with a little Wine he was recovered throwing also Water in his face after that he had a large stool was brought to his bed and bled with less violence then giving a dram and an half of Lapis Prunellae in cold Water presently the blood franched when the same and other Medicines could not formerly do it Although fainting be not vulgarly accounted a Remedy against bleeding at the Nose yet Hipp. lib. 3. Epid. Sect. 7. saith thus These things stop the bleeding of the Veins swouning the alteration of the posture or figure of the Body mâ—erception a tent apposition and deligation or binding Galen in 5. meth cap. 5. teacheth the same in these words Moreover Blood is stanched 〈◊〉 by fainting and by revulsion and derivation to the parts adjoyning and by cooling of the whole Body and especially the part afflicted But you must observe that fainting doth only profit when the blood floweth from the Veins which are terminated in the superficie of the body which Hippocrates also hints at when he prescribeth tents bandage and the like For when blood cometh from the internal parts as in an Hemoptoe or spitting of blood immoderate flux of the terms or internal wounds then fainting will encrease the bleeding the heat being thereby drawn into those parts from whence the blood cometh Zacutus Lucitanus Lib. 1. Praxis admirandae Obs 66. reports that he cured a desperate Hemorrhagy which would yield to no other Medicines by an actual Cautery to the soals of both feet which Remedy he saith had like success in a great bleeding at the mouth coming from the opening of the Vein called Ranuncula under the Tongue by corrosion from a sharp Gatarrh and when the Blood had flowen two dates to the quantity of twenty pounds and many astringents and Emplaâ—ers had been used as also Revulsies and thickening Medicines with Narcoticks or Stupefactives by a Cautery in the soal of the foot it was stanched If still he bleed after all the aforesaid Revulsions have been tried you must come to repelling Medicines such as are vulgarly called Anacollemata things to be applied to the Forehead and Temples which are thus made Take of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata Sanguis Draconis Frankinsence Mastick and Aloes of each one dram Bran and the hair of an Hare cut smal of each half a dram one white of an Egg the Juyce of Plantane and Nightshade of each as much as is sufficient to make a Cataplasm for the Forehead and the Temples In extremity you may quickly make a Cataplasm of Bole-Armenick only mixed with the white of an Egg and Vinegar for the same parts The most excellent is made of Time and Vinegar and applied to the Temples and the Forehead as thick as two fingers and if the first application do it not let it be repeated and it will certainly cure Amatus Lusitanus commends a cap made with the aforesaid Pouders mixed with Vinegar and Water laid upon the Head being shaven which you may try in great extremity Also you may make a Fomentation of very cold Water or Water and Vinegar to the Temples and Forehead changing your cloaths as they grow hot Or you may make a Fomentation of the Juyce of Plantane Knotgrass Hors-tail Shepheards-purse and the like with a little Vinegar to make it pierce Where mark That the Head is not to be washed with cold Water nor repelling Medicines to be laid to the Forehead before you have made sufficient Revulsions otherwise the blood being struck in with cooling wil fill the Veins above as Galen sheweth 5. meth cap. 6. and so the flux will be encreased by the heat encreased through Antiperistasis by which the motion and force of the blood is encreased or if the blood be stopt there will follow a Convulsion Apoplexy short and difficult breathing called Dyspnoea or the like Vinegar alone will stop blood if the Forehead be fomented therewith in a Spunge Or if you dip a Spunge in Vinegar and put it into the Nose To throw cold Water in the Face doth not only drive back the blood but also draweth inward by fear if done on a sudden and unawares As a syncope or swouning as we said before stancheth blood by the retraction of it inward by the same reason doth fear also A great quantity namely two or three glasses must be cast into the face divers times in a short time Ordinarily they use to hinder the ascent of the Blood with fomenting of the Neck with a cloth dipped in cold Vinegar and bound about the Neck changed often before it turn warm Vinegar and Water held in the mouth doth drive the blood down and keeps the blood from falling into the Throat Also Vinegar put into the Ear next to the Nostril bleeding is good to close the Vein A Bean or piece of money bound to the root of the Nose between the Eyebrows stoppeth the flux Also you must observe if the Veins or Arteries in the Forehead or Temples do swell for then you must bind them down with Money or a dry Bean slit in length and this is a special Remedy And for the better Compression you must lay a Pledget dipt in the white of an Eg beaten with Time upon the Bean or Money The sume of Vinegar sprinkled upon a hot Iron taken into the Nostrils will close the opened Veins As also Vinegar and Water often snuffed up Besides those things which repel we must use things that close and glutinate the Veins For which end many Remedies may be put into the Nose Galen lib. de paratu facilibus cap. 13. used Frankinsence and Aloes poudered with white of an Egg and the hairs of an Hare upon lint Or you may make a Tent thus Take of Frankinsence Aloes Dragons blood Bran Cobwebs and the hair of an Hare cut smal of each half a dram made up in a Tent with juyce of Plantane The same Pouders may be blown into the Nose For which purpose also great Practitioners do commend the pouder of Eg shels burnt and burnt Paper But you must remember besides the use of these pouders at the same time to fill the mouth with cold Water lest the Medicine get into the mouth The Cotton of an Ink-horn squeezed a little and made into a tent doth powerfully stop As also laid and bound to the Forehead If it yet continue you must come to Escharoticks which by burning the mouths of the Veins produce a Scab and so stay the blood But these must be used warily for when the Eschar falls off they will bleed again Burnt Vitriol is the best which besides its Escharotick quality is good to stanch blood If you will make it gentle you must mix other Medicines thus Take of Galls half a pound Allum a quarter of a pound Calcine them and blow the pouder into the Nose Or Take of Bole-Armenick Dragons blood Frankinsence Aloes Time burnt Vitriol Sarcocol and Mastich of each one dram Make afine Pouder White Vitriol is more gentle than
saith that hot blood given as a Clyster doth wonderfully cure a flux Chap. 6. Of Dysenteria or Dysentery A Dysentery is an often and bloody loosness of the Belly with pain and torment depending upon the ulceration of the Intestines The word Dysenteria is taken commonly among the Antients for every bloody flux of the Belly but strictly and properly it is taken only for the bloody flux which comes from an Ulcer in the Intestines Gal. 3. de symp caus cap. 2. nameth four kinds of bloody fluxes which he commonly calls Dysenteries The first is when any part of the Body is cut or when any exercise is omitted or any bleeding is omitted as usual bleeding at the Nose and Haemorrhoids that by reason whereof the blood abounding is sent by the Meseraick Veins to the Intestines and so evacuated by the Belly The second is when by reason of the weakness of the Liver Watery blood like that water wherein flesh hath been washed is voided as it is in the Hepatick or flux of the Liver of which we shal hereafter speak The third is when Melanchollick and shining blood is cast forth which by reason of the long continuance in the Liver or Spleen is burnt and mixed with Melancholly Shining signifieth burning because blood which groweth black by cold doth not shine but loseth that brightness or splendor which it had before The fourth Difference is when the Patient at some short distance voids blood with Humors or Excrements with which somtimes there is mixed Pus or Matter and that with pain and torment by which we may conclude that there is an Ulcer of the Guts And this is properly called a Dysentery of which only we here discourse The Internal Causes of a Dysentery are sharp and ulcerating Humors as yellow Choller green like Leeks or Verdegreece and black as also salt flegm bred in the Head from great heat or in the Belly by putrefaction and so brought to the Intestines where cleaving a long time it doth ulcerate Here is a great Doubt propounded by Authors How yellow Choller in a short time should cause a Dysentery When green Choller in a long time maketh only a Diarrhoea which never turneth into a Dysentery since the green is made of the yellow by adustion and hath more sharpness Mercatus answereth That there must be a clamminess by which it may remain long in the Guts to corrode and gnaw them as wel as a sharpness And therefore if yellow Choller be such it causeth a Dysentery on the contrary if green Choller be more fluid and stay less while in the Guts it makes but a simple Diarrhoea Sennertus saith that this answer is probable but it doth not satisfie because oftentimes there are fluxes in which there is clamminess with sharpness and yet there is no Dysentery And contrarywise often times there is no clamminess in Chollerick Humors which cause a Dysentery and therefore he thinks that the Humors which produce a Dysentery have a peculiar occult quality with which the Intestines are offended and ulcerated as the Lungs are with the fish Lepus and the Bladder with Cantharides and no other part And he proveth that malignant quality in that a Dysentery is contagious for the most part so that the infections which come from the vapors rising from the excrements of those that have a Dysentery do only infect the Guts of them that are infected and not upon other parts The same happeneth in other Epidemical and infectious Diseases in which the poyson doth go only to some peculiar part so their Pleuresies Peripneumonia's or Imposthumes in the Lungs and Squinzies which are infectious So the Poyson of a mad Dog doth only infect the Head This is more cleer to be seen in Purging Medicines which have a peculiar vertue to move the Humors in the Body and bring them to the Guts which wil not only being taken at the Mouth purge by stool but laid to the Navil are taken by vapor at the Nose it is probable that they piercing into the Veins and Arteries by the Pores of the Skin and extremities of the Vessels do stir up motion and Fermentation or working in the Humors because the bad Humors are separated from the good and by pricking or stimulating of Nature they are driven to the Intestines by the force of the Medicine directing the expulsive faculty to those parts By the same reason but after another manner do Sudorisicks or Sweating Medicines and Diureticks or such as provoke Urine work the former forcing the Humors to the Skin the latter to the Bladder From which we may collect that the insection of a Dysentery by what manner or part soever it is admitted into the Body doth cause a certain fermentation or working in the Humors by giving them a Disposition like it self which being an enemy to the Guts doth provoke the flux of the Humors to them by which they are ulcerated and they being infected with the like disposition do infect the Humors and Nourishment from whence comes a true and proper Dysentery It is demanded of divers Authors What is that snotty and white Matter which is voided in such great plenty in Dysenteries mixed with Blood and other Humors Some think that it is the fat of the Guts others that it is that with which the Intestines are lined for the better passage of the excrements others that it is flegm from the Head or other parts others that it is Pus or Matter from the Ulcers But we conclude That it is nothing else but a preternatural excrement of the Guts for they being decayed from their Natural Constitution cannot convert their proper Nourishment into their own substance but by an imperfect way change it into that Matter which when it is unfit for nourishment of those parts is expelled forth and then the parts wanting again Nourishment attracteth or draweth new which is changed as the former and there must needs be a great encrease thereof because the part affected continually draweth Blood from the Veins which is changed into this slimy substance by which it is deceived of its expectation and therefore again draweth new for its Nourishment which it continually aimeth at but cannot turn into its own substance but into thâ— slimy Matter of which there is so great an encrease The same thing is done in other parts and especially in great and profound or deep Ulcers For the part Ulcerated when by reason of its evil disposition it cannot be wel nourished draws blood continually from the Veins which is changed into Pus or Quittor by which means the whol body by degrees consumeth Nor doth this befal only parts ulcerated but others that have no Ulcer or Imposthume so that although the aforesaid Excrement be like Quitt r yet is not true Pus or Quittor for that comes only from an Ulcer or Imposthume This chiefly appears in an Ophthalmy or Inflamation of the Eyes in which when there is no Ulcer or Imposthume there is a continual Excrement
half an ounce beat them in a stone Morter powring on by degrees the Decoction of Barley Liquoris Purslain and Mallow tops one pint and an half make an Emulsion for three Doses adding to each Dose one ounce of the Syrup of Violets and one dram of Lapis prunellae and if the pain be great add a little Syrup of Poppies and one dram of Gum Arabick in pouder or the Syrup of Marsh-mallows according to Fernelius or of Mucilages You may make Broths thus Take of Marsh-mallow Roots half an ounce Mallows one handful Liquoris half an ounce Quince seeds one dram boyl them with Chicken Broth make it often The Whey of Goats Milk is very good given in great draughts as we said in the hot distemper of the Liver And if there be no Feaver you may with more profit give Milk by it self because it doth not only clense but allay pain and temper the sharpness of the Humors In an old Disease it is good to give Mineral Waters that cool especially Allum Iron and Vitriol Waters for by Experience we find that they have cured this Disease when it hath been inveterate Instead of the aforesaid Juleps the simple Decoction of Mallows with Syrup of Violets may be used by which Forestus saith Obs 4. Lib. 25. he cured a grievous Dysury many times and that there is nothing like it Forestus also Obs 3. of the same Book that an Apothecary cured himself and others with the white of an Egg beaten with Rose Water He also reports that a woman cured an old man of Delf with Chamomel flowers boyled in Milk Amatus Lusitanus 58. Curat Cent. 6. saith that a Woman was cured when all means failed with Conserve of Mallow flowers she took one ounce morning and evening and drunk after it three ounces of Mallows Water And Curat 59. he saith that one who had a Dysury after he had voided a stone was cured by the same in three daies The Conserve of Marsh-mallow slowers is of the same or greater Vertue Some commend the Troches of Winter Cherries given with convenient Liquor the quantity of a dram because they are Diuretick abate sharpness and pain When the pain is very great it is good to put the Yard when you piss into warm Milk or a Decoction of Mallows and white Poppy seeds or warm Water only A smal Decoction of Mallows with Syrup of Violets and Conserve of Roses is good for ordinary Drink You may also make Injections into the passage of the Bladder of Milk or of an Emulsion of cold Seeds Plantane Water or Whey with the Water of a white of an Egg beaten or one scruple of the Troches of Winter Cherries External Medicines are also good as Baths half Baths Fomentations to the Privities made of cool Herbs Liniments of Oyl of Roses Water Lillies Unguent of Roses Galens cooling Oyntment Populeon with Camphire and the Mucilage of Fleabane made with Plantane Water Also you must apply Epithems that cool to the Reins and Liver and the aforesaid Liniments and the things mentioned formerly for the same When sharp and chollerick Humors flow from the Liver you may derive by an Issue in the right Leg or by opening the Hemorrhoids which is very good in al diseases of the Reins and Bladder according to that of Hippocrates Aph. 11. Sect. 6. because from the Spleen Vein called Ramus Splenicus there are branches go to the Reins Bladder and Hemorrhoids The End of the Fourteenth Book THE FIFTEENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of WOMENS Diseases The PREFACE THose are called Womens Diseases which are proper to them only and come from the defect of that part which is distinct in them from men viz. the Womb of which Democritus in his Letter to Hippocrates said that it was the cause of six hundred miseries and innumerable Calamities But we to lay down those Diseases of the Womb which are most usual will divide them thus Some come from the Vessels and some from the Body of the Womb or Cavity others are in respect of its chief and noblest act of Generation From the distemper of the Vessels of the Womb and the preternatural causes come Chlorosis or green Sickness stoppage of the Terms immoderate Flux the Whites Rage of the Womb and the Mother In the Cavity of the Womb are Inflamations Vlcers Scirrhus Cancer Gangrene Dropsie coming forth and shutting up thereof these may hinder Generation but by accident The Diseases which are in respect of Conception Breeding and Bringing forth are Barrenness acute and Chronical Diseases of Women with Child Abortion difficult bringing forth dead Child Secundine retained immoderate flux or suppression of blood and the acute Diseases of women in Child-bed All which Diseases we will speak of in as few words as the dignity of the Matter will permit Chap. 1. Of the Green-sickness called Chlorosis THis Disease by Hippocrates is called Chlorosis by the Modern Physitians the white Feaver the Virgins Disease the Pale color of Virgins the white Jaundice but vulgarly the Green-sickness It may be defined thus An evil habit of Body from the Obstruction of the Veins of the Liver Spleen and Mesentery and especially of those which are about the Womb which is accompanied with a heaviness or unwildiness of the whol Body beating of the heart difficulty of breathing a desire of evil Food and the like This Disease depends immediately upon the Obstruction of the parts in the lower Belly especially of those Veins which are about the Womb whereby the free passage of Blood to the Womb is hindered which abounding in Virgins when they begin to have their Terms and being hindered of its Natural course by those Obstructions runs to the upper parts and oppresseth the Heart Liver Spleen Diaphragma or Midriff and other parts destroyes their Natural heat stops the Vessels hence is there an evil Concoction in the Bowels and from thence their Body is ful of Crudities which being carried forth make an evil Habit. In other parts they produce divers Symptomes in the Hypochondria a swelling of the Bowels by which the Midriff is oppressed which causeth shortness of breath And because gross blood and wind are carried by the Branches of the hollow Vein and great Artery into the Heart which contend against them for fear of Suffocation by often moving of its Arteries there is a palpitation of the Heart and often a beating in the Temples Besides they have in this Disease a loathing of meat because the Stomach is filled with crude Excrements by reason of its evil Concoction and distribution which excrements having gotten an evil quality by a peculiar kind of corruption cause a desire of evil meats and things not ordained for nourishment as Salt Spices Chalk Coals Ashes and the like which Disease is called Pica Malacia or strange Longing which we have at large spoken of in its proper place among the Diseases of the Stomach The Causes of the Obstructions in the Veins of the Womb and the Hypochondria are
a potion or draught Oyl of Amber given to three or four drops in Orenge-flower-water or some other specifical doth quickly rid away the womb-fit The following potion is wont to do very much good as it is to be seen in our observations Take Water of Mugwort Roses and Orenge-flowers of each one ounce â—â—nnamon Water three drams Conjection of Hyacinth stone one dram Diamargaritum frigidum that is the cooler perled pouder half a scruple Saffron four grains Make them all into a potion Orange flower water doth good alone given three or four ounces but mingled with Musk and Dragons blood it doth wonders witness Solenander in these words A certain Woman was vexed with â—nost cruel Symptoms Head-ach Belchings contraction of the Body pain â—â—her Groin grinding of her Teeth somtimes falling to the ground speechless with her mouth shut so as she could not open it and all this through disorder of her Womb. Many remedies being used in vain a certain old Woman comes and gives her thirteen grains of Musk and as many of common Dragons blood in four ounces of Orenge-flower Water she was cured and never felt the like griefs any more I have in the like case given the same Medicine divers times and alwaies with good effect An Elks Claw is also very good in these fits according to the experiment of Appollonius Menabeus in his Treatise of the Elk Chap. 10 in these words I confess I have both heard from others and found by my own Experience that an Elks Claw is a present remedy for the Suffocation of the Mother For being called to help a Woman in those Fits I gave her the raspings of the Elks Claw with Zedoary with which and with other remedies administred according to the rule of Art I did the Cure with Honor. And when I understood that she was wont to be troubled with those Fits oftentimes I injoyned her to wear a piece of Elks Claw continually about her Neck Which when she diligently observed for the space of three months that I was in the place she was ever free from those Fits and gave me often times thanks for my advice Camphire fired and cast into the water and there abiding till it be quenched is an excellent Remedy given to the quantity of a dram The Cats-tails of the walnut in the Epistles collected by Laurence Scholtzius in the Letter written from Thomas Mouset to Peter Monavius are extolled with this Commedation In Srangulation of the Womb the Cats-tails of the Walnut tree are a singular Medicine being dryed and poudered You may give two scruples with two drops of Oyl of Amber I never knew any thing more excellent in that Disease Two most excellent Remedies may be made in the form of Pouders which I have oftentimes tried The one is of the After-birth of a woman that lies in of her first Child dried in the Chimney and beaten to pouder The Dose is a dram in some convenient liquor It presently takes away the fit The other is made of two parts of Brimstone and one of Nutmeg Pouder them and give a dram Pouder of Jeat given to half a dram or one dram will do much The Pouder of Elder-berries of Quercetanus taken a dram in Wine cures the Eplilepsie or Falling-sickness by consent of the Womb and being taken the second time makes that the fits return not Where that Pouder cannot be had the same quantity of Soot from the Chimney may be given in an Egg soft boiled And because the Womb is oftentimes filled with evil and Excrementious Humors from whence ugly Vapors are raised up we must be careful to purge the same which may be most conveniently done by this following Pessarie Take Diaphoenicon one dram pouder of Hiera picra half a dram Turpentine three drams mix all and with Tow make a Pessary For her ordinary drink let the Patient drink a thin weak Decoction of Cinnamon Caraway or Annis seeds Touching Wine It is a question whether it may be given a Woman in these fits Hippocrates in his first Book of the Nature of Women seems to commend the same and there is much reason to back his opinion For an extream refrigeration of the Body and Languishment of natural strength cannot be better holpen than by giving the Patient a Cup of rich Canary But Avicenna wholly forbids it And indeed Because this Disease depends for the most part upon Seed retained or of Blood and foul Vapors carried up from the Womb Wine by it's thinness and exceeding piercing faculty doth more exagitate and vex the morbifical matter Whence we see by common Experience that Women troubled with this Disease are worse if Wine be given in their fits To Compose this Contention we say that Wine ordinarily is not to be given during the fit but upon extraordinary occasion Namely when the Patients strength is extreamly decai'd she hath Swooning fits joyned with the Mother fits or seems to be at the last gasp all other Remedies tried in vain we make use of Wine as our last Refuge and present help In this Cure we must be very careful if the Patient be with Child and prudent in our administration of Medicaments neither must we use those more vehement and stinking ones least we cause miscarriage and we must perform the Cure rather by outward than inward Medicaments In the Course of the Cure care must be taken of the Heart and Brain and if they seem much oppressed they must be releived by such Medicines as are proper unto them To the Heart Wine and Orange-flower-water or Imperial water or Treacle of Andromachus dissolved in Wine must be applied by wetting things therein and laying them upon the Region thereof or hot living Creatures are to be applied thereunto For to strengthen the Head those Remedies must be used which are set down in our Chapter of sleepy Diseases When the fit is over Care must be taken to prevent the return thereof either wholly or at least for a long time which is done by a removal of the Causes and by strengthening the Womb. In the first place therefore at a convenient season but especially in the Spring and Fall the Patient must be yeerly evacuated beginning with a purging Potion or some other Medicament suitable to the nature of the Patient alwaies adding Hysterical things And then If Blood seem superfluous it must be drawn first out of the Arm and then out of the Foot choosing as neer as possibly the middle space between the Patients monthly purgations Afterwards That the redundancy of evil Humors may be sufficiently prepared and purged out an Apozeme must be compounded altering opening and purging to be given at four or five times If Nature seem to incline to the opening of the Hemorrhoids they must be opened by application of Leeches And Mercatus doth witness in his 13. and 14. Counsel that they have much profited in these fits After general purgation to discuss the remainders of the morbifical matter a sweating Decoction will
are joyned with over hot women over cold men with over cold women for those distemperatures can procure no mediocrity in the Seeds and other causes necessary to Generation Some fly likewise to occult or hidden qualities which make the Sperms to agree or disagree though no excess of the first qualities can be discerned To these Authors add an hidden kind of Disposition which makes some women barren though no manifest cause of such Barrenness appear in them The Signs of Barrenness we will run over according to these four sorts of Causes propounded And in the first place Causes hindering Reception of Seed are not hard to be discovered being evident to our very Sences For tenderness of Age is easily observed and so is an over elderly state of yeers and the evil constitution of those parts which border upon the womb as when women halt have crooked wreathen Legs have their Crupper-bone deprest or are over fat as for the cold distemper of the womb we shall treat of that in our third Rank of Causes Hatred between Man and Wife is known by relation of themselves or of those that live with them Also the particular Diseases hindering the reception of Seed as Tumors Ulcers Obstructions Astrictions shuttings up Distorsions may be known through search of the Genital Parts made by a Midwife or Chyrurgion Of the Causes hindering the retention of Seed which make the second Rank we shall treat of over great moisture among those of the third Rank as for Abortion and hard Travel they are known by the womans relation The Causes of the third Rank viz. Which have power to corrupt the Seed to require more exquisite signs to know them by which we shall prosecute as followeth A Cold Distemper of the Womb is hereby known In that the Woman longs not after Carnal Embracements and feels little pleasure therein her Face is soft whitish and cloudy her feeling is dull about her Share Loyns and Thighs she voids thin and crude Sperm and with little pleasure her Courses are suppressed or they come every sparingly and keep no constant orderly time and they are pale and discolored Add hereunto Diet preceding of a cooling Nature consisting of a long use of Fruits and Herbs with much drinking of cold smal Drink A moist distemper of the womb is known by the lax and slap flaggy soft habit of the womans body her much sitting frequent and almost continual flux of Whites plenty of Courses thin and watry no appetite to fleshly Conjunctions heaviness of her Loyns aptness to miscarry plenty of Urine and a moist Diet. An hot Distemper is known by the manly and strong habit of the womans Body such as is seen in Viragoes and Amazones by a ruddy countenance black hair of the Head and Eye-brows a strong and manly voyce she is frequently disposed to be angry over prompt to all kind of actions heâ— thirst cannot be satisfied her Urine is yellow her Courses few their color is a dark red their heat and acrimony so great that oftentimes they exulcerate the secret Passages their Privities itch and they are prone to carnal Embracements they are quick and suddain in the voiding of their Seed they have frequent Polâ—â—tions and lustful Dreams A dry distemper of the womb is known by the smal quantity of Courses driness itching and choppings of the Mouth of the Womb little excretion of Sperm in the Genial Embracement trouble arising from over much carnal Conjunction and Leanness If the Seed be corrupted and Barrenness caused by Witch-craft all other signs will be absent which are wont to declare the Natural and manifest causes of Barrenness There will be likewise some alienation of minds between the married Couple of which neither of them can give any handsom account yea and somtimes they can both of them but seldom shoot forth their Seed and that with Labor and Difficulty Diet or poysons that extinguish Seed if they have been taken in we shall come to knowledg thereof by diligent questioning of the woman and those that are about her And lastly Malignant Diseases such as are of power to extinguish the Sperm as Leprous Manginess the Whores-Pox and such like are known by their proper signs The fourth Cause of Barrenness which consists in defect or badness of the Menstrual blood is known first by the over great fatness of the whol Body to the nutriment whereof the blood is carryed away and consumed and is not allowed for the nutriment of the child in the womb The same is likewise known by great Leanness of the Body and extream slenderness â—â—r when there is not blood enough to nourish the Body it can hardly superabound to nourish the Conception And in a word All such things as consume and much diminish the blood if they have preceded or be at present in the Patient they signifie want of blood in her body such as are extream labors and pains-taking immâ—derate sitting up and watching austere fastings large bleedings at nose or elsewhere 〈◊〉 or chronical Feavers Fistulous Ulcers and Issues that run much 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 over great quantity of blood doth hinder the nourishment of the Seed and of the 〈◊〉 for the Seed is oppressed with so great plenty and cannot exerciâ—e its formative faculty which is 〈◊〉 to happen in full bodyed and ruddy women such as live a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and delight â—n Feasting 〈◊〉 wombs are alwaies bedabled with a continual moisture Now the 〈…〉 on of the womans blood may be known by the ill habit of her Pody the color of her 〈…〉 her strange dispositions together with an ill diet foregoing The 〈…〉 and the Wiâ—es Seed is hardly known but if both of them be of a very hot or a very hot 〈◊〉 Constitution we may conjecture That the disproportion 〈◊〉 from those distempers 〈◊〉 more manifest causes of Barrenness do not appear It is yet harder 〈…〉 hat kind of Barrenness which depends of a certain hidden disposition no manifest 〈◊〉 thereof appearing Yet many Experiments are related by Authors whereby to know whether a Woman be â—â—turally Barren which though they carry no great certainty with them yet are Physitians 〈…〉 somtimes to make use of them in favor of Princes and Nobles who are permitted to divorce their Wives in case of Barrenness Hippocrates in â—phor 59. Sect. 5. saith If a Woman conceive not and thou wouldest know whether she shall conceive or not cover her with blankets and burn some perfume under her and if the smell proceed through her Body up to her Nostrils and Mouth know that she of her self is not Barren The same Hippocrates supposeth that it may be known whether a woman be fruitful or not by putting a head of scraped and peeled Garlick into her Womb for if the next day the smel shall come into her mouth she is apt to conceive if not she is barren Or put Galbanum softened at the fire and enclosed in Silk into the womans womb at night and bind her whol head
to five or six grains Oyl of Cinnamon to four or five Drops Oyl of Amber to twelve or fifteen Drops in VVine Broth or other Liquor Sneezing hastens the Birth or Hippocrates in the Aphor. 35. Sect. 5. Sneezing which happens to a woman in sore Travail is good Sneezing may be provoked by the following Pouder Take White Hellebore half a dram Long Pepper one scurple Castoreum five grains Make all into a Pouder and blow thereof into her â—stâ—â—lls the quantity of a Pease The same Hippocrates prescribes another Remedy in the first Book of womens diseases which is omitted by all authors almost And that is the opening of one of the lower veines of the Body which he propounds in these words But if saith he a Big-bellied woman be so stopped that she cannot bring forth but continues divers daies in her â—ains if she be a yong woman vigorous and full of Blood her Anckleveines must be opened and Blood taken away according as her strength will bear Although this remedy be never used by our Practitioners and it seems much to be feared because in Travail nothing is so needful as strength which may be weakened by Blood-letting Yet if difficult Travail do arise from fullness of blood which Hippocrates doth insinuate in those words where he saies If the woman be yong and in the prime of her strength and very full of Blood there is no question but bleeding may be very profitable because the Veines being very full of Blood are wont to make al other inward passages of the Body more strait Whence it comes to pass that in pains of the Stone in the kidneys the like Blood-letting doth often work wonders and facilitate the expulsion of Stones conteined both in the kidneys and Ureters Also hard Travail may be holpen not only by those inward Medicines prescribed but likewise by outward Let the Midwife therefore frequently anoint the Womb of the Childing woman with Oyls of Lillies sweet Almonds Lin-Seed and such like Also let her belly be fomented on the nether parts with an emollient Decoction of Marsh-mallow and Lilly Roots Leaves of Mallows Violets Mugwort Seeds of Line and Fenugreek with the flowers of Chamomel and Melilot Let sharp Clysters be administred by the provokeing virtue of which the expulsive faculty of the womb may be likewise â—oused up and the Gutts being emptied will afford larger space for the womb Let her Navel be anointed with Oyl of Amber Some commend the Gaul of an Hen applyed to the same part Also such things may be used which are thought by a peculiar property to help the Birth as Aegle-Stone Load-Stone Storax and the rest being fastened to the Hipps Hartmannus Commends the Eyes of an Hare taken in the month of March which are carefully to be taken out and dried entire with Pepper Let one of these with Pepper be so tied to her Belly that the Sight of the Eye may touch her belly and it will bring forth the Child be it alive or dead Which being done take away the Eye least it bring forth the Womb it self He saies likewise that it is good to bring out the Mole Heed is likewise to be taken that the woman carry no Precious Stones about her either in rings or otherwise but let her lay them al away for many of them are conceived by a peculiar property to retain the Child in the womb If the Child seem to be weak it must be refreshed both with strengthening things given to the Mother as warm wine Confectio Alkermes Cinnamon Water and also with things outwardly applied as with a Crust of Bread or a Rose Cake strewed with Pouder of Nutmegs Cinnamon Cloves Kermes Berries and sprinkled with Aqua Imperialis or with warm Wine Or with a peice of Wether-Mutton a little broiled upon a Gridiron and sprinkled with Water of Roses or of Orange-flowers with the call of a wether newly kil'd not yet cold and such like If the Child begin to come forth in a disorderly manner as by putting out one Foot one Hand or any other way the Mid-wife must no waies receive it on that manner but thrust it into the Womb again and compose it to a right and natural posture or form of egress Which must be done by laying the Childing woman on her Back in the Bed with her Head somwhat low and her Buttocks high and then gently pressing her Belly towards the short Ribs and thrusting the Child into the Womb. Afterward let the Midwife endeavour to put the Child into a right posture for coming out by an artificial Hand procuring that the Child turn its face towards the Mothers Back and its Buttocks and shighes let her lift up towards the Mothers navel and so hasten the same unto a natural manner of coming forâ—h When all Hope of the Childs coming forth is past or when the Mether is almost dead some Authors proceed to the Caesarean Section that is to cut the Child out of the Womb as Caesar was cut out of which Francilcus Rossetus hath Printed a most elegant Treatise in which by many reasons and examples he endeavours to shew that such a thing may be somtimes done with good success Howbeit seeing this Operation is very dangerous and terrible it ought seldom or never to be practised by a discreet Physitian that would preserve his own reputation Chap. 19. Of A Dead Child IN sore Travel of Child-birth by reason of great and long Labour the Child is oftentimes killed and somtimes before a womans pains come upon her the Child happens to die through some preternaturall accidents such as those which are wont to cause Abortion and if it hath not attained to the due time of natural Birth it causes Abortion but if it have it causes an hard and sore Travel Because in a due and naturall Birth both the Mother and the Child ought to join their Forces to bring it from the Dark Dungeon to the Liberty of Day All such things therefore which cause difficult Child-birth being in a greater and more grievous degree are of power to kill the Child But especially the Child is wont to be kild if it come in so untoward and preposterous a figure that it can by no means be brought forth in that manner neither can the Midwife or Chyrurgion draw it forth or reduce it to a better Posture For while sticking thus in the mouth of the Womb it frustrates all the endeavours of the Mother straining her self to exclude it it comes to pass that in those sâ—â—ainings various motions and compressions somtimes both Mother and Child somtimes the Mother alone and somtimes the Child alone doth die It is to be admired which Fabricius Hildanus writes touching two women which died through hard Labour in whom their Wombes were found broken a sunder and the Heads of the Infants in their Mothers Bellies By which we may gather how strongly a lusty Child doth labour to work it self out of the Mothers Womb. A Dead Child is
a wet spunge Secondly A special care is to be had of Diet for as Hippocrates saith in his Book of Humane Nature Diseases are partly from Diet and partly from the Air wherein we breath Therefore let the Diet be of good Juyce easie concoction neither cold nor over nourishing Therefore Mutton Kid Veal are to be used and which are better young Pidgeons Chickens Capons Hens Partridges Black-birds Thrushes and all kind of Mountain Fowl and Yolks of new laid Egs roast Meats are better than boyled Take heed of hard flesh and of hard concoction as Beef Pork Venison Hares Geese Ducks and Sea Fowl as also of the Heads Entrals and Appurtinances of Beasts Eat Fish but seldom and make choyce of those which have solid Flesh coming out of swift Rivers and stony places boyl them in Wine adding Vinegar Butter and Spice which Sawce is to be allowed with other meat unless the Liver be over hot of which principally use Nutmeg Cloves Cinnamon never or seldom eat cold and moist Herbs as Lettice Purslain Spinage but in Summer time we can allow a moderate use of Herbs which are gently cooling and drying for the strengthening of the Body and fixing the Blood that it may not evaporate as Endive Succory Sorrel but they must be taken boyled not raw Roots of Parsly Carrots Parsnips Mints Hysop Water-cresses are very good But you must avoid all things that easily disturb the Head and fill it with vapors and they are of two sorts Either they are such as discuss and melt the Humors with their sharpness as Onions Garlick Mustard Rocker Rhadishes or such as fill the Head with gross vapors as Milk and all Milk meats All manner of Pulse as Beans Pease c. of which the red Pease are the least hurtful by reason of their opening and abstersive nature therefore the broth of them is allowed You must avoid all green raw Fruit which are not lasting especially and those which are very moist dryed Fruits may be used at second or last courses as Raisons Almonds Pine-nuts Dates and the like but you must use them sparingly for they are for the most part hard of concoction Pears boyled and Sugared Citron Rinds Candied Lemmon and Orange Pills Candied may be eaten at the last course but it is much better to take one spoonful of digestive Pouder after meat whose Aromatical sweet vapor ascending with the vapor of what is eaten doth strengthen and dry the Brain It is made of Coriander Fruit Annis seeds Cinnamon Nutmeg with a double quantity of Sugar of Roses Let your Bread be of the best Wheat wel baked and leavened and made with Salt and Annis seeds in a great distemper Bisket is best Let your drink be thin wine of smal strength which wil not fill the Head with many vapors wel mixed with Water and also it is profitable one hour before meat to mix wine and water that the vapors may be allayed and to boyl a little Coriander seed in the water that it may better strengthen both Stomach and Brain in stronger Diseases use Hydromel or Water and Honey This is a good Rule in all Diet To eat moderately and to let the Supper be less and lighter than the Dinner Sobriety as in all Diseases so especially in Head-Diseases is of great concernment for the Head by much food is filled with Humors and Vapors and contrarily by little and slender Diet it is emptied of them Thirdly You must use moderate Exercise and every day continue it for too much rest weakens the Natural heat and makes it so dull that it cannot well concoct and fills the Body full of Excrements On the other side Motion and Exercise stir up the Natural heat help Concoction expel Excrements and cheereth the Spirits and purifieth them but you must exercise before meat and after meat rest for an hour or two or at least move very easily Fourthly Use a mean in sleep and waking for as with moderate sleep the strength is repaired so with too long the Body is made cold burdened with excrements especially the Brain but too much watching makes the Body thin spends the Spirits and feeds upon the sound parts of the Body Let not therefore sleep be too long but according to custom commonly seven hours are allowed but more or less may be taken according as age and custom shall require if you offend in either extream it is better to offend in too much waking than in too much sleep You must not sleep straight after meat but two hours after at least having taken a gentle walk You must sleep with your head high and upon one side lying on the back is not allowed Fifthly Al the Excrements of the Body are to be evacuated in their season of the Brain especially therefore every morning hawk from the Pallat blow the Nose comb and rub the Head with a course cloth or spunge which will fetch the superfluities of the Brain through the sutures or seams of the Skull The Belly must be kept open and if it will not otherwise use a Suppository or a Clyster or some gentle Lenitive at the Mouth For the Excrements are not only taken away by so doing but also by degrees somthing is fetcht from the Brain or at least somthing is reteined and derived thereby from the Head which was or would have been sent thither as to the weakest part Lastly You must have special care of the Passions of the Mind from which our bodies are many times wonderfully altered and disturbed especially of Anger and Sorrow Sorrow diminisheth the Natural heat wounds the Spirits whence comes smal concoction and many Excrements Anger makes a great boyling of the Blood and motion of the Spirits by which the Humors are diffused and dissolved and then if there be any Excrements in the Brain presently they are sent to the weak and infirm parts from whence arise many dangerous Diseases The other two Means for Cure namely Chyrurgery and Physick may be used as followeth In almost all Diseases which come of the Humors we use to make a general Evacuation by Blood-letting and Purging Blood-letting is not agreeable with Flegmatick Diseases but if in other parts of the Body Blood do abound the Liver be inflamed and the age of the Patient be flourishing and consistent with it we may then let blood for so will the ascention of vapors into the head be hindred and superfluous Nourishment taken away that Nature afterwards may more easily concoct what is raw and waterish in the blood and then purging Medicines may be given more safe But if Plethora or two great repletion do not Constrain it is better before blood-letting to give a purge for Flegm by way of Potion Bolus Pills or Pouder The Forms whereof are as followeth Take of Senna half an ounce Annis seeds and Cloves of each half a dram Leaves of Mints and Bettony of each half a handful of the tops of Time half a pugil Boyl them to a quarter of a
wet the Brain that it becomes weak and faint in its functions and performances Therfore Drunkards sleep profoundly from the vapor of the Wine and the abundance of crudities sent up into the Brain So Children that are troubled with the worms are often taken with sleepy diseases from the abundance of gross and thick vapors which arise from crude and waterish humors Soin intermitting Feavers or Agues sometimes in the beginning of the Disease there is irresistable sleep by reason of the crude and stinking humors which are contained in the veins especially in the Meseraick veins which humors being made thin by the heat of the fit of the Ague send many vapors to the head and produce such a sleep as ends with his cold fit somtimes and at other times continues to the end of the fit according as the vapors are more gross or thin or as they are more or less in quantity and so are longer and sooner discussed and dispersed Fiftly Many times so great a sleeping Disease is begot by the too frequent use of Medicines called Narcoticks that do produce sleep that many unawares by the unskilful use of Opium have slept their last There is also the same stupifying force in some living Creatures as in the Torpedo or Cramp-fish So Plutarch reports in the death of Cleopatra That the sting of a Viper causeth deadly sleep But in mans Body this stupid sleeping condition comes from the putrefaction of humors which is seen in malignant and pestilential Feavers hence it is that in those diseases they are very sleepy oftentimes which is a certain sign of venenosity and malignity and somtimes of death The Diagnosticks or Signs which shew the differences of these sleeping Diseases were set down in the beginning of this Chapter But the Signs of the Causes that produce these Diseases are these When sleepy Diseases come from watery humors putrifying in the Brain these are the signs A Flegmatick Constitution Old Age Infancy a cold and moist dwelling and season a stopping of an accustomed spitting and blowing of the Nose and when the sick man before the coming of the disease was troubled with heaviness of the Head dimness of sight and dulness of the whol Body and when in the Disease there is a defluxion of Rhewm from the Nose or Mouth or when the sick party feeleth it trickle down his Throat That sleeping Diseases are bred of blood appears by a plethorick or full Body red Face pain of the Head going before the Disease A Tumor or swelling in the Brain is scarce by any signs to be known but is only manifest after death by opening of the Skull as was before mentioned That the Disease comes from vapors flying into the Brain appears from those signs which shew the particular Diseases of those parts from whence the vapors are sent up to the Brain A surfet going before with crude and sharp belchings and other signs of crude humors in the Stomach and other parts of the lower Belly shew that the Disease comes from vapors which are sent from the Stomach But if the Vapors come from Worms you shal know that in the Chapter of them As for the Prognosis or foreknowledg of things in these Diseases Every sleeping Disease is dangerous but by how much the deeper the sleep is and the sick man harder to be awaked by so much greater is the danger and thereâ—ore a Carus is more dangerous than a Coma or a Lethargie but an Aâ—oplexy is worse than a Carus for if it be violent it is altogether incurable as Hippocrates observeth in his 42. Aporism of the Second Section which is thus It is impossible to cure a strong Apoplexy and not very easie to cure a weak one a strong Apoplexy is when the breathing is uneven and disorderly and sometimes intermitting and if such a breathing is very violent the disease is stronger if the breath be stopt it is most strong but when there is some order in the breathing the Disease is weaker which is declared by Galen in his Comment upon the said Aphorisms A sleeping Disease is very dangerous which comes upon an acute Diâ—ease for it either signifies the extinction of the Natural heat or a poysonous malignant quality which hath seized on the Brain That Disease which comes by consent of the lower parts and from vapors which arise from them is less dangerous Men sick of a Lethargy die within seven daies if they live longer they recover Hippocrates in his Book of Diseases Sleeping Diseases in old men are for the most part deadly for in regard of their want of Natural heat they having a weak concoction and weak expulsion it comes to pass that they cannot overcome and expel that humor which causeth the Disease much less can they expel that humor which aboundeth in the Brain for since the Brain is the coldest part of the Body it must needs in old people have its heat diminished and extinguished sooner than any other parts In a Lethargy if a Tumor happen under the Ears or if matter or filth come forth of the Ears and the symptomes abate it is a sign of health for it sheweth the strength Nature hath got over the cause of the Disease which it expels before perfect concoction out of the Emunctuaries under the Ears or purgeth it out being turned into matter by the Natural passages They who are preserved and cured of the Lethargy do use after to spit matter and blood Hippocrates in Coac and Third Book of Diseases This Opinion say some agrees not with Experience for few have seen a true Empyema or corrupt matter between the Breast and the Lungs follow a Lethargy But the Interpretation of Mercurialis upon the Aphorism is very right for he saith That Hippocrates meaneth by Empyema and Empyicus not the disease of the Breast but when filth is discharged by the Ears and Nostrils And Galen hath taught us in his Commentary upon Aphorism 8. Sect. 5. and Aphorism 44. Sect. 7. That Hippocrates by Empyema understands there not only that â—uppuration and breeding of matter which is in the Breast but also that which is in al other parts It is good sign when a Phrensie followeth a sleepy Disease coming of a cold cause because by that violent heat which causeth a Phrensie the watery matter which begets a sleepy Disease is concocted Men in Apoplexies die in seven daies except a Feaver take them Hippocâ—ates 2. of Diseases and Aphor. 51. Sect. 6. but that Feaver must be a violent one and essentially springâ—ng from the inflamation of the Humors and Spirits otherwise it will not discuss the matter which causeth the Apoplexy for if it be gentle and only symptomatical or happening to the Disease as an accident as in an Apoplexy coming from the burning disposition of the head through too much blood contained in the veins thereof then the Feaver doth not diminish the Disease but rather cause some symptomes of madness which weaken the Animal Faculties and in this
case a Frenzy coming upon a sleepy Disease is not good as we said in the Prognostick before mentioned Moreover a Feaver that must dissolve a sleeping Disease must have another condition namely That it come in the beginning of the Disease whiles Nature is in some strength to put forth strong endeavors For that Feaver which comes after the Disease hath long continued is not healthful as Hippocrates in Coacis saith Apoplexies being like to be diâ—â—olved it a Feaver come upon them after they have long continued are deadly A faint Sweat in an Apoplexy is evil for it shews great oppression of Nature For the Cure of these Diseases as of al other three necessary means are required First Order of Diet. Secondly Manual Operations or Chyrurgery Thirdly Medicines or Physick The Diet in the beginning of these Diseases must be very slender because they are very acute or violent and sharp therefore the Patient must be fed only with thin broaths now and then But in the time of the declination of these diseases we may use the same Diet which is prescribed in the Chapter before going treating of the cold Distemper of the Brain The other two means are to be used by this following Method And because sleeping Diseases are sudden and ful of danger they require the Physitians chief diligence and quick application of Medicines First therefore when the Physitian is called to one taken with a sleeping disease he shall endeavor to raise the Patient from his deep sleep by offering violence to al his Sences and laying his eyes towards the Sun-beams and clearest light he must make a great noise in his Ears and he must be called aloud by his own Name He must put sharp things to his Nostrils as Rue Castor Vinegar and sharp things into his Mouth also He must stir up his feeling with pinching pulling of hair by ligature or binding bending of the fingers and the like Make first a Clyster of the common Decoction which is most ready after this manner Take of common Decoction for Clysters one pint and an half Hiera picra and Diaphoenicon of each one ounce Oyl of Rue and of Lillies of each one ounce and an half Honey of Roses two ounces Salt one dram Make a Clyster give it presently While these things are doing the Physitian ought seriously to consider whether Blood-letting be fit or not for in these Diseases as Celsus said Blood-letting either kils or cures and blood-letting is good if blood be the principal cause or the assisting cause or if it be sine quanon that is a cause wirhout which the disease would not be if strength permit But his strength is not to be looked upon as he is in his fit when his Animal Actions are hindred but as it was before the Disease came For if the Patient was formerly strong he will endure blood-letting except the Apoplexy be very strong and if his strength be not taken away by resolution of the parts but by oppression of them then is blood-letting good But if Blood offend no way or if the strength be quite gone or the Patient very old you may omit blood-letting but otherwise presently The first thing to be done either by night or day to one in any of these Diseases is blood-letting nay before the Clyster if it be not already administred But his Arm must first be well rubbed and chafed And this is to be observed That it is more profitable and safe not to let out so much blood at once as you require but by degrees in some hours distance for by the repeating of blood-letting the matter is more easily moved and the strength more preserved Look in the sick mans face after his first loss of blood and feel his pulse for if his face be better colored and more lively and his breath more free and his pulse good there is much hope and you may let blood the second time with more confidence Make the Orifice large otherwise he will not bleed his blood is so thick The more plenty of blood he hath the more he may lose But if flegm abound you must bleed sparingly lest the vital heat be lost which is so absolute necessary for discussing and dissolving of this Disease A singular Example of large and often bleeding in an Apoplexy is laid down by Zacutus Lusitanus in his First Book of the Chief Physitians and his 33. History in these words A certain Noble yong Maid fell first into a general forgetfulness of all things and then into a true Apoplexy with the flowing of her Courses Vnto whom when they had applyed many Medicines both above and beneath as Ligatures sharp Clysters Cupping with Scarrification the Indication which comes from the flowing of the Terms being neglected and danger coming on through continuance I perceiving her strength to be sufficient for it having first rubbed her Thighs very well and placed Cupping Glasses thereon in the space of eight hours opened the head Vein four times and then she began to speak and so recovered Some of our late Practitioners are so bold as to open the Jugular Veins in Apoplexies and say they cure also and in so doing they take this course First they bind the Neck gently with a linnen cloth after the Vein is opened they presently loose it and the blood flows well without a Ligature which might attract it to the head after they heal up the wound with a sticking Plaister without binding and so they affirm the blood will easily stop which Zacutus Lucitanus confirmeth though he useth Ligatures in his 79. Observation in his first Book of the Admirable Practice of Physick where he relates a Story of a most sharp Squinancy in which by the advice of most skilful Physitians the Jugular Veins were opened from whence followed as he saies a most dangerous flux of blood not to be stopt which brought the Patient very weak Zacutus being sent for applies Galens Plaister which he in his 5. Book of Method and 4. Chapter useth with good success for stopping blood in Arteries and Jugulars and bending the Patients Neck gently he comes to his strength and is cured This Plaister is made of Frankinsence Aloes the hairs of a Hare mixt with the white of an Eg having twice as much Frankinsence as Aloes as Galen teacheth in the place mentioned somtimes an equal part of each when the Bodies are harder And Galen commends the operation before written when he saith This Plaister stops the flux of the Jugular Veins without a Ligature or binding But this I would take notice of That the blood doth not flow forth so violently in one that hath an Apoplexy as in one that hath a Squinzy because the blood is congealed as Hippocrates shews in his Second Book of Diseases in the former from whence the Veins and Arteries called Caiodites or Jugulars are stopped but in the latter the blood is hot and thin because they who have the Quinzy have alwaies an acute Feaver withal A
