summer time temperate bodies are less ponderous than they are in winter by about three pounds XXIV In the summer time men are subject to weariness not because the body is more ponderous but because it is less strong XXV In a warm air the body is of less strength as well by reason that with the perspiration there is somewhat of the better spirits exhal'd as because the warmth is not concentrated XXVI There is alwayes by a warm air somewhat dispersed through the whole skin which carries away with it somewhat of the internal good humour XXVII In the summer time we are troubled with heat not principally proceeding from the warmth of the air for every part of the body is warmer than the summer-air but because there is not so much coldness in the summer-air as that the natural heat may be sufficiently concentrated Whence it comes to pass that being so diffus'd it cannot insensibly evacuate that perspirable matter which is of its own nature hot which matter being kept in becomes sharp and is the cause of our being troubled with much heat XXVIII When mens bodies in the hottest seasons upon sleeping in the night or day time perspire abundantly or sweat they become lighter and are not that day troubled with any heat XXIX If a cold Air immediately succeed the Summer-heat there will be occasion'd for the most part that day the retention of about a pound of the insensible excrements XXX If the Summer prove like the Spring so as that mens bodies may be reduc'd to the weight answerable to the Summer it must be the effect of Sweating XXXI At the beginning of Summer if intense heat come of a sudden weariness and faintness ensue which do not continue long though the sultriness be encreas'd for some daies after because the weight of the perspirable body is abated XXXII The same vigour is not so much concern'd in strugling with a lesser as it is with a greater weight of the body XXXIII Perspiration procur'd by the force of warm air or water is hurtful unless the malignancy of it be not ballanc'd by some greater benefit XXXIV Robust bodies perspire more in the Summer time by day in the Winter by night XXXV That impediment of respiration which in the Summer-time is apt to be introductory to a malignant Feaver does hardly in the winter-time cause the least alternation for in the summer mens bodies are fill'd with a perspirable matter of a sharper nature than they are in winter XXXVI To sleep in the Summer-time with the body uncover'd or abroad in the open Air does for the most part dispose it to putrefaction by hindring the perspiration XXXVII The difficulty of respiration does not heat the entrails unless the perspirable matter become sharp by reason of its retention or upon the account of external heat or violent motion XXXVIII In the Summer-time when cold does of a sudden succeed heat the inconvenience of excessive Venery is hardly perceiv'd but if the Air reassume its former warmth men are very sensible of the injury they have receiv'd by the precedent miscarriage XXXIX The injury men receive by the not-immoderate exercise of Venery is commonly ballanc'd by an equal benefit if the heat be concentrated by the cool Air. XL. In the Summer-nights mens bodies are most dispos'd to Feavers by reason of the vicissitude of the Air for at the beginning of the night the Air is enflam'd but about midnight it is more temperate and in the morning cool whence it comes to pass that the usual perspirable matter is not evacuated in such as sleep with the Bed-cloaths off and their bodies are more ponderous which happens not in winter XLI From the Autumnal Equinox to the Winter Solstice we perspire every day much about a pound from thence to the Spring-Equinox we begin to perspire more freely XLII Autumn is an unhealthy season as well by reason that the perspiration is obstructed by the cold then coming in as for that what is not perspir'd becomes sharp and corroding XLIII Autumnal indispositions are avoided if the body be not of greater weight in Autumn than it had been in Summer XLIV That weight which is augmented by degrees is to be abated by degrees XLV The more than usual weight of the body is not to be taken off in the Spring but in Autumn for the cold air then coming in is a greater enemy to the weight XLVI Thou wilt not be troubled with any disease in Autumn if the cold weather then coming in find thee well furnish'd with cloaths if thou use diureticks and wilt be kept in the same weight as before XLVII He who is well cloath'd perspires the better for it and is rendered of less weight XLVIII They who in the Winter-time are commonly troubled with diseases proceeding from the abundance of humours are to be purg'd in Autumn and not in the Spring and ought to be reduc'd to the weight they were of at the beginning of Summer XLIX But if the diseases proceed from some malignant quality the bodies are to be purg'd in the Spring and not in Autumn for the malignancy of the quality is more augmented in Summer than in Winter L. They who at the beginning of the Spring devest themselves too soon and in Autumn are backward in putting on their winter-garments are in Summer apt to fall into Feavers and in Winter to be troubled with distillations LI. The retention of the perspirable matter as it has a sharp quality causes Feavers and Erysipelas's as to its redundancy it causes Apostems Distillations or an evil habit of the body LII External cold by concentrating the heat makes nature so much the stronger by how much it is the more able to bear about two pounds of perspirable matter unevacuated over and above its ordinary weight