or little because nature as yet hath made no concoction or separation and in the state of the disease commonly contents are very few But in declination nature recovering her selfe and prevailing against the disease the contents cloud swimme and sediment also returne except in cholericke diseases where the cloud is sufficient Cappivac 67. 67. Also in deficient agues beginning the contents want as in a tertian in thicke substance and yellow colour but if ash colour death followeth In a quartane the urine is thin and white In a quotidian thin white and waterish 4. Conversion of the humor another way as in impostumes in cold weather weake bodies and injudicable state of the disease In inflamations which draw the contents and humors to them In parts weake or grieved whether humors fall as before in thin urine Looke there cap. 2 pag. 13. 14. 5. Obstruction in white and thin urines with signes of concoction or without crudity See cap. 2. pag. 13. 14. Lesse to be dispraised if the colour and substance bee good according to which the humor abounding strength of nature and quantity of the disease are to be judged as before in substance and colour Actua 94. But diseases of choler are ended if the cloud onely appeare But in flegmatike and of repletion the sediment present must argue their dissolution Capiv 67. 164. Contents appearing in the urine are of two sorts for they are either partly naturall partly unnaturall sometimes good and sometimes ill Or else they be altogether unnaturall and alwayes ill In contents which are partly naturall partly unnaturall we consider as in the whole urine before colour substance and quantity Colour of the Contents White duely knit or hanging together equally signifieth good concoction in the liver and veines health rule of all other Not equally knit but thicker in one part then in another signifieth weak digestion crudity windinesse White not duely knitte or hanging together but ragged tattered and broken asunder equally crudity windinesse Not equally but thinner in one place then in another signifieth the falling evill windinesse grosse humors abounding in the body measils or small pockes where the colour waxeth red White as snow signifieth flegmaticke humors and crudities Pale flaxen blood turned into choler and evacuated Light saffron saffron red claret signifie crudities also blood thin and waterish yet wherein concoction is to bee looked for shortly Also choler abounding in sicke persons Reusn. 178. Continuance in tertian and quotidian agues especially bastard A good signe in agues which rise of abundance either of blood or ill humors in which the sediment is necessary before recovery can be looked for But in agues caused through heate of the Sun much labour or hunger the swimme or cloud is sufficient to signifie recovery of health although the sediment doth not appeare For reddish looke substance following Blood like to the washing of raw flesh signifieth abundance of blood Or else flux of blood issuing out as out of some veine broken But yet we must not be hasty in judgement by this colour but rather looke after under the title of pure blood voided Reusn. 181. Also it signifieth imbecility or obstruction of the liver which cannot concoct the blood and so it runneth to the bladder Blew leadish signifieth naturall heate extinguished or mortified and therefore great danger Greene blackish signifieth great exceeding heate or consumption and pining away Blacke signifieth either great cold if leadish colour went before and then the outward parts are cold Salvian 128. or great heate if greene colour went before and then heate thirst and other tokens of heate accompany it Both these are mortall as you may see in thicke substance and blacke colour Or else blacke contents signifie melancholike diseases or melancholy critically evacuated where it is a good sign of health because the humor is voided If signifieth also consumption of the reins with an ague the sediment oyly and fatty Reusn. 188. Lastly it signifieth beating bruising stripes and so come corrupt blacke and rotten blood is voided Substance of the contents is either mean thick or thin Substance meane is a good signe of health because it is according to nature Thicke contents generally signifie grosse and raw humors much abounding or imbecility of the second concoction And in diseases beginning and increasing an ill signe because they signifie abundance and trouble of humors before naturall heate hath concocted and attenuated them But in diseases declining a good signe if the colour and other signes be good nature being now of strength to make separation and expulsion of humors Thicke contents and of colour claret signifie abundance of blood or good and strong operation in digestion Reusner 203. but contents of colour blacke signifie great store of blood and the more blacke the greater adestion of blood Reusner 204. Thin contents which doe not easily arise nor trouble the urine when the urinall is shaken and moved Reusner 186. signifie raw humors or want of heate in the second concoction in whole men But in diseases rising of cold or ill juice thin substance sheweth great danger Because naturall heate is choaked and oppressed that it cannot expell the humour offending Contrariwise in sharp diseases or in diseases which rise of simple and bare distemperature without mixture of humors They are not very ill seeing humors are not the cause of the disease which voiding with the urine should make the contents thicke If the sediment lightly arise the urinall being shaken it argueth more heate Vass 71. If they continue either thicke or thin they signifie weaknesse of nature which should change them Argent 71. Quantity of contents is either much little or meane Much signifieth 1. Lacke of sufficient heate to attenuate and concoct the grosser parts so in winter drunkards sleepers idle persons women and children contents are moe Reusn. 64. 2. Much nourishment good and strong digestion 3. Other evacuations suppressed as ordure sweat c. and especially in flegmatike bodies which are grieved with some disease which will end well Little or few contents 1. Want of matter as in hunger great heate summer lusty age great exercise quartane and quotidian agues beginning for want of heate Argent 72. but afterwards much Contrary in tertians 2. Obstructions and stoppings of the emulgent veines water conduits reines bladder c. Salvia 120. As in thin urine see there 3. Crudity and slow concoction 4. All causes which doe attenuate and make thinner any matters in the body that so the thinner part may evaporate out and the grosser stay within and make obstruction also all causes which do wast and consume the body Meane contents of good signification because they are according to nature CHAP. VIII Of contents in speciall OF deformed contents altogether unnaturall and alwayes ill which appeare either in the sediment or lowest region or in the swim or middle region or lastly in the cloud or upper
wormes thereof sodden in a brasen vessell with honey doth clense the scarres of the eyes and cleereth the dimnesse thereof the dregs of urine is good for Saint Anthonies evill if it be anointed thereon so that as as Galen doth wisely adde the sore being cooled first with some other thing and be not burning If it bee heated with oyle of privet and layd to the wombe of a woman it will asswage the griefe of the mother and cureth the rising of the same it clenseth the eye-lids and scarres of the same Dioscor lib. 2. cap. 17. Galen almost to the same purpose saith thus of urine mens urine is of a strong clensing vertue as any thing els and therewith doe fullers use to scoure and clense their cloath which abstersive faculty Physitians perceiving did use it to soke and wash manginesse and scabbednesse and running sores that are full of corruption and filth and especially if they have in them putrefied matter for such sores on the privy members it is good and for mattering eares and for scales and scurfe if the head be washed therewith I have healed with it many times sores on the tooes namely which came of bruises and were without inflammation and that in servants and husbandmen which had a journey to goe and no Physitian with them bidding them to wet a small clout with it and put it into the sores and then to binde a cloth about it and as often as they listed to make water to let it fall on their sore toes and not to take the cloath away till it were quite whole That medicine which is made of childes urine called chrysocolla or gold souder which Galen there teacheth to make is exceeding good for sores that are hard to heale for this medicine doe I use for the chiefest mixing therewith such other things as are good for such like sores Galen lib. 10. de simplie med. facult. cap. de urina Childes urine will heale the sting of a Bee Waspe and Hornet if the place be washed therewith It is good for travellers when they goe to bed to wash their thighes therewith that they may be able to continue their journey the next day and the rather if afterwards they anoint them with oyle and juice of rue Mans urine is also good against the gout which may appeare for that fullers are never troubled with the gout by reason that their feet are so often washed with it and some who have had good experience thereof with great successe doe highly commend it for this purpose Seeing then urine hath so many commodities and was in antient time in so great use as Dioscorides Galen Pliny Columella and all those that have written of cure of horses doe sufficiently testifie it came to passe that the Emperours of Rome got yearely revenues by urines as Suetonius reporteth of Vespasian who answered Titus reprehending him for seeking after gaines by such stinking wares in this proverbiall sentence Bonus est odor lucri ex requalibet Of diseases touching Vrine and the remedies thereof REcord in the latter end of his judiciall of urines setteth downe certain simple medicines for some diseases which hinder urine by whose example not altogether impertinent to this treatise I have likewise collected a briefe history of the said diseases with some medicines thereof And first of the stone The stone is engendred in mans body as a bricke which is first made of tough clay and put into an hot furnace where it waxeth hard so a stone is made of tough viscous and slimy flegme in the reines or bladder where through heate thereof it is parched and baked together into the hardnesse of a stone But that I may speake somewhat fullier thereof and yet briefly the materiall cause of the stone is as I said a tough slimy flegme and all causes which increase the same as all crudities and surfeits all meats grosse slimy and hard of digestion as milke new cheese all white meats made of milke all crusts of flower wherein meat is baked bread not well baked unleavened All flesh of great beasts especially old as beefe venison and all water-foule Great fishes especially those who abound in slimy moisture as eeles all shell-fish oysters cockles lopsters crevises All fruits which engender grosse humors peares apples gourds Roots which breed winde as parsneps turneps Also all new and thicke wine and drinke Likewise because heate of the reines doth bake and harden the said flegme and all causes which increase heate in the reines as too warme apparell whereby the backe and reines are kept too hot running leaping violent exercise also riding especially with his backe towards the Sunne standing against the fire with his backe and meats drinks and spices which increase heate Also when the vessels of urine the reines c. have too strait passages whereby that slimy flegme cannot have issue to be expelled but staieth within and thorough heate waxeth hard whereupon fat men through moistnesse and old men through drinesse having straight passages in the reines are more subject to the stone in the reines and lesse in the bladder contrariwise children though they are hot and abound with flegme thorough ill diet yet because their reines are wider and expulsive faculty strong whereby that flegmy matter is voyded are lesse troubled with the stone of the reines neither leane men for the selfe-same cause but both of them are rather troubled with stone of the bladder Hippor 3. Aphoris 26. Lastly an especiall cause of the stone are the parents from whom this grievous hereditary disease doth descend upon the childe and this of all other is hardest to be cure Now with like brevity to come to the cure seeing there be foure causes which help to breed the stone tough and slimy flegme heate to parch and drie it straitnesse of the passage and weaknesse of the expulsive faculty So many things as take away any of these helpe for the cure thereof as first a good diet brothes wherein borage fenell parsley endive or succory is sodden bread well baked and leavened hennes capons partridge mutton Of fish soles plaice trouts salmons Of herbs borage endive succorie sperage beetes And to come to the cure A vomit at the beginning and diverse times is of especiall use to draw the flegmy matter away from the reines and bladder then a suppositary to draw some superfluous excrements downewards and a clyster is to be preferred before a purgation because it draweth the excrements downewards from the reines whereas a purgation taken by the mouth doth alwaies draw some impurity downewards to the reines but yet the clister may not be too great in quantity lest it fill the guts and distend the reines and so increase the paine and stop the passage After that if the body be full of blood open the veine under the anckle and not in the arme as some would for all parts of the body grieved above the liver would be eased by opening a veine in the arme