of his who when he had wearied himself with long Study fel into a Catalepsis or Congelation He lay saith he like alog all along not to be bent stiff and stretched out and seemed to behold us with his eyes but spake not a word and he said that he heard us what we said at that time although not evidently and plainly and told us some things that he remembred and said all that stood by him were seen of him and could remember and declare some of their gestures at that time but could not then speak or move one part of his body But Fernelius in his third Book of the Parts of Diseases Chap. 2. relates two Stories which are these One while he being very studious and writing was so suddenly struck with this disease that sitting and holding his pen with his eyes open and looking upon his Book you would have thought he had been hard at study til he was by calling and jogging found to want alsence and motion Another I saw like a dead man lying along with neither seeing hearing nor feeling when he was pinched but he breathed freely and whatsoever was put into his mouth he presently swallowed if he were taken out of his bed he did stand alone but being thrust he would fall down and which way soever his Arm Hand or Leg was set there it stood fixed and firm you would have taken him for a Ghost or some rare Statue You may read the like Stories iâ— Schenkius Marcellus Donatus Rondeletius Jacotius and others From whom you may gather That in this disease there is found a destruction or hinderance of the internal and external Sences with a stiffness of all the Members and somtimes the Sences are not so much hindered but the sick party heareth those that speak unto him somtimes the Members are not so stiff but they may be bent and bowed by them that stand by and put into divers Postures The Causes of this Disease are divers Galen in his Comments Aphor. 3. Sect. 2. saies that a Catalepsis comes from a cold distemper of the Brain which distemper chiefly seizeth upon the hinder part of the Head makes it stiff and thick from whence the Nerves proceeding are also made stiff and such a distemper may seize upon al the Nerves whether it come of an external or an internal cause but some question this cause supposing that no living body can be so cold as to have such a Congelation But Galen answereth this in his 5. Chap. of his Book of the Difference of Diseases by a Reason taken from Experience in these words For those who in a journey are taken with cold which is unto death are thus stiff whom the Greeks call Emprostotonos or Bowers forward Opistotonos or Bowers backward Tetanos extended streight and others that are killed with cold are taken with this Catoche or Congelation Therefore Galen teacheth us that a Catalepsis may be got by external cold and Reason may easily perswade us to it for they which are killed upon the way with great cold do first grow stiff they have a stiffness or Congelation before they die therefore cold may bring a less stifness than that which bringeth Death So we see that Congelation of the Nerves or Catalepsis may come of a cold Distemper and the sooner if it be mixt with a dry distemper But this Disease is most often gotten by a cold and dry distemper joyned with matter that is an Humor or Melancholly Vapor from which cometh a Constipation or Congealing of the hinder part of the Brain and extention of the Nerves and also a stiffness of the same from this humor it cometh I say not only in respect of its quality which is cold and dry but also in respect of its quantity which by repletion makes a distention or stretching forth of the Nerves Aetius in his sixt Book and fourth Chap. saith that a Congelation may be caused of blood Unto which thing Rondeletius consents saying that it comes to pass when the Veins and Arteries of the Brain are so full that the Body groweth stiff and distended or stretched out like those bodies that are congealed with cold weather he confirms his Opinion by a History of a Noble woman taken with a continual Feaver called Synochus who had in the ninteenth day a Congelation which was cured by a large flux of Blood from her Nose Sennertus hath found out a new cause which he saith is a congealing Spirit by which the Animal Spirits are fixed and made immovable he denies that the force of congealing and fixing depends upon a cold and dry distemper but riseth from some hidden quality Such Congealing Spirits are found in the greater World as in Thunder when men are thereby made stiff and as it were congealed As Cardanus reports of eight Mowers which supping under an Oak were struck with Thunder so as they kept the same shape of Body the one seeming to eat the other to lay hold of the pot another to drink when they were all dead It is usually reported that Wine wil be congealed in the Vessel by the spirit of Thunder In Earth-quakes many times such Spirits break forth suddenly out of the Earth as make men and other living Creatures to be stiff and stark Moreover Sennertus addeth that there is great congealing force in Nitre and other Minerals he brings no Examples We shal only bring one Instance taken from Lead whose Vapor doth so fix and congeal Mercury or Quick-silver that it becomes thereby malleable or to be beaten with the hammer This Opinion of Sennertus were not wholly to be rejected if he had not made this the only cause of the disease and cast off al the rest which when they are allowed and confirmed by Galen and the best of Authors are not easily to be cast off and denyed Nor is it needful that we fal to hidden Causes when there are enough visible and manifest able to produce such effects as is before declared And when Sennertus saies that this his congealing spirit is caused of a melancholly humor he seemeth to differ from the common Opinion which is That a Congelation cometh of a cold and dry or Melancholly vapor The Knowledg of this Disease or Diagnosis is manifest from the Stories of Galen and Fernelius already mentioned for the evil befals a man quickly and leaves him in that posture in which it found him and keeps him unmoved as if he were congealed The diversity of Symptoms which we propounded before is seen plainly We foretel this Disease by the same signs as we do other sleeping Diseases as the Symptoms are greater or less so is the Disease more or less dangerous The way of Cure is Two-fold either in the time of the fit or out of the fit In the fit you may use those Medicines which are set down for sleeping Diseases Out of the fit you must labor to cure Melancholly the disease so called if the Congelation come from a Melancholly humor or
of three fingers and when Galen understood that he fel from his Chariot upon his back he concluded that some part was hurt in the original of that nerve which comes from the seventh Vertebrae or Spondil therefore after he had in vain applied Medicines to the fingers he used means to the back and so wrought a brave Cure The Diagnosis or knowledg of the Causes of this Disease if fetcht from the primary Causes the Diseases afore going and the temperament and constitution of the sick party And therefore when external cold Causes and moist went before when the patient is old when he is flegmatick of Constitution the weather cold diet cold and moist and an Apoplexy hath formerly been it signifies that a disease is approaching from a Cold Distemper and Flegmatick Humor But when a Palsey is caused of a Chollerick Humor or Melancholly these signs declare Feavers did go before or are present a Chollerick temper and Constitution or else a Melancholly one the coming of the disease in hot weather Summer or Autumn the use of Spices Salt and other hot Meats heavy and long passions of Mind avoiding of chollerick or melanchollick humors sharp and sowr many sharp defluxions falling upon divers parts and putting them to pain and lastly when pain and a convulsion accompany the diminishing of Sence and Motion and the patient is the worse when he takes hot and dry things but the better by the use of cold and moist When Tumors Luxations or Dislocations or Wounds cause a Palsey they are evident of themselves As for the Prognostick part in the Treaty of this Disease you may foretel events as followeth 1 A Palsey coming of flegm fixed to the substance of the nerves is hardly cured because it wil not be easie to discuss or divide the Flegm from the nerves by reason of their coldness and their weakness in expulsion or sending forth of that which offendeth which must co-operate or work together with the Medicine and in regard of the deep scituation of the Spina and Nerves so as the whol force of the Medicine cannot reach them and because the Patient must of necessity continue long in the use of Medicines which for the most part people cannot endure and therefore wil not be cured 2 A Palsey coming after an Apoplexy is seldom cured and often returns into an Apoplexy by a new flowing of the same matter into the Brain which is made weak by the former disease 3 A trembling coming upon or after a Palsey is healthful for it signifieth that the passages of the nerves are somwhat open by which some of the Animal Spirit beginneth to pass for to move the Muscles 4 If the part affected hath an actual heat in it there is hope of health but if it be alwaies actually cold it is difficult to be cured 5 An Atrophy or want of Nourishment in the Paralytick part with great paleness takes away al hope of cure for it doth not only signifie a decay of the animal Spirit but a neer extinction of the shews natural heat 6 If the Eye on that side which the Palsey happeneth be hurt thereby there is little hope for it a great want of Spirits in that part 7 A Palsey in the Legs and Feet is easier cured than in the upper parts because those Nerves are harder and stronger 8 In old men the Palsey is incurable by reason of their want of natural heat 9 In Winter a Palsey cannot be cured but in the Spring and Summer it may if other things agree 10 A strong Feaver coming upon a Palsey is good for it may consume the matter which causeth it 11 A Diarrhoea or loosness coming upon a new and weak Palsey is good for Rhasis saith 1. Cont. that he hath seen many Paralyticks cured by a Diarrhoea The Cure of this Disease is to be altered according to the variety of the Causes And since for the most part it cometh of flegm and a cold distemper we must labor chiefly to take away that cause which we must begin to do by a general clensing and emptying of the whol Body As for bleeding it can scarce do any good because the fault is not in the Blood but Flegm and this disease comes for the most part to old men such as are flegmatick and cold by nature But if plenty of crude blood unconcocted seems to produce flegm and to feed it we may open a vein in his Arm on the sound side of his Body but take but little blood least his weak natural heat should be extinguished After we have omitted blood-letting or taken a very little away we must go on to take away the antecedent Cause which is a cold distemper of the Brain which must be done as before was shewed by Apozemes or opening drinks by Pills sweating Diet Bags for the head Emplaisters Errhines for the nose neezings Masticatories Gargarisms that draw flegm Vesicatories or Blisters or Cupping head pouders Caps Fumes Magistral Syrups ordinary Pills a strengthening Opiate or Electuary by Caustick or burning by digestive Pouder and Baths A Diet Drink in this disease ought to be made of Guajacum alone and his Bark and after he hath taken a draught he must have hot bricks applied to the diseased parts but first they must be quenched in a Decoction of this good for the head made with white Wine and Vinegar and be wrapped in a linnen cloth for the stirring up of the weak heat which is in the parts and every fourth or fifth day you must purge but it is better to give a purging drink fifâ—een daies before you give the sweating that al the load of crude humors may be better cast out and afterwards the reliques and remainder may be discussed by the habit of the Body Which may be thus made Take of the chips of Guajacum three ounces of the bark of the same one ounce of spring Water four pints Infuse them twenty four hours then let them boyl to the consumption of half adding in the conclusion one ounce of Senna Turbith and Hermodacts of each two drams Let him take half a pint of this strained every morning for fifteen daies not sweating Apply a Caustick to the hinder part of the Head or to the sound Arm if the other be affected If the Legs be affected apply a Caustick to them both After his Diet let him use for his ordinary Drink a Decoction of Guajacum or Water and Honey wherein hath a little Rosemary been boyled Let him abstain from Wine which is very hurtful in this Disease but if he desire to drink Wine let Bettony and Sage be boyled therein And it is far better if in the Vintage time those Herbs are put into a full Vessel of new Wine If the Disease be perverse and stubborn omitting the usual Pills and Magistral Syrup after his Diet use stronger Medicines made thus Take of Pill Foetida the greatest and Pill Cochie the less each half a dram of Troches of Alhandal four
goeth by fits when in a Coma it comes all at once A true Epilepsy is distinguished from an Epilepsy by consent thus In the true there appears many signs of the Brain affected as heaviness of mind and slowness decay of memory troublesom sleep with dreams dulness of sences slowness and idleness of Body pain of the head and other things Moreover the sick man doth not perceive the fit coming but is suddenly taken therewith unawares at the new Moon for the most part The due proportion of the inferior parts being without blemish do confirm this sign But we may know whether it come from the right or left side of the head most By this either the sight of one eye is more obscured or the hearing more thick with the noise of the head on that side or if the right or left side be more dull But we may know from what humor especially an Epilepsy cometh by those signs which declare when flegm choller or melancholly abound An Epilepsy by consent is thus known There appear no signs of a distempered Brain the Patient perceives his Disease Coming and a wind rising from the parts below or some lower part is weakened or else affected strongly in the time of the fit These things following do shew that the Cause of an Epilepsy is in the stomach Disdain of meat an inability to fast loathing vomiting pain of the stomach gnawing pricking and distention somtimes beating of the heart which ariseth from the Stomach That the disease comes from the Liver or Spleen appears by often belching and breaking of wind a swelling of the belly with rumbling and noise sowr belchings straitness of the Midrif and pain somtimes reaching to the back besides some distemper in inferior parts An Hysterick fit or the Mother mixt with Convulsions if a retaining of the Courses or Seed went before shews that it comes from the Womb. If the Epilepsy comes from an external part some wind is perceived to rise from that part and the matter causing the Disease somtimes tickleth and beateth in the part which is a sign there is a fit at hand and if that part be tied hard the fit is hindred Lastly The Signs of worms shew that the disease come from them as stinking sowr Breath itching of the Nose pain of the Belly earthy Excrements grating of the teeth sleepiness and the like especially if somtimes worms are voided But the extraordinary Causes as Imposthumation foulness of a Bone stopping of urine and the like may be taken from their proper signs As to the Prognostick An Epilepsy is a Disease of long continuance and very stubborn and deadly in Infants An Epilepsy coming haereditary is incurable but that which comes from external causes and evil diet is curable An Epilepsy coming before fourteen yeers of age in Boyes and twelve in Girls is curable after twenty five yeers of age it is incurable out of Hippocrates Aph. 7. Sect. 5. For in the time of ripeness of Age there is great store of Natural heat which is powerful to discuss-Diseases Moreover at that time women begin to have their terms by which the uncleanness of the Body is purged Yet although Hippocrates supposed an Epilepsy to be incurable after twenty five yeers of age yet this is not alwaies true for we find by experience that many have been cured after although but seldom seen therefore we may say that the Aphorism is true for the most part A strong Epilepsy often killeth the Patient in the fit or it turns into an Apoplexy or by reason of the strength of the symptomes and the violent shaking of the Brain the Fabrick of the Body it is overthrown and some parts thereof are broken and it happens somtimes that pieces of the bones called Processus Mammillares come out of the Nose An Epilepsy coming of Melancholly turns somtimes into madness when the humor is sent from the Ventricles of the Brain into the substance thereof The same humor when it is only in the Ventricles of the Brain stopping them and paining them causeth an Epilepsy But when it offends the substance of the Brain which is the seat of the chief â—unctions by defiling its Natural temper and corrupting the Animal Spirits and darkening them it makes a Mâ—lancholly doting Hence Hippocrates 6. epid sect 8. text 40 saith that Melancholly men turn for the most part Epileptick and Epileptick to Melancholly But these Diseases thus change in a two-fold respect either by the change of the matter causing the Disease from its proper seat and so when one comes another goes or by the propagation of the matter and then both remain An Epilepsy coming of flegm turns either into an Apoplexy or a Palsey A Quartan Ague coming upon an Epilepsy and continuing long cureth it by reason the matter of the Diseaâ—e is by degrees coâ—â—â—â—ned by the heat of the Feaver if it be of flegm but if it come of Melancholly it is sent from the part affected to the place where the ground of the disease lieth that it may supply matter to the new sits The â—ure of the Epilepsy is two-fold the one in the fit the other out of it Physitians are seldom called to the Cure of the fit except it continue over long in which cafe those Remedies which we laid down in the Cure of sleepy Diseases especially the Apoplectick Water the Cinnamon Water Aqua vitae and other Spirits which are very proper to discuss the fit Out of your fit you must vary your Cure as the Cause requires And first we shal lay down the Cure of a proper Epilepsy which consists in Evacuation of humors throughout the body in the discussing of the matter of the Disease and rectifying its evil qualities as also in strengthning of the Brain And since the matter offending in a true Epilepsy is for the most part Flegm we will direct our general Cure in oppoâ—â—tion to that admonishing yong beginners that if Choller or Melancholly abound they would prepare and purge them But the specifical Remedies are alwaies the same of what cause soever the Disease doth come For a perfect Cure we must thus proceed First Give him a Potion to purge flegm or some other Medicine to that purpose which the Patient can best take mentioned in the first Chapter First giving a Clyster if his body be bound After if there be signs of Repletion or if the party be Sangume he must be let blood otherwise not Afterwards the Universal Cure of the cold distemper of the Brain is to be followed with this Caution That to the Decoctions Apozemes Diets Sweats Syrups Chewings and head Pouders you ad the Root and Seed of Peony and Misleto of the Oak which all ancient Authors hold to be most proper for the Cure of this disease For his Dâ—et Guajacum is the best Sweater By the use of which Jachinus reports that he cured many but let it be continued thirty or fourty daies To every Dose of the Sudorifick Decoction put some drops
shew the part affected that containeth the mine or matter of the Disease as also those which shew the humor offending Pain of the Head shews that a Vertigo cometh from a Disease of the Brain which is a true or proper Vertigo Also Heaviness and the loss of some Sence as Dimness of sight noise in the Ears thickness of hearing decay of smelling and tasting the beating of the Arteries of the Head when other parts are free The signs that shew what the matter is that offendeth are these That abundance of flegm offendeth is signified by a dulness of the internal and external Sences heaviness of Head slowness of motion drouziness much spitting want of Appetite want of Thirst white Urine and crude with the other signs of abundance of flegm But watchings wrath nimbleness in actions thirst bitterness of mouth quickness of pulse a thin and yellow Urine and the like shew that the Chollerick matter offendeth The signs of a Melancholly matter are Fear sorrow troublesom thoughts much watching fearful dreams sowr belchings and the like The signs of Blood abounding are Stretching of the Veins with fulness redness of face and heat beating of the Temples heaviness and distention in the head long sleep dreams of red things weariness reaching thick and red Urine somtimes thin and transparant by the ascention of the blood into the head A Vertigo by Consent is known by the want of those Symptomes which come from the Head when no disorder is found in the Brain but rather some part beneath is sensibly hurt These things shew that a Vertigo comes from the stomach want of appetite loathing sowr belchings pain of the stomach or swelling with wind That a Vertigo comes from the Liver Spleen or Matrix by Consent the same signs declare which were laid down in an Epilepsy by Consent coming from the same parts in the Chapter aforegoing The Prognostick or foreknowledg of this Disease is thus A new Vertigo that comes but seldom and which comes only from external Causes is more light and easier cured On the contrary that which is old and comes often turneth for the most part into an Epilepsy or Apoplexy A Vertigo in an old man is most dangerous because his Brain is colder and weaker and flegm doth more abound A Vert go in which not only external things but also the Head and whol Body seem to be turned about and which happens with hurt to the sight is more dangerous for it signifies greater force in the cause of it and if the sick man falls to the ground it foretels an Epilepsy or Apoplexy A Vertigo coming of hot Humors is sooner dissolved than that which comes of cold because hot Humors are sooner dispersed The Cure of the Vertigo is much like that of the Epilepsy because both Diseases come almost of the same Causes whence it comes that a Vertigo often turns into an Epilepsy But because a Vertigo is a lighter Disease it doth not need so many Medicines as an Epilepsy but they will serve which we will here lay down and also we shal demonstrate in short what is that which this Disease most properly requireth for its Cure In the first place Therefore if blood abound in the whol body or in the head you must open a Vein and let the blood out by degrees giving before a Clyster that is somwhat sharp After that give the ordinary Purge which is prescribed in the Cure of the cold Distemper of the Brain Afterwards we must come to the particular Evacuations of the Brain by Errhines Sternutatories and Gargarisms or Apophlegmatisms mentioned in the first Chapter Cupping glasses dry and with Scarrification Frictions of the extream parts and opening of the Hemorrhoids are to be used for to cause revulsion Apply Vesicatories and Cauteries for derivation and at last use those things which strengthen the Brain and disperse Vapors and Humors as well externally as internally as Opiates Pouders and Bags that are described in the first Chapter And you must not omit the digestive Pouder because the weakness of the Stomach often causeth this Disease And lastly You must use those Medicines which are esteemed by special quality to cure the Vertigo such as are those which were prescribed for the Cure of the Epilepsy namely Antepileptick Waters a Balsom to anoint the Nostrils Temples and Crown of the head Oyl of Amber Pouder of Cinnaber and many other Moreover Quercetanus in the twentieth Chapter of his Dispensatory commends a Medicine made of Peacocks dung whose Preparation and manner of use may be seen in the Author If the Disease do obstinately resist the propounded Remedies you must fall to a Diet of the Decoction of Guajacum A 〈◊〉 in the fore part of the Head is much commended by Zacutus Lusitanus in his first Book of Admirable Practice Obs 38. in these words A certain man was so troubled with a dark Vertigo that his Brain did almost continually seem to run round and when he had tried many Medicines and there was fear of an Apoplexy to follow with no other means besides general and particular Evacuations and Fontanels or Issues in divers parts and a Seton in the nape of the Neck could he be cured but with a Cautery in the fore part of the â—ead by which only beyond the expectation of Physitians I have cured many of the Falling-sickness letting them run a long time CHAP. X. Of Tremor or Trembling TRemor is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek it is a voluntary Motion depraved by which the Member is somtimes elevated somtimes depressed through the mutual contention between the faculty and the part affected It is called a depraved motion from Galen 2. de sympt caus chap. 1. and he saies the same in his Book of the Difference of Symptomes chap. 3. but he seems to contradict himself when in his Book of Trembling chap. 4. he reckons Trembling among the Motions which are diminished But that contradiction may be reconciled by saying that Motion may be considered two waies Either in respect of it self or in respect of the faculty If it be considered in respect of it self it is depraved because it is not in that manner it ought to be if it be considered in respect of the faculty it is a deminished motion because it comes from a faculty so weak that it cannot produce motion strong enough But one may instance That the action is alwaies diminished when comes from a weak faculty but never depraved I answer That it is true if al the actions depend upon the faculty but Trembling comes partly from the Faculty partly from the heaviness of the part therefore it is a depraved Motion The moving faculty desireth to lift up the Member and to keep it in that Position but the weight of the Member presseth it downwards whence comes a trembling Motion The Mediate Cause of Trembling is weakness of the Motive Faculty or rather of its nearest Instrument that is the Animal Spirit which is not
pass by the great consent which is between the Brain and the Diaphragma through the Nerves that come thither and by the perpetual motion of the Diaphragma or Midriff by reason whâ—reof continual vapors are sent to the Brain The Cause of a true Phrenzy is Chollerick blood to which there is joyned also Excrementitious Choller and this produceth a greater or less Phrenzy according to its divers degrees namely in heat and adustion So a Pale Choller produceth the mildest Phrenzy and an Adust or burnt Choller stirs up a bestial Phrenzy But when the Brain is inflamed and the Membranes thereof the Chollerick blood is out of its Vessels and shed abroad into the substance of those parts which is done Two wayes either when the Brain is principally affected or when it is affected by Sympathy The Brain is primarily affected when it doth immediately grow hot from an external Cause as from the Sun-beams drinking of Wine Wrath and the like so that the blood which is contained in the veins of the Brain is moved and carried out of its Vessels and this may come from a wound or stroak or contusion of the head And a Phrenzy so coming may be called a primary or principal Phrenzy But a secondary Phrenzy is that which follows burning and malignant Feavers when a part of that humor which causeth the Disease is carried to the head It followeth many times in these Feavers That Nature being disturbed by the malignity of the Cause which maketh the Disease sends some portion thereof to some flesh between the skin and the bone whence we see Pluresies shortness of Breathings Squinseys Hipatitides or Inflamations from the Vena porta and other parts to follow these Feavers So if these humors are sent to the Brain they make a true Phrenzy and then the Feaver goes before the Delirium or doting But in primary Phrenzies a Delirium appears with the Feaver from the beginning The Signs which declare a Phrenzy to come are these watchings troublesome slâ—ep much talk an urin that is first thick and after thin and perspicuous heat of the head for these declare that hot matter is carried to the head the eyes are altered because the brain being hurt they want the animal spirit There is a pain about the hinder part of the head because the jugular veins are carried to that part and send forth the Chollerick blood These are the signs of a Phrenzy present a continual doting because the Brain is alwayes affected troublesome watchings coming from the hot distemper of the Brain seldom and great violent breathing because men in Phrenzies forget to breath for when by forgetfulness or great trouble of the mind by many fancies which are presented to a doting imagination and with-draw the animal spirits Respiration or breathing is very seldom it is made up with the greatness of the blast Moreover in a Phrenzy there is no thirst or very little albert there are strong causes of thirst present because the mind is sick and the animal spirits by reason the Brain is hurt do not send their beams to the mouth of the stomack wherâ—unto thirst belongeth The Pulse is weak because the heart suffers with the brain hard because the Membrana is inflamed quick and often by reason of the great urging and somthing moist because the brain is affected Moreover there is a continual Feaver because the inflamation of the brain must of necessity cause a Feaver The tongue is rough black and yellow by reason of the Chollerick vapors which dry up its moisture An Hectical or Habitual Phrenzy is known from Hippocrat 1. Prorrhet text 33. by smal doting and little perceived when the sick do not speak but lie still and seem to sleep But a Phrenzy or Phrenitis is diâ—tinguished from a Paraphrenitis in this The Disease which produceth that is sooner known than a Delirium or Doting and by the encrease or diminution of that the Delirium is encreased or diminished and somtimes it intermits and is not constant But a Paraphrenitis springing from the Inflamation of the Midriff in which there is a constant doting is distinguished by other signs Namely â—ecause in a true Phrenzy there is great and seldom breathing but in the other little and often Little because the Diaphragma or Midriff being inflamed cannot easily be extended and dilated Often for necessity that the smalness might be made good by the frequency Moreover in a true Phrenzy the voyce is high and the Patient cryes out loud in the other the voice is low because the instrument of Breathing is hindered And lastly In the inflamation of the Midriff the Hypocondria are drawn up according to Hippocrates in Coacis and the reason is because the Midriff is covered beneath with a Membrana coming from the Peritoneum and therefore when it is inflamed it contracts the Peritoneum and with it the Hypochondria Lastly The Signs of the Causes may be known from the predominancy of the Humor in the whol Body and from the manner of the Delirium For a pale Choller makes a more gentle Phrenzy a yellow Choller make a more violent an adust Choller makes the most violent But Chollerick blood causeth the most mild of al. The Prognostick of this Disease is for the most part deadly for few escape in regard a noble part of the body is affected with a great Disease The greatest hope of recovery is when there is Dotage with laughter and a decrease of Symptoms continuance of strength as also when after the height of the Disease there happeneth some beneficial evacuation as sweat blood or looseness But these shew the Disease to be deadly The Tongue quavering and Hand trembling gnashing of Teeth Convulsion a great Chilness or Cold in the beginning of the Disease as also when the Patient picketh the Wooll or Straws about his bed You may farther Collect Death to be at hand by a drop of black blood flowing from the Nostrils by white stools white and thin urine For al these signifie a great oppression of the Brain or a flowing of Choller from the whole body to the part affected For the Cure of this Disease the blood that flows to the Head must be let forth and revelled derived repelled and intercepted and that which was there before must be evacuated and discussed The distemper of that part must be corrected the strength of it and of the whole body is to be preserved All these things may be done with the following Medicines In the beginning of the Disease at any time of the day you must let blood out of the Head vein because the Disease is very violent giving a Clyster before or if blood do much abound out of the Liver vein or first out of the middle vein and a little after out of the Head vein If the Disease come from stoppage of the Terms or Hemorrhoids upon the vein called Saphena in the foot In the next place you must open the Chephalick or Head vein that you may draw forth
of Chamomel and of Dill mixed with Oyl of Roses But among Resolving Medicines the chiefest are Creatures newly killed and applied to the head or pieces of them as yong Pidgeons Chickens Puppies cut along the Back and Sheeps Lights for they fortifie the part with their Natural heat discuss the humor and qualifie the sharpness thereof Which things if you have tried one or two daies and have found no benefit Mercatus teacheth to apply a Cupping glass to the crown of the head that the humors may breath through the Sutures into the Skin and if it appearâ—red and be swelled under the Cupping glass to scarifie This Counsel he saith if followed wil do good when al things besides fail especially if you bath presently after with sweet Water in which you have boyled some discussing Medicines But he adviseth that this be not used in Phrenzies that come from other Feavers but only in that which beginneth of its self This Remedy is confirmed by Zacutus Lucitanus who saies that he cured a most desperate Phrenzy by applying a Cupping Glass to the fore part of the Head with Scarrification Some are so bold as to apply Vesicatories or Medicines to raise Blisters to the fore part of the Head which they say hath somtimes had success But this requires extraordinary premeditation before it be used For his Drink let the Patient use Barley Water or Water made of Sorrel Roots with Syrup of Pomegranates Barberries or Lemmons or let him drink this following Infusion Take of Spring Water two pints the Leaves of Sorrel and wild Poppies of each half a handful the Flowers of Borrage Water-lillies and Violets of each half a pugil the spirit of Vitriol one dram red Sanders rasped two scruples Let them be infused for some hours cold then strain them with a Cap paper and ad as much Sugar as is sufficient to make it pleasant There is in this Disease for the most part a stoppage of Urine because the Patient neglecteth to make it from whence those parts that contain it are distended and bring so great an Inflamation that it alone is able to bring death to the Patient Therefore you must often call upon the Patient to make water and you must foment the place where the Bladder lieth with warm Water and drive the Urine forth by the compression of the hand But if the Symptomes do not yeild to these light Medicines you must proceed to stronger Take of the Leaves of Pellitory of the wall two handfuls Parsley with its roots one handful Boyl them and after they are strained ad three ounces of the Oyl of Scorpions and foment the hairy place of the Privities therewith Let the remainder of this Decoction after the straining be fryed in a pan with the Oyl of Scorpions and applied to the same part after the Fomentation If you desire a stronger Decoction ad the Seeds of Smallage Parsley Gromwel Seselis or large and broad Cummin of each two drams You may also profitably apply this following Oyntment after the Fomentation Take of the Fat of a Rabbit and of Oyl of Scorpions of each two ounces Smallage Seeds Parsley seeds Asarabacca and Cummin seeds finely poudered of each half a dram Make an Oyntment Chap. XII Of the Imposthume and Spacelus or Mortification of the Brain THe Imposthume and Mortification of the Brain is described by few Authors although it was observed by Hippocrates in his 3. Book of Diseases and happeneth somtimes in Practice and deluding those Physitians who are not well grounded making them conceive it to be another Disease Now a Spacelus or Mortification of the Brain is a suppuration or corruption or matter of the substance of the Brain which is called a Gangrene Syderation or blasting of the Brain The Immediate cause whereof is an Inflamation of the substance of the Brain which is distinguished from a Phrenzy in this In a Phrenzy the Membranes are chiefly inflamed and they do communicate an inflamation to the external part adjoyning but in this Disease the inward parts of the Brain are inflamed and the whol substance thereof is putrified for so great an inflamation in a most tender part and moist will quickly produce a Spacelus or Mortification The Cause of this Inflamation is Blood over-heated or over chollerick running into the Body and internal parts of the Brain The Primary Causes are all such things as produce hot and much Blood in the whol Body which is sent to the Brain as violent Exercise the heat of the Sun heat of the head by Fire Wrath and the like But great Wounds do more usually produce this Disease as also Contusions But a Spacelus or Imposthume coming from a Wound or Contusion is different from the former in this An Imposthume made by a Fall or Contusion doth nâ— possess so many parts of the Brain but for the most part adhaereth to one Hence the Symptomes are higher especially in the beginning and the Diâ—eâ—â—e continueth longer The Sâ—gns of an Imposthume or Spacelus which cometh without a Wound or Contusion are these In the beginning there is a great Head-ach which is communicated by the hinder part of the head to the neck and all the back after which comes a general decay of all the Sences both internal and external as in an Apoplexy from which it is distinguished by the Signs hereafter mentioned The Patient is tossed to and fro and cannot remain in the same place he layeth hold with his hands upon his head and desires to tear and scratch his face plucking his hair but as the Disease enâ—reaseth his Body groweth faint and cannot use such violence A most sharp and strong Feaver alwaies accompanyeth this Disease which comes from the great Inflamation of the brain Lastly In this Disease the Patient never takes meat or drink neither can you take any course to give them any thing and therefore their strength soon faileth An Imposthume by a Wound or Contusion is known by these signs following After the Wound or Contusion is received there is a kind of numbness and sadness in the Body the Animal Spirits beginning to be weakened by the matter which is got out of its Vessel When the Disease encreaseth there ariseth a kind of Feaver when the matter begins to putrifie thence comes head-ach and drouziness after when putrefaction is encreased al the symptomes grow stronger the Feaver sharper the Patient rising from sleep suddenly roareth out and then presently lyeth down again he often brings his hand to his head Hence it is that many before they die do send forth filthy green matter out of their mouth and nose As to the Prognostick part thus This Disease is most dangerous and commonly deadly even in three daies space as Hippocrates sheweth in his 51. Aphorism Sect. 7. saying That they who have a mortified and putrified brain die in three daies but if they live longer they recover Galen in his Comments teacheth that we are not to understand here by a
Spacelus a compleat corruption of the Brain because that is uncurable but such as is at hand by reason of the great Inflamation In those which recover who are very few there is no remembrance of things past they can neither remember their Disease nor any thing concerning it We must make great hast for the Cure of this Disease for if we do not apply Remedies in the beginning there is no time for Cure Therefore in the first beginning of this Disease we must let blood in great plenty and very often twice or thrice or four times in the same day as strength will permit for al the hope of the Cure lyeth in this only Remedy for when a great quantity of blood possesseth the substance of the Brain which is large soft and moist we cannot make so great a revulsion from thence except we draw almost all the blood in the veins and here that common saying of Celsus is to be observed Many things are done well in time of sudden danger which at other times may be omitted You must also give sharp Clysters every day that the humors which tend upwards may be brought down At the same time apply those Medicines of Rose Vinegar preâ—cribed in the Chapter of Phrenzy For the greater revulsion and derivation apply Cupping-glasses to the Shoulders and Back with deep scarification use Frictions and Ligatures to the extream parts first open the Ankle Veins then the Forehead and the Arteries in the Temples apply Hors-leeches behind the Ears and to the Hemorrhoids Vesicatories to the Neck and Arms and other Medicines which we prescribed in the cure of the Phrenzy At last if the Disease decline you must apply to the head things that gently resolve among which the best is the hot Lungs of a Sheep newly slain CHAP. XIII Of Mania or Madness MAnia is Delirium without a Feaver with raging and fury It is distinguished from a Phrenzy in that there is in a Phrenzy an acute Feaver coming from the inflamation of the Brain and its Membranes But a Mania hath no Feaver in respect of its Being but a Feaver may be joyned with a Mania coming from some other cause but not from that which produceth a Mania And therefore in a Phrenzy a Feaver is syâ—ptomatical but in a Mania it is essential and original coming from some other cause And â—â— is Galen to be understood Book 3. de loc affect chap. 7. where he saâ—th The 〈…〉 which is made of Choller burnt begets beastial madness somtimes without somtimes 〈◊〉 a Fâ—aver It is distinguished from Melancholly by the symptomes which declare the disease for Mania is with fury and boldness but Melancholly is with fear and sorrow The immediate causes of a Mania according to Galen is a cold and dry distemper coming oâ— black Choller which is urged with many difficulties For if there were such a distemper in the Brain that it would disturb the Mind it should produâ—â— a Feaver when a less heat than will produce a Delirium can produce a Feaver as appears in thâ—â— that are inflamed by the Sun To this Doubt divers Authors answer diversly the Answer of the most solid is That the 〈◊〉 which produceth a Feaver must be â—moaky that the vapors sent to the heart may cause it and this vaporing heat ought to be in a moist matter such as is in putrid Feavers but in a madness the Humors are adust and burnt so that no Vapors can arâ—â—e from them In one word they â—ay That the heat in a Madness or Mania is as â—eat in a live coal but heat in a Feaver is as heat in the flame 〈◊〉 â—nd this answer is urged with a strong instance namely in a Hectick Feaver there is more consumption of moisture than in a Mania yet the Feaver continueth to the absolute consumption of all moisture even Radical also and the death of the Patient Plaâ—erus being perswaded by this and other Reasons supposeth that besides the hot and dry distemper there is a malignant and venemous quality which is the chief cause of a Delirium A great probability for this Opinion is That a raging from the Mother comes from Seed corrupted and poysoned in that part Because Hydrophobia or fear of water which is a kind or Mania coming from the biting of a mad dog is caused in any constitution without the mixture of Melancholly And the disease which comes from the bite of a Tarantula is called a kind of Madness And lastly certain poysons do cause madness as is reported of the Brain of a Weesil and Nightshade Therefore it is probable that some certain poyson bred in the Body may be the chief cause of madness since malignant Feavers which are very mild and so somtimes that the pulse and Urine is like to those that are in health use to produce Deliriums more than burning Feavers without malignity And Experience teacheth us that Madness happens often not only in Melancholly men but also in all Natures and Ages especially if it be haereditary or come from Parents and it is often cured by hot Medicines which have special vertue against it But we must conâ—ess that this disease is oftenest in Melancholly people because that humor is more fit to receive such poyson And Galen seems to acknowledg that malignity to come upon Melancholly in his Comment upon Aphor. 56. Sect. 6. where he saith That the cause of a Mania is a Melancholly humor not alwaies but when it is burnt above measure or when it is putrified and hath received a malignant sharpness There remains yet one dimculty That mad men can endure the coldest weather naked without hurt and to be hot externally which shews an extraordinary heat But we answer That this is not proper to all mad folks for some cannot endure cold but go as warm as they can And the other are not disturbed with the external air by reason of Custom because from custom there is no passion so we see tender women in Winter go with naked Breasts which are hot to the touch albeit according to Hippocrates cold is a great enemy to the Breast The matter producing this Disease is contained in the veins and arteries either of the whol body or those neerest to the Brain or in the vessels of the Brain and in respect of the difference of the place containing greater or lighter symptomes do arise Somtimes the matter causing this disease is in the Vessels of the Matrix as Blood and Seed corrupted hence cometh the raging called Furor Vterinus If the matter offending be in all the Veins or those neer the Brain there is a continual madness but if it be shut up only in one part the disease hath intermission and comes by fits The signs by which it is known sometimes shews the disease to be present sometimes that it is growing For the knowledg of Madness to come first consider the Natural disposition of the Patient which is chollerick or melancholly So in Hippocrates 2. epid 5.
neither doth the example of a Spunge prove any thing which will not empty its self in the Air. But this Opinion delivered by Hippocrates in lib. de loc in homine seems to be true Fluxions saith he come of cold when the flesh and veins of the head are extended for those when the head is cold and contracted bound together and excluding do strain forth moisture And also the flesh doth assist them and the hairs are on end as being every where strongly pressed and therefore whatsoever is strained from thence falls where it is occasioned From whence is manifest That a Coarctation and compression of the Parts may be made by cold and from thence a humor may be expressed Neither doth it hinder that densation or thickening of humors which is made by cold as was said for it may be so when the whol body is equally cold But when the external parts are offended by sudden cold they are presently straitened and strain the humor contained Of less force is that Argument against the Spunge that it is not expressed by the cold Air for there is another Reason to be given of living parts whose heat and spirits fly from the sence of cold and cause the parts wherin they are to be contracted which cannot be in a Spunge ful of Water Yet we must confess that this is not the only way by which a Defluxion comes through cold for cold of the feet will produce a Catarrh by communicating a cold distemper to the brain by the chiefest Nerves that come through the marrow of the back bone and this coolness goes into the innermost parts of the brain not the external as cold air which affects the head immediately therefore we may rather think in this case that the retentive faculty of the brain is weakened by cold of the head so that it cannot contain the superfluous humors which are many but lets them flow forth There is also another way very usual by which a Catarrh of a cold cause cometh namely The stoppage of the external pores especially in the time wherein the body requireth most sweat Hence it comes that men very much inflamed running suddenly into the cold air are troubled with Catarrhs So Catarrhs comes to be most frequent in Autumn because the Body being made thin and the ports opened in the Summer casting forth many excrements by insensible transpiration if they be presentsently stopped by contraction of the body with cold do cause humors and vapors to fly into the head and center of the brain So about the beginning of Autumn there are not only Catarrhs but also abundance of watery humors are sent forth by most men in their urine and by stool which cause fluxes of the Belly at that time But if any ask why defluxions do not last al Winter when by reason of cold the pores are alwaies stopped We answer That Nature doth in Winter discharge her self by other waies rather than by sweat namely by stool urine and spittle How great that Evacuation is which is usually by insensible transpiration or sweat is pleasantly taught by Sanctorius in his Book de Statica Medicina where he saith That it is larger than all the sensible Evacuations put together so that if the meat and drink of one day be eight pound in weight the insensible transpiration will be five pound he is very curious in this matter What light he hath left to the finding out of Causes and Curing Diseases I leave to be judged by the Learned In the part receiving you must consider the imbecillity or other disposition to receive and attract defluxion In regard of weakness it is an usual saying among Physitians That the stronger parts do alwaies lay their superfluous burden upon the weaker as in Common-wealths the Great Ones lay the chiefest burden upon the poor Commons Now the weakness of the parts is either Natural or Adventitious A Natural weakness comes from the softness and loosness of the parts from the Glandles and Lungs do easily entertain defluxions But an Adventitious weakness is from a distemper or from solution of continuity A cold distemper by weakening the Native heat causeth the part to have less power to resist the humor flowing unto it And also a Solution of continuity or wound makes the part more fit to receive defluxions by its weakness hence arose the use of Cauteries or Issues because the part being thereby weakened the humors do flow from other parts unto it And so the Lungs being ulcerated receive the humors from the head and from al other parts Among other dispositions for the attracting of a defluxion heat is chiefly to be reckoned for we may observe that parts inflamed do plentifully attract humors So in a Consumption many humors are drawn from the head to the lungs not only by reason of the ulcer but also by reason of the inflamation Whence Hippocrates speaking of a Phthiâ—is or Consumption in his first Book of Diseases saith thus The Lungs beâ—ng inflamed draw humors from the whole Body and especially from the Head and the Head being made hot from the Body spits forth that thick matter There are two waies by which the humors are carried from the head into the inferior parts either internal or external The internal way is when the humor flows from the parts under the Skull chiefly from the Ventricles of the Brain and makes divers diseases and symptomes according to the diversity of the parts receiving of which some have peculiar names according to those vulgar Verses in Schola Salerni That Rhewm is call'd Catarrhus which doth fall Vpon the Breast upon the Jaws we call It Branchus Coryza through the Nose doth fall When the Humor flows upon the Breast the Disease keeps the general name of a Catarrh or Defluxion when it falls upon the Jaws and Aspera Arteria or rough Arteries it is called Branchus Raucedo or Hoarsness when it flows into the Nostrils it causeth not only a Coryza or Murrh but Ozaena and Polypus But in other parts it produceth various effects if it fall upon the Nerves it produceth a Torpor or Numbness a Palsey Convulsion Trembling if in the Ears Deafness Swelling if in the Eyes Ophalmy or Inflamation Tears Blindness if upon the Uvula or Pallat Swelling Loosness or Laxity or Ulcer if in the Throat the Squinzy if on the Lungs the Pleuresie Inflamation or Imposthumation Cough shortness of Breath spitting of Blood Consumption if into the Stomach Vomiting want of Appetite if into the Bowels it causeth Diarrhaea and Dysentery therefore it is rightly conceived that the greatest part of Diseases that trouble mans Body have their original from the Head Moreover Somtimes the humor flows from the Brain with the blood into the veins whence comes the Disease called Febris Catarrhalis when Nature is strongly moved to expel the superfluous humor and the Spirits being thereby much disturbed are inflamed and cause a Quotidian Feaver hence it is that a defluxion is reckoned
If it come from Chollerick Blood there will be sharpness of tears and not only the corners of the Eyes but also the very cheeks will be corroded there will be a pricking and intollerable pain a little swelling with redness inclined to yellow and the patient hath formerly used immoderate exercise been inflamed by the Sun subject to anger and eating of sharp things his complexion is Chollerick or he is yong and the disease cometh in hot weather If it come from flegm there will be a heavy pain little heat not much redness little shooting no sharp tears but many and slimy and glutinatious If it come of Melancholly the Tumor will be smal the redness will be dusky few tears little clamminess but very thick a Melanchollick constitution and the like signs of Melancholly If the defluxion come from the inner parts of the Head there will be a pain in the Head internally coming to the Roots of the Eyes But if the defluxion come into the Eyes by the exterior Vessels the pain of the Head will be more external the Veins of the Forehead will be distended and also there will be perceived a great beating in the Temples The Prognostick is either in respect of an Ophthalmy coming or already begun An imminent Lippitudo is known by an itching and pricking in the Eyes with heat also and the disposition of the Eyes to receive defluxions doth give advantage to the prognostick of it wherefore they who have great Eyes are more subject to this disease Moreover the season doth much conduce to the breeding of it as Hippocrates teacheth Aph. 11. Sect. 3. If the Winter be dry and full of North winds and the Spring rainy and with South winds in Summer you shall have sore Eyes very common especially in women and men of moist constitutions A flux of the Belly coming upon an Ophthalmy is good according to Hippocrates Aph. 17. Sect. â—6 because the superfluity of humors is discharged and carried downwards An old pain in the Eyes is very dangerous for it signifies the cause to be violent and it is to be feared lest Imposthume Suppuration or Ulcer do follow An Ophthalmy beginning in one Eye useth ordinarily to pass to the other For the Cure of an Ophthalmy the external causes must be first removed as also the antecedent causes are to be evacuated revelled and repelled the conjunct cause is to be derived and discussed and the part affected strengthened For the performing of which Indications there are these usual means to be applied First Let his Diet be cooling and moistening of Meats that breed good nourishment boyled rather than roasted of suppings rather than solid things because the Eyes are moved in chewing let him avoid sharp things Salt and Pepper As also things that Fume and wil fill the Head with vapors As also such as quickly turn into Choller as Milk Sugar Honey and al sweet things Wine especially is not good but instead thereof use Barly water with Liquoris and cooling things Sleep is very profitable because then the Eyes rest from motion which is apt to stir up pain and defluxion besides pain is asswaged by sleep and the matter causing the Disease is concocted Let the Patient sleep with his Head high and more inclined to that side which is least affected Let him avoid almotion of his Body for rest is so profitable that Celsus commands that the first day of Cure they speak not lest by that motion matter be carried to the head The Belly must be kept Solluble for Hippocrates saith it is good for him that hath sore eyes to fal into a looseness Let him avoid Passions especially Anger Let the Air be temperate and pure without Smoak Dust and Winds and somwhat dark of the light by moving the Spirits causeth defluxion Let him have a black green or sky colored cloth before his eyes and keep not only his sore but his sound eye shut or covered for while the sound eye is moved towards the Objects the sore is moved also whence the pain encreaseth and this is the reason why men have greater pain when one eye is affected than when both The Diet being thus ordered let us lay down the Cure of the Disease and since it comes for the most part of external Causes first let them be removed lest they nourish it next make a Collyrium or Eye-water or Rose and Plantane Water with the white of an egg and Womans milk and let that be instilled into the Eye often in a day as also let a linnen clout be dipped therein and applied At the same time let him sleep as much as he can for sleep is very profitable to concoct and discuss the matter causing the Disease If it yield not to these you must use the Remedies proper for a true Ophthalmy in this Order First open a Vein having given a Clyster on the contrary Arm and do it often till you have made sufficient Evacuation and Revulsion For Avicen teacheth That in a true Ophthalmy you may let blood till they faint But Galen lib. de curat per sangu miss cap. 17. tells a story of a Steward which was freed of a great Ophthalmy by blood letting first three pound and four hours after one pound And in his 16. cap. of the same Book he affirmeth That Ophthalmies are often cured in an hours space only by Phlebotomy which could not be but by loosing of a great quantity as they did in those times in that case Phlebotomy must be regulated and moderated according to the temper age sex strength and kind of the Disease for in a Plethorick body and when it comes from blood you must take a greater quantity but in a Chollerick body or Melancholly or Flegmatick and other Circumstances which prohibit blood-letting you must take less If the whol body be ful of blood first open the Liver or Median vein after the Head vein but if you intend to loose but little blood begin with the Head vein But in them who have a stoppage of any ordinary accustomed Evacuation by the Terms or Hemorrhoids you must open the veins beneath or apply Leeches to the Hemorrhoid veins After you have bled enough you must labor to make Revulsion by applying of Cupping glasses to the shoulders and the back both dry and with scarrification Frictions also are good for the same and Ligatures in the lower parts To the aforesaid Revulsions you must ad means to derive which are by the opening of the veins of the Forehead and Temples to which some ad the opening of the veins in the corners of the Eyes others apply Horsleeches to the Temples others behind the Ears al which derivations are very profitable after sufficient Evacuation Galen 13. Meth. Cap. 22. Commended the opening of an Artery in the Temples when the Disease comes of very hot blood And though this way of Practice is not used in our times yet it is very excellent and profitable without any danger for in those lesser
little white Wine The best and rarest Secret fro the Cure of an Ophthalmy is made of the Oyl which cometh from Linnen burnt between two close dishes one drop of which mixed with the spittle of a Child must be dropped into the Eye with a Feather In the declination not only the Remedies afore mentioned but also Waters more resolving are to be used as thus Take of Frankinsence and Aloes of each half a dram Sarcocol washed with Breast-milk one dram and an half Saffron half a scruple the Mucilage of Foenugreek half an ounce Fennel and Eyebright Water of each one ounce and an half Make a Collyrium But if you wil dry more and also digest Take of Sarcocol one dram and an half Tutty prepared one dram Aloes one scruple Mirrh half a scruple the Mucilage of Foenugreek half an ounce Vervain and Celondine Water of each one ounce Make a Collyrium In a defluxion which comes of flegm you may use strong Resolvers not only in the declination but also in the state and encrease of the Disease very confidently Moreover In the declination Authors do set down two special Remedies namely The use of Wine and Baths which first were delivered by Hippocrates Aph. 31. Sect. 6. in these words Drinking of Wine or Baths or a Fomentation or Blood-letting or a Potion do take away pains in the Eyes Galen in his Commentary thereon distinguisheth the Case and the Time in which these Remedies are good which we have explained as to Blood-letting Fomentations and Purging But Galen in the place cited cap. 22. lib. 13. meth teacheth that Baths are then good when an Ophthalmy 〈…〉 of sharp humors and when the body is sufficiently clensed by purging and bleeding because they qualifie the sharpness of humors and stayes their motion and defluxion the chiefest part 〈◊〉 them being sent forth by insensible transpiration and that which remaineth of the Chollerick huâ—mor is easilier overcome by nature Galen also commends a Bath in a Flegmatick Ophthalmy alwayes using before Evacuations necessary because the thick humors fastened in the Eyes are extenuated by Baths and so are easily discussed So Galen in the same place saith That the drinking of pure Wine is good for those who have thick blood in the veins of their eyes and have not gross or phlegmatick bodies because Wine doth dissolve diffuse and discuss the thick blood and also openeth obstructions For the taking away of the remainder of Redness and Inflamation make this Fomentation following Take of the Leaves of Eyebright and Pennyroyal of each one handful the Flowers of Chamomel Melilot and red Roses and of Oaten chaff of each one pugil Foenugreek-seed three drams Fennel-seed one dram make a Decoction adding in the end a little white Wine foment the Eye with this dipping therein linnen Cloaths or with bags being half filled with the aforesaid ingredients Fennel watter alone mixed with astringent wine is a good Fomentation to discuss the reliques and to strengthen the eyes An Egg boyled hard and the shel taken off and cut in the middle laid hot to the eye takes away the remainder of redness So doth a Fomentation made only of the Decoction of Hysop An old Ophthalmy requires another and longer way of Cure and is somtimes very troublesom to a Physitian because he can hardly hinder a delicate and noble part from receiving a defluxion by which it hath been long weakned Moreover This Disease is not only nourished by defluxion but by congestion whereby there is destemper brought into the part which also is hard to cure But for the Cure of it you must first observe whether the Disease come not from a hot Distemper of the Liver as often it doth and then you must first administer such things as amend that And chiefly after convenient Purging and Bleeding Baths are good Whey and Mineral waters of Vitriol as also Horsleeches applyed to the Hemorrhoids But if the matter of the Disease come only from the distemper of the Brain through which watery Humors flow to the eyes being mixed with some blood then you must fal to purging the head with ordinary Pills twice thrice or four times in a month after you have given universal Medicines as Apozemes or the like which you may make according to our description in the cure of cold Diseases of the Head If the aforesaid Purges with other Medicines now prescribed do not prevail you must use Mercurial Purges as the most excellent by way of intermission Moreover a Cautery applied to the hinder part of the head is very profitable to divert the humor flowing Instead whereof you may apply a Seton to the Neck behind with better success to them who can endure it A Vesicatory applied to the fore-part of the Head as Forestus reports Obs 11. lib. 11. did a wonderful cure upon an Old Woman with sore eyes But Rondoletius sayes That a Cautery applied to the Coronal Suture is better than to any other part Masticatories are profitable for the deriving of the Defluxion but not Errhins because they are applied so neer the part affected that they may draw humors to it But if the Brain doth seem to want drying you must have recourse to your sweating diet drink of China Saria and the like To these you may ad Topicks which resolve and strengthen the eyes such as are Fomentations and Unguents before mentioned for the state and declination of the Disease which also are excellent for old Ophthalmies nor must you forget the washing of the eyes as above mentioned with Fennel-water and red Wine to take away the remainder of the redness and to strengthen the eyes every morning For which purpose also Take of the best Aloes and of Tutty prepared of each six drams white Sugar one ounce Rose-water and mild white wine of each six ounces set them in the Sun fourty dayes in a glass well stopt put some drops of this water not strained into the Eyes Or Take of white Wine three pints Rose-water half a pint Tutty prepared three drams poudered Cloves one dram Camphire half a dram mix them in a glass close stopt and shake them for two hours and set in the Sun one whole month remembering every day a little before Sun-setting to take it out of the air and never bring it forth till the Sun is risen two or three drops of this water strained by filtration must be put into the Eye before he go to sleep or in the morning one or two hours before he rise This takes away the oldest redness it dryes up weeping and Fistulaes it consumes al superfluous moistures upon the outward membranes and quickens the sight This also following is excellent Take of Wheat two handful poudered Salt one handful put them in a Copper Vessel and put white Wine to them two fingers breadth above them cover the Vessel and let them stand in the shade six or seven dayes till the liquor turneth green stirring them often with a wooden Spatula after pour off
