we must not only be possest of an unshaken Firmness and Resolution but be furnish'd with constant Supplies of Grace for Chastity in Youth is a sort of Martyrdom or as a Father of the Church terms it Martyrium sine sanguine This Consideration obliges me to advise all unmarry'd Persons to abstain entirely from the Pleasures that are propos'd to them by this Passion provided their ordinary Food be not too Juicy and provocative such as new-laid Eggs Capons Partridges Woodcocks Pigeons Artichokes Asparagus Celery all sorts of Salt and Pepper'd Meats as also some kinds of Pulse because of their Windiness as Pease and Beans and therefore such Persons must content themselves with less Nourishing Food and cool their Bodies more or less according to their Age and Constitutions which they may do very easily by consulting their Physicians for otherwise they may by abstaining entirely from the Pleasures of Love render themselves obnoxious to many Diseases as Stoppage of Urine the Gravel Stone Vapours Faintings the Jaundice and Green-Sickness 'T is certain that an excessive use of the Pleasures of Love is more dangerous than an entire abstinence from them for the Ebullition of the Blood ending sooner or later with Age the Passions are extinguish'd with it and the Calm we enjoy after the Storm makes us soon forget all the Pain we suffer'd to resist it whereas the Inconveniencies that remain after the immoderate use of those Pleasures such as the trembling of the Nerves Palsie Shortness of Breath Phthisis Gout c. make us pay very dear in a long and infirm Old Age for the transitory Charms we enjoy'd and the frivolous Amusements of our Youth What has been said may suffice to give us an Idea of the remote Causes of Diseases and therefore in the next place we must proceed to consider their more immediate Causes CHAP. IV. Of the Redundancy or too great Abundance of Blood the first immediate Cause of Diseases THE Blood which is the Treasure of Life when it exceeds either in Quantity or Quality may prove the Cause of Death when there is more than a sufficient quantity of it in the Body which we call a Plethora or a fulness of Blood or when it hath acquired some bad Quality which we call Cacochymia or a depravation of the Humours Bleeding destroys or removes the former and Purging the latter We may easily comprehend how Diseases may be occasion'd meerly by the Quantity of the Blood if we reflect upon the Disposition of the Organs which contain and convey the Blood and conduce to its Motion In order to this we may compare the Veins and Arteries of our Bodies to the Pipes of a Fountain the first of which or those that are next the Spring-head are very big and large but grow insensibly smaller as they spread themselves into Branches supposing for Example that the first gives passage to a Foot of Water and that the last do not give passage to above an Inch. The same Observations may be apply'd to the Blood-Vessels The Arteries which proceed from the Heart are very large and are divided into others of a middle bigness these again are divided into smaller Branches which are successively subdivided till they become so small that they are usually call'd Capillarie or Hair-like and Invisible And in all parts of the Body where these invisible Arteries are found they meet with very small Veins which grow larger as they meet and join with one another and return at length to the Heart where they terminate and are as large as the Arteries at their coming out of the Heart Now the Blood flows thro' all those Pipes and the Heart directs its Motion as a Conduit-Maker directs that of the Water in the Pipes of the Fountain And as it often happens that the Water-Pipes are either stopt or broken when a Body that is Bulky enough to fill up the Passage enters with the Water or a greater quantity of Water than they can contain so the Blood-Vessels are frequently obstructed and sometimes broken when the Liquor they contain is either redundant or thicker than it ought to be from whence proceed Fevers Ebullitions of the Blood Abscesses or Impostumes both in the inward Parts and upon the Surface of the Body Bleeding at the Nose and other Parts Apoplexies Suffocating Defluxions and Obstructions of the Intrals which make way for an infinite Number of Diseases But if the Abundance of Blood may be look'd upon as the Cause of so many Distempers 't is certain that the depravation of it may produce a far greater Number of more stubborn and dangerous Diseases CHAP. V. Of the Depravation of the Blood consider'd as an immediate Cause of Diseases occasion'd by the retaining of the Excrements in the Body SINCE the retaining of the Excrements in the great Guts is that which most frequently makes the Blood lose that good Disposition in which our Health consists and occasions a Cacochymia which we have already intimated to be the Cause of the most stubborn Diseases 't will be convenient to give the Reader a comprehensive View of this fatal Source of Distempers The Meat which we eat receives its first Change in the Mouth by the help of the Teeth which are as it were small natural Knives to mince it and of the Spittle which may not improperly be said to serve instead of Salt to help its Concoction From the Mouth 't is carry'd through a long Chanel which Anatomists call the Oesaphagus or Gullet into a spacious Cavity call'd the Stomach where either by a proper and peculiar Vertue belonging to that Part or by the help of an Acid or some other Ferment which it meets with there 't is chang'd into a liquid and greyish Substance which they call Chyle Then continuing its Journey downwards it goes out of the Stomach by its inferiour Orifice and slips into the upper part of the Intestines to the several Parts of which Anatomists have given different Names according to certain Remarks and Observations they have made upon these Parts The first part which in the dissection of several Animals they found to be about twelve Inches long is call'd the Duodenum that which follows which some pretend is not so full as the rest is term'd the Jejunum that which consists of most Folds is call'd the Ileon and so of the rest The greatest part of this Intestine is fasten'd about a Part which by reason of its Folds or Plaits resembles those Ruffs that were formerly worn about the Neck and is call'd the Mesentery Its Figure renders it very apt to retain in a small space a considerable part of this Intestine which is variously wound or twisted about its Folds 'T is in this part of the Intestines that the most useful part of the Chyle insinuates it self into the Mouths of certain Vessels call'd the Lactean or Milky which run along between the Membranes of the Mesentery And the grosser Particles which cannot enter into the Branches of those Vessels
continuing their Course descend from that part of the Intestines which is fix'd to the Mesentery and enter into the great Guts where they are stopt This being premis'd I proceed to shew that the remaining part of the Chyle which is properly an Excrement after its entry into the great Guts infecteth the Blood by its too long continuance in that part witâ— a Cacochymia which as I intimated before iâ— the immediate Cause of most of our Indispositions For since the Excrements are unfit for Nourishment and are of no use in the great Guts they cannot continue there long without Corruption Now there can be nâ— Corruption of any Matter without Fermertation by which some subtil Particles aâ—â— loosen'd and separated from the corrupteâ— Matter which meeting with a Porous Substance are easily disperst thro' it by the iâ—petuosity of their Motion Thus the Cacchymia is at last communicated to the Hâ—mours for the Excrements that remain loâ—â— in the great Guts are fermented after whicâ— the Subtil Particles that are separated by thâ— Fermentation striking against the Sides 〈◊〉 Coats of the Guts find the Pores of thâ—â—â— Vessels which surround them fit to receivâ— them and slipping into those Passages communicate their Corruption to the Blood thâ—â— circulates thro' those Vessels which coâ—tinuing for a considerable time they infâ—â—â— the whole Mass of Blood and this Infâ—ction proves the Source of many Diseases It may by objected that it does not seem probable that the Excrements shou'd be corrupted by remaining in the Body since it has been observ'd that those which have remain'd long in the Body are not so stinking as those that have lain there only so long as they ought to do naturally that Stench is the most certain Mark of Corruption and that consequently the longer they stay they ought to stink the more if they corrupted proportionably to the time of their continuance in the Guts But the reason why the Excrements stink less when they have remain'd long in the Guts is because their Humidity is dissipated by the continu'd Action of the Heat for the moist Particles being rarify'd and subtiliz'd by the Heat exhale from the Mass of the Excrements and finding as I observ'd before the Pores of the Vessels which environ the great Guts disposed to receive 'em they slip into these small Passages and produce an Alteration in all the Blood that passes that way which makes it degenerate from its natural State and therefore it will not follow that the Excrements which are retain'd are exempted from Corruption because their Smell is not so offensive but that the Heat having consum'd all the Moisture that was on their Surface and having dry'd or rather burnt it up they cannot be suppos'd to yield so noisome a Smell as before those Steams were exhal'd The same Alteration may be observ'd in a Heap of Dung which after it has been long expos'd to the Sun casts forth no bad smell provided it be not mov'd or agitated but if it be turn'd or mov'd to the Bottom it will smoak and cast forth a more noisome smell than when it was first brought to the Dunghil After the same manner the Excrements that have remain'd long in the Body are dry'd up in their Surface and are scarce offensive to the Smelâ— when expell'd naturally but when they are agitated by the Bile as in a Diaâ—rhoea or Loosness their Stench is insupportable It may further be objected that the Veiâ—â— and Arteries which environ the great Guts are so inconsiderable that 't is hard to conceivâ— how that little quantity of Blood which passâ—â— thro' them can spoil the whole Mass because thâ— small Portion of Blood being forthwith carryâ—â— back from those Vessels into the Trunk 〈◊〉 the Vena Porta is freed from all its impurties and even supposing that there remainâ— some ill quality in it it may be presumâ—â— that so small a quantity of ill Blood passiâ—â— from the Roots of the Vena Porta into thâ— Vena Cava and from thence to the Heart 〈◊〉 so at last mingling with all the Blood of 〈◊〉 Body can no more corrupt the whole Maâ—â— than a Glass of Water thrown into a Hogsheâ—â— of Wine can weaken that Spirituous Liquoâ— For a satisfactory Answer to this Objection we must examine whether the Liver is able to purge the Blood of all its Impurities now 't is certain that the Liver alone is not able to perform so great a Task since the Spleen Reins and other parts are appointed for the same use and since the Liver serves properly to purge the Blood only from the Bile It will not then follow when the Blood is infected with corrupt Particles that slip into the Vessels which environ the great Guts that in its passage thro' the Liver it throws off all its Infection upon that Entral because that Part being only proper to separate the Bile 't is probable that the Corpuscles which insinuated themselves into the Vessels of the Intestines being of another Figure than those of the Bile may pass thro' the Liver with the rest of the Blood without any Stoppage or Separation In the second place we must consider whether the small quantity of bad Blood which passes thro' the minute Vessels of the Gut Colon is able to communicate its ill qualities to all the Blood of the Body To this second Difficulty I answer that since the Blood circulates thro' the whole Body 't is plain that a great quantity must pass in one Day thro' the smallest Vessels and consequently that the Fermentation of the Excrements which are not unfrequently retain'd eight Days and sometimes longer in the great Guts giving occasion during all that time to a continual Efflux of Subtil Particles which are receiv'd into the Pores of the Vessels of that Intestine may in many Circulations corrupt so large a quantity of Blood that it may in a short time infect the whole Mass And by the same Hypothesis we may give a Natural and Satisfactory Account how the venomous Particles that are darted by a poysonous Insect into one of the Capillary Vessels and that even in the Extremities of the Body may in less than an Hour spread their Infection thro' the whole Mass of the Blood CHAP. VI. Of the Cure or Removal of the First immediate Cause of Diseases by lessening the Quantity of the Blood THERE are two general ways by which we may lessen the quantity of Blood viz. by preventing its Increase and by evacuating with all convenient speed what is already generated And to answer these Indications there are two great Remedies viz. Fasting and Bleeding We may have recourse to the first when we perceive some inconsiderable Symptoms of Diseases that proceed from the excessive quantity of the Blood in which case we may content our selves with a very regular Diet which tho' it has not so quick an Operation as Bleeding at last it produces the same Effect and that without occasioning any remarkable weakness for Abstinence hindering the
