountaines and turned Streames giving themselves wholly to Hunting to Tillage to Grasing and to those Arts which are managed by labour insomuch that a man may well affirme That their wits consist in their hands The reason why the Astrologers if you please to beleeve them affirme That those who have Mars Lord in their Nativities become either Souldiers or Trades-men Of the people of the Middle Region OF this division are those who at this day understanding the reciprocall bounds of Government and Subjection and inured to civill and sociable conditions are sufficiently enabled to frustrate the policies of the South and to oppose against the furies of the North. Out of this mould would Vitruvius have a Commander to be chosen and how judiciously let others say wee will only maintaine by historicall experience that the Goths Hunnes Heruli and Vandals wasted Asia Afrike and Europe and yet for want of good counsell could never maintaine their Conquests whereas farre weaker forces assisted by wisdome and politike government have not only brought barbarous Nations to civilitie but likewise perpetuated most flourishing Empires In approbation whereof the Poets fained Pallas to be armed and Achilles to be by her protected It is recorded also of Cato Censorius that he was a valiant Captaine a sage Senator an upright Iudge and a great Scholer of Caesar that he was a Politician an Historian an Orator and a Warrior of Agamemnon that he was a good Governour and a tall Souldier And therefore no wonder if the Scythians hating Learning and the Southerne Nations abhorring Armes could never make good their conquered acquisitions The Romans embraced both to their great good fortunes and according to Platoes rule intermingled Musicke as the saying is with Martiall exercises From the Grecians they deemed it no discredit to borrow Lawes and Letters from the Carthaginians and Sicilians the Art Marine the Militarie they had in perfection by continuance and assiduitie Before these times Scythian-like they strucke downe-right blowes afterwards they learned of the Spaniards saith Polybius to thrust with the point Thus much by way of Reading and Observation for Inclination and Industrie for mine

of round fish as Lamprey Conger Haddocke so likewise in divers seasons divers other sorts as Mackerels in the end of the Spring and Herrings in the beginning of Autumne as wee have in England c. And this Countrey must needs be well stored with Fish for besides the benefit of the Sea the Lakes and Ponds belonging only to the Clergie which at the most have but one third of France are reported to be one hundred fifty five thousand The Rivers also of France are so many as Boterus reporteth of the Queene Mother she should say here were more than in all Christendome but we hold her for no good Cosmographer True it is that the Rivers here are many and very faire and so fitly serving one the other and all the whole as it seemeth Nature in the framing of our bodies did not shew more wonderfull providence in disposing Veines and Arteries throughout the bodie for their apt conveyance of the bloud and spirit from the Liver and Heart to each part therof than she hath shewed in the placing of these waters for the transporting of all her commodities to all her severall Provinces Of all those these are the principall the Seine upon which standeth the Citie of Paris Roven and many other It hath his head a little above Chatillon in the North-west of Lingonois and receiveth nine Rivers of name whereof the Yonne the Marn and the Oyse are navigable that is doe carry Boats with saile The Soane whereupon standeth the City of Amiens Abbevile and many other It hath his head above S. Quintin divideth Piccardy from Artois and receiveth eight lesser Rivers The Loire hath standing upon it the Cities of Orleans Nantes and many other his head is in Auvergne it parteth the middle of France his course is almost two hundred leagues it receiveth seventy two Rivers whereof the chiefe are Allier Cher Maine Creuse Vienne all navigable The Garond upon which standeth Bourdeaux Thoulouse and other Cities it hath his head in the Pereney Mountaines it divideth Languedocke from Gascoine it receiveth sixteene Rivers whereof Iarne Lot Bayze Derdonne and Lis●e are chiefest And lastly the Rhosne upon which standeth the Citie of Lions Avignon and divers others It hath his head in the Mountaines the Alpes dividing Dolpheny from Lyonnois and Province from Languedocke it receiveth thirteene Rivers whereof the Seane the Dove Ledra and Durance are the chiefest All the other Rivers carry their streames into the Ocean Some at S. Vallery Seine at New-haven Loyre beneath Nantes and Garona at Blay only the River of Rhosue payeth his tribute to the Mediterranean at Arles The Seine is counted the richest the Rhosue the swiftest the Garond the greatest the Loyre the sweetest for the difference which Boterus makes of them where he ornits the Garond and makes the S●ane a principall River is generally rejected The Ports and Passages into France where Custome is paid to the King were in times past more than they be now the names of them at this present are these In Picardie Calais Bologue Saint Vallerie In Normandie Diepe Le Haure de Grace Honnesleux Caen Cherbrouge In Bretaigne S. Malo S. Brieu Brest Quimpercorentine Vannes Nants In Poi●tow Lusson les sables d'Olonne In Rochellois Rochell In Xantogne Zonbisse In Guyenne Bourdeaux Blay Bayonne In Languedocke Narbonne Agde Bencaire Mangueil In Provence Arles Marseilles Fransts In L●onnois Lions In Burgogne Ausonne Laugers In Campagne Chaumons Chalons Trois In the Territory Metzin Metz Toul Verdun In all thirty seven Of all these Lions is reputed to be the most advantagious to the Kings Finances as being the Key for all Silkes cloaths of Gold and Silver and other Merchandize whatsoever which come or goe from Italy Swisserland and all those South-east Countries into France which are brought to this Towne by the two faire Rivers of Rhosne and S●●n the one comming from Savoy the other from Burgundie and here meeting For profit next to Lions are Bourdeaux Rochell Marseilles Nants and Newhaven But for capabilitie of shipping I have heard that Brest excelleth and for strength Ca●a●● especially as it is now lately fortified by the Spaniard which was not let long since to be called The goodliest government in the world at least in Christendome There are requisite in all Ports to make them perfect these foure things 1. Roome to receive many and great Ships 2. Safe Riding 3. Facilitie of repelling forren force 4. Concourse of Merchants The most of the French Ports have all foure properties except only the last which in the time of these civill broiles have discontinued and except that wee will also grant that Calais failes in the first The Cities in France if you will count none Cities but where is a Bishops See are onely one hundred and foure there be so many Arch-bishops and Bishops in all as shall in more fit place be shewed But after the French reckoning calling every Ville a Citie which is not either a Burgade or a Village we shall finde that their number is infinite and indeed uncertaine as is also the number of the Townes in generall Some say there be one Million and seven hundred thousand but they are of all wise men reproved Others say six hundred thousand but this is also too great to be true The Cabinet rateth them at one hundred thirtie two thousand of Parish Churches Hamlets and Villages of all sorts Badin saith there be twentie seven thousand and foure hundred counting only every Citie for a Parish which will very neere agree with that of the Cabinet and therefore I embrace it as the truest By the reckoning before set downe of two hundred leagues square which France almost yeeldeth wee must compute that here is in all fortie thousand leagues in square and in every league five thousand Arpens of ground which in all amounteth to two hundred millions of Arpens which summe being divided by the numbers of the Parishes sheweth that one with another each Village hath one thousand five hundred and fifteene Arpens which measure is bigger than our Acre We may if we will abstract a third because Bodin will not admit France to be square but as a Lozenge For in matter of such generalitie as this men doe alwayes set downe suppositions not certainties If a man will looke thorowout all France I thinke that some Castles excepted he shall not finde any Towne halfe perfectly fortified according to the rules of Enginers The Citie of Paris seated in a very fruitfull and pleasant part of the I le of France upon the River of Sein is by the same divided into three parts that on the North towards Saint Denis is called the Burge that on the South towards the Fauxburges of S. Germaines is called the Vniversitie and that in the little I le which the River there makes by dividing it selfe is called the Vil●e This part no doubt is the most ancient for saith my Author Lutetia is a City of the Parisians

to make reckonings even they supply the want with Corne and Salt For Pepper Frankincense Myrrh and Salt they give Gold and that by weight as for Silver it is in little request The greatest concourse of people is about the Kings Court which never stayeth long in one place but is ever in progresse sometime in one place sometime in another and ever in the open fields under Tents and Pavillions It is said to containe ten miles in circuit His government is tyrannicall for he intreateth his Vassals rich and poore more liker slaves than subjects which to doe with the greater safetie he carrieth himselfe amongst them with a holy and Saint-like adoration for at his bare name they bow their bodies and touch the earth with their hands They reverence his Pavillion yea though he be absent In old times they were accustomed to shew themselves to the people but once in three years but since they are growne lesse Majesticall shewing themselves thrice in one yeare to wit on Christmas-day on Easter-day and on Holy-Rood-day yea and in these times the Kings which now reigne are become more gracious When any matter is committed in the Princes name to any man hee is to attend his Commission starke naked to the middle Being called to witnesse a matter in controversie they hardly speake truth unlesse they sweare by the life of the King Hee giveth and taketh to whom and from whom he pleaseth neither dare he from whom he taketh for his life make shew of a discontented countenance He presenteth to holy Orders and disposeth at his good pleasure of the goods of the Spiritualtie as well as of the Laitie In travelling he rideth shadowed with red Curtaines high and deepe incompassing him round about He weareth on his head a Crowne the one halfe wrought with Gold and the other of Silver in his hand he beareth a Silver Crucifix He covereth his face with a peece of watchet Taftata which more or lesse he lifteth up and putteth downe according as hee is minded to grace him with whom he talketh Sometimes he sheweth his whole legge lifting it without the hangings then may no man approach but by degrees and after many courtesies and divers messages passing to and fro No man hath vassals but the King to whom once a yeare they doe homage and protest obedience as subjects to their Liege Soveraigne Hee derived his pedegree from Milech the sonne of Salomon and Saba In the reigne of Candaces they received the Christian Faith and about that time one Gasparis became famous in Aethiopia from whom after thirteene generations descended that Iohn who first tooke upon him the Surname of Sanctus and left it an hereditary Title to his house and successours This man having no issue of his body about the time of Constantine gave the Kingdome to the eldest sonne of his brother Caius and invested the younger Balthasar and Melchior the one with the Kingdome of Fatigar the other with the Kingdome of Goiam and so divided the bloud royall into three Families the Gaspars Balthasars and Melchiors To avoid sedition and innovation hee made a Law that the sonnes brethren and neerest kindred of the Emperour should be kept and shut up in the Castle of Amara and that they should neither succeed in the Empire nor enjoy any honourable estate for which cause the Emperours ever since have seldome married He manureth his Domaines with his owne slaves and Cattell who by reason they are suffered to marrie and their issues remaine in the same estate of villenage as doe their Fathers they increase to infinite multitudes Every man that hath any inheritance doth likewise pay tribute some Horses some Oxen others Gold Cotton-wooll or such like It is thought that he is Lord of infinite Treasures and to have store of houses full of Cloth Jewels and Gold In his Letters to the King of Portugal upon condition that he would wage war against the Infidels he offered him a Million of Gold and a Million of men with provision according He is reported to lay up yearely in the Castle of Amara three Millions of Gold And true it is that before the dayes of King Alexander he did hoord up great store of Gold in rude and unwrought Masses but no such quantity as is spoken because they know not how to refine it His Revenues are of three sorts the first ariseth of his Crowne-land the second of the Taxes of his people who pay every man by house somewhat besides the tenth of all that is digged out of their Mines the third he levieth of the great Lords and they give him the Revenue of any one of their Townes which he will chuse so he chuse not that wherein themselves inhabit And albeit the Prince be very rich yet the people are idle and beggarly partly because they are intreated as slaves which usage taketh from any people that courage alacritie of spirit which should be in men professing armes and undergoing dangers and partly because in respect of that base bond of servile fidelity wherewith they are over-awed to his Majesty they perceive their hands are fast bound through feare whereof they have no other weapon fit for service than a rusty head-peece a Scull or Curasse which the Portugals have brought thither So that having neither fortresse to slie unto nor weapons to repulse wrongs their Villages and substance lie alwayes open to the prey and spoile of whosoever will invade them Their offensive weapons are certaine darts and arrowes without feathers They observe a Lent of fifty dayes which by reason of their true or rather superstitious abstinence doth bring their bodies so weake and low that for many dayes after they are not able to gather strength to move themselves from one place to another At which time the Moores watching opportunity invading their Dominions carry away men women and wealth Francis Alvarez writeth that he is able to bring into the field an hundred thousand men but experience hath manifested that even in his extremities his numbers were far inferior to that reckoning He hath Knights of an order dedicated to the protecton of S. Anthony Every Gentleman Father of three sons except the eldest is bound to give one to the service of the King out of these are chosen twelve thousand Horsemen for the guard of his person Their vow and oath is to defend the bounds of the Empire and to fight against the enemies of the Christian Faith He is fronted with three puissant neighbours the King of Borno the great Turke and the King of Adel. The King of Borno is Lord of that Countrey which from Guangula Eastward stretcheth about five hundred miles betweene the desarts of Seth and Barca In situation it is very uneven sometime mountainous and sometime plaine the people indifferent civill the Countrey reasonably well inhabited and in regard of plenty of victuall somewhat resorted unto by Merchants On the Mountaines dwell Neat-herds and Sheep-herds living for the

speech is very sudden and loud speaking as it were out of a deepe hollow throat Their chiefest exercise is shooting wherein they traine their children from their infancie and to conclude are the very same people whom the Greekes and Latines called Scytha-Nomades or the Scythian Shepherds There are divers other Tartars as I have afore said bordering upon Russia as the Nagaij the Cheremissens the Mordwits the Chircasses and the Shalcans all differing in name more than in custome or condition from the Chrim Tartar except the Chircasses that border South-East toward Lituania who are farre more civill than the rest of the Tartars of a comely personage and stately behaviour as imitating the fashion of the Polonian whereof some of them have subjected themselves to this Crowne and professe Christianity The Nagaij lieth Eastward and is reckoned the best man of warre among the Tartars but very savage above all the rest The Cheremissen Tartar lieth betweene the Russie and the Nagaij and are of two sorts the Luganoy that is of the valley and the Nagornay viz. of the hilly Countrey These have so troubled the Russe Emperour that under colour of a yearely pension of Russie commodities he is content to buy his peace yet with condition to serve him in his warres The most rude and barbarous is the Mordwit Tartar a people having many selfe-fashions and strange kinds of behaviour differing from the rest Next to the Kingdome of Astraehan the farthest part South-East of the Russie dominion lieth the Shalcan and the Country of Media whither the Russie Merchants travell for raw Silks Syndon Saftron Skins and other commodities The next bordering neighbour by Finland side is the King of Sweveland Of late times this King holding a long warre against him tooke from him by force the Castles of Sorenesco and Pernavia the great and the lesse in Livonia on the one side while King Stephen vexed him with a cruell warre on the other In the utmost bound of the Finland Bay the Swevian to his great charge possesseth the fortresse of Viburge maintaining therein a great Garrison to resist the attempts of the Russe Likewise in that Sea and on the coast adjoyning he keepeth the ships of warre as well to be ready at all assayes against the approaches of this great Duke as also to forbid the Easterlings the bringing in of munition and warlike furniture into any part of the Russies Dominions neither doth he suffer other Ships to saile in those Seas without a speciall Placard signed with his owne hand By the benefit of this Navy the King wheresoever he finds meanes to use it becommeth master of the Sea and by vertue thereof seizeth upon many places on the coast of Livonia and the bordering territories But where the Dukes horse or his great numbers of footmen may stand him in stead as in the open field removed from the Sea there he maketh his part good enough and most commonly puts the Swevian to the worst The best is Nature hath placed betweene them such rough Mountaines such cold such Ice and such snowes that they cannot greatly endamage one another The last neighbour is the King of Poland betweene whom and the great Duke this is the difference The Moscovite hath more territories the Polonians better inhabited and more civill the Moscovite more subjects and more subject the Polonian better souldiers and more couragious the Moscovites are apter to beare the shocke than to give a charge the Polonians to charge the Moscovite is fitter to keepe a fortresse the Polonian to fight in the field the Moscovite forces are better united the Polonian more considerate and better armed the Moscovite lesse careth for want and extremities the Polonian death and the sword yea either Nation is of greater worth when either of their Princes is of greater magnanimity As it hapned when Basilius conquered the great Duchie of Smoloncke and Poloncke and the large circuit of Livonia And againe when Stephen King of Poland in his last warres against Iohn Basilius his sonne reconquered Poloncke with divers other places of good reckoning besieged the City of Plesko and forced the Moscovite to leave all Livonia whereby I conclude such as is the valour and wisdome of either Prince such is the force and courage of their people Tartaria THe Empire of Tartaria laid prostrate under the Throne of the Great Cham. called Dominus dominantium and Rex regum spreadeth if selfe with to large imbracement that it extendeth from the Northerne Olba or if you will Tamais even to the Easterne Sea sometime surnamed the Atlanticke whose vast Lap is almost filled with a fry of Ilands and begirteth all the Countries called Scythia Ievomongal Sumongal Mercat Metrit the vast Desart of Lop Tangut Kataia and Mungia so that shouldering all the Northerne shore of the Caspian it runneth along without controll by the high looking walls of China and is over-shadowed by those formidable Mountaines Riphei Hyperborei Iman and Caucasus And although the Chrim Tartar would faine challenge affinity with the Turke expecting that if the Ottoman line should faile the greatest share of the worlds magnificence would devolve to him yet dare he not but acknowledge the Emperour Cham for his Lord paramount and is affrighted when hee heareth of any complaints to his prejudice From Scythia to the Province of Tangus they live in troops or hoords and remove from place to place according to the temperature of the season and plenty of feeding Nor before the yeare of Redemption 1●12 did we in Europe heare of the name of a Tartar but of Scythians Sarmatians Albanians and such who were all Idolaters They are men of square Stature broad Faces hollow Eies thin Beards and ugly Countenances swartish of Complexion not for that the Sunne kisseth them with extraordinary kindnesse but for that the aire and their sluttish customes corrupteth their bloud and bodies To which inconveniences Nature notwithstanding hath prevailed in the distribution of valour swift foot-manship vigilancy and patience to endure the many incumbrances of travell hunger and want of sleepe They love horses and from that love accustome themselves to a savage drinking of their bloud practicing a cunning theft therem which being inpunishable occasioneth many pretty changes both in keeping their owne and purloyning from others as if some civill Artist had instructed them in the Lacedemonian Lawes which tolerated theft for the better animating one another in the spoyling of their enemies In their travels and removement they are governed by their Stars and observing the North pole they settle according to its motion They live free from covetousnesse and are thus farre happy that the strange corruption of wealth breedeth no disorders amongst them yet have they a kinde of trafficke and by way of exchange continue mutuall commerces loving presents and can be contented to bee flattered even in their Barbarisme as all the Easterne people of the world I thinke are affected either by nature or tradition