is good to take the vapor of hot water into the Nose or to anoint the Nostrils with Oyl of Roses sweet Almonds Violets or with fresh Butter or to snuff up warm Milk into the Nose by which only Remedy Forestus presently cured the Maid mentioned formerly Chap. 7. Of Bleeding at the Nose called Haemorrhagia THe word Haemorrhagia vulgarly signifieth any flux of blood coming from any part But peculiarly when it is named simply of Hippocrates it signifieth only that flux which cometh from the Nose as the first and most evident kind as Galen observed Com. 1. in 1. Epid. An Haemorrhagia of the Nose is a Symptome in the excrements of those things which are wholly against Nature For Blood coming through the Nose either comes from the Veins and Arteries in the Brain or from the Vessels coming from the Pallat to the Nostrils which ate like the Hemorrhoid Veins in the Womb and Fundament But since every Symptome depends upon a Disease as its immediate Cause the cause of this will be either an Organical or a Common Disease The Organical is two-fold The opening of the Vessels which is called in Greek Anastomosis and the thinning or rarefaction of them called Diapedesis The Common Disease is two-fold The breaking of the Vessels called Rexis and the Erosion called Diabrosis The Causes immediately producing those Diseases are either exceeding in quantity or quality of Blood Blood offending in quantity can either break the Veins or open the Orifices of them In quality if it be too hot or too thin it will flow out by Anastomosis because heat doth dilate the Orifice and thinness maketh it flow more easily Also the same qualities make a Diapedesis for heat maketh the coats of the Vessels thin and the thinness of the blood makes it easie to pass through the pores of those coats Lastly The sharpness of the Blood gnaweth the Tunicles of the Veins and ulcerateth them from whence cometh a Diabrosis The external Causes also do concur to produce this Disease either mediately or immediately Immediately as falls stroaks wounds and the like which break and divide the Veins They work mediately which do encrease warm and make thin the blood as plentiful Diet Drunkenness Idleness too much Exercise great Noise Heat long staying in the Sun and the like The Differences of Hemorrhagia are these Some are Critical some Symptomatical Critical Hemorrhagia's are in acute Feavers by the force of Nature endeavor to expel the cause of the Disease this way as especially in those Diseases which are joyned with the Inflamation of some Entral especially of the Liver or the Spleen which are many times discharged by these waies somtimes it comes without a Feaver when Nature dischargeth her self of the superfluous blood whence we see many in their youth have an Hemorrhagy by fits and others blâ—ed other waies A Symptomatical Haemorrhagy happeneth chiefly in Chronical Diseases in which filthy blood is produced by reason of the debility of the Liver or some other great Distemper which either flows through those Veins by the weakness of the retentive faculty or is sent forth by the expulsive as an unprofitable burden because impure blood is not fit to nourish the Body Haemorrhagia is known of its self But its Causes are thus distinguished That which cometh by Anastomosis hath this common with that which comes by Rexin or rupture in that in both the blood floweth plentifully but in this they are distinguished If a blow or a fall went before we should suppose it to be Rexin But when Ruption cometh from Plethora or much Blood as also apertion of the Veins thus they may be distinguished When the Vessel is broken the Blood sloweth constantly when it is opened at a distance and by fits only because the Orifices of the Vessels use to be knit and closed when there is less plenty of the Humor which dilateth flowing thereto but broken Vessels stand alwaies open and therefore blood continually sloweth till the solution of continuity be united Moreover the opening of a Vein is distinguished from the breaking by the substance of the blood For if it be thin it comes from a Vessel opened if thick it comes from a broken Hence it is that Hemorrhagy comes in yong men for the most part by the opening of the Vessels because their blood is thin but in old men from Ruption because theirs is thick If it comes from Eroâ—â—on of the Veins there will be signs of Cacochymia or ill juyce in the body of an Ulcer and matter somtimes comes forth or at least a salt Catarrh hath gone before If it comes by Diapedesis or Rarefaction the blood is thin and little The Causes autecedent and external are easily distinguished For if it come from plenty of blood there is a red face and large veins as also the Diet hath been large and hot or there hath been some external cause which hath melted and made thin the blood and these especially befal them who have very hot Livers If it come from evil Juyce it is known by its proper signs which declare whether Choller or Melancholly doth abound Moreover the Blood will appear corrupt either from the Nose or taken from the Arm. If it come from the weakness of the retentive faculty the face wil be pale and the whol body weak as also some Disease hath gone before by which the Liver was first weakened and then very little bloâ—â— comes forth and by degrees If the blood comes immediately from the Veins of the Nostrils it is easily stopt with astringent Medicines applied thereto and there will be no pain in the Head Contrary wise if it come from the Brain there is some pain in some part of the Head the flux is hardly stopped and things put up into the Nose do no good Somtimes blood comes from other parts as the Liver Spleen Womb whose signs are the pains and extensions in those parts If the blood flows from an Artery it comes with force it is hot pure fresh and clear but when it comes from a Vein it is dark red thick somtimes foul and comes forth with smal force The Prognostick of Hemorrhagy coming especially if it be Critical is taken from the hurt actions when the Excrements and qualities are changed as watchings and dreams of red things a great pain of the Head and Neck heaviness in the Temples and great beating of those Arteries ringing and noise in the Ears dulness of the Eyes with redness thereof and of the whol face hating of light involuntary tears itching of the Nose a drop of Blood upon the day that declares the Crisis difficulty of breathing an extension of the Hypochondria without pain The Reason of which signs is When the Blood begins to be carried to the Head it begets in the Head Phantasms of red things both waking and sleeping as it happened to a yong Roman which Galen mentioneth lib. de praesag ad Posthumum cap. 13. he had an acute Disease and thought he saw a
red Serpent about the Chamber Seiling at which being frighted he leaped out of his bed Hence Galen foretold a Haemorrhagy at hand and hindered the letting of blood which other Physitians had prescribed The pain of the Head and Neck comes from the translation of the blood into the superior parts which by distending and pulling the Membranes causeth pain The Arteries in the Temples beat by reason of their compression which is caused by the fulness of the Veins The noise in the Ears comes from vapors flying in abundance into the head The sight is dim because many thick vapors sent up do stop the passages Hence it is that when passage is denied to the Animal Spirits the sight is dim The things flying before the Eyes called Marmaryges are nothing but thin bodies divided and of divers colours contained between the Cornea and the Crystalline coming from vapors ascending which though they be inward yet through deception of the sight they seem to be outward because the Eye being used to see External things supposeth whatsoever is within to be without The Redness of the Face and Eyes comes from blood in those parts increased there is a detestation of light because the Eyes being distended with plenty of humors wil be more distended with light because it disperseth the Spirits Hence the Eye is dilated which causeth pain which that the Patient may avoid he avoideth the light The involuntary Tears come from the repletion of the Eyes and the parts adjacent which being too much Distended to press the Glandles that contain the moisture of which tears are made The Itching of the Nostrils comes from vapors ascending upwards Drops of blood upon the day of demonstration namely the fourth or eleventh sheweth that there wil be an Haemorrhagy upon the day of judgment namely the seventh or the fourteenth because in those dayes Nature begins to transfer the Humors to those parts The breathing is difficult because while the blood flyeth upward it compresseth the Diaphragma Lastly There is a stretching of the Hypochondria because the blood begins to move in its fountain and in the roots of the veins but this distention is not constant and is without pain as the difficulty of breathing is for if they should last long and increase they would be signs of the Liver inflamed The Prognostick of a present Bleeding at Nose is thus If Blood flow moderately out of the Nose in the day of judgment it is sign of Health although Galen doth confirm this yet Fernelius denyeth it saying lib. 2. de sanguinis mâ—ss cap. 1. That no discharge of blood although critical is sign of health for though it ease madness watchings head-ach and other Symptoms yet it scarce ever cureth the Disease because the purer portion of blood is sent forth and the pure remaineth and this is thus proved because the blood coming from the nose is of a laudable colour and substance when blood at the same time taken out of a vein in the arm or else where shal appear to be corrupt This Doctrine of Fernelius is very real but not altogether to be received It is true That in acute Diseases especially malignant Feavers a Haemorrhag doth not alwaies Cure the Disease as Sweat is not alwaies a sign of Health in those Diseases because these Evacuations being forced by Nature before the time come for the most part from the malice of the matter of the Disease Yet somtimes acute Diseases are cured by Haemorrhagia as Galen taught in his Third Book de cris cap. ult and elsewhere And the reason why blood out of the Nostrils is alwaies pure is because it comes by drops and therefore would be so quickly cold that the impure parts could not be separated and the purer parts mixed with the rest would make the whol mass red But blood taken out of the arm because it comes flowing freely keeps the colour long in the vessel from which the impure parts are separated so that the thick and drosly part goes to the bottom but the choller and flegm which is more altered and impure swims at the top and so the blood seems impure and sordid On the other side if blood should drop from the vein it would appear pure because it presently goes together before the Haeterogeneal parts can be divided by the heat nay if blood flow freely and be caught in a large vessel it wil appear pure because it is quickly cold Haemorrhagyes that are very great are the worst for they tend to a Convulsion For somtimes it comes to pass that Nature being burdened with much blood and stirred up to throw it forth cannot observe a Mean and makes an over Crisis which Physitians must stop An Haemorrhagy in the beginning of the Disease is evil because it is Symptomatical and comes from the malignity of the matter of the Disease Nature being stirred up to send it forth before her time An Haemorrhagy which is on the same side with the part affected is good but otherwise it is evil so in the inflamation of the Liver when blown forth out of the right Nostril it is good but out of the left bad Contrarily When the Spleen is inflamed if blood come forth of the left Nostril it is good but out of the right bad because al good Evacuation ought to be â—ata ixin A few drops coming from the Nose are evil for it signifies the weakness of nature and the malignity of the disease For al Excretions are condemned by Hippocrates in acute diseases if they be begun only and not finished because there is greater security in those Feavers in which nature putteth forth nothing than in which she puts forth little to no profit For then it is to be supposed that she tends to Concoction but if a drop appear it is a sign that nature was stirred up before her time But a drop coming upon the day of Indication and signs of Concoction also appearing it signifies that there wil be an Haemorrhagy upon that Critical day Haemorrhagies continuing long foreshews the weakness of the Liver and the coldness also and an evil habit with a dropsie to be at hand To him who have bled at the nose in Quartane Feavers it is evil Hippocrates Aph. 87. Sect. 7. For as Avicen sayeth bleeding in Melancholly and Flegmatick people is hurtful because iâ— cooleth too much To them who in Feavers have lost much blood at the Nose or any part when they amend their belly wil be loose Hip. aph 27. sect 4. For as Galen saith in Com. when the natural heat is debilitated by bleeding neither can their meat be wel concocted nor turned into blood nor distributed into the body and therefore it is fit they should be loose bellied until Nature recover her strength In the Cure of Haemorrhagia first observe whether it be Critical or Symptomatical For a Critical is not to be stopped but you must suffer it to flow in a great quantity For Avicen saith That blood hath come
from the Nose to the quantity of four pints by a Crisis without any decay of strength And this seems to be taken out of Galen who in his Book de Progn ad Posthum cap. 13. suffered a yong Roman to bleed four pints and an half before he would stop it Which as it may fal out wel in very Plethorick people so in others it may endanger life and it is certain that a Critical Haemorrhagy although it is the work of Nature yet somtimes is beyond measure for Nature being burdened with blood and stirred up to expel it somtimes cannot keep within measure but maketh too great an Evacuation whence we ought to fear a great dejection of strength and death and then it is to be stopt as often as any notable infirmity followeth So also that blood which customarily floweth without a Feaver is not to be stopped but to be left to Natures ordering except it be immoderate for many by such bleeding have been freed from great Diseases into which after upon suppression thereof they have fallen But a Symptomatical Hemorrhagy is to be stopt which may be done by revulsion of the Blood from the Nose and by repelling it to the parts adjacent by stopping of the Veins which are open by staying the disorderly motion of the blood and by evacuating the sharp and thin humors mixed with the Blood which are the chief Cause of Haemorrhagy by correcting them and hindering their encrease and by strengthening the retentive faculty of the Liver and Veins All which may be done with the Remedies following And first Blood-letting is the chief thing for Revulsion which must be done quickly before the Patient grow weâ—k and that out of the Vein on the same side the Nostril is out of which it cometh on the right â—ide if from the right Nostril on the left if from the left And Galen lib. de sang miss cap. 11. confirmeth the efficacy of this Remedy affirming that he hath presently stopped violent bleedings at the Nose only thereby But it must be taken in a large quantity if the Patient be strong and from a large orifice Although most of the Ancient and Modern Physitians think otherwiâ—e and say that blood must be let out at a final orifice by little little often by which means they say the Revulsion will be better But that you may make the blood move the contrary way you must have a stronger motion for hinderance of a weaker therefore by how much the larger the orifice and the more violent the motion is of the blood from the Vein opened by so much the sooner will the blood at the Nose be stopped But if by once letting blood and applying other Remedies the Haemorrhagy be not stopt you must repeat Blood-letting according to the strength of the Patient You may also open the Vein in the Foot that a Revulsion may be made at a great distance which also availeth much as Avicen Paul and Trallian say After Blood-letting as also before rub and bind the extream parts and clap great Cup-glasses to the Hypochondria to the right side if the right No stril to the left if the left do bleed For Galen stopt an Hemorrhagy in a yong Roman by a Cupping-glass to the Hypochondrion without blood-letting as he saith lib. de prog ad Posthum cap. 13. Notwithstanding the applying of Cupping-glasses to the Hypochondria is not altogether safe for the blood then being hot may be drawn in too great a measure into the Liver or the Spleen and inflame them Of which there is an example in Fabricius Hildanus Obs 47. Cent. 2. of a Gourtier who bleeding violently at the Nose to whom with other Remedies there were great Cupping-glasses applied to his Liver The blood stopt but there followed a great inflamation of the Liver Therefore you must be wary in applying Cupping-glasses to the Hypochondria and never use them but when all other Remedies fail and after divers Phlebotomies For after the plenty of blood is taken out of the Veins there is less danger of attracting too much Blood to the Liver to inflame it but which way soever they are applied they draw blood and spirits to those parts whereby their heat is encreased which seems to be contrary to the opinion of Hippocrates Aph. 13. Sect. 5. where he saith That in those parts from whence Blood cometh or is about to come you must use cold things The Interpreters say that cold things are to be applied to those parts from whence the motion of the Blood beginneth as the Liver and Spleen Forestus commendeth Cupping-glasses to the Feet by Experience Obs 14. Lib. 13. in these words When a Gentleman exceedingly bled at the Nose and no Remedies would help him having lost at least twelve pound of blood from both Nostrils I was sent for and after he had bleda whol day I commanded two Cupping-glasses without scarrification to be applied one to his Liver the other to the Spleen and the blood seemed to stay a little but after my departure when his wife perceived him to bleed again out of both Nostrils and that his cupping had done no good she commanded that the cupping should be set upon his feet and the blood wonderfully stopped beyond expectation But after the Cupping-glasses had been a while fixed the Patient fell into a swound and therefore they took them off and threw water in his face by which he recovered and then being refreshed with the scent of Wine he came to himself and was restored to his former health from his bleeding as it were by Miracle or Inchantment beyond all expectation Moreover Cupping-glasses applied to the Shoulders both dry and with scarrisication do draw back the blood â—rom the Nose But they be not alwaies safe for they may attract blood from the inferior parts and so give occasion to a further bleeding Some Practitioners do apply Cupping-glasses to the Biceps Muscles of the Arms by which they make revulsion Crato in his Counsels reckoneth the bending of the little finger on the same side among the revulsives for by the great pain that will be caused thereby there will be a drawing back of the blood But the Blood and Spirits are drawn inwardly more strongly by swouning whereby we saw a Bishop in the year 1629 cured of a violent Hemorrhagy for being in a malignant Feaver with the inflamation of the right Cidney which after in the twenty seventh day of his sickness turned to an Imposthume he was taken with so violent a bleeding that in four hours he lost two pounds and still bleeding and strength decaying we bethought how we should stop it and after the use of many remedies to no purpose the Patient desired to ease his belly and could not be compelled to do it in his bed we foretold him that if he arose he being very weak would faint away but that would be good to stay his bleeding and so it came to pass for after he rose he swouned from which
burnt Vitriol and is not very Escharotick yet it staies bleeding very powerfully by astringing the Orifice of the Veins if it be put into the Nose with a Tent. You may make Remedies to stop blood by restraining its motion by cooling thickning and coâ—gulating thus Take of Sal Prunellae one dram Troches of Amber half a dram Blood-stone and red Coral prepared of each one scruple the Syrup of dried Roses one ounce Plantane Water three ounces Make a Julep to be taken twice or thrice in a day Take of Conserve of Roses and Quinces of each one ounce the Troches of Spodium or burm Ivory and Terra Sigillata of each one dram Coral prepared and burnt Harts-horn of each one scruple Make an Opiate of which let him take the quantity of a Chesnut twice or thrice in a day Vinegar and Water called Oxycrate drunk plentifully staies an Hemorrhagy Outwardly to cool the blood and to hinder its motion you must apply cold Water or Water and Vinegar to divers parts powring it upon the Arms and putting the feet therein and applying to the Cods as also to the back because the Vena CÃ va runs that way and so the blood will be cooled when it is exceeding hot when the aforesaid Medicines cannot remedy some wet the whol Body with Vinegar and Water or put him into cold Water which is not without danger when the Patient is weak It is excellent to temper the heat of the blood to lay Epithems to the Liver and Spleen made of warm Vinegar and Water Finally In the most desperate Case when no Medicines will prevail you must use Narcoticks or Stupefactives which presently stop all fluxes and evacuations and motion of Humors and among the rest three or four grains of Laudanum is the best But take heed that you give it not to the Patient being very weak for it is to be feared that the native heat being very little will be thereby quite exstinguished One ounce of the Syrup of Poppies given in an astringent Julep at night will do the same At length you must come to proper Remedies which by an occult secret quality stop bleeding The most usual and best are these The Juyce of Nettles is extolled for strengthening any blood of what part soever and therefore it is both given inwardly to four ounces once or twice as also snuft into the Nose and applied to the Forehead and Temples made like a Cataplasm with Bran or the whol Nettle beaten Some say that the Root held in the mouth will do the same Hogs Dung is one of the best Specifical Medicines if it be applied hot to the Forehead and Temples or smelt unto or put dry into the Nose of which this is a form Take of Hogs Dung dried three drams the pouder of Roses to take away the scent of it half a dram Mix them with juyce of Plantane and dip a Tent therein to be thrust into the Nose Asses Dung used thus is also commended And Rodericus a Castro lib. 1. de morbis mulierum cap. 5. saith that a Physitian of seventy yeers old given to violent bleeding carried alwaies Asses Dung not quite dry in a box about him than which he confessed he never knew a better Medicine especially if when it was dry he mixed it with the Juyce of a Nettle or if wet he put it alone into his Nose Zacutus Lusitanus lib. ult praxis Histor cap. 2. saith that he cured one of seventeen years of age that was weak and lean after he had lost seventeen ounces of blood and used many Medicines only with this He gave him the Dung of an Ass very finely poudered in al his Drink and Broth he made Tablets of the same with sugar and gave them with steeled water by which means only the Patient recovered in seven daies space The blood it self which comes out of the Nose is not only vulgarly commended but by the learned to stop an Haemorrhagie by a specifical quality they fry it in a pan and give it the Patient to eat he not knowing of it As also they Calcine it in a Potsheard and mix it with the mentioned Astringents Others commend the Pouder of Snails burnt with their shels and others put the Pouder of Frogs Calcined into the Nose Pereda speaks of an old Woman of Mount pelior that she was Cured of a Flux at the Nose of three daies continuance by only Mints put into the Nose Among other Remedies this is excellent and usual The fine Pouder of Spicknard taken the quantity of a dram in Broth Plantane-water or other liquor not only by a specifical force but also by strengthning the Liver it stops bleeding Finkius witnesseth that a dried Toad poudered and put in a fine red Sarcnet under the Armholes or held in the hands til it grow warm wil stanch blood presently And that the blood wil be immediately congealed as if it apprehended some terrible thing Others hang a Toad in the Air while al the flesh is consumed and keep the bare thigh bone which they put into the Nose and then it stops bleeding presently While you use the aforesaid Remedies you must think of the taking away of the Cause which usually is a thin watery Humor or Choller which abounds in the blood and makes it move disorderly and provoketh Nature to throw it forth whence it comes to pass that when it is purged away and the blood clensed that then Nature embraceth blood most familiarly as its chief Friend and the treasure of Life and wil not labor to cast it forth Therefore you must purge twice or thrice if need be with binding and cooling Medicines thus made Take of Tamarinds half an ounce Plantane Leavs one handful boyl them to four ounces being strained infuse of the best Rhubarb one dram yellow Myrabolans half a dram Spicknard seven grains strain it and dissolve therein one ounce of Syrup of Roses and ad one scruple of the Pouder of Rhubarb Make a Potion In an old Disease that Returneth often such a Purge repeated once every Week is excelent And after every Evacuation Astringent Juleps or Opiates that are above mentioned you may make Juleps thus Take of the Roots of Snakeweed and the greater Comfrey of each one ounce Plantane Knotgrass Rupture-wort Fumitory of each one handful of the four great Cold seeds of each one dram boyl them to a pint and dissolve in the strained Liquor of white Sugar three ounces Make a Julep for three mornings draughts Instead of Juleps or Opiats or after they have been used a while you may give a Syrup made of the Juyce of Nettles and an equal proportion of Sugar two spoonfuls at a time every morning Nor is it sufficient to take away the present Cause of the Hemorrhagy namely To Evacuate the Peccant Humor but you must see that it return not again The Bowels are to be strengthened and their Distempers amended especially the Liver in which those Humors use to breed And the Juleps
formerly prescribed wil do this as also the Tincture of Roses to Cool the Liver and strengthen it is very good Outwardly you may apply Epithems made thus Take of the Water of Roses Plantane Purslain Sorrel and Succory of each four ounces the seeds of Purslain Sorrel and Succory of each one dram the Troches of Camphire and yellow Saunders of each two drams Vinegar two ounces Make an Epithem To these you may ad al the Remedies which are prescribed for the Cure of a Hot Liver Somtimes the Hot Distemper of the Spleen and Reins is the Cause of this Disease and then you must apply Cooling Medicines to those parts also To these must joyn a good order of Diet which from the beginning of the Cure must be diligently observed And therefore first the Air where the Patient is must be Cool and if it be Summer time let it be altered by sprinkling the floor with Vinegar and Rose-water and strowing of the Leavs of the Vine Willow or Water-Lillies or the like Let his Meat be thickning of little nourishment as Calves-feet Sheep and Goats-feet and the like Rice new fat Cheese hard Eggs and the like Let him eat Fruits that are somwhat sharp binding and bitter as Pears Quinces Medlars Services and Sawces of the Juyce of Pomegranats Lemmons Orenges Sorrel some commend the use of Lentils or Pease boyled in Vinegar because they have vertue to thicken astring and allay the Acrimony of the blood Let the Patient abstain especially in the beginning of the Disease while his strength is good from Wine Flesh and Rear Eggs which breed much and thin Blood you must give him Moist Meats and Suppings in the time of his bleeding As cooling Broths made of Barley Oates and Rice with Water for chewing doth provoke bleeding if he be weak you may give him Flesh-broth and Panadoes in which there is Starch dissolved which is made without Chalk or Gum Arabick Let his Drink be steeled Water and let al his Meat be boyled in the same which wil be of more force if Nettle Roots be first boyled therein Command him to rest so that he neither Walk nor Cough nor Speak loud or at al for the motion of the Tongue and Jawes provoke bleeding Let his Head be covered and let him not see the blood for thereby the imagination being moved he wil bleed faster Let him sleep for long Watchings make the blood more sharp Chollerick and thin but sleep doth contemperate the Humors and restrain the motions thereof Lastly Let him avoid the Passions of the mind which cause the blood to ascend as Anger Laughing and Joy The End of the Fourth Book THE FIFTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Tongue The PREFACE THE Tongue is the Instrument both of Speech and Tasting But both these Actions are hindered by divers tumors which grow thereabout And especially every Action is diminished abolished or depraved by its peculiar Cause That all these may be severally described this fifth Book hath four Chapters Of which The first is of Inflamation and other Tumors of the Tongue The Second is of the Ranula under the Tongue which though it belong to the kinds of Tumors yet it is handled by it self because it requires a different Cure from all the rest The Third is of the Taste hurt The Fourth of the Palsey of the Tongue and other binderances of its Motions Chap. 1. Of the Inflamation of the Tongue and other Tumors of the same AS all the Parts of the Body and especially the fleshy parts use to be inflamed 〈◊〉 also the Tongue by blood flowing unto it which blood as it is either pure chollerick flegmatick or Melanchollick produceth either a true Phlegmon or a Phlegmon erisipelous oedematous or schirrous which somtimes comes to suppuration of which there is an Example in Forestus Obs 24. Lib. 14. of a Brewer which had a great Inflamation of his Tongue that brake which came to suppuration Also the Tongue often suffers a soft and loose Tumor which is purely oedematous by the falling of Rhewm from the Head of which Galen propounds an Example Lib. 14. meth cap. 8. in a certain man whose Tongue was so swoln that he could not contain it in his mouth Somtimes the Tongue grows very great which cannot be accounted any kind of tumor as Galen teacheth lib. de diff morb cap. 9. that he saw a Tongue which grew exceeding great without any sence of pain neither would it pit or yield to the finger but it was a bare increase of quantity in the Tongue and the substance was no way hurt which came by too much nourishment brought and converted into the substance of it And Claudinus Consult 9. gives an Example of this in a maid of twelve yeers old whose Tongue grew to a great bigness and the Tumor could neither be called an Oedema nor a Schyrrus because it was without pain neither would it yield to the hand pressing of it nor take an impression or pit nor was it without Natural sence The Original of it was a forceable breach of the bridle of the Tongue by the pain whereof blood was attracted to the part which being sent thither continually caused this largeness But in this case Glaudinus observeth that it is bigger at night and less in the morning and alwaies livid or blewish The reason whereof he saith is because in the Concoction and assimulation of the Blood which is flegmy otherwise such as is bred in children by reason of their moist Nature and intemperance many vapors are raised especially at night when the heat is drawn in and contracted by which the Tumor is enlarged but in the day they are discussed by the motion and heat of the Tongue by which means it becomes less The reason of the blewness is the Air to which it alwaies is open for by the coldness of the Air the blood which cometh to the superficies of the Tongue before it comes to be like in the substance doth encrease somwhat and so turns livid For Galen saith that blood waxeth black with cold 3. de symp caus cap. 2. which yet is not so in other parts because there is no superfluity sent to them but as much as is sufficient for nourishment The knowledg of these Tumors is not difficult because the preternatural greatness of them is visible But the differences of these Tumors are these If there be an Inflamation then there is pain heat and redness also in the Tongue wherewith also the face is somwhat infected But if the Tumor come originally from flegm the Tongue is white and there is much spittle whose tast is sweet or without tast If there be only a bare encrease in the Tongue there are no signs of other Tumors and Vitrous humors As to the Prognostick Tumors in the Tongue for the most part do not endanger the life unless they grow so big that they cause suffocation or come from a malignant melanchollick humor from
fal into the belly whence the Flux is caused And when the tongue is naturally too moist it is probable also that the belly wil be loose and weak through moistness because the Stomach and the Tongue have both the same Tunicle Now the proper passion of a moist belly is a loosness But Avicen seems to be against this Doctrine saying Fen. 1. lib. 3. tract 4. cap. 18. That Stammerers are given much to Melancholly and Melancholly cometh from a dry Brain but this Contradiction is Reconciled thus Avicen meaneth by Stammerers not such as are properly so called and cannot pronounce R but such as Stutter and repeat the same Syllable often before they speak a word and this cometh from a hot and dry Distemper of the Brain in which the thoughts are so quick that they out-run the tongue and hasten its motion whence comes that disturbance But the Stammering aforesaid coming from the Birth is incurable In some an accidentary Stammering cometh by a Catarrh and great Defluxion of Rhewm upon the Jaws and Tongue which is cured by Evacuation Revulsion and Derivation of the Humors as also by Strengthening and Drying the Brain but because the Remedies are the same with those for the Palzey of the Tongue of which we shal now speak they may be taken from thence Two pair of Nerves go to the Tongue the Third pair to Exercise the act of Tasting and Sence And the Seventh pair for Speech and diversity of Motion by the Obstruction and Relaxation of the taste cometh the Palzey of the Tongue which is a Privation or Diminishing of the motion of the Part and this useth to follow an Apoplexey when the hinder part of the brain is too moist and then other parts of the body and for the most part half the body hath the Palzey sometimes it is only in the Tongue when the Nerves and moving Muscles are too moist also by cutting of those Nerves there cometh a Palzey of which there is an example in Avicen Fen. 6. lib. 3. tract 1. cap. 12. in these words A certain man was Cupped and Scarified and the smal hair like Nerve was cut with Scarification which is in the substance of the Pannicle joyned with the Tongue wherefore the Tongue was relaxed We may suppose that these Cupping Glasses were applied to the Neck and hinder part of the head for since the Nerves that move the Tongue come from the beginning of the Spinal Marrow which is in the Neck It is most certain that the Scarification was made so deep that some branch of them was divided But although the matter producing this Disease be Flegm yet somtimes it is thicker and colder somtimes thinner and hotter as the Humors which predominate in the Body the knowledge whereof is from Avicen Fen. 6. lib. 3. tract 1. cap. 6. in these words And somtimes the redness of the Tongue and hotness shew that the matter is blood and somtimes much watery spittle sheweth that the matter is thin and when there is little benefit by Resolving Medicines and much by binding and astringent This Disease if it come from the Brain and follow an Apoplexy so that other parts also are affected is seldom cured especially if the Patient be in yeers but if it be single and in the part only it is to be cured and the easier if the Patient be yong The Cure of the Palâ—ey in the Tongue is by taking away the antecedent Cause that is the humor abounding in the Brain and by discussing and dissolving the conjunct cause namely the humor which is fastened upon the Nerves that move the Tongue The antecedent cause will be taken away by the Medicines prescribed in the Cure of the cold distemper of the Brain And first you must purge with Pills or a Potion there mentioned After if blood abound and be either the Principal or the assistant Cause of the Disease take so much as age and strength will permit then administer a Cephalick Apozeme and if the Disease seem stubborn give a sweating diet all which are formerly prescribed in the place mentioned After general Evacuations come we to the Derivation of the matter causing the Disease by Cupping and Vesicatories applied behind as also by Cauteries Avicen applied a Cupping-glass under the Chin which is now also allowed Open the Vein under the Tongue and it will profit if before you have made general Evacuation to derive the Humor from the Muscles of the Tongue For the discussing and drawing forth of this Humor let the Gargarism following be often used Take of Flowerdeluce roots half an ounce Origan Sage French Lavender Rosemary of each half a handful Cubebs three drams Liquoris one ounce Boyl them in equal parts of white Wine and Water to a pint Dissolve in the straining Oxymel of Squils two ounces Make a Gargarism to which if it work not strong enough you may ad two or three drams of the Decoction of Pellitory of Spain or of Mustard seed You may also ad Castorium if it offend not the Patient with the scent To this end you may often rub the Tongue with Oxymel of Squils alone or mixed with Mustard Seed A bag of Sage is much commended for to rub the Tongue with often to which you may ad Mustard seed also Also these following Pills ought to be held often upon the Tongue Take of the Juyce of Bettony and Liquoris of each one dram and an half Castor and Assafatida of each half a dram Nutmeg and Spicknard of each one scruple Incorporate them with Honey and make them into the form of Lupines Here also Gargarisms Masticatories and Errhines which are prescribed in the Cure of the cold distemper of the Brain may be used Also for the strengthening of the Brain and dispersing the reliques of the humors therein contained Fumigations and Pouders for the Hair with Caps mentioned in the same Chapter are here to be used Lastly You must prescribe the usual Medicines against encrease of flegm namely Syrupus Magistralis or ordinary Pills with a strengthening Opiate as is there declared The End of the Fifth Book THE SIXTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Teeth Gums Jaws Pallat and Wind-pipe or Larynx The PREFACE THE Parts contained in the Mouth and Jaws suffers divers Diseases the Chief whereof we only desire to lay down and to omit those that are ordinarily Cured by Chirurgeons Therefore this Book shall contain Seven Chapters First Of the Tooth-Ach Secondly Of the Blackness and Consuming of the Teeth Thirdly Of the Eating away and Exulceration of the Gums Fourthly Of the Flux of Blood from the Gums Fifthly Of the Vlcers of the Mouth and Jaws Sixthly Of the Relaxation or Falling down of the Pallat And Seventhly Of Angina or Quinzy Chap. 1. Of the Tooth-Ach GAlen in his Fifth Book of the Composition of Medicines cap. 8. 16. of the Use of Parts cap. 2. saith That the Teeth are not only sensible in respect of their Nerves at
his Feaver abated and when it was gone the blood stopped The Gums bleed Symptomatically when the blood is sharp and the Liver or Spleen distempered So that in the Scurvy this flux is ordinary Somtimes after a Tooth is drawn there is so great a flux of blood by reason the Artery is torn which is the root of the Tooth that somtimes men have died thereof The Cure of a Symptomatical flux is by bleeding and purging and other Remedies for the bowels As also by Topicks astringing made into Gargarisms Pouders Liniments or Opiates If it come from a Tooth drawn you must first let blood and Cup to make revulsion and apply astringents to the part as a Cataplasm of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata Sanguis Draconis and the like astringents made up with the white of an Egg. Also Time alone with the white of an Egg is good But if they do not suffice you must lay the Patients finger upon the part and let him hold it there till the blood congeal above the orifice of the Artery If it cannot be stopt with sleight things use stronger Valeriola obs 3. lib. 5. reports that an old woman who had a Tooth taken forth with the singers only had a violent bleeding upon it from the Artery under the Gum which he stopt with burnt Vitriol when other things failed which is excellent both for astringency and burning Zacutus Lucitanus obs 84. lib. 1. Prax. Med. admir relates a History of one who having a grievous Tooth that ached drew it violently forth and after had a great flux of blood from the Artery torn which when it could not be stopped by Blood-letting Cupping and Astringents nor by laying on the finger nor by burnt Vitriol at last by his advice the place was filled with Gum Arabick which stopt it in three hours space for it hath power to stop cool glutinate and dry The same Zacutus Obs 85. of the same Book reports of a certain strong Soldier who after great pain drew a Tooth violently and bled much from the Artery under the Tooth for two daies the best Physitians use al Astringents to the part with Revulsives and burn the Artery with a hot iron but al in vain for he bled stil even unto death Zacutus being called applied the Plaister of Galen made of Frankinsence Aloes the hairs of an Hare poudered and mixed with the white of an Egg by which in a few hours the blood stopt and the Patient recovered Galen boasteth that he invented this precious Medicine lib. 5. meth cap. 7. and stopped the Artery in the Elbow And cap. 4. of the same Book and in his Book of Curing by Blood-letting Chapter the last he confirmeth the Excellency thereof by many stories Chap. 5. Of the Vcers of the Mouth and Jaws THe smal and superficial Ulcers of the Mouth are usually Aphthae or Trush although in Galen and Hippocrates it is somtimes used for Ulcers in other parts but they which are deeper are absolutely called the Ulcers of the Mouth and Jaws Such as are in the French Pox. These Ulcers breed of sharp Humors or Vapors coming from divers parts into the Jaws so in malignant Feavers they often happen or to those that have hot Livers or foul Bodies So the Children have the Trush as Hipp. aph 24. sect 3. either from the sharpness of the Milk which Ulcerates those tender parts in its passage as Galen teacheth in his Comment upon the same Aphorism or from the corruption of the milk in the Stomach by which sharp vapors are sent to the mouth as Galen affirms 9. de compos med sec loc cap. ultimo Now these Ulcers are divers as some are slighter some more dangerous some are in Children some in Men some are joyned with Inflamation some are without these divers degrees are according to the variety of the Humors of which they come For they proceed either of Blood Choller Flegm or Melancholly or Choller Adust which hath not only a burning but often a malignant quality and begets evil conditioned Ulcers These Differences are known by their proper signs for if the Ulcers be Redish they come of Blood if Yellow of Choller if White of Flegm if Livid or Blew from Melancholly if they stink they are foul As for the Prognostick Aphthae or Truth is easily Cured but deep Ulcers and putrid called in Greek Nomai are hardly Cured And in Children they are more dangerous by reason of their tender flesh which they sooner devour As also because strong Medicines cannot be applied unto them hence somtimes Children die of them when they are Malignant and putrid Also in respect or the Cause those Ulcers which come of Flegm are least dangerous those that come of Blood or Choller more and those that come of Melancholly most of al. Black and Crusty Ulcers are deadly especially in Children The Jaws Ulcerated in a Feaver are hard to be Cured as Hipp. teacheth 3. Prog. Because as Galen explaineth they shew the malignity of the matter The Cure is first by good Diet which Cooleth and Dryeth and hindereth the Generation of the antecedent Cause Therefore when Children have it from their Suck let the Nurse be changed or eate good Diet as also let her blend and be purged if need be especially let her eate Cool Astringent things as Quinces Pears Medlers Services Lettice and Purslain prescribe the same to men and let them avoid sharp things salt and pepper Then you must look to the antecedent Cause with Universal Evacuations according to the age And first Phlebotomy doth powerfully revel the Humors and tempereth their sharpness by Cooling the whol body After this â—up and Scarrifie put Horsleeches behind the Ears and under the Chin and apply a Vesicatory to the Neck behind The next day after you have let blood you must prescribe a Purge agreeable to the Humor offending and the age of the Patient From the beginning of the Cure use Topicks called by Galen Stomatica or Medicines for the Mouth and at first they must be mild as Gargarisms Mouth-waters made of Plantane Honey-suckle and Roses Water with Syrup of dried Roses and of Mulberies or Decoctions of Plantane Bramble Leaves Knot-grass Pomegranat Flowers Red Saunders and the like with Syrup afore mentioned And if there be Inflamation you may do wel if you ad the Juyce of Nightshade Housleek and Purslain with as much Sal Pruneilae as wil not make it too sharp Or a little crude Allum If there be no Inflamation the Chief only Remedy is Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur which may be used alone to Men upon a little lint at the end of a stick gently touching the part by which it wil be presently Cured if it be a simple Aphtha But to Children you must mix the Spirit aforesaid with Honey of Roses so that it may be but a little sharp and with a little Lint at the end of a Probe often apply it and they wil be quickly Cured If the Ulcers are very painful and
Throat are for the most part inflamed as aforesaid but also the parts adjacent and the outward part of the Neck as shall be said in the Diagnostick and Prognostick of this Disease In all these kinds of Angina's when there is great danger by the difficulty of swallowing then those things which are given use to fly out at the Nose especially if they be liquid things which are more hard to be swallowed at that time because they spread themselves abroad and therefore cannot so easily be comprehended of the Muscles to be sent into the Oesophagus which Muscles cannot sufficiently contract themselves by reason of the inflamation but solid nourishment being more corpulent need only the superficial action of the Muscles and are swallowed down by a smal contraction of them But it somtimes falls out that solid things are harder and liquid things easier to be swallowed which dependeth upon the diversity of the parts affected For the Muscles of the Larynx are ordained for to swallow meat as well as for the voyce and when the meat is thrown into the Oesophagus the Larynx is lifted up with the Tongue But for to swallow drink we use the Tongue most which while it is drawn inwards it brings the drink from the Lips to the Jaws If therefore the Muscles that move the Tongue are more affected it is harder to swallow drink But if the Muscles of the Larynx are more hurt it is harder to swallow meat Here by the way we must mark that Hippocrates somtimes by the word Angina doth understand only the inflamation of the Larynx and so it is taken more strictly of which there is an Example 6. Epid. Sect. 8. Text. 1. where he saith thus Some had inflamations of their Jaws some had Angina's where by the name Angina he understands the inflamation of the Muscles of the Larynx and distinguisheth it from the inflamation of the Jaws A Bastard Angina is without a Feaver and is two-fold The first and most ordinary comes of Rhewin falling upon the Jaws and parts neer unto the Larynx The other comes from the Luxation of the Vertebra's of the Neck by which the passage of the Gullet and Throat is pressed and made narrow The Cause of a true Angina as of other inflamations is either pure blood or mixed with Choller Flegm or Melancholly which falls upon the parts aforesaid out of the Branches of the Jugular Veins and this is either attracted by the heat or pain of those parts or sent from other parts because these parts are weak loose and fit to receivea defluxion especially if the whol Body abound with humors or the Head or the parts neer the Jaws For when evil blood aboundeth in the whol Body and is carried unto the Head if the Brain be strong it will not receive it but sends it down by the same Veins into the lower parts hence come divers inflamations as Parotides or tumors under the Ears Ophthalmies Angina's and the like Yong men are more subject to the Angina than old because they have much Chollerick blood and because they are full bodied and have much blood especially in the Head Some Authors say that men are more subject to Angina's than women which it seems Hippocrates observed 6. Epid. Sect. 7. where describing an Epidemical Constitution in which Angina's Coughs and Peripneumonia's or Inflamations of the Lungs were frequent he affirmeth that few women were sick and he gives no other reason but because they went less abroad than men and therefore were not so subject to injuries from the Air. Which Reason doth not agree with the universal Proposition That women are less subject to Angina's than men but this may be a true Reason because women have colder Blood a less Larynx or Wind-pipe and narrower Veins of the Throat For which Reason those parts do not so easily receive defluxions The precedent Diseases may be reduced to their internal Causes as continual putrid burning and especially Epidemical Feavers such as were mentioned by Forestus Obs 2. Lib. 6. which happened in the yeer 1517. at which time all that were infected had an inflamation of the Jaws and died within sixteen or twenty hours except they were let blood within six hours But in this Angina the Feaver is not Symptomatical but Essential and the Angina is symptome to it because part of the matter causing the Disease is sent to this place for in Epidemical Feavers Angina's Pleuresies Inflamation of the Lungs Disenteries and the like do happen from some secret force and influence of the Stars by which somtimes one part of the Body and somtimes another is more affected Whatsoever can cause a flux of humors to these parts may be reckoned among the external Causes of this Disease As Southernly winds according to Hippocrates Aph. 16. Sect. 3. in time of much rain many diseases happen as long Feavers Fluxes of the Belly Putrifactions Falling-sicknesses Apoplexies and Angina's Also for the producing of this last the inequality of weather doth much when the parts are made loose by heat and by cold suddenly coming thereupon the humors are sent thither A sudden cooling after heat and drinking of cold water doth the same or if the Head be kept too hot or too cold The first Cause of a Bastard Angina is propounded by Hippocrates 4. de vict rat in morb acut text 39. where he saith an Angina comes when in Winter and Spring time much slimy flegm falls from the Head to the Jugular Veins which obstructeth the passages of the Spirits with its cold glewiness There is another Cause of a Bastard Angina given by Hippocrates 2. Epidem Sect. 2. namely a Tumor rising in the Vertebra's of the Neck and especially in that which is called Dens or the shape of a Tooth by Hippocrates by which the Vertebrae are drawn inward and therefore a Cavity appears in the external part Now this Tumor either comes from flegm removing by its encrease the Vertebra from its seat or from blood falling upon the Muscles from whence comes an inflamation by which the Muscles being contracted draw the Vertebra's inward and then it is a true Angina coming from the inflamation of the said Muscles There may also be a Luxation of the Vertebrae by a flegmatick humor loosing their Nerves and making them slippery between the Joynts And lastly it may come from an external Cause as a fall or stroak as in other parts An Angina is generally known first by its proper signs namely difficulty of breathing and swallowing when there is no fault in the Breast and Lungs and when pain is felt about the Jaws and Throat and in a true Angina redness heat and a feaver are signs The Differences may be distinguished by their proper signs In Synanche there is less difficulty of breathing but great difficulty in swallowing so that moist things can scarce be swallowed but come out at the Nostrils In Parasynanche there is less difficulty of breathing nay very little because the inflamation of
the external Muscles of the Jaws doth little hinder respiration there is pain and redness outwardly in the Neck when the outward parts are inflamed In Cynanche there is great hinderance of Respiration so as the Patient seems to be strangled and somtimes is strangled for a short time and cannot breath but with the Neck upright and the Mouth open The Jaws are much pained yet there is no redness or Tumor inwardly in the Jaws nor outwardly in the Neck the Tongue is livid black and retorted or bent by reason of the great fulness of the Veins about it There useth also to be an acute Feaver you may find an acute description of this kind of Angina in Hipp. 3. de Morbis And this is remarkable which is observed of few the inward Muscles of the Larynx are not here only affected but the Lungs themselves from whence is difficulty of breathing and Suffocation which Dodonaeus observeth very wel Obs Med. Cap. 18. where he relates a history of a Butcher who at noon felt a pain about his Jaws and Throat and some difficulty in swallowing and died strangled the same night his body being opened the substance of his Lungs were found turned into matter He gave other Examples Anno 1565. in which yeer many had the Angina with pain about the Larynx which ceasing they fel into Peripneumonia and they being opened after death had either their Lungs ful of Water or imposthumated but nothing was perceived about the Larynx or its Muscles which might shew an inflamation And in these Causes he supposeth that the Larynx did not suffer principally but by consent and it is probable that the Aspera Artery or rough Artery and its branches may be filled and extended with the Humor flowing from the head and then if the Humor be sent to other vessels the Aspera Artery and Larynx are freed from pain and the Lungs are infected and so an Angina may turn into a Peripneumonia We may gather that the Lungs may be affected in an Angina from Hippocrates 4. acut text 30. 31. where he laies down Two kinds of Angina's from the diversity of the Humors one in which a Flux of Rhewm in Winter and Spring is carried to the Jugular veins another in which Choller abounds which is in Summer and Autumne of the last he speaks thus When a hot and salt Defluxion comes from the head being sharp it gnaws and ulcerates fils with Spirits brings an Orthopnaea or difficulty of breathing with the Neck stretched forth and much drouth Besides there is no Tumor the Tendons of the Neck behind are stretched like a Cramp the voice is hindered the breath is little and often stopped such have the Artery ulcerated and the Lungs inflamed so that they cannot breath Thus Hippocrates he saith also that a hot and sharp Defluxion wil bring an Orthopnaea because it biteth ulcerateth and filleth with Spirits which are carried to the place hurt hence comes the filling of the Lungs from whence Orthopnaea comes When there is no room for receiving of the external Air how much so ever the Lungs be enlarged Hippocrates affirms this 3. de morbis where in the Cure of a Squincy he saith the vein under the Breast or Papp is to be opened for in this part there is a hot Spirit from the Lungs and a little after he saith You must make hast to cause Spetting and that the Lungs may grow less as if the Lungs were swoln by the hot Spirit contained therein But it is most remarkable that when the Spirits are carried in great plenty to any part there is also blood carried therewith which if it flow in such a quantity that it cannot be wel governed by nature it useth to make inflamations and imposthumes from whence it is no wonder if in such an Angina the lungs become purulent or full of water In a Paracynanche the breath is less difficult than in a Cynanche but more difficult than in Synanche there is some redness and tumor about the Jaws A Bastard Angina is known by the Flegm by want of Feaver by the plenty of humors flowing to the mouth But a bastard Angina coming of a Luxation is known by the hurt motion of the Head and Neck and by the Preternatural Cavity which appears in the Neck by reason of the Vertebra inwardly depressed The knowledg of the Causes is taken from the universal and particular signs of the humors predominating in the whol Body When an Angina comes of blood there is heat and redness in the Face and a great distention in the part affected When it comes of Choller the pain and heat is greater with thirst bitterness in the mouth and sharpness And if it comes from flegmatick blood the pain and redness is less and the Feaver little From the part affected some knowledg of the humor offending may be had For Chollerick blood for the most part maketh an inflamation in the Muscles of the Larynx but flegmy blood goes rather to the Jaws for when the Veins of the Larynx are smal only thin blood goes thither but the Jaws being loose and spungy do more easily receive the flegmatick humors Finally From the time of the yeer you may know the peccant humor For Chollerick Angina's do come chiefly in the Summer and Autumn because in the Summer Choller breedeth and in Autumn it is â—eteined But flegm breeds in Winter and the Spring because the humors gathered in Winter are then melted and sent from the Head into the infeâ—ior parts As to the Prognostick A true Angina is a most acute Disease and very dangerous by reason of the hinderance of respiration and for strangulation which somtimes happens by the stoppage of the passages by which respiration is made Therefore by how much the greater the Constriction so much the more danger and so the first kind of Angina is most dangerous because the inflamation of the internal Muscles of the Larynx doth more stop the passage Whence Hippocrates Aph. 34. Sect. 4. saith thus If a Suffocation comes presently upon a Feaver and no Tumor in the Jaws it is mortal Which Opinion he confirmeth in coac progn saying that these kinds of Angina's do strangle in the same day and in the second third and fourth The second sort of Angina though it be very dangerous yet is it not altogether deadly as the first because the inflamation of the external Muscles of the Larynx doth not make so great and so sudden a constriction Of this Hippocrates spake 3. Prog. Text. 17. thus Whatsoever Angina's do resemble others in pain and make a Tumor and redness in the Jaws are very deadly and are of longer continuance than others if they be very red The third kind is less dangerous because the Breath is less hindered than the Swallowing from the inflamation of the internal muscles of the Jaws But the Swallow hurt is not so dangerous Of this Hippocrates speaks in the Book above cited Text. 18. in these words If