production of new Blood does for the same reason occasion a dissipation of part of that which is already generated and consequently answers both the Indications that were propos'd But if the Disease requires a speedy Cure which cannot be perform'd by Abstinence as it oftentimes happens we must have recourse to Bleeding which by a present Evacuation of the Blood destroys the Cause of the approaching Disease ' Twou'd be ridiculous to object that Bleeding causes greater Alterations in the Body than Abstinence or a thin Diet that it occasions a sudden dissipation of the Spirits and consequently is attended with a much greater decay of Strength for that Loss will be much sooner and more easily repair'd than the Disorders that are occasion'd by Diseases CHAP. VII Of the ways to remove the Second immediate Cause of Diseases occasion'd by the too long continuance of the Excrements in the Cavities of the great Guts ' THO the Excrements that are retain'd in the great Guts are meer Impurities and extremely prejudicial to Health yet we must proceed with Caution in the means we use to expel them We must not begin with the quickest ways because they occasion great Disorders in the Body and it has been too often observ'd that inconsiderable Distempers have been exasperated and confirm'd by an over-hasty Cure and therefore gentle Remedies are both safest and most successful Instinct has furnish'd Animals with two sure and effectual Expedients to procure the expulsion of the Excrements that are retain'd in the Cavities of the great Guts viz. Clysters and Purgative Potions which 't is probable Men began to use when they observed the great Advantages which Animals receiv'd from them Bleeding and Abstinence which second the Effects of the former Remedies are also Lessons which Men owe to the Brutes and these four Expedients acting either jointly or separately are the safest and most effectual Means that can be made use of to hinder the stoppage of the Excrements in the great Guts and consequently to prevent the Diseases which proceed from such Obstructions It is easie to conceive how Abstinence or a regular Diet may contribute to the Evacuation of the Excrements if we consider that those Excrements are the remainders of our Nourishment That the more we eat and drink the more Excrements are bred in those Parts so that the Evacuation of those Excrements wou'd be an endless Work if the empty'd Guts were presently fill'd with the superfluities of a greedy Stomach But in the mean time a Diet which is only prescrib'd for prevention ought not to be so regular or thin as that which is enjoyn'd to sick Persons It is known that too nice or sparing a Diet is prejudicial to Health and is so far from assisting Nature in the Evacuation of the Excrements that it renders her unable to expel ' em Besides the Liquor which serves to dissolve the Food not finding Matter to work upon acts upon the parts that contain and receive it by drying and consuming them It may be further added that a Man who takes Physick only for prevention does not abstain from Labour and Exercise and therefore stands in need of Nourishment to repair the expence of his Spirits Wherefore to prevent Diseases one ought only to fast moderately at the same time he ought to avoid as much as he can eating in Company because People are usually wont to eat a little more than is necessary and besides he ought to chuse such Aliments as will leave but few Excrements in the Body and especially he must take care never to eat to satiety The second Expedient we propos'd to facilitate the Passage of the Excrements is Bleeding which is doubtless one of the best Methods that Nature cou'd suggest to Animals for it is certain that besides that there is no Remedy which depends more absolutely upon the Pleasure of the Person who either orders or performs it so there is none which in most Cases gives more speedy relief to the Patient Every Surgeon knows how useful Bleeding is to put a stop to Defluxions and the falling down of Humours which are always apt to fall upon wounded Parts how effectual it is to dissolve large Tumours with which Wounds are frequently accompany'd how powerfully it stops the inordinate Flux of Blood in the Wounds of the Vessels and both Surgeons and Midwives know how helpful it is to facilitate so difficult a Work Our Business at present is to enquire how it may contribute to the Expulsion of the Excrements out of the Cavities of the great Guts The Expulsion of the Excrements retain'd in the Cavities of the great Guts is perform'd chiefly by the Contraction of its moving Fibres assisted by those of the Muscles of the lower Belly and by the continual Inspiration which obliges the Diaphragma to press all the Guts All these Actions are perform'd by means of the Animal Spirits which upon such Occasions flow plentifully to the Parts which are the Organs of these Actions Now these Spirits are continually dissipated and that expence must be repair'd by the Blood of which they are compos'd provided there be a reasonable quantity in the Vessels which are appointed to contain it for when there is a Redundancy of Blood the Spirits are as it were suffocated and drown'd in the abundance of their Matter so that the best Office we can do to Nature on such Occasions is by Bleeding to reduce the Mass of Blood to a moderate quantity in order to ease her of an unnecessary Burthen which obstructs the liberty of her Actions Bleeding ought always to precede Purgations when both these Remedies are indicated by the signs of a Redundancy excessive Heat or Corruption of the Blood For we find by Experience that Purgatives operate both more gently and effectually when the Vessels are empty'd and the excessive heat of the Blood allay'd and its Depravation corrected by Bleeding 'T is further observable that we ought rather to bleed early in the Morning than at any other Hour of the Day and that when we are oblig'd to have recourse to this Remedy in very hot Weather we ought to be let Blood before the Rising or after the Setting of the Sun and in very cold Weather at Noon But in the general we ought to avoid Bleeding as much as we can when the Season is either excessively hot or cold for 't is certain that Bleeding is always attended with better Success when these Cautions are observ'd than when they are neglected With respect to the Age of the Patient we ought to bleed Infants less frequently and to take less Blood from them than from other Persons because a great part of their Blood is consum'd in the Nourishment and Growth of their Body in all its Dimensions So that from six Weeks or two Months after the birth of an Infant which is the time at which we may begin to let him Blood if there be a pressing Occasion to the Age of five or six Years I wou'd not take
Life But when one is naturally of an ill Constitution he loses his Health as often as he neglects the Admonitions of his Instinct and consequently must lead a very troublsome and uneasie Life CHAP. I. Of the principal Causes of Diseases in the general THERE are four Causes of Diseases viz. two remote which are Melancholy or Vexation and Debauchery and two immediate which are an excess of Blood and the too long continuance of the Excrements in the great Guts Of Melancholy The first remote Cause of Diseases Of the bad Effects which it produces both in the Body and Mind and of its Remedies THere are very few Persons who are not acquainted with Melancholy either by Reason or Experience since the Life of Man is a continual Revolution of Prosperity and Adversity and the Oppositions betwixt those two Conditions excite in us contrary Motions and very different Passions That Tranquillity of Mind which accompanies good Fortune is very proper to preserve the Health for tho' the Mind and the Body are of a different Nature yet they have an Affinity which keep 'em in such Dependance one to the other that there is nothing regularly done in the whole Composition unless it be carry'd on by an equal Combination of the two Parts All our Actions are perform'd by the assistance of the Vital and Animal Spirits and 't is their Commerce which maintains that perfect Union between the Heart and the Brain which are the principal Organs of the Body For 't is plain that the Brain cannot produce the Animal Spirits unless the subtil parts of the Blood be convey'd thither through the Arteries and that the Heart which is a Muscle hath not power by its continual Motion to diffuse the Blood through the whole Body but by the assistance of the Animal Spirits Now when the Mind is serene and undisturb'd that all the Parts may be sensible of her Impressions she furnishes 'em with a sufficient quantity of Spirits to enable 'em to perform their respective Actions But on the other hand when the Mind is agitated with a Croud of dismal Apprehensions that give Entrance to Grief and Melancholy she is perpetually ruminating on the Causes of her Disasters and endeavouring with all imaginable Application to remove 'em which must needs occasion a vast expence of Spirits So that all the Animal Spirits which are generated in the Brain are scarce able to supply those Parts which are subservient to the designs of the Soul in the performance of those hasty Motions she requires from 'em and consequently since so large a quantity of the Spirits flows into the Nerves that are bestow'd upon those Parts there are but few left for the other Nerves Now the Parts which help to change or digest the Aliments and are subservient to all the Actions which are call'd Natural being of no use to the Passions 't is plain that the Nerves which go to those Parts receive but few Spirits from the Brain and consequently that their Fibres are very weakly mov'd and their Actions disorderly and irregular so that the Excrements can hardly be expell'd and their too long continuance in the Guts is the immediate Cause of Diseases We may add that the great dissipation of the Animal Spirits when the Soul is vex'd and disturb'd is the occasion that a greater quantity of Blood than usual is sent from the Heart to the Brain to make up the Loss of those Spirits and consequently the Nourishment of all the other Parts is both much lessen'd and chang'd as to its quality For 't is always the best part of the Blood that runs to the Brain and the Body is depriv'd of its best Nourishment particularly the Membranous Parts which are weakned and dry'd up for want of fit Matter to preserve them and this Inconveniency reaching the Intestines as well as all the other Parts 't is certain that they cannot expel the Excrements with vigour by their Vermicular or Peristaltick Motion being depriv'd of the Animal Spirits by whose Assistance they were moved We also see that those