and dry quality but being voided in substance thicke and blacke Aegid. 37. Gout with little moats in the sediment Diseases of the mother whereunto womens cold constitutions are subject Obstruction of some parts of the body in neere or about the passage of urine as the liver reines water conduits the urine made with paine and little in quantity Such obstruction ariseth of melancholy raw grosse and indigested descending to the conduits of urine as in a quartane with certaine rods or lines in it and the spleen distent with melancholy maketh the passages of urine straight Aegid. Flegme grosse and glassy descending to the water conduits as in women flowers stopped and regurgitating to the vessels of urine with skales or blacke dust in the sediment but sometimes blackish and a red purulent matter Choler mixt with grossy and clammy moisture whereby it cannot ishue out with the urine as in the jaundice sometimes Sand gravell as in the stone of the reines and bladder partly stopping the passages as also receiving nourishment and increased of tough viscous slime which otherwise would ishue with the urine and make it thicker Slimy matter as in the strangury Tumors impostumes growing either in the liver or betwixt the reines and the bladder or in places neere to the passages of urine whereby they are made straighter Colicke or Iliate the winde distending the guts and straitning the reines obstructing them and continuing above seven daies is mortall Conversion of the humor which should give substance and colour another way and so the vessels of urine are more destitute of heate and humor as to the braine in phrensies mortall except there be other good signes Argent 30. To impostumes under the short ribbes arme-holes in the necke about the privy parts To the spleene inflamed in ill signe Weck To other parts of the body as before in thin urine See there In all these if more coloured urines went before and ceasing too suddenly and no evacuation succeeded Arg. 87. Actuar. Milke white hath the same signification as was before of snow-water seeing they differ not in kinde but in degree but here is lesse hurt by reason of better colour and tincture Health in sharp diseases if the colour of gold went before Death consumption of the lungs if the colour of gold went not before and accompanied with other bad signes Pale flaxen the beginning of concoction Exulceration of the lungs and consumption if it be little and have leadish oily pale we which is mortall with a laske Flegmaticke complexion in a young man being often made in thickish substance Palew yellow citrine in whole men perfect health and if the sediment be good in young men by comparison of this all other are to be judged Flegmaticke complexion if the substance be some what thicke In sicke men hote and sharp diseases imminent In old men as a double tertian In children as a quotidian In young men flegmaticke melancholike or crude contents if they continue long so because their urine should naturally be more remisse for abundance of moisture Diseases of the breast the region full of bubbles Of the splene when many rods or strikes appeare like meteors Of the liver if it be much in quantity the body leane the belly bound Light saffron saffron of cause externall much watching great labour and travell especially in the heate of the Sunne simple distemperature of heate without mixture of humors if it be pure and perspicuous medicines purging choler as Rheubarb also saffron cinnamon broth of cherries Of cause internall as choler abounding as in a tertian Distemperature of humors especially blood if it be thickish darke Melancholike complexion in thicke substance and cholericke in thin End of a sicknesse being made on the criticall day Blew melancholy Vrines yellow saffron red do signifie exceeding heate of simple distemperature if they be pure and perspicuous but mixture of humor withall if they be thicke and troubled Fer. 447. Thicke substance joyned with colour White positively with mixture of humors betokeneth abundance of raw humors flegme glassy salt unsavory Consumption in a wasting ague so the fatty nourishment of the body is molten and voided Impostumes breaking out as in grievous agues so rotten matter is voided setling to the bottome and stinking Salvian 77. End of an ague if blood issue out of the nose and being made on the judiciall day in great quantity and then no impostume followeth Milke white like water wherein a little meale is cast is good in the end of an ague and rather if great quantity of urine was made before B. Holler Matter of the stone voided out of the reines and bladder looke more in the sediment in raw humors and matter of a sore An ulcer in the instruments of urine if it be thicke like a mushrone and mattery stinking and falling to the sediment separation of raw and flegmie matter without corruption or stinch Flux of seed in a man or woman carnall copulation if it be without corruption and stinketh not Dropsie if the yellow jaundice continue through great crudity in the veines Horne-white like the horne of an old lanthorne darke through smoke or gray like the darke colour of an oxe liver not troubled betokeneth that the body is full of grosse humors and flegmatike diseases of the whole body if it be troubled which is like a beasts water and so continuing long or alwaies yet sometimes being chafed at the fire it cleareth when it is broken by cold ayre signifieth that the veines are full of ill humors head-ache through agitation of humors ascending If it waxe cleare above and cloddereth in the sediment if it be much in quantity then it betokeneth the end of an ague if little in quantity an ill signe in an ague All white urines signifie some good if the patient be strong Claret continuing of the diseases yet without danger if it hath a sediment of like colour and substance Red like cherries or red apples of cause externall fore-sheweth that the loynes or reines are beaten and bruised or some vein neer the reins open or broken with paine in the place grieved Actuar. receipt of some purgation of rheubarbe c. as pag. 4. died with priver Avicen which Mont. 19. beleeveth not Internall widenesse rarity thinnesse or laxity of some veines neere the reines through which blood issueth and sweateth out in great quantity and weaknes of body Actuar. the reines or bladder fretted untill blood commeth as in the stone especially after labour with gravell Abundance of blood as rotten agues especially Abundance of choler as in agues tertion partly troubled with an uncleane and rough sediment or semitertian with a leadish colour and greene cloud Abundance of heate unnaturall wasting and melting the moisture of the body into urine made in great quantity with fatte swimming aloft as in a consumption Vrine staying too long in the body being not provoked to issue either
by sharp quality which lacketh in colde diseases or by great quantity being converted another way and so at length by delay in the body waxeth more coloured and concoct such happeneth in the palsie apoplexy epilepsie phtisicke crampe mortall Haff dropsie mortall or else the liver through debility is not able to separate the blood from the urines as in hepatica passione Salvian 87. Arg. 38. Such also happeneth in the laske bloody flixe Argent 38. mortall Haff cholike iliake mortall Haffurt paine in the reines or else to the place grieved blood and heate are drawne or else choler not descending through the passage betwixt the liver and the guts being obstructed with flegme and winde issueth with the urine Aegid. 11. Agues decaying Fer. Obstructions inflammations scirrous tumors of the gall being the naturall receptacle of choler obstructed the choler issueth at other parts or else that portion of choler which should be voided by stool is here voided by urine Argent 37. as in the jaundise with paine in the necke and short ribs and will colour a linnen cloath put into it Of the spleene and liver as in the dropsie so choler goeth to the urine Relapse or recidivation of the disease if it be made thicke and straight after thin before and after the criticall day because the heate which did at the first expell the disease now is overcome In young men without danger with a good sediment through length of the disease but in old men death not able to detaine the blood Actuar. Chrimson betokeneth great labour and travell in whole men especially in the heate of the Sunne or the fire c. wherby the blood is inflamed and rosted so in an ague Burning ague with thirst watchings cough and other accidents of an ague Actuar. Adustion of choler and turning into melancholy yet not so ill if there bee a good sediment but ill if the contents be ill or none at all and the urine thicke and grosse like a cloud Purple betokeneth the yellow jaundice if it continue long if there be signes of concoction it betokeneth health because the cause of the griefe is voided Affection of the reines onely after Fer. and not of weaknesse of the liver whether the urine be red bloody or crimson and like to the washing of raw flesh which Reus misliketh Abundance of blood sometimes in young men with some heavinesse or weight about the liver and up to the chanell bone or necke bone and here it is not a very evill signe but in old men very evill yea often mortall because they are not able through debility to detaine the blood Blew beating bruising stripes where it is a good signe because the humor is voided But Vasseus was deceived by a woman mixing an oxe gall Reusnerus Extreame cold and mortification extinction of naturall heate if the strength be weake and no signes of concoction besides Great exercise and labour great heate and rosting of the blood Melancholy arising of a dust colour Changing of the bladder from his naturall disposition in old men Strangury at hand in those that have the stone Recovery and health where the patient is mending in declination of the disease or being made on the criticall day Green or rather greenish Argent alone seldome of good hope Mont. Cold extreme mortall if leadish colour and blacke follow successively at divers times pulse feeble in thirst or short breath Cappiv 147. contrary to Reusn. 136. Quotidian ague melancholy a dust yellow jaundice especially with an ague Heate and adustion of humors a long time if greene hath blacke immediately succeeding and not leadish comming betweene and accompanied with great heate in the body thirst ague short breath and some splendent glistring in the urine Oyly not such wherein fat like spiders webs floate but such whose substance is clammy and thicke as oyle or fat molten and being shaken is clammy and heavy as oyle Fernel Good if it be made only after black urine as better succeeding the worse Made on the criticall day in great quantity for so the matter is voided After paine of the reines without an ague especially appearing suddenly with great quantity Dropsie vehement cholike This urine Galen hath often seene without any great hurt following Cappiv 92. Ill in a consumption of the body remedilesse through great imbecility of the parts of the body rising of great distemperature of heate that they cannot containe nourishment which voiding doth give this colour to the urine Reusner And in consumption of the lungs Tertian ague in fat and soft tender bodies Argent Convulsion of drinesse madnesse vomiting continuall thirst heate the tongue scorched c. going before yet if better colours follow better hope Actua Ash colour leadish good in beating bruisings if it settle to the sediment in blacke jaundice because the cause of the griefe is evacuated Ill extreme and mortall heate in hot agues if green colour was made before at other times Contra Cappivac 145. Especially without sediment and other signes of heate Mortall strangury following in a burning ague Extreme and mortifying cold if the colour before was pale and other signes of cold Cappivac 149. The same judgement is of blew colour but that here all things are greater and augmented Thicke substance with colour blacke of cause either externall or internall Externall eating of Cassia Argent 40. c. as before pag. 4. cap. 1. Fall bruisings beatings purgers of melancholy Internall by mixture of some humor as melancholy blood adust or choler adust Mont. 17. Criticall evacuation with ease of the patient after great diseases Quartane declining or rather burning ague long or sharp diseases with bleeding at the nose and sweat on the criticall day els death Actua Child-birth or with child Cap. 151. Womens flowers heretofore stopped and now voided if white or such like went before Splenetike diseases with a tumor in the spleene Chronicall diseases of the backe and matrix of melancholy Melancholy blacke jaundise Wecker Madnesse fury hemmoraudes Reines and bladder troubled with the stone with stincke by breaking some little veines in the reines Other griefes of grosse humors but if there be great heate paine ague want of appetite a posie some dangerous canker carbuncle or naughty ulcers Sal. 97. Symptomaticall extreame and mortall heate and adustion as in sharp agues if greene urine went before or red with heate leannesse and thirst stinke of the urine and small quantity Cappiv 111. 161. 169. Fern Actuar. which may cause a dangerous cramp or convulsion after great labour except it be made on the criticall day Cold if blew green or ash colour urine made before with cold and without stinch a little sediment and united Cappiv 146. Selv. 94. but in this case the urine is rather darke then blacke indeed Mont. vide mercurial varia lect. lib. 2. cap. 11. Blacke urines are mortall in all ages and persons unlesse they come of some cause externall or criticall
is sometimes so fastned in the reines that it cannot be removed and then after great labour and exercise by fretting of the reines with the stone the urine is not onely thicke and troubled but also bloody and sometime clods of blood setled downe such urines are sometimes made after a fall or beating and seldome after great labour when the ulcer is thus made in rest and quietnesse the urine is thicke and white after labour more coloured with a thicke sediment after that the urine is thicke white and stinching and purulent not much unlike milk in which purulent matter setleth when as the ulcer is hollow and filthy such urine hinder judgement of all other parts of the body save the reines and when as the ulcer groweth very filthy and commeth to a fistula in this white thicke troubled and stinking urine oftentimes a thicke slimy tough matter like the snevill of the nose or white of an egge setleth and such oftentimes issueth when the stone is in the bladder for though the matter thereof commeth from the reines yet it groweth and wrappeth about the stone through fault or weaknesse of the bladder which may appeare for that the urine continueth so when the stone is voided moreover filthy ulcers of the necke of the bladder and yard and fluxe of seed in the French disease doe cause such urines but at the first certaine slender filaments appeare then more grosse whereof the whole urine waxeth thicke and lastly this filthy sediment that now we speake of And although the ulcer be cured yet certain filaments remaine through imbecility of the bladder and spermatike vessels Fernel 455. 2. Adustion of humors As in diseases of choler as burning agues Salvian 183. tertian agues single and compound Also in diseases of melancholy as quartane ague long continued Gout after long drying and thickning of the humor Paine of the joynts and reines Leprosie morbus Gallicus confirmed emeraudes costivenesse Aegid. Also heate of the liver if there be no paine nor heavinesse about the reines Such sandy gravell floteth in the whole body of the urine like motes in the Sunne-beames and after setling to the sediment covering the bottome of the urinall or in colour browne or duskish red and cleaveth to the sides of the urinall and being dried in a shadowie place are somewhat soft and tractable Looke after for gravell in the swimme 3. Receipt of sharp diuretike medicines which provoke urine which skouring the reines doe bring such gravell with them 11. Wormes little dragons vermes dracunculi 1. Putrefaction whereof they be engendred Argent 12. Blood pure thicke grosse or cloddy sanguis grumus sanguinis when the vessels of blood and urine have their 1. Orifice opened {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} wherby blood issueth either because that the blood exceedeth in quantity as in sanguine men Or in criticall evacuation though seldome so womens flowers voiding by urine are grosse and cloddy setling to the sediment and no paine in any part of the body So in declination of diseases of the spleene with much residence and dregs Hasfurt Or else when the blood exceedeth in quality as when it is too thin sharp or salt tickling the vessels and provoking them to expulsion Or else when the vessels of blood and urine are either too large wide and open as the veines emulgent carrying the urine from the hollow veine to the reins being too open doe receive blood from the hollow veine Wecker Or when the said vessels are too weake in their retentive faculty as when the veines be too weake so in the small pockes exanthemata blood staied in other places and overloading nature is voided by urine which if it stinke and the pocks be blew or leadish mortall Or the liver too weake so pure blood is voided by stoole or urine as the hollow or round part of the liver is affected with paine under the right short ribs and stinketh not Has or the hollow veine too weake so pure blood is voided with paine about the seventh joynt in the backe from os sacrum upward Aegid. Or lastly the reines and bladder too weake and feeble as in old men at the pits brinke 2. Membranes or tunicles of the veines laxe thin and full of pores so thin watery and warme blood running between the skinne and the flesh sweating out {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} in processe of time gathereth together into blacke and leadish clods 3. Substance and membranes hurt {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} by a fall beating bruising leaping violent exercise great burdens so cloddy blood voideth Or by medicines which are corrosives and caustickes or openers of obstructions or by the stone in the reines or bladder after exercise so the reines or bladder being wounded and exulcerated filthy and cloddy blood voydeth with stinke and paine about the places grieved Dolor ostendit locum Record If blood issue by any of these wayes in the vessels of the lungs breast arteries stomacke belly or guts there followeth vomiting of blood but in other parts by the two first waies it gathereth into clods Ianus Cornarius in Gal. lib. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} 74. 13. Seed sperma semen which lightly floteth and ascendeth the urinall being shaken And issueth with the urine either for that the 1. Seed aboundeth in quantity as after carnall copulation desire of carnall copulation or venerous dreames c. Or when the seed in quality is either too sharp hot or salt then the yard is extended and issueth with some delight in good quantity and stinketh Wecker in gonorrhaea Or when the seed is too thin or waterish which issueth without sense almost and unwillingly the yard not extent and then the whole body waxeth leane especially the loines Or lastly when the seed is virulent and contagious as in morbo gallico with stinch of the urine and sometime gravelly or sandy contents 2. Vessels spermatike are either too slippery or else weake in their retentive faculty with wasting of the whole body as in Apoplexy palsie in the genitours falling sicknesse For in these diseases stoole urine feed c. are involuntary 14. Dust cineres black or leadish and heavy like a blacke pouder rising of melancholy and signifieth 1. Fluxe of the emeraudes present or shortly to follow the colour of the urine remisse And sometime vomiting of blood 2. Paine and diseases of the spleene especially after purging of melancholy The dust being somewhat browne or purple 3. Stopping of the flowers In substance thicke colour pale flaxen or white sediment little or lacking And sometime vomiting of blood and the dust gathered and heaped together in the sediment or bottome 4. Paine in the reines loines and other inferiour parts by which the melancholike blood passeth in the hemorrhoidall veines to the seat 15. Motes Atomi such as appeare in the Sunne-beames little and round red or white little flockes And these appearing in
or other perfume Fernel Bertin 2. Eating of turpentine c. because it is not easily changed in the body by reason of his viscosity nor draweth any store of matter with it Argent 60. Salvian 60. c. Montanus thought that by eating of sweet smelling things the urine should stincke and contrariwise by eating of stinking things the urine should have a sweet smell whom Argenterin confuteth For garlike stinketh and being eaten maketh the urine also stinke and contrary turpentine hath of himselfe a good smell which being taken into the body giveth the same smell to the urine Internall cause as Dominion of good blood not putrefied 3. Ill or stinking smell is likewise of cause externall or internall Externall cause as 1. Perfuming it with stinking perfumes as assafetida galbanum sagapenum smoke of burnt feathers brimstone c. 2. Eating of Carduus benedictus because it doth moove and stirre up the humors and converteth them to the passages of urine of rue onyons annise-seed garlike rotten cheese stalkes of sperage fenell fengreeke c. Argent Salvian 98. Aegid. 11. Fernel vide P. Apon in problem Arist. 2. 14. Internall cause Mens urines according to the diverse constitutions of the bodies from whence they come are in severall degrees of better or worse smell for those who have abundance of pure blood and other humors according to their naturall disposition free from putrefaction and expell their excrements both universall and particular in due time and quantity and have a moderate use of the sixe things not naturall doe make urine as all other excrements lesse stinking yet somewhat ordinarily because urine as all other excrements come of impure matter and in mens bodies which be moist and subject to putrefaction Yet not in all bodies stinking ill seeing it is concoct Argent And though it is too base for the Physitian yea sometimes dangerous to put his nose to the urine to discerne the stinch thereof yet the knowledge hereof hath good use amongst other differences of urine yea in demonstrating putrefaction ulcers and impostumes in mans body is to be preferred before all other Argent But to come to the matter againe Stinking urines are evermore an argument of putrefaction 1. either of the humours 2. or solid and substantiall parts of mans body Which you may distinguish thus for if the putrefaction be in the humors onely the stinke began lately and the urine is thicke or troubled and chanceth by one of these three waies either for that the humors 1. Breed crudity through want of heat as in those which are full of ill humors as flegme and melancholy because they make the urine thicker and being cold not provoking the vessels to expulsion they stay longer in the body and breed putrefaction 2. Stay too long in the body as in the strangury dysury stone when the sediment is full of filth and paine in pissing so in exulcerations or impostumes of the reines or bladder and gonorrhoea the urine white and thicke and the sediment full of matter Fernel Salvian 99. so in creticall evacuations of impostumes and inflamations with ease of the patient and signes of concoction 2. Are infected with the plague in a confused and troubled red urine with little motes much dispersed With morbus gallicus with sandy and gravelly red contents But if the putrefaction be in the solid and substantiall parts of mans body as the liver spleene veines c. it is with paine and in urine rather thin then thicke and the stinch of long continuance for which causes there is great danger for thin urine seldome stinketh for want of putrefied humours and excrements And stinch long continuing sheweth that the putrefaction is entred into the habit of the body Cappivac 112. Argenter Some say that the urine stinketh in some sharp agues and diseases which Salvian denieth save only in the plague CHAP. X. Of the manner of pissing MAnner of pissing is either hard and uneasie or else involuntary Painfull hard and uneasie pissing is either because that the 1. Vrine is too sharp as in the strangury by mixture of some sharp humours as salt flegme choler purulent matter or by ill diet or some hot distemperature in the veins as in sharp and continuall agues or some criticall evacuations Or when the glandulous parts about the bladder are dried up by immoderate venery disease or medicine which should mitigate the sharpnesse of the urine 2. Vessels of urine reines bladder yard either too weake or troubled with exulcerations by which urine passing causeth paine and smarting 2. Also with impostumes swellings gatherings in which the urine is first white then filthy and lastly rotten 3. With inflammations whereof followeth vomiting of choler continuall ague and paine in the reines Bertin 4. With obstruction of the stone and gravell as you may read pag. 64. Of tough and clammy humors and ventositie distending the vessels 5. With distemperature of heate and drinesse 6. With convulsion of sphincter the muscle shutting the necke of the bladder or of the sinewes adjoyning 3. Blood or the wombe is inflamed 4. Guts or the wombe distended with tumors or ventositie as in the colicke whereby the reins and emulgent veins are pressed and straitned In voluntary pissing when one maketh urine unwittingly or against his wil which happeneth either for that the 1. Vessels of urine bladder reines c. have their retentive faculty hurt weakned or decaied as in the Apoplexy falling sicknesse paulsey Or when the muscle sphincter shutting the necke of the bladder Or sinewes comming from the backe serving thereto are hurt by fall beating wound c. Or made feeble and weake by cold distemperature or by too much moisture in children or drinesse in old men whereby the aforesaid muscle and sinewes cannot detaine their urine but many times they bepisse their bed So in great and sudden feare when the blood heate and spirits fly to the heart and inward parts whereby the outward parts and those which be far distant from the heart are destitute of blood heate and spirits so men suddenly terrified and astonied not only void urine but other excrements against their will Likewise in the pissing ill the urine white and much and the patient thirsty and the body decaying See before cap. 5. 2. Principall Agent the braine not directing the animall faculty nor communiting it the sinewes and muscles of the vessels of urine whereupon they cease from their function and let the urine passe away by drops as they receive it as in mad men raving doting in sharp diseases but if there be other signes of concoction it signifieth criticall fluxe of blood at the nose because the matter being drawn up to the braine and yet signes of recovery must be voided at the nose Salv. 113. CHAP. XI Of suppression of urine VRine is suppressed in whole men being occupied in some importunate busines as pleading at the barre preaching reading c. Also sleeping whereby they
but under the liver by opening the veine under the anckle or under the knee Galen Comment lib. 9. Hippoc de morbis vulneribus Galen de vena sectione and then if the body abound with other humors a purgation is convenient but not strong at the first lest it stirre the humors too much out of season before the passages be open After this seeke to open the passages of urine about the reines partly with clyster partly outwardly by some fomentation lineaments insessions but yet too much use of these doth effoeminate the reines and make them more subject to the humors descending Then at length you may minister medicines which provoke urine breake and expell the stone Of which medicines there is great diversity For some help to mitigate the heate of the reins asswage the inflammation and hinder the gravell to grow together into a stone and such be cooling senifiers of roughnesse but not astringent as the foure lesse cold seeds 2. Some provoke urine either for that they augment it by attenuating the blood and separating it from the wheyish substance and carrying it to the reins these are hot and dry towards the third degree 3. Or some provoke urine because they minister much watery and wheyish moisture to the body which the reins drawing to them doe also draw some humors out of the veines as white wine plantaine and melons seed 4. Or some againe provoke urine not by augmenting the quantity but by clensing skouring the reines and dissolving and expelling gravell now beginning to grow together As turpentine root of rest-harrow betony fenell seed and root sperage juice of limmons root of sorrell maiden haire ceterac 5. Some againe provoke urine by both these qualities in ministring much wheyish matter also by clensing the passages 6. Some provoke urine by their roughnesse clensing the reines and robbing or fretting on the stone or gravell as glasse burned and beaten into pouder eggeshels gromill the stone it self which came from a man beaten into pouder 7 Lastly some provoke urine by an hidden and secret property as lapis Iudaicus cassia rheubarbe Those medicines which provoke urine in the second signification by augmenting the quantity are never to be used in any disease of the vessels of urine as emulgent veines reines water-conduits bladder or yard for thereby they are more hurt and obstructed by much quantity of urine passing that way But such medicines which doe coole the heate of the reins or which do clense and mundefie them from impurity already gathered and neither exceed in heat or drinesse but in subtle and piercing quality Or which by propriety of their substance help that way as those in the fourth and seventh signification and yet these are not at all or seldome to be used when the body is leane or in a consumption or full of blood and ill humors neither when the vessels of urine are exulcerated or obstructed or the passages strait or when the wombe or privy members have any swelling or ulcer or when the urine is suppressed the bladder being full or issueth with smart burning For in all these the medicines bring more impurity to the places grieved and so increase the disease neither are they to be used in swellings or breakings out of the skin lest they draw the griefe to the inward parts Of the strangury The strangury is caused either for that the urine is too sharp which doth provoke the expulsive faculty to expell it before any quantity be gathered together Or for that the retentive faculty to the bladder is weakened through some distemperature especially of cold Or else through some ulcer or inflammation of the bladder to which the urine comming doth extimulate the expulsive faculty Or lastly when the wombe or bowels being inflamed or swollen do trouble or distend the bladder as in women great with childe who oftentimes pisse little and often Now as the cause of the griefe is diverse so the medicines is likewise diverse for sharpnes of the urine whether it come of hot and salt meats too much heating the liver and reines or of medicines which burne the blood or of exercise which likewise heate the reines and bladder or lastly that the moisture in the glandulous parts is dried up by too much use of venery leanenesse or drinesse of the body must bee cured with contrary diet and medicine which moisten take away the sharpnesse and coole the blood as new laid egges chickens veale meats made of wheat and barley meale also lettuce purslane endive sorrell prunes cherries sweet apples cucumbers melons but mixe not here with too much salt vineger or other hot spices and if the body abound with sharp humors a gentle purgation is good of cassia manna whey diesebasten also decoctions of lettuce violets sorrell purslane adding thereto some licorize or prunes the flowers or leaves of malowes the root of holihoke And if the paine be raging it is good to make an injection by a syringe of the white of an egge with rose water or womans milke or the juice of purslane or plantaine c. But if the glandulous moisture be too much dried up you must use such meats and medicines inwardly and outwardly as doe moisten the parts as oyle of violets almonds hennes grease new butter also to make plaisters to be applied to the places about the privy members or injections to be squirted up into the yard or clisters to the same purpose Of the pissing evill The pissing evill is called when the patient pisseth as fast as he drinketh and in like quantity Or when he pisseth against his will and it chanceth either through default of the bladder or reines As when the retentive faculty of the bladder is decaied through distemperature of cold and moistnesse for too much cold doth extinguish the naturall heate of it which is of a cold and sinewie substance and without blood and too much moistnesse doth loosen the small strings serving to the retentive faculty or when the expulsive faculty is hurt through quantity or quality of the urine Or lastly when the muscle sphincter serving for voluntary motion is decaied or weakened either through cold or moistnesse loosening or obstructing or benumming the muscle as in the paulsie or is rent or wounded that it cannot doe his duty as some time happeneth to those who are cut for the stone in the bladder where either the unskilfull Surgeon doth make too great incision or the stone too big doth rent the muscle in comming out Whereupon though the wound groweth whole againe yet the weaknesse of the muscle remaineth this griefe is almost familiar to children who bepisse their beds in sleep through weaknesse and loosenesse Or this griefe happeneth through default of the reines being too hot and so draw the urine too fast from the liver and veines and the retentive faculty weak cannot hold the urine but sendeth it as fast to the bladder Now for the cure but I can say nothing of the
THE DIFFERENCES CAVSES AND IVDGEMENTS OF VRINE ACCORDING TO THE BEST WRITERS THEREOF BOTH OLD and new summarily collected BY I. Fletcher LONDON Printed by Iohn Legatt 1641. The contents of this Booke AN admonition to the Reader of the order of the booke and authors from whence it was gathered A preface wherein the judgement by urine is preferred before that by the pulse Also the generation of urine in mans body Cap. 1. Generall considerations in judgement of urines how many things hinder judgement in respect of the urinall physitian and urine it self to the 5. page and how many things alter the urine in respect of age sexe complexion time of the yeare kinde of life c. to the 10. page 2. Of the substance of urine thin to the 14. page thicke to the 17. page and meane to the 19. 3 Of clearenesse and darkenesse of urine to the 24. page 4. Of 21. colours of urine pag. 25. where the reader must adde after pale subspicous subpallidus these words If you seethe a piece of the rinde of pomegranate and then put to it thrice as much clean water it will make a pale colour Also at flaxen spiceus adde these words But if you put thereto a little or none of cleane water it will be flaxen colour 5 Of substance and colour ioyntly together and first of thin urine with his colours to the 34. page thicke with his colours to the 44. page 6 Quantity of urine much to the 48. page little to the 49. page 7 Of the contents of the urine in generall and first where contents want the division of the contents page 53. of their colour 53. substance thicke 55. thin 56. quantity 57. 8 Of contents in speciall and first of the 15. deformed contents in the sediment to the 77. page In the middle region page 77. in the uppermost region pag. 79. and here of the colours 80. deformed contents 81. of the crowne 82. his colours 83. of fome froth bubbles 85. and 3. differences 89. Drops of fat 90. 9 Smell of urine 90. 10 Manner of pissing 95. 11 Suppression of urine 98. 12 Of what parts of the body urine giveth signification 101. 13 Of concoct crude and dangerous urines 101. 14 A methodicall practise in judgement of urine 107. 15 Of the qualities commodities and medicines of urine and of diseases touching urine and the remedies thereof 117. An Alphabeticall Table to the whole Booke An admonition to the READER THis Treatise following I first digested into tables for mine own privat use which afterwards was by my friend converted into this forme to fit the presse And therefore the studious reader must still remember how one part followeth another in order and that which is spoken generally before a division to be understood of all the members following under that head according to the law of method A word is enough to him that is acquainted with tables The Treatise it selfe is an abridgement wholly gathered out of other mens writings I challenge nothing to my selfe but the collection and disposition hereof Wherein for better satisfaction of the Reader I have many times cited the Author whose testimony I use and now and then I have quoted the page of such books as I then followed and whereof I set downe the catalogue where when and in what forme they were printed Willichius and Reusner Basileae 1592. 8. Argenterius de urinis 1591. 8. Record in English London 8. Actuarius Parisiis 1548. 8. Aegidius Basileae 1506. 8. Weckers Syntaxis Basileae 1582. fol. Fernelius Francofurti 1593. 8. Montanus de Excrementis Venetiis 1554. 8. Cappivaccius de urinis Servestae 1595. 8. Vassaeus de urinis Lugduni 1645. 16. Io. Hasfurtus Venetiis 1584. 4. Salvianus Romae 1587. 8. Blosii Hollerii theorica medicina Argentinae 1565. 8. The Preface AMongst all signes of sicknes or health wherby the skilfull Physitian is led into the knowledge of the state of the body two are of most general and certain signification which are taken from the pulse and urine without which all the knowledge of physicke besides is obscure doubtfull and uncertain Whereof the first sheweth the estate of the heart and arteries the second of the liver and veins Both of such speciall use in signification of diseases incident to mans body that joyned together they certainly instruct the Physitian whether the disease tendeth to health or death but whether of these two severally considered doth give more certain signification I had rather leave it to be determined of others who can better doe it then my selfe yet under their correction me thinke that the urine giveth the most manifest certaine and generall signification of all diseases because with the blood it is conveyed into all parts of the body and from thence returneth backe againe in the veines to the liver and vessels of urine bringing with it some note of the state and disposition of all those parts from whence it commeth Neither is there any other excrement that hath so many differences as the urine neither from which so many significatiōs may be taken as from it in the substance colour quantity contents smell manner of pissing c. in which the Physitian may with more profit exercise himselfe then in the six differences of pulses the art whereof Hippocrates either never knew or neglected And Galon confesseth of himselfe that he spent 20. yeares in study that way before he could attaine the knowledge of the systole or contraction of the pulse in the arteries which being unknowne the pulse also must remain unknowne and yet it is uncertaine whether Galen indeed ever did attain therto From Galens time for 1200. yeares after this knowledge lay buried in the black dungeon of ignorance untill Iosephus Struthius brought it to some light and no marvel for the continuall mutability and alteration of the pulse cannot be comprehended by art For as the affections of mans minde anger feare joy sorrow love hatred springing from the heart doe vary so the pulse differeth in every moment So we read that Erasistratus the Physitian perceived by the pulse of Antiochus son to the King of Syria and Persia that he was in love with Stratonica his step-mother And Galen saith that hee perceived by the often change of the pulse of a woman that she was in love with Pylades Besides that the tunicles of the arteries the skin and flesh in the wrest of the hand where the pulse is felt and the skin and flesh of the Physitians hand feeling the pulse are in some harder and in some softer Againe the patients hand differing in heate or cold or manner of position higher lower or on the one side and the Physitians hand touching the arteries softly or pressing them and infinit other circumstances which make such sudden and momentary alteration of the pulse that as in ancient time so at this present amongst us there be very few skilfull in this part of judgement But on the contrary side in urine there
is no such labour or cause of doubt for we may see it and consider well of it for many houres together and find no alteration therein And of this Hippocrates Galen Aegideus Actuarius Avicen and infinite others in all ages have delivered precepts and gathered judgements and therefore as a part of physicke better knowne and of more certainty then the pulse I have in this short Treatise handled divided into his differences and to every difference I have added his judgment together with a reason thereof And in many places I have more especially distinguished it not onely by other differences of the urine but also by other accidents of the disease it selfe As for example pag. 47. one signification of much urine is a consumption of the whole body whereto I have added other signes by the urine as that it is somewhat fatty in colour palew reddish high coloured and without other signs of concoction And hereof I presently annexe this cause for so the profitable fat moisture humors and substantiall parts of the body are molten dissolved and voided by urine The rest I leave to the diligence of the studious reader who with smal consideration may easily conceive the same And here I would make an end but that I thinke it not amisse in few words to shew the generation of urine in mans body and the vessels thereto belonging The meat and drinke received by the mouth and descending downe into the stomacke and there concocted together incorporated and made one substance chylus and thence passing by an issue in the bottome of the stomacke pylorus to the first gut duodenum and from thence to the hungry gut ieiunum from thence againe five of the eight mesaraicall veines sucke so much as is profitable nourishment the rest being unprofitable for nourishment is voided by stoole which againe is conveyed into vena porta and at length after many purifications and concoctions in the parts before mentioned to the liver where it is converted into blood and thence sent into the hollow veine where it is againe more purified the excrementitious parts being sequestred separated and sent to other places as the choler to the gall melancholy to the spleen and the watery or wheyish part to the emulgent or sucking veines from whence againe it is drawne of the reines where it is altered perfectly into urine which as unprofitable descendeth into the water-conduits ureteres and thēce into the bladder which at length at a mans pleasure by help of the muscle shutting the necke of the bladder is voided out by the yard Yet some part of this thin wheyish humor is not after this sort conveyed from the liver to the bladder but as I have shewed cap. 12. is together with the blood in the veines derived into all parts of the body and at length returning backe againe the same way is expelled by the yard Seeing then urine passeth through so many vessels and receiveth so many concoctions and preparations before it can be expelled it must needs admit many alterations And yet we see by daily experience that great drinkers those which drinke some diuretike potion and especially those who are troubled with the pissing evill doe pisse out presently after drinke not concoct nor much altered from the drinke received Hereof Galen 3. de facult. nat. cap. 15. yeeldeth these reasons The great desire of the stomack to receive drinke the thin piercing and subtle substance of the drinke speedily running into all parts the widenesse of the passages and lastly the strong attractive faculty of the reines all which concurring together doe cause the drinke received so quickly to passe through the parts of the body without any great alteration Yet some the better to satisfie these doubts have devised and by arguments laboured to confirme a readier and shorter course for the drinke received to passe to the reins by the wind-pipe great artery aorta emulgent veines and bladder But because this opinion is so contrary to the reputed and received truth of Hippocrates Galen and all Physitians as also that it imagineth another free passage beside the meat-pipe through the wind-pipe and lungs whereas we find by experience that a little dust in travelling or a crum of bread in eating falling into the same is ready to choke a man as a kernell of a raison did Anacreon the Poet and that therefore nature hath ordained a cover for the wind-pipe epiglottis lest in eating or drinking something should passe that way And the Physitians doe forbid much talke or disputation at meat lest the cover being opened thereby should let somthing passe that way I cease further to commend it Of the instruments and parts by which urine is engendred and passeth marke this figure following A. is the liver B. the hollow veine C. veines by which the reins doe draw the urine and therfore bee called the sucking veines venae emulgentes D. the reines E. The water-pipes ureteres F. is the bladder G. the spout of the yard All other parts beside appertaine to generation and seed A perfit forme of the urinall wherein the urine according to his height is divided into three regions for the distinction of the three contents mentioned Chap. 7 8. 1 2 3 4. the lowest region for the sediment 5 6 7 8. the middle region for the swimme 9 10 11 12. the uppermost region for the cloud In the top whereof the black line going through the thicknes of the urinal is the circle or crown CHAP. I. Of generall considerations in judgement of Vrines IVdgements of an urine are considered in respect of the urinall of the Physitian of the urine it self 1. In respect of the urinal which ought not to bee of any colour for so it would alter the apparent colour of the urine Not strait or broad beneath which alter the contents Not open in the top for so dust or other filth might fall in aire cold or heat might soone alter it Not stopped with Woollen or Linnen for so lint or Cotten might fall in Not too neere nor too far off for the substance too neere might appeare thicker and too farre off thinner Aegid. 10. Argent 91. contrariwise in Wine and Vineger Capivac 88. Not uncleane within The Vrinall therefore ought to be a cleare glasse or pure chrystall without any colour at all or notable thicknesse Broad round and oblonge below and straiter above conically ascending like to a mans bladder which it representeth that a fit place may remaine for the fashion of the sediment and stopped at the top with leather paper c. that nothing fall in nor ayre easily get in 2. In respect of the Physitian who may not see the urine in a place either too darke or by candle-light for so the colour will appeare altered Or else too light as the Sunne-beames make the colour more remisse Therefore put your hand or a blacke cloth betwixt the light and the Vrinall on the opposite part of the Vrinall that
in declination the heate decaying more remisse again So urine voided after large drinking is first white after more coloured and at length returneth to his former colour againe and consistence And where there is much idlenes gluttony surfeits sleep drunkennesse use of cold meates the urine is white and thicke sediment much and crude naturall heate being oppressed and suffocated 8 In respect of complexions the flegmatike hath urine of colour white substance thicke quantity increased and the sediment more raw The chollericke yellow as pure gold much coloured and of substance thin The melancholike white with a certaine dimnesse because melancholy is in quality cold and dry But if melancholy be voided in substance the urine is blacke as in criticall evacuations of melancholy Aegid. 37. The sanguine reddish with a certaine darknesse substance indifferent thicke CHAP. II Of the substance of Vrine THe substance of urine is either thin thicke or meane Vrine thinne as water such as every urine is of it owne nature neither can it waxe thicke by seething having little earthly substance neither congeale through cold in our bodies which be hot as long as we live is not of so good signification as thicke urine because it signifieth crudity and debility whereas thicke urine signifieth some separation and beginning of concoction as also strength of the expulsive faculty to expell grosse matter and mixt with urine but thin urine doth signifie either 1. Obstruction in the veines or liver with an ague of the reines and vessels of urine without an ague by tough and clammy humours cloddes of bloud tumors stone flesh growing whereby the thicker part of the urine is staied and the thinner in small quantity as it were through a colander or strainer is let passe and may be knowne by the paine in the obstructed part Salv. 11. 2. Or crudity and lacke of concoction and separation through cold and want of naturall heate or abundance of unnaturall heate in an ague and other signes of heate as in simple distemperatures without mixture of humours as is seene in cold much drinking of wine water and drinke Pissing presently after drinking and especially which provoketh urine and staying not in the body untill humours be concocted to ishue with it to give it substance and tincture for the second urine staying longer is thicker and more coloured and so the third and the fourth as sooner or later more or lesse thicke and coloured as concoction and heate is more or lesse strong Capiv 103. and at length returneth to his former substance In the beginning of diseases when all humors are raw and unfit to bee concoct the urine is white and thin and after that heate increasing is yellow and red and in declination the heate decreasing more remisse againe untill he returne unto his former state of health In furfetting drunkennesse gluttony and especially pissing presently after When the stomach is cold whereby meate and humors are raw and so sent to the liver When the liver of it selfe is cold and weake receiving them raw from the stomach and sendeth them so to the reines For the errour of the first concoction is not taken away in the second When the reines and vessels of urine through weaknes are not able to draw or expell any humour but thin Capiv 86. Colour white in children signifieth death Salvian 24. Likewise in weake persons And in sharp diseases Argent 24. Continuance of the disease in intermitting agues or strong persons Recidivation or returning againe of the disease being made on the criticall day 3. Or thin urine signifieth conversion of the humour another way with signes of concoction and more coloured urine precedent as to the whole body with paine in the whole body and thin water long continuing the humour regurgitating into all places as in the small Pocks Measils Impostumes Dropsie Botches and Felons Aegid. 230. Into the stomach and causeth upbraidings and vomitings To the braine in a frenzie with a burning ague and is mortall Galen never knew any escape Mont. To the Liver with paine in the right side To the pores of the skin in sweat To the short ribbes arme-holes necke privy parts gathering to an head making an impostume To the belly in dropsies beginning For after the matter increasing the urine waxeth thicker To the reines in Nephritide To the seat in the Hemerodes To the joynts as to the huckle-bone in sciatica knees feet hands in the gout drawing humors to them Argent 24. To the guts as in dysenteries flixes laskes loosenesse To the cods in Hydrocele To the mother as immoderate flux of the termes Record To other parts that are weake and grieved whither humors fall Or being inflamed draw humors to them much like cupping-glasses Vrine thicke as syrrup boiled to his height or yellow choler in the gall Aegid. 23. is alwaies made by mixture of other humors as bloud choler fleume not naturall abounding melancholy rawe humors purulent matter seed gravell or filaments The farther placed from you the thinner it appeareth and hath alwaies moates stirring up and downe contrary in both to Wine or Vineger besides the smell Argent 29. which either may be cleered externally being chafed at the fire returning againe except it hath stood too long or stood too long by the fire or in Sunne Arg. 47. or such as waxe thicke and are turned by standing in the cold extinguishing the heate and spirits of the urine or may be cleered of it selfe in the Vrinall the thicker and grosser part setling downe to the sediment and this hath alwaies a good signification that good concoction now beginneth in the liver and that which is concoct hath now some forme though unperfect but while the heate is fervent in the veins some terrestriall matter is mixed therewith which is not yet perfectly separated by the heate Looke after in the declination of the disease Wecker Or this thicke urine may not be cleeâ—ed though chafed at the fire which commeth either from the vessels and passages of urine as the reines bladder yard beâ—ng too open and large Fernel 449. or â—xulcerated and apostumated whereby the urine is tronbled and with purulent matter raw humor or seed is white of â—loud red and sometimes with gravell and â—laments All to be knowne by smell and â—riefe in the part Fern 39. Arg. 22. Or else it commeth from some supeâ—our member as liver splene veines stomacke where it is alwaies an argument â—f heate oppressed and crudity not that â—aturall heate is distempered but suffocated through abundance of humours Fern 449. and is to bee understood either of one urine made at the same time or many urines made on severall daies and severall times of the sickenesse As in the beginning where it sheweth abundance of grosse raw and flegmaticke humours which cause head-aches in tertian and quotidian agues and such urine now made when as nature hath made no concoction or separation it is through weaknesse of nature
of unnaturall heat symptomaticall and ill and other ill signes joyned withall as feeble pulse old age Winter weaknes it is mortall except in diseases of choler and bloud which are soon concocted Arg. 29. but with good signes as youth strength good sediment continuance of the disease not desperate Weck 13. Sal. 36. 138. Cap. 100. State a better signe because now naturall heat beginning to prevaile doth separate and expell humors which nourish the disease in strength of the patient and other good signes otherwise that unnaturall heat putrefactive beginneth to move the humors as chanceth often in pestilentiall agues Weck 13. Declining if thinne water was made before some daies and after it is made it cleareth in the Vrinall Sal. 201. when as naturall heate hath made some concoction and so expelleth the humor offending especially being made on the criticall day it is a very good signe for thus many diseases are cured as the sciatica gout Sal. 37. paine in the joynts And when the humour offending is expelled and the patient recovered the urine returneth to his colour and meane consistence againe Arg. 25. But if it waxe thin and white too suddenly or hastily before the humor be expelled and the patient recovered it seemeth the humor is converted another way where it makes an impostume drawing to a head or to the braine as before in thin urine looke immediately before in thicke humor which cleareth of it selfe Meane urine neither so thin as water neither so thicke as beasts water but as white Wine or cleere Ale which waxeth thicke in the glasse through cause externall as cold or longer standing for so in Winter urines turne sooner then in Summer and being neere the fire or heate returne againe except the naturall heate of the urine be totally extinct by too long standing or by being in too hote a place as the sun or too long by the fire or in warme water whereby the heate and spirit of the urine is dissipated rarified and evaporated out of the urine Argent 47. These two returne not Or through cause internall Videl. 1. want of naturall heate as old mens urines and those that are in recovery of their health doe easily change and waxe thicke and being chafed at the fire returne again except they have stood long c. 2. Abundance of humors which nature can neither concoct nor detaine but is almost suffocated therewith as their urines which have crammed themselves with meat drink are more easily turned and waxe thicke And both these in whole men doe signifie health impaired because heate hath entred into some raw matter in the veines and cleareth it by rarifying the parts thereof which heate and spirits being expelled by externall cold the urine becommeth thick Wecker In sicke men in the beginning ill because the concoction is of unnaturall heate After the beginning with other good signes concoction of naturall heate but with ill signes crudity of unnaturall heate But if the urine continue meane in the glasse and yet after it hath setled the thicker part falleth to the sediment it signifieth good concoction in the stomacke liver veines and lively naturall heate Fernel 449. CHAP. III. Of clearenesse and darknesse of Vrine VRine is also either perspicuous light through or cleare through which a man may discerne his knockles Record and is not all one with thin urine for white wine is thin and yet often darke and not light through Distilled wine is thin in substance yet troubled and darke This signifieth in whole men if it be moderately perspicuous perfit digestion good humors abundance of naturall heat which at length doth separate and distinguish the hypostasis In sicke men if it be too cleare and saffron colour signifieth yellow choler unnaturall heate as in agues Weck More remisse or darker crude and white flegmatike and watry matter and signifieth cold crudity and continuance of the disease and the more coloured the better Cappivac 113. But in judgement of cleere and perspicuous urine in sicke persons we must alwaies consider how their urine was in their health For if it be the same urine that was in their health it signifieth no ill but if it change from lesse cleare to more cleare and in colour saffron then choler is augmented in white colour flegme and contrariwise Or that is darke troubled not light through through which one cannot see his knockles is not all one with thicke urine as Galen thought Salvian For fish-glew horne white of an egge oyle and glasse molten and blackish wine are thick in substance yet cleare perspicuous or light through Fern 450. 1. Hereof are three kindes whereof the first is darke accidentally by outward cold after it is made as by cold ayre cold water winter and this of all other is most thicke and darke and doth staine the Vrinall especially in the crowne or top with a certaine white clammy thin humor which being chasted at the fire or in warme water returneth to it selfe againe as it was made except it hath stood too long Cappivac 107. whereby the inward heate of the urine is wholly extinguished But that some urines more some lesse some sooner some later some scarcely at all waxe dreggy thicke troubled and darke is to be imputed to the impurity and want of heate in the urine it selfe and outward cold extinguishing the internall heate rarifying dispersing and drawing out the spirits and naturall heate of the urine which being dissolved the urine waxeth troubled thicke and darke Argent 47. and this hath small signification in judgement of urines saving in sharpe diseases it signifieth beginning of concoction Fernel 450. The other two kinds are darke when they are first made Dreggy urine and confused urine 2. Dreggy urine is whose substance of it selfe or by some internall mixture is thicke and such as come often from filthy and uncleane reines and this by chafing at the fire or other heate cannot be altered and made cleere and hath many meates flying floating and swimming in the urine which by standing settle down to the bottome and becommeth a thicke residence whereby the rest of the urine waxeth cleere And this is like to wine troubled with mixture of dregges such commeth from the reines or bladdder troubled with humors which urine bringeth forth with it new ulcer blood old ulcer rotten purulent and filthy matter Those which bee troubled with ache in their reines make usually such urines through blood matter or other filthy impurity Veines abounding with grosse humors which naturall heate can scarcely concoct and so some part is voided hereof rise long diseases head-aches present or to come and if it continue long lethargy or veternus Criticall evacuation suddenly made after long obstruction of the veines liver reines spleene in whole men after exercise in sick men in declination of diseases especially in long continuing agues as quartane and in diseases of the liver spleene and breaking sorth impostumes with ease of the patient Symptomaticall
evacuation of humors raw and superfluous from the veines spleene liver as in jaundice and so voiding with the urine being in colour red or yellow as in the beginning of continuall and intermitting agues 3. Confused urine is darke wherein no moats are perceived to swim or any other thing without distinction but the whole urine and every part thereof is all alike neither by standing setleth any residence or other thing to the bottome whereby it may waxe clearer and so continueth without alteration yea though it be chafed at the fire and in warme water and is like to wine which is changed and become dead with thunder or with age is waxed sowre or tart without clearenesse and brightnesse and this never riseth of diseases in the reines nor only of the inner parts but alwaies commeth from diseases of the veines neither doth it signifie abundance of raw humors but properly confusion putrefaction and corruption and that remedilesse malignam of the bloud and humors in the greater veines for putrefaction doth confound and shuffle all things together wherefore it is found onely in continuall dangerous and maligne agues By these I would have you to understand that such urine although it be not polluted with unclean reines doth not alwaies shew the state of the bloud and humors For oftentimes it is yellow thicke and troubled and yet the blood comming out of the veines by blood-letting is perfectly pure and red as it often chanceth in a quartane and tertian intermitting as also in the jaundice when superfluous choler doth ishue out of the liver and gall and other places and falleth into the veines and is not mixed with the blood but onely with the urine wherupon they are greatly deceived which in thick and red urine do presently command blood-letting as also it happeneth many times that the urine in colour substance and sediment is naturall and yet blood let out is faulty both in colour and substance such as are for the most part in the state vigor and before the critick day of continuall agues when the urines are perfectly concocted but the humor offending not at all moved and voided Fernel 451. 452. CHAP. IV. Of colours of Vrines COlours of urines are 21. which argue and shew crudity and concoction Crudity both darke white as milke white Lacteus as white of milke Horne-white Glaucus as the cleare part of a lanterne horne Gray Charopus blandus color like the white part of a mans naile next the joynt But Galen saith Charoppus is like the colour of Lyons eyes And light white Chrystalline Chrystallinus Snowie Niveus Watery Aqueus Concoction but little or somewhat lacking yet more then the former colours pale subpiceus subpalidus flaxen spiceus Perfect and absolute best palew or partly saffron subrufus subaureus subsulvus Lighter then crowne gold yellow as pure gold Aureus Actuar Fulvus rufus Citrinus All degrees of colours following after yellow doe signifie heate Sal. pag. 88. ex Avicon Exceeding the perfect and absolute concoction in these degrees in heate Salvian 88. 1. Light saffron subcroceus subflavus like water wherein bastard saffron is dissolved Saffron flavus croceus like to water wherein the flower of saffron is dissolved 2. Claret subrubeus palmeus like to bole armoniake Red rubeus puniceus as red blood cherries red apples saffron it selfe 3. Crimson purpureus vineus like blackish redde wine liver colour water wherein flesh new killed hath been washed Purple passeus cyaneus of the colour of raisons of the sunne cherries waxing blacke like wine boyled Salvian 81. Blew venetus fuscus caeruleus brunus blavus halfe white and halfe blacke mixed 4. Greene viridis porracius prassinus as leeke leaves emeraude coole-wort Oylie green oleaceus popinjay greene Ash colour colour of lead lividus plumbeus Blacke niger In colours of urines we must alwaies consider whether better succeed worse or contrary that so we may know the working of nature CHAP. V. Of substance and colour ioyntly together THinne substance joyned with colour white privately without mixture of humours as Snowe-water or Chrystall signifieth either crudity obstruction or conversion of the humor Crudity through decay of naturall heate and then the urine is made freely without paine which commeth either by Salv. 75. Resolution of cause externall great hunger long fasting or watching great exercise or labour which if they be all moderate the urine is all more coloured and thicker vid. cap. 1. under kinde of life So in old men which by age are melancholike and other cold conditions of the body Argent 25. some large evacuation Sowning Weck Or of cause internall as the ill quality of the humor offending maligne and pestilent with other evill signes Or else unnaturall heate overcoming the naturall heate as flesh seething in a pot being set in the sunne is lesse boiled the heate of the sunne drawing out the heate of the water Such heate is in the whole body in the beginning of diseases especially agues when unnaturall heate prevailing the humors are raw and not concoct and as in a consumption and lingring ague the moisture of the body is resolved and moulten which maketh the urine white Aegid. And in the reines and vessels of urine as in the pissing evill Diabetes when through unnaturall heate and strength of the attractive faculty of the reines urine is drawne too fast from the liver and stomacke before it can receive any substance and colour and the retentive and digestive faculties of the reines being feeble and the expulsive strong the urine is presently voided often and much whereupon followeth great thirst heate in the reines wasting of the body costivenesse and if the griefe continue death Aegid. Or suffocation and that either of cause externall as eating or drinking immoderately surfetting quaffing liberall feeding small exercise urine made shortly after meat and drinke received especially much or diuretike whereby the urine is made before it be concocted in great and large quantity without substance or colour Or of cause internall as multitude of humors offending nature smoothering and choaking the naturall heate as too much oyle extinguishing the Lampe and too great quantity of greene wood the fire as in all humorall diseases before concoction appeareth urine is white and thin but after as the matter is concoct and heate increaseth urines vary Wecker such as appeare in great cruditie of cold in children a mortall signe Salvian 24. Not a good signe in declination of a disease both for the substance and colour but either sheweth conversion of the humor another way or relapse and reciduation except the urine was made afore in great quantity for so it is a good signe 31. Holler Dropsie of cold distemperature of the liver at the beginning for afterward the matter increasing the urine waxeth thicker Apoplexy Falling evill with leadish darke and diverse colour Swimming in the head with a certain greenish colour Palsies Diseases of flegme want of appetite Diseases of melancholy of his cold
region And first of unnaturall and deformed contents in the sediment which are commonly reckoned fifteene 1. Popinjay greene or oyly sediment signifieth Colliquation of the whole body with paine an ague and pissed slowly by little and little or else collaquation of the reines or bladder onely with paine in the reines no ague and pissed fast 2. Spider webs or fatnesse swimming in the urine signifieth Consumption of the whole body with an ague Red vetches or fitches ervaceum orobeum signifie 1. Great inflammation of the liver 2. Colliquation of the whole body or of the reines onely with conditions as before in popinjay greene 4. Plates scales folium laminae squamae having bredth and length onely like scales of fishes especially a gogeon 1. Consumption or colliquation of the whole body with an ague slow pissing stinch and crudity in the rest All concurring together 2. Exulceration of the bladder pissed thicke and fast with stinke purulent matter paine and concoction Salvian 176. 3. Inflammation of the bladder or liver 5. Grosse and course branne Fursur 1. Consumption of the whole body with crudity and thin urine 2. Scabbednesse of the whole body without ague or other paine Hasfur or of the bladder onely with concoction no ague And paine of the bladder thicke and stinking an itch about the root of the yard and purulent matter was pissed before Salv. 175. 3. Great heate wasting the substance of the liver and burning the blood if the bran be red 6. Fine bran fine meale or flower simila puls {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} 1. Colliquation of the sollid parts if they be white 2. Extreame adustion of the blood if they be red and therefore long sicknesse Salvian 179. 3. Sharp sicknesse and for the most part mortall 4 Women with childe have fine meale or starch in the swimme or setling to the sediment of their urine like fine carded wooll the rest of the urine a little troubled and greenish or ash colour Fernel Looke motes in the sediment 7. Raw humor crudus humor clammy but not stinking like snevill of the nose or white of an egge 1. Exulceration of the reines and bladder without paine 2. Impostume or stone of the reins and bladder with paine 3. Multitude of raw humors somtimes causing an ague and appearing in the sediment signifie ache in the reins sciatica gout strangury tenasmus In the swimme crudity and windinesse in the stomacke with a noise and vomiting In the cloud griefe in the spirituall parts shortnesse of winde pursivenesse spitting of blood Hacfur Aegid. 4. Eating of meats hard to digest in sore labouring men Vass 74 75. 8. Rotten and purulent matter Matter of a sore pus stinking but not much clammy which when the urinall is shaken disperseth it selfe into fatty and oyly resolutions and signifieth 1. Exulceration of the reines without paine Fernel of the bladder with paine about the bladder Of the liver with paine under the right short ribs and doth not alwaies stinke liver putrefied if it be very dreggy Aegid. 69. 2. Inflammation or impostume of the lungs whose purulent matter passeth by the left cavity of the heart into the great artery and thence into the emulgent veins and so to the reines 3. Plurifie whose matter passeth as before As also by the veine without a fellow {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} rising on the right side of the hollow veine neere the heart and by the backbone nourishing eight ribs on either side and so to the midriffe and at length by divers turnings into the left emulgent veine and thence to the reine 4. Rhewme which if it be thick comming to the bladder it maketh difficulty in pissing by drops 5. Also the phrensie 6. or squinsie whose purulent matter of these three is conveyed through the jugular veines into the hollow vein and thence into the emulgent veines and so to the reines if there be paine and griefe in the lungs liver bladder in these griefes aforesaid otherwise if purulent matter be voided and no paine in these members it is certaine that nature voideth it rising of inflammations 7. or venerous and contagious flux of seed Fernel 9. Haires like pieces of flesh long slender and hairy poli carunculae filamenta onely in thicke urine Salvian 182. and signifie 1. Dissolution of the whole body with an ague colour oily or greene Hasfurt or of the reines onely without an ague the haires fatty and grosse and may bee felt betwixt the fingers like a small slender fleshy substance 2. Obstruction of the reins with grosse and clammy humors as in the strangury dysury pissing ill c. with nummednesse of that foot which is on the same side the reine is right left 3. Exulceration of the reines or bladder whence commeth purulent matter 4. Flux of seed after carnall copulation venerous pollutions on the night or filthy and exulcerate gonorrhea Fernel 5. Womens white flowers issuing or women having uncleane matrices Fern 10. Gravell sand Arenula sabulum red white or duskish browne signifieth 1. Stone breeding or dissolving either in the reines if the gravell be red yet sometimes white by filth inclosing the gravell Fernel and paine about the reines in the backe no ague and the gravell being taken out of the urinall and dried in a shadowie place are hard in touching Or in the bladder if the gravell be white and pain in the bladder about the share where the haire groweth Yet those men whose passages of urine are wide and open and expulsive faculty strong and making such sandy urine freely and without paine in good quantity are seldome troubled with the stone because their reines and bladder are hereby clensed and the gravell not suffered to stay so long to unite and gather together to make the stone but such gravell doth argue great heate of the liver or reines and abundance of raw and grosse humors fit to breed the stone if the passages of urine should be obstructed or expulsive faculty weakened Salv. For abundance of tough and viscous superfluities straitnesse of passage and weakenesse of the expulsive faculty are three especiall causes of the stone Aegid. But least the contents mixed with urine which for the most part come from the vessels of urine should deceive him that would rightly judge of other parts of the body I will repeat the whole cause and order of the effects from the beginning Red gravell come from the reines which being many and thicke doe threaten the stone of those growing together groweth a stone as big as a graine of millet or barley corne which being extruded out of the substance of the reines into a larger place doth make the urine thicke troubled red or blackish a forerunner of the disease of the reines the same being thrust into the head of the water pipe ureter causeth great paine and then the urine is white and thinne as in obstructions the same growing bigger
cannot be at leisure or else forget and so for a space their urine is wholly suppressed but in processe of time must needs have issue neither is it in mans free choyce alwaies to suppresse his urine though for a time he may For it is not simply a voluntary action as speaking and walking is c. but mixt partly voluntary partly naturall as cough neesing vomit belching sighing respiration c. whereto we refer evacuation by stool and urine c. but seeing this suppression of urine doth neither give signification of sicknesse nor health we leave further to speake of it Suppression of urine in sicke men is either because the 1. Vessels of urine are weake and not able either to draw the matter of urine or to expell it being made 2. Watery humor the materiall cause of urine is wanting as in want of drinke or moist meats 2. Or else is converted another way as in the dropsie Argenter laskes c. But in these cases the urine is rather little then none at all See little quantity of urine before cap. 6. 3. Or is obstructed and stopped that it cannot haue issue either by some tumor or inflamation accompanied with swelling paine an ague c. or of schirrous swelling without paine or ague or impostume with paine or an ague or lastly some fleshly substance descending from some ulcer with some blood and small fragments of flesh voiding with the urine and a syringe put up at the yard into the necke of the bladder and removing the fleshy fragments away the urine presently issueth or with the stone and then gravell was voided before or by clods of blood remaining after some issue of blood or by some purulent matter proceeding from an ulcer or lastly by some thicke and grosse humors or filth and corruption descending from the veines liver or other superiour members which suppression of urines in agues especially continuall signifieth death more certainly then any other signe in the urine In this case Argenterius scarcely ever knew any escape death unlesse the fault be in the reines or bladder Arg. 89. 4. Or when the bladder is so distended by too great quantity of urine too long kept that it cannot unburden it selfe thereof Wecker in Ischuria and therefore it is convenient to pisse as often as need requireth and not to keep it too long for thereof ariseth suppression of urine that we speake of and somtime the stone or difficulty in pissing and sometime the dropsie neither on the other side do I commend their practise who like dogs are still pissing for besides many other inconveniences they bring their vessels of urine to such an ill custome that in old age when the retentive faculty through want of heate decaying they can scarcely hold their urine but it will issue from them against their will But I wish all men to void their excrements both by stoole for being too long kept in the body they annoy the head by their stinking fume ascending breed ventosities wringing in the guts cholike c. and by urine that they may follow their ordinary course of life for therefore nature hath appointed muscles to the neck of the bladder and seat that men may at their pleasure detaine their excrements for some space Placotomus de tuenda valitudine 2. Sometime the greater guts are so obstructed through tough and viscous flegme that the meat and drink concocted in the stomacke cannot come to the liver to receive further concoction and separation of urine Holl. lib. 1. cap. 47. de morbis internis 4. Sometime the backebone is bruised broken or hath some dislocation in the joynts that thereby the vessels of urine cannot performe their duty Wecker CHAP. XII Of what parts of the body urine giveth signification VRine giveth signification of diseases of such parts of the body 1. Whence it receiveth matter wherof it is made colour substance contents darknesse perspecuity smell as the stomacke guts mesaraicall veines and all other parts of the body for the materiall cause of urine is drinke or other liquor which in the stomacke is accurately mixed and incorporated together with the meat and made one substance and white juice called of the physitians Chylas which descending into the winding capacity of the guts is separated partly into excrement and partly nourishment For the purer part thereof is sucked of the mesaraicall veines and conveyed thence to vena porta and at length to the liver where being converted into blood and the excrementitions parts thereof sequestred and sent to their proper receptacles as choler to the gall melancholy to the spleene and the watry thin part to the reines but not all for some part thereof together with the blood which it maketh thinner for more easie conveyance is distributed into every member of the body From whence so much as is not spent in the body or evaporated out by sweat or insensible perspiration returneth backe againe the same way to the liver whence it is drawn of the emulgent veines and descendeth to the reines and bladder Therefore urine is not onely made of that watery substance which is drawne from the liver but also from the greater and lesse veines and from the whole body As hee may easily and plainly perceive by experience who will for three or foure dayes together either receive no drinke at all or but little The urine therefore that is neither too thin by much quaffing nor otherwise polluted by mixture of other impurities doth manifestly shew the state and constitution of the humors which are in the liver and greater veines And also though not so manifestly in the smaller veines and all other parts of the body Fernel 2. Where it is made as the liver and the hollow veine 3. By which it passeth as the emulgent veines reines and water conduits 4. Wherein it stayeth as the bladder with his muscles and sinewes 5. By which it is expelled as the yard 6. Which doe deprive it of any colour substance perspecuity darkenesse quantity contents or smell as when it is not made or being made is not attracted or not expelled or obstructed and stopped in the vessels that it cannot have passage to be voided as by rumors grosse humors stone gravell inflammations ulcers impostumes flesh growing winde or through weaknesse distemperature fractures ruptures dislocations wounds of the vessels of urine either primary in themselves or by consent of others c. Or being made is converted another way as to the head in phrensies to the stomacke in vomitings to the belly in dropsies to the guts in lasks to the mother in fluxe of tearmes to the cods in ruptures to the joynts in sciatica gout to the parts weak grieved inflamed apostomated c. 7. Which doe exonerate themselves by urine as the head in rhewmes phrensies c. The throat in the squinsie the lungs in inflammations the solid parts in a consumption the spleene in melancholike diseases the veines or arteries broken in pissing of blood
cure of the muscle of the bladder for that being cut or wounded c. incurable First the humor offending must be removed and then the distemperature corrected the humor offending if it be heate must be removed by opening the liver veine in the right arme or by a gentle purgation of manna cassia tamarindes sirupe of roses solutine diasebesten and diaprunon but all without scammony and rather often to be used then much at once that thereby nature by little and little may be framed to void those humors by stoole which descend to the reines also a vomite stronger for to draw the humors from the reines and a sweat is not inconvenient to draw them to the skin and lastly to correct the distemperature and strengthen the parts use some of these cooling medicines as lettuce endive suckory forrell also decoctions and sirups of the same and besides of purslane roses violets and cooling meats and drinks For strong wines and which have power to provoke urine are not good Also a ceare-cloth applyed to the backe loynes and veines to coole them ceratum refrigerans unguentum rosaceum santalinam mesue But if the cause came of cold a vomit and sweat is likewise good also clysters wherein oyle of cammomill dill and bitter almonds must be used And now and then it is good to use pils of aloes and rheubarbe The diet must be of hote things and wherein some hot spices are put Lastly use of cupping glasses without incision friction of the outward parts and moderate exercise is convenient both because they heate the body as also draw the humor away from the inward parts And thus much briefly of these diseases not intending fully to handle the same FINIS THE TABLE A Ache in the backbone 85. Ache in the reines 22 61 71 90. Adustion of blood 40 56 60. Adustion of choler 39 64 84. Adustion of humors 40 64 87. Adustion of liver 67. Adustion of melancholy 40 64. Agitation of humors 72. Ague 11 13 19 35 36 40 43 51 52 59 62 90 99. Ague beginning 9 28 51. Ague burning 6 13 49 66. Ague continuing 22 66. Ague continuall 22 23. Ague dangerous 23 82. Ague intermitting 23. Ague lingring 28. Ague malignant 23 82. Ague of choler 78. Ague of the heate of the Sun 178. Ague quartane 22 24 43 52 64. Ague quotidian 33 40. Ague rotten 80 37. Ague semitertian 37. Ague sharp 43 47. Ague tertian 24 33 34 37 41 52 64. Agues mortall vide death Ague with a good signe vide signe Anasarca 46. Animall faculty recovered 85. Apoplexy 30 73 66 96. Apoplexy mortall vide death Appetite wanting 43 46. Appetite wanting with death 46. B Backbone pained 85. Bladder altered 40. Bladder exulcerated 15 61 59 65 66 68 69. Bladder too open 15. Bladder weake 66 69. Blood abounding 37 39 55 56 70 86. Blood adust 40 56 60. Blood cloddy 13. Blood good 90. Blood inflamed 96. Blood too thin 68. Blood turned into choler and evacuated 54. Bloody flixe 37. Braine mortified 83. Breast diseased 33. Breath short 40. Bruising 40 55 65 68. Businesse importunate C Canker 43. Carbuncle 43. Cassia eaten 42. Children pissing their beds 96. Choler 19 31 84. Choler abounding 34 37 54 81. Choler adust 39 64 84. Cholericke complexion 10. Cholericke diseases 51. Cholericke meats ibid. Cholicke 38 41 90 96. Cholicke mortall vide death Chronicall diseases 43 47 52. Cold 11 20 40 44 55 90. Cold mortifying 40. Cold of the liver 12 45. Cold of the stomacke ibid. Colliquation of the bladder 59 90. Colliquation of the reines ibid. Colliquation of the solide parts 60. Colliquation of the whole body 59 90. Colour of urines how they may be changed 110. Colour of urine of what it gives best signification 111. Complexion 9. Complexion cholericke 10. Complexion flegmaticke 9 33. Complexion melancholike 10 34. Complexion sanguine 10 68. Conception 72 42 60 63 74 75. Conception of male 72 73 75 76. Conception of female 72 73 75 76. Concoction 19 125 53 80 88 93. Concoction absolute best 25. Concoction beginning 21 32. Concoction exceeding the perfect 26. Concoction second weake 56. Concoction strong 56 57. Confusion 23. Consumption 28 34 37 55 59. Consumption of the lungs 32 41. Consumption of the reines 55. Consumption of the whole body 55 41 47 49. 60. Consumption mortall vide death Contents in urine of what they give best signification 111. Conversion of the humor 14 17 32 51 79 99. Conversion of the humor to the belly 14 49. Conversion of the humor to the braine 14 17 32. Conversion of the humor to the breast 79. Conversion of the humor to the cods 14 49. Conversion of the humor to the emeraudes 49. Conversion of the humor to the fret 49. Conversion of the humor to the guts 14 49. Conversion of the humor to the joynts 14. Conversion of the humor to the liver 14. Conversion of the humor to the lower parts 49. Conversion of the humor to the parts grieved 14 51. Conversion of the humor to the parts inflamed ibid. Conversion of the humor to the parts weakned ibid. Conversion of the humor to the pores of the skin 14 49. Conversion of the humor to the reines 14 Conversion of the humor to the spleene 32. Conversion of the humor to the short ribs 14 32 79. Conversion of the humor to the stomacke 14 64. Conversion of the humor to the whole body 14 49. Convulsion 42 44 47 96. Corruption 23 51. Cough 39. Cramp 37. Cramp mortall vide death Criticall evacuation 10 22 42 46 68 90 93. Criticall fluxe of bloud at the nose 97. Crudity 11 12 16 18 20 29 51 52 53 58 59 61 86 93. Crudity mortall vide death D Death in agues 90. Death in agues burning 40. Death in agues hote ibid. Death in agues maligne 82. Death in agues sharp 43 47. Death in agues teatian and quotidian 16. Death in agues when urine is suppressed 95. Death in apoplexies 37. Death in appetite wanting 46. Death in children 7 12 29. Death in cholickes 38. Death in consumptions 32 47. Death in cramps 37. Death in diseases beginning 16 88. Death in diseases chronicall 47. Death in diseases sharp 12 60 90. Death in dropsies 37. Death in epilepsies ibid. Death in exulcerations of the lungs 32. Death in flixes 37 46. Death in frensies 32. Death in iliakes 37. Death in laskes 37 46. Death in old men 37 39 81. Death in paulsies 37. Death in the pissing evill 28. Death in the ptisike 37. Death in small pocks 68. Death in springals 7. Death in stranguries 41. Death in suppression of urines in agues 99. Death of cold 40 43 55 84 90. Death of heate 40 44 55. Death of weakenesse in old men 37 39. 81. Disease and heate striving in the veines 97. Disease and nature equall in conflict 82. Diseases beginning 12 28. Diseases declining 29. Diseases continuing 13 16 32 20 36 55 82. Diseases comming again look recidivation Diseases
internall whereof they all arise 109. Diseases of choler 66. Diseases of flegme 30. Diseases of melancholy 30 66. Diseases of the breast 33. Diseases of the liuer 22 23. Diseases of the lungs 86. Diseases of the mother 30 73. Diseases of the spleene 33 22 43 71 68. Diseases of the veines 23. Diseases sharp 43. 33. Diseases mortall vide death Discenteries 14. Dissolution of the reines 63. Dissolution of the whole body ibid. Distemperature of heate 34 46. Distemperature of humors 34 Distemperature of blood 34 Drinking too much 29 45 51 52. Drinking too little 48. Dropsie 13 30 35 37 41 46 99. Dropsie mortall vide death E Eating dry meats 48. Eating immoderately 29 Eating of turpentine 90. Eating of strong smelling things 92. Emeraudes 14 51 66 71. Epilepsie 37. Epilepsie mortall vide death Evacuation 28 Evacuation criticall 10 22 43 46 68 90 93. Evacuation symptomaticall 22 43 46. Exercise great 28 50 40. Exercisesmall 29. Exulceration mortall vide death F Falling evill 53 71 83 99. Fasting 50. Feare 96. Felons 13. Fistula 66. Flixes 34 37 46 49. Flixes mortall vide death Flegme abounding 20 34 81 86. Flegmatike complexion 9 33. Flegmatike diseases 36. Flowers issuing 63. Flowers stopped 43 71 85. Fluxe of seed 35 62 63 66 93. French pockes 66 70 71. Frensie 13 32 33 62 84. Frensies mortall vid. death G Gall obstructed 38. Gall inflamed 38. Gout 14 16 30 66 72 90. Gluttony 12. Gravell vide sand H Head cold and dry 83. Head affected 89. Head weake 88. Head-ache 36 80 82 83 87 89. Head-ache present 22. Head-ache to come 22. Head-ache by abundance of choler blood or melancholy 83. Health impaired 18 33. Health 32 39 40 50 49 78. Heate naturall plentuous 19 47 81. Heate naturall wanting 18 27 56 57. Heate naturall extinct 16 40 54 87. Heate unnaturall 16 19 28 37 55 81 87. Heate natuall in the liver 47. Heate natuall in the reines 28 47 66. Heate natuall in the vessels of urine 28. Heate natuall in the whole body 28. Heate mortall 40. vide death Humors abounding 18. Humors adust 40 66. Humors clammy 13. Humors good 19. Humors moved 60. Humor flegmaticke abounding 20 34 81 86. Humor offending maligne 28. Humor raw abounding 34 57 61 86 90. Humor thin 85. Hunger 28 51. Hydrocele 14 49. I Iaundice 23 86 90. Iaundice yellow 39. Iaundice blacke 40. Iaundice blacke with a good signe 40. Iliake 38. Iliake mortall vide death Inflammations 5. Inflammations of the gall 38. Inflammations of the liver 38 59. Inflammations of the bladder 59 48. Inflammations of the water-conduits 48. Inflammations of the spleene 38. Impostumes 13 27 31 49 51 39 95. Impostumes breaking 22 35. Impostumes of the lungs 62. Iudgement of urines how to bee given 107 108 109 110 111. L Labour 28 33 38 40. Laskes 14 37 46 49 51. Laskes mortall Leprosie 66. Lethargy 22. Liver cold 12 47. Liver diseased 22 33. Liver exulcerated 61. Liver hot 47 66 69. Liver obstructed 13 55. Liver pained 96 69. Liver weakned 37 55 68. Loynes bruised 36. Loosenesse 14. Lungs diseased 86. M Madnesse 42 43 81. Matter adust 87 Matter tough 87 Measils 13 49 72. Melancholy 39 42. Melancholy adust 40. Melancholy indigested 30. Melancholy evacuated 55. Melancholike complexion 10 83 34. Mother diseased 30 73. N Nature weakned 16. Nephresie 13. O Obstructions 51 96. Obstructions of the bladder 58 Obstructions of the emulgent veins 58 Obstructions of the gall 38. Obstructions mortall vide death Obstructions of the liver 13 30 38 55. Obstructions of the reines 13 30 58 Obstructions of the veines 13. Obstructions of the vessels of urine 13 30 58 96. Oyle drunken 90. P Paine in the joynts 66. Paine of the heart 90. Paine of the liver 90. Paine of the middle-parts 90. Paine of the spleene 90. Paulsie 30 37 48 71 96. Paulsie mortall vide death Perfuming 91. Pissing evill 26 47 63 97. Pissing what motion 97. Plague 72 94. Pleurisie 62. Pocks french 66 78 72. Pocks small 53 49 33 68. Pocks mortall vide death Pose 43. Pthisicke 37 90. Pthisicke mortall 37. Purgations 49. Purgations by stoole 51 by vomit ibid. Pursines 6â— 91. Putrefaction 23 92. Putrefaction of the humors liver solide parts spleene veines 94. Q Quartane ague 22 24 43 52 64. Quotidian ague 33 50. R Recidivarion 13 30 37 Reines affected 36. bruised 36. distempered 96. exulcerated 15 22 61 63 66 93 96. fretted 37 65. hot 28 47 66. obstructed 13 31 63. too open 15. too weake 12 69. troubled with humors 22. with ach 22 66 71. uncleane 15 68. Rhewme 62 72 89. S Sand 23 63. Sanguine complexion 10 68. Scabbednesse of the bladder 60. Scabbednesse of the body 60. Sciatica 17 14 61. Scirrous humors of the spleene 38. Seed abounding 70. flowing 35 62 63 66 63. sharp 70. virulent 70. waterish 70. Semitertian 73. Separation of raw humors 35. Sicknesse continuing 60 88. ending 34. sharp 60. Signe best in an urine to judge by 110. Signe evill in beginning of sicknes 18 56. Signe evill in a thicke substance 56 41. Signe evill in ash colour 40. Signe evill in the cloud of the urine 80. Signe good in agues 55. Signe good in agues ending 35. Signe good in the cloud of urines 80. Signe good in jaundice blacke 40. Signe good in state of a disease 33 16. Signe good in sicknes declining 56 88. Smell of urine whereof it gives best signification 110. Squinsie 62. Slimy moisture 31. Spermatike vessels slippery 71. Spermatike vessels weake 71. Spleene diseased 22 33 42 71 94. Spleene pained 90. Stomacke cold 12 47. raw 61. windy ibid. Suppression of urine of what it gives best signification 110. Stone 13 35 37 43 48 63 64 65 66 63 96 99. Stone in the bladder 43 61 64 66 68. Stone in the reines 43 61 63 68. Strangury 40 61 63 93 95. Strangury mortall vide death Surfetting 12 29. Sweat much 48 50. Swimming in the head 30. T Tenasmus 61. Tertian 24 33 34 37. 41 52 68. Thirst 99. Tongue scorched 42. Turpentine eaten 90. V Veines abounding with grosse humors 22. broken 36 55 68 96. diseased 23. obstructed 13 31. orifice opened 67. thin and full of pores 68. too open 36. too weake 67 96. widened 36 68. Veternus 22. Vlcers 9. Vpbraidings 13. Vomiting of blood 70 Vrine of which part it gives signification 101 102 103. Vrine how it is made in the body ibid. Vrine conduits obstructed 13 30 58 96. Vrine instruments exulcerated 35. Vrine vessels benummed Vrine vessels exulcerated 17 61 56 65 66. Vrine vessels to open 15. Vrine vessels to weake 12 48 98. Vrine staying too long in the body 37. W Want of matter 50 57. Wasting of the body 28. Watching 27 33 39 50 81. Weaknes of the body 37. Weaknes of the head 88. Windines 54 78 80 83 85 90. Y Yard too open 15. Yard exulcerated 15. FINIS The urinal Physitian Vrine 1. Collection Things which hinder judgement Principall differences of the urin Lesse principall differences The best urine simply The best urine in respect of age Sexe Time of the yeare Kâ—nde of Life Complexion Thin substance Obstruction Crudity Conclusion of the humor Thick substance Mean substance Cleare urine Dark urine Crudity Crudity through suffocation Obstruction CoÌ„version of the humors Milk white Pale flaxen Palew yellow citrine Light saffroÌ„ saffron Thicke substance White Milk white Horne white Claret Red like cherries Crimson Purple Blew Greene alone Green oyly Ash colour Blacke A generall note Much quantity Little quantity Meane quantity Contents wanting for five causes Contents sometimes good and somtimes ill White Pale SaffroÌ„ c. Bloody Blew Greene Blacke Meane Thicke Thin Much Little Meane Popinjay greene Spider webs Red vetches Plates scales Thin Fine meale Raw humor Rotten matter Haires or filaments Cravell sand A profitable history of the stone A grâ—vell note against such sand Wormes Blood clods of blood Seed Dust Motes Divers opinions about womens conception Whether male or female Contents in the middle region or swimme Cloud White Red Blacke White cloud Smoake Leadish Greene Saffron White Claret Flaxen Yellow Crowne trembling Fome froth bubbles Externall cause Internall cause Diverse White Saffron Leadish Blacke Much Little Thicke Thin Time of appearance Granula Ampullae Spume foame Note Drops of oyle or fat Spider-webs No smell Sweet smell Ill or stinking smell Putrefaction of humors Putrefaction of solid parts Note Painefull pissing Involuntary pissing Suppression of urine in sicke men Concoct urine Crude urine Vrin crude and dangerous Considerations fit for practise Three causes of internall diseases Which difference of urine is to bee preferred in certainty of signification and wherein Smell Suppression Colours Contents How the urine altereth in diseases How the colour altereth How the substance altereth How the contents alter
the spermatike vessels in fluxe of seed the mother in tearmes suppressed and voided by urine the hemorrhoidall veins in the emeraudes the joynts in the sciatica or gout and diverse other parts of the body in evacuation criticall symptomaticall or artificiall Of all these you may finde severall examples in this treatise precedent CHAP. XIII Of crude concoct and dangerous urines BEcause mention is often made heretofore of crude concoct and dangerous urines as also that they be very needfull to be known perfectly alwayes had in memory seeing they comprehend in few words the sum of all that hath heretofore bin spoken I thought good in the end to adde the description thereof Concoct urine such as men onely make who are in some latitude of health is in colour palew light saffron substance meane contents equall white light smell not stinking pissing in due time without paine heate cold Crude urines onely Such as men make inclining to sicknes or recovering after sicknesse is in colour white pale saffron claret substance thicker thinner contents whitish pale somewhat unequall smell not much stinking pissing not in due time Vrines meane betwixt crude and concoct are of two sorts 1. For either they encline more to concoct Such as have a good colour but thin substance Also a white and light sediment but not equall 2. Or else they encline more to crude Such as have reddish colour like to water wherein raw flesh hath been washed which are made of blood not perfectly concoct Vrine Crude and dangerous such as men make who are grievously sicke and in danger not to recover is in colour greene ash colour blacke substance very thin very thicke oyly contents greene ash colour oyly blacke very unequall deformed smell very stinging pissing altogether out of due time Or not at all B. Holler 270. Cappivaâ— 195. CHAP. XIV Of methodicall practise in iudgement of Vrines BEfore you give judgement of the urine it is needfull that you meditate with your selfe on these precepts following in order 1. Remember the generall considerations in the first chapter both concerning the urinall and the urine As also which be the best urines simply and in respect of age sexe complexion time of the yeare kinde of life c. which you may have so perfectly in memory that you can presently tell how farre that urine which is brought unto you differeth from a good urine in colour substance contents c. 2. Whether the urine be altered by some externall cause mentioned in the first chapter and throughout the booke or else through default of the reines and bladder by which the urine passeth For these two impediments either severall or concurring hinder the judgement of the inner parts Fernel 443. 3. Consider what diseases are incident to the countrey where the patient dwelleth or what common disease is their stirrings as for example if the patient be an old man and in winter rainy weather and in a moist and fennish countrey it can hardly be otherwise but that he is troubled with a cough rhewme pose and lacke of digestion and the rather if he be given to surfetting much drinking and bee of a flegmatike complexion and heretofore troubled with rhewmatike diseases But contrariwise if hee be a young man and cholerike in the middle of summer hote weather hote climate after hote diet and immoderate exercise it is very likely that he is troubled with a burning ague tertian flixe or pluresie to which of these he is most subject or which at that time is most stirring in that countrey After this sort you may judge of other diseases without helpe of the urine 4. If the urine be faulty and yet neither through externall cause nor of the reines then it must needs shew some distemperature of the inward parts heart liver spleene lungs veines or other part of the body Which distemperature is either simple without mixture of humors which colour of the urine in thin substance will shew or with mixture of humors in a thicke and troubled substance or else putrefaction in a confused urine Which three be the internall causes almost of all diseases whereby you have already attained no small knowledge what to doe or what evacuation is convenient for the cure of the disease although you cannot as yet particularly understand the same Fernel 5. Of all differences of urines colour is most mutable and uncertaine of signification as being subject to many alterations of light cause As by much drinking thin drinke as water white wine or by eating of hote spices sena cassia c. yea in one day every urine that a man maketh is unlike an other in colour so that here especially the infamy that urine is a lying strumpet hath some appearance of truth Contrariwise the contents of urine are of most certaine and true signification of all other and least subject to alteration for that they are either fragments of the parts of the body or contained in the parts Of these Hippocrates and Galen especially make mention not greatly regarding the rest The other differences of urine substance perspecuity darknesse quantity smell c. are of meane signification betwixt colour and contents And yet every difference hath speciall signification above the rest in some diseases for stinking smell of urines giveth more perfit signification of putrefaction ulcers or impostumes then either colour substance or contents Suppression of urine in agues especially continuall giveth more certaine signification of death then thin substance ill colour or want of contents for these shew one crudity which in time is curable but the other happeneth through great obstructions of the reines liver or other superiour member which at that time are incurable Colours of urine collected in due time from an orderly patient giveth better signification of the humor loffending in the body then any other Lastâ—y contents issuing with the urine doe especially signifie strength of nature which in time will prevaile against the disease For when the digestive faculty is weake the matter whereof contents arise cannot be overcome and prepared to be voided So that every difference of urine hath some speciall signification above the rest Arg. 89. 6. Also you must often see the patients urine on divers daies and divers times of his sicknes and diligently marke the perseverance or alteration of the urine from time to time and whether it change from worse to better or otherwise For as the patient recovereth nature proceedeth orderly and by degrees from unperfect to perfect from sicknesse to health and so by little and little changeth the urine first the colour which is easiest secondly it waxeth cleerer thirdly the substance waxeth meane betwixt thin and thicke fourthly when concoction is stronger contents appeare And therefore if contents appeare first before colour cleernesse or substance there is the lesse security of health because this is not the orderly course of nature but some symptomaticall