the Jaws and Neck are red these Angina's continue longer but they are chiefly preserved who have red necks and breasts and the holy fire without not within The fourth kind is least and safest because the inflamation is furthest from the Throat Hence Hippocrates Aph. 37. Sect. 6. saith If a Tumor appear in the neck in him that hath an Angina it is good for the Disease comes forth He confirms the same in 3. Progn Text. 20. thus But it is most safe to have a Tumor or redness come forth Hippocrates seems to comprehend all these Differences in one Sentence 6. Epid. Sect. 7. where speaking of the signs of an Epidemical Angina he saith In the sum of all To them that could only not swallow the disease was mild and easie to be endured but it was desperate to them who had withal a difficulty of breathing If the matter causing the Angina be carried to the Lungs either the Patients die or else turn Fools or Empyick that is imposthumated between the Breast and Lungs as Hippocrates Aph. 10 Sect. 5. and 3. Progn In an Angina that is strong if the Patient foam at the mouth it is deadly Aph. 43. Sect. 2. for it shews a great straitness about the Heart and violent heat from which the proper moisture of the Lungs is squeezed forth and carried to the mouth in a kind of froath They who have an Angina if they spit not concocted matter but a little viscid slimy and thick are desperate Hipp. in coac The Tumors of the Jaws in an Angina suddenly vanishing without reason are deadly Hipp. in coacis Without cause or reason that is without a precedent Evacuation by Art or Crisis for it signifies the returning of the matter inward from whence a more dangerous Disease may be in the internal parts or as it somtimes fals out the matter returning to the same part makes a sudden suffocation The Cure of the Angina is made by the same Indications which are observed in the Cure of all Inflamations so the humor flowing to the part is to be revelled and repelled that which is there is to be derived and dissolved But if it cannot be dissolved it is to be disgested and suppurated all which may be done as followeth First appoint a slender cooling and moistening Diet of Barley Cream Chicken Broth or Capon Broath with cool Herbs and the like If the Patient cannot swallow by reason of the narrowness of the Oesophagus so that from thence you fear loss of strength and death You may free him from that danger by putting down a Catheter into the Oesophagus to which you may fit a Syringe by which you may send Broath into the Stomach The Practical Physitians use nourishing Clysters by which some nourishment may be carried to the Liver from the Meseraick Veins Let his drink be Barley Water and other things used in acute Feavers Let the Air be temperate and without extremity for the cold will stop the pores and the hot will encrease the defluxion and inflamation The Patient must lie with his head high and his neck upright that he may better breath he must avoid much sleep as in internal inflamations for as Hippocrates saith Blood runs inward in time of sleep and so the confluxion of humors to the part affected will be encreased But since Angina is a most acute Disease and somtimes kills a man in one day you must use great Remedies with much diligence Therefore in what hour soever the Physitian comes let him presently let blood on the same side that is affected out of the Head Vein or if that appear not out of the Median to a pound or a pound and an half or two pound as much as his strength will permit for in this there is most hope but you must not take all that blood away at once lest the Patient faint by which he would be in danger but by degrees and intermission at every third or fourth hour This kind of blood-letting is so necessary in this disease that it may be hindered by no contrary indication So in the flowing of the Terms or at any other time you must take away blood in a great quantity Of which we have a president in Zacutus Lucitanus 2. Prax. admir cap. 135. of a Woman which was in her seventh month great with Child and was taken with a Squinzy but being seven times let blood in one day was cured If the Disease be not violent you may first give a Clyster but if otherwise afterwards While Phlebotomy is iterated make other revulsions in the same day with Cupping-glasses both dry and with scarrification upon the shoulders and loyns make frictions and painful Ligatures upon the extream parts Having bled enough fall to purging the next day not expecting the concoction of humors because the disease admits of no parley therefore give one proper to the humor nay if the disease do constrain you let blood and give a purge both in the same day as Trallianus did by his confession Lib. 4. Cap. 1. in these words I truly remember that I when occasion required opened a Vein in the morning under the Tongue and at night gave a purge of the extract of Scammony in Broth and could scarce hinder strangulation for all that and another the next day after I had opened both the Arms purged him again Now your purge must be of gentle things if the disease come of Choller lest the humors should be moved too violently and so come to the part affected Also if the Inflamation come only of blood it is better to abstain altogether from purging But if flegm run with it make stronger Purges and give Agarick and Diaphoenicon with Senna nay in a strong flegmatick Angina you may rise to those Medicines which cause violent vomiting and among the rest the Aqua Benedicta of Dr. Rowland is the best which given to the quantity of two ounces doth wonders and for the most part cureth the disease in the space of two hours Moreover it hath no evil taste and so may easily be sipped up which you cannot do in other Medicines which by reason of their evil taste cannot be taken but at one draught by the Patient therefore they can seldom be purged till the passages are a little opened But that is supplied by often Clysters and therefore they who cannot take Aqua Benedicta Rulandi by reason of its heat or their weakness because they must be strong who take it nor any other Medicine must use often Clysters that are very sharp to draw down the Humors For the same Revulsion it is good to apply Cupping-glasses to the Neck and Shoulders with scarrification Frictions and Ligatures to the lower parts and to wash their Feet with hot Water But a Vesicatory to the Neck behind doth more strongly revel the humors flowing from the head which you must do presently after blood-letting After Revulsions are sufficiently and diligently made you must derive the Humor from the part
although it be much dilated yet it takes in but little Air therefore the respiration is quick and often with snorting This is augmented by a Feaver by which the breath is hotter and the desire of cold air is greater The Pulse is great faint and soft by reason of Flegm and the looseness of the Lungs yet there is some hardness by the Choller and blood it is unequal from the compression of the Artery neer the Heart and in thick Humors most Somtimes it is intermitting watery vermicular when the Lungs are rotten by too much moisture There is a heavy pain that reacheth from the Breast to the Back somtimes it is between the Shoulders and somtimes under one only Shoulder and from thence communicated to the Throat and Pap Especially in a Cough somtimes they feel no pain til they begin to Cough somtimes there is also a pricking pain in the side when it is joyned with a Pleurisie as it often happeneth Although the Membrane that covers the Lungs be of the same nature with the Pleura as Galen taught 4. de loc affect cap. 5. Yet there is not so great pain in a Peripneumonia as in a Pleurisie for two Differences which are laid down by Galen in the place afore-cited The First is Because the Nerves that go to the Membrane of the Lungs are few and very little but they which go to the Pleura are many and great Th Other is Because the Breast consists of Bones and Flesh which wil not be stretched from whence the pain is greater But the Lungs are soft and yeilding and therefore their pain is less There is Redness in the Cheeks by reason of the hot vapors which fly into the head and carrying with them the thinner blood And this Colour is most in the Cheeks because their skin is thinnest There are besides these signs Heaviness Weakness and a Tossing with great sense of Heat in the whol Body The Tongue is Yellow and then it groweth Red a great thirst swelling of the Eyes and of the veins of the Temples There is a Delirium or Doting when it comes from Choller and a Coma when it comes from Flegm If the Disease comes of Chollerick blood the spittle wil be yellow the heat and thirst greater more difficulty of breathing with less Heaviness the air breathed forth is more hot the Feaver is very violent the Pulse swift the Delirium great the Water thin yellow and cleer the age time of the year the Country and Diet before do al attest for Choller If Flegm which is most ordinary produce the Disease the spittle wil be white viscous and froathy the Feaver burning of the Breast thirst and driness of the tongue wil be less the weight of the Breaâ—â— greater the Pulse slower and softer the Age old Habit of body time of the Yeer and the Country are cold and moist If the Disease come from pure Blood the Spittle wil be Red the Urin Red and Thick the Face more Red the Veins of the Temples more swoln with heaviness and distention of the whol body and other things that declare abundance of blood Lastly If Melancholly blood be the Cause the Spittle wil be black or blewish the Tongue black from the beginning dry and rough there wil be also heaviness and great sighing between breathing and al the signs of Melancholly predominating in the whol body The Prognostick of this Disease is thus to be made A Peripneumonia is more dangerous than a Pleurisie and for the most part deadly by reason of the necessity of respiration and the neerness of the Heart Celsus saith That this kind of Disease hath more Danger than Pain and for the most part Killeth But strength of Body less vehemency of Symptomes yellow Spittle not mixed with much Blood raised in the beginning a great flux of blood at the Nose in the Critical day or a flux of the Belly which is Chollerick and froathy or a flux of the Hemorrhoids or Terms do shew some hope of recovery Imposthumes about the Ears or inferior parts being well suppurated and kept open do foretel recovery as Hipp. in proga If a Peripneumonia be turned into a Pleurisie it is good and though it seldom happen as Galen teacheth Comment Aphor. 11. Sect. 7. because there is a going from a Disease more dangerous to one less dangerous And this transmutation is known by a pricking pain of the side coming thereupon and by abating the shortness of breath But the vehemency of the Disease and symptomes do declare a dangerous and deadly Peripneumonia as want of spittle continual watching a Delirium or Coma coldness of the extream parts snorting with great difficulty of breathing blewness and crookedness of the nails Moreover A Peripneumoma coming upon a Pleurisie is most dangerous as Hippocrates teacheth Aph. 11. Sect. 7. because the translation of a humor from an ignoble part to a more noble is evil and the strength being spent by the disease foregoing can endure the force of a new and worâ—e When the urine is thick in the beginning of the Disease and after before the fourth day it becomes thin death is at hand Hipp. in Coacis The Cure of the Peripneumonia is very like that of the Pleurisie and there must be first bleeding as much as the strength will permit once or twice in a day till the disease abate for since the Lungs are then full of blood and draw much from the heart which is inflamed you need not fear to let blood thrice four five or six times But if a Peripneumonia follow a Squinzy or Pleurisie you may let blood more warily because the strength is abated by the former Disease You must let blood from the Basilica Vein of both arms if the whol Lungs be equally affected or from either on that side the pain is or on which the Patient sets more weight or from which he supposeth he raiseth most spittle You must bleed women in this disease first in the Ancle Vein and after within six hours in the Arm except it be so desperate that you are constrained at the first to bleed in the Arm. In which case all the time you bleed and a little before you must apply Cupping-glasses to the Thighs But after if the strength will not permit further phlebotomy you must apply Cupping-glasses to the Shoulders and â—ack both dry and with Scarrification as much as the Patient can suffer Also Emollient and loosening Clysters are good revulsives but you must not use too strong purging Medicines therein lest you bring a flux of the Belly which is most dangerous in this Disease If a crude flegmatick humor coming from the head cause this disease or nourish it a Vesicatory laid to the hinder part of the Head doth very much good In the mean while use the Juleps and Emulsons prescribed in the Cure of a Pleurisie Anoint the breast with Oyl of Violets sweet Almonds or with fresh Butter or the like or with this Liniment Take of Oyl
by Schenkius by which it appears that he never see it till â—heir bodies who died of it were opened by him Therefore we will describe it exactly that a Phy-â—â—tian may not be deceived This serous humor either may be bred in the Lungs by the proper fault of them as when it doth â—ot concoct its own nourishment but turneth it into Water which by degrees is sent to the Cavity â—f the Breast or by bladders breaking upon the Lungs which are mentioned by Hippocrates in his â—ook of Internal Diseases and also by others Or it is sent into the Breast from other parts as from â—he Hypochondria especially when the Liver or the Spleen are distempered with a Schirrus or other â—isease by which much water is produced This watery humor is either sent by the Veins to the â—ungs which are weak or else from the Cavity of the Abdomen it is carried to the Breast by Insensiâ—le Transpiration Now Experience teacheth that this serous humor may be sent from one Belly to â—nother because the dropsie of the Breast turns into a dropsie of the Belly and a dropsie of the belâ—y into the Breast from whence they are suddenly choaked The Diagnosis of this Disease as hath been said is very hard for almost all the signs are the â—ame with the signs of other Diseases of the Breast But a noise of Water in the breast is only peâ—uliar to this Disease and to Empyema which may be heard within if the body be moved to and fro â—r be taken upon a strong mans shoulders and shaken But all the Signs which we mentioned from Hippocrates taken together may make a certain Diagâ—osis To which you may ad this one as being most evident to shew the Disease and by which â—he Dropsie in the breast is only distinguished from other difficulties of breathing namely When â—t every first beginning to sleep this difficulty of breathing cometh and hindereth it and by night enâ—reaseth and towards morning by degrees abateth To these you may ad somtimes a pain of one Arm or Shoulder which comes either from the humor falling from the Head into the Breast part whereof falls into the Arm being neer or from the water contained in the breast and sent to the Arms by the Axillary Veins of the Arm-holes or from â—he Refrigeration of the Intercostal Muscles from which the Nerves are derived to the Arms or from â—ome other sympathy by way of vicinity For Hippocrates in Coacis observed this Sympathy of the â—reast and arms If those parts or lobes of the Lungs which hang towards the right and left side of â—he Chest be vehemently inflamed so that they sway or rest upon one side of the Chest or Ribs the â—atery matter breaks out on the same side of the Body where the Lungs lean or rest This is a great Disease and hard to be cured for they who have it have their Natural heat very â—eak and their natural strength also from some great disease in the bowels from whence it comes that when the humor collected in the breast is evacuated by Medicines which is very difficult there â—omes more in the place of it from whence the disease is not only nourished but encreased so that â—t length by abundance of water they fall into the Dropsie called Ascites yet in the beginning beâ—ore the bowels are much hurt it somtimes may be cured For the Cure of this disease you must observe two Indications namely That the matter contaiâ—ed in the breast be evacuated and that the breeding thereof again be hindered It is a hard thing to empty the water contained in the breast because the waies are not open by which it should be brought forth Therefore Hippocrates doth advise to open the side which because â—e never see practised and never read in any Author that it was done with good success we cannot absolutely approve and we may speak of it as we have of the Opening or Tapping for the Dropsie in its proper Chapter Therefore it is better to attempt this Evacuation with Medicines that expel Water for which purpose al those Medicines prescribed by us in the Cure of the Dropsie are good Where we must observe diligently That if when the Disease is confirmed and much serous humor is gathered in the Breast you give a violent Purge those humors wil be much moved from whence there wil come a great Suffocation which wil kil the Patient therefore be wary and give your Medicine in a less Dose though oftener and mix them with strong Openers that purge Urin that both the passages may be unstopt and the Matter carried to the Uritories Among Water Purges the Minerals are best as Mercurius Dulcis and Mercurius Vitae so corrected that it may work only downward Also Diureticks alone or Medicines to provoke Urin often used are good because they turn away the matter coming to the breast to the bladder and by way of Consequence they bring it also from the breast Also Sudorificks are profitable to the carrying away of this serous matter and we saw a man of sixty years old who by the use of a Sweating drink made of Guaiacum and Sarsa taken fifteen days together and by provoking sweat with the vapor of the Spirit of Wine was Cured Cauteries applied to make Issues in the Thighes and Legs are also good to take Water from the breast You may hinder the breeding of this Water by amending the faults of those parts which send this Matter So if the Lungs be in fault you must apply proper Medicines unto them if the Liver or Spleen be troubled with Distemper Obstruction Schirrus or the like you must cure them by Medicines taken out of their several Chapters But those things which do strengthen the Vital and the Natural parts wil alwayes agree such as are prescribed in the Cure of Weakness Dropsie and Flux of the Liver Chap. 6. Of Haemoptysis or Spetting of Blood ALthough usually the word Haemoptysis doth signifie al manner of Spetting of blood from what part soever it doth proceed whether from the Breast Lungs Rough Artery or from the Jaws Gums Pallat Uvula Brain Stomach Liver and Spleen Yet Galen lib. 1. decris cap. 5. saith That Haemoptysis properly is taken for that spetting of blood which comes from the Vital parts as the Breast Lungs and rough Artery It is a Symptome in the excretion of those things which are wholly besides Nature But since every Symptome depends upon a Disease as its next and immediate Cause the Cause of this wil be either an Organical or a Common Disease The Organical is Two-fold the opening of the Vessels called in Greek Anastoriosis and Rarifaction called Diapedesis Also the Common Disease is Two-fold namely the breaking of the same Vessels called Rexis and the Corrosion of them called Diabrosis The Internal Cause immediately producing the Diseases is a great quantity of blood Blood exceeding in quantity wil either break the Veins or open their Orifices and so make either
Organs or Instruments of the Spirits There are no true and proper Differences of Consumptions but such as come from the variety of their Causes Yet Hippocrates doth lay down many kinds which are worth the observing which must be reduced not to a true Consumption but to one in general which is without ulcer of the Lungs And first lib. 6. epid sect 8. text 47. he sheweth of a Consumption which came from a running of the Reins in this History A Satyre called Grypalopex being twenty five yeers old had Nocturnal Polutions and dayly loss of Seed who when he came to be thirty yeers of age fell into a Consumption and died For by the continual loss of Seed the nourishment of the body is taken away by which the solid patts are consumed and dried There is another kind in Hipp. 2. de morb called the Consumption of the back which comes from too much Lechery which destroyeth the whol habit of the Body and takes away the nourishment from the solid parts this happens to new married folks who are unsatiable and is the chiefest of the Consumptions of the back for Hippocrates laies down four kinds thereof The first is that mentioned which comes from Lechery The second is laid down lib. 2. de intern affect text 13. which comes from too much blood and nourishment going to the Spinal Marrow by which the Natural heat and all other faculties are stifled and destroyed Now Hipp. 5. epid sheweth that the body may consume by too much blood in a story concerning one who when nothing would nourish him but he still grew leaner was perfectly cured when all other Medicines failed by bleeding in both Hands as long as the Veins would discharge The third kind is in the place mentioned namely when the marrow of the back is dried by which the whol body drieth and consumeth Hippocrates mentioneth two Causes of this driness one is the obstruction of the veins which go to the back with nourishment another is the flowing of Choller from the head upon the back which Hippocrates sheweth in his Book de locis in homine The fourth is described in the same Book and it comes from a distillation upon the marrow of the back in these words Moreover when a defluxion falls upon the Back this kind of consumption cometh with pain in the Loyns and seeming emptiness to the Patient in the internal parts of the head In the same Book numb 18. he saith thus When there is a defluxion upon the Marrow there is a secret undiscernable Consumption He calls it secret because when the body decaies you cannot so easily find out the cause he calls it undiscernable because you cannot perceive the inconveniences of the defluxion at the first But it ceaseth to be secret and undiscernable if the defluxion be not only upon the marrow of the back but also upon the Os Sacrum and Hip for then the distillation is apparent and there is pain and loss of motion with dejection of mind These are more cleer in Hippocrates in his Tenth Book de glandulis in these words There is another Disease which comes from a defluxion from the Head by the Veins upon the Marrow of the Back and from thence to the Os Sacrum and Hip which is a Consumption also which destroyeth for then the Shoulders and both the feet are weak and after the leggs and they alwaies die of it though they have been formerly cured This kind of Consumption is to be observed because it often happeneth especially to such who have weak Nerves which will easily receive the desluxion To this kind you may refer that which comes of want and hunger which Galen mentioneth libde Marasmo when the Body decaies for want of nourishment Now Nourishment is wanting to the solid parts not only for want or meat which the Stomach concocteth and sends to the Liver to make blood for the whol Body but also when the Chylus which is sufficiently concocted in the stomach cannot pass through the Meseraick Veins by reason of their obstruction as it happeneth to them who have a Struma whose Mesentery for the most part is full of Glandles by which the milky Veins called Venae Lacteae are compressed from whence the whol Body grows lean and they die of a Consumption But the solid parts are deprived of their necessary nourishment when salt blood that is not sit for nourishment is gathered into the Veins which as Galen shews are incurable 5. Meth. except by Epicrasis or change of habit And finally Galen lib. de Marasmo decimo meth and in other places speaks of a Consumption from a manifest or hidden Inflamation from the syncope of the Heart or Stomach and the like which may be seen in their proper places The Diagnostick signs by which you may know a true Consumption do some of them declare a Consumption beginning or begun or confirmed which are very well set down by Hipp. 1. de morbis The signs of a Consumption at hand are in Hipp. Book mentioned Text 9. in these words There is also a Suppuration when flegm flows from the Head upon the Lungs and first for the most part it flows privately and causeth a little Cough and the spittle to be bitter and a little heat In this saying there are contained four signs of an eminent Consumption The first sign is A defluxion from the beginning closely conveighed to the Lungs because then the matter is little and because the thinner part of the humor which floweth about the rough Artery and doth not vex the Lungs which otherwise would be more disturbed in the beginning before they are weakened thence it is called a secret defluxion because there is little hurt at the first done thereby The second sign is When the Humor flowing makes but a smal Cough being at the first but little and thin The third sign is When the spittle is more bitter than usually it was because the humor that must ulcerate the Lungs must be sweet sharp or salt which qualities being altered by a preternatural heat do turn bitter for it is known that sweet and salt things overmuch boyled do grow bitter But in regard that preternatural heat is not very great at the first the spittle is but a little bitter The fourth sign is a little heat as being feaverish for when the matter is not much moved but receiveth putrifaction from the heat of the place wherein it hath been long contained the Feaver cannot be very violent for the putrid matter can many waies be refrigerated therfore it is no wonder if the Feaver be smal in the beginning To these signs of Hippocrates we may ad an evil formation of the Breast and Youth which meeting with the aforesaid signs must needs declare a consumption to be at hand The evil fashion of the Breast is when it is narrow and the Shoulder-blades stick up like wings when the fore part of the Breast is narrow and the hinder part broad for then the Breast is
pugil Liquoris scraped and Raisons stoned of each three drams Jujubes four the flowers of Bugloss and Violets of each half a pugil boyl them to three ounces In the straining dissolve Rhubarb infused in Scabious Water with yellow Sanders four scruples Manna one ounce Syrup of Roses half an ounce Make a Potion Or give two ounces of Manna with Chicken or ordinary Broth. Or make a Bolus of Cassia one ounce and one scruple of the pouder of Liquoris In the beginning you may give stronger purges for to draw down the salt and sharp Catarrh which is the chief Cause of the Ulcer such as are prescribed in a hot Catarrh Also before the body be too lean at the first you may let blood to allay the Feaver and the acrimony of the humor But in the beginning of the Cure you must stay and divert the Catarrh from the Breast otherwise all other things will be in vain And all those things which were prescribed for the Cure of a hot Catarrh are good in this case Besides a Seton to the Neck is very good And Fabricius Hildanus reports that he cured many by this way At length you must come to the Cure of the Ulcer for which give things that clense knit and expectorate Many there are of this nature But these following are the best Milk doth hit all intentions for Cure It clenseth with its serous parts it conglutinateth with its coagulating part and nourisheth and refresheth with its unctious part But there are divers kinds of Milk and Womans Milk is the best because it is more agreeable to our Natures especially if it be sucked from the breast Platerus affirms that he knew many cured by the use thereof and that one of them did not only recover but grew so strong that least his Nurse should want milk for him he got her with child again But because many will not endure that sort Asses Milk is commended which because it is very full of Whey doth easily pierce into the Veins and excellently clense the Ulcer the next to this is Goats Milk Let the Ass be fed with Plantane Vine Leaves Brambles Polyganon Grass Barley and Rye Let him drink it new milked warm therefore let the Ass be brought neer the Chamber and be milked into a warm Vessel First let him take it in a smal quantity three or four ounces that his Stomach may be used to it encreasing the quantity by degrees to eight or ten ounces or a pint and least it should grow sowr or curdle in the Stomach and that it may agree better with the Lungs put Sugar of Roses to it one ounce thereof to eight of milk let him not sleep after his Milk immediately but walk gently about the Chamber let him not eat before the Milk be concocted and he find a stomach and that it be more effectual You must not give it in a strong Feaver or when there is a pain in the Head or swelling in the Hypochondria or a Chollerick flux according to Hippocrates Aphor. 64. Sect. 5. Commonly it is taken only once in a day but it is better twice and best if the Patient live only upon it For besides that it doth work more powerfully in a great quantity there is a great profit by not mixing it with Broth and other meats for they will easily putrifie If therefore the Disease be very desperate give Milk after purging every six hours with Manus Christi of Pearl and Coral And least strength should fail let him intermix a restoring distilled Water Sugar of Roses is very profitable as also the Conserve by use whereof Avicen reports that he cured a Woman of a desperate Consumption so that she was not only sound but very fat afterwards Mesue also witnesseth that many have been recovered by the same and he directeth that the Conserve of Roses be new not above a yeer old taken in a great quantity and often with Medicines Meat and drink and also by it self at any hour But first give Clensers because it will otherwise astringe and retain the excrementitious matter in the Lungs But when breath begins to fail and the Patient cannot raise flegm let him take expectorating things as Syrup of Hysop and Coltsfoot and other Lohochs And if heat arise from drying too much give Syrup of Violets Jujubes the Mucilage of Fleabane and Quinces and the like Montanus Valeriola and Forestus say that they have seen some cured by taking Sugar of Roses in great quantities An Apothecary whom I knew in a Consumption made a great quantity of Sugar of Roses for himself and eat it constantly by which he was cured An Infusion of Yarrow Tormentil Burnet and Conserve of Roses made in Balneo Mariae is very good as it is described in the Chapter of spitting of blood if it be used twenty daies together The Decoction of Bugle in Mutton Broth doth excellent against a Consumption and inward ulcers it doth a little gently loosen the belly against the Nature of all the Consolidae Trallianus lib. 7. cap. 1. boasts that he cured many with Blood-stone The preparation and use whereof we have shewed in the Cure of spitting blood The Syrup of the Juyce of Ground Ivy is commended by Quercetan thus made Take of the Juyce of Ground Ivy two pound and an half let it be digested in Balneo Mariae To this Juyce well refined put Sugar of Roses one pound Penides four ounces Boyl them to Syrup to be taken now and then a spoonful He also addeth the flower of Brimstone to it to make it into a Lohoch of which he gives four times in a day and he boasteth that he hath therewith cured many The Syrup of the flowers of St. Johns wort made by Infusion in Balneo Mariae is very good in this Disease as also for all inward ulcers The Syrup of Comfry is excellent for it clenseth healeth and strengtheneth by astringing as also Comphry Roots boyled in Broth It is affirmed that many have been cured by this Hydromel Take of China Roots sliced six ounces Coltsfoot Roots three ounces Burdock and Avens Roots of each three ounces Elicampane Roots two ounces Lungwort Leaves and Scabious Leaves and Roots both the Veronicaes Vlmaria and Herb Two-pence of each two handfuls all the Capillar Herbs of each one handful the tops of Bugle Bettony Cowslip flowers and red Veronica of each four pugils Ground Ivy Leaves and Roots three handfuls Jujubes Dates Sebestens and Raisons stoned of each one ounce and an half Spanish Liquoris one ounce and an half Let them all being well sliced boyl in thirty two pints of spring Water till half be consumed with a little gentle fire ad to the Liquor being strained of the best Honey four pound Boyl it again and skim it then strain it through an Hippocras Bag putting thereto half an ounce of Cinnamon six drams of Coriander seeds Annis and sweet Fennel seeds of each three drams put the Liquor in a large Vessel and let it
Blood is when Nutrition is hindered there is a corruption of both when their qualities are changed So when the Air is infected in time of Pestilence it begets Leipothymia and Syncope as also stinking vapors and sweet also do the same with some Women and the blood is corrupted from evil meats Too great Evacuations whether sensible or insensible do disperse the Spirits The sensible are chiefly of Blood from the Mouth Nose Womb Belly Hemorrhoids Phlebotomy and great Wounds and next of other Humors which though they are Excrementitious yet because of their great Evacuation the Spirits are much dispersed and cause a Syncope These Humors are discharged by Vomit Stool Urine Sweat the opening of a great Imposthume especially if it be inward as an Empyema or outward as in a Dropsie when the Navil is tapped The insensible Evacuations are by the Rarifaction of the Skin and by the acrimony and thinness of the Humors immoderate heat hot Baths or Houses great Labors Also long watchings and fasting Lechery great anger and joy long and violent sickness do dissipate the Spirits as also great pain of the Heart Stomach Guts Reins Ears Teeth and of all Nervous parts An evil disposition of the Bowels doth alter and corrupt the Spirits and whatsoever doth procure a malignant quality which is adverse to the Heart as Air Stinks venemous and pestilential taken in by the Breath or bred in the Body from putrifaction of Humors as also poyson taken in or applied outward or sent to the Heart by biting of venemous Creatures Lastly The vehement returning of blood and Spirits to the Heart and an abundance of evil vapors gathered about the Heart and the parts adjacent and too much cold and thick blood gathered about the Heart and its Veins Arteries and parts adjacent do suffocate and destroy the Spirits We lately saw a Noble Lady a Virgin which from her Infancy was subject to this Disease that with every light passion of the mind she was taken therwith taken with a violent Syncope which ushered death in by a sudden return of blood and Spirits to her heart for when she should have been married to a fine yong man which loved her deerly and her Parents Friends and Kindred were solemnly met about it they gave her a Pen to write her hand to the Contract but she having not fully written her name fel down dead upon the ground Hence we easily conjecture that there was a great and sudden retraction of the Blood and Spirits to the Heart by a vehement passion of the mind which choaked the Natural heat and the Spirits therein of which she died suddenly Petrus Salius Diversus saw as he reporteth Lib. de aff part cap. 4. a Girle of fourteen years old fal into a Syncope from abundance of cold and thick blood garhered about her heart and the great vessels for having for a whol day a heaviness of head with giddiness and disturbance she died the next day after suddenly After being opened the blood appeared so congealed in the great Artay and Vena Cava or hollow Vein that taking it by the end you might draw it out like a Sword from a Scabbard Wherefore we judged That the sudden death came from the interception and stopping of the Veins by congealed blood This happeneth seldom for you shal seldom see blood in dead bodies so congealed for the veins have such a property to retain blood that even after death they keep it thin though without them it growth alwayes thick But Salius gives the Reason of this Congealation by comparing it with blood without the Vessels which as soon as it is cold is congealed and the sooner from the coldness thickness and slyminess of the Melanchollick or Phlegmatick humor therein contained Somthing like to this may be-sal blood constrained in the veins which abounding with vicious juyce thick and cold doth â—o sill the greater Veins that it stops the spirits and so extinguisheth them and then the blood grows cold and thick from those humors which otherwise would have been thin The Spagiricks refer this to a congealing Spirit made of a peculiar and extraordinary mixture of Humors which since it seldom happeneth the Disease is very rare And truly a simple Refrigeration cannot cause that concretion for then in dead bodies especially in winter the blood would alwayes be thick in the Veins but we find it alwaies thin but we may suppose that this Congealing Spirit is like that which causeth a Catalepsis or Congealation which makes the parts inflexible The Chymists do acknowledge such kind of Congealing Spirits to be in many Creatures Vegetables and Minerals such as are reported to be raised out of the Earth in some Histories of Men and Beasts who have been Congealed by filthy vapors coming from Earth-quakes or Dens so that their bodies became presently stiffe And Cardanus saith That such spirits are in Thunder-bolts in his History of the Eight Mowers who Supping under an Oak were struck stiffe and remained as at first the one seeming to Eat the other to reach the Pot and the other to Drink The Signs to this Disease by either are from the Subject which is more capable to receive it or from the Fit either coming or present or from the Causes that produce it The Subjects which are most fit to receive a Syncope are men who by some Natural Debility or Weakness from some Disease become faint-hearted Women rather than Men especially in their Terms or with Child As also they who have fine Constitutions subject to the Jaundice Spleen or Melancholly These things signifie that a Syncope is coming to them who are subject to it Anxiety and sudden disturbance of mind heaviness in the head giddiness an apprehension of divers colours green and yellow a sudden and often change of the colour in the face and of the beating of the Pulse When Leipothymy is present the same signs are but greater and there is often a cold sweat as also the sick complain of their faintness But these signs shew a Syncope A sudden failing of al strength a slow pulse low and at length stopping a pale and blewish face coldness of al the body especially externally a cold sweat especially in the temples neck and breast from whence the Disease is named The signs of the Causes are commonly manifest for Feavers malignant acute syncopal or fainting cause a proper Syncope or Swoonding are easily known As also those external Causes which make a sudden Syncope may be plainly seen As Anger extraordinary and Joy a sudden Fright stinking smels great bleeding and other large evacuations long watchings and fasting much lechery and grievous pain These things do signifie that the Humors and the Body are thin a sharp nose hollow eyes temples fallen and the gnawing of the mouth of the stomach trouble of mind pricking heat and great pain do shew abundance of Choller When there is abundance of crude Humors you may know by the enlarging of the body swelling about
part which quickly is gonâ— but you must gather the Nature and quality of the Vapor by the signs of the Humor which aboundeth in any part because vapors do alwaies arise from Humors If the Palpitation come from Humors in the Heart the Disease doth not come so suddenly and continueth longer and you may know what kind of humor it is by the signs of the Humor which abounds throughout the whol Body And especially if it be from Blood from which it most often proceedeth and this is known by a divers and unequal Pulse somtimes great somtimes smal slow and swift to which the Breathing answereth in proportion the Patients heart seemeth to be bound and oppressed as appears by the exceeding heat distension of the Veins redness of Face the time being Spring the Age Region and Diet causing Blood to abound That which comes by consent from other parts is known by the proper signs of the parts affected so we know that it is from the stomach when there is want of Appetite loathing vomiting of base Humors and gnawing at the Stomach A troublesom breathing about the Pancreas or Spleen or any other disease of the Spleen sheweth that the matter lurketh there from whence the vapors fly to the Heart so suppression of the Terms and Hysterical fits declare that it comes from the Womb. The Water abounding in the Pericardium is harder to be known but we may conjecture if the Pulse be weak and faint and the Patient bemoaneth himself that his heart as it were is somtimes in Water and is suffocated and if it be constant and he incline to an Atrophy or Hectick If malignant humors cause it there will be great change in the Pulse a loss of strength somtimes fainting and other signs of malignity If it come from a Tumor there is remarkable variety in the Pulse and the motion of the Heart is different from the natural very unequal and inordinate and if the humor be hot there will be great inflamation in the Body great thirst difficulty of breathing and fainting will follow with death but if the Tumor be hard and in the Pericardium the disease is constant and the Patient decayes by degrees without any manifest cause if flesh or any more solid thing grow to the heart there will be a continual Palpitation from the beginning of the Disease to the end of Life Lastly You may know when it comes by want of Spirits by the precedent causes which destroyed the Spirits and by the quick and smal pulse and when it comes from the least labor or motion Somtimes the like befals them that are well from walking or other motion with a change of Pulse and a resembling Palpitation The Prognostick is to be taken thus It is dangerous from the hinderance of the motion of the Heart by which Life is preserved and it brings Syncopes and death For it is a true Observation of Galen Com. Aph. 41. Sect. 2. and 5. de loc aff cap. 2. All that in youth or in declining age are troubled with the Palpitation of the Heart very much die before they are old for the often Palpitation is a sign that the Vital faculty was very weak A Palpitation by Propriety is worse than by consent and somtimes deadly And that which is of an internal is worse than that which comes of an external Cause unless it be from poyson or some great wound If it come from a Tumor or solution of Unity it is incurable The Cure is various according to the variety of the Causes and first that which comes from a peculiar distemper of the Heart and Pericardium is incurable therefore we must look only at the Cure of that which is by consent which depends upon the divers diseases of the parts whose Cure must be sought in their proper Chapters But besides those Remedies which take away the Cause you must use those which asswage the Symptomes by refreshing the Heart and strengthening it and which discuss the vapors which arise from melancholly or crude waterish Humors as Cordial Juleps Opiates Epithems Perfumes which are prescribed in weakness and these that follow Take of Conserve of Balm Rosemary-flowers Borrage-flowers and Clove-gilly-flowers of each one ounce Confection of Acorns and old Treacle of each one dram the Pouder of Diamber and Diamoschi dulcis of each one scruple with the Syrup of Citron Barks make an Opiate which let him take often Take of Bugloss Rose and Orenge-flower Water of each two ounces the syrup of Clove-gilly-flowers one ounce and an half Cinnamon Water half an ounce the spirit of Roses two drams Confection of Acorns one dram mix them and give two spoonfuls now and then This following Liquor which immitateth the Juyce of Hearts described in the following Chapter is good Take of Hogs or Sheeps Hearts three Cinnamon and Cloves of each one dram Lettice and Sorrel seeds of each one dram and an half white Wine two ounces Borrage Scabious and Rose Water of each one ounce and an half Confection of Alkermes one dram boyl them all between Two Dishes and let him take two spoonfuls of the Liquor morning and evening Take of Red Roses and Rosemary-flowers of each two drams Lavender flowers one dram Angelica seeds Citron peels Cloves Cinnamon and Mace of each half a dram Saffron one scruple Musk and Amber-greece of each six grains Make a Bag with red Silk and sprinkle it with Rose water and white Wine and apply it warm to the Heart Take of Oyntment of Roses half an ounce Oyl of Cinnamon and Cloves of each six drops Musk and Amber-greece of each four grains Mix it for a Liniment for the heart Purging Clysters and Carminative to expel Wind are often to be given But in the Fit it is best to open a vein And Galen witnesseth 5. de loc aff cap. 2. That he never did it without profit Some apply Cupping Glasses without Scarrification to the Breast which they say are excellent to discuss Wind there contained Others to the Hypochondria when the matter of the Disease is there But Zacutus Lusitanus applied a Cupping Glass with Scarrification to the heart with wonderful success as you may read in prax admir obs 133. lib. 1. Others commend true Rhapontick given to two scruples in Wine or Wine wherein the same hath been steeped Chap. 3. Of WEAKNESSE ALthough Weakness of Strength doth generally comprehend the hinderance of al Actions Animal Vital and Natural yet more particularly it comprehends the Vital which are known by a Weak Pulse yet this Weakness useth to be found in al great Diseases in which Nature doth yeild or resist the Cause Therefore as in Palpitation the Action of the Heart that is Pulsation is depraved so in Weakness it is diminished Which is the same with a Syncope but it differs in this In a Syncope it is so little that it is hardly perceived but in Weakness the Pulse is manifest and not so little In this also the Animal Faculty is
few Grains of the best Mastich taken in the Morning is good to stay Vomitting Three Grains also of Balsom of Peru taken in a rear Egg or in Sugar like a Pill do it better Also a Decoction of Beans or Pease after the first Water is cast away with a little Vinegar is much Commended And the Crude Juyce of Quinces taken Two or Three spoonfuls at a time doth Wonders Camphire often smelt to or taken with a little Rose Water and a little Pouder of Diaâ—oscum is good for the same The Spirit of Vitriol mixed with Plantane or Spring Water to make it sharp doth also powerfully stay Vomiting If it be very violent make the Water sharper with Spirit of Vitriol or give it in Sack or rich Wine if you want Spirit of Vitriol use the strongest Vinegar without mixture one spoonful or two at a time One Scruple of Salt of Wormwood mixed with a spoonful of the Juyce of Lemons is a most Excellent Medicine especially in those Vomitings which happen in Malignant Feavers If the Patient grow very Weak with Vomiting give him Laudanum with Conserve of Quinces or Syrup of dried Roses and then apply a Cupping Glass to the Stomach and a Cataplasm of Leaven pouder of Wormwood and Orange peels made up with juyce of Mints Apply also outwardly a Fomentation to the region of the Stomach a new Spunge dipt in Rose-water and Rose-vinegar or let the Spunge boyl in strong Vinegar and apply it hot to the Stomach Or make a Fomentation of the Decoction of the Roots of Snake-weed Plantan-leaves Purslain Mints Bramble-tops and Willow-tops and then anoint it with this Oyntment Take of Acacia Hypocistis grains of Sumach and Myrtles of each two drams Mastich and grains of Kermes of each one dram Oyl of Myrtles two ounces Wax as much as is sufficient make an Oyntment or apply this following Cataplasm Take of Quinces boyled in Rose water and Vinegar or Marmalate thereof well beaten three ounces the pouder of Mastich Grains of Kermes and Myrtle berries and Plantane-seed of each two drams with the Juyce of Mints or Quinces or Syrup of Wormwood make a Cataplasm Or Steep a Crust of Bread in Rose Vinegar and sprinkle it with this pouder following Take of red Roses and Pomegranate flowers and Coriander seeds prepared of each one dram and an half Mastich red Coral Sorrel seeds Spodium of each half a dram yellow Saunders one scruple mix them into a pouder Or Apply this following Emplaister Take of Mastich plaister one ounce the pouder of Myrtles and Bistort-Roots of each half a dram with the Oyl of Mastich make an Emplaister in the form of a Buckler If the Vomiting be very violent and bring a Feaver Symptomatical and the Body very full it is good somtimes to let blood to prevent inflamation which may bâ— in the internal parts by reason of the violent straining and this must be done warily and but a little least the strength be abated Moreover It is good to apply Cupping Glasses to the Back and Navel and to rub and bind the extream parts You may bind about the Neck Linnen Clothes dipt in Oxycrate to repel the humors putting of the hands into cold Water doth stay al kinds of vomiting And Last When other things avail not use Narcoticks which do very quickly stop al Evacuations In a Flegmatick Vomiting if it wil not be staid with the aforesaid Vomits give Pills of Hiera with Rhubarb and Agarick or other fit Purges Then come to strengtheners for the Stomach such as were prescribed for the Cure of Want of Appetite to which ad this following Take of Conserve of Roses and Comfry Roots of each one ounce confection of Hyacinth three drams the pouder of Diambra and Aromaticum Rosatum of each half a dram Troches of Spodium terra Sigillata and grana Kermes of each one scruple with syrup of Quinces make an Opiate The Spirit of Vitriol with Wormwood water or Juyce of Mints doth mightily stay Vomiting and Strengthen the Stomach Or One or two spoonfuls of Aqua Imperialis given after Vomiting if the Stomach be very Cold. Apply these things following outwardly Take of Wormwood Mints and Balm of each three handfuls boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Vinegar and Wine to the consumption of the third Part make a Fomentation for the stomach After apply the Plaister afore-mentioned or the Cataplasm of Quinces using the Pouder of Nutmegs and Cloves instead of Myrtles and Plantane Or Take of Wormwood and green Mints of each one pound a Toast dipt in Rose-water weighing half a pound the Pulp of Quinces or Marmalat of the same two ounces Mastich half an ounce Mace and Nutmegs of each two drams beat them all well together with Oyl of Quinces and make an Emplaister Or Make a Cataplasm of Quinces boyled in strong Vinegar and then beaten with a little Mustard-seed and Pouder of Cloves Or Apply a Toast dipped in strong Wine and Juyce of Mints and sprinckled with pouder of Nutmeg Cloves Frankinsence Mastich and Graines of Kermes Villanovanus much Commends sharp Leaven which he applieth to the Stomach twice or thrice being steept in strong Vinegar and juyce of Mints this doth most certainly stop Vomiting after convenient Evacuations and Revulsions In a long Vomiting where the Stomach is very Weak you must use strong Astringents made thus Take of the Roots of Snakeweed and Tormentil Pomegranate peels and flowers and Hypocistis of each two drams Leavs of Mints and dried Wormwood of each half an handful Sumach and Myrtle berries of each one dram red Roses one pugil Cinnamon Cloves and Mastich of each half an ounce green Galls and Cypress Nuts of each two drams boyl them in Iron water and Red Wine in which dissolve a little Musk for sweet things do much asswage Vomiting of which let the Patient take two ounces every morning and Foment his stomach with the same After the Fomentation apply some Plaister or Cataplasm made as aforesaid Chap. 8. Of Vomiting Blood THis Disease is a casting forth of Blood from the Stomach by the Mouth And as al other Bleeding it comes from the Veins either by Anastomosis or opening of them by Diapedesis or Rarefaction by Rixis breaking or by Diabrosis corroding which Diseases of the Veins were shewed in the Cure of Spetting of Blood called Haemoptysis The Causes also are the same And First the Conjunct Cause Excess of Blood in quantity or quality Blood offending in Quantity wil break or open the mouths of the Veins and so comes Rixis or Anastomosis which happeneth in ful bodies If it offend in Quality as when it is too hot or thin it may cause an Anastomosis because heat doth open the Orifices and thinness makes it flow easily through The same Qualities may Cause a Diapedesis for heat doth make thin the Tunicles of the Vessels and thinness Causeth the Blood to pass through their pores Lastly Sharpness gnaweth and Ulcerateth the Tunicles of the Veins and so produceth a
Diabrosis The Antecedent Causes are the same with the Conjunct but they differ in place for when blood offending either in Quantity or Quality doth immediately open the Veins it is called a Conjunct Cause and the same being contained in the Veins is called an Antecedent Cause The parts sending of which the chiefare the Head Liver Spleen and Womb are antecedent Causes Often times Blood is carried from the Head to the Stomach by the Pallat and Gullet or Oesophagus and also a violent Catarrh of sharp and Salt flegm doth corrode the Stomach and open the Veins thereof It is carried from the Liver and Spleen by the Veins that go to the Stomach from the Womb when blood by the stoppage of the Terms runs back and opens the Veins of the Stomach so that some Women have had their Terms by vomiting blood constantly at the time Vomiting of blood comes oftener from the Liver and Spleen than from other parts and from the Spleen than the Liver because it doth more consent with the Stomach For it is evident by Anatomy that the great branch of the Gate Vein or Porta goeth to the Spleen from which many Veins are sent to the Stomach both above and below and these are so great that being distended with wind or blood they are as thick as the middle finger this we have observed in Dissection Moreover the Vas breve being wide as in a natural state it doth continually send Melancholly into the Stomach so being in a Preternatural state it may send great plenty of blood But observe here that in this case that blood is voided by stool as well as vomit both because a part thereof which went to the Stomach is sent downwards and also because the Meseraick Veins are open and send blood into the Guts which by its long passage through the Guts groweth black and comes forth like Tar. The external Causes are all things that can wound or bruise as also great heat which causeth boyling of the blood hence it is that yong men to the age of thirty five are very subject to vomit blood and other bleeding as also great cold by too much astriction may endanger to break the Veins the same doth unseasonable Motion and Labor unusual Exercise great hallowing and the like which move the blood violently in the Veins And finally All the Causes of Blood-spitting afore mentioned For Blood being violently moved either in the Veins or Arteries whether from an external or an internal Cause goes soonest to that part which is weakest and most fit to receive it and therfore if the Stomach or the Veins going thither are so disposed there will be vomiting of Blood rather than any other way of bleeding The Diagnostick of this Disease lieth chiefly in the discovery of the part from which the blood comes If from the Stomach the scituation of the part and the constant pain and heaviness thereof will demonstrate and there is less blood for the Veins of the Stomach are smal and it comes with loathing and there is a biting when they swallow as also somtimes it comes forth mixed with Meat Flegm or Choller If it come from the Head there will be tickling about the Jaws and Pallat and some blood will be blown out of the Nose with Snot there went before it some Head-ach or heaviness which after bleeding ceaseth If from the Liver or Spleen there is more plenty of blood and somtimes a tumor or dolor in the part From the Liver the blood is red and frothy from the Spleen it is thick and black Also Blood from the Liver goes most downwards because it commonly goes from thence to the Guts through the Meseraicks and must ascend from them into the Stomach to cause Vomiting but it doth easier descend Contrarily that which comes from the Spleen is rather by vomit because the Veins from the Spleen to the Stomach are shorter and narrower Lastly If from the suppression of the Terms you may know it from the Woman and it wil come at those times which wil be more probable if there be no disease in any other part As for the Prognostick Vomiting of Blood of what cause soever is dangerous for it either threateneth death suddenly or if it stay in the Stomach and putrifie it breeds faintings swoonings and suffocations Vomiting of blood from suppression of the Terms is less dangerous than that from the Liver or Spleen for when they are brought down it is usually cured as Hippocrates taught Aph. 34. Sect. 5. in these words When a Woman vomiteth Blood if her courses breakdown she is cured And in this case only the opening of the inferior Veins doth provoke the Terms especially if she take somthing besides for that purpose They who after Vomiting of Blood fall into the Dropsie called Ascites do die thereof Dodonaeus doth testifie that he never knew any that escaped and Experience teacheth that a Dropsie from any kind of bleeding is deadly for it comes from a great dissipation of Natural heat which cannot be repaired For the Cure of this Disease use Medicines which revel the Blood from the Stomach and correct its distempers and the open Veins with astringents and glutinatives To which ad those things which concern the part chiefly affected from whence the Blood is sent into the Stomach according to the divers Nature and Disease of the part And because Diet is of chiefest concernment in this Disease let us shew some Rules therefore Let his Nourishment be commonly astringent and Emplastick and cold both actually and potentially as Barley Almonds Rice Panadoes Gellies and especially Starch made without Chalk and boyled in Milk which is good also in spitting of Blood to all these you may alwaies add some Pomegranates or Vinegar of Roses Also hard Eggs steeped in Vinegar are good Bread crums steeped in cold Water and Chicken Broth with Sorrel Purslam Plantane and unripe Grapes the feet and hips of Sheep Kids and Calves boyled to a Jelly for the first course let him take that which is a stringent as a Quince or sowr Apple or Pear roasted in the embers Marmalat of Quinces or Jelly of sharp Cherries Medlers or Services Let him abstain from all sharp salt peppered and fried Meats as also from things that breed much Blood except he grow weak and then you may give him them sparingly He must be but little nourished for the less Blood is bred the Disease will be the less and the empty parts by their attraction will stay the flux Let him drink little only a little Iron Water with a little Juyce of Pomegranates He must drink no Wine except it be thick and sharp which we call Tortium and it must be when there is no Feaver Let the Air be cool without Wind Sun or Moon shine let him sleep little and not in the day for although all fluxes are said to be stopped by sleep yet this by long keeping the heat in the Center may be encreased Let his Belly be loose
like Quittor which comes only from the distemper of the part and the depravation of the Homiosis or quality by which it makes Nourishment like it self The same befals men in Asthma or Ptisick and other Diseases of the Lungs for their Lungs being distempered do il concoct their own Nourishment but turn it into an Excrement like Quittor which is expelled by coughing and yet they have no Ulcer in their Lungs as many learned Physitians wil conclude when they see the Matter The External Causes of a Dysentery are al things that produce sharp and evil Humors or give them being produced a disposition to cause a Dysentery The Principal are sharp Meats or very subject to putrefaction as Fruits soon rotten and al unripe things Waters that are drunk ordinarily wherein there is Crudity or a Mineral and Medicines which are deadly qualified and evil Air as Hipp. Aph. 11. Sect. 3. when the Winter is too cold or dry the Spring too wet and too full of South winds then there wil be Dysenteries in the Summer And Aph. 12. Sect. 3. If the South wind blow much in Winter and it rain much but if it be dry and the North wind blow much in the Spring those seasons produce Dysenteries But the proper Distemper of the Air to produce a Dysentery is known in a contagious or Epidemical Dysentery which somtimes is more dangerous then others As also there is an Infection in the Excrements of those that have this Disease to them that smel them and if thâ—y be cast into the Privy they infect most of the Family that sit over them The Signs of a Dysentery are taken out of the Definition mentioned an often bloody Evacuation with pain and torments of the Belly and somtimes a Feaver watching thirst loathing of Meat and other Signs common to many Diseases But it is hard to know whether the thick or thin Guts are ulcerated Usually if the pain be above the Navil they say it is in the thin Guts and if below in the thick but this is contrary to reason because both the thin and thick Guts are carried both to the superior and inferior parts Therefore this sign is rather to be taken from the quality of the pain and the excrements For if the thin Guts are affected there is vehement pain like pins pricking because they are more Membranous and of more exquisite sence As also they go not to stool presently after the pain and there is blood in every stool for because the Blood and purulent Matter comes far before it be voided it is more mixed with the Dung but if the thick Guts are affected the pain is less vehement and lasting there is presently after a going to stool the Blood and Matter swim upon the excrement or are very little mixed and in a great Ulceration there are as it were little pieces of flesh The Signs of the Causes are taken especially from the Colour of the Excrements when they are yellow green white or black to which you may ad the Signs of Humors abounding from the Age Temperament time of the yeer and course of Life The Prognostick is thus made If the Thin Guts are Ulcerated there is more danger for they are more Nervous and being neerer the Liver they receive more pure Choller Dysenteries coming from black Choller or Melancholly are deadly Hippocrates aph 24. sect 4. because the Ulcer grows Cancerous which is seldom Cured outwardly in the body But if this Melancholly comes by Crisis of Judgement it is not so dangerous But you must beware least you take Congealed blood for Melancholly A Dysentery from Choller or sharp Diet is easily Cured from salt Flegm it is worse than from Choller because by reason of the Clamminess it stayes longer in the Guts to ulcerate In long Diseases of the Guts Loathing of Meat is evil and worse with a Feaver Hippocrates Aph. 3. Sect. 6. If in a Dysentery there be as it were little pieces of Flesh voided it is deadly Aphor. 26. Sect. 4. for it signifieth a deep Ulcer which takes away pieces of the guts Much Watching Stools without mixture of Humors black stinking much blood a Lientery coming after Hickets Chollerick Vomits pain of the Liver Midriff great thirst do commonly declare that it is deadly A Dysentery coming to those which have the Gout or a Disease in the Spleen is good Hippocrates 2. progn aph 46. sect 6. but this is rather a simple Diarrhoea which sends forth the matter of those Diseases Old Men and Children more commonly in this Disease than Men of middle Age Hipp. 2. progn Children because of their tenderness and their not observing rules Old Men because their strength is spent and because there is a great overthrow of their natural state thereby for they do not easily produce excrements that are fit to cause a Dysentery The Cure of this Disease is wrought by Medicines that asswage clense and evacuate sharp humors that Consolidate and dry Ulcers and stop the flux At first you must evacuate the Humor offending least it do more mischief and you must Purge often and it you think it not safe to purge every day or every other day do it every third or fourth day Rhubarb is the best for purpose either given in substance with Broth or made into a Potion as in Diarrhoea Or thus Take of Plantane half an handful Liquoris scraped and whole Raisons of each three drams Red Roses one pugil Tamarinds six drams yellow Myrobalans rub'd with Oyl of sweet Almonds two drams boyl them to three ounces Dissolve in the straining of Rhubarb infused with Lavender in Plantane Water one dram Syrup of Quinces one ounce Make a Potion Or Take of Tamarinds half an ounce Citron Myrobalans two drams boyl them in Barley and Plantane Water infuse in the straining of Rhubarb one dram and an half yellow Saunders half a scruple to four ounces of the straining ad one ounce of the syrup of Roses solutive make a Potion The Decoction of Myrobalans made thus and given in many Draughts is Commended of many Take of the rinds of Myrobalans Chebs ten drams Citron Myrobalans five drams Currans two ounces boyl them in twenty six Pints of Water to the Consumption of the third part strain them and adde ten drams of Sugar clarifie it and put to it half an ounce of Cinnamon Penotus Commends the following Potion as good against both Dysentery and Diarrhoea Take of the Bark of Guajacum beaten two ounces boyl them to halfs in a sufficient quantity of Water adding of red Roses Pomegranate Flowers and Plantane of each two drams boyl them for an hour and then adde to the straining of poudered Rhubarb one dram Diacatholicon three drams make a Potion Many give Parched or Torrified Rhubarb that the Purging Quality may partly be taken away But Amatus Lusitanus takes the second Infusion of Rhubarb and saith That in the first Infusion al his sharpness is taken away and it is better so than Parched