who are naturally of a melancholy and peevish Humour who apply themselves to study or to other Employments which require much application are usually lean and subject to be often Costive and commonly fancy themselves to be extremely sick before they have the least disposition or tendency to Sickness What ought to be done in order to prevent the Effects of Grief or Melancholy ALL Diseases as well of the Body as of the Mind may be cured either perfectly or imperfectly A perfect Cure consists in the entire destruction of all the Causes of the Disease which must necessarily cease when the Causes are remov'd Sublatâ causâ tollitur effectus This sort of Cure is call'd cradicative Grief is not only a Disease of the Body but 't is one of the most considerable Distempers that can possibly afflict the Mind It cannot be always cur'd by an entire removal of its Causes since they are not always in our power and the best Reasons that can be alledged to persuade a Man to raise himself by the Strength of his Mind above the reach of Ill Fortune may serve indeed for a fine Amusement to a contemplative Genius but are rarely able to allay the torment of an afflicted Mind For as it is easie for those on whom Fortune smiles to comfort the Miserable so it is hard for those who are in trouble not to feel the weight of their Misfortunes As for Example if a Man was entirely ruin'd or reduc'd to extreme want by a litigious Action enter'd against him by his Enemies a grave Philosopher might indeed admonish him that the Estate he had lost was transitory and perishable and that he ought not to have settl'd his Affections on it neither as a Man because he shou'd have consider'd that he must have left it sooner or later nor as a Christian because as such he ought not to look upon such fleeting Enjoyments as his Portion but upon those which are Everlasting These are certain and undoubted Truths but wou'd not in all probability quiet the Mind of a Person in such Circumstances or make him forget his Loss And 't is no less certain that the Recovery of his Estate wou'd be the most effectual Expedient to restore the Tranquility of his Mind Grief may be also occasion'd by many other Causes which are no less without our power and beyond the reach of Medicines than the former But that which seems to be peculiar to this troublesome Distemper is that whereas other Distempers are commonly cur'd by things that are contrary to 'em that which is contrary to this commonly augments rather than abates the Distemper For a Man who is drowned in Sorrow is incapable of taking Pleasure in any thing and Joy which is opposite to his Grief is so far from easing him that he cannot endure to perceive the least appearance of it in another ' Twou'd be needless then to attempt the Cure by endeavouring
away more than from three to six Ounces of Blood From six to ten or twelve Years you may take six or eight Ounces From twelve to fifteen and so to fifty you must observe the Signs of Repletion and the Strength of the Patient and accordingly you may take away from nine to twelve or fifteen Ounces of Blood After fifty Years of Age we must be more cautious and moderate both as to the frequency of Bleeding and the quantity of Blood we take away for fear of causing too great a dissipation of the Spirits which from that Age to extreme old Age are daily decaying both in Quantity and Quality The visible Signs of a Redundancy of Blood in the Vessels are the large or frequent Evacuations of it by the Nose or other parts of the Body the swelling or distension of the Veins Boils Pimples or other Eruptions frequent Ebullitions or Flushings towards the Skin Erysipela's Inflammations of the Eyes and Throat a continual desire to Sleep and a Weariness and Heaviness of the whole Body not occasion'd by any Labour or violent Exercise When you perceive all or most of those Symptoms and when they continue for some time you must immediately open a Vein and take away a large quantity of Blood for the superfluous Blood which is not employ'd in the Nourishment of the Body if it be not evacuated will soon putrefy and occasion a Fever Obstructions in the small Passages of the Intestines or an Accumulation of Humours in some part of the Body In fine that we may make right use of Bleeding we ought to consider how the Patient usually bears it for those who undergo it easily may be let Blood oftener and more plentifully than those who cannot bear it without trouble and difficulty Thus one who commonly finds himself weak or faint after Bleeding ought rather to Bleed twice and in small quantities than to put himself in danger of fainting or swooning away by a large Evacuation For 't is certain that Fainting and Swooning do extremely disturb the whole Oeconomy of the Body notwithstanding the ridiculous Opinion of those who imagine that Bleeding can never be effectual unless it be continu'd till the Patient faint away Bleeding without necessity that is when there is no Superfluity to be voided no excess of Heat to be allay'd and no Putrefaction to be corrected robs Nature of the pure Blood which is necessary for the Nourishment of the Body and the production of Spirits which are the principal Instruments of the Soul in all its Actions 'T is plain from hence that after such unnecessary Evacuations Nature acts slowly and feebly that the Entrails are heated and that all the Parts are dry'd up which makes way for a long Train of Diseases It is not therefore pertinent to use Remedies at all times for the preservation of our Health But 't is necessary before we take 'em that our Instinct shall let us know the necessity of 'em by the presages of some future Distemper CHAP. VIII Of the Signs by which Instinct makes every particular Person foresee most of his Diseases THE most usual Symptoms of an approaching Distemper are a Weariness and Heaviness of all the Body without having been fatigu'd by any violent Exercises A Yellowness all over the Body An Erysipela or Ulceration all over the Skin The Itch or Scab Boils or Inflammations in divers parts A sudden pining away or leanness of all the Body and of the Face Wandering and frequent Rheumatical Pains accompany'd with irregular Shiverings An almost continual desire to Sleep but chiefly after Eating or on the other hand want of Sleep or an interruption of Sleep by frightful Dreams and vain Fears An unaccountable Dulness and Melancholy which will not give way to any sort of Pleasure Nocturnal Sweating Frequent Pains of the Head Vertigo's and a Numness of the Part when one puts on his Hat A Redness all over the Face A languishing and sinking or an unusual shining of the Eyes a Tincture of Yellow or Black on the Eye-lids Bleeding at the Nose or any other Part of the Body A Singing or Hissing Noise in the Ears Redness or Dryness of the Cheeks and Lips Yawning and involuntary Sighs Little Whitish Ulcers on the Palate and in all the inside of the Mouth The Clamminess or Foulness of the Tongue Dryness of the Throat especially in the Morning unless the excess of the foregoing Day be the cause of it Kernels about the Ears Necks and Arm-Pits and painful Tumours in the Groyne Stinking Breath not proceeding from any Corruption of the Teeth or from any Ulcer or Impostume in the Mouth Loss of Appetite or a rising of the Stomach against Meat Vomitting of sweet bitter or salt Water especially in a Morning Rheums or Defluxions a Cough and Difficulty of Breathing without a sharp Pain of the Breast but rather proceeding from Oppression or Stoppage The Distension and Swelling of the Belly with a Noise and Griping in the Guts and small Loosenesses which return frequently A Hardness and Heaviness in the Stomach as if it were a great Stone and a troublesome Sensation as if the Belly were squeez'd with a Cross-Bar Piles or Emerods of long continuance and painful Great Heat in the Palms of the Hands A Swelling of the Veins in the Face and in all the Extremities of the Body All these Symptoms and many others of which every one may have had Experience are so many signs to give us notice that our Health is in danger of yielding to the Insults of a Disease if we do not take care to support it The Inquiry wou'd be more curious than necessary to examine for what Reasons those Symptoms give us notice of approaching Distempers for as it is sufficient for a Pilot to have a Needle touch'd with a Load-Stone and to know that it turns always towards a certain Pole without being oblig'd to know the natural Cause of so surprizing a Phaenomenon so 't is also enough for any Body to know that the signs of which we have spoken are so many Fore-runners of Distempers without troubling himself to examine particularly why every one of these Symptoms is an effect of this general Cause wherefore we are forewarn'd sometimes by some of them and sometimes by others sometimes by one alone and sometimes by many But it being generally known that one or many of 'em or this and that Symptom are certain Marks of a Depravation of the Health we may chuse either to wait till the Disease appears and afterwards cure it with difficulty or to prevent it easily before it is form'd Now 't is most certain that a Man shou'd rather be his own Physician while the Disease is yet unform'd than to wait till it appear that he may avoid fallling into those Extremities to which it may reduce the stoutest Heart by excess of Pain impatient uneasiness under the Cure and perpetual fear of Death From this Principle we may infer that 't is not only unnecessary but
even dangerous to take Physick when we are not troubl'd with any of those Symptoms because nothing that is able to cause an Alteration in the Body can be taken without making some Impression on it either good or bad For Example the Food which we take in too great a quantity or which is of hard Digestion engenders a great quantity of Crudities and Excrements which are as we have already intimated the Cause of most Diseases Purgative Medicines taken without necessity drive the useful Liquors or Juices towards the places where they are expell'd and not finding any that are superfluous or deprav'd weakens the Fibres of the Intestines Veins and Arteries by unnecessary Irritations and produces an unusual Heat in the whole Body When we are forewarn'd of Diseases either the Symptoms are many and pressing or few and inconsiderable When they are many and our Instinct seems to redouble its Admonitions we must lose no time but without having regard either to the Season of the Year the Age of the Moon or the Temperature of the Air take such Physick as we think necessary to preserve us from falling into any Disease But if these Symptoms are but small and few in Number since we know by Experience that Purgatives work more mildly and easily in a Temperate Season as in the Spring and Harvest than during the excessive Heat of the Summer and great Cold of the Winter when the Moon is in her Wane or Declination than during her Increase in Dry rather than Moist Weather and that they weaken the Body much more in the Dog-Days the Solstices and Equinoxes than at other times we may defer the use of Physick for some Days that we may take it at a time when all those Circumstances or most of them will be in a condition to make it succeed the better 'T is commonly believ'd that only weak and sickly Persons ought to take care to preserve their Health that those who are of a strong or healthy Constitution ought not to trouble themselves about it because Nature can in strong Bodies remove and destroy by its own Force the Causes of all their Distempers and because Physick disturbs the Oeconomy of our Body much more than it is of use to support it since we see by Experience that most of those imaginary sick Persons who spend all their time in the Preservation of their Health die sooner than those who never have recourse to Physick but when they are absolutely forc'd thereto by some pressing Distemper I know that it is dangerous to be too fond of Medicines that is either to take too much or too often but I may venture to affirm that there is no Man let him be never so strong and healthy but has sometimes need of the help of Physick for as the best Water in the World leaves always some Dregs in the Pipes thro' which it passes which gathering insensibly Obliges those who stand in need of the Water to cleanse the Pipes and to hinder their being quite stopt so it is certain that the best Blood that can be imagin'd to flow in a perfectly sound Body will leave some Dregs and Filth in the Vessels thro' which it passes to all the Parts of the Body And these Dregs gathering by degrees in the Vessels hinders the free Motion of the Blood the interruption of which occasions those premonitory Disorders which we call Presages of Instinct and in this Case 't is plain we ought to take Physick to prevent Sickness For it happens at last that most of those obstinate People who despise all sorts of Remedies under pretext of the healthiness of their Constitution are attack'd with Diseases which are so much the more troublesome and dangerous as their Health seem'd to be perfect so that oftentimes their Aversion to Physick costs 'em their Life And tho' they escape they must expect to suffer all the Incommodities of a tedious languishing Distemper and will never be able to recover what they have lost CHAP. IX Of Clysters and Medicines AS for the way of purging by Clysters 't is certain that they may be us'd at all times when we find any Symptoms of the Stoppage or retention of the Excrements in the great Guts for it being impossible to make these Injections ascend higher than the Intestine call'd Caecum because of the Obstacles they meet with there they cannot be suppos'd to occasion a great Irritation in that Passage whose Structure is not so sine as that of the small Guts unless they be impregnated with very violent Purgatives We must not make the taking of Clysters a setl'd Practice or Custom as many People do who wou'd fansie themselves sick if they shou'd omit 'em two Days for the too frequent use of Clysters makes Nature lazy and the laziness of Nature is the fatal Cause of many Diseases Yet I will not pretend to censure those who bleed and purge constantly in the Spring and in Autumn especially if they be young vigorous and of a full Body if they eat much or live a sedentary Life without Motion or Exercise or if they are already habituated to that Custom for it is certain that many Diseases may be prevented by this means and that one exposeth himself almost infallibly to very dangerous Distempers by interrupting this practice after he has once accustom'd himself thereto It may also be proper to take Physick after a long Journey or extraordinary Labour and to conclude we ought always to purge once a Year if our Instinct discovers any Symptoms of a future Disease for thereby we may prevent the great Collection of Excrements in the great Guts where they are always apt to stick unless they be expell'd by the irritation occasion'd by purging Remedies CHAP. X. Of the way of using Medicines in Order to the Preservation of Health SINCE Health is no less preserv'd by the right use of Meat and Drink than by Medicines that are able to remove the Causes of our Distempers the Reader must remember what we hinted about Diet that we must avoid all manner of Excess and abstain from all sorts of crude Aliments and such as are apt either to make the Belly too loose or too costive that every Man is able to make a right choice and Judgment of the Medicines that are most proper for him and that after he has found some that are agreeable to those Rules he ought to prefer them before any Remedies that may be recommended to him by others I will not repeat what I have already said about Diet or the use of Aliments which do not deserve the Name of Medicines but briefly consider the two general ways of attaining to Health viz. Bleeding and Purging And since I have also deliver'd my Opinion concerning Bleeding and the Rules that ought to be observ'd in that case I shall content my self with referring the Reader to what I have already said on that Subject and only treat of the use of Laxatives or Purging Medicines ' Tho'
great Guts they can only facilitate the Evacuation of the Excrements that are retain'd in those Intestines whereas when they are taken inwardly they not only cause the same Irritations in all the Parts which they touch and consequently by augmenting their Natural Motion hasten the expulsion of the Matter which they contain but many of their Particles mingle with the Chyle in the Vessels which carry it to the Heart in which as well as in the Arteries they excite divers Fermentations that promote the separation of the different Particles of the Blood in the several Parts of the Body where they are usually separated from its Mass according to the disposition that each of those Remedies has to put certain parts of the Blood in Motion rather than others Thus we may observe that a visible Fermentation or Ebullition is produc'd in certain Liquors when they are mix'd with other Fluids that are dispos'd to put 'em in Motion whereas they remain undisturb'd when they are mixt with others And from the Operation of Purgatives on different parts of the Blood there arises a distinction of Names For Example some are call'd simply Purgatives which are again divided into Hydragogues Cholagogues Melanagogues and Phlegmagogues or Medicines that purge Watery Humours Choler Melancholy and Phlegm Others are call'd Emeties Sudorifics Errhines c. Now those Names are very fitly impos'd either with respect to the Parts of the Body thro' which they procure the Evacuations or to the parts of the Blood which they are particularly apt to put in Motion From hence we may observe that all those Remedies are endu'd with one common Property that is to excite a Motion in the Blood and that their different ways of Operating proceed only from the different Figure or Contexture of their Parts for by reason of their peculiar Configuration they are more easily admitted into certain parts of the Body than into others and by the Irritation they occasion in the Parts they promote the Separation which is perform'd there of some particular Excrements from the Blood And upon this Score we may reasonably say that they are proper to purge such and such Parts as for Example such as are proper to purge the Liver we call Hepatics and those that are peculiarly adapted to the Spleen are term'd Splenetics Besides according to the various situation or contexture of their Parts they are disposed to agitate Certain Particles of the Blood to which they unite sooner than to others And upon this account we may say that such a Medicine is proper to purge such a Humour This Observation is confirm'd by Experience particularly what relates to Hydragogues or Medicines that purge Watery Humours for the Evacuation of Serosities is much more sensible than that of the other Particles which compose the Blood because that which the Purgative drives into the Intestines whether it be separated by the Glands of their inward Membrane or squeez'd out of the Biliary and Pancreatic Ducts being mixt with the Slime and Excrements which it finds in the Intestines it is very hard to determine what Humour hath been chiefly wrought upon or expell'd by the Purgative Medicine CHAP. XII Of the Purgatives that ought to be used for the preventing of Diseases PVRGATION by Stool ought to be preferr'd before all other Evacuations because 't is the most natural and ordinary way and that which best answers the design we ought to have in order to the removal of the Cause of Diseases speedily to expel the Excrements that are stopt in the great Guts and to correct the ill Quality of the Blood which is the Consequence thereof Nevertheless Emetics or Vomits may be useful to some Persons when they are troubl'd with an inclination to Vomit such as those who have a strong and large Breast And others may profitably use Sudorifics namely those who are Choleric and whose Pores are very open Diuretics or Medicines that provoke Urine are proper for those who feel a heaviness and heat in their Kidneys such as are subject to the Gravel live unmarried and abstain from the use of Women Some may make use of such as occasion Spitting and others of those which expel the Excrements by the Nose Those who have a weak Breast and wet Brain may find benefit by the use of these Remedies provided they have no Polypus or other Impediment in the Nostrils In a Word every Man ought to be directed by his own Experience and either have recourse to or abstain from such sorts of Evacuations according to the good or bad Effects which he finds they produce upon him For Example a Person who is apt to Vomit without any considerable trouble when he finds his Stomach over-charg'd will receive greater benefit by a Vomit than by ordinary Purgations whereas those who cannot Vomit without an unusual disturbance ought rather to use Simple Laxatives least the Fibres of the Stomach be weaken'd by such over-violent Motions Others who labour under Faintness or Weariness provided they be not naturally too dry or lean will find themselves eased if after Bleeding they take a Medicine to procure a moderate Sweat The People in the Levant by this means prevent a great number of Diseases Those who are troubl'd with Pains in their Kidneys and whose Urine is of a high Colour or thick may after the use of cooling Remedies have recourse to Medicines that provoke Urine either alone or mixed with Laxatives Those who are naturally inclin'd to Spitting and have a moist Brain may both prevent and cure their Distempers by raising a Salivation by the use of Remedies that are proper to produce that Effect In fine every Man ought to consult his own Experience and study the Constitution of his Body and afterwards use those Remedies which he finds to be most useful and agreeable to him There is one important Rule to be observ'd in the administring of all those Remedies and that is To begin always with the gentlest and most simple It is certain that when we use Remedies meerly for prevention we ought to be our own Physicians for since the bare Presages or Signs of a future Disease cannot be suppos'd to have depriv'd us of the use of our Reason we may chuse those Medicines which upon trial have formerly succeeded and which cannot be so well known by a Stranger as by our selves Besides it ought to be observ'd that there is nothing more various or uncertain than the Operation of Purgatives on Humane Bodies Some Persons are violently purg'd by weak Medicines when a stronger Remedy wou'd not produce the least effect upon 'em There are others on whom mild Physick will not work at all and even the strongest Medicines are scarce effectual On the other hand some are so easily purg'd that a Decoction of Herbs will suffice and to others half an Hours Conversation in an Apothecary's Shop Some are purg'd by Strawberries Cherries Gooseberries Peaches Pears c. Some by sour Milk fresh Pork c. and others by
Stomach is drawn downwards by such a Load of Excrements if we consider that the unusual weight that hangs like a Clog upon the Stomach may be reasonably suppos'd to produce the same Effect upon it as if it were fill'd with a hearty Meal So when we advise a Man in that condition to take Physick our design is not to evacuate the remainder of his Meat since we suppose he has fasted for some Days but to procure the evacuation of those Impurities which being insensibly stopt and gather'd in those parts wou'd otherwise occasion those Disorders in the Body of which I have already discours'd OBJECT III. ONE that is troubl'd with a Looseness will perhaps be extremely surpriz'd when he is order'd to take a Clyster or a purging Medicine and will be ready to look upon that advice as a sure way to encrease his Distemper which in his opinion has purg'd him but too thoroughly already without the assistance of Physick This Objection will appear as groundless as either of the former if it be consider'd that a Looseness is usually either the effect of Indigestion in which case it ceases after some time and hardly requires the use of Remedies or 't is a sign that the Excrements are stopt in the great Guts and then if there be a copious Evacuation we must recruit Nature and repair her decay'd Vigour by good Nourishment taken in small Quantities On the other hand if the flux be inconsiderable or if the Patient be frequently troubl'd with a desire to go to Stool without voiding any thing since 't is evident from thence that the Motion of the Intestines is not sufficient to expel those Impurities that cause such frequent Irritations we must in the first place by the use of Clysters endeavour to dissolve that corrupt and biting Matter and afterwards when the Irritation ceases we must take some Purgative Medicine to expel the remainder of that excrementitious Matter that may be lodg'd in some places which the Clysters cou'd not reach OBJECT IV. Against Bleeding 'T IS the usual Cant of those who are profest Enemies to Bleeding that the Blood is the Treasure of Life and consequently that we ought rather to furnish the enfeebl'd Patient with a fresh supply of that precious Liquor than to rob him of what he is already possest of But I must beg those Gentlemen's leave to put 'em in mind that the Blood can never deserve so noble a Title if it be either deprav'd or redundant For if it exceeds either in Quantity or Quality it is so far from preserving our Health that it exposes us to the most dangerous Distempers As our Life is manifestly endanger'd when too large a quantity of Blood is lost so it is secur'd and supported when a moderate quantity of impure and corrupt Blood is taken away however it must be acknowledg'd that this Evacuation ought always to be perform'd with a great deal of Caution according to the Age and Strength of the Patient the Nature of his Disease and the Seasons of the Year And therefore those who are desirous to be their own Physicians ought to try seveveral Remedies and to make choice of such as produce the same Effects upon them which in the foregoing Chapters are ascrib'd to safe and useful Remedies A TREATISE OF Particular Remedies THE PREFACE WHen I form'd the Design of publishing the preceding Treatise I did not intend to have added a Collection of particular Remedies because I look'd upon that as a Subject that had been sufficiently handl'd and even almost wholly exhausted by so many Authors who have compos'd entire Volumes of this Nature But since I have been desir'd by several Persons whom I wou'd not willingly disoblige to compleat my Vndertaking by subjoining an account of such Remedies as I had observ'd to be most esteem'd and found to be most useful and effectual I cou'd not deny 'em so small a Favour And that I might render my Performance in this kind more serviceable to the Public I thought fit to add some short Reflexions according to the variety of the Subject A TREATISE CONTAINING An Account of the most Simple Remedies and such as are most frequently used for the curing of several Diseases Of Medicines in General MEDICINES or Remedies are mix'd Bodies which being taken by the Mouth if they are Internal or applied outwardly if External serve to restore our Health by altering the bad Disposition of our Bodies They differ both from our usual Food and from Poyson the first of which preserves and supports our Health and the latter destroys it We ought not to have recourse to Purgatives unless the Intestines be stuff'd with clammy and thick Humours or the Mass of the Blood be full of salt or bulky Particles that hinder its Circulation which may be known by a Hardness or Swelling of the Belly Drowsiness Weariness c. 'T is expedient to make use of Clysters some Days before Purgation that the purging Medicine not meeting with any Obstacles may operate more strongly and quickly and occasion less disturbance in the Body An Ounce or an Ounce and a half of extracted Cassia dissolv'd in a Glass of Whey or mixed with an equal quantity of compound Syrup of Apples moistens and cools the Body loosens the thick Humours that are lodg'd in the Breast and helps one to Spit freely Feeble and weak Persons such as those who are extremely lean whom we usually call Phthisical or Consumptive as also Women with Child may be safely purg'd with an Ounce or two of Manna taken in Veal or Chicken-Broath When we design to purge scour and wash away the slimy Matter that sticks in the Intestines we may profitably use the Juice of Roses from one Ounce to two And 't is also a good Remedy for a Looseness Rhubarb taken in Substance from half a Dram to a Dram purges Choler helps those that are troubl'd with a Looseness and serves to kill Worms It may be also us'd by way of Infusion from a Dram to half an Ounce according to the Age and Strength of the Patient To evacuate Hydropical Humours or bring down Women's Monthly Courses we may use the Root of Briony from half a Dram to a Dram or its Juice to half an Ounce I will not speak of Agaric Scammony Jalap Mirabolans and Mechoacan because they operate too violently nor will I trouble the Reader with an Account of Chymical Medicines which ought not to be used but with a great deal of Precaution nor without the Advice of a Physician Of Diuretics DIureticks serve to augment the serosity or fluidity of the Blood to agitate the Serous and coagulate the Fibrous Part and to retard the Course of the Humours We ought never to use them without an antecedent preparation of the Body by Purgation least the gross Particles which they agitate and drive towards the Reins shou'd breed an Obstruction in those Parts and occasion a stoppage of Urine River-Water Mineral-Waters and White-Wine are the
THE ART OF Preserving and Restoring HEALTH Explaining the Nature and Causes of the Distempers that afflict Mankind Also shewing That every Man is or may be his own best Physician To which is added A Treatise of the most Simple and Effectual Remedies for the Diseases of Men and Women Written in French by M. Flamand M. D. and faithfully translated into English LONDON Printed for R. Bently in Covent-Garden H. Bonwick in St. Paul's Church-yard and S. Manship at the Ship in Cornhill 1697. THE French Author's PREFACE I Shall have all the Reason in the World to complain of the Injustice of the Public if my Charitable Design in Publishing this little Treatise be look'd upon as an effect of my Vanity or an Arrogant Undertaking to prescribe Rules to Physicians I am sensible of the vast acknowledgments we owe for the daily and important discoveries they make in that useful Art and that they do not stand in need of any Light to direct 'em but what they acquire by their own Experience and Studies I never entertain'd a Thought of controverting the just Right they are possess'd of to give Laws to the rest of Mankind nor was ever guilty of the least Intention to disswade my Readers from following the Instructions of their lawful Guides My only Design was to serve the Necessities of those who tho' they are not profess'd Physicians are nevertheless Masters of a sufficient Stock of Sense and Judgment and are neither too scrupulously fond nor unreasonably negligent of their Health for 't is eertain that the two opposite Extremities are equally to be avoided upon all Occasions I hope I shall easily obtain pardon for retaining some Terms of Art when the Subject cou'd not be distinctly handl'd without 'em especially since I have always taken care to explain ' em I never intended to court any Approbation but that of the Candid Reader and I shall think my self abundantly recompens'd for all my Labour if there be any thing found in my Book that may deserve it A TABLE OF THE Principal Matters Contain'd in the following Treatise THE Art of Preserving Health and Preventing Diseases by Instinct assisted by the Light of Reason Page 1 OBSERVATION I. That Man is endu'd with Instinct Ib. The Definition of Instinct according to the Ancient Philosophers Ibid. Of the Nature of Instinct according to des Cartes and other Modern Philosophers 2 The Doctrine of Instinct confirm'd by Reason and Experience Ibid. Cato the Censor was Physician to himself and to his whole Family 3 Montaigne relates the same of his Ancestors tho' he was a profest Admirer of Medicine 4 That Man may be assisted by Reason in the choice of proper Remedies 5 That a Man cannot make use of a better Physician than himself Ibid. OBSERVATION II. Of the Temperaments or Constitutions of Bodies and of the Causes of Diseases in general 6 Of the Nine sorts of Temperaments according to the Doctrine and Definitions of the Schools Ibid. That the Knowledge of the Temperaments serves to discover the Inclinations of Men and the Distempers to which they are subject 7 That there are two sorts of Persons the one strong and healthy the other Feeble and Tender 8 CHAP I. Of the principal Causes of Diseases in the general Ibid. That there are Four Causes of Diseases two remote and two more immediate Ibid. Of Melancholy The first remote Cause of Diseases Of the bad Effects it produces both in the Body and Mind and of the Remedies that may be us'd against it 9 What ought to be done in order to prevent the Effects of Vexation and Melancholy 12 That there are two sorts of Cures the one perfect or eradicative and the other imperfect or palliative Ibid. That Melancholy is a Distemper both of the Mind and of the Body Ibid. The Cure of Melancholy or Vexation 14 Of Debauchery or Intemperance The Second remote Cause of Diseases 15 CHAP. II. Of Excess in Eating and Drinking Ibid. How Distempers are occasion'd by Excess in Eating and Drinking Ibid. Rules to be observ'd with respect to Eating and Drinking by those that are in Health 17 The Signs of good and wholsome Food or Nourishment Ibid. CHAP. III. Of the immoderate Vse of the Pleasures of Love 18 That the immoderate use of Amorous Enjoyments is prejudicial to health and for what reason Ibid. What ought to be done by such as live single in order to subdue their lustful Inclinations 19 20 Of the Diseases that may be occasion'd by a rigorous abstinence from the Pleasures of Love when care is not taken to prevent 'em by the use of cooling and opening Medicines Ibid. That the excessive use of those Pleasures is more dangerous than an entire abstinence from 'em and for what reason 20 CHAP. IV. Of the quantity or abundance of the Blood the first immediate Cause of Diseases 21 How Diseases may be occasion'd meerly by the quantity or abundance of the Blood 22 An account of the Distempers that proceed from the Redundancy of the Blood 23 CHAP. V Of the Depravation of the Blood consider'd as an immediate Cause of Diseases occasion'd by the retaining of the Excrements in the Body 24 How the Digestion of the Aliments is perform'd by the Stomach Ibid. How a Cacochymy or ill dispositition of the Blood is produc'd 26 Two Objections answer'd 27 28 The Excrements compar'd to a heap of Dung 28 That the Liver alone is not able to free the Blood from all its Impurities and for what reason 29 How that little quantity of Blood that passes thro' the small Vessels of the Gut Colon may infect the whole Mass of the Blood Ibid. CHAP. VI. Of the Cure or Removal of the First immediate Cause of Diseases by lessening the Quantity of the Blood 30 Two ways to lessen the quantity of the Blood Abstinence or a spare diet and Bleeding Ibid. How the quantity of the Blood is lessen'd by Abstinence and in what Cases this Method is most proper 31 Of Bleeding and when we shou'd have recourse to it Ibid. CHAP. VII Of the ways to remove the Second immediate Cause of Diseases occasion'd by the too long continuance of the Excrements in the Cavities of the great Guts 32 Four ways with which Animals are inspir'd by Instinct to hasten the Expulsion of the Excrements 32 c. Diet is the first Expedient that contributes to the Evacuation of the Excrements 33 The ill consequences of an irregular Diet Ibid. What use ought to be made of this Expedient in order to prevent Distempers 34 Bleeding is the second way to facilitate the voiding of Excrements that are too long retain'd Ibid. The Vsefulness of Bleeding in Defluxions Wounds Child-birth c. Ibid. How Bleeding promotes the Expulsion of the Excrements 35 That Bleeding ought to precede the use of purging Medicines and for what reason Ibid. Of the most proper times for Bleeding 36 Of the Rules that are to be observed in order to make a right use of Bleeding 37 38.
mildest opening Medicines we have The Five great opening Roots viz. Asparagus Fennel Parsley Smallage and Butcher's-Broom provoke Urine and even sometimes procure Sweating but I shou'd rather chuse to make use of those which are call'd the lesser opening Roots because they do not occasion so great an agitation in the Blood and consequently open a freer Passage to the Serous and Saline Particles Those Roots are Dogs-Grass Capers Eringo Madder and Rest-harrow You may prepare a Decoction of 'em adding if you please a sufficient quantity of Sal Prunellae A Spoonful of the Juice of Roses in a little Spanish Wine or in two or three Spoonfuls of Brandy is also a very good Remedy for the Colic occasion'd by the Pain of the Kidneys A Simple Bath of lukewarm Water is Diuretical because it dilates the Passages of the Urine and augments the Serosity of the Blood Of Emeticks or Vomits VOmitting is a contraction of the Fibres of the Stomach by which the Matter contain'd in that Part is forc'd upwards thro' the Oesophagus or Gullet Emeticks may be profitably used when the Stomach is burden'd with ill-digested Food or full of corrupt Humours in which case we are troubl'd with an aversion to Meat frequent Reachings Bitterness in the Mouth Dimness of Sight and sometimes with a Lienteria that is when we void what we eat or Drink by Stool without any signs of Digestion Melancholic or Phthisical Persons ought to abstain from the use of these Remedies and likewise Women with Child unless in some cases to hasten their Delivery A large Draught of warm Water proves Emetic to those who are naturally enclin'd to Vomiting because it slackens the Fibres of the Stomach and agitates the Saline Particles that are lodg'd in it Asarabacca taken in Substance from half a Dram to a Dram provokes Vomiting but if it be infus'd in Wine you may take from one Dram to three Black Hellebore taken from four to eight Grains purges upwards and downwards somewhat violently and according to the Opinion of Paracelsus cures the Apoplexy Gout Dropsie and Epilepsie Of Sudorifics and Diaphoretics WE call a Medicine Sudorific when it procures Sweating and Diaphoretic when it works by insensible Transpiration They are both endu'd with a power to drive the Serosities outwards by putting the Mass of Blood in Motion Guaiacum Sarsaparilla Butter-Burr Carduus Benedictus wild Marjoram Penyroyal Thyme Sage Sweet Marjoram Bay-Berries Corn Poppies Treacle and Brandy are Sudorifics The Dose of the Roots is from half an Ounce to an Ounce and a half to each Quart of the Decoction and the Dose of the Leaves is a handful The Shavings of Harts-Horn from one Dram to two is both Sudorific and Cordial as are also those of Ivory from a Dram to a Dram and a half They must be taken in two Ounces of Carduus and Baum-Water and the Patient must be kept very warm in Bed Of Sneezing Medicines and Errhina SNeezing being occasion'd by the Irritation communicated from the inferiour Membrane to the Dura Mater by the mediation of the Olfactory Nerves causes a Contraction by the reflux of the Spirit into the Carnous Fibres so that the Motion of the Spirits being almost entirely stopt for some time after the Pressure is over they run most impetuously into the freest and openest Passages which are those that are bestow'd upon the Muscles of Respiration And therefore when one sneezes after the Contraction is over he finds always some difficulty in Breathing From hence it may be inferr'd that such Remedies as provoke Sneezing are very useful in the Obstructions of the Substance of the Brain because the Dura Mater pressing the Spirits communicates to them a sufficient degree of Motion to make way for themselves The most common Sneezing Medicines are Betony Tobacco Pellitory of Spain Sage Sweet Marjoram Ginger and all other Plants which abound with a sharp Salt These Remedies must be avoided in the Epilepsie Convulsions and in the Hysterical Passion because they encrease those Distempers which consist in a disorderly Motion of the Spirits Errhina are Medicines which bring forth mucous and impure Humours from the Nose without Sneezing They may be made of the Juice or Decoctions of those Plants which I have already recommended for Sneezing Of Incrassating or Thickening Medicines THey are such as fix and put a stop to the inordinate Motion in the Mass of the Blood occasion'd by the eating of such things as are full of sharp and volatil Salts Decoctions made of the Roots of Succory Sorrel Marsh-Mallows Water-Lily c. are of this nature The Dose of the Roots is an Ounce or an Ounce and a half to each Quart of the Decoction The Leaves of Purslain Lettice Sorrel and of wild and Garden Succory produce the same effect if a handful of all together be added to each Quart of the Ptisan or Decoction The four greater Cold Seeds viz. Cucumbers Gourds Citruls and Melons and the four lesser Cold Seeds viz. Lettice Purslan and both sorts of Endive produce the same effect The Dose of all together may amount to half an Ounce in Emulsions They are useful in heat of Urine The Juice of Limons from half an Ounce to an Ounce may also be reckon'd an Incrassating Remedy Of Narcotics or Medicines that procure Sleep THey quiet the unusual and preternatural Motion of the Muscles and the violent Convulsions of the Nervous Parts by Procuring a peaceable and quiet Sleep When they reach the Mass of the Blood they unite themselves to the Spirits and hinder both their Action and Separation for these Medicines are compos'd of Volatile Sulphurs mixt with Terrestrial and Oily Particles They are frequently given to those who are Delirious or Light-headed as also to such as are troubl'd with violent and obstinate Evacuations The four Cold Seeds either greater or lesser taken from a Dram to half an Ounce in any convenient Liquor may be used for this purpose The Roots of Henbane applied externally by way of Cataplasm may also serve to procure Sleep Opium may be also taken from half a Grain to two or three Grains Of Styptics or Astringents BInding or Astringent Medicines dissipate the Serous Particles of the Blood and render it less fluid They must not be us'd in the beginning of Evacuations that are set on foot by Nature which must not be stopt for some Days according to the Age and Strength of the Patient Rhubarb may be profitably us'd in such cases from a Scruple to a Dram. Nor ought Claret to be omitted on such occasions Of Carminative Medicines THey are such as dissipate and expel Wind. The most Natural and most Common Carminatives are Cloves the Seeds of Anise Fennel and Coriander and 't is to be observed that they are more agreeable to the Stomach when they are confected and crusted over with Sugar or mixt with Comfits If you are troubl'd with Wind in the lower part of your Belly you must prepare a Clyster of a Decoction of those Seeds with
Bilious Colic TAke Rose-Water and Oil of Sweet Almonds drawn without Fire of each two Ounces mix them for a Draught For the Wind Colic TAke a greasie Dishclout and apply it pretty hot to the Belly or where you feel the Pain Renew it often Another DRY a handful of common Salt put it in a Linen Cloth and apply it pretty warm to the place affected For all sorts of Colics TAke a Dram of Walnut-Flowers in Powder in a Glass of White-Wine For a Looseness TAke every three Hours a Pint of Cow's-Milk boil'd with the Yolk of an Egg about half an Ounce of Sugar and as much White-Bread as you think fit You must neither eat nor drink any thing else and besides you must keep your self in Bed or at least in a dry and warm place For a Dysentery TAke two Ounces of Oil of Sweet Almonds drawn without Fire or if that cannot be had take the like quantity of Sweet Oil-Olive two Ounces of Rose-Water and one Spoonful of Sugar Mix them all together for a Draught to be taken in the Morning fasting The Signs of a Dysentery are a Looseness accompany'd with a griping Pain and the voiding of Blood or Excrements mixt with Blood About two Hours after the taking of the above-mention'd Medicine you may drink some Broath and eat a new-laid Egg. You may make your Broath with a Leg of Mutton or a Cock. So long as the Distemper lasts you must take a Clyster every Day made only of the Decoction of Barley and Bran and when you are just ready to take it add the Yolks of two raw Eggs with a little Sugar and beat them well together You must be let Blood once or twice in the Arm and must drink nothing but a Ptisan made of the Decoction of Barley and Liquorice You must not take a purging Medicine till eight or ten Days after the Cure Then you may take half an Ounce of Catholicum dissolv'd in about four Ounces of Rose-Water For the Worms TAke two Spoonfuls of the Juice of Limons or Citrons with the like quantity of Sweet Oil or of White-Wine and mix them for a Draught to be taken in the Morning fasting For the Worms in little Children CHafe the Belly about the Navel with Oil of Bitter Almonds and lay a Plaister of Aloes over it For the Piles either Internal or External whether they void Blood or not TAke small Male Sengreen or Prick-Madam and fresh Butter a sufficient quantity beat 'em together in a Mortar and apply it to the Part renewing it three or four times a Day For the Pain of the Kidneys DIP a Linen Cloth in Oxycrate and apply it to the Part affected Oxycrate is a Mixture of six parts of Water and one of Vinegar For the Stoppage or Suppression of the Vrine INfuse an Ounce of Linseed in a Pound of River or Fountain-Water for twenty four Hours If it be in the Summer you must infuse it in a cool place and if in the Winter in warm Ashes Afterwards strain it off and put it into a Glass Bottle Drink a Glass of it every Morning Noon and Night FOR THE DISEASES OF WOMEN To bring down the Courses BEAT two or three Heads of Garlick and make a Plaister of them which must be apply'd to the lower par◠of the Back on the Right-Side To stop the immoderate Flux of Blood which happens to Women in Labour or after they are brought to Bed INject two or three Clysters of Oxycrate every Day For the Suffocation of the Womb. Take an Ounce of Cinamon cut into small Pieces three Ounces of fine Sugar in Powder mix them and add four Ounces of Rose-Water and six Ounces of strong Brandy let them stand twelve Hours in Infusion strain it two or three times thro' a Woollen Cloth and keep the Liquor in a Glass-Vial The Patient may take two or three Spoonfuls of this Liquor to prevent the Return of a Paroxysm and even during the Fit that she may be the sooner delivered from it For Fits of the Mother TAke a handful of the Herb call'd Avens beat it and infuse it for the space of an Hour or two in a Pint of White-Wine and let the Patient drink a little of it when sh◠is thirsty For a Woman in Labour to hasten her Delivery TAke the Liver and Gall of the fattest Eel you can procure dry 'em in an Oven after the Bread is drawn out and beat 'em to Powder The Dose is one Dram in three or four Spoonfuls of the best Wine To expel a dead Child GIve the Sick Woman an Ounce of the Juice of Hyssop in half a Glass of warm Water with a Spoonful of Brandy For the Colic or griping Pain of the Belly which frequently assaults Women that are newly deliver'd TAke Orange-Flower-Water and Syrup of Maidenhair of each two Ounces mix and 〈◊〉 a Draught To bring Milk into the Breasts of Women that are newly deliver'd GIve the Woman a Dram of the Powder of Fennel-seed in Cabbage-Broath or in a Glass of White-Wine For those who have too much Milk TAke Rose-Water and Verjuice of each two Ounces mix them together with five or six Grains of Salt heat the Mixture upon a Chafing-Dish then dip a Linen Cloth four or five times doubl'd in the Liquor and apply it warm to the Breast laying over it two pieces of Linen well heated You must renew the Application twice a Day and if the Distemper continue you must apply it also the Day following To dry up the Milk in those who are not willing to suckle their Children TAke a Bitter Orange pierce it in several places with the Point of a Knife or with a Bodkin squeeze out the Juice and put the Orange into a little Earthen-Pot which you must fill with Oil-Olive boil away two thirds of the Oil and then rub the Breasts with it very softly and as warm as it can be endured For the Inflammation of the Breasts TAke the Crum of a White-Loaf boil it in a sufficient quantity of Milk add an Ounce of Oil of Lilies and make a Pultiss which must be apply'd to the Breast For the Fits of a Tertian-Ague IN the beginning of the third and fourth Fit take half a Glass of the Juice of Borage mixt with the like quantity of White-Wine but you must take a Clyster and be let Blood the Night before For an Intermitting Fever TAke a handful of the Leaves of Burnet Infuse them twelve Hours in a Pint of White-Wine then strain out the Wine thro' a Linen Cloth and give the Patient half a Glass of it at the beginning of the cold Fit continuing after the same in the three or four succeeding Fits For a Quartan Ague DIssolve the Yolk of a new-laid Egg in a Glass of Wine and drink it at the beginning of the cold Fit For a Purple Fever TAke the Leaves of Wood-Sorrel Scabious Carduus Benedictus and Queen of the Meadows of each one handful boil them in a sufficient
quantity of River or Fountain-Water To the strain'd Liquor add four Drops of the Spirit of Vitriol and half an Ounce of sine Sugar Let the Patient take half a Glass of this Liquor before or during the Fit continuing after the same manner five or six Days Let him drink a Ptisan made with Barberries and Scorzonera-Roots Let him not take a purging Medicine till the Fever disappear For the Plague MElt an Ounce of old Hogs-Grease with a like quantity of Honey then remove the Vessel from the Fire and add an Ounce of Rie-Meal and two Yolks of Eggs stirring them all the while Spread this Ointment upon Leather and apply it to the Bubo's changing it twice a Day When a Carbuncle or Bubo is suppurated and breaks put into it a Tent dipt in the same Ointment and lay a Pultiss over it For Carbuncles or Plague-Sores TAke the Ointments Populeon and Basilicon of each one Ounce mix them and spreading a sufficient quantity upon a piece of Leather apply it to the Sore till the Scab or Eschar fall off A Remedy for Corns BOil a sufficient quantity of the Crum of Brown-Bread in Milk to the thickness of Broath and after you take it off from the Fire add to it a proportionable quantity of Vnguentum Rosatum spread it upon Linen and apply it to the Corn. To preserve the Face from being mark'd by the Small-Pox DIP a Feather in Oil of Sweet Almonds drawn without Fire and anoint the Pocks as they come out for the space of Nine or Ten Days To preserve the Sight in the Small-Pox PUT a little Saffron in Plantain-Water mix them well together then drop it into the Patient's Eyes Another TAke a piece of Gold heat it red-hot in the Fire quench it several times in Plantain-Water and pour some Drops of the Water into the Eyes of the Patient You must continue in the use of this Remedy from the first appearance of the Small-Pox â—or the space of three Weeks or a Month. For the Sciatica TAke Mustard-seed and Figs of each two Ounces beat 'em to a Mash which must be apply'd like a Plaister to the Part â—ffected and often renew'd For the Itch. AFter you have been let Blood in the Arm and purg'd according to your Strength and Constitution rub the Palms of your Hands your Wrists the Soles of your Feet and even your whole Body with an Ointment made of two Ounces of fresh Butter and half an Ounce of the Flower of Brimstone well mixt together warm it every time you use it And that it may work more effectually you may anoint your self near the Fire For a Tetter or Ring-Worm TAke three Drams of new Wax melt it with four Ounces of Oil of Roses and two Ounces of Honey of Roses When 't is all melted take it off the Fire and put to it an Ounce of Soot and half an Ounce of Ceruss in Powder stirring it till it be cold When you have occasion to use it spread it upon a Linen Cloth and apply it to the Part affected For a Cut or Wound TAke a red-hot Coal out of the Fire beat it to Powder and put some of it into the Wound It will immediately stanch the Blood For Burning TAke four Spoonfuls of Water in which unslack'd Lime has been quench'd the like quantity of Oil of Nuts and beat them up to the thickness of a Liniment then anoint the burnt Part with a Feather and cover it with brown Paper To open all sorts of Tumours without a Lance. TAke fresh Butter and Verjuice of each two Ounces mix and boil them together Dip a fine Linen Rag or piece of brown issue-Paper into the Liquor and apply it pretty hot to the Place affected For all sorts of Inflammations that happen either before or after the Breaking of a Tumour TAke a fine Linen Rag dip it in Oxycrate or Water then spread a little of Galen's Ceratum upon it which may be found at any Apothecary's Shop and apply it to the inflamed Part. For Bruises TAke a quarter of a Pint of thick Red-Wine two Ounces of fresh Butter two Pugils of Provence Roses and one Pugil of Wheat-Bran boil all together to the thickness of Broath spread it upon a Linen Cloath and apply it to the Part affected For all sorts of Wounds TAke a Pound of fresh Butter a quarter of a Pint of the Juice of Sage the like quantity of the Juice of Wall-Wort an Ounce of Bay-Berries in Powder with a quarter of a Pint of good Wine Boil all together in a Vessel upon the Fire to the thickness of an Ointment or till the Moisture be consum'd and reserve it for use For all Gun-shot Wounds TAke two Ounces of Birth-Wort either long or round put it into an Earthen Pipkin with three quarters of a Pint of Wine and boil away one half then take the Pot from the Fire and put in two Ounces of Sugar Keep this Liquor for use in a Glass-Bottle When the Wound is large lay on the first Dressing with the Whites of two Eggs beat up to a Froth to which add a Dram or two of Bolâ—-Armenic in Powder then spread the whole upon the Tow of fine Hemp and leave it upon the Wound till the same Hour next Day After twenty four Hours you must take away the first Dressing put some of this Water into a Spoon heat it lukewarm dip a Linen Rag in it and wash the Wound and lay upon it another piece of Linen dipt in the same Water taking care to keep the Wound always Moist For all sorts of Vlcers TAke Burgundy-Pitch Rosin and new Wax of each two Ounces put them all into an Earthen-Pipkin and melt them on the Fire then add six Ounces of fresh Butter with a Dram of Vardigrâ—ase in Powder stirring 'em all the while Put this Balsam into an Earthen Pot and keep it for use For a Gangrene INfuse half a Pound of Vnslak'd Lime for the space of six Hours in a Pint of Smith's-Water then pour it off softly without removing the Vessel In this Water infuse a Dram of Sublimate for the space of a Night Then add a sixth part of rectified Spirit of Wine and pour it all off without stirring the Sediments Wash the gangren'd parts every Morning Noon and Night with this Water a little heated OF Ptisans or Decoctions THEY may be prepar'd several ways according to the various Uses they are made for The most common are Purgative Laxative Cooling and Pectoral tho' many other sorts may be made according to the different Distempers that attack Human Bodies But I shall only mention those that are most frequently us'd and most easily prepar'd A Cooling Opening and Pectoral Ptisan TAke half a Peck of good Oats well cleans'd wild Succory and Burnet of each one handful boil them softly in a Gallon of River-Water for a large half Hour or three quarters of an Hour after which add half an Ounce of Sal Prunellae with a quarter of a
Pound of the best Honey you can procure and boil it again softly for half an Hour Then take it off the Fire strain it thro' a Linen Cloth and pour the Liquor into an Earthen Pot. Take a Draught of it two Hours before and two Hours after Meals A Purgative and Laxative Ptisan POur two Quarts of River or Fountain-Water into a close Pot and set it near the Fire put into it half an Ounce of Sena four or five Roots of Wild Succory two little Sticks of Liquorice more or less according to the Palate of the Patient and a Dram of Green Fennel-seed then tye a Dram of the raspings of Ivory and the like quantity of Harts-Horn in a Linen Rag boil 'em a little longer with the rest of the Ingredients in the Pot and afterwards strain out the Liquor Drink a Glass of it every Morning fasting for Eight or Ten Days A Pectoral Ptisan TAke Jujubes Sebesten and Damask Raisins of each one Ounce a Stick of Liquorice beaten and a quarter of a Pound of Honey Boil them softly in two Quarts of River-Water for a quarter of an Hour and afterwards strain out the Liquor thro' a Linen Cloth You may drink a Glass of it every Morning and another at Night when you go to Bed It must neither be too hot nor too cold when you drink it OF SYRUPS And their Vertues THE Syrups that are most frequently us'd are the Syrup of Pale Roses the Syrup of Peach-Flowers compound Syrup of Apples compound Syrup of Succory Syrup of Violets Syrup of Maiden-hair and the Syrup of Corn-Poppies The Syrup of Pale Roses serves to evacuate all sorts of Serosities either Phlegmatic Bilious or Melancholic it strengthens the Stomach and opens Obstructions in the Capillary Vessels of the Liver and of the rest of the Entrals The Syrup of Peach-Flowers is good for those who are Hydropical and is particularly adapted for expelling Serous Humours Compound Syrup of Apples evacuates the Melancholic Humour which infects the Mass of the Blood It is also very good to purge the Spleen Compound Syrup of Succory prepra'd with Rhubarb purges the redundant Bile strengthens the Liver and Stomach and opens Obstructions in other Parts of the Body Syrup of Violets purges Choler cools and promotes Expectoration You may take an Ounce or a Spoonful of it in a Glass of Water but you must have two Glasses and pour it out of one into the other several times to dilute the Syrup Syrup of Maiden-Hair is of excellent use in Diseases of the Breast it frees it from the corrupt Humours that are log'd in it and helps the sick Person to spit Syrup of Corn-Poppies procures Sleep The Dose is from an Ounce to two Ounces at Night FOR THE TOOTH-ACH AFTER Eating you must gargarize your Mouth and wash your Gums with Wine and Water then take the Ashes of the second Bark of the Ash-Tree mix 'em with a Spoonful of Brandy and make a Plaister which must be apply'd to the Temples on that side where you feel the Pain Another PUT a Clove or two upon the aking Tooth then shut your Teeth and hang your Head on that side where the Pain lies this will draw out abundance of Water and by that means give you ease If the Tooth be rotten or carious you must pull it out or else put a Drop of Aqua-Fortis into it OF CLYSTERS A Cooling Clyster MAKE a Clyster of Oxycrate that is mix a Pint of lukewarm Water with six Spoonfuls of Vinegar A Clyster for one who is Costive TAke a quarter of a Pound of Oil of Nuts and the like quantity of common Honey put them into a Pint of Water and if you are troubl'd with Gripes add as much Powder of Anise or Fennel-seed as you can take up between your Fingers and Thumb If not add half a quarter of a Pint of Vinegar and boil it as usually A Clyster to stop a Looseness MAke a Decoction with White Mullein Provence Roses and Plantain of each one handful Lin-seed and Quince-seed of each a Dram half an Ounce of Starch and the Yolk of an Egg. In the beginning of a Looseness you ought not to make use of Astringent Medicines but must let Nature act without disturbance for some Days according to the Age and Strength of the Patient FINIS AN INDEX OF The Principal Matters contain'd in the TREATISE of REMEDIES OF Medicines in general 73 Of Diuretics or Medicines that provoke Urine 75 Of Vomits 76 Of Sudorifics and Diaphoretics or Medicines that procure Sweating and insensible Transpiration 77 Of Sneezing Medicines and Errhina 74 Of Incrassating or Thickening Medicines 79 Of Narcotics or Medicines that procure Sleep 80 Of Styptics or Astringents 81 Of Carminatives or Medicines that dispel Wind Ibid. Of Particular Remedies FOR the Head-Ach 82 For the Apoplexy 83 For the Palsie Ibid. A Remedy for the Rheumatism hard Swellings in the Joynts for all Cold Tumours and to strengthen the Nerves Ibid. To Purge Melanchâ—ly 84 To Purge Choler Ibid. To Purge Phlegm Ibid. For the Itching of the Eye-Lids 85 For an Inflammation of the Eyes Ibid. For Deafness Ibid. To stop Bleeding at the Nose Ibid. To cure a Red Face and take away Pimples 86 For Shortness of Breath Ibid. For Obstructions of the Lungs Ibid. For the Pleurisie 87 For a Cold Ibid. To stop Vomiting Ibid. To comfort and strengthen the Liver Ibid. For the Spleen 88 For the Jaundice Ibid. For the Dropsie Ibid. For the Nephritical Colic or Stone in the Kidneys 86 For the Bilious Colic Ibid. For the Wind Colic Ibid. Another Ibid. For all sorts of Colics Ibid. For a Looseness 90 For the Dysentery Ibid. For Worms in the Belly 91 For the Worms in little Children Ibid. For the Piles either internal or external whether they void Blood or not Ibid. For a Pain in the Back or Kidneys 92 For a Stoppage or Suppression of Urine Ibid. Remedies for the Diseases of Women TO bring down the Courses 93 To stop the immoderate Flux of Blood which happens to Women in Labour or after they are brought to Bed Ibid. For the Suffocation of the Womb 94 For Fits of the Mother Ibid. For a Woman in Labour to hasten her Delivery Ibid. To expel a dead Child 95 For the Colic or griping Pain of the Belly which frequently assaults Women that are newly deliver'd Ibid. To bring Milk into the Breasts of Women that are newly deliver'd Ibid. For those who have too much Milk Ibid. To dry up Milk in those who are not willing to suckle their Children 96 For an Inflammation of the Breasts Ibid. For the Fits of a Tertian-Ague Ibid. For Intermitting Fevers 97 For a Quartan-Ague Ibid. For a Purple Fever Ibid. For the Plague 98 For Carbuncles or Plague-Sores Ibid. A Remedy for Corns Ibid. To preserve the Face from being mark'd by the Small-Pox 99 To preserve the Sight in the Small-Pox Ibid. Another Ibid. For the Sciatica Ibid. For the Itch or Scab 100 For a Tetter or Ring-Worm Ibid. For a Cut or Wound 101 For Burning Ibid. To open all sorts of Tumours without a Launce Ibid. For all sorts of Inflammations that happen either before or after the Breaking of a Tumour 102 For Bruises Ibid. For all sorts of Wounds Ibid. For all Gun-shot Wounds 103 For all sorts of Ulcers Ibid. For a Gangrene 104 Of Ptisans or Decoctions A Cooling Opening and Pectoral Ptisan 105 A Purging and Loosening Ptisan Ibid. A Pectoral Ptisan 106 OF Syrups and their Vertues Ibid. Syrup of Pale Roses 107 Syrup of Peach-Flowers Ibid. Compound Syrup of Apples Ibid. Compound Syrup of Succory Ibid. Syrup of Violets Ibid. Syrup of Maidenhair Ibid. Syrup of Corn-Poppies Ibid. Remedies for the Tooth-Ach 108 OF Clysters 109 Cooling Clysters Ibid. A Clyster for one that is Costive Ibid. A Clyster to stop a Looseness Ibid. The End of the Table