LIII At the beginning of winter mens bodies are easily reduc'd to their usual weight but in the beginning of Summer it is with much ado that they are reduc'd to the Summer-weight LIV. There would be an uninterrupted healthfulness even to the extremity of age if mens bodies were kept in an equal weight during the four seasons of the year LV. Those bodies whose weights are much augmented and diminished in the space of a year are in great danger LVI The greater variety there is of the weight of any body in the space of a year and the greater the augmentation or diminution of the blood is so much the worse is the condition of that body LVII The augmentation of the weight happens at the beginning of Autumn the diminution at the beginning of Summer LVIII Those bodies whose weight is augmented are in a more dangerous condition than those whose weight is diminish'd APHORISMS Added by the Author LIX THose parts of the body which are cover'd do healthfully perspite but if they be found uncover'd after sleep their pores are condensated by even the warmest air LX. That air which is over cool moist or windy obstructs perspiration whence it
happens that such as keep within doors as for example Women are not troubled with Coâ—â—hs Catarrhes or inflammations of the lungs LXI The City air is worse than that of the Country because it is more thick and not rarifi'd by the wind takes away the appetite OF MEAT and DRINK SECT III. Aphorism I. IF the Stomach fill'd with meat does while the body sleeps compleat the first concoction the perspiration of that night does commonly amount to forty ounces if it does not compleat it it comes to but about eighteen II. If the Stomach be quite empty and fasting though the party sleep he does not perspire above eighteen ounces III. A full body that does not concoct perspires much about the same rate as one in a manner fasting that has not any thing to concoct IV. Meats that are very nourishing mutton only excepted from supper over night to dinner the next day do not usually perspire above eighteen ounces V. Many who feed plentifully on meats of little nourishment may in the space of one night perspire above forty ounces VI. Those aliments which continue bodies in their usual weight are either those of very much nourishment or such as cause obstinate crudities VII Those which continue them in their usual lightness are such as they are accustomed to and easily evaporated VIII Mutton is easily concocted and vaporous for in a night's space it perspires one third part of a pound more than other meats and such as a man is accustomed to IX The meats which are made of leavened paste do not make bodies more ponderous for they perspire more easily than turneps X. A healthy person does insensibly exhale as much in the space of one day as he does by stool in a fortnight nay though he once every day evacuate the concocted and consistent faeces XI The full Stomach and the empty diminish the perspiration the full stomach diverts it by the corruption of meats the empty attracts it that it may be fill'd XII When the full Stomach does not compleat the concoction is discover'd by the weight for then the body perspires less but the empty stomach is fill'd with wind XIII Windiness is nothing else but an imperfect kind of perspirable matter XIV The robust person consumes his plentiful feeding by insensible perspiration one less robust by urine a weak person for the most part by the corruption of the chyle XV. When a man forbears supping the stomach being empty and no paroxysm pressing upon a man there is a retention of the perspirable matter and that being retain'd becomes sharp and thereupon the body is prepar'd for hot distempers XVI That abstinence from meat which reduces mens bodies to a lesser weight but withal such as is unusual to them is hurtful XVII Why are there some that die of Hunger if there be never any defect of blood in the living creature Because the blood making to the empty part of the belly forsakes the heart XVIII Undigested meat not only as to its quantity but also as to its quality makes the body more ponderous inasmuch as it hinders Perspiration XIX When any one seems to himself lighter than he is and yet is not so 't is a very good sign for this proceeds from the Juices of the three Concoctions exactly digested XX. When there is a lightness and agility of the body felt for a whole day together it argues there preceeded a concoction of the chyle and blood and that the Dregs as it were of the third concoction are almost evacuated XXI Undigested meat the more full of nourishment it is is so much the worse either because it causes a greater weight or a worse corruption XXII The body is rendred most light by the corruption of meat for all the liquid excrements are of great weight XXIII The use of Swines-flesh and Mushrooms is hurtful as well because these do not perspire as because they suffer not other meats eaten with them to perspire XXIV Upon the eating of Swines-flesh and Mushrooms the body commonly perspires less than it is wont by a third part of a pound XXV Melons perspire so little that they abate about a fourth part of the usual perspiration XXVI That retention of the perspiration caused by Melons is evacuated by Urine or Sweating XXVII Grapes and green Figs perspire but little and somewhat hinder the perspiration of other meats haply because they are sensibly evacuated XXVIII That kind of food does perspire best of all and conveniently nourishes whose weight is not felt in the belly XXIX Plentiful feeding is more hurtful in a sedentary and idle person than in one that is employ'd for the entrails are made heavy by rest but are eas'd of their weight by exercise XXX The body perspires best after that meat whose faeces are emitted in a certain consistency XXXI Chickens-flesh shall be of less nourishment than a Lettice if a man eat so plentifully thereof as that it cannot be evacuated otherwise than by the way of liquid faeces XXXII By ponderation you will find out when fasting conduces to your Health and when it does not it will be healthful if there be any thing of the precedent day's refection left to be perspir'd if there be not it will be unhealthful XXXIII When the body is reduc'd by diet to a weight below the lesser standard of its healthy weight what it loses of its strength is irrecoverable But that there is a lesser and greater weight in reference to Health you will find by the LXIV Aphorism of the first Section and by the XL. of this third XXXIV If thou canst but find out every day what quantity of meat is convenient for thee thou wilt know how to preserve thy vigour and life a long time and that thou wilt discover by the same Aphorism XXXV The strength of nature is not a little impair'd when a man's supper amounts sometimes to four pound sometimes to six XXXVI That is the most healthful proportion of meat when after eating the body performs whatever it has to do with the same agility as if it were fasting XXXVII The body also is much more burthen'd by eight pounds of meat eaten in a day at one meal than by ten pounds taken in the same space of time at three several meals XXXVIII That quantity of meat is the most wholsom for every man which may without any trouble be overcome by the concoctive faculty and that is done if so much be consum'd as is receiv'd into the body for these things will be discover'd by ponderation XXXIX That quantity of meat is to be receiv'd into the body which nature is able to concoct digest and perspire XL. If nature could digest a hundred pound weight of meat and there be given but ninety nine pounds the animal would upon that account be destroy'd in process of time XLI Then will meats of good nutriment and juice promise thee a long continuance of health when the quantity of perspiration is in the mean
month's end as it happens to Women but after a crisis made by a more plentiful or more muddy emission of Urne LXVI Before the said menstrual crisis made soon after sleep either there is felt a drowsiness of the head or weariness of the body and afterwards by a more plentiful Evacuation of Urine all things are quieted LXVII The external causes which ordinarily obstruct perspiration are a cold troubled and moist air swimming in cold water gross and viscous meats the intermission of Corporeal exercise or that of the mind and in robust persons over much abstinence from venery LXVIII External cold obstructs Perspiration in a weak body because its heat is dissipated but in a robust person it augments it for the heat is forc'd to the bottom and reduplicated and thereupon nature is corroborated and upon that the weight of the perspirable matter that is retain'd being by her consum'd the body becomes and is felt lighter LXIX The health of that body is more firm and of longer continuance whose weight in the process of many years is neither augmented nor diminish'd than that of a body whose weight is alter'd every year LXX For a body to be reduc'd to its usual ponderosity by the accession of crude humours is ill but if it be by the addition of such as are concocted it is most wholsome LXXI It is an ill sign when a healthy person becomes of less weight than usual it being suppos'd his course of life be the same as before for there is not any refusion of that wholsome matter which had been lost LXXII The concocted excrements of the belly are of great bulk but little weight they swim on the surface by reason of the air contain'd in them and whatever may be evacuated at one and the same time never exceeds the third part of a pound LXXIII If it happen that in one dayes space through some miscarriage or other there be so great a retention of perspiration as may amount to a pound nature is commonly three days employ'd in the insensible expurgation of that which had been retain'd LXXIV Then does nature make a great insensible evacuation when she endeavours to voyd perspirable matter retain'd by yawnings and extensions of the joynts LXXV The perspirable matter consists of two parts to wit a light and a ponderous LXXVI The ponderous part is so exuberant that living creatures are generated of it as Punaizes lice and the like LXXVII From the more ponderous part of perspiration do proceed the contagious Infections of such as lye together for the light part vanishes but the more ponderous being adhesive does infect LXXVIII They who in the scorching Heats of Summer are obstructed in the exhalation of the perspirable matter are incommodated by Heat but to those who have an absolute freedom of respiration the Heat is not troublesome LXXIX A greater weight differs from a lesser equal healthful because the greater does the more accelerate old Age. Be it suppos'd that some person hath his Health as well when he weighs two hundred weight as at two hundred and five pound we have observ'd that the excess of those five pounds did more accelerate old Age. LXXX Why does Animated Flesh live and not putrify as a carcase does Because it is daily renew'd Why are Children in a capacity of living longer than old men Because they may be more often renew'd since they begin from the lowest weight of the whole latitude and so proceed to the highest for they are capable of most of the Healthful weights Why is there a necessity that old men should die Because they are capable only of the last proportions of weight But why only of those because their fibres are hard and as such cannot be any more renew'd whence death ensues LXXXI Why are they cur'd are who surpriz'd by some dangerous Disease because they are capable of several sorts of Healthy weights for such Diseases take away thirty pounds from mens bodies more or less as the bodies are more or less repleat and as the Disease is more or less hot and according to its continuance APHORISMS Added by the Author LXXXII Old men prolong their lives by frequent Spittings for these being retain'd within the body as being uncapable of coction or digestion hinder perspiration the consequences whereof are suffocation and death LXXXIII Old Age is indeed a Disease but may last a long time if the body be made easily perspirable LXXXIV Venery actual frigidity of the body over-plentiful drinking supping as young men do to be angry more than needs and much exercise all these shorten the lives of old men LXXXV Old men reach not decrepit Age by reason of the weakness of their expulsive faculties Thence it comes to pass that when they drink more than it was requisite they should they urine less and perspire less than they are wont The remedy is that the substraction be equivalent to the addition LXXXVI Insensible perspiration being quite obstructed does not only deprive the chiefest parts of life but also one ignoble part It deprives the chiefest when there is an Apoplexy in the Brain palpitation in the Heart an excess of Blood in the Liver and a suffocation in the Matrix it deprives the ignoble part by Gangrene LXXXVII That Women are troubled with the suffocation does not proceed from the Womb 's compressing the midriff but from the frigidity of the corrupted seed which does not want perspiration LXXXVIII The humours of persons troubled with the Gout though they are most gross are dissolved only by way of vapour LXXXIX Vomiting diverts Urine and perspiration XC The frequent turning of the body in bed since the doing of it requires the assistance of all the muscles does weaken and obstruct concoction and perspiration The remedy is for one to be obstinately resolv d to lye in one and the same posture XCI While the knees are kept actually warm the feet are not chil'd such persons sleep well they perspire more and urine less XCII Looseness of the belly is taken away by those things which augment perspiration of which kind Bathing is one XCIII As the Loadstone is better preserv'd where there is much iron and wine better kept in a great vessel than a litle one So such bodies as are more ponderous yet healthy withal do better preserve strength than such as abate in their weight through want of aliment XCIV They who urine more than they drink do perspire little or nothing at all XCV Why is there an obstruction of insensible perspiration in intermittent Feavers because the peccant humour is in the circumference of the body XCVI In the Dropsy the water in the lower part of the belly is not dissolved because its drought and hardness hinder perspiration XCVII Hot humours being got together into any part are to be entertain'd with hot digestives in order to their dissolution by insensible perspiration XCVIII Why is fainting or swouning beneficial in high Feavers because it causes sweating and a
strong perspiration XCIX If the pricking of a nerve be clos'd up with Milk Meal or any such thing the retain'd ichor becomes so sharp and corroding that the Patients die of Convulsions if the wound be not opened with Oyl C. Perspiration is beneficial in tumours if it be procur'd by things actually and potentially moist otherwise they turn to a scirrhus by dissolving the tenuious humour and leaving the gross CI. If any part of the body be full of blood or some other humour as it is observ'd in tumours and in the pleurisy it self it is not to be refrigerated because the matter being evacuated it is refrigerated of it self CII Hypochondriacal persons are recover'd of their Distemper if their bodies be made perspirable by frequent Bathings and be kept to moist diet CIII Insensible perspiration procur'd by fomentations in an unpurged body attracts more humours than it dissolves as appear'd in Simon 's case CIV Those bodies which insensibly perspire much are neither purg'd nor blooded as it is manifest in Children CV How come Lice to be generated Because the perspiration of the malignant ichor or thin matter is obstructed CVI. A Gangrene is prevented by those things that promote perspiration by those that promote suppuration it becomes a sphacelus that is when any part is mortify'd by inflammation CVII Why does the part affected with a Gangrene die Because the little arteries by reason of the redundancy of blood are not rais'd up 'T is remedied by sensible and insensible perspiration CVIII The most clammy humours in robust bodies make their way out through the narrowest passages as it is manifest by the Fatness voided by Urine as also by a mixture of Water and Hony injected into a wounded breast and consequently they must make their way through the insensible passages CIX By difflation as well the beneficial as the superfluous matter is evacuated but if after sleep strength and vigour be acquir'd the superfluous matter only is for the most part evacuated CX That difflation which is not sensibly perceiv'd is natural and is an argument of strength but sweating argues the contrary CXI If in the winter time any part of the body be very cold the whole does so far sympathize with it that the concoction and perspiration of the whole is thereby lessen'd CXII Swimming is more safe towards the evening in the morning the pores are stopped by the coldness of the water whence there is some danger of a Feaver CXIII If in the Summer time the body ly uncover'd the perspiration is obstructed whereupon ensue a drowsiness and heaviness of the Head and a bruised unweildiness of the body CXIV If the weight of the body be augmented in the space of five or six daies it is not to be taken off of a sudden but by degrees for abstinence from food if it be extraordinary hurts the Stomach the Brain and the Heart and after a while the whole body CXV In Autumn the weight of the body is augmented which if it exceed the standard of the Healthy latitude Tertians and other putrid Feavers are apt to be the consequences thereof CXVI Things that are extream cold in a violent Feaver if they be not heated prove mortal by reason of the difficulty of transpiration CXVII Nothing is more hurtful to malignant Ulcers than those things that hinder perspiration as fatness oyl wax CXVIII Of all the intermittent Feavers the Quotidian only is not without danger for Flegm is one of the chiefest things that obstruct perspiration CXIX If the perspiration be stop'd in the neck the sense of the pericranium is stupify'd as may be observ'd in persons walking in the wind and rain CXX Nothing is more apt to take away putrefaction than for one to use much Ventilation not only that which is procur'd by what is drawn in but also by what is evacuated through the insensible passages CXXI Refrigerations in acute diseases are symptoms of death as in Hermocrates for they take away perspiration CXXII After bathing the pores of the skin arâ— condens'd with oyl to the end that the alimental moisture being â—ttracted may not be dissolved In dangerous cases therefore use oyl to close and not to open the pores CXXIII And yet that course of diet which we least regard brings us to an old age great as that of Philip. CXXIV The Diaphragma or Midriff by contracting it self to its principle dilates the breast by that dilatation is inspiration wrought And by dilating it self it contracts the breast and by that contraction expiration is wrought CXXV But the Spincter or the Muscle that shuts the bladder by contracting it self to its principle closes the bladder and keeps in the Urine by spreading it self it dilates the bladder and emits the urine Of the Pestilence CXXVI THings infected with the plague communicate the infection as long as the next and remote causes remain but any one of those failing the poison ceases like the motion of a clock when upon the breaking of a Tooth in any one Wheel it is at a stand CXXVII We are not infected with the Plague by contact but by drawing in the pestiferous Air or the vapours arising from infected goods It happens thus the vital spirit is infected by the Air by such infection of the spirit the blood is congeal'd which last being fore'd outwards raises carbuncles black spots and Buboes if it remain within it causes death if it be quite expell'd we are past all danger CXXVIII If the whole infection be fore'd out into Carbuncles and Buboes 't is a good sign if not 't is mortal CXXIX We are not of our selves infected with the Plague but it is brought to us by others This is manifest by the experiment of such as are shut up in Nunneries CXXX Not all but much about the third part of mankind dies of the Pestilence That it is so may be seen by the experiment of those whose office it is to view the dead CXXXI They who conceive the blackness of the spots to be a sign of adustion are mistaken for many times aged men being internally and externally cold without any feaver depart this life in two days time with the same blackness but proceeding from a Thrombus or clots of blood CXXXII If a small quantity of blood by reason of the vital spirit 's being infected becomes a clot of blood and this last be wholly thrust out by buboes and carbuncles they are cur'd if it be not wholly forc'd out they die as in the black spots CXXXIII Consequent to this is it that they who have their ulcers and buboes open'd if the internal infection be wholly come out recover if not they die CXXXIV There are two ways to put a stop to the plague to wit that the sound be separated and that the infected may have place enough to air themselves There are two ways to do the latter to wit that they be not sent to places they abhor to come into and that their houshold stuff be not
't is no unseemly thing to weigh the excrements as the Trifler affirms IV. No Student in Physick besides the fool himself but knows that the vital faculty is diffus'd into the Arteries and the animal into the nerves by raies and not by spirits as he imagines V. The fool thinks that lightness as to the ballance in living bodies proceeds from the plenty of spirits it seems he never knew that dead bodies are lighter than the living and that living bodies after coition weigh less VI. He belies the Author affirming that the faculty of moving bodies upwards is no other than the spirits themselves whereas the Author affirms that the spirits are inanimate and that they gravitate more than air VII He is out again when he affirms that mens bodies are colder in the night time therefore they perspire little or nothing Nor did he ever observe that the pulse and nocturnal perspiration are signs of a more hot body VIII The fool thinks that living bodies are lighter than the dead never having taken notice that Butchers Fish-mongers and such as deal in Swine when they sell the living make a deduction of ten pounds in the hundred weight IX The extravagant man never thinks of the difference there is between ones being light if weigh'd in the ballance and the same person's feeling himself lighter A man may be sensible of his being very ponderous and yet be lighter in the ballance X. We know the weight of the body by measure not by imagination as our inconsiderate fool does who imagines that flegm is more ponderous than blood yet never observ'd that the former does swim on the top and that by reason of flegm the body is not really but is felt of greater weight But why because it obstructs perspiration XI He charges the Author with a falsity in making him affirm that insensible perspiration is a difflation of the flesh when he affirms no such thing In the winter-time there are about sixty ounces perspir'd in the space of one day with ease if that perspiration were of flesh a man's body would be destroy'd XII Galen made no mention of Statick Medicine therefore 't is a vain science He is doubly mistaken first because he never read his six Books De Tuenda c. Secondly it does not follow Galen said nothing of it therefore it is vain we have found out many instruments and those not contemptible which were not known before our times XIII The famous Author of the Commentary on the XII of the first Section of Aphorisms affirms that the meat is proportionated to the difflation and Com. XV. that there is a greater difflation in the winter-time therefore it is requisite there should be more meat eaten it is therefore requisite the weight should be known all which the trifling Staticomastix denies XIV The fool making no experiments himself denies those things that others have found true by experience He boldly adds this assertion If thirty six ounces be perspir'd in the space of one night there will be thirty two of flesh and four of excrements XV. The trifling Answerer puts the lie on all Authors affirming that the spirits are more tenuious than the Air. Are they not made of the blood and Air Does not the Air pass through the whole body but the spirits remain inclos'd in Vessels XVI He affirms that a plentiful perspiration does not take away from the body one ounce of its weight There 's no temerity deserves greater punishment than such a man's as makes no account of experience yet opposes experience We have found it certainly true that in the space of a night the body weighs less by three pound and that after coition mens bodies are lighter as to the Ballance Therefore the fool is chargeble with a lie XVII He affirms that after an immoderate purgation of the termes bodies are more ponderous after an extraordinary retention of them more light A fatal errour to the inconsiderate man who does not distinguish between being heavy in reference to the Ballance and one's feeling himself heavy What literal faults there may be the intelligent Reader will easily find and Correct FINIS
of the superiour parts XI If any one after sleep feels a kind of pain in his armes or imagines them more than usually wearied it is an argument that the body is of greater weight than nature can long endure XII They who sleep with their feet and legs uncover'd are depriv'd of as much perspiration as may amount to a pound in the space of one night XIII A continual agitation of the body in bed is more disturbant than swift running for in the motion of a person running the muscles only of the inferiour parts are mov'd in that of a person lying along the muscles of the whole body in a manner are in motion XIV Perspiration is more obstructed in persons sleeping by a cool southerly gale of wind than it is in persons awake by a great cold XV. If the night's rest be less than usual there is a diminution in the exhalation of the concocted perspirable matter but the perspiration of crudities is augmented XVI After meats of easy perspiration mens bodies are rendred rather weak than weighty but after those of difficult perspiration they become both weak and weighty XVII The perspiration occasion'd by sleep differs in species from that which comes by vigilance the former implies the evacuation of concocted perspirables without acrimony and with a recruiting of the strength the latter that of crudities and is sharp violent and with some difficulty XVIII A person sleeping perspires twice as much as one waking Thence came that remarkable saying Two hours of rest in a person awake are but equivasent to one of sleep XIX I have found by experience that in the space of seven hours the insensible perspiration in a person sleeping as to many amounted to about forty ounces in one awake but to twenty XX. He who goes to bed with an empty Stomach perspires that night about a third part less than he is wont to do XXI Persons of a cholerick constitution who go to bed with a stomach quite empty have these inconveniencies the belly and head are fill'd with crudities their temples beat their flesh wastes away they are troubled with vehement stretchings about the armes and hands sometimes a heart-burning or corrosion of the mouth of the Stomach vertigo's and epilepsies as it happen'd to Diodorus XXII After a perspiration greater than we are wont to have a more plentiful supper promises a longer and founder sleep XXIII A less than the usual perspiration is the foreteller of disturbed sleep and a troublesom night XXIV If after a short and unquiet sleep the flesh be found cold and that thereupon a feverish fit succeeds in weak persons it commonly presignifies death in strong a long continuance of sickness XXV By change of lodging sleep is disturbed and the perspiration is less For unwonted things though better are prejudicial to body and mind XXVI Men dream more in a bed they are not accustom'd to than in that they constantly ly in XXVII They who sleep and do not dream perspire well and so on the contrary XXVIII Sleep about four hours after meat is best for then nature is least employ'd about the first concoction it better recruits what was lost and more promotes perspiration XXIX If about five hours after supper you weigh a person just awak'd out of his sleep you will find that he hardly perspir'd a pound if it be done eight hours after sleep you will find that he has perspir'd three pound XXX If a mans sleep be shorter than it is wont to be there is somewhat of the perspiration obstructed which if it be not repair'd in the subsequent daies by a more plentiful perspiration there is some danger of a Feaver XXXI If there be a retention of any part of the usual perspiration the next day or after dinner we are overcome with sleep and in an hours space perspire about a pound or the night following lowing our sleep is so much the longer the more expedient it was that we should perspire more than usually otherwise we fall into a sensible crisis or into a disease XXXII Oscitation and the stretching of the joints after sleep denote that the body has perspir'd very well as it is related of Cocks smiting themselves with their wings before they crow XXXIII The oscitations and extensions of the joints and limbs which happen immediately after sleep are rais'd out of the plenty of perspirables excellently well prepar'd for evacuation XXXIV Mens bodies perspire more in half an hours space by yawning gaping and stretching out of the body than in three hours of any other time XXXV They who administer syrups or other medicines to sick persons during the time of their best perspiration which is commonly for the space of two hours after sleep injure them but in the subsequent hours they do them good XXXVI In Paroxysmes or any great fits of sickness gaping and stretching of the body signify the concentration of the heat but the evacuation of a great quantity of acrimonious perspible matter that had been retain'd XXXVII In an hours sleep at noon after meat mens bodies commonly evacuate sometimes a pound sometimes half a pound of excrements insensibly perspirable a pound if there be ought retain'd of the precedent day's perspiration half a pound if nothing XXXVIII If ought of the precedent day's Perspiration be retain'd and that it be not evacuated by sleeping at noon immediately after Sleep there is felt a great heaviness of the head and a very afflictive pain XXXIX If within four hours after sleep the meat a man has eaten be corrupted immediately these two inconveniences mutually consequent one to the other will follow to wit an obstruction of Perspiration and Watching XL. There is no cause does more frequently interrupt sleep than the corruption of a man's meat This is caus'd by the Sympathy there is between the Stomach and the Brain XLI Sleep is better in Winter than in Summer not because men's bellies are hotter or their sleep longer but because before day-light their bodieis are actually hotter and as such are apt to perspire very much whereas in Summer they are more cold XLII Purity of discourse and agility of body after sleep are indications that the body has perspir'd that night commonly at least three pound XLIII Lightness of the head after sleep at noon denotes that there had not been any thing retain'd of the precedent day's Perspiration XLIV Sleep moistens all the external and internal parts because it attenuates the perspirable matter and being so attenuated it disperses it into all the members XLV Vigilance stirs from the centre to the circumference that blood which is less prepar'd for Perspiration than it is in such as are asleep XLVI By Sleep the humours are concentrated the influent heat is united to the innate thirst is taken away unless Choler be predominant there is a conversion made of the blood into the second moistures and the bodies become lighter XLVII By Sleep the animal spirits languish by Vigilance the vital
and natural spirits languish XLVIII By Vigilance the animal spirits are corroborated but the vital and natural languish XLIX By Sleep the internal parts are more heated and are also made more light By Vigilance the external parts are made more hot and also more light L. By too much sleep the internal and external parts grow cold the humours are forcibly crowded in and made imperspirable and the bodies are rendred more ponderous LI. Cholerick bodies are extreamly prejudiced by excessive sleeping not because the excrements of the third concoction are made imperspirable but because they become extream sharp and are afterwards noxious to the head and other entrails LII In persons sleeping with the bed cloaths cast off perspiration is more obstructed than it is in persons awake who have no cloaths on as well by reason of the quiet posture of such as are asleep as also for that the heat of the external parts retreats inward LIII A more than usual watching â—enders men's bodies during the first subsequent days after it more ponderous and more weak They are more ponderous because after the evacuation of the perspirable excrements there is left behind a certain juice which of it self is crude and by accident ponderous they are weaker because where there is any crudity there is no conversion made and consequently the strength is impair'd LIV. If after immoderate watching a man sleep seven hours the Perspiration will be more than usual by about a pound LV. Continued watching renders mens bodies more ponderous not by reason of the greater Perspiration or sensible evacuation but because the recruit of fat and flesh is not answerable to what had been wasted LVI In the morning the body both is and is felt less ponderous it is so because by the precedent sleep three pound of perspirable excrements were evacuated it is so felt not only because it is lighter but also in regard that by the concoction of the meats that were easily perspirable there is an augmentation of strength LVII A man's body may become more ponderous by unusual watching if the meat wherewith it is fed be unfit for perspiration LVIII There is so plentiful an exhalation of the body in persons steeping that not only the sick lying with the sound but also the sound among themselves do mutually communicate their good or evil dispositions APHORISMS Added by the Author LIX AFter meat sleep after sleep concoction after concoction transpiration is best LX. Diacydonium or Marmalet not taken immediately after supper but after the first sleep excites sleep provided there be nothing drunk after it LXI Diacydonium or Marmalet taken with a little Cinnamon strengtheneth the stomach and that being strengthened sleep alwaies follows LXII A small quantity of Generous Wine and Garlick cause sleep and perspiration but if a man take more than is requisite they obstruct both however they convert the perspirable matter into sweating LXIII That man will doubtless come to a great age who does daily concoct and digest well concoction is caus'd by sleep and rest digestion by vigilance and exercise LXIV If the weariness ensuing after sleep be taken off by usual exercise the defect was in the digestion and not in the concoction LXV When we rise from sleep with our usual weight but with greater unweildiness if it be not taken off by our accustomed exercise it signisies an accumulation of crudities corruption of meat or immoderate coition LXVI Unusual sleeping at noon is hurtful to all the entrails and checks perspiration LXVII Weariness or unweildiness after sleep is taken off by those things which facilitate perspiration These are abstinence exercise vigilance and anger LXVIII If the body lie loose and flat sleep is hurtful if it be contracted it is good the entrails lying close and compacted together havean easy concoction but when they are loose by one's lying at length they have a difficult concoction LXIX If in sound persons a cold sweat ensue after sleep it argues they perspire less than they should do and in process of time if the same thing happens they are troubled with the Gout LXX By immoderate sleep and excessive drinking of Wine the strength is suffocated by excessive vigilance and exercise it is dissolved all these dimimishconcoction and that diminish'd there is a stoppage of requisite perspiration OF EXERCISE AND REST. SECT V. Aphorism I. THE occult perspiration of a mans body is less in violent motion than it is in the morning nine or ten hours from the time he had supp'd II. That which is evacuated in violent motion by the pores is sweat and an occult perspirable matter but as it is violent it is rais'd for the most part out of unconcocted juices for it seldom happens that there should be so great a collection of concocted perspirable matter in the body as is evacuated by violence III. Sweating alwaies proceeds from a violent cause and as such as statical experiments make it appear it obstructs the occult evacuation of concocted perspirable matter IV. The body perspires much more lying quietly in bed than turning from one side to another by frequent agitation V. Chearful and angry persons are less wearied by long travelling than the fearful and pensive for the former perspire more healthfully but the other less VI. Those bodies which are admitted to refection after immoderate exercise receive much prejudice because as they are wearied and burthen'd with meat they perspire less VII Exercise from the seventh hour to the twelfth after refection does insensibly dissolve more in the space of one hour than it does in three hours at any other time VIII Insensible evacuation after violent exercise obstructs the successive recruiting of that which is wasted nay if the same violence should continue the body will be rendred so light that in many there would be some danger of a future consumption IX By exercise mens bodies are made lighter for all the parts especially the muscles and ligaments are cleans'd from excrements by motion the perspirable matter is prepar'd for exhalation and the spirits are made more tenuious or subtil X. Motion prepares bodies for the evacuation of sensible and insensible excrements rest does it rather for that of the insensible only XI If the body lye quietly in the bed after supper for the space of ten hours it shall perspire excellently well if it rest there yet somewhat longer there follows immediately a diminution of both sensible and insensible evacuation XII Long rest renders indispos'd bodies more weighty as well in regard the perspirable excrements are prepar'd for evacuation by motion as also for that the meat and drink if such as the patient is not accustom'd to or more in quantity than is requisite are not digested and thence proceed all inconveniences and many times death XIII If a person who has kept his bed long be troubled with pain in the feet the remedy is walking if one that is upon a journey be so troubled the remedy is rest XIV There