with it and so it wil be stronger Also Spring Water made sharp with some few drops of the Spirit of Virriol or Sulphur is of no less force For sharp things do properly kill VVorms and the Water is to be made more or less sharp according to the age of the Party The Decoction of Dog-tooth with Coriander seed prepared is used vulgarly for ordinary drink mixed with Syrup of Lemons or of pomegranats Or you may put Sugar and a little Vinegar in the Decoction While the aforesaid Remedies are used you must give Clysters often the whol time of the Disease first made of sweet things to attract and draw down the VVorms as at first we said which may be made not only of a Decoction of Liquoris Raisons and Figs but also of Chicken-broth and Sugar and Honey of Roses or of Milk if there be no Feaver otherwise it wil be easily Corrupted But if we conjecture that the VVorms are already in the thick Guts because then they can scarcely ascend into thin Guts you may give Clysters to kil them made thus Take of Dog-Tooth Roots one ounce Beets Mallows Pot Mercury and Purslain of each half an handful Coralline one pugil Coriander seeds prepared and Wormseed of each two drams boyl them in a Quart of Water in one Pint of the straining dissolve two ounces of Oyl of Roses Cassia newly drawn six drams Hiera Picra two drams Honey of Violets one ounce make a Clyster If you wil have stronger Take of Gentian Roots one ounce common Wormwood and Southernwood of each one handful the lesser Centaury half an handful Lupâ—nes half an ounce Wormseed two drams make a Decoction In as much of the straining as you think fit dissolve the Oyl of Wormwood one ounce and an half Salt one dram and an half â—â—ake a Clyster which must be repeated and in the last that the Worms may be brough forth after they are killed dâ—ssolve of Benedicta Laxativa and Hiera Picra of each three dramâ— or half an ounce If there be a Flux of the Belly give this following Clyster Take of Tormenâ—l Roots and of Round Buth-wort of each one ounce and and an half Pomegranate Peels and Myrcha ans of each one ounce Pease a smal handful Myrtle berries one dram Red Roses one pugil make a Decoction and dissolve in the straining of Oyl of Mints or of Wormwood one ounce make a Cryster Outwardly may divers Topicks be applied not only those that were mentioned but these following Take of Gentian Roots one ounce Birth-wort Roots six drams Orange Peels one ounce Coloquintida one dram burnt Harts-horn two drams Saffron half a dram make a Pouder which mix with Oyl of Wormwood or Bitter Almonds and with a little Wax make an Vnguent Also common Oyl boyled with the Pulp of Coloquintida is powerful Also Oyl of Wormwood and St. Johns-wort must be applied to the whol Belly morning and evening Take of Oyl of Wormwood Mints and bitter Almonds of each half an ounce the Juyce of Wormwood and Rue of each two ounces Tormentil white Dittany and Zedoary of each half a dram Ox Gall three drams Aloes one scruple Pouder them and with a little Wax make an Oynment Or Take of Coloquintida six drams Pouder it and with an Ox Gall lay it to the Navel by which both the Worms are killed and the belly kept loose Take of Murrh seven drams Mast ch eight ounces Aloes eighteen ounces common Salt one pound bruise them all and Distil them by a Retort with a gentle Fire and great diligence first you will have a Water than an Oyl with which if you anoint the Navel of a Child all putrefaction will be clensed which is in the Mysentery Also you may make a Cataplasm thus Take of the meal of Lupines two ounces Myrrh and Aloes of each two drams Ox Gall as much as is sitting Oyl of Wormwood two ounces make a Cataplasm for the Belly If a Loosness hath Continued long apply this following Cataplasm Take of Oyl of Quinces and Wormwood of each one ounce the Juyce of Purslain extracted with Vinegar one ounce and an half Peaseflowr an ounce Lupine flowr half an ounce Red Coral and burnt Harts-horn of each three drams mix them together with as much Turpentine as wil make a Cataplasm A Cataplasm also made of only Hiera Picra is most powerful Somtimes you may use Fomentations when there is a great stretching and puffing up of the Belly Made thus Take of Wormwood Southernwood Tansie Scordium Mallows and Violets of each one handful beaten Lupines half an ounce Centaury one pugil boyl them in Vinegar and Water and Foment the whol Belly hot therewith very often Finally For Flat VVorms and Ascarides or Ars-Worms Clysters made of bitter things are good to which you may ad the Purging things aforesaid while the filth of which they breed be purged away Chap. 10 Of the Immoderate Flux of the Hoemorrhoids ALthough the moderate Flux of the Hoemorrhoids be healthful and preserveth a man from many and grievous Diseases as Hippocrates taught in epidemii and in his Aphorisms as from a Pleurisie Peripneumonia or Inflamation of the Lungs nephritis or the Stone in the Kidneys Madness Melancholly and innumerable other Yet the immoderate Flux is most dangerous and brings other pernicious Diseases as Weakness of the whol Body Coolness of the Bowels and especially of the Liver an Atrophy or want of nourishment an evil Habit and Dropsie by the loss of Natural Heat by spending too much Blood which is the treasure of Life and the cheerisher of the whol Body And this Immoderate Flux hath the same Causes which use to provoke other sorts of Bleeding namely Blood offending in Quantity or Quality when it offendeth in Quantity and is brought in great plenty to the Haemorrhoid Veins it doth violently dilate them and open their Orifices by the strength of the Expulsive Faculty but somtimes too much Blood coming thither doth oppress the Retentive Faculty Hence it comes that she being Defective in her duty there is a great Flux which must be restrained by art But while Blood off ends in Quality as sharpness it stirs up the Expulsive Faculty to cast forth by those Veins not only the unprofitable but profitable Blood the Blood Causing this Flux is made sharper by a mixture of Choller or sharp Water This immoderate Flux is known by the loss of Strength and a Sense of Weakness coming from a long Flux and loss of Blood As also from an evil yellowish colour of the whol Body as if it were the Jaundice If the Disease come from Quantity of Blood there went before Causes of increase of Blood and the Patient bears it wel in the beginning and is more cheerful but afterwards the Flux continuing he grows weak and dejected But if it comes from sharpness and thinness of the Blood there went before Causes that breed cholet or sharp Water the body is of a Chollerick Constitution and burnt the blood floweth
Liver be cooled nor can the thin vaporous Excrements be evacuated The Matter that Causeth the Obstructions commonly is a gross Excrement viscous and clammy which being not able to pass freely sticks in the passage and is more and more thickned by the heat of the part so that the longer Obstructions continue the worse they are Somtimes plenty of Humors cause an Obstruction as Galen sheweth 10. meth cap. 2. in there words Of Obstructions some come of abundance of Humors and some from the Quality as when they are gross or clammy Blood letting is the best Remedy against those which come from plenty and the use of attenuating things is best against those that come of Quality This Obstruction which comes from plenty of Humors happens chiefly in the Vessels and their cavities when being too full they are so distended that they cannot contract themselve for the sending forth of the Matter contained As we may observe by the Bladder when it is stretched ouâ— by long retention of too much Urin that it cannot contract it self from whence there comes a stoppage of Urin or difficulty of voiding thereof Not only Humors but also somtimes many gross Vapors which cannot easily be discussed because the way is not open as in the Chollick may be the Cause of Obstruction as Galen teacheth 3. de loc aff which Causes are very rare and absolutely denyed of some The Humors which stoppeth with its thickness is chiefly Flegm which wil easily grow gross and clammy Melancholly is next which by its coldness thickness and drossiness may cause Obstructions Also Blood may do the same by its quantity and thickness And lastly Choller staying long in the Liver grows thick and breeds dangerous Obstructions The Antecedent and Princâ—pal Causes are al things that produce thick and clammy Humors and thick and cloudy Air Meats of gross Juyce viscous hard of Concoction and distribution astringent cold and not fit for to be eaten as Pears quinces Services Medlars Mushrooms Cheese Pulse Pease or Beans Beef and Pork slymy Fish and dryed in the smoak Bread not wel baked Rapes Chessnuts thick red and astringent Wine and muddy Ale Also an evil Disposition of the Liver especially a cold distemper which may also produce Obstructions from good Juyce as when it doth not wel Concoct but turns the meat into a salt tartarous and mucilagnous or slymy Matter Also the Distemper of the Stomach may be a Cause of Obstructions when it begets too crude a Chyle which cannot after be wel ordered by the Liver because the sault of the first Concoction is not amended by the second The Signs of this Disease are to be divided into divers sorts some signifie the kind of the Disease others the part affected and others the cause that produce it The Signs that shew the kind of the Disease are common to al natural parts that are subject to Obstructions for they shew only Obstructions lying in the lower Belly and these therefore wil serve for the knowledg of the Obstructions of the Spleen and Mesentery especially These Signs shew that there are Obstructions in the said parts The Excrements of the Belly being out of their natural condition especially when they are moist white chylous or bloody white Urine thin and watery and as it were strained because the thicker parts cannot pass through by reason of the Obstructions but only the pure water comes through unmixed and it may be yellow if there be heat Difficulty of Breathing especially when the Patient walketh fast or goes up a hill or pair of stairs because the parts obstructed do draw the Midriff down-wards and hinder its free motion the Face is pale there is leanness and dulness over the whol body the Pulse is unequal and lastly there is such a sense of weight in the Hypochondria as they who have been feeding very hard Therefore Hippocrates 4. de victus ratione in acut calls that heavines a fulness of the Hypochondria attributing that Disease to the Hypochondria which properly belongs to the Stomach for as often as the Spleen and Liver are filled with evil Humors and swel they are pressed and feel a heaviness after the least eating of the lightest meats as they who have over-gorged themselves This Sign doth so surely declare the Obstruction of the Hypochondria although there be neither pain nor apparent swelling that Prosper Martianus in his Comment upon the aforesaid Book of Hippocrates assirmeth That he hath concluded that the Bowels were obstructed before ever he handled the Hypochondria The stretching of the right Hypochondrion sheweth the part affected together with the other signs and somtimes pain that is heavy and dul which encreaseth after meat especially if exercise immediately follow somtimes a dry Cough difficulty of Breathing by reason of the neerness of the Diaphragma and a greater weight of that part than of any other The Signs of the Causes are if it come from Humors the pain is more heavy extending and fixed if from Wind it is sharper and more moveable if from cold Humors there is more sense of weight in the right side the Face is more pale there is no Feaver nor thirst there was a cold and thick diet without exercise that preceded if it comes from hot Humors there is less weight more thirst the Face is yellow by reason of Choller or red by reason of Blood there is a Feaver and a pricking pain somtimes and hot diet went before The Prognostick of this Disease is to be made thus A New Obstruction is easily taken away an Old hardly An Obstruction of the Liver except it be speedily and wholly taken away useth to bring many Evils namely Putrefaction of Humors Feavers Inflamations divers Fluxes of the Belly constant and vehement because the nourishment can pass to the parts the Chollick Jaundice Evil Habit of body Dropsie Scirrhus and other infinite Diseases so that Avicenna calls Obstructions the Mother of Diseases An Obstruction made by Humors is worse than that which comes of Wine That which comes of Crude and Flegmatick Humors or of Wind is somtimes cured by a Feaver because the Heat doth discuss the Flatus or Wind makes Flegm thin and more apt to flow The Cure of an Obstruction is to be begun with an universal Evacuation of the whol body by a Potion agreeable to the nature of the Disease Afterwards if there be signs of Plethory or sulness and if the body be not very thin you must draw blood out of the Liver Vein in the Right Arm. Then prescribe this Apozeme Take of Smallage Parsley and Fennel Roots infused a whol night in white Wine of each one ounce the Roots of the greater Celandine two ounces Fearn Roots Elicampane barks the Roots of Capars the inward bark of an Ash and Tamarisk of each half an ounce Wormix ood Agrimony Maiden-hair Germander the tops of Saint Johns-wort and the Lesser Centaury of each one handful Smallage Parsley annis and Fennel seeds of each half an onnce clean
take two or three drams every morning Or Take of the filings of Steel half a pound white Wine one Pint and an half mix them in a Glass set it to the fire let be boyled gently stirring it up and down till a scum arise then take the frothy and fat part of the Steel which is separated by the heat and put it with Wine into another Glass do thus four times adding fresh Wine heating and separating them set it on a gentle fire till it be hot and grow thick as Honey keep it for your use which is this Take of Steel so prepared six drams Parsley and Carrot seeds the species of Diacurcuma and Diarrhodon Abbatis of each one dram Cinnamon half a dram with clarified Honey make an Opiate of which take three drams or half an ounce every morning Or Take of Steel prepared with Brimstone one ounce the best Senna Rhubarb and Agarick of each two drams Diarrhodon Abbatis one dram Saffron one scruple with syrup of Roses solutive make an Opiate of which let him take two drams every morning for fifteen dayes three hours after meat Pills of Steel are as good as the rest and they may be made thus Take of Steel prepared with Brimstone half an ounce the best Aloes Senna Agarick and Rhubarb of each one dram Diarrhodon Abbatis half a dram Saffron half a scruple with syrup of Roses solutive make a mass of Pills of one dram whereof make six guilded Pills which give in the morning for fifteen dayes three hours afore meat To these Pills you may ad according to the kind of the Disease and the Patients occasion of Gum Ammoniack Sagapenum Opopanax Myrrh Gentian Birth-wort Mastich Nutmeg and the like In all Medicines made of Steel this is alwayes to be observed That Exercise be used after them as Walking to make the strength of the Medicine to go into the parts obstructed This Walking must befor two hours after after which give a little Broth in which opening Herbs and Roots have been boyled Besides al these Remedies the Chymists commend Mercurial Purges of Mercurius dulcis especially given with ordinary Pills or Extracts because Mercury doth violently penetrate and open Obstructions The Bezoard Mineral is very much commended and given with Mercurius dulcis You may give it thus made Take of Bezoard mineral twelve grains Mercurius dulcis six grains conserve of Roses one or two drams make a Bolus which must be given many dayes If there be an Obstruction of the Liver in a Chollerick body with a hot and dry distemper of the part then must you give cooling or temperate Openers which shal be shewed in the Cure of Flatus Hypochondriacus mentioned among the Diseases of the Spleen For his ordinary drink let him take Water and smal Wine wherein Steel hath been infused Or a weak Decoction of Tamarisk Agrimony Ceterach Maiden-hair Burnet all or some with Wine Some commend the Infusion of the Wood against the Stone called Lignum Nephriticum for ordinary drink Others the Decoction of Eglentine or Sweet-bryer which opens very powerfully and strengtheneth and they say that many have been Cured of desparate Diseases by that alone But the Infusion of the filings of Steel made in white Wine or thin red Wine doth open better mixed with the aforesaid Waters or with ordinary Water for by this Medicine alone many Virgins have been Cured of the Green Sickness and this Wine wil work better if they take every morning two ounces of cleer Wine besides the ordinary drink Chap. 4. Of the Jaundice THe Jaundice is a yellow color of the whol Body coming of Choller spread over all the Skin It is therefore a Symptome of the Quality changed And now presently that vulgar difficulty which is controverted by almost all Writers offers it self namely That the yellow color in the Cornea doth immediately hurt the Sight making all objects appear yellow To which that I may answer in a word without circumstances I say That it is a disease in the encrease of Number for since the Cornea ought to be void of all color that it may let the Species of Objects pass through pure and unchanged if it have any preâ—ernatural color it hath a Disease in the encrease of Number that is more than what is necessary to the Natural Constitution thereof Authors do make two sorts of Jaundice Yellow and Black The Black proceeds from the Spleen and is very rare therefore here treating only of the Diseases of the Liver we will speak only of the Yellow Jaundice The spreading of Choller upon the Skin comes from many Causes which may be reduced to three Heads namely An Evil Disposition of the Liver An Obstruction of the Bag that contains the Gall And the malignity of the Chollerick Humor The Evil Disposition of the Liver is divers as Dstemper Inflamation Obstruction Schirrus and whatsoever may so weaken the part that Excrementitious Choller cannot be separated from the Blood but is with it distributed through the whol Body The Obstruction of the Bag or Cystis which contains the Gall hinders the passage of it into the Guts whereby it remains in the Liver and goes from thence with the Blood into the whol Body This Obstruction is either from gross Flegm or Choller abounding somtimes from little stones which are often bred in the Bag of Gall which may also be made narrow in the Passage by the compression of some part nigh unto it which is inflamed or schirrous The Evil of the Chollerick Humor consists either in the great quantity thereof which cannot be regulated by Nature nor be separated from the Mass of Blood or which so filleth the Bag of the Gall that it cannot contract it self to expel it or it consists in an evil quality which by corrupting of the Humors doth hinder their due Evacuation or stirs up Nature suddenly to cast it forth as you may observe in a Critical or Symptomatical Jaundice This Corruption happens in continual Chollerick Feavers as also after Poyson is taken or from the biting of some venemous Creature by which the whol Blood is turned into Choller The Signs of the Yellow Jaundice are manifest namely a yellow color through the whol Body especially in the white of the Eyes Also an itching and laziness bitterness of the Tongue somtimes Chollerick Vomitings and Hiccoughs The Signs of the Causes are to be taken from their proper Fountains for if the distemper of the Liver be hot this Disease comes from Inflamation Obstruction Schirrus or the like the knowledg of which is to be taken from their proper Chapters These things properly shew the Obstruction of the Bag of the Gall white Excrements and a Belly bound through the want of Choller which useth to make the Excrements yellow or red and to stir up the Expulsive Faculty of the Guts like a Clyster The Urine is very yellow inclining to red and if you put a Linnen clout therein it will dye it yellow If it come from the malignity
of the Chollerick Humor the Excrements of the Belly are high colored and also the Urine especially if it follow a putrid Feaver when the Jaundice is a Symptome and then after the coming of the Jaundice the Feaver remains but if it be critical the Feaver ceaseth and the Excrements with the Urine are wel colored The External Causes as Poyson and venemous bitings may be declared by the Patient and those about him The Prognostick of the Jaundice is various according to the variety of Causes That is more Curable which comes from the Obstruction of the Bag containing the Gall because its passages are neerer the Guts and the Matter cleaving thereto is easily sent into them provided that the Obstruction come not from a stone which because it cannot be dissolved renders the Disease incurable The Jaundice coming from an Inflamation or Schirrus of the Liver is most dangerous for one commonly ends in an Imposthume the other in a Dropsie They who in a Feaver have the Jaundice before the seventh day are desperate Hipp. Aph. 62. Sect. 4. against which Aphorism there is another of Hippocrates opposed which is in 4. de victus ratione in acutis in these words In a Chollerick Feaver if the Jaundice come before the seventh day with chillness the Disease is cured but if it come without chillness it is deadly There is Reason for what he saith for when in the third fourth and fifth day the Crisis or ground of Judgment is healthful if it be by Sweat Urine or Stool why should not a Critical Jaundice fall upon those daies And Experience from many allowed Authors doth testifie that the Jaundice doth often happen with safety before the seventh day Now these Authors do interpret the aforesaid Aphorism thus namely That Hippocrates by the seventh day understands any Critical day and he mentioneth the seventh as the most noble day and to be taken for all the rest But that is a true Critical Day of Judgment afore which a ful Concoction of the Matter causing the Feaver did appear The Cure of the Jauudice is by taking away of the Causes For if it come from a hot distemper of the Liver or a Tumor in that part you must consult with the Chapters afore mentioned for the Cure of them But that which comes upon acute Feavers if it be Critical needs no Cure Yet if it be Symptomatical the Cure of it depends upon the Cure of the Disease upon which it depends That which comes from the Obstruction of the Cystis or Bag of the Gall is cured by taking away of the Obstruction which may be conveniently done by the Remedies mentioned in the former Chapter To which we may add these as more proper First take away part of the Humor with this following Bolus Take of the Electuary of the Juyce of Roses and Diaprunis solutive of each three drams the pouder of Rhubarb one dram Saffron half a scruple With Sugar make a Bolus which you may give once or twice if the Body be of a very ill habit As for Phlebotomy though Galen denyeth it as unprofitable yet if you perceive abundance of Blood it is very good to abate it After general Medicines this following Infusion used six or seven daies doth commonly pluck this Disease up by the Roots if it be but yong Take of Madder Roots half an ounce the greater Celandine one handful the tops of Sea Wormwood and of the lesser Centaury of each one pugil Cinnamon half a dram Saffron half a scruple Infuse them a whol night in eight ounces of white Wine and add to the straining half an ounce of white Sugar Let him take it in the morning three hours before dinner Or you may make this Decoction following Take of Celandine Roots and Leaves one handful the Leaves and Flowers of St. Johns wort of each half a handful the shavings of Ivory and poudered Goose dung of each three drams Saffron half a dram Put the Pouder of Goose dung and the Saffron in a clout and boyl them all in equal parts of white Wine and Wormwood Water to one pint and when it is strained add one ounce of Sugar Give it for three morning draughts and repeat it if you think sit Quercetan commends for this purpose the Dung of a green Goose that eats Grass in the Spring and the dried white Dung of an Hen given or divers daies to the quantity of half a dram or a dram and he saith that the Dung of these Aerial Creatures is full of Nitre and Sulphur and hath a wonderful Faculty to cut attenuate and dissolve Dioscorides commends the Juyce of Horehound for this Disease and since his time others and especially Forestus who reports that some were only cured by the use of the Syrup of the Juyce of Horehound when other means failed Gesner commends the Nettle Root thus prepared Take of Nettle Roots one pound Saffron one scruple beat them wel and take out their Juyce with white Wine and let the Patient take four ounces every morning for four or five daies and cover himself to sweat after it While inward Medicines are given let the Region of the Liver be anointed with this following Oyntment Take of the Juyce of Smallage Parsley and Succory of each one ounce white Wine Vinegar half an ounce the Oyl of Tamarisk two ounces boyl them til the Juyces and Vinegar be consumed then add of yellow Sanders and Spicknard of each one dram Wax as much as will make a Liniment After the Obstructions are taken away the yellow colour will presently vanish by the strength of Natural Heat which will discusse the Humor from the Skin But that it may sooner be gone make a Bath of warm VVater and rub the Body therein with a Bag of Earley and Bean Meal Chap. 5. Of the Scirrhus of the Liver THe Scirrhus of the Liver is a hard Tumor without pain bred of a thick Humor fastened and hardened upon the Liver This Scirrhus is Two-fold either it is Exquisite or Perfect or Imperfect That which is a perfect Scirrhus is laid down in the Definition propounded which is without Pain or Sence That which is not exquisite or perfect hath some kind of pain and comes from a Matter less hardened in a word it is a Scirrhus beginning and not confirmed but that which is exquisite is confirmed so that they only differ in Degrees A Scirrhus breeds in the Liver two waies either from Defluxion or Congestion of a thick and glutinous Humor upon the part or from Inflamation which dissolveth the thin Humors and leaveth the thick The Matter of the former is Flegm or Melancholly either sent from other parts or bred in the substance of the Liver by an evil Concoction For the producing of this Humor evil diet is a main cause if it be of thick cold and viscous or clammy Nourishment as also a Flegmatick or Melanchollick Constitution and a Natural straightness of the Liver From whence Galen saith 13. Meth. That a
Scirrhus easily breedeth in the Liver Spleen and Reins In the Liver because the Passages are narrow and it is nourished with thick blood in the Spleen because it receiveth the thick blood and lastly in the Reins because they are nourished with thick blood The Causes of the latter Scirrhus which followeth other Humors is the immoderate use of discussing Medicines or of Repercussives which by cooling and binding do thicken the Matter and keep it from dissolving Besides the Matter of the Disease which is properly cold and thick and will not be dissolved or the weakness of the part which cannot help the breathing forth of the Humors And lastly a cooling and thickening Diet. The signs of a Scirrhus in the Liver are a hardness in the right Hypochondrion and that more than in an Obstruction next a heaviness in that part especially when there is violent breathing no Feaver nor pain by which it is distinguished from an Inflamation or there is but little pain as when the Schirrus is not exquisite or perfect There is less repose upon the left side because the Liver being hard and heavy doth then lie upon the Stomach and burden it the color of the Face is pale and and greenish because when the Liver is Schirrus there is no good Blood produced by it The whoI Body also is fallen away because there is neither Sanguification nor distribution of Nourishment as it ought to be The Prognostick of this Disease is given by Galen 2. ad Glaucum cap. 4. in these words An insensible Scirrus is incurable but that which is a little sensible is curable though with much difficulty Also Galen cap. 5. of the same Book saith We have cured a Schirrus of the Liver often in the beginning of it but when it hath been of long continuance neither could I nor any other that I ever heard of cure it An old inveterate Scirrhus turns to a Dropsie incurable of which some die sooner than others if they have a loosness of the Belly therewith of long continuance A Scirrhus which followeth the Jaundice or causeth the same is dangerous Whence Hippocrates Aph. 42. Sect. 6. saith that if the Liver grow hard in them who have the Jaundice it is an evil sign The Cure of a Scirrhus is first by the taking away of the Antecedent Cause by the Apozem which is prescribed in the Obstruction of the Liver To which you may add other Medicines proper to open Obstructions Afterwards you must discuss the hard Matter with mollifying and opening things For this end the Steel Pills above mentioned are excellent especially if you add thereto Bdellium Ammoniacum and Sagapenum But if the hardness be very great you must give these Pills following many daies together Take of Gum Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar and strained and again made thick two drams Bdellium and Storax of each four scruples mix them Take one dram every other day And in the daies between let him use the Opiate or strengthening and opening Lozenges prescribed in the Cure of Obstructions These following Pills have a wonderful Vertue to soften a Scirrhus and dissolve it Take of the best Aloes and Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar strained and again made thick of each half an ounce Mercurius dulcis two drams Diagridium one dram With Oxymel of Squils make a Mass of Pills of which let him take half a dram four hours before Dinner for twenty or thirty daies together Zacutus Lusitanus Obs 41. Lib. 1. Praxis Admir reports that there was a strong Scirrhus cured by the use of Conserve of Horehound forty daies together Some Practitioners commend the use of Turpentine thus prepared Take of Turpentine washed with white Wine one ounce and an half Sugar half an ounce Give one dram every day or every other day for it is an opening Medicine that provoketh Vrine and looseneth the Belly All the time of Cure let the Patient take white Wine or thin Claret steeled for his ordinary Drink Also the other Preparations of Steel before mentioned are very good Outwardly you must apply Fomentations Oyntments and Plaisters thus made Take of Marsh-mallow Roots Briony and Lilly Roots of each one ounce Mallows Violeâ—â— Pellitory of the Wall Wormwood and Agrimony of each one handful Linseed Foenugreek and Dill seed of each half a dram Chamomel Melilot and Rose flowers of each one pugil boyl them in three parts of Water and one of white Wine or in Water and Vinegar With the straining let the Region of the Liver be fomented every morning and evening If the Scirrhus be very great add to the Decoction Flowerdeluce wild Cucumers and Dwarf-Elder Roots and make the Decoction in Tripe Broth and white Wine Take of Oyl of Lillies Chamomel Melilot and sweet Almonds of each one ounce Oyl of Roses and Wormwood of each half an ounce Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar three drams Wax two drams make a Liniment with which anoint the part aforesaid after the Fomentation If you desire a stronger Liniment Take of the Juyce of Briony and wild Cucumer of each two ounces the Oyl of Capars and Tamarisk of each three ounces white Wine one ounce boyl them till the Juyce and the Wine be consumed then add two drams of Wormwood in pouder Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar half an ounce with a little Wax make a Liniment Take of the Emplaister de Mucilaginibus one ounce Melilot half an ounce Gum Ammoniack melted in the Juyce of Wormwood three drams soften them with a little Oyl of Wormwood 〈◊〉 Lillies and make a Plaister to be laid on after the Liniment The Leaves of Henbane boyled in Vinegar are good to be outwardly applied to the part made â—â— to the form of a Cataplasm or Pultiss with Oyl of bitter Almonds To these you may add Baths made of softening and digesting things and of strengtheners such as we prescribed for Fomentations and let the Patient use them by turns And finally Make an Issue in the right Leg that part of the Matter offending may be that way drawn forth Chap. 6. Of the Dropsie HIppocrates makes two kinds of Dropsies namely An Universal and a Particular An Universal Dropsie is that which is in the whol Body or over the whol Belly a Particular is that which is only in one part hence there is the Dropsie of the Head Breast and Womb of which here we shall not speak but only of the Universal Galen gives three kinds of this Universal Dropsie namely Ascites Tympanites and Anasarca or Leucophlegmasia Ascites is a swelling of the Belly caused of a serous Humor nor doth the Belly only swell but many times the Feet Legs Thighs and Cods Nay an Ascites somtimes begins with a swelling in the Feet which ascends after to the Legs and so to the Thighs and Belly This serous Humor as it is of the Nature of Water it is cold but as it is salt it hath in it heat which then is encreased by the neerness of the Bowels and more by
the putrefaction which it gathereth by long continuance hence comes a Feaver and Thirst namely from the stinking salt vapors which do infect the mouth of the Stomach It falls out somtimes that this Watery Humor is not contained in the Cavity of the Belly but in certain Bladders growing to the parts of the lower Belly An Example whereof is given by Schenkius Lib. 3. Observation and Mauritius Cordaeus Com. 5. in Hipp. Lib. 1. of Diseases in Women Galen supposed and almost all Physitians new and old have followed him that every Dropsie comes of a cold Liver which cannot Sanguisie or make Blood compleatly but instead thereof much Water Flegm or Wind. Which Opinion as it is most true in Anasarca and approved so in Ascites and Tympanites it is much questioned by many Modern Writers because in the opening of many that died of Dropsies the Liver hath been sound very sound as is manisest by many relations in those Authors mentioned Moreover Hippocrates 2. Prorrhet wittily affirms that a Dropsie may come either from the Liver or from some empty part by an empty part he meaneth all that space from the Ribs to the Guts and the parts contemed in it Also Hipp. 4. de morb Mulierum mentions a Dropsie coming from the Spleen To which places of Hippocrates they usually answer thus That the Liver is alwaies affected either primarily or secondarily so that there is never a Dropsie before there is a hinderance of Sanguification or breeding of Blood But two Reasons do strongly oppose this Doctrine The first is from the Experience before mentioned namely That if the Liver ought necessarily to suffer in the producing of a Dropsie it would never be found free and unknit in the Dissection of a dead Body The second is That if the Liver should breed watery Blood it would be sent into the whol Body as in Anasarca nor can a sufficient reason be given why that serous Humor bred in the Liver should be sent to the Belly and not to other parts As for the cold distemper of the Liver that is denied by Trallianus Avicenna and others who affirm that a Dropsie may arise from a hot distemper of the Liver and cannot be cured but by cooling means And this may be maintained by the Authority of Hippocrates in 2. Progn A Dropsie saith he coming after an acute disease is evil for it doth not take away the Feaver If therefore a Dropsie may come while the Feaver is it is cleer that there is still a hot distemper Neither could that ever please me which is usually spoken by Galens Servants That the Native heat is dissolved by a hot distemper and much diminished and that diminished heat may be called cold For so in a Hectick Feaver and other constant Feavers in which the Natural Heat is much diminished we should alwaies blame a cold distemper and the Symptomes which follow should be impured to cold and not to heat From whence who doth not perceive that there would arise a great consusion in the searching into the Causes of Symptomes Among the late Writers Carotus Piso whom Sennertus followed hath dived most deep into the true Causes of Ascites which he affirms to come from a serous Matter contained in the Meat and Drink which by reason of some preternatural Cause is stayed too long in the Gate and Hollow Veins not sent into the Body as in a Natural state and condition it useth to be but into the capacity of the Abdomen This serous Humor is retained in the Veins from the whol Body by reason the attractive faculty of the Parts to which it should be carried is either hurt or hindered Now the chief parts which draw the serous Matter are the Liver and the Spleen For they attract the Chylous Matter in which the moisture of Meat and Drink is contained As also the Spleen draws Drink to its self pure and without mixture as Hippocrates taught and Experience confirms That they who drink much after Meat do presently avoid it by Urine which learned Authors say is by reason the Spleen sucks the watery Matter before there is a perfect Concoction made in the Stomach The Attraction or drawing quality of the Liver and Spleen is lost chiefly by defect and weakness of Natural Heat the Natural heat is debilitated by a cold or hot distemper or by Suffocation A cold distemper coming either from too cold a Diet from loss of too much Blood and Spirits or any other Cause doth destroy the Natural Heat of the Liver and Spleen and so hinder their Actions A hot Distemper doth disperse the Native Heat whence being made weaker the Liver and the Spleen become less Active This comes from Feavers much Wine or hot Meats Lastly The Natural Heat is weakned by Suffocation when there is too much Blood in the Veins especially if it be foul as when the Terms of Hemorrhoids are stopt by which the blood was clensed formerly but now by stoppage corrupted Also the Attraction or drawing vertue of those parts is hindered by Obstructions which hinder the free passage of the serous Matter So a Dropsie followeth a Scirrhus of the Liver and Spleen not only because those parts being weakened cannot produce good Blood but especially because they are not able to attract and send to other parts whatsoever is drunk Here it may be objected That in a Dropsie the whol Body is nourished by Blood bred in the Liver of a Chylous Matter which it draweth to it self We answer That the Liver doth better attract that which is most familiar unto its self and most sit to be made blood but it draweth to it less than is sufficient by reason of the weakness of the attractive faculty Hence it is that the Body grows lean because it draws some water along with the Chylus and leaves the rest in the Meseraick Veins and the Veins of the lower Belly which is by degrees carried into the Capacity of the Abdomen We do not deny that Sanguisication or making of Blood is hindered in a Dropsie especially when the distemper is very cold or very hot or the Obstruction or Scirrhus great for then there cannot be a perfect making of blood But we deny that that is the next and immediate Cause of a Dropsie but rather an effect thereof when the Water corrupted in the Abdomen doth also corrupt the Bowels that swim therein Next to the Liver and the Spleen the Reins do attract the watery Matter which is in the hollow Vein and free the whol body from the superfluity thereof so that if at any time they do not their office there remains much matter in the veins which being sent to the Abdomen do quickly make an Ascites now the attraction of the Veins may cease for divers Causes because of a Cold Distemper Tumors Ulcers and Obstructions which wil Diminish Abolish and intercept their Function Lastly The distribution of Water is hindered from some external Cause as when much cold Water is drunk
which Nature cannot govern nor sufficiently distribute into the Veins So Carolus Piso reports of a yong man that had a Tertian Ague and drinking Water exceedingly in his Fit fel into an Ascites from which by the taking of one Lozenge of Diacarthamum he was Cured by discharging the Water which was in the Abdomen but if he had continued drinking so much water any louger he had not been so easily Cured because it would have brought great obstructions and a cold distemper of the Bowels by reason of the loss of natural heat But it is questioned of many by what wayes that serous matter should be carried by the Veins into the Capacity of the Abdomen to whom we may plainly answer by saying from Hippocrates that in a living body al things are passing to and fro so that in time of necessity not only thin and serous Matter but also that which is very thick may be sent through the insensible passages So in a Pleurisie blood and matter wil pierce through the thick substance of the Pleura and Membrane which covers the Lungs and be spit forth at the mouth So in a Fracture of the Leg or Thigh which hapens without hurt to the Muscles and Skin the matter which floweth from the broken bone pierceth through the substance of the other parts and wets the boulsters and rowlers So also in a Dropsie often times a great quantity of Water is vented in one day by giving of Quicksilver which cannot be except the Water conteined in the Abdomen do pass through the Tunicles of the Guts Nor is the Objection of Fernelius of any force when he saith that Nature had in vain made so many open wayes if the Humors can pass through those invisible passages For we Answer That in an ordinary and natural motion of Humors ordained for the nourishment of the whol body those passages are necessary through which they may easily flow but in an extraordinary case provident Nature doth find out extraordinary wayes by which she may cast out hurtful Matter or at least send it to a place less dangerous Fernelius Objects again That in them who have died by a stoppage of Urine for twenty dayes together it was never perceived that any Water went through those blind passages We Answer That Nature doth not alwayes work the same way in preternatural Causes nor send hurtful Humors to the same places but especially to those parts which are more disposed to receive them through weakness So in the Suppression or Stoppage of Urine the Serous Humor flowes openly through the Veins and Arteries and fils them and if it find any part weaker than the rest it falls forceably upon it hence it is that some die of the hurt of one or other remarkable part So nothing hinders if the parts of the Abdomen in which the Veins and Arteries end be grown weak but that the Watery Humor may be sent into its capacity or hollowness Nor is that true which Fernelius would infer namely That a Dropsie never comes from suppression of Urine for Reason and Experience teacheth the contrary as we shewed afore in the Discourse of the Loss of Attraction in the Reins but you must observe that the Stoppage of the Urine doth make an increase of Water rather in the branches of the hollow Vein then of the Gate Vein or Vena Porta by which the watery Humor chiefly flows into the capacity of the Abdomen as appears by what followeth Therfore we may Answer this Question by saying That the water got into the hollow of the Abdomen by the insensible passages though there are also other manifest wayes by which it may pass Hippocrates Aph. 55. Sect. 7. hath shewed them for saith he they who have much Water about the Liver if it get into the Omentum or Kels their belly will be filled with Water and then they die The meaning of which Aphorism is though Galen did not plainly see it that the Water from the Liver doth flow into the Branches of the Vena Porta which go to the Omentum and when they are filled either by their Tunicles made thin by Diapedesis or Rarefaction or by the mouths of the Vessels being opened by Anastomosis the Water gets into the Cavity of the Abdomen This happens often in the Spleen also when it draws Water in abundance from the Stomach as appears by many sayings of Hippocrates and in lib. 4. de morbis he saith That Water may press from the Spleen to the Omentum or Kell in these words Drink is also carried into the Stomach with which when it is filled the Spleen takes it from thence and sends it to the Veins and the Omentum From which we may perceive That Water chiefly gets into the Abdomen by the Veins of the Omentum which are called Epiploicae and Gastrepiploicae although it may pass also through their Veins Besides the aforesaid Causes of a Dropsie which are more ordinary there are mentioned by Authors some less usual confirmed by Observation and these come from the disorder of some peculiar part not only of the Liver and Spleen but also of the Mesentery Sweet-bread Stomach Guts Reins Bladder and Womb namely when the Homiosis or faculty to convert nourishment into themselves is hurt from sâ—me great Disease so that their proper nourishment is corrupted and turned into Water So Galen Comment Aph. 55. Sect. 7. saith that watery Bladders are somtimes in the out-side of the Liver which being broken send Water downwards into the Cavity of the Abdomen the encrease whereof breeds a Dropsie Fernelius supposeth that the Liver being very dry hath clefts like the parched Earth and that through them there flows a constant Water which fills the Cavity of the Abdomen Others say that a Dropsie may come from the Guts if they be perforated or pierced through and yet the Patient dieth not presently but a watery Humor still flows through them into the Cavity It comes also from the Kidneys if they be much Ulcerated and water flow from them So Platerus reports of one that in a Dropsie had many Ulcers in both Kidneys from whence both matter and water flowed into the Cavity There is also a Story in Sennertus taken out of John Heinzius of a certain Woman who had a Dropsie from the distemper of the Womb whose Bowels were all sound except the Testicles or Stones which were found to be swollen as big as the Head of a new-born Child being blew hollow and full of Ulcers from which there came a serous Matter which caused the Dropsie The Dropsie called Tympanites hath its name from Tympanum a Drum because the Abdomen is stretched out like a Drum and if you strike it with your hand it sounds like it This stretching comes from wind shut up in the Cavity of the Abdomen But somtimes this wind is in the Cavity of the Guts which Platerus observed saying in some that have been thought to die of a Tympany after they were opened have
had no wind coming forth of the Cavity of the Belly neither did their Bellies but their Guts sink especially the thin Guts which were so stretched with wind that they came forth so rouled together that they could not be again thrust into the Belly But we must observe that the wind which causeth a Tympany is seldom contained in the Belly alone but for the most part mixed with Water as in an Ascites not only Water but Wind also is contained and both these Dropsies have their name of that which predominateth if there be more wind than water it is a Tympany but if more water than wind an Ascites but if they be equal it is between both â—o that we may doubt whether that Dropsie be a Tympany or an Ascites The Material Cause of Wind is a crude Humor and thick whether it be Flegm or Melancholly which being stirred and made thin by heat sends forth thick vapors which are hard to be dissolved and these are called Flatus This Crude and thick Humor is partly in the Stomach and Guts but especially between the Membranes of the Midriff and Guts from whence it is more hard to be moved than from the Cavity of the parts aforesaid The 11. Aph. Sect. 6. of Hippocrates makes this very probable They who have pains and gripings about the Navel and Loyns which cannot be removed have a dry Dropsie For because the Mesentery is joyned to the Guts by the fore part and to the Loyns by the hinder part we may easily perceive that the pains which reach from the Navil to the Loyns come from the Mesentery Besides The greatness of the pain shews that the Cause is deep in the substance of the part and cannot be removed For if it were in the Cavity of the Stomach and Guts it would easily be remedied Concerning the Efficient Cause Authors differ some say from a cold some from a hot distemper They which accuse a cold distemper think they have Galen on their side who saies that wind is bred of a weak heat To whom we answer That heat may be said to be weak in respect of the Matter which cannot be discussed or dissolved thereby But this is to be imputed to the Matter which is rather defective than the Heat which is commonly too great and Preternatural And we must acknowledg with the Learned That a burnt Melanchollick Humor is most fit to breed a Tympany which proceedeth from the parching heat of the Bowels which heat doth stir that Matter and produceth from it thick vapors that are hard to be dissolved The Dropsie called Anasarca comes of a Flegmatick Humor spread through the whol Body and therefore the Body is swoln and white from whence the Disease is called Leucophlegmatia This Flegm comes from a cold Liver which instead of good Blood produceth crude and flegmatick which when it cannot be turned into the substance of the parts leaveth the crude part that is unfit for Nourishment upon them and makes them swell hence comes Anasarca or Leucophlegmatia This Disease beginning is called Cachexia or an evil Habit and turns into Leucophlegmatia from which it differs but in degree The Antecedâ—nt Causes are all things that cool the Liver too much and hinder its Concoction as too much cold and moist Diet the stopping of the Terms or Hemorrhoids Obstructions cold Tumors Scirrhus and large bleeding and other great Evacuations by which the Native heat is diminished The Signs of a Dropsie and every sort of it may be known by what hath been said In an Ascites you may know that there is water in the Abdomen by its greatness lost Swelling and broad and if you press the sides you shall easily hear a noise of Water and when the Patient turns from one side to the other and then the whol Belly lieth as it were on that side then the Feet and Cods swell but the higher part grow less the Urine is little and thick somtimes red because there goes but little water to the Reins and Bladder and staies long there by which means it becomes red and thick In the progress or encrease of the Disease there is difficulty of Breathing by reason of the abundance of water which lieth upon the Diaphragma or Midriff especially when the Patient lieth down and therefore he is forced to stand or sit most usually There is a troublesom thirst from the saltness of the Humor with which the Stomach swimmeth And lastly there is a constant lingering Feaver from the corruption of the Water which at length doth corrupt all the Bowels swimming therein In a Tympany the Belly being strook sounds like a Drum the Bulk of the Belly is less burdensom than in an Ascites There were formerly pains about the Navel and Reins when the Patient lieth with his face upwards his Belly remains hard and stretched forth nor doth it turn aside when he turneth himself Lastly In an Anasarca not only the Belly Thighs and Leggs but also the Hands Arms Breast Face and whol Body swel and wheresoever you thrust your finger upon it it will pit and leave an impression The color of the Skin is pale and Earthy the Flesh soft and loose the Water thin and white breathing difficultly and somtimes a lingering Feaver As to the Prognostick Every Dropsie is dangerous and hard to be cured and the more hard by how much the elder but Anasarca is least dangerous but Ascites and Tympany are somtimes one more dangerous than another according to their Causes So if Ascites come from a Scirrhus of the Liver or Ulcer of some internal part it is more dangerous than a Tympany but if it come of drinking too much Water or new Obstructions it is less dangerous A Dropsie is more easily cured in Servants than in Free-men in Country men than in Noble men for they will be better constrained to abstain from Drink and the like and be more patient than they who have liberty A Dropsie from the hardness of the Spleen is less dangerous than from the hardness of the Liver because the Spleen is not so Noble a part A Dropsie coming upon an acute Disease is evil nor will it abate the Feaver but cause pain and death Hipp. 2. Prognost They whose Liver being full of water discharge it into the Omentum or Caul their Belly is filled with Water and they die Hipp. Aph. 55. Sect. 7. He who hath Water between the Skin or an Anasarca if that water which is in the Veins flows into the Belly the disease is cured Hipp. Aph. 14. Sect. 6. This Aphorism seems coutrary to the former But this contrariety is answered by saying that Hippocrates in the former by Belly understood the Cavity of the Abdomen but in this Belly its self for if the water flow through the Belly the Disease is at an end Which Opinion is more clearly explained by Hippocrates in Coacis in these words In the beginning of a Dropsie if there come a flux of the belly without
do commonly bring about the desired effect except Hypochondriack Melancholly rise from thence which useth to be called the shame of Physitians by reason of the rebellious Nature of the Melanchollick Humor But because this part hath not exquisite sence and the Obstructions do not alwaies greatly disturb the Patient they are often neglected and become the causes of other most dangerous diseases The Cure of this Disease is the same with that of the Obstruction of the Liver and you must fetch it from the Chapter treating thereof Chap. 2. Of the Inflamation of the Mesentery WHen the Mesentery as I said is as it were the sink into which the Noble Parts do send their superfluous Excrements which afterwards are sent forth by Nature either by Vomit or Stool as you may see in some who send abundance of Humors forth at divers times by Vomit and Stool if those Evacuations be hindered by stoppage of the waies by which they are made or by any other cause those Humors which are there detained staying long in the part do get a preternatural heat from whence come putrefactions inflamations divers Feavers and imposthumes But an Inflamation is peculiarly made when blood heaped up in the Meseraick Veins by the opening of some branch is sent into the substance of the Mesentery but because by reason of Obstructions it is chiefly gathered in those Veins therefore all the causes of Obstructions may be referred to the Causes of Inflamation For the making of this Inflamation that sharpness and gnawing of the Humors gathered together do much conduce a fall or stroak upon the Belly the weakness of the attractive concoction or retentive faculty of the Liver too much heat of the body or inordinate use of cooling things the critical motion of Nature in malignant Diseases or smal Pox by which it sends the peccant Humors into this sink a Diarrhoea or Dysentery suddenly stopped The signs of the Inflamation of the Mesentery are a lingering Feaver without Thirst and great Symptomes want of Appetite a sence of stretching and heaviness beneath the Stomach without great hardness and which is not felt but by the hand pressing of it and without pain worth the speaking of because the part is of dull sence Chollerick stools which commonly hath thin matter without pain somtimes pure somtimes mixed with Excrements If the Mesentery be only inflamed all the aforesaid Symptomes are milder But if the Liver or Spleen or Guts are also inflamed all the Symptomes are stronger And besides the signs of the aforesaid parts affected will appear which are to be taken out of their proper Chapters And because the Inflamation and Imposthume of this part are very hard to be known if they be alone by reason of the dull sence of the part and because it performeth no action in the body whose hinderance may be perceived but only serveth for the distribution of the Chylus and the Blood therefore they are rather to be discovered by consequence than directly and according to artificial conjecture namely when there is a Feaver and other Symptomes and no sign of the Liver Spleen or Guts distempered A half Tertian Ague sheweth that the Guts are inflamed with the Mesentery which Spigelius observed to come commonly from the Inflamation of these parts Also this Difease is distinguished from the inflamation of the Muscles of the Belly because the Tumor and pain is enlarged according to their proportion and they are commonly long or over the whol belly and more in the outward parts so that they are perceived by the least touch and they use to bring great pain and a Feaver Lastly This Disease is to be distinguished from the Humors of the Midriff which have been as yet known to few Physitians for in them there is alwaies great difficulty of breathing removing of the Hypochondria a Pulse hard and smal without any sence of Tumor in the Hypochondria And if the Tumor come of a hot cause a sharp Feaver great pain doting and Convulsions do follow which Symptomes never happen when the Mesentery is only inflamed As for the Prognostick This Disease is very dangerous for it either ends in an imposthume or there follows a rottenness and corruption of the Mesentery Oftentimes the Matter of the Disease is sent by Nature another way and yet is not clean taken away whence the Disease returns and continues for many yeers somtimes till death now with a Feaver then a Chollick or Inflamation The Cure of the Inflamation of the Mesentery is not unlike to that of the Liver and Spleen and therefore you must peruse that Chap. 3. Of the Imposthume Vlcer and Scirrhus of the Mesentery THe Inflamation of the Mesentery often turneth into an Imposthume yet every Imposthume thereof is not from Inflamation but many times from vitious Humors therein contained which putrefie so that these Imposthumes come by degrees without a Feaver afore going or other great Symptomes as we see in other parts when Atheromata Steatomata and Melicerides and other kinds of Imposthumes are bred without Inflamation going before And when they are broken the Matter being voided there remains an Ulcer which is hard to be cured â—â—t if those Humorsare very flegmatick or Melanchollick and resist putrefaction they grow and somtimes are hardened and turn to a Scirrhus somtimes they are as hard as a stone as many affirm who have fouâ— stonâ—â— in the Mesentery The Knowledg of the Imposthume in the Mesentery is somtimes easie somtimes hard for if it comes from an Inflamation of that part that being perceived by the â—igns in the former Chapter it is a sign that the Inflamation could not be discussed but suppurated and turned into an Imposthume But when an Imposthume comes from evil Humors remaining long in the Mesentery and at length putrefying it is hard to know it so that many Authors who have written Observations upon such kind of Imposthumes say that they never were known but after death when the Bodies were opened For although for the most part they may be known by the touch yet somtimes they lie so deep that they cannot be touched and the part being dull in sence that they will not be discovered by pain But because they come divers waies they must be thus distinguished If the Imposthume of the Mesentery hath a visible Tumor it is first to be diâ—cerned from an Inflamation and a Scirrhus It is distinguished from an inflamation if it come not from it when there is no Feaver or at least but smal when none went before nor any other signs that may sâ—ew an Inflamation but if it follow an Inflamation it can no other waies be distinguished than by hardness continuance for if the signs of Inflamation have continued twenty or thirty daies it is a sign that it is turned into an Imposthume It is distinguished from a Scirrhus by hardness which is great in a Scirrhus but in an Imposthume there is some kind of softness as also by the want
us by Hippocrates 6. Epid. Part. I. Aph. 6. and by Aetius lib. 11. cap. 5. And if the Disease last long you may open the Hemorroids according to Hipp. Aph. 11. Sect. 6. who saith That it is good for Melanchollick men and such as have the stone to have their Hemorrhoids bleed From the same branch of the Spleen there are Veins which go to the Reins bladder and Hemorrhoids If the pain be not asswaged by Fomentations Liniments and Cataplasms aforesaid put him into a Bath made of the Emollent Decoction with white Wine added for it asswageth pain at least while the Patient sits therein but you must not use it much least it take away strength And lastly When the pain is very great with watching and weakness you must give Narcoticks and put two drams of Philonium Romanum or five or six grains of Laudanum in a Clyster or three or four grains at the mouth or one ounce of Syrup of Poppies in a convenient Julep After these Topicks have been used in a long pain it is good to apply a Plaister of Melilot malaxed with Oyl of Chamomel and Dill. This pain useth to be bred with some of these Medicines and with repeating Purges if they be needful or giving Cassia often But if after the use of them it continue it is most certain that they are great stones which stop the Ureters which must be sent out by Diureticks which wil break them But you must first begin with the mildest lest by strong and sharp you inflame the Blood and the Reins And you must consider the habit of the Body For a full Body will endure things that do more pierce and make thin but a slender less There are abundance of this kind in Authors that diminish break and expel the stone but we wil give you only the most choyce Take of Smallage Parsley Butchers Broom Couch-grass and Sparagus Roots of each one ounce Mallow and Marsh-mallow Roots of each half an ounce Pellitory of the wall two bandfuls Annis Fennel Dill Caraway Carrot Amye Carthamus Cummin Rue seeds and Bay-berries of each two drams Chamomel Melilot Dill and French Lavender of each one pugil boyl them in white Wine to the consumption of half Dissolve in the straining being one pint fresh Butter four ounces Honey of Roses two ounces red Sugar one ounce Benedicta Laxativa half an ounce one Yolk of an Egg Oyl of Nuts Lin-seed and Dill of each three ounces mix them for a Clyster which let him keep two hours if he can Take of Strawberry Water and Saxifrage Water of each two ounces the best white Wine six ounces Oyl of sweet Almonds two ounces Spirit of Vitriol one dram mix them for three doses Give the first as hot as may be endured after six hours give the second as the former and if this will not do as it seldom misseth let him take the third You may sooner make a Julep of Saxifrage Water and Syrup of Violets with fifteen or twenty drops of Spirit of Vitriol Take of the Juyce of Pellitory drawn without fire three ounces Juyce of Lemmons and Oyl of sweet Almonds drawn without fire of each one ounce and an half Mix them for a Julep to be given three or four times morning and evening Or Take of the Juyce of Lemmons and white Wine of each two ounces Sugar candy half a dram Take it instead of the Julep Concerning Juyce of Lemmons you must note That it must be used warily for being given often and much it maketh Exulcerations in the Stomach from whence cometh the Flux called Lienteria These Pills following are excellent Take of Sal prunella Crystal of Tartar Salt of Ivy Berries and of Water-cresses of each equal parts with some proper Syrup or Turpentine make a Mass of Pills of which give one dram every morning This following pouder of Quercetan is much commended Take of the inward skin of Hens Gizzards and their white Dung of each half an ounce the inward skins of Egg-shels poudered two ounces and an half Rupture and Cinnamon of each four scruples Medlar stones two drams Annis and Fennel seeds of each one ounce make them into very fine pouder and give half a dram or a dram thereof in white Wine The Ashes of burnt Egg-shels from half a dram to an ounce given in white Wine doth powerfully expel the Stone that sticks in the passages of the Ureters Goats blood prepared is commended of all Authors old and modern as the best Medicine to dissolve the stone The Dose is from half a dram to a dram The Water of Goats Blood distilled in a Glass in Balneo Mariae doth wonders But you must feed the Goat one month with Saxifrage burnt Juniper berries Parsley and other Diureticks without Drink Hartman commends the Urine of a Goat in these words as a wonderful Remedy In the stoppage of the Reins by a greatstone or when the Vreters and Bladder are stopped by stones sent thither so that one drop cannot be voided it is excellent if you take the Vrine of a Goat taken out with his Bladder while he is yet alive and drink and apply his Paunch and Guts to the Belly and Privities for so the stone will be presently consumed without hurt to the Vessels and the Patient cured The Pouder of Millepedum or Sows is excellent to dissolve the stone and we will teach the use thereof in the stone of the Bladder Also the infusion of the same in white Wine and continued There is a Wine of Winter Cherries commended of Arnoldus Villanovanus and they say it doth so bring forth the matter of the stone that you may take it up in your hand And this is done by beating the Winter Cherries in white Wine and giving the strained Liquor These also following are good Take of Lapis Judaicus or Jews stone Pulvis Lithontribi Justini of each one dram Peach Kernels Gum Tragacanth and Cherry-stone Kernels of each half a dram bring them to Pouder and with Turpentine make a Bolus which give in three Doses morning and evening Take of Hors-Rhadish scraped two ounces white Wine four ounces steep them a few hours then strain them strongly Let the Patient take the straining twice or thrice at convenient hours Savin Water given to an ounce or two doth purge stones and gravel Take of Mallow Roots clensed in white Wine six ounces Burdock and Couch-grass Roots of each four ounces Asarum Paâ—sley Valerian and Fennel Roots bruised of each two ounces Maiden-hair Saxifrage Burnet Golden rod and Betony of each four handfuls Bazil Burdock Carduus Mountain Osier seeds Medlar stones and Peach stones of each one ounce Gromwel seeds two ounces Lapidis Lyncis and Judaici of each one ounce and an half Turpentine three ounces Goats Blood prepared two ounces and an half Saffron two drams white Wine four pints bruise them that must and mix them all distil them in Balneo Mariae Take two ounces of this Water three hours before Supper drinking after
is Often standing of the Yard which comes from stoppage of Urine and of the Inflamation of the bladder by the stone rubbing against it The Eighth is An often desire to go to stool which follows the desire of pissing by reason of the consent of the Sphincter Muscles of the Anus and Bladder for when one is provoked the other is provoked because they have branches from the same Nerve The Ninth is The Patient cannot rest in a place but shakes his Leggs and if the stone be great he can scarce stand upright ride or walk in rough places for then the mouth of the bladder is much afflicted with the stone The Tenth is That the Patient is helped by no Remedy but worse commonly for all Medicines that go through the passages of the Urine either do bring new matter and encrease the evil or carry away the flegm which being about the stone made it less offensive but being bare doth grate the inward Tunicle of the bladder The Eleventh Sign is When the Patient is in pain of the Reins and after a fit useth to void stones which caused it but now voideth none as formerly it is a sign that the stone causing the pain is sent to the bladder and there remains where by degrees it encreaseth and causeth the aforesaid Symptomes Therefore if any after such pain voids no stone and after a time begins to be stopped from making urine it is very probable that there is a stone in the bladder The Twelfth Sign is from Hippocrates Aph. 79. Sect. 4. They who make a sandy Vrine have a stone in the Bladder Which Aphorism hath troubled many Wits Galen in his Commentary thereupon saith that it is manifestly lame and defective because Hippocrates left out half of it for whether the stone be in the Kidneys or Bladder alwaies the Urin is sandy And Hippocrates himself contradicts this Aphorism Lib. de internis Affectionibus where he reproveth the old Physitians that supposed sand in the Urine to be the sign of the Stone in the Bladder Cardanus in his Comment upon the same Aphorism saith That he voided for thirty yeers first red then white sand every day in abundance without any suspicion of the stone either of the Kidneys or Bladder and he further saith that there are scarce one in ten who doth not void Gravel yet few there are that are troubled with the stone in the Kidneys and fewer with that in the bladder The Spaniards void much Gravel and yet are not subject to the stone We distinguished of sand in the former Chapter which may signifie the stone But we said it was an equivocal sign For that sand is somtimes sent forth by the strength of the expulsive faculty and is not kept in the Kidneys and Bladder any while And if this sand did shew the stone more surely yet it would never declare that of the Bladder only And therefore that Aphorism as the words are is false Beverovitius and Salmasius have greatly contended about this Aphorism both Learned men and good to open dark Sentences and they have written both whol Volums of the same It is not our intention to stay long upon it determining this one thing for an end of all Controversies That the Opinions of Authors which at first seem contrary to Truth and dayly Experience are alwaies to be taken in that sence which is most conformable to Truth although the words will not bear it which in such a case are to be thought to be added by simple fellows in the Translation or the whol Sentence to be put in by them as Galen saith often of some of Hippocrates his Sayings That they are thrust in by others when they carry not the weight and Majesty of Hippocrates And the Opinion of Beverovitius concerning sand in the Urine seems not to be according to the mind of Hippocrates nor to be of great use in Practice First it seems not to agree with Hippocrates who in his foregoing Aphorisms takes signs from things contained in the Urine and following his matter in hand saith That Sand in the Urine signifieth the stone of the Bladder But Beverovitius inverts the Sence and saith that Hippocrates is to be understood of Sand which formerly used to be voided that if they subsist that is be retained in the Bladder and be no more sent forth it is a sign that the Sand so retained is turned to a stone in the bladder This Interpretation as I said doth agree with Hippocrates his Intention and it nothing avails for Practice for they who use to void gravel have some time of intermission in which there is not a stone bred in the Bladder Nor hath it much weight that Beverovitius observeth That Hippocrates in his other Aphorisms where he laies down the signs to be taken from the things contained in the Urine doth not use the word Subsidentia or setâ—ing or falling down but the Word Excretion or voiding As for example they who piss matter or blood with thick and branny Urine c. But here he useth the word that signifieth setling to shew that he meaneth somthing else But we bringing all things to Practice say that Hippocrates in this Aphorism could not use a word which signifieth only sending forth or Excretion because he ought to distinguishe that sand which signifieth the Stone from that which doth not This Sand as we said in the former Chapter settles in the bottom of the Urinal but other Sand doth only stick to the sides and therefore Hippocrates that he might distinguish them said well They whose sandy matter settleth for others which do not settle are not a sign of the stone in the bladder But that we may bring this Aphorism to Truth and Practical use we suppose that the Opinion of Johannes Zechius is the best who makes it a proper sign of the stone of the bladder and there is great use of the Aphorism in Physical Practice when by al other Interpreters it is made unprofitable And that Zechius may be honored by them who have not his Works we think it work our labor to repeat his words which are in his Book of Consultation 58. Consult Hippocrates saith he Aph. 79. Sect. 4. said thus which was never understood yet either by Galen or any other They whose Vrine hath a sandy settling or sediment have the stone in the bladder Which Sentence if we should take it according to Galen woudl be false because we observe that many men do piss sand all their lives whereof I am one without any suspicion of the stone in the bladder From whence I cannot but wonder at Galen and all the rest after him that they should either not understand so useful an Aphorism which I can scarce beleeve or by reason of its ambiguity pass it by The whol difficulty is in the signification of the word Sabulosa in Greek called Psammodea Hippocrates would have nothing understood thereby but thick gravel mixed as it were with fat Earth
Stone and Gravel after Purging Revulsion and things that allay sharpness mentioned you must use those things that may gently clense as these that follow Take of Pills of Turpentine with Rhubarb one ounce give half a dram in a morning with two spoonfuls of Syrup of Scurvy-grass every other day But when he takes them not give this Pouder and Confection following Take of Liquoris two drams the four cold Seeds of each one dram Purslain and Lettice seed of each half a dram the Troches of Amber and burnt Harts-horn prepared of each one scruple Sugar as much as all the rest make a fine Pouder give one dram with Mallows Water in which Quince seeds have been infused Take of blanched Almonds and Pine seeds clensed of each half a dram Marsh-mallow seeds and Winter Cherries of each one scruple Lettice and white Poppy seeds of each half a scruple Starch and Tragacanth of each half a dram Liquoris two drams Sugar six ounces With Pellitory Water make a Confection in Morsels Take it morning and evening half an ounce Stronger Diureticks are not convenient for they wil provoke the flux And lastly Vitriol Waters are good to stop blood cool the Reins and expel stones Chap. 5. Of the Vlcer of the Reins and Bladder THe Ulcer of the Reins and Bladder comes of three Causes from an Imposthume broken after Suppuration from the sharpness of Humors such as causeth pissing of blood which being violent and continual doth ulcerate the parts or from a sharp stone that corrodeth them the last is most usual the former seldom Among the Signs the chief is voiding of Matter with Urine which lasting long doth shew that there is an Ulcer certainly in the Ureters But whether the Reins or the Bladder be affected is known by the place of pain whether it be in the Loyns or neer the Privities Moreover If Matter come from the Reins it is better concocted white thin and not stinking because the body of the Kidneys being fleshy doth better concoct besides the Matter is more abundant and more mixed with the Urine which is voided like Milk till after long standing it settle to the bottom That Matter which comes from the Bladder is little and not much mixed with the Urine not so wel concocted but crude of divers colors and stinking for that part being without blood and having little heat cannot concoct sufficiently But often pure Matter is voided without Urine from the neck of the Bladder and then there is a continual difficulty of Urine and pain in that part which is not in an Ulcer of the Reins but by fits When the Ulcer is in the Reins somtimes much Blood is voided which is hard to be stopped and somtimes pieces of flesh and matter or blood somtimes so big as they hardly pass and cause pain but from the bladder come scales or skins or bran And from an old Ulcer of the Bladder that is callous or hard there flows that snotty flegm which we spake of in the stone of the Bladder As for the Prognostick All inward Ulcers are dangerous but these most because of the constant flux of Humors to these parts for although the serous humor hath a clensing quality yet here being mixed with other qualities it doth not as in its Natural condition and if evil salt and sharp humors are mixed therewith they will make and nourish an Ulcer New Ulcers of the Reins and Bladder are curable old not They are incurable in old men somtimes incurable in yong men with much difficulty Ulcers that come from the Stone and are maintained by it cannot be cured before it be taken out The pain and Symptomes which accompany the aforesaid Ulcers cause watchings and consume the Body The Cure is by clensing drying and heating as al other For this purpose use these following First If there be a repletion or inflamation in the part affected let blood first in the Arm then in the Hand Then purge often to take away the vitious humors that flow to the part affected but with gentle things as Cassia Manna Syrup of Roses Agarick Rhubarb made into a Bolus because in a moist form being drunk they quickly go to the Ureters and encrease pain You may give this Opiate following Take of Polypody of the Oak and Liquoris of each half an ounce the four great cold seeds of each one dram Borrage and Violet flowers of each half a pugil Jujubes six pair Damask Prunes three pair smal Raisons half an ounce Senna one ounce and an half Infuse them all night in Barley Water then boyl and strain them then dissolve of Manna one ounce and an half Cassia three ounces boyl them to an Opiate adding in the end half an ounce of Rhubarb in pouder Give one ounce at a time once in a week two hours before meat Or Take of Cassia two ounces Manna one ounce and an half the Mucilage of Fleabane seeds six drams the four great cold seeds of each one dram the Juyce of Liquoris two drams With Syrup of Roses solutive make an Opiate These Opiates wil be better if you put Mercurius dulcis to them because Mercury doth clense and heal al Ulcers both internal and external Turpentine is purging and excellent in this Disease because it clenseth the Ulcer And you must give half an ounce thereof washed at once with Pouder of Liquoris But it is chiefly good when the Urine is thick Avicen commends Vomiting for this Disease Cap. de Vlcer Renum A Vomit saith he is the best way to cure an Vlcer in the Reins because it clenseth and emptieth and draweth the Humors from the part But Aetius in his Chapter de suppuratis Renibus If saith he any man will take a strong Vomit every month he will happily cure the Vlcer of the Reins or any other evil that ariseth from them Many Modern Physitians follow these some gave warm Oyl and Water one hour before meat which only Medicine being often repeated hath cured this Disease as they say But Rondeletius wil have them vomit after meat because then men vomit most easily and he gives warm Water and Oyl and anoints the Stomach with Oyl of Lillies But you must never give a Vomit but to them that are easie to vomit for otherwise it would Inflame the Ulcer After due Evacuations and Revulsions you must use Clensers The chief is Whey taken every morning in abundance or thin Hydromel six or eight ounces in a morning in ordinary drink or the Decoction of Barley and Liquoris with Sugar and give Water and Sugar for ordinary Drink You may boyl in Hydromel if you fear heat the cold Seeds Liquoris and Mallows Asses Milk doth not only clese with its Wheyie part but heal with its cheezy part but you must not give it in a Feaver or you may make this following Decoction to clense and ease pain Take of Marsh-mallow Roots half an ounce Plantane Agrimony Maiden-hair and Mallows of each one handful Mallows and
thick slimy and crude Humors coming commonly from evil Diet for these Virgins drink great draughts of Water at bed-time or in the morning fasting or eat Vinegar Herbs unripe Fruits Snow or Ice hence it is that they lose their Natural heat and there is abundance of crude Excrements Others sleep too much or are very idle as Seamsters which by sitting stil al day are very cold Others watch too much and use unseasonable exercise as dauncing presently after meat and so continuing with their Sweet-hearts all night Moreover they have great cares and disturbances of mind by which the Concoction is destroyed and the Body filled with evil Juyce The Knowledge of this Disease is easie from the Symptomes following First The Face and all the Body is pale and white somtimes of a Lead color blew or green for crude flegmatick and â—erous Humors abounding and being carried to the habit of the body do discolor it and if Choller or Melancholly be mixed with that flegm the color wil be yellowish greenish or blew The Second is Swelling in the Face and Eye-lids especially after sleep because the motive heat being closed and contracted at night raised more vapors than it could discuss The Leggs also and Feet especially about the Ankles and the whol Body is loose and soft by reason of the abundance of flegm Thirdly Heaviness and Idleness in the whol Body a lazy stretching forth of the Leggs from the Humors being fallen down Fourthly There is difficult breathing especially when they move themselves or go up Hils or steep places then the thick blood grows warm and thence arise many vapors which cause shortness of breathing Fifthly There is Palpitation of the Heart and beating of the Arteries in the Temples when the Body is exercised by reason of the same evaporation which is raised from thick Humors heated by Exercise Sixthly There is often a great Head-ach and somtimes in the hinder part of the Head when the Womb suffers but in the Forehead when the vapors arise most from the Hypochondria Seventhly The Pulse is swift and quick as if they were in a Feaver and therefore this Disease is called the white Feaver by reason of the quickness of the Pulse which is so for this reason The vital faculty being weak makes the Pulâ—e little therefore Nature supplies the smalness of it with often beating Eightly The sleep is very sound they sleep til midnight except they be forcibly awaked and this is from many thick vapors which arise from the filthy flegm Ninthly There is a great loathing of wholsom meat by reason of the great collection of Crudities in the Stomach and parts adjacent and these Humors when they grow worse cause the Pica or longing for things that are not to be eaten Lastly When the evil encreaseth and the Obstructions are multiplied the Terms stop which shews the Disease to be at the height and confirmed As for the Prognostick That Disease commonly is not dangerous and continueth a long time But if it be too much neglected and suffered to take root so that the Nourishment is hindered there follow great Diseases of the Natural parts as Scirrhous and other Tumors and corruption of the substance of them which cause death by Dropsies long Feavers and the like When the Disease is less and comes only from the Obstruction of the Veins of the Womb in yong women it is cured by Marriage Women that have long been in this Disease either are barren or their Children are diseased and weak There is great hope of recovery when the Terms keep their ordinary course and their due quantity and quality The Cure of this Disease is by opening Obstructions by emptying of the filthy Humors from the whol Body and correcting the distemper of the Bowels and strengthening of them The Obstructions are taken away by the Medicines which were mentioned in the Cure of the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen adding some things which respect the Womb and that are more proper to open those Veins First then give a purging Medicine agreeable to the Patients temper made of gentle things to clense the first Region only and a Clyster before it if the Body be bound Then open a Vein if the Disease be not very old and the Maid very much without blood and inclining to an evil habit Let the Vein of the Arm be opened first although the Terms be stopped for if then you draw blood from the Foot the Obstructions of the Veins of the Womb will be greater by their fulness And if the Liver be most stopped take blood from the right Arm if the Spleen from the left After you have bled sufficiently you must give an ordinary Purge by way of an Apozeme such as was prescribed in the Cure of the Obstructions of the Liver To which you may add some Herbs that are proper to the Womb as Mugwort Feaverfew Peny-royal and if the Spleen be stopped you may add proper things for that as Capar barks Ceterach or Spleenwort Harts-tongue It the temper be Chollerick and there be signs of a hot and dry Liver you must take all the hot simples out of the Apozeme and put in cold openers instead thereof For the more delicate Virgins instead of Apozemes you may give the Broths prescribed in the aforesaid Cure of the Liver and change the simples as we said of the Apozeme In the mean while you may use Fomentations and Liniments prescribed in the same Chapter not only to the Liver but to the Spleen and Womb. After Purging 〈◊〉 this Bath following to open and loosen the Vessels and to dissolve and digest the Matter 〈◊〉 Obstructions which are of such force that we have known somtimes the Terms to begin to flow at the third or fourth bathing when they have formerly been long stopped Take of Marsh-mallow Roots Lilly Roots Elicampane Briony wild Cucumer of each two pound Mallows Violets Mercury Penyroyal Feaverfew Balm of each four handfuls Linseed and Fenugreek beaten of two ounces boyl them in spring Water for a Bath Let her go into it warm twice in a day not sweating long before and after meat for two daies renewing each day the Decoction The day after the last Bath if the Terms be stopped let the lower Veins be opened and take away three ounces of blood and this may be done twice or thrice at that time in which the Terms used to flow Or if they never did appear at that time in which the Patient is most asslicted After these Medicines to strengthen the Bowels and to wear away the reliques of the Obstructions an opening and strengthening Opiate wil do very wel described in the place mentioned to which you may add two drams of Foecula Brioniae and as much of Salt of Mugwort But because somtimes the Obstructions are so great that they wil not presently be cured you must make a Magistral Syrup of the Ingredients to the Apozeme before mentioned with an encrease of the purging Medicines in quantity and
let the Patient take it twice or thrice in a month The ordinary Pils mentioned in the Cure of the stoppage of the Liver are most excellent to which you may add the Medicines there mentioned of Tartar Vitriol and Steel Zacutus Lusitanus Observ 99. Lib. 2. reports of a certain Woman which had the Green-sickness ten yeers with stoppage of her Terms and could not be cured with divers opening and purging Medicines and some made of Steel that he cured her with nothing but Conserve of Mugwort given thirty daies together drinking after it the distilled Water of Savin in which Rhubarb had been a whol night insused The same Zacutus Observ 117. Lib. 3. tels of a Virgin which eating much Salt every day felinto a Diarrhoea of Choller mixed with a Consumption which he cured after general Medicines with Goats Milk steeled and cold things applied to the Liver In the greatest Obstructions an Issue made in the right or left Legg as the Liver or Spleen is affected is very good After the Obstructions are opened you must diseuss the flegm like serous humors that remain in the Veins and in the habit of the Body by sweats for which you must use the Decoction of Guajacum in cold Constitutions or of China and Sarsa in those that are hot for fifteen or twenty daies with this Caution That every fourth or fifth day you give a Purge to clense the Bowels of Humors which cannot be sent forth by sweat and which if they continue wil grow hard and putrefie and be the occasion of Feavers and other Diseases For this Purpose you may use Brimstone Baths both for drink and bathing for by the drinking thereof when the passages are first open by the Medicines aforesaid the Humor that is contained in the first and second Region of the Body is clensed and sent forth by the belly and urine and the third Region is clensed by sweating in them And lastly Copulation if it may be legally done after the use of opening Medicines is very good for thereby the Natural heat is stirred up in parts Natural by which the Vessels of the Womb are much enlarged And Experience teacheth that somtimes these Women have their Terms the first night after Marriage and that others who in good health have them before their accustomed time Chap. 2. Of the stoppage of the Terms THe Terms are said to be stopped when in a Woman ripe of Age which gives not suck and is not with Child there is a seldom smal or no evacuation of blood by the Womb which used to be every month The cause of this stoppage is either in the Womb or in its Vessels or in the blood which comes or ought to come that way Divers Diseases of the Womb may cause this Disease namely a cold Distemper and dry which thickeneth and bindeth the Body of the Womb or a hot and dry distemper by drying the part or burning up the nourishment thereof from whence come evil humors which being fastened in the part hinder the Terms from flowing Also the Organical Diseases of those parts as inflamation or scirrhus the turning of the inward mouth thereof or compression from the Tumors of the parts adjacent or the Omentum or Caul growing too thick The thickness of the Womb it self Ulcer or Scars which they leave or from the tearing of the Cotyledones or Mouths of the Vessels in a great Abortion The Vessels of the Womb do often suffer Obstruction which is the chief cause of stopping of the Terms and they come from cold and thick Humors somtimes there is a suppression of those Veins by binding of them and that is from the parts adjacent being stretched and swoln as we said in the binding or closing of the Womb. The blood offending either in quantity quality or motion may be cause of the obstruction of the Courses It offends in quantity when it is too much or too little too much when it stretcheth out the Veins so that they cannot contract themselves to expel it as in the bladder when it is too full of Urine it cannot contract it self to send it forth too little when the Body hath not blood enough to nourish it The blood offends in quality when it is thicker and more slimy of its own Nature by reason of the cold distemper of the Liver and other parts or from the mixture of thick and flegmatick or melanchollick humors from whence commonly Obstructions come The blood offends in motion when it passeth other waies as by the Nose vomiting spittle urine hemorrhoids and many other parts I saw a Maid who had a Sore in her head which opened every month and bled plentifully and we have seen many that have sent forth blood at fixed times by their Lungs and this evacuation was instead of a Menstrual flux The external Causes are cold and dry Air Northern winds often going into cold water especially in the time of their flux too little or two much meat either too thick and cold or too astringent also hot things as too much Salt and Spice by drying of the substance of the Liver and other parts and by drying up the blood by which it groweth thick and fit to stop violent exercise and watchings which do consume the blood long sleep and idleness which do weaken the Natural heat and cause Crudities too long retaining of Excrements by usual bleeding at the Nose Hemorrhoids Diarrhoea and other evacuations by vomit urine or sweat and lastly great passions of the mind anger sudden fear sorrow jealousie and the like The Knowledge of this is to be taken from the Patients relation but because it comes either from Natural or Preternatural Causes we shal lay down some distinguishing signs left the Physitian be deceived by Women that would dissemble their being with Child and left he should rashly prescribe Medicines to provoke Terms to Women with Child First If they be with Child they have commonly their Natural Complexion but others are pale and ill colored Secondly The Symptomes which Women with Child have at the first do dayly decrease but in others stoppage of the Terms by how much the longer the Terms stop by so much the more the Symptomes encrease Thirdly In Women with Child after the third Month you may perceive the Scituation and Motion of the Infant by laying your hand upon the inferior Belly in others there is a Tumor to be felt but it is oedematous or flegmatick not hard neither is it proportionable to the Womb. Fourthly If a wise Midwife touch the inward Mouth of the Womb it will not be so close shut as in women with Child but rather hard and contracted and full of pain Fiftly Women with Child are commonly merry and little disturbed but when the Terms are otherwise stopped they are sad and sorrowful The Signs of the Causes are these The faults of the Womb which use to cause stoppage of the Terms shal be laid down in the following Chapters but the greatest
part of them is found out by touching seeing and relation of the Patients The Obstruction and straightness of the Vessels of the Womb are known by pain in the Loyns and parts adjacent especially in the time the Terms should flow and if any thing flow at that time it is slimy white and blackish Now the Diseases of the adjacent parts which may shut the mouth of the Womb or the Veins will appear by their proper signs You may know the abounding of blood in the Veins by the swelling of the Veins in the Thighs and Arms especially if the Woman be fleshy and red and have fed high You may suppose there is want of blood if the Woman be fat if she have had a long Feaver went before or loathing of meat The evil quality of the blood is known by the evil habit of the Body by the distemper of the Liver and other parts and especially by the blood it self if you can see some of it The preposterous motion of the blood when it flows another way is manifest of it self As to the Prognostick The stoppage of the Terms is very dangerous and many great diseases come thereof and some in the Womb it self as swellings imposthumes and Ulcers others in the whol Body and divers parts thereof as Feavers Obstructions evil Habits Loathing Dropsie Heart-ach Cough short Breathing Fainting sore Eyes Madness Melancholly Headach Joynt-gout and the like Hippocrates Lib. 1. of Womens Diseases hath shewed the encrease of Diseases from the stopping of the Terms in these words The third month after the stoppage of the Terms they begin to feel suffocations or shortness of breath with horrors heaviness of the Loyns and somtimes a Feaver But if it last long the Belly grows hard they piss much they loath meat and watch much they grate their Teeth in sleep and if they continue longer stopped the pains will be greater but in the sixth month that Disease which was formerly curable will be then incurable then she wil be troubled in mind and faint vomit flegm thirsty the Belly about the Privities will be pained there will be a Feaver and the Body bound and the Urine stopped the Back will ach and she will stammer Afterwards the Leggs Feet and Belly will swell and the Urine be red bloody and pain over all the Body especially the Neck and Back-bone and Groyns and so they die of a Dropsie Thus far Hippocrates But here is a doubt because the Author saith That in the sixt month the Disease is incurable when Experience teacheth the contrary and Hippocrates himself 4. Epid. reports that a Maid who had her Terms stopped for seven Yeers was restored to health by the return of them Hippocrates may be reconciled to himself by saying That after six months the Disease is incurable when the Terms are in the Body or Cavity of the Womb because there they putrefie and come to suppuration as in the After-birth or Blood retained But this is not to be understood of every Suppuration That Stoppage is least dangerous which comes from plenty of good Blood or fat bleeding or other Evacuations because those Causes may easily be removed That is harder to be cured which comes from heaviness of Humors Obstruction of Vessels or straitness because that stubborn Humor getting into the innermost passages cannot be got forth but by long pains and Medicines which Women are very unwilling to receive That stoppage which cometh from the distemper only of the Womb is worst because the part being hurt by propriety is hard to be cured by reason of the continual flux of Humors which the part is disposed to receive and therefore is called the Jakes of the whol Body The Cure of this Disease is divers according to the variety of the Causes And first if it come from too much blood you must abate the quantity by Phlebotomy in the Arm for if the lower veins should be first opened the blood would be drawn more to the Womb where it would make greater obstruction and distention of Vessels and break them or cause Inflamation of the Womb. After the Plethory or abundance of blood is taken away you must draw the blood down by opening the lower Veins about the time that the Patient used before to be clensed as also by Frictions Ligatures Cupping-glasses dry and with Scarrification These things done you must relax and soften the parts of the Womb with Fomentations and Baths and moistening Unguents which if they cannot master the Disease you may give Hysterical Purges and such as do properly provoke the Terms which we shal after descrhibe cusing the mildest If want of Blood be the cause as after long Feavers great Evacuations and Extenuation of the Body you must not provoke them till you have used Restoratives and blood be renewed and whatsoever is the cause of extenuation be removed which things being done the Terms do commonly flow of themselves which if they do not but Nature forgets her office you must open the inferior Veins and use the Medicines afore mentioned so that you take not away too much blood becaus the strength is little and lest the Patient fal into a Consumption But here you must diligently mark That every extenuation of the body doth not signifie want of blood but only after great evacuations consuming Causes for it comes to pass somtimes that the Terms stopt in the Veins get an evil quality which makes the blood unfit to nourish hence comes leanness although the Veins be filled with much bad blood and then large bleeding is very good as Galen confirms Comment 3. in Lib. 6. Epid. I saith he cured a Woman that had her Courses stopped eight months when she was lean by drawing much blood as also others But what happened to that famous Woman was remarkable I opened a Vein when other Physitians feared the success and were against me saying that it must hurt her not only because she was lean but also because she had no stomach to eat But these yong Physitians had a more Sophistical way to observe what happened to the Patients and to neglect the affects and Causes which are the ground of Cure I took to my best remembrance the first day a pint and an half of blood from the woman the next day one pint the third not above half a pint or eight ounces Thus Galen By which it is manifest That from lean women of this disease you may take a great quantity of blood although the women of our Age will not endure it The stoppage of the Courses comes from a preposterous motion of the blood when it is sent forth by the Nose Vomiting spitting or Hemorrhoids and the like The Cure is by repelling it from those parts and bringing it to the passage of the Womb. First while they bleed you must wash Arms Head and Face with cold Water and keep them from the use of those parts especially loud speaking then you must open a Vein beneath Two or three daies
a drachm Saffron one scruple With clarified Honey make all into a Pessarie which put into a warm thin rag and conveigh into the Womb but let it not abide long there for fear of inflamation Pilulae Cochiae minores brought into the form of a Pessarie doth excellently move the Courses Also injections are wont to be made into the Womb which are wont to be called Womb-Clysters for they wash away the filth which cleaves to the sides of the Womb and they open the internal Orifices of the Veins Now they are made of the Decoction of the Fomentation aforesaid â—leaving out the more sharp things or with a Decoction of fat Figs with Mugwort Penyroyal and Mercury or of the juyce of Mercury alone purified in which a little Benedicta Laxativa is dissolved For we must by no meanes use more sharp Ingredients for fear of Inflamation Yea and after the use of the aforesaid Injections which ought to be retained but an hour it will be good to Inject a Decoction of Mallows Barley and Violet leaves or a little Hydromel tempered with Whey of Goats-Milk In an old inveterate Disease Issues made in the Legs may do very much good For although Sennertus approves not of them because they rather derive from the Womb and teach the humors which were wont to flow unto the Womb to come rather that way and hinder their inclinations to the Womb Yet have they been found to do much good by the frequent experiences of Mercurialis Varandaeus and others For by those Issues the superfluous humors are continually evacuated and the Course of the humors is guided into the inferior parts And the derivation of superfluous humors from the Womb is so far from hindring the Flux of Courses to the Womb that it rather furthers the same by making the Blood more pure and more obedient to the command of Nature which with the Humors aforesaid is not drawn unto the Issues And hereunto that these Humors if they be not by these waies evacuated being retained inthe Veins they double the Obstructions and so do augment the suppression of Courses Howbeit We are of opinion that the menstrual purgations being restored to their due Course the Issues ought to be closed up that Nature may accustome her self to exclude superfluous Humors by the Womb. In the Use of the Remedies aforesaid some precepts are to be observed worthy of Note First That we must never use Medicines that move the Courses but after Universal Purgations least the Humors being plentifully carried to the Veins of the Womb should increase Obstructions or being much attenuated should reach into other parts of the Body and produce grievous Diseases As Schenkius relates in his Observations that a Physitian of Venice gave a Woman that wanted her Courses a certain Apozeme to move them not having first purged her Body of Flegm and a little after she had taken her Apozeme she fell into a Palsey Secondly That in giving such things as bring down the Courses we must begin with the gentler proceeding by little and little to such as are stronger Thirdly That Medicaments procuring the Flux of the Courses must be given in greater quantity than ordinary because their vertue is abated in their long passage from the Stomach unto the Womb. Fourthly That the Medicaments aforesaid are to be given either in the morning when the Patient is fasting or somtimes at her going into or coming out of the Bath For so the Medicine slipping into a warm and opened Body doth powerfully exercise it's strength and this it doth yet more effectually if it be given a little before the inferior Veins be opened Fifthly That Pessaries and Womb-Clysters or Injections are only to be prescribed to married Women and such as have been carnally imbraced by Men but to Virgins we must prescribe Nascalia viz. Wool dipped in the Medicament Fomentations Baths to sit in and Suffumagations Sixtly In Cholerick or Melanchollick Constitutions all hot Medicaments are to be avoided and only the gentler and milder sort are to be used and with them temperate Aperitines or openers as also moistning and softning Medicaments are to be mixed Chap. 3. Of the Immoderate Flux of the Courses WOmens monthly Courses being moderate in quantity and flowing in due season are Natural But if they exceed in quantity or come too often or stay too long They are to be accounted Immoderate and besides the intent of Nature The Causes of this Immoderate coming down of the Courses are the same which we in it's proper place have shewed do concur to Cause spitting of Blood viz. An opening of the ends of the Veins a soaking of the blood through the Coates of the Veins a forcible rending of the Veins and heir being eaten through by sharp humors all which are caused by the bloods over great abundance Heat Thinness or Sharpness By some blow fall or wound Which we have at large declared in our Speculations touching spitting of blood so that it is needless here to repeat the same Let the reader be pleased to peruse that Chapter The Signes of this Infirmity are either of the Disease it self or of it's Cause Immoderate Flux of the Courses is known by the il-bearing of the Patient decay of strength want of appetite to meat indigestion of Humors ill Habit of the whole Body colour of face like a dead Corps swelling of the Legs and other more grievous maladies caused by decay of Natural heat past away in the Blood To know the Causes observe these signes following A thin Habit of Body and softness of the Flesh with such a diet as tends to increase the wheyish and thinner parts of the Blood and especially the Blood it self appearing thin and watry in the cloaths coming from the Patient doth shew that the Blood hath soaked through the Veins That the Immoderate Flux is caused by an opening of the ends of the Veins or a breaking of their Coates is known by the Foregoing of Wounds Falls or Bruises by the use of dancings long outcries carrying unusual weights by a Person corpulent and full of Blood By some foregoing great heat extream Cold Immoderate carnal imbraces great Anger and the like The same may also happen after fore labor in Child-birth or by the unskilful handling of a Midwife after a miscarriage or after a long stoppage of the monthly Blood which makes the same being collected in too a great quantity breaks out on a sudden with violence That there is an Exulceration in the Womb whereby the Veins are eaten through appears by the Bloods dropping out by little and little with a sence of pain and sharpness and by the Bodies being replenished with salt and sharp Humors Also the blood which comes away is at first Matterish Wheyish Blackish or Yellow and afterward if the Exulceration increase some bits of the parts affected are eaten off whereupon follows a great effusion of Blood hard to be stopped Also there have proceeded such things as are wont to
breed bad Blood such as are the use of sharp things in Diet the use of Salt meates of meates putrefied and such like As for the Predictions belonging to this infirmity we are to know that all large and long-lasting Issues of Blood are dangerous especially those from the Womb which hurts not only her that suffers them but hinders posterity That which comes by a soaking of the Blood through the Veins is of al others the least dangerous as causing less expence of heat and Spirits yet it continues longer by reason of the continual supply of raw and Wheyish Blood The breaking of Veins and the opening of their mouths cause greater danger because they do suddenly Issue forth great quantities of Blood yet are they sooner cured as happening for the most part only in Bodies over ful of Blood and otherwise healthy But of all others that which Springs from Exulceration is most hard to cure because where the Ulcer is there some part of the substance of the Veins is perished which hinders the growing together again of that breach whence the Blood Issues If the sick party grow daily weaker and weaker and the Disease stronger and stronger it portends her death In an elderly Woman over great Flux of her Courses is commonly incurable and deadly The Cure of Immoderate Flux of Courses must be in a manner the same which we have prescribed to cure the immoderate running of the Hemorroids For in the first place to draw the Blood from the part affected the Patient must bleed in her Arm not all at once but by degrees now and then stopping the Orifice with your singer and then letting it bleed again She must bleed plentifully as much as her strength can bear For Hollerius in his Comment upon the 50. Aphor. of the 5. Sect. doth testifie that he hath seen many Women cured by large Blood-letting when the Issue of their Blood could by no other remedies be stopped Rubbings Bindings and Cupping-glasses ate good to cause revulsion as in the cure aforesaid we have shewed especially if the Cupping-Glasses be fastened upon her Dugs according to that Sentence of Hippocrates If you would stop a Womans Courses fasten a very large Cupping-Glass unto her Dugs Howbeit if upon the setting on of the Cupping-glass she grow short breathed you must quickly take it off again Likewise the same Purgation may serve which we propounded in the Cure of the Hemorrhoids and it must be reiterated once or twice in a week until the impurity of the Bowels and the Veins be taken away For when the Chollerick and Wheyish Humors are taken away which make the blood thin and sharp it leaves running of it self If the Wheyish parts seem most to abound Mechoacan with Rhubarb will be a good Purge A Vomit likewise doth powerfully draw the Blood upwards and is commended by Hippocrates in his Second Book of Womens Infirmities But the Vomit must be gentle and often repeated Also it may suffice for the Patient to put her finger into her Throat and so procure Vomit Yea and the Truth is it may serve the turn and will be very profitable for her to provoke her self to Vomit before her Dinners but so as not to vomit only to use some forcing thereunto Unto which Remedies these which follow may profitably be added as being tried by very learned Physitians Take the Shels of two new laid Eggs burnt Frankinsence Mastich of each half an ounce Pearls prepared red Coral prepared and Amber of each two drains Blood-stone and Smaragd prepared of each half a scruple Barley made without Bran two pugils four whites of Eggs and if need be add a little Water in which red hot Steel hath been quenched and make two Cakes which must be baked so hard in an Oven that they may be beaten to Pouder Of which Pouder give from half a dram to a dram early in the morning in a draught or mess of Broth made of Sheeps Trotters John Michael Paschalius doth witness that many Women long troubled with this Infirmity have been cured with this Pouder Also the Pouder of Egg-shels alone is commended a dram there of being given divers mornings together and it is accounted by some for a Secret Forestâ—â— commends the following Pouder which he saies was one of the Secrets of his Doctor or Instructor Helidaeus Take a Turtle Dove moderately fat draw it and wash it with astringent red Wine and Rose Water mingâ—â—d together and put an ounce of Mastich in the Belly of it and sow up the belly that none of the Mastich may fall out Then roast it upon a Spit and instead of Butter bast it with Vinegar of Roses and save the fat which shall drop from it for your use When it is excellently well roasted put it into a new glazed pot or pipkin closed up with such Materials as the Chymists use to close their Vessels with that nothing may vapor out Then let it be set into the Oven till it be so dry that it may be beaâ—â—n into a Pouder Of which Pouder let the Patient take one spoonful every morning in Planâ—ane Water or in some astringent Decoction And with the fat which was reserved at the roasting let the Reins of her back her groins and Privy-part with the share be anointed Our Country-women have an ordinary Medicine of the flowers of the long-stalked common Thistle wherewith they use to curdle their Milk when they would make Cheese They administer these Flowers in Broth or other convenient Liquor Others use of the Runnet of a Kid or an Hare to â—â—e quantity of ten grains which both stops the flowing of the Blood and dissolves that which is clotted together in the Womb. â—alen accounts Juyce of Plantane newly made to be the best Medicine in the world being given to the quantity of three or four ounces Solenander adds to the aforesaid Juyce a quantity of Colophony and avouches it to be remedy that never fails his words are these To stop an old flux of the Courses take two ounces of the Juyce of Plantane and mingle therewith a dram of Colophony poudered and give it the Patient to drink Let her take it four times and she shall be undoubtedly healed with Gods Blessing The Juyce of Yarrow is very convenient in this case if two or three ounces thereof be given with Syrup of Coral or some other convenient Syrup The Juyce of Nettles is no whit inferior to or rather exceeds the former in efficacy It may be given alone or in mixture with others of little faculty Or a Syrup may be made of Nettles to be ever in a readiness A Water drawn out of the most tender Oak Leaves which are of a reddish color stops the aforesaid flux Mercatus makes up a very effectual Water after this manner Take a Loaf made of Wheat Flower Barley Meal and Rice break it in pieces and powr upon it seven pints of Water in which red hot Steel hath been quenched Whereunto add red Rose
Expellers of Melancholly must be mingled according as Choller or Melancholly is adjoyned to the Humor offending An Apozeme therefore may be appointed both altering and purging for four or five daies by way of a solemn purgation alwaies remembring that to the purging Medicaments some astringent and corroborating things are to be added lest the Humors of the Body being stirred should fall more abundantly into the Womb. Touching Blood-letting it is a question whether it be convenient in this Disease or not For seeing this Flux is caused by ill Humors in the Body which by Blood-letting are drawn into the Veins and so may corrupt the Mass of Blood it seems there is in this case no place for bleeding Also since in this lingring Disease the Patients strength is much abated and the Body often brought into a Consumption it seems unsit to weaken it yet more by blood-letting and so defrauding it of its nourishment Which Controversie is thus decided That if the flux be not pure and simple but in some measure mingled with Blood and it appear reddish that then a Vein may be opened as also if the Liver be very much heated and the sharpness of Choller be joyned with the flux In other Cases especially if the flux have endured long it is better to abstain from Blood-letting Bindings of the upper parts of the Body and Cupping-glasses applied to the shoulder-blades and to the back wil be very useful to draw the Humors upward also rubbings of those parts wil be specially profitable first with finer and softer cloaths than with rougher and courser which Galen dayly practised upon the Wife of Boetius whom he cured in the space of thirteen daies as himself relates in his Book of Prognosticks dedicated to Posthumus Chap. 8. And besides the Universal Purgation already propounded ordinary Purgations are also to be administred and frequently reiterated that the superfluity of Excrements may be the better evacuated by little and little and that Nature may get a custom to void those Humors by stool which formerly had their recourse unto the Womb. To this intent Magisterial Syrups Pills and usual Opiates may be compounded suitable to the temper of the Patient and the Humors offending In this Disease caused by â—legm Mercatus commends a Syrup of the Decoction of Lignum vitae with Senna Turbith and Agarick as also the following Pills Take of the Mass of Pills of Hiera picra one dram Agarick trochiscated one dram and an half with Honey of Roses make them into Pills of which let the Patient take early in the morning six or seven every third day afterward only three of them every fift or sixt day Or for the greater Astriction as wel as purging they may be thus compounded in whatever Complexion Take Choyce Rhubarb oft-times sprinkled with the Juyce of Roses two drams Citrine colored white and black Myrobalans steeped in the Juyce of Roses of each one dram Mastich one scruple Spicknard half a scruple With Syrup of Roses make all into a Mass of Pills Let the Dose be one dram twice in a week For a Flux arising of Serosity or Wheyish Excrements Jallap is most excellent which may be thus used Take Jallap finely poudered one dram Cinnamon finely poudered half a scruple Mix them and with a draught of Chicken Broth give it the Patient in the morning A Laxative Ptisan dayly taken for a month together hath cured a stubborn Flux of Whites when nothing else could as is to be seen in our Book of Medicinal Observations Vomiting is likewise much commended in this Disease especially in such as are easie to vomit because such indigested humors as are wont to be gathered about the Stomach are hereby both evacuated and powerfully revelled or drawn back from the Womb. Among convenient Vomits Diasarum of Fernelius his Invention is commended half an ounce whereof given in Water and Honey or with one ounce of Oxymel and warm Chicken Broth twice or thrice in a month moves three or four Vomits without any trouble After sufficient Purgations sweat may be procured to expel the remnants of the Excrementitious Humor and also to cause a further Revulsion of the Humors falling into the Womb. To this intent a Decoction of Lignum vitae and Sassaphras will be good in such as are flegmatick and of China and Sarsaparilla in such as are Chollerick and Melanchollick cooling and temperate Herbs being added lest the evil Humors be more exasperated and become more sharp Or Sweat may be provoked by a Decoction of hot Herbs as Nep Calaminth Fennel Hysop Elicampane Chamomel Dill and such like the evaporation of which Herbs being artificially received upon the Patients Body will procure sweat A Bath may also be made of the same Decoction by which sweat may be provoked But in hotter Constitutions a Bath of fresh fair Water blood-warm will be sufficient in which moderate and gentle sweats only may be procured Sulphurous Baths do also powerfully cause sweat and consume the reliques of this Disease and by help of such Baths we have known some Women cured that no other means could help As touching Piss-driving Medicines it s a weighty question whether or no they are fit to be administred in this Disease For they do not only provoke Urine but the Courses likewise by heating and attenuating the Humors contained in the Veins Yet are they allowed by all Authors and by Galen himself who used them in the Cure of the Wife of Boetius And the reason is Because Piss-drivers do provoke Urine Primarily and the Courses Secondarily and as it were by accident or chance Again the Kidneys do perpetually draw Wheyish Humors unto themselves whereas the Womb does only receive them whereupon it is credible that the greatest part of such Humors will have recourse into the waies of Urine Now the Piss-driver which Galen used in the foresaid Woman is a Decoction of Asarum and Smallage in fair Water howbeit it will be better temper'd if it be made in Succhory Water A more compounded Piss-driving Broth may be thus made Take the Roots of Asarum and of Smallage of each one ounce Leaves of Calaminth and Soldanella of each one handful Elder flowers half a handful Polypody and Carthamus seeds of each half an ounce boyl all to a pint Give five ounces of the Liquor or Broth strained in the morning If you would make it purgative add a little Agarick and a little Turbith boyled with the rest in a Rag. It 's questioned whether Issues in the Legs are good for this Disease for by drawing the Humors downwards they may decrease the Flux Howbeit experience hath shewed that they do good in old Fluxes because by such passages some part of the Excrementitious Humor is voided If Chollerick and sharp Humors cause this Disease not only purgers of Choller are to be given but likewise Alteratives which cool and thicken and are moderately Astringent such as these Juleps following Take of the leaves of Succory with the
Yest works whereby the parts made for generation are vehemently stirred up and Inflamed with lustful desires And from the same Seminal matter so affected Vapors ascend unto the Brain which disturb the Rational Faculty and depose it from its throne Howbeit The Immoderate appetite of carnal Conjunction alone without the help of any such vapors is able of it self to master the Rational faculty as also al other Immoderate passions but especially Immoderate Love which is called Eroticus affectus or Love-Melancholly Now the Seed acquires the aforesaid qualities when it is over long retained in Bodies prone to lust and full of heat and therefore this Disease is incident to Virgins and young Widows peculiarly although it may also betide married Women that have impotent Husbands or such as they do not much affect whereby their Seminary Vessels are not sufficiently disburthened or their amorous affections duly satisfied Some hold That the Seed being corrupted acquires a malignant quality which causes these grievous Symptoms But they are not wel able so holding to shew any difference between this Disease and fits of the Mother which arise from the Seed being corrupted and thereby infected with a malignant quality For although several degrees of putrefaction do produce different degrees of malignity from whence a great variety of Symptoms are wont to arise yet these manifest qualities aforesaid viz. great plenty of Seed it 's heat Acrimony and Fermentation in excess together with the great heat of the genital parts are sufficient to produce this Disease we treat of Now the Causes producing so hot plentiful and sharp stinging Seed are youthful age Sanguine complexion and Cholerick or melancholly adust meats that nourish much a plentiful table especially if the meats be spiced the frequent smel of Spices Musk Amber-greece and such like large sleeping and upon soft beds filled with Feathers or down amorous Courtings reading of lascivious Books Dancings and other pleasures usual in the meetings of youthful persons The Signes of this Disease may easily be gathered out of what hath been already said But because it is wont to discover it self gradually by little and little it is sit to relate it's progress In the beginning whilst the sick persons do yet enjoy their understanding they are more sad and silent than ordinary but with a wanton rowling of their Eyes and a ruddyness of countenance which ruddiness is sometime more then at others especially when mention is made of matters belonging to bodily lust for then their breathing is changed and their Pulse too by Sympathy of the Heart which made Galen boast that he knew the furious lusts of Women by their Pulse because such Lovers do of a sudden undergo divers changes of their Pulse when desirable objects are presented unto them or brought into their remembrance Afterwards when the Disease is exasperated they begin to scold and to weep and ever and anon they fall a laughing they speak many things without rime or reason unadvisedly out of which no certain sence can be gathered a while after they repent of this their folly until another fit take them by reason of the inordinate motion of the peccant matter which observes no certain period in it's Fermentations Women possessed with this kind of dotage when the Disease is come to it's height do openly before all the world ask men to lie with them expressing the actions of Generation in the most proper and broadest language their mother tongue affords As for the Prognosticks of this Disease It is a curable sickness if meanes be used in time But if it continue long and take firm rooting it turns into a true and perfect Madness There is a great hope of Recovery when the distances between the fits begin to be longer than ordinary or when the Patients Body being grown lean becometh fat again and when mention of matters pertaining to Generation doth no longer affect or disturb them The Cure of this Disease tends to correct the hot distemper of the Bowels especially of the Womb and the Blood and Seed likewise to evacuate the sharp Humors and Seminal matter offending All which may be done by the following Remedies And in the first place Blood must be often drawn as far as the Patients strength can bear that so the whol Mass of Blood and the Womb it self may be cooled and the fervent Blood may be withdrawn from the Veins of the Womb. And if the Patients monthly Courses be stopt the inferior Veins are afterwards to be opened that they may by that means be brought down But if the Blood seems to have recourse to the Hemorrhoid Veins which is known by their swelling and redness the said Veins are to be opened by Application of Leeches Afterwards a Purgation is to be given made of the gentler sort of Medicines purging Choller or Melancholly according as the one or other Humor shal seem to abound This purgation is to be followed by Juleps that prepare the matter offending Viz. such as cool and gently open which must be given three daies together Then a more strong purgation is to be administred which may wholy extirpate the foresaid humors To which intent these Purging Medicaments may be used which was set down in our Cure of Madness which must be now and then repeated After iterated Purgations the following Bath being frequently used in the whol course of the disease will be very usefull to cool the whol Bodie and temper the fervor of the peccant Humour Take Leaves of Lettice Willow-tree Water-lillies Vine-tree Purslain Penny-wort of each a handful Flowers of Violet Water-lilly and Roses of each two handfulls Boyle all for a Bath into which Blood-warm let the Patient enter twice in a day without sweating far from meal-tide And forasmuch as a compleat and entire Bathing cannot conveniently be continued for so many daies together at least the Patient may Bath her lower parts frequently in a part of the aforesaid Decoction yea or of meer Water and the liquor must be only warmish For the prime intention of this Cure is that the Womb may be cooled to the purpose which is confirmed by a remarkable Experiment propounded by Dr. Harvey in his Treatise of the Child-bearing of a noble Lady who had been more than ten yeers beside her self by reason of this Womb-fury whose Womb after all things had been tried to reduce her to her wits in vain fell out which they did not put up til the coldness of the external Air had healed its distemper the event was as the Doctor imagin'd and she grew quickly well and her Womb was at last restored to its proper place For the greater cooling of the Body it may be convenient to give the Patient Whey to drink many daies together And to be brief Whatever hath been prescribed in our Cures of Madness and Hypochondriacal Melancholly will be good in this Disease according as it shal be caused either by Choller or Melancholly Unto all which may be added such things
cause and are to be cured by the self same Medicines so that the aforesaid Authors are fain to repeat the same things over and over in several Chapters not without much weariness to the Reader We therefore That we may more briefly and methodically set down the Nature of all these infirmities think it worth our labor first to set down the universal Causes of them all and afterwards to declare how those Diseases arise from the said Causes We have shewed in the beginning of this Chapter that there are two special Causes of all these Symptoms viz. the Womans Seed and the Menstrual Blood being retained beside the intent of Nature and corrupted and possessed of a malignant and venemous quality out of which malignant Vapors do arise and afflict divers parts of the Body Unto which Doctrine generally propounded two other things of greatest moment must be added viz. First That not only the Seed and menstrual Blood do produce Hysterical or Womb-sicknesses but divers Humors also of an excrementitious Nature flowing into the VVomb and by a long abiding growing putrefied and sending out filthy Vapors This is verfied by many Ancient VVomen who being destitute of menstrual Blood and of Seed are yet very much subject to these VVomb-sicknesses or Hysterical passions Secondly that not only vapors arising out of the aforesaid substances are causes of these distempers but the very Humors themselves are a cause which finding no free vent by the Veins of the Womb into which as a Common-shore Nature disburthens superfluous Humors by reason of the stoppage of the Monthly Courses or of the Whites they flow back again into the superior parts of the Body and doe infect the said parts with that vitious quality which they have contracted by their long abiding in the Vessels of the Womb or by their mixture with Seed or Menstrual Blood corrupted These Foundations being thus laid down let us see how Hysterical Symptomes are stirred up by the Causes aforesaid beginning with the Suffocation or strangling fits of the Mother which is the most frequent and principal Sickness of these kind of Women being accompanied with very many and those most grievous Symptomes For besides their breathing impaired and somtimes abolished their whol Body becomes cold their Speech and Pulse is intercepted so that they lie like dead Women and some have been accounted dead and laid out for Burial and yet afterward Revived Now this Sickness comes by fits which makes their returns somtimes sooner somtimes later and endure somtimes a longer somtimes a shorter time according to the quantity of the Humor offending which is somtimes quickly collected and somtimes long in gathering somtimes soon discussed and somtimes long before it can be discust For such like Causes of Diseases in the Body of Man have their times of digestion and exaltation which having arrived unto they do suddenly and as it were in a moment break forth into action Yea and such Humors being already collected in the Body may for a season lie hid until being stirred by some internal or external Cause they shed forth their poysonous blasts and vapors into other parts of the Body Now the most frequent and noted Caused of this Commotion and Agitation of these Humors are sweet smelling things coming neer the Patients Nose or sweet Meats taken in which quickly bring Women subject to this Insirmity into their fits also vehement Anger Terror and other grievous Passions of the Mind Now there are divers Degrees of this Sickness according as the Matter offending differs in Quantity or Malignity For somtimes the Choaking-fits with want of breathing are light and soon go over somtimes it is extream so that the Patient breaths not at all and is attended with other Hysterical or Womb-sicknesses such as Vomitings Ravings Convulsions and Swoonings or Faintings away And for the most part more grievous Symptomes do arise from corrupted Seed than from Menstrual Blood or other corrupted Humors For look how much Seed retaining its Natural Disposition is of a more excellent Nature than Menstrual Blood by so much does it degenerate when corrupted into a greater or worser kind of Venom or Poyson There are likewise other Differences of this Choaking Mother-sickness to be observed viz. That somtimes the Patients have their Breath stopt as it were somtimes they complain that they are choaked as it were with a Rope that strangled them and somtimes their breathing is much abated or abolished without any pain or sence of strangling The Reason of which diversity is this That the simple Suffocation and difficulty of breathing do arise from abundance of Vapors which do somtimes very much abound in Hysterical or Womb-sick Women especially when the Hysterical Passion and Hypochondriacal Melancholly are joyned together Which Vapors or Winds do compress the Midrif and Lungs as it is wont to fall out in the windy Asthma but the sence of choaking in which the Patient feels her self as it were strangled in her Throat depends upon a special property of the venemous Vapor as there are other Poysons in the greater World which have such a property of throatleing and choaking as is known of one sort of Mushroms And that the venemous qualities bred in Hysterical Women are divers Galen does sufficiently hint in his sixt Book of the parts affected Chap. 5. where he compares the malignity of this Vapor to the venom of the Fish Torpedo and to the sting of a Scoâ—pion which Poysons though in quantity they are smal in operation they are mighty and being received into mans Body they do in a short space of time grievously afflict the same and produce therein most vehement Symptomes As for Respiration diminished or abolished it is caused by the said Vapors being endued with a Narcotick or Stupefactive power which being mighty contrary unto the Heart and Vital Spirits their action is thereby hindered whence follows a cooling of the whol Body through defect of that Spirit which should flow from the Heart and a cessation of Respiration because there is now no need thereof For seeing that drawing of Breath is necessary to cool our Hearts when the Heart is extreamly cooled by the venemous Vapors aforesaid it needs none of that cooling which is caused by drawing in the Air and so breathing ceases because there is no use thereof We may also say That the said venemous and stupefying vapor does assault the Brain and hinder the Influx of the Animal Spirits whereby the motion of the Midrif and the Muscles serving for respiration is hindered ad hereunto That the Vital Spirits being destroyed the Animal Spirits which are made of the Vital must needs be destroyed likewise In the place before alleaged Galen resolves a Doubt which is this That seeing it is generally held that a man cannot live without breathing therefore it is impossible that Hysterical persons should in their fits be quite deprived of breathing To which he answers That in an extream cooling of the Heart there is no need of
somtime it possesses the whol Head otherwhiles the forepart and then again the hinder part thereof and sometimes it is felt about the Eyes in such manner as if the Patients Eyes would leap out of her Head Now these pains are caused by the aforesaid sharp and malignant Vapors mounting into the Head and twitching as it were or grating upon these Membranous parts Also evil humors brought from the womb to the Head may cause the said pains For vitious Blood especially the more thin and wheyish part thereof ascends from the womb into the Head and being shed into the Membranous parts breâ—ds those pains VVhich pains are somtimes pricking smarting and sore as an Ulcer by reason of the sharpness of the Vapors or Humors ascending Sometimes they are stretching as it were and swelling because of the plenty and multiplicity which discend and stretch Somtimes they are pulsatory pain beating like the Pulse when the Vapors or Humors are carried thither in the Arteries or when the Arteries of some peculiar part of the Head are filled with over hot Blood The Falling-sickness springs from the womb being caused by the aforesaid sharp and malignant Vapors which being possessed with a very great Acrimony and malignity do vehemently and sharply smite the Nervous parts whereby they come to be contracted and whilst they endeavor to expel what offends them they draw themselves together and express these convulsive mocions Palpitation of the Heart is often caused by the said Vapors being carried from the womb to the Heart and provoking the expulsive faculty to the Heart Also a Pulsation is caused in the Arteries of the Back and about the short Ribs by reason of an over hot Blood carried from the womb into those Arteries and distending them whereby their Pulsation becomes greater which smiting the adjacent parts causes a feeling of the said Pulsation in them Yet somtimes such Pulsations are caused in Hypochondriacal melancholly which when we come to the Signs of this Disease we shal distinguish Divers disorders are likewise raised from the womb in the stomach liver and spleeâ— from the stomach disorders arise as appetite lost or more than is fit or desirous of absurd things or Hiccoughs Vomitings Belchings Heart-burnings al which Symptoms do spring from the aforesaid vapors sent into the stomach by the Hypogastrick and Caeliack arteries or other blind passages those vapors do stir up this variety of Symptoms according to the diversity of their Nature and the different degrees of their putrefaction and malignity For by their heat they cause want of appetite and thirst but if they be cold they hurt digestion And the coveting of absurd things as Chalk Oat-meal Smalcoles Linsey-Wolâ—ey cloth c. is caused by the malignant quality of the Humors and Vapors as we have shewed in our Discouse touching that Symptom and according to the different kind of malignity it comes to pass that the Patients appetite inclines her too long for this or that od thing as some for Coales others for Clay or Morter Salt Cinnamon Nutmegs c. And from a certain kind of malignity springs likewise the loathing of some certain meats and which is more wonderful in some hath been observed an universal loathing of al kind of Drink as Ludovicus Mercatus relates concerning a noble Gentlewoman which would not away with any Drink and of another who though she desired Drink yet did she Vomit it al up again being likewise vexed with other grievous Symptoms Where we may conjecture that the evil Humors in that Gentlewoman had attained such a kind of malignity as that is which causes Water-Fear in such as have been bitten with a Mad-dog It is notwithstanding undeniable that the diversity of parts into which these Humors and malignant Vapors are carried conduce not a little to the variety of the Symptoms For If they are carried unto the mouth of the Stomach they stir up Belchings and Vomitings if they stick to the Coates of the Stomach they induce perpetual inclinations to Vomit if they are endued with any singular Acrimony they cause Hiccoughs or pains of the Stomach which pains may also arise from the plenty of Humors weighing heavy upon and stretching the parts containing The Liver is easily offended by menstrual Blood retained and by the Veins â—lowing back thereinto hence springs the Green-sickness by reason of bad Blood flowing from the Womb into the Liver and from the Liver shed abroad into the whol Body Hence come Swellings Feavers and other Diseases very many in the whol Body and several parts thereof forasmuch as all of them are nourished by the Liver But if the vitious Blood aforesaid do flow back from the Womb unto the Spleen Swellings Stoppings and melanchollick and Hypochondriacal Diseases are wont to be raised And To conclude Women feel divers kinds of pains in their Loyns Thighs and other parts which arise from filthy Humors and Vapors conveighed from the Womb into the said parts Al which Symptoms taking rise from the Womb shal be distinguished from others which arise from other parts and are like them but produced from different causes in our following Description of the Signes of this Disease In the first place therefore Womb-sickness is known for the most part by what hath already been said of it For the fore recited Symptoms do appear therein not al in every one but some in one Patient some in another according to the differing condition of the Causes Now these Symtoms are Breathing depraved so as sometimes the Patient seems to be choaked other whiles her breathing is lessened or wholly taken away without any trouble or Sence of Suffocation Refrigeration or cooling of the whol Body and stopping or Interception of the Pulse somtimes also a taking away of Sence and motion somtimes Ravings Convulsions Swoonings Vomitings and Hiccoughs are joyned together But for a more clear Discovery of this Disease those Signs are first to be propounded which shew the Disease approaching such as have a noyse in their lower Belly first from the Navel downwards with belching or inclination to Vomit Wearinesses Yawnings and stretchings proceeding from a flatulent matter which begins to mount from the Womb into divers parts of the Body a sad Look pale Face caused by the drawing back of the Natural heat from those Parts to it's Fountains When the Disease gathers strength a sence of strangling begins to trouble the Patient as if they had swallowed some great morsel which stuck in their Throat Afterward their breathing stops and their Suffocation is increased And in conclusion al their Vital and Animal actions are depraved diminished or abolished Hence spring Ravings Convulsions and other grievous Symptoms In some the Womb is sensibly tossed and tumbled and gathered round like a Foot-bal and felt after that manner in divers parts of the lower part of the Body And when the Hysterical or Womb-Fit begins to go over a certain moisture flows out of the Water-gate their Guts rumble they lift up
of Assafoetida in a thin rag of cloth I have known some that have worn a Foxes Pizzle and Stones dried tied about their Neck in a string and resting upon their Navel and by that means preserved themselves from the womb-fits Some wear a piece of Wolfs flesh dried or of the Liver of a Wolf not without profit As for external Remedies after every Purge or at least once in a month eight or ten daies before the monthly Purgations of blood Fomentations or Baths to sit in will be good that the Humor causing this Disease being resolved may more easily find its way by the opened Passages of the Courses and flow out with them They may be made of the Roots of Marsh-mallows Briony Roots Orris Roots Madder Valerian Angelica Mugwort Leaves Nep Feverfew Bawm Bayberries and such like To discuss the remainders of the Matter causing the Disease and to strengthen the Womb after Fomentation or fitting in a Bath as aforesaid the following Plaister may be said on under the Navel Take Gum Tacamahacca and Caranna of each two drams Alipta Moschata half an ounce Agnus Castus seeds one dram and an half of each of the Sanders half a dram Turpentine Labdanum Wax of each as much as shall suffice to make a Plaister If this Disease arise from the Seed retained use those Remedies which we have formerly set down to quench and discuss Seed in our Cure of Womb-Fury Chap. 7. Of Inflamation of the Womb. INflamation of the Womb is a Tumor or swelling of that Part springing from blood that is shed into the substance thereof And the said Inflamation possesses either the whol Womb or some part thereof and it is produced either by pure blood and is called meerly Phlegmont an Inflamation or it comes from blood mingled with Choller and it is called Phlegmone erysipelatodes a chollerick Inflamation of kin to the Rose or St. Anthonies fire or it hath its original from blood mingled with flegm and is called Phlegmone oedematodes a flegmatick Inflamation or it comes from blood mingled with Melancholly and is called Phlegmone Scirrhodes which is a Melanchollick Inflamation or Swelling The Causes which produce or encrease this Disease may be divers viz. A Sanguine Constitution over loaded with blood or infected with choller a natural loosness of the womb w th wideness of the passages air extream hot inflaming the humors or very cold compacting knitting them together and so stopping the monthly Courses flowing or ready to flow vehement Exercise immoderate carnal Conjunctions a blow or fall lighting upon the Wombs Quarters Perturbations of Mind more violent than ordinary especially wrath acrimonious or sharp vehement meats of a hot nature and whatever else is taken in of a fretting and vehement operation as Authors report of Cantharides That they are very hurtful as well to the womb as the bladder sharp Pessaries long time used or purging Medicines or strong alteratives such as barren women are wont to take and rend from all quarters Retention of the Courses encreasing the over fulness of blood or over great flux of Courses relaxing the Passages and bringing the Humors from all the parts of the Body to the Womb likewise Cupping-glasâ—es fastened about the privy parts may violently draw the blood and humors unto the Region of the Womb and there detain them Laborsom Child-birth may cause as much Abortion a violent handling of the parts of Generation by an unskilful Midwise and a troublesom inconvenienâ— bearing of a Child in the Womb. The Signs to know the Disease by are Swelling Heat and Pain in the Region of the Womb with a continual Feaver But because the strait Gut that is that which is united to the Dung-gate and the Bladder do lodg in the same quarters with the Womb therfore must we distinguish this Disease by other signs such are Suppression or diminution of the Courses and their paleness or yellowish citrine color with pain in their coming forth and in the absence of the Courses certain stinking and rotten stuff sweats through the Vessels of the Womb and bedews the VVater-Gate Whereinto if search be made it will plainly discover the Disease for the inner mouth of the womb will be sound to swell to be drawn inwards and subject to pain if touched the neck of the womb will appear red and inflamed the Veins dispersed there-through strutting with blood If the whol Womb be inflamed all Symptomes will be more vehement If the Inflamation be rather in the neck of the womb the heat and pain is spread most towards the Groyns and the Water-Gate If the former side of the womb do suffer the Bladders fellow-seeing wil be the greater If the hinder side of the Womb be inflamed the strait Gut will be more compassionate and the pain wil stretch itself towards the Loyns If the right or left side of the womb be inflamed the heat and pain wil appear most about the one Groyn and the Thigh of the same side wil be heavy and as it were in a sort burdened The Signs of the Causes are these If the Inflamation spring from pure blood al the Symptomes are milder but if there be Choller mingled therewith the Feaver is more burning and al the Symptomes are more vehement but if the blood be Flegmatick or Melanchollick the Feaver wil be less acute but the Disease more lasting and more stubborn And here we are to consider such Signs as may inform us what Humor is most predominant in the whol Body If the Inflamation turn to an Imposthume and gather Matter the pain and Feaver are encreased and shaking sits come without any certain course yet commonly they take their turn about Evening And al the other Symptomes are heightened When Suppression is accomplished al the Symptomes are mitigated and Swelling rises higher whereby somtimes the Excrement of the Guts or Urine is stopped But if the Inflamation be discussed without Suppuration the Swelling lessens and the Symptomes becomes gentler If it turn to a Scirrhus that is hard swelling the Feaver Pain and other Symptomes are diminished the Swelling abides becomes harder likewise the weight and heaviness remain both in the womb and the adjacent parts so that the Patient can hardly stir her self A good Prognostick cannot be made of this Disease because it is very dangerous and for the most part deadly But more or less danger is threatened according to the greatness of the Disease its Causes and Symptomes as thus If the Inflamation possess the whol Womb it s a desperate Disease but if only a part be inflamed there is some hope of help If a VVoman with Child have a Chollerick swelling in her womb its deadly Hipp. Aphor. 43. Sect. 5. For the Child dies by reason of the greatness of the Inflamation whereupon follows Abortion which coming upon the back of a grievous disease kils the Mother Galen in his Comments upon this Aphorism doubts if this be not true of every Inflamation of the womb as well as
It is caused by black Choller gathered in that part or by reason of a Scirrhus or senceless hard tumor il cured which easily turns into a Cancer especially in this part of the Body by reason of the copious afflux of blood which being retained in those Veins which are nigh unto the Scirrhus and not sufficiently evacuated by the monthly purgations it becomes adust or burned and acquires a malignant disposition It is ordinarily reckoned to be of two sorts Ulcerate and not Ulcerate So long as the Morbifick matter is of lesser Acrimony and Malignity it causeth a Cancer not ulcerated but when it grows more sharp by putrefaction or adustion it doth exulcerate the tumor and produce an ulcerated Cancer The Disease may easily be known by the definition propounded for if an hard Tumor resisting the touch be felt in the Body of the Womb or its Neck causing a pricking and cutting pain we may pronounce boldly that it is a Cancer Yet it is more evidently distinguished by the eye-sight when it may be seen as in the Neck of the Womb it may be with help of a Womb-perspective Instrument for we shal see an uneven and bunching swelling Lead-colored or black compassed about with certain branches of Veins as it were with roots but if it be ulcerated it sends forth a certain blood-watry quittor or matter which is yellow or black and stinking and somtimes blood by corrosion of the Veins which pass through that part somtimes in such quantity that the Patient incurs danger of death Hereunto is added a smal Feaver unquietness Stomach-sickness an heat in and about the Water-Gate c. By way of Prognostication we can only say thus much That a Cancer is incurable be it ulcerated or not ulcerated Which as it is true of al Cancers not excepting those in the outer parts of the Body much more is it of a Cancer in the Womb by reason of that perpetual Common-shore of Excrements which flows into the part Seeing then a perfect Cure cannot be hoped for we must content our selves with such a Cure as is called Palliative The scope whereof is to hinder a not ulcerated Cancer from ulcerating and an exulcerated Cancer from becoming more exulcerate and in both to allay and temper the extremity of the pain Which must be done first by universal Purgations of the whol Body and by other Medicines which may qualifie and evacuate the black Chollerick and Melanchollick blood and hinder the further generation thereof In the number of which are bleeding in the Arm Anckle and Hemorrhoid Veins Potions Apozems Juleps Broths Milk Whey cold Mineral Waters and such like Remedies as these usually prescribed by Practitioners for the Cure of al Cancers in what part of the Body soever And especially Purgations must be frequently reiterated that the antecedent matter of a Cancer may be abated And then outward Remedies are to be used such as are moderately cool and astringent without any corrosive or biting quality they are commonly applied in form of Liniments or Oyntments The best are made after this manner Take Oyl of Myrtles and Roses of each two ounces Juyce of Nightshade and Housleek of each one ounce Stir all together in a Leaden Morter with a Leaden Pestle until they grow black then add Litharge of Silver and Ceruss both washed in Scabious Water of each two drams Camphire ten grains Make all into an Oyntment with which let the part affected be smeared three or four times a day Or Take Oyl of Egg-yolks and of Roses of each one ounce and an half Sugar of Lead one dram Stir them together in a Leaden morter till their color change This following puts down al the rest wherewith Swellings of the Dugs which have been accounted Cancerous have been perfectly cured Take Egg-yolks Oyl two ounces Juyce of Nightshade and Veronica or Housleek of each half an ounce Quick-silver not killed two drams Stir them lustily together in a leaden morter with a leaden pestle till they become thick as an Oyntment The foresaid Oyntments are to be conveyed into the womb upon long tents or upon wax Candles wound in Linnen But Injections may much more easily be conveyed into the Womb. They are compounded on this manner Take Barley Water half a pint Nightshade and Plantane Water of each two ounces Water of Housleek one ounce white Troches of Rhasis two drams Sugar of Lead one dram Make of 〈◊〉 In section 〈◊〉 in be very vehement add to four ounces of the Injection one ounce of Syrup of Poppies Also let the part affected be fomented with the waters of Plantane and Nightshade or their Decoctions whereunto may be added the Leaves of Water-lilly white Poppy red Roses and Camphire Which Decoction may also frequently be injected into the womb and it wil become much more effectual if it shal be wel wrought about in a Leaden morter or a dram of the Sugar of Lead be added to it Among Specifick Remedies Frogs are commended being washed and boyled and laid on as a Pultiss or their Broth being used as an Injection Also the Decoction or juyce of River Crabs iâ—â—ected into the womb As also Herb Robert used inwardly or outwardly If the Cancer be ulcerated the Dose of Minerals must be augmented in the foresaid Liniments and to them the ashes of River Crabs may profitably be added And with the Injections the white Troches of Rhasis may be mingled and Barley Water with the Materials of the foresaid Injection If pain be very urgent Fomentations of Mallows Marsh-mallows Water-Lillies Poppy Henbane Green Coriander Dil Fleawort seeds Milk Saffron and the like are to be used at convenient seasons or Pultisses made of them are to be applied And of their Decoctions Injections and Baths to sit in may be provided Yet wil not al these Medicaments somtimes serve turn to pacifie a most cruel pain which somtimes gives the Patient neither rest nor sleep Which compels us many times to make use of Narcotick or stupefactive Medicines which in this Disease by reason of the exceeding Heat of the Humors do less hurt And I have seen a woman having a Cancer in her Dug that took every night for four months together two or three grains of Laudanum and had no hurt but very great comfort thereby If from an ulcerated Cancer much blood do proceed as it often fals out let Juyce of Plantane with a little Frankinsence be injected into the womb Chap. 11. Of Mortification or Gangrenation and Sphacelation or Blasting of the Womb. A Gangrene is the corruption or mortification of a part beginning but when it is wholly corrupted and dead it is said to be Sphacelated or blasted In the Genital parts of Women this Disease is easily bred because those parts are moister and softer than ordinary and do easily receive the Excrements of the whol Body It often follows an Inflamation Imposthume Ulcer or Cancer il cured when the vital heat of the part is choaked or destroyed It is choaked in
Navel the Privy parts the space between the Privity Fundament with the Loynes will be seen to swell with a Phlematick kind of Swelling To the Third Question we answer thus If there be apparent tokens of the whol Bodies being misaffected as by acute or long feavers immoderate fluxes of blood grievous distillations from the Head Weaknesses of the stomach swellings of the Spleen or Liver and other stubborn Diseases of those parts with which the Wombes Dropsie began encreasing as they encreased it will be more than an even lay that the Womb receives the matter of it's Dropsie from those parts by way of a flux of Rhewm But if this Womb-swelling happen when the whol Body is in good health and do succeed particular diseases of the Womb such as are hard Travels in Child-birth Suppressions of the monthly courses or over great flux thereof Ulcers Chollerick or Melancholick or hard Tumors we may conjecture that the Wombes-Dropsie doth depend upon those particular dispositions and that the matter causing the said Tumor is gathered together in the Womb it self by means of its inability perfectly to digest and assimilate its nutriments To the fourth Question we may Answer by saying That the Matter which is contained in the cavity of the Womb doth make a much larger Swelling than when it is contained in bladders Again when it proceeds from a wheyish humor a greater fluctuation of the water is perceived than when it is contained in bladders And if so be little bladders full of water be voided out of the Womb it 's a most certaine sign that the Humour is contained in the little bladders To the first Question we must Answer that the Wombs-Dropsie is Differenced from Tumors of blood or Choller arising in the Womb because in such Tumors or Swellings there is a feaver and a pain which is encreased by the least touch also the Inflamation reaching even to the parts of Generation And it is distinguished from Scirrhous and Cancerous Swellings because in it there is no such great Hardness which can resist the impression of the Finger but it rather gives way and pitts To the Sixth Quaere wee say When a woman is big with Child the Swelling is not so even and depressed but it is sharp buncheth out and seems greater about the navel than elswhere Secondly In Greatness with Child after some months women are for the most part somwhat better than they were because the Child grown big consumes the greater part of those humors which in the first months were burdensome But the Dropsie the further it proceeds the worse it growes Thirdly In greatness with Child the child is manifestly perceived to stir after the third or fourth month which is not in the VVomb-Dropsie Yet it falls out somtimes that when the Dropsie is caused by wind a certain Palpitation is preceived in the VVomb but it is easily distinguished from the moving of a Child which is more even and is wont to be perceived in divers parts of the Belly Fourthly In Greatness of Child the womans Duggs swell but in the Dropsie they are extenuated and become smaller To the seventh Quaere we Answer that in a Mole women find a kind of Heaviness in their VVombs which they feel not in the VVomb-Dropsie and when they lie on the one of their sides they perceive the weight to roul like a stone to that side Again in the Mole violent flux of Courses comes by fits namely every third or fourth month which happens not in the VVomb-Dropsie Lastly in case of a Mole the Duggs swell and somtimes have milk in the VVomb-Dropsie quite Contrary As touching the Prognosticks of this Disease A simple Inflation or puffing up of the womb with wind because it lasts not is without danger Yet if not quickly cured it may grow to a true Dropsie A Womb-Dropsie caused by a good conditioned Humor void of putrefaction is wont to proue a long Disease yet may it in process of time be cured yea somtimes the water flows of its own accord out of the womb and the Patient recovers her health But if the Humor be malignant sharp or putrid which is known by the grievous Symptomes following the Disease is dangerous and for the most part deadly For if the Disease depend upon some private Disease of the Womb it betokens a perfect ruine of the natural Functions of that part whence follows at last an universal Dropsie of the whol Body But if the Womb suffer by consent of other parts viz. of the Liver Spleen or Stomach the Mischief wil be the greater and ruine is thereby threatned to the whol Body Hence it was well said of Aetius Such as is a womans womb such for the most part is the rest of her body If wind or water be contained in the Cavity of the womb it is more easily cured than if it be shut within little skins or bladders The Cure of this Disease is performed almost by the same Remedies which have been propounded to cure the Dropsie and Green-sickness Whereunto some things more properly belonging to this disease must be added And in the first place concerning Blood-letting In the Disease being new proceeding from a suppression of the Courses and from some Plenitude still appearing blood-letting may be convenient otherwise it wil hurt seeing natural heat is exceedingly weakened and diminished and stubborn Obstructions caused by a cold Humor do cause fear of an Universal Dropsie But Purging is altogether necessary and must be often reiterated as we ordered in the forenamed Diseases After sufficient Purgation Openers Diureticks and such things as move the Courses are to be given such as are described in the places aforesaid Unto which these following may be added Take Roots of Smallage and of Madder of each half an ounce the Leaves of Savin Feaverfew Penyroyal of each one pugil Carrots seeds one dram Boyl all in the Broth of a yong Pidgeon and let her drink the strained Liquor divers daies together Before she drink of the Broth let her swallow one of the following Pills Take of the best Castoreum Mirrh Madder of each half a dram Saffron twenty grains With Juyce of Lemmons make all into nine Pills After which Medicaments the Patient must exercise her self stoutly by which means not only the Excrements bred in the Bowels and the whol compass of the Body may by assistance of Heat be dissipated but all which is contained in the womb may be voided out the bladders being broken by violence of the Exercise If the woman do easily vomit somthing may be profitably given her twice in a week to that end by which means not only the Humors which were wont to flow unto the womb will be recalled and brought forth but the foresaid bladders sticking in the womb and somtime containing a watry Humor happily may be broken by the vehement motion and agitation whereupon the Humor offending wil be voided To discuss the said Humor contained in the womb the following
which are transcribed word for word by Schenkius and Sennertus in their proper Chapters where they are to be seen Chap. 14. Of the Womb shut up or Imperforated VIrgins that have their Wombs closed up are said to be imperforated or unboared like a Barrel of Beer that hath no hole to put in a Spigot Now this Closure of the Womb is wont to be in three places viz. In the inner Mouth of the Womb in its Neck and in the outward mouth of the Womb next the Water-Gate And it is caused either in the first formation of the Infant when some Membrane is drawn before the mouth of the Womb or its neck or by some precedent wound or ulcer which growing whol again the parts of the neck of the womb or its lips come to be closed together or by tumors shutting or stopping up the inner Orifice or by some compression streightness or distortion which hinders the mans Yard and Seed from going in and the Monthly Purgations from coming out This Disease is in part easie and in part hard to be known If the closure or stoppage be in the outward Orifice of the Privity it is discerned by seeing feeling But if it be in the Neck or Mouth of the Womb it is not discerned til the courses begin to break out or til the parties begin to addict themselves to generation For when the time of their monthly Purgations is come pains and gripings arâ— felt in the Region of the Womb at certain periods of times with a sence of weight yet no flux of Courses follows the Conjecture wil be more probable if the Virgin be of a good habit of Body not troubled with any Obstructions or Cachectick dispositions The Disease persevering their wombs swel so that Maidens seem to be with Child and somtime their whol Body swels which likewise seems as it were black and blew through the abundance of blood But if the closure do possess the neck of the womb it is perceived in the first Carnal Conjunctions because it doth not admit the Mans Yard Lastly Iâ— the Closure be in the Orifice or Mouth of the Womb it is hardly discerned yet may it be in some measure perceived by the hand of a skilful Midwife and it gives some suspition thereof when the mans seed doth presently slip away as soon as it is castin As for the Proguostick If the Closure be in the Orifice of the Privity it is easily cured being opened by a slight Section But if it be in the inner parts it is much harder to cure When the Passage is stopped with a Membrane it s more easily cured but when the closure is caused by a fleshy matter as it happens after Ulcers the Cure is more difficult The Closure of the inner Orifice of the Womb is incurable because the Instruments of Chyrurgiry cannot be applied to open the same The Cure of this Disease because it belongs chiefly to Chyrurgiry we shall dispatch in few words If the Closure of the Womb have been caused in the first formation it is to be opened by cutting only The manner of which cutting is largely described by Sennertus in its proper Chapter But if the Closure have been occasioned by reason of an Ulcer as it happens in the Whores Pox it is to be considered whether it be only an excrescence of flesh not wholly stopping the passage or a perfect and entire growing together of the sides of the neck or of the lips For if flesh only be grown up endeavor must be used convenient Evacuations being premised first to prohibit the encrease of that flesh by drying and discussing Medicaments then to diminish the said flesh by Medicines of Frankincense Birthwort Bark of Frankincense Roses Balaustines Mastich Mirrh Aloes and such like Which not doing the deed we must come unto such flesh-consumers as are least painful as burnt Allum Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and such like And at last if this wil not consume the flesh it must be cut off round about with the same Instrument where with the superfluous flesh breeding in the Nose called Polypus is wont to be cut off But if the neck of the womb be wholly grown together we must try to renew the Ulcer and with the foresaid Medicaments to remove the superfluous flesh And if that cannot be we must undertake to cut it in the very self same manner as we are wont to cure the natural coalition of the neck of the womb If the passage of the womb be shut up by some tumor proper Remedies are to be appointed thereunto such as have been propounded in the Inflamation Scirrhus and Cancer of the womb If it be caused by compression of the neck of the womb or of the inner mouth therof the compressing cause is to be taken away which may be divers viz. A Stone in the Bladder a Swelling in the streight Gut Fatness of the Caul the Legs or Thighs distorted and going asplay the Cure of which accâ—dents see in their proper place In streightness of the Paâ—â—age which is chiefly caused by hardness or dryness we must work with things moisteâ—ing emollient and laxâ—tive with Baths to sit in Fomentations Liniments and Pessaries and so when the part is relaxeâ— a little pipe of Lead may be put in or of white wax artificially contrived and meared with Butter or some emollient Oyl which let her alwaies carry or at leâ—â—t in the night when she goes to bed and in the day time let a Pessary conveniently made of Cotton be put in the place being smeared with Oyntment of Marsh-mallows or such like In Distortion the same Method of Cure very neer is to be observed and let the pipe be so framed that it may gently bow the contrary way to the distortion and so the neck of the womb may by little and little be reduced to its due place Chap. 15. Of Barrenness THis word Barrenness or Sterility is not in this place taken in so strict a sence as to signifie only a total defect and perfect abolition of Conception but in a large and ample signification so as to comprehend all kind of impotency and every impediment of Conception namely When a woman at such aâ— age in which she ought naturally to be capable of Conception and using the company of a man doth not conceive And this defect is termed Agonia or Atecnia that is Inability to conceive or bear children And this Barrenness or Impotency of Conception is caused divers waies all which for cleerness sake we may reduce to four Heads according to those four Natural Operations which are required to perfect Conception The First of which is That the Woman in her Genial Embracements do conveniently receive the Mans Sperm into her Womb. The Second That she retain the same a convenient season The Third That she cherish and preserve the same in her Womb The Fourth That she afford fitting Materials to form the Embryo or first Conception and duly to augment the same as need shall
nourish the Infant in the Womb. Or if it be an acute Disease without a Feaver as the Falling-sickness Apoplexy Universal Convulsion of the whol Body the Mother and Infant cannot withstand the violence of the Disease neither can they bear such strong Medicines as are requisite to the Cure of those Diseases Yet we must know that this Prognostick is not perpetually true For we know by the Testimonies and Examples in Authors and by dayly Experience that many women with Child having acute Diseases escape with their lives But Chronical or lingering Diseases as Intermitting Agues Catarrhs Tenesmus c. do threaten Abortion and if they cause it not they can hardly be cured before the woman be brought to bed but do keep her company till she lie down Diseases Acute and Chronical in the first and last months are more dangerous than in the intermediate months For in the first months the bands wherewith the Infant is fastened to the Womb are weak so as they may easily be broken and the tender Infant is more easily over pressed with those preternatural Causes But in the last months namely the sixth seventh and eighth the Child being grown greater requires much nourishment which in these Diseases it is deprived of Also the foresaid bands do not stick so fast as in the third fourth and fifth months in which there is less danger of Abortion Therefore Galen doth excellently compare the Child in the Womb to Fruits hanging on a Tree which upon their first growing out have very tender stalks so that they may be easily shaken off with the wind or any other violent commotion and when they are neer ripe they hang not so fast upon the bough as in the intermediate spaces they did Likewise the Cure of the foresaid Diseases in women with child doth remarkably differ as touching their Diet and those two grand Remedies Blood-letting and purging whereunto we may ad Medicaments which evacuate by other waies viz. Such as move the Courie Piss-drivers and Sweat-drivers because it is feared lest by these evacuations abortion may be caused of these therefore we shall only treat at present referring what else belongs to the Cure of these Diseases to the proper Chapters where such respective Diseases are handled As for Matter of Diet it is not to women with Child in Acute Diseases to be enjoyned so spare lest the little Infant be famished neither is it to be allowed so liberal that the Feaver should be thereby strengthened but we must steer a middle course with this Caution That in the first months of their Belly-burden a thin Diet be enjoyned and in the latter somwhat more solid and plentiful because the Child doth then stand in need of more nourishment Yet if there must needs be some error in Diet it is better to err in keeping too full than too slender diet for recovery is chiefly to be expected from the strength of the Mother and the Child Touching bleeding that Aphorism of Hippocrates viz. the 31. of Sect. 5. is presently brought in opposition where he saies If a woman with child be let blood she miscarries especially if the child be grown And Galen renders the Reason in his Comment Because the Blood being let out the Infant wants its nourishment whence follows Abortion On the other side daily Experience shews That in very many Diseases of big-bellyed women especially acute diseases as the Pleurisie Inflamation of the Lungs continual Feavers and such like blood-letting is necessary and may be administred not only in the first but also in the middle months and somtimes in the last months of a womans Belly-bearing Which if it be omitted both Mother and Child are in great danger of death And to this latter Opinion the elder Physitians assent not dissenting from the Mind of Galen and Hippocrates by so doing For therefore it is they held a woman would miscarry if being with Child she were let blood because blood being taken away the Child would want its Nourishment So that if blood may so be taken away as that the Infant shall not want its nourishment there wil be no danger of Abortion thereby Now so the case may stand As first In the first Months of a Womans Belly-bearing while the Infant in the womb is little and wants but little Nourishment for then its Nourishment by bleeding will not be drawn away especially if certain signs of superfluity of blood be apparent in the Mother So that from the first month to the fift blood-letting may be safely practised But in the middle and last Months greater circumspection is to be used because the Child being greater and wanting more Nourishment cannot so safely admit of Phlebotomy Howbeit if the Woman abound with blood and a smal quantity be taken away she may safely be let blood because hereby the Disease will be allaied neither wil so much Nutriment be there by withdrawn from the Child as to cause Abortion But if it seem that Hippocrates thought otherwise let us consider that we let blood after a far other fashion than the Antients did they let blood by pounds and we by ounces The very truth is there is no better way to preserve women from Abortion than by blood-letting when it springs from overmuch blood strangling the Infant and overwhelming the same in such women as have been accustomed out of their time of being with child to have a plentiful flux of Courses for divers daies together Thus Petrus Salius Diversus in the 22. Chapter of his Book of particular Diseases I for my part protest quoth he that I have preserved many women from Abortion which they had often suffered only by letting them blood in the first months of their being big Neither would I have it thought that no other kind of blood-letting may be practised in childing women save that which is sparing or moderate For somtimes plentiful bleeding in the last month hath done very much good And I have somtimes experienced this plentiful Blood-letting in the last month when the women with Child were afflicted with a burning Feaver and were full of Blood hoping thereby an abatement of the Feaver and an hastening of the Birth both which I obtain'd by blood-letting and saved both child and mother in danger of death by this only Remedy Which being in some Patients omitted and neglected by Physitians minding more the words of Hippocrates than the matter it self hath been the cause that both child and mother hath miserably perished being strangled by the plenty and fer vency of blood So far Salius Amatus Lusitanus in the 57. Cure of his I. Section let a woman with child of eighteen yeers of age blood in the sixth month four times with happy succe she being in a burning Feaver And Rodericus a Castro in his third Book of Womens Diseaeases Chap. 21. writes that he let a woman of Lisbon blood who had a Pleurisie in the eight month and was given over for desperate by other Physitians four
times and no less one after another and she recovered and had a healthy Boy And to conclude If I may freely relate somwhat from mine own Experience I will set down the following History which is a rare one and worthy to be regarded The Wife of John Vicules Citizen of Montpelier had three miscarriages one after another at several times of her being with child When she was the fourth time with Child about the end of the second month she was taken with the same pains of her Belly and Loyns which had been the usual fore-runners of her former miscarriages I being called to her and considering she was a Sanguine Woman and full of Blood presently caused four ounces of blood to be taken from her and within half an hour the foresaid pains quite ceased and the Woman was so well that she would not use those other Medicines which I prescribed for her to prevent Abortion Now those Symptomes appeared in the self same time wherein she was wont to have her Courses when she was not with Child Again in the third month of her being with Child at the same period of time the same Symptomes return upon her She sending for me desires I would order her to be let blood seeing the month preceding she had found so sudden help thereby I consent and she is again let Blood with like good success as before In like manner in her fourth fifth sixth seventh and eighth months the same Symptomes returning in their just distances of time she was again let Blood and presently recovered The last of hâ—r â—leedings was but eight daies before the beginning of her ninth month with like profit 〈◊〉 before and about the end of the ninth month the said woman brought forth a living 〈◊〉 and Lusty Yet I would not have a young Physitian moved with these examples be too bold in letting women Blood in their last months of being with Child But the Nature of the Diseases and of the women raust be diligently considered that Medicaments may be conveniencly suited thereunto Allwaies remembring that sins of omission are lighter than sins of commission and that it is better in a doubtfull case to fall short than to outpass the due and fitting bounds Yet when he finds the evident indications of Blood-letting let him boldly draw Blood first enforming the by-standers or friends of the sick that there is more danger of abortion and of the death of Infant and Mother from the Cruellty of the disease than from Blood-letting and allwaies remembring that but little Blood be taken away that the Child may not miss of its nourishment And if plenty of Blood require a larget quantity to be taken away let it be done at divers times and not all at once Wherefore the foresaid Aphorism of Hippocrates does not absolutely forbid the opening of a vein but only warnes that Physitians be wary what they do in that kind Which is elegantly delivered by Cornelius Celsus in the 10. Chapter of his 2 Book in these words The Antients did judg that young and old people could not bear Blood-letting And they perswaded themselves that a woman with Child let Blood would miscarry But experience hath since taught us that these are no generall Rules and there are other considerations of more weight which the Practitioner is to regard For it matters not of what Age the Patient is nor what she hath in her Body but what her strength is So that if a young man be weak or a woman not with Child be weak Blood is ill taken from them for the remaining strength dies and they perish But a strong Child and a strong old man and a woman with Child that is lustly are safely cured by bleading So for Celsus Some latter Physitians have dared to open the lower veins in women with Child to Cure the Falling-sickness by consent of the Womb the venerial and pestilential Bubo yea and to prevent abortion as we may see in Zacutus Lusitanus in his Book of Wonderful Cures Obs 23. Book 1. and Obs 130 and 151 of Book 2. Who by his own and other mens experiments endeavours to prove that such Blood-letting may be safely practised Which I leave to prudent Physitians to consider of We said about the beginning of this Chapter that there is no difference in Curing the diseases of women with Child saving with respect to the greater remedies which difference must be in them thus determined viz. That the diseases which hold women not with Child as vomiting want of appetite and the like in them being not with Child they are to be Cured rather by vomiting than by Blood-letting because they come from evil humors abounding in the stomach and the whol Body but in women with Child they need rather Blood-letting because they Spring from Blood retained in in the very beginning of their being with Child And experience hath taught that the vomiting which is wont often to trouble women with Child is in the first months of Childing exasperated by purges but by bleeding much abated yea and wholly taken away if the Blood-letting be iterated every month till the symptom cease The use of Purging in women with Child Hippocrates hath defined in Aphor. 1. Sect. 4. Women with Child saith he are to be purged if the humor offending do work in the fourth month and to the seventh But these about the seventh less And we must take heed what we do when the Child is very young or old Galen in his Comment saies that there is the same proportion between a Child in the Womb and fruit upon the true For fruit when it first grows upon the bough it is held by a very tender stalk and therefore quickly falls being shaken by a vehement wind afterwards when they are grown greater they are not easily separated from the boughs And yet when they are fully ripe they fall off of their own accord In the same manner women suffer abortion in the first and last months because in them the Child is not so fast tied to the Womb. But in this Age of ours purges are wont to be given to women with Child in all the months very neer of their being with Child in diseases springing from the tyranny of humors excrements vitiated when the matter is in motion and works or when it is concocted so often as there is more danger seared from the evil humor causing the disease than from the commotion raised by the purging Medicaments Gentle and harmless Medicaments have made Physitians bolder in this kind such I mean as we use at this day as Rhubarb Myrobalans Cassia Manna Senna Agarick and the like But we must allwaies remember that saying of Hippocrates and we must more freely give purges in the middle months and more warily in the first and last Also the use of Pills is ever more suspected in women with Child both because they make a greater commotion in the Body and also by reason of the Aloes which by reason
of the extream bitterness is an enemy to the Child and is thought to open the mouths of the veines But if sometimes the use thereof seems necessary in some grevious infirmities of the stomach which are wont frequently to infest women with Child the first months of their being with Child bearing let it be carefully washed with Rose-water that the acrimony thereof may be taken away or let it be mixt with strengthening and astringent things as Rhubarb Mastich and such like Clysters are not very safe because by compressing the Womb they may cause abortion So that when there is need of them and in women accustomed to that kind of evacuation they must be made in less quantity and of such things as are rather mollfying and lenefying than much purging In a word touching Sweat-drivers Piss-drivers and such things as move the Courses our Opinion is That Movers of the Courses properly so called are never to be used in women with Child And Piss-drivers because they likewise are apt to bring down the Courses ought to be suspected and if the necessity of some disease require the use of them the gentler must be made choice of And finally Sweat-drivers may be safely given because they drive the humors out by the habit of the Body whereby no danger of abortion is incurred in so much that some women in the middle of their being with Child have bin Cured of the whores Pox without harm to their Child Chap. 17. Of Abortion or Miscarriage ABortion or Miscarriage is the bringing forth of an imperfect or unripe Child And consequently a child dead in the Womb is not counted an Abortion till it be excluded So that whether alive or dead Child be brought fourth not being ripe nor having attained to the just term of growth which it ought to have had in the Womb it is to be termed an Abortion or Miscarried Child The Causes of Abortion are some internal some external The internal may be reduced to four heads viz. to the Humors to the Child to the Womb and to the Mothers diseases The humors may cause Abortion while they offend in quantity or in quality They offend in Quantity either by way of excess or of Defect Humors offending by way of excess are seen in a Plethorick or over-full Constitution of Body for Blood being more plentyfull than is requisite to Nourish the Infant in the Womb flowes into the veines of the Womb and is excluded by way of the monthly Courses and brings away the Child with it Defect of Humor fitting to Nourish springs from such Causes which are able to draw the Nourishment from the Child as fasting whether voluntary or forced as when women with Child loath all kind of Meat or vomit it up again a thin diet in acute diseases immoderate bleeding by the Nose Haemorrhoides Womb or by immoderate Phlebotomy Whereupon Hippocrates in Aphor. 34. Sect. 5. If a woman with Child go very much to stool it is to be feared that she will Miscarry Hereunto may be referred extream leanness of the whol body wherein there is not Blood enough to nourish the Infant Of which Hippocrates in Aphor. 44. Sect. 5. Speakes thus Women with Child being very lean not by nature but accident as famin long-sicknes c. they Miscarry untill they get their flesh again In respect of the Child Abortion may happen if it be over great so that it cannot by reason of its bulk be contained in the Womb hence it falls often out that little Women miscarry especially if they be married to Men Bigger than ordinary whose Children grow very great and find not in the Womb place large enough to contain them till they come to their perfect growth Which made Hippocartes say In his Book of superfoetation If any Woman conceive frequently and do duly and at a certain period of time Miscarry as in her second third or fourth month or later the narrowness of her Womb is in fault which is not able to contain the Child as it grows great Also plurality of Children may cause abortion as when two or three or more are contained in the Womb at one time for then the Womb overloaden excludes the Children before the fit time which is the cause that Women often Miscarry of twinns Also the dead Child is to be reckoned among the causes of Abortion for as soon as the Child is dead Nature doth forthwith set her self to cast it forth Abortion happens in respect of the Womb it self if it be not of largness and capacity enough sufficiently to widen itself according as the child grows as was shewed above out of Hippocrates As also if there be any thing preternatural in the Womb as an Inflamation a Scirrhous Tumor an Impostume and very many diseases besides And finally if the Womb be overmoist and slack that it cannot contain the Child so well as it ought to do In respect of the Mothers diseases Abortion comes two waies First of all when as her diseases are communicated to the Child whereby it is killed or so weakened that it cannot receive due nourishment nor growth such as are continual and intermitting feavers the Whores-Pocks and many such like Secondly when the said diseases of the Mother do cause great evacuations or great commotions or the Body as â—â—rge Bleedings from what part of the Body soever fluxes of the Belly grievous swoonings Falling-sickness Vomiting and Tenesmus that is perpetual going to the stool and voiding nothing but a little slime which above all other diseases is wont to cause Abortion because by that frequent and almost continual endeavour of going to stool which perpetually attends this disease the Muscles of the Belly are perpetually contracted and do more compress the Womb than the streight Gutt upon which the Womb rests which continual compression or squeezing of the Womb doth at last cause Abortion External causes which further Abortion do some of them kill the Child others draw away its nourishment and others dissolve those bands wherewith the Child is fastened to the Womb. The Child is killed by greivous commotions of mind as Anger sadness Terror c. meates earnestly longed for and not obtained strong purging Medicaments such things as provoke the Courses such things as drive forth the Child such things as are reckoned by a secret property to destroy the Child in the Womb abominable smells especially the stink of a Candle ill put out The Child is deprived of its nourishment by the Mothers being famished and by immoderate loss of her Blood especially when the Child is big As Hippocrates teaches in the Aphor. 60 Sect. 5. The bands which fasten the Child to the Womb are loosed by vehement exercise Danceing Running Rideing or Jolting in a Coach or Cart carrying of an heavy weight or lifting it from the ground a violent fall and squelch a Blow upon the Belly that mauls the Child vehement motion of the Belly by coughing vomiting loosness neezing convulsions crying out immoderate or
over wanton venereal embraces And in a word vehement motions of the Armes by drawing somewhat violently to a Body by turning a wheel or doing some such work may exceedingly further Abortion or Miscarriage The Signs of present Abortion are manifest of themselves But such as go before Abortion and prognosticate the same are these An unusual heaviness of the Loyns and Hips a loathness to stir Appetite gone shivering and shaking coming by fits pain of the head especially about the Roots of the Eyes a straitening of the sides and of the Belly above the Navel the flagging or falling and extenuation of the Dugs which made Hippocrates to say in Aphor. 37. Sect. 5. If the Dugs of a woman with child do suddenly grow small that woman will miscarry For the extenuation of a womans Dugs in such a case doth signifie want of blood in those Veins which are common to the womb and to the Dugs by means of which defect the child is in danger to miscarry But if Abortion shall be caused by some external essicient causing violent agitation of the Child in the Womb and a bursting of the Vessels with a pain raised in those parts the Spirits and Blood run speedily to the genital parts of which the Dugs being destitute grow smaller than they were Furthermore Plenty of Milk dropping from the Dugs doth argue weak Child and consequently portends Abortion according to Hippocrates in Aphor. 52. Sect. 5. But if frequent pains aâ—d almost continual do torment the Reins and Loyns reaching towards the Share as far as Os sacrum with a certain endeavor of going out of the Womb it is a certain sign of a woman that will shortly mscarry For those parts do signifie that the Membranes and Lâ—gaments wherewith the child is fastened to the womb are stretched and torn in â—under And if so be that pure Blood or such as is wheyish or water flowing from the Womb do â—ollow the foresaid pains and endeavors of coming out it shews that Abortion is hard at hand and that the Vessels and Membranes of the Womb are broken and the mouth of the Womb open At the same time the cituation or posture of the Child is changed for whereas it lay high and possessed the middle of the Womans Belly like a Sugar-loof bearing out it is now gathered round like a Foot-ball and roiled down towards the Water gate Also oftentimes there follow grievous Symptomes as shiverings tremblings Palpitations of the Heart Swoonings and abundant Bleeding Hereunto may be added what Hipâ—ocâ—aâ—es teacheth us in the second Book of Popular Sicknesses Text 17. That if after violent external câ—uses such as are blow a fall and such like vehement pain and perturbation arise in a Woman with Child she suddenly or at most the same day miscarries but if the external cause were weak the Abortion may be differred till the third day which being once over there is no longer danger of Abortion because such wounds and hurts are wont to grow well again upon the third or at most the fourth day or very much to be mitigated and asswaged whereupon the Child is again confirmed in the Womb and retained Which Precept is of great moment in the Practice oâ— Phyâ—ick that women with child being hurt by some external accident should keep their bed for â—nree daies or longer and use such Remedies as prevent Abortion The Prognosticks oâ— Abortion may be divers after this manner Women are more endangered by Abortion than by due and timely Child-birth because it is more violent and unseasonable for as in ripe Fruit the Stalks are loosened from the Boughs and the Fruit falls of it self so in a Natural Birth the Vessels and Ligaments wherewith the Child is tied to the Womb are loosened and untied as it were of their own accord which in case of Abortion must needs be violently broken asunder Very many women become Barren by their Miscarriages by reason of those exceeding rendings tearing which do wholly overthrow the dispositions of the Womb. Much bleeding accompanied with fainting raving and convulsions is wont to cause death and Aresaeus testifies he never saw any escape who in the time of their Abortion or aiterwards had Convulsion fits Inâ—lamation of the Womb caused by Abortion is for the most part deadly for Blood flowing to the Womb in great quantity is not purged out but putrefies therein and regurgitatâ—s or slows back into the upper parts whence arise burning Feavers pantings of the Heart Heart-burning and other Symptomes enumerated before Abortion is more dangerous in a woman that never bore Child before because being unaccustomed to Pains and having those Passages more strait she is longer and more vehemently tormented Women very lean or very fat are more endangered by Miscarriage the former because of their weakness the latter because of the narrowness of those Passages by which the Child must come forth Abortion is more dangerous in the sixth seventh and eight months because the Child being the greater is excluded with the more pain and difficulty Women which have a more loose and moist womb than ordinary domiscarry commonly without danger especially in the first month because those parts in such women do easily give way whence their pain and trouble is the less Hippocrates in the second Book of Popular Sicknesses affirms That to miscarry of a male Conception of three-score daies old helps a Woman whose Courses are stopped By stopping of Courses he understands only their imminution when women are not sufficiently or conveniently purged at their monthly seasons for by such an Abortion or Miscarriage as aforesaid those stopped passages are opened and the Blood is drawn towards the womb which came thither but slowly in former times Our ordinary women seem to have taken notice of the truth of this saying of Hippocrates who touching an Abortion of a few months are wont to say by way of proverb Amiscarrying woman is half with child again The Cure of Abortion consists in Preservation for that which is past cannot be helped But all the Symptomes which follow Abortion are the same which accompany women duly brought to bed The Preservation from Abortion hath two principal Points or Heads The one concerns the woman before she is with child The other when she is with child Before the woman is with child all evil dispositions of body which are wont to cause Abortion must be removed as fulness of blood badness of Humors and peculiar Diseases of the womb viz. Distempers Swellings Ulcers and such like Fulness of Blood opens the Veins of the womb or strangles the Infant while it is in the womb This if it be a pure and simple Plenitude may be cured by Blood-letting such as shall answer the quantity of blood super-abounding But badness of Humors is either chollerick and sharp so as to open the Orisices of the Veins or by provoking Nature to stir up the expulsive faculty whereby the child comes to be expelled with those evil humors or by
one foot or when it endeavors to come forth doubled with its breech or its belly foremost In regard of the Childs Adjuncts or certain things belonging to the Child difficulty of Travail happens when those membranes which enclose the Child are more thin than ordinary so that they come to break sooner than they should whence followed an over quick effusion of the waters conteined therein whereupon the mouth of the Womb remaines dry at the time of the exclusion of the Infant or where the foresaid Membranes are more thick and compact than ordinary by which means the Child is hardly able to breake them External Causes depend upon things necessary and things contingent the things necessary are such as Physitians commonly call res non naturales things not natural So a cold and dry air and the Northern-wind are very hurtfull to women in travail because they straiten the whol Body drive the Blood and spirits inwards and prove very destructive to the Infant coming forth of so warm a place as the Womb. Also air more hot than ordinary dissipates the spirits and exhausts the strength both of Mother and Child easily introduceing a feaverish Inflammation into a Body replenished with ill humors and exagitated Meates raw and hard to digest or of an astringent quality taken in a large Quantity before the time of travail may render the same laborious the stomach being weakened and the common passages stopped which in this case ought to be very free and open Sleepyness and Sottishess do slacken the endeavours both of the Mother and the Child and shew nature to be weak Unseasonable stirring of the woman doth much delay the Birth of the Child whenas she refuses to stand to walk lie down or to sit upon the Midwifes stoole as need shall require or when she is unduely agitated to and fro whence it comes to pass that the Child cannot lâ—â—ue in a sitting posture or looses the good posture it had by reason of the Mothers undue and disorderly moveing her self The retention of Excrements at the time of Travail as of Urin distending the Bladder of hard excrements in the streight Gutt and hemorrhoids much Swelled do straiten the neck of the Womb and divert nature from her endeavour of expelling the Child And in a word vehement Passions of mind as Fear Sadness Anger may very much encrease the difficulty of Child birth To things contingent are referred Blowes Falls wounds which may very much hinder the Birth hereunto likewise appertain the parties assistant in time of travail to help the labouring woman viz. strong women and maid servants which may lift her up and support her when she is in her labours and especially an expert Midwife which ought to mannage the whol Business For if the Midwife err in her office it is wont to cause difficulty of Birth For sometimes the Midwises do over soon exhort the Childing woman to hold their breath and to strain themselves to exclude their Child while the bands which fasten the Child to the Womb are as yet unloosed by which means the strength of the woman is wasted before hand which should have bin reserved to the just time of her travail Yea and the truth is while the Midwifes do oversoon perswade the Childing women that the time of their travail is at hand they bend all their strength to exclude the Child and oftentimes violently break those bands with which the Child is fastened and cast themselves into no small Jeopardy Hard Travail is known both by the Childing woman and by the Assistants but especially by the Midwife And in the first place if the woman continue a longer time than ordinary in her Labors as two three four or more daies whereas a truly natural Child-birth ought to be accomplished within the space of 24. Houres Again it is a Sign of an hard Labor if the womans paines be weak and are long before they return and if her paines are more about her Back than Privities And the Causes of hard travail are known by relation of the Childing woman and are for the most part evidently to be seen So the weakness of the woman her over leanness or over fatness is perceived by the habit of her Body Diseases of the Womb are known by their proper Signes The Childs weakness is known by its weak and slow moving it self But the Signes of a dead Child shall be declared in the next Chapter The greatness of the Child may be gathered from the stature of the Parents especially when a big-Bodyed man is matched with a little woman But when there are none of these Signes and the woman labours stoutly and the Child stirrs and makes its way sufficiently and yet the travail is hard and painful it is a token that the secundine or After-birth is stronger than ordinary and can hardly be broken which conjecture is more probable if no water or moisture come from the woman dureing her Labors The disorderly posture of the Child is perceived by the Midwife and the other Causes are visible to the Eye as we said before As for the Prognostick Hard-Travail is of it self dangerous in which sometimes the Mother sometimes the Child and sometimes both do loose their lives If a woman be four daies in Labor it s hardly possible the Child should live Sleepy diseases and convulsions which befall a woman in Travail are for the most part deadly Sneezing which befalls a woman in sore Travail is good Out of Hippocrates in his Aphorismes To cure difficulty in Child-birth first all causes which may delay the birth are as much as may be to be removed And afterwards such Medicines as further the Birth are Methodically to be administred And in the first place it is common among the women to give a groaning wife a spoonfull or two of Cinnamon Water Or Cinnamon it self in Pouder with a little Saffron may be given or half a dram of Consectio Alkermes may be drunk in a little Broath Also Saffron alone being given ten graines in every Mess of Broath the woman takes or every hour being taken in a little Wine is very good Or. Take Oyl of sweet Almonds and White Wine of each two ounces Saffron and Cinnamon of eath twelve graines Confectio Alkermes half a dram Syrup of Maiden Hair one ounce and an half Mix all and make thereof a potion If this shall not suffice but that stronger things must be used the following potion wil be most effectual which I have had frequent experience of Take Dictamnus Cretensis both the Birthworts and Trochiscs or Cakes of Myrrh of each half asc uple Saffron and Cinnamon of each twelve grains Confectio Alkermes half a dram Cinnamon Water half an ounce Orange-flower and Mugwort Water of each an ounce and an half Make all into a potion Among the more effectual sort of Medicaments are numbred Oyl of Amber Oyl of Cinnamon and extract of Saffron which do in a little quantity work â—â—ch viz. Extract of Saffron
begun and an Inflamation bred which proves very troublesom whether the woman be sufficiently purged or not the superior Veins are presently to be opened right against the Part affected because such an Evacuation draws Blood out of the Part Affected But if the inferior Veins should be opened which are neither next the part affected neither can evacuate therefrom both the strength of the Patient will be weakened by the evacuation and that matter which is by Nature driven into a corner and subdued wil not be thereby diminished And so you must either draw all her blood in a manner out of her Veins to revel the matter of the Disease from the part affected or the woman will be killed by the Disease before sufficient Revulsion be made Neither need we fear lest by taking blood from the upper Veins we should draw the Course thereof from the womb because in such Cases the superior parts of the Body do abound with blood And although much blood be taken away yet are not the Veins so emptied that they should be forced to draw new blood from other parts Yet for the greater Caution it will not be unprofitable before blood be taken from the superior Veins to cause the Thighs to be lustily rubbed and presently after to tie them with bands so hard as to pain the woman which must abide so bound til the bleeding be over and a little after they may be loosened and now and then Cupping-Glasses must be fastened to the same parts or at least they must be again wel rubbed So we may procure an evacuation of the Matter offending and yet preserve the Natural course of the blood towards the Womb. The same course is to be taken in vehement and burning Feavers For although the matter offending be dispersed through the Body yet is the burning heat so great about the Heart and Bowels that it cannot be so wel extinguished by the opening of a smal and far distant Vein as by the opening of a neerer and greater such as is the Vein called Basilica This Method of Curing may be observed not only in Child-bed women but in other women who are taken with Acute Diseases and have their monthly Courses upon them If in the end of a Womans Lying-In an acute Disease befal her the same Course must be followed as in the middle the same conditions being observed observing this for a Rule That by how much a woman is further from the beginning of her Lying-In by so much more safely may the uper Veins be opened but the neerer she is to the beginning yea even in the middle we are to open those Veins with the greater premeditation And if the Disease be not importunate nor the sharpness thereof require such a thing and the Natural Purgation be copious we must wholly abstain But if the Purgation be scanty we must open the inferior Veins to supply that which is wanting in the Evacuation But if the contrary shal happen let us follow that Rule which we presceibed to be followed in followed in the urgency of an acute Disease The use of Purging in Childing Women that are held with acute Diseases shal be comprehended in these following Maxims While the Child-bed Purgations do Naturally flow a Purge is never to be administred for it is to be feared lest Nature be diverted from her business But if the Child-bed Purgations are not kindly we must consider whether their consist its Quantity or in Quality If they offend in Quantity so as to be too little so that the woman be purged either not at al or not sufficiently After al Remedies fit to procure these Purgations have been given in vain and the Morbisick matter appears digested eight ten or twelve daies being past since she was brought to Bed according to the more or less urgency of the Disease she may be purged gently wholly abstaining from al stronger Purgatives If other Purgations offend only in Quality so that a white flux or some other unnatural color do proceed from her the Matter being ripe she may in the last part of her Lying-In be safely purged But this must evermore be generally observed That by how much the longer a Childing Woman is distant from the day of her bringing to bed by so much the more safely she may be purged and contrarywise For Experience hath taught us That women wanting their Child-bed Purgations if after the seventh or ninth day they are taken with a loosness they commonly scape But if the Loosness seize upon them upon the first daies viz. on the secoed third or fourth for the most part they die And so have we finished the Cures of Womens Sicknesses all Praise and Honor be given to God therefore The End of the Fifteenth Book THE SIXTEENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of Diseases of the Joynts and Rhewmatick Pain of the whol Body The PREFACE THough all Diseases of the Joynts depend upon the same Causes differing only in respect of the place affected and are wont to be cured with the same Medicines yet is there some difference between the Sciatica or Hip-Gout and the pains of other Joynts by reason of the structure and largeness of those parts of which the Huckle or Hip-bone is articulated and made up in respect of which it requires some diversity in certain Medicines therefore it is that I have resolved to treat of the Sciatica by it self And because the Rhewmatick pain incident to the whol Body hath great Affinity with the running Gout which afflicts only the Joynts I have thought good to annex the Explication thereof in this place so that this Book will consist only of three Chapters Of which The First will treat of the Pains of the Joynts in General The Second of the Pains of the Huckle-bone called Sciatica The Third of those Rhewmatick Pains which seize all Parts of the Body Chap. 1. Of Pain in the Joynts called Arthritis or the Gout ARthritis or the Gout is a pain in the Joynts which comes for the most part by fits stirred up by an Influx of Humors into the said Joynts The parts pained are Membranes Tendons Nerves and al the Nervous parts that are neer the Joynts which are stretched by the Humor which flows into them or by their sharpness are pricked and twitched but the Ligaments which spring out of the Bones are void of sence Now the Humors which cause the Gout do seldom flow into the very Cavities of the Joynts and that only in an old Gout and where the Cavities are wider than ordinary as it happens in an old Sciatica in which somtimes the Thigh-bone fals out of its place the Ligaments and other parts binding the Joynts together being loosened and then the Cavity of the Joynt is filled with a snotty kind of flegm as we see in Hippocrates Apor 59. Sect. 6. It is wont here to be demanded why the Humors flowing into Nervous and Membranous Parts and distending and twitching then they should not cause a
are an obscure color of the part like Lead deep pain a thin and watry Urine a weariness of the whol Body and the temper thereof inclining to Melancholly As for the Prognostick The Gout is no dangerous Disease but very troublesom by the vehemency of pain and of a very long continuance so that for the most part it accompanies a Man during his life to his old Age yea and it doth cause some to live long because Nature at certain seasons drives unto the Joynts vitious Humors which might cause other Diseases and by so doing frees the nobler parts of the Body from bad Humors Yet doth it often fall out in weak bodies or such as are decayed with Age that when Nature can no longer expel such Humors as are collected in the inner parts of the Body deadly Diseases do thereupon arise as most sharp Feavers Inflamations of the Bowels Apoplexies Convulsion Phrenzies Difficulty of Breathing and inability to breath unless sitting upright Pantings of the Heart and other most grievous Infirmities Although a Disposition rooted in the Bowels tending to breed Goutish Humors and Natural weakness of the Joynts cannot be perfectly taken away yet may the Invasions of the Gout be very much retarded and kept off so that some only by abstaining from Wine others by usual Purges frequently repeated have kept themselves for many yeers free from the Assaults of this Disease Hippocrates in the Second Book of Predictions affirms That many Gouty persons may be cured distinguishing them from such as cannot be cured in these words Touching the Gout this I say All that are aged or have stony knots about their Joynts or live miserably being costive cannot be cured by Art of Man that I know of Such are well cured by a Dysentery when it seizes upon them and by other fluxions of Humors to the inferior parts But he that is yong and hath no stony know about his Joynts and lives accurately being inclined to labor and having a belly well inclined to stool this man having a skilful Physitian may be cured An hereditary Gout may well be accounted incurable If the Veins of Gouty persons do swel with black blood their Gout leaves them out of Avicenna Because the Humors which were wont to flow into the Joynts are derived to the external parts of the Skin If the Gout being accustomed to return at certain seasons shal not return it portends grievous and oftentimes deadly Diseases unless the Morbifick matter by a diligent prevention shal be taken away For if through weakness of Nature the matter which is gathered together within shall not be expelled it breeds the greatest and most dangerous Diseases imaginable Whosoever they bee that have the Gout within the space of forty daies the Inflammation is allaied and they are freed Hippocrates in the 49. Aphorism of the fifth Book or Section For in such Parts as have little Natural heat the matter offending requires a long time before it can be discust Howbeit this period of Hippocrates is not certain and perpetual for some are healed sooner and some later which depends upon the quantity thickness or rebellion of the Morbifick causes the strength or weakness of the Parts affected and the obedience of the Patients in Point of keeping the Diet and using the Medicaments appointed for them The Cure of all Gouts consists herein viz. That the flux of Humors into the Joints may be staied that which allready is come in and abides in the Joints may be removed and that the Pain may in the mean while if it be sharp be abated all which may be performed by the following Medicaments And in the first place Letting of Blood will be very convenient if there be no want of Blood in the Patient and if flegm do not abound because the Blood is agitated by the motion of the Humors flowing into the Joints and does as it were boil and is by Pain drawn into the Part affected wherefore it is necessary to draw the same back into that Part of the Body which is opposite to the Part affected and therefore if the right Arm be Diseased a Vein must be opened in the left if the right Foot be Pained a Vein must be opened in the right Arm and if the left Foot in the left Arm. And Blood is to be taken away at the first beginning of the Disease and as much as needs must be taken at one time if the Patients stength will bear it if not it must be done at severall times till the plenitude of Blood be sufficiently diminished One thing we must allwaies remember that copious Blood-letting in such as can bear it easily does exceedingly shorten the Disease if it be done at the beginning of the Disease at least by Piece-meal drawing now a little and then a little Also Purging must be used at the beginning of the Disease as soon as may be for so both that Humor which is influx and is ready to flow will be drawn from the way to the Joints and be brought unto the Gutts But in this purgation two things are worthy of observation being frequently noted by Solenander a famous practitioner The first is that this Purgation be not made by some mild lenitive Medicaments whereby the Humors are rather stirred than Evacuated and are precipitated into the Joints whereupon a more greivous Pain and swelling is wont to follow such purges but with some strong purgative which may force out the stirred Humor and turn the cause there of from the Joints The other is that the Medicaments being given the Joints above the Knees and elbows be Plastered with some defensative by which the Humor which is put in motion by the Medicine may be intercepted so that it may not so much nor so forcibly fall down into the Joints To which intent let an Oyntment be made of Bole Pome-Granate Rinds Balaustians Roots of Bistort and Tormentill red Roses with the white of an Egg and Vinegar which being spread upon snipps of cloath as broad as ones Hand and indifferent long let them be wrapped about the Parts aforesaid If these simples be not to be had at present wet them only with Vineger and water and let them lie on at least an whol day If the Fluxion be vehement use a liniment of Bole Dragons Blood the white of an Egg and Oyl of Roses made with Oyl of unripe olives or at first use it without Oyl adding a small quantity of the Oyl aforesaid or of Vnguentum Comitissae least growing dry and hard it cause Pain And for to procure such a purgation as we have spoken of let the skillful Physitian prescribe a Medicament fitted to the Nature of the Patient and such Humors as are redundant in his Body or some of those Specifick Purgations which we shall propound in our Doctrine of Preservation from the Gout Vomiting is likewise profitable in this Case for such as are easie to vomit because it brings out the evil Humors by a shorter way
and so there is no such fear least they should rush into the Part affected But gentle Vomits are to be used which do only evacuate those Parts which are near the stomach For if they be vehement and draw Humors out of the Veins they may precipitate the said Humors unto the Joynts Then after vomitings purgation must be procured downwards yea and if one purgation will not serve turn it must be repeated After sufficient Purgation it will be very good to procure sweat for so the wheyish matter wil be discussed by the habit of the Body But seeing when the Gout gives its first Onset there happens a kind of boiling and working of the Blood and commonly there is a Feaver hot sudoroficks will not be convenient but only such as are temperate amongst which Sennertus commends Harts-Horn either crude or prepared without burning either alone or with Carduus Water as likewise Antimonium Diaphoreticum In an old Gout without a Feaver a Decoction of China Salsa Parilla ar Sassafras may be given qualified with coolling Herbs as Cichory Endive Sorrel and Or after the Sweat is wiped off it may suffice to give the Patient Chicken-Broth altered with the Herbs aforesaid Martinus Rulandus did use this following Sweating Medicine with happy success Take Tops of Centaury two handfuls Asarum Roots two ounces Boyl them in ten pints of Water to five pints and strain the Liquor Give the Patient eight ounces of this Liquor hot in the morning some daies together and let him sweat upon it But Forestus commends the Roots of the greater Burdock because it cuts discusseth and provokes both Sweat and Urine And he reports that a certain Gouty person that kept his bed and could not stir a Limb drank hot Beer in which the great Burdock Root had been boyled after the drinking whereof when the Physitians could do him no good with all their Medicines he piss'd a great deal of white Matter like Milk and was freed from his pains Hercules Saxonia puts a great many Loaves hot out of the Oven round about the Patients Body by which means Sweat is plentifully procured and the pains removed Also a Decoction of Elder Bay-leaves Sage Rosemary and such like Herbs wil do much good the Patient receiving the vapor of this Decoction in a sweating Tub which wil make the sweat to come lustily Also the Waters of Natural hot Baths do provoke sweat and do readily discuss the Matter contained in the Joynts And therefore when the sick are not able to go unto them their Water is wont to be brought unto them and heated in a Caldron for them to bath in Erastus in his 15. Counsel prefers this above al others for easing the pains but he boyls so much Salt in the Water as gives it an evidently brackish tast In the beginning of the Fluxion of Gouty Humors in the spaces free from Purgations such things must be given as stop the Flux which have been propounded by me in the Cure of an hot Catarrh especially Juleps of Waters or Decoctions and Syrups which do cool and thicken Yea and the truth is We are somtimes compelled to use Narcotick or Stupefactive Medicaments for they both stop the flux of Humors and they mitigate the rage of the pains Of these sort of Medicines new Venice Treacle is most convenient which may often be repeated without danger from half a dram to a dram Unto which may profitably be added a little Bole-Armoniack to stop the flux of Humors Howbeit instead of Treacle Laudanum Opiatum and other Narcoticks may conveniently be substituted After due Evacuations have been celebrated and other things given inwardly which respect the antecedent Cause we must proceed unto local Applications such as mitigate the pain and discuss the contingent Cause Which are not presently to be used before the universal Remedies aforesaid have been first applied for otherwise they are wont to do more hurt than good For either the Matter which Nature intended to drive into the Joynts is driven back into the inner parts of the Body whereby grievous Symptomes are raised or it is forced into the Joynts and the pain is exasperated or the part is effeminated and made lax and so the fluxion is encreased Which Cautions being commonly neglected and external things untimely and heedlesly applyed the Patients receive commonly more hurt than good thereby And those external Medicines do either respect the pain alone or the Cause likewise of the pain viz. The Humor which hath took its course into the part and caused both the pain and Swelling Such things as mitigate pain are very necessary in this case because the extremity thereof weakens the Patient and draws the Humors to the parts affected Furthermore by the use of Anodines the parts are relaxed and the Humor which before did flow into the more deep parts about the Joynt is diffused to the more ambient parts and external Whence it is that the pains of the Gout are most vehement before the part swels but after it is swollen they are mitigated Now there are many Anodine or Pain-charming Medicaments propounded by Authors to be applied to those parts which are troubled with the Gout But the chief are these which follow Luke-warm Milk applied to the part affected by wetting Linnen Cloaths therein and laying them on doth asswage the pain as also if the part be sprinkled and bedewed therewith especially when it comes fresh from the Dug which Amatus Lusitanus doth very much commend in the 41. Cure of his sixt Century in these words One mightily tormented with the Gout caused a shee Goat to be brought into his Chamber and her Milk to be milked out upon his pained Joynt by which he perceived the pains evidently lessened And there is good reason for it For Milk newly milked doth asswage mitigate and lessen pains It is a Medicine commonly used by the Great Turk by you who seek Profit and Honor highly to be prized Of Milk likewise is made the Cataplasm of white Bread Crums boyled therein adding the Yolks of Eggs and a little Saffron Also the Leaves of Henbane or Violets are boyled in Milk or in Vinegar and Water and profitably laid upon the part affected Also a Cataplasm is made of the Pap of Marsh-mallow Roots mingled with Milk Also a Cataplasm is made of the Pulp of Cassia alone or mingled with Oyl of Roses or the following Ingredients Take Crums of white Bread boyled in Milk half a pound Pulp of Cassia three ounces Make them into a Pultiss Or Take the Pulp of Cassia four ounces new Venice Treacle half an ounce Barley and Oaten meal of each three ounces the Crum of white Bread four ounces Cows Milk two or three pints Boyl all into the form of a Pultiss which apply warm to the parts pained If you shall add half an ounce or an ounce of Vitriol calcined and finely poudered you will make it far more excellent In the beginning of the Gout which seizes only the great
Linnen Cloth between the Plaister and the part affected If the Disease do pertinaciously continue we must proceed to a Vesicatory which doth draw out the Morbisick Matter being applied to the part affected Wherefore a Blistering Plaister must be laid on either alone or that it may work more gently with some of the foresaid mingled in equal proportions for so it may be endured upon the part a longer time Or this following may be made fresh Take Ship-Pitch Wax white Pitch of each one ounce and an half Colophonia Frankincense Mastich of each two drams Euphorbium Ladanum Quick Sulphur Opopanax Ammoniacum Bdellium Galbanum Sagapenum of each half an ounce Storax and Benjamin of each two drams Cantharides three drams Galangal Cloves of each two drams Liquid Storax as much as shall suffice Make all into a Plaister In an old Disease an Issue in the Leg on the pained side doth derive the Matter away and somtimes cures the Disease Zechius wil have it made in the outside of the Leg. And if there be suspition of a Catarrh from the Brain another must be made in the hinder part of the Head For that hath somtimes cured an old Sciatica when nothing else would do it And then likewise other Remedies correcting the Brains distemper must not be neglected Zacutus Lusitanus tels of his making an Issue behind the Ears with wonderful success when the Humor came from the Head Of this he makes a peculiar story Observat 160. Book 2. During the whol Course of the Cure frequent Clysters are to be injected that part of the Morbifick Matter may be derived unto the Guts Also to discuss the next and immediate Cause of the pain this following hath somtimes been useful Take Rich Canary half a pint Walnut Oyl and Oyl of Rue of each three ounces Oyl of Turpentine half an ounce Mix all and make thereof a Clyster to be cast in so often as the pain shall require And this following Clyster doth wonderfully draw the Humors from the part affected in regard of its Neighborhood to the Guts Take Pulp of Coloquintida one dram Lean Bran an handful white Wine a pint and an half Boyl all to a pint Of the strained Liquor make a Clyster and let the Patient keep it an hour The Hip-Gout is somtimes bred of Choller and hot Humors which is known when the pain is very sharp and pricks the pains are greater every other day the party is lean the Constitution of Body Chollerick Age youthful Country and Season hot the pain is encreased by heating things Chollerick Diseases have preceded an hot Diet and vehement Exercise and then the Medicines must be fitted for Choller and an hot distemper Wherefore Bleeding is good Purgations of Choller somtimes Lenitive somtimes strongly purging with Diagridium that the Morbifick Matter may be brought forth cooling Juleps emollient Clysters cooling Milk Bathing and other Remedies propounded in an hot distemper of the Liver Alwaies being careful to avoid things Opening and to chuse rather such as do incrassate or thicken such as we propounded for a thin and hot Rhewm The Pain being extream some Narcoticks may be given especially Syrup of Poppies whereby the pain is allaied and the flux of Humors stopped by the Humors being thickned But Laudanum Opiatum is far more powerful given to the quantity of three or four grains which also dissolved in a Clyster of Broth or Milk using a Purging Clyster before it doth often take away the pain in a moment The external Medicaments must be gentler as Oyl of Lillies Violets Chamomel and sweet Almonds Pultisses of Lettice Nightshade Endive Barley Meal with the foresaid Oyls and towards the declining of the Disease Fomentations Liniments Milder Plaisters and less Heating The Matter Causing the Sciatica comes somtimes to maturity so as to make an Imposthume Which Hippocrates shews in the third Book of his Epidemicks in the History of Eupolemus who had such an Imposthume which killed him with a Consumption If the Imposthume be opened there remains a filthy il conditioned Ulcer which likewise pines the Patient away Yet Zacutus Lusitanus glories that he had often cured the Sciatica with an Ulcer in Obs 126. Book 1. Which Observation ought to be read and diligently meditated upon Chap. 3. Of Rheumatick Pains of the whol Body AFter Gouty Diseases properly so called it is worth our while to treat of the Rhewmatick Disease because of the likeness between these Diseases which verily is so great that the generallity of Physitians which know not the Nature of this Rhewmatisin are wont to call it the universal Gout For in both Diseases the Joynts are pained but therein is the difference In that in the Gout only the Joynts are pained But in this Rheumatismus or Rheumatick Malady not only the Joynts but also the whol Body viz. The middle spaces between the Joynts namely the Muscles and their Membranes and especially the Skins which cover the Bones and the whol habit of the Body yea verily and somtimes the inward parts of the Body as the Stomach Womb Lungs are troubled with this Rheumatick Disease And although the Greeks cal a Catarrh by the name of Rheuma yet this Rheumatism we speak of differs from a Catarrh being indeed contained under the general term of Flux of Rheum yet of a different Nature from that kind of Flux which is commonly called a Catarrh which comes only from the Brain and trouble no more than one or two parts whereas this Disease we treat of comes from the internal Bowels by the Veins and Arteries and is shed into the whol Body This is no new Disease yet is it not sufficiently described by the Antients We have a rude â—raught thereof in Hippocrates in his Book de locis in Homine and in Galen Book 1. of the difâ—â—â—ence of Feavers and the first de compositione Med. secundum Genera But the most notable 〈◊〉 â—leer place of al explaining this Disease is in the first Book of the Differences of Feavers in 〈…〉 the words are these Vnderstand thou That the Rheumatick Disease so called is caused 〈…〉 such way as this viz. The whol Body being weak and the principal Parts thereof though 〈…〉 but little blood yet finding themselves burdened they thrust the same and expel it to the 〈…〉 parts of the Skin Whereby it appears that the true Nature of this Rheumatick Disease 〈◊〉 to Galens Doctrine consists herein That the whol Body is so weak that when any princiâ—â—◠〈◊〉 is burdened with blood although it be in no very great quantity it transmits the same to the 〈◊〉 parts and habit of the Body 〈◊〉 that is not simply to be understood which is said by Galen That the principal Parts being 〈◊〉 with blood do thrust the same unto the fleshy Parts of the Body For so Inflamations 〈◊〉 â—â—ellings would arise in those parts Whereas Experience shews that in this Disease called 〈…〉 for the most part there appears no Swelling no Inflamation no change of
heated with the Sun Fire or Stove by which means hot air being drawn in with the Breath and received by the Pores of the Body it doth inflame the Spirits Also by Surfetting Drunkenness and especially by over large taking in of Meats and Drinks that are of an hot Nature as Peppered Meats and stroog Wines by which more Vapors are raised than can exhale Also by Retention of hot Excrements and that not only of the Dung and Urine but especially of those Sooty Vapors which are wont to pass through the Pores of the Skin if those Pores be shut up with cold an Alluminous Bath and such like Causes Also this Ephemera Feaver is bred of internal Causes as from a Bubo and other Swellings of the Thighs or Arms especially whiles they break from an hot fiery Swelling of the Extremities of the Body when hot Matter shut up together in one certain place doth offend the Heart not by its putrefaction but heat alone Also by some smal Obstruction of the Vessels by which means the sooty exhalations being retained do cause a Feaver as is wont to happen in Distillations when they arise in hot Natures and a thick habit of Body This Feaver is known both when some of the Causes specified hath gone before and also by a swift frequent and great Pulse breathing frequent and great Headach and Heat there is neither cold nor shaking no sence of weariness nor want of Appetite Yet may there be somtimes a shivering or shaking fit namely when the Feaver is occasioned by the heat of the Sun or by cold Feeling the Patients Hand we find a mild and gentle heat the Urine is concoct like that of one in health unless by some Obstruction or Crudity it be changed It is commonly terminated in the space of twenty four hours with an easie gentle Sweat yet it reacheth somtimes unto the third day which if it pass it degenerates into a simple Synochus a Putrid or an Hectick Feaver For the Cure of this Feaver the Ancients did chiefly use a bath of luke-warm Water which they did also frequently use in their Health But seeing it is in these times out of use neither is it in practice in the Cure of these Feavers Neither is it counted safe in regard of a Plethorick or Cacochymical Constitution of Body Putrefaction or flux of Rheum which may be in such bodies or may be feared wil happen But this Feaver is better cured by a Cooling and Moistening Diet as Barley Cream Cooling Broths Smal Drink and Sugar common Ptisan Drink or Fountain Water with Syrup of Lemmons Maiden-hair mixed there with But the Cure admits some variation according to the Nature of the Cause So if it spring from the Heat of the Sun or Air a cooling Diet is good and the Patient must be conveighed into a cool lodging and Vinegar of Roses must be applied to his Forehead to the Temples and former part of the Head it self if there be pain as commonly there is when the Feaver comes from the heat of the Sun If it come from being in the Cold especially if the Patient being hot with Exercise went presently into the Cold Sweat must be provoked especially towards the end of the Fit If it come from the Skins thickness and closing up of the pores the same Cure must be used and to both these Causes smal Wine very well allaied with Water may be convenient because it opens the pores and helps to sweat If the Disease was caused by Labor the Patient must rest and be nourished more liberally with Meat of easie Digestion If from weariness the Patient must be artificially rubbed Tranquillity of mind and cheerfulness must be opposed to Anger and Choller must be tempered with Meat and Drink of a cooling Nature To Sadness Recreation of the Mind is a Remedy and the use of thin smal Wine If the Feaver was caused by watching let the Patient sleep by application of things convenient If by fasting let the Patient eat cooling Meats of good Juyce If by over eating or drinking let the Patient abstain from Meat and Drink not omitting such things as strengthen the Stomach both inwardly given and outwardly applied also with an Emollient and Laxative Clyster part of the Crudities is to be taken away If Putrefaction be feared Vomit may be procured or a Purge given If the Feaver arise of Obstructions we must consider whether the Patient be Plethorick or Cacochymical viz. Whether the whol Mass of blood be over great or only some bad Humors abound in the blood If the Patient be too ful of blood blood-letting must be advised if evil Humors only abound a Purge must be prescribed And if the Obstruction wil not easily be removed this Feaver changeth into some of the other sorts of Feavers whose Cures shal be described in their proper places Chap. 2. Of the Feaver Synochus Simplex THe Causes of the Feaver Ephemera aforesaid if they light upon a Plethorick Body and thick skinned they cause the Feaver Synochus Simplex Yet may this Feaver arise only from abundance of Blood stuffing the Veins and yielding many Vapors more than can breath through the pores of the Skin This Feaver is known by a thick and swelling habit of Body the color of the Body and Face is ruddy the Head is pained with a stretching or distending kind of pain the Patient is sleepy hath a beating in the Temples is unquiet hath a straitness in the Chest with difficulty of breathing the Pulse is great even frequent full the Veins strut with blood whence a stretching kind of weariness doth proceed the Urine is thick little differing in color from a Natural Urine only somwhat redder the heat is to ones hand mild tempered with a steamy Vapor the Feaver holds an even progress for either it holds one and the same tenor or it lessens by degrees or it encreaseth equally never remitting or ceasing Whence there are reckoned three Differences of this Feaver For that which continually encreaseth is called Epacmastica That which continually decreaseth is called Paracmastica That which keeps one and the same tenor is called Homotonos or Acmastica It lasts til the fourth day and somtimes til the seventh and then it is terminated by bleeding or sweating and if it be further prolonged it degenerates into Synochus Putrida The Cure of this Feaver is performed by blood-letting by cooling and by opening the pores of the Skin Galen in the ninth Book of his Method Chap. 4. cures this Feaver by two Remedies only viz. Letting of Blood til the Patient faint away and by giving a great quantity of Water to the Patient to drink Blood-letting is absolutely necessary in this Disease because it is bred by fulness of blood and a Vein must presently be opened at what hour soever the Physitian is called unless the Patients Stomach be ful of Meat the digestion whereof must be expected for certain hours And although Blood must be plentifully drawn and Galen reports in
the fore-cited place That he cured the most of such as had this Feaver suddenly by letting them bleed til they fainted away which bleeding was attended by a loosness vomiting of Choller and plentiful Sweat Yet in these daies of ours that same large blood-letting is out of date which is not without danger seeing Galen himself relates in his Book of Curing by Phlebotomy Chap. 12. That it besel three Physitians while they were practising this large Blood-letting that instead of fainting away their Patients died out-right It is better therefore at several times to take away so much blood as the Nature of the Disease doth necessarily require Before Blood-letting if the Patient be Costive or the Guts abound with Crudities an Emollient and Laxative Clyster must be given As for the point of cold Water Galen orders it to be given in so great quantity that the Patient grow pale tremble and be cold all over and so he saies it extinguisheth the fiery heat it strengthens the solid parts and drives out unprofitable Humors by stool by urine and by sweat But he saies there must be many Cautions in the use thereof viz. That it be given in the Vigor of the Feaver the signs of Concoction appearing that the Patient have been used to drink cold Water in time of health have strong bowels and full of juyce a fleshy and wel-set Body have a constant and vigorous strength be not full of thick and clammy Humors have no tumor in any bowel nor stomach throat or sinews weak Otherwise if these conditions be wanting it is to be feared lest the Patient fall into shortness of breath Dropsie Trembling Convulsion Lethargy or some other grievous Disease This kind of Medicine is likewise grown out of date in our times seeing it is hard to observe all those conditions and so many dangers attend the undue use thereof For it is better to use other more safe Medicines which cool the whol Body and the Blood as Juleps and opening Emulsions Epithems Liniments and a Diet altogether cooling Juleps are made of the Decoction of Barley or Sorrel or Cichory or with Water of Cichory Endive Sorrel Lettice adding Syrup of Juyce of Cichory Lemmons Pomegranates Vinegar c. Whereunto also for the greater cooling and opening may be added some drops of Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur If the distilled Waters seem too crude or raw let them boyl with a little Species Triasantalon or Diamargaritum frigidum Emulsions may be made after this manner Take sweet Almonds blanched and steeped in Rose Water one ounce the four greater cool Seeds and Seeds of white Poppy of each two drams Beat them in a Marble Mortar powring on by little and little a pint and an half of Barley Water In the strained Liquor dissolve Sugar of Roses three ounces Make an Emulsion of Almond Milk for three Doses Which will be convement and is to be preferred before Juleps if there be want of Rest Epithems to be laid upon the Region of the Heart and Liver may be thus made Take Water of Roses Bugloss and Lettice of each three ounces Vinegar of Roses one ounce Pouder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum one dram and an half Camphire six grains Make an Epithem lay it upon the Region of the Heart Take Water of Endive Cichory Sorrel of each four ounces Vinegar of Roses an ounce and an half the three Sanders two drams and an half Make an Epithem for the Region of the Liver A cooling Oyntment may be anointed upon the Liver and Loyns of Vinegar of Roses Vnguentum Rosatum Vnguentum Refrigerans Galeni or Ceratum Santalinum washed in Vinegar tempered with Water If the Disease seem to lengthen after bleeding we must purge lest the wheyish and Chollerick Excrements putrefie and thereby a putrid Feaver arise But we must use such Medicines as purge without heating and agitation of Humors as Cassia Manna Syrup of Roses Tamarinds Catholicon and such like Ad hereunto a convenient Diet viz. Cooling moistening and thin of Broths made with cooling Herbs Prunes and sharp Apples boyled and Panadaes Let the Patients Drink be a Decoction of Barley Water boyled and Water with Bread boyled in it or mixed with Syrups of Maiden-hair or of Pomegranates Chap. 3. Of an Hectick Feaver AN Hectick Feaver occupies the solid Parts of the Body which constitute the Habit thereof and are commonly called Spermatical or fleshy in regard of which parts it is more fixed and rooted than other Feavers which are in the Spirits or Humors For which cause it is also termed Habitual because it is become Habitual and can hardly be removed from its subject There are many Divisions of this Feaver For first of all there is a Primary Hectick which begins of it self and another Secondary which follows other Feavers Secondly an Hectick Feaver is simple and solitary or joyned with a putrid Feaver Thirdly some Hecticks begin at the Heart others from other Parts as the Lungs Liver Spleen Kidneys Womb and other Parts inflamed ulcerated corrupted or possessed with some other grievous Disease And this Feaver though it have its habitual seat in the Heart and the whol Body yet is it commonly termed Symptomatical because of its first Original which it hath from other parts Galen makes three Degrees of an Hectick Feaver The first is the very beginning of an Hectick in which the Body is hardly extenuated yet the moist Humidity of the Body is inflamed consumes and dries The second comprehends the Augment and therein is an evident extenuation of the Body the fleshy and fat substance of the Body perishing The third contains the state of the Disease and its last age for it never comes to a declination because therein viz. in that degree it is incurable for then the fibrous and membranous substance of the Body is consumed and the whol Body is so extenuated that the Face of the Patient is like that described by Hippocrates nothing but skin and bone This last Degree is called Marasmus or rather Hectica Marasmodes because in a true Marasmus cold is joyned with dryness The Causes of an Hectick Feaver are divided into an Internal and External To the External are referred what ever Causes may occasion any of the other Feavers if the Action of Heating be continual and vehement or the Patients Body be apt to entertain this kind of Feaver Such are the heat of the Sun or of the Fire vehement Exercise Meats and Drinks that are heating immoderate Evacuations as in a Loosness and bloody-flux vehement passions of Mind and finally fasting in a Chollerick Body that is hot and dry of Constitution seeing Galen affirms that those Physitians that were wont to enjoyn their Patients to fast three daies together did bring Chollerick Constitutions by that means into burning and hectick Feavers The Internal Causes are burning and pestilential Feavers which do speedily consume the moisture of the Heart also a long slack Feaver Also some peculiar Disease of any of the bowels
heat of the Patient should be wholly extinguished And therefore it is only good when an Hectick is feared or in the beginning thereof and to such as are accustomed thereunto and while the Body is yet sufficiently ful of blood Motion of the Body is not good but the Patient must be enjoyned to rest howbeit before Meat if strength wil bear it some light exercise wil be good or instead thereof a few light frictions or rubbings may serve turn especially presently after sleep beginning at the inferior parts of the Body for they provoke the Humors outward And the Patient must be rubbed no longer than til a light redness begin to appear upon the Skin for to rub longer would dry the Body Carnal Embracements must be above al things avoided which do very much consume the substance of the Body Let the Patient sleep neither very long nor very little For long sleep encreaseth the heat of the Bowels by the retiring of the Natural warmth inwards too short sleep dries the body more But there is less inconvenience from sleeping a little over largely than too scantily because sleep doth exceedingly moisten which in this Feaver is very much to be desired Let the Patient sleep in a soft bed and that a Flock-bed not a Feather-bed and large enough Let the Patients Linnen be often changed which must be sprinkled with Rose-Water before they be put on If there be Costiveness the Belly must be provoked with a Suppository or a Clyster of Chicken Broth with Barley Mallows and Violet Leaves boyled in it adding Cassia Honey of Roses Butter and the Yolks of Eggs. Finally The Mind must be preserved in peace and cheerfulness avoiding vehement Perturbations as Anger Sadness Fear As for point of Medicaments fit for Hectick Persons they are Internal or External Among Internal in the first place Purgers must be considered and because addition is more necessary than detraction in this Disease Purgers can hardly be convenient unless a putrid Feaver be joyned with the Hectick Yet if the first Region of the Body seem filled with Excrements because of Crudities arising from a weak Stomach Purgation may safely be used with Cassia Manna or Syrup of Roses Nay verily if strength be not deficient the Infusion of Rhubarb may be given with a Decoction of Prunes Tamarinds Myrobalans Bugloss and Violets But Altering Medicines may be reduced into the form of Juleps Broths and Emulsions after this manner Take Waters of Endive Lettice Sorrel of each four ounces Syrup of Violets Water Lillies Apples of each one ounce Mix all into a Julep for three Doses to be taken at several times in one day and to be continued for divers daies together Or Take Whol Barley one pugil Leaves of Endive Cichory Lettice Pimpernel of each one handful Flowers of Borrage Bugloss Violets and Water-lillies of each one Pugil Damask Prunes three pair Boyl all to a pint and an half In the strained Liquor dissolve simple Syrup of Cichory and of Water-lillies of each two ounces Make of all a Julep for four Doses Of the same Simples with a Chicken or a Pullet may be made a Broth for the same use Or Take Roots of China one dram and an half Entire Barley two pugils the four greater cool Seeds half an ounce Beat all together and therewith fill the Belly of a Capon or yong Pullet and make Broth to which add Sugar of Roses half an ounce Let the Patient take of this broth a long time together It restores flesh and fatness Take sweet Almonds blanched and infused in cold Water one ounce the four greater cool Seeds and of white Poppy seeds of each one dram Beat all together in a marble mortar powring on by little and little a pint of barley Water In the strained Liquor dissolve Sugar Cakes made 〈◊〉 Pearl four ounces Make hereof an Almond Milk for three Doses If we be minded more powerfully to cool we must add to every Dose of the Julep or Emulâ—â—â—â— two scruples or one dram of Sal prunella In the use of Refrigerating things this is to be observed That we use not the more 〈…〉 of a sudden or frequently for they might extinguish a weak heat But it is better to 〈…〉 and little than suddenly And Moisteners are alwaies safer than Coolers because they exercâ—â—◠〈◊〉 Operations slowly While the foresaid Remedies are using we must be careful to strengthen the Bowels by a câ—â—â—â—nient Opiate which may be made after this manner Take Conserve of the flowers of Borrage Bugloss and Violets of each one ounce Conserve of the flowers of Water-lilly half an ounce Pouder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum four scruples Shavings of Ivory Bones found in hearts of Stags of each half a dram Pearls prepared and Coral prepared of each one scruple three Leaves of Beaten Gold With Syrup of Apples make of all an Electuary In extream consumption of the Flesh nourishing Clysters are frequently to be injected of the Broth of a Chicken or Weathers Head with Sugar and the Yolks of Eggs. But their Quantity must be smal or else compressing the Guts they wil provoke the Expulsive Faculty to drive them out But among other Medicines most convenient for Hectical Persons Milk is a principal one it being endued with all the qualities which can desired in this Disease namely of cooling and mostening it nourisheth much and is easily distributed into all parts of the Body In the use whereof the same Cautions must be observed which were set down in the Cure of a Consumption Among External Remedies a Bath of fresh Water is principal for it powerfully cools and moistens and relaxeth the external Parts that they may more readily receive Nourishment Among the Ancients the use of Baths was most frequent and there were four parts of the bathing place In the first somwhat warm they put off their Cloaths In the second there was a bathing Vessel of hot Water In the third a bathing Vessel of cold Water In the fourth the Sweatiness and Moisture was dried off Galen in 10. Meth. Chap. 19. doth thus moderate the use of these parts of the Bath That the Patients should be brought into the first part of the Bath which was heated with the vapor of the bath that the pores of their bodies might be opened then being anointed with fresh sweet Oyl they were to be plunged in the hot Water to moisten their bodies and then they were of a sudden to be thrown into the cold Water quickly to be taken out again and to be dried and anointed with Oyl that the pores being closed the moisture may be received from the hot bath might be retained But inasmuch as the Industrious Diligence of the Ancients in the use of bathing is long since out of use and our Practitioners have likewise left this Method of bathing Hectical persons which they judg unsafe seeing it is to be feared lest by the sudden receiving of the cold Water the Patients Body should be hurt and
when the same blazes out again they grow hot Assades Febris the Feaver so called is a kind of burning Feaver in which the sick do tumble and toss and are exceeding unquiet much oppressed with the disease being for the most Part subject to stomach sickness and vomiting Because it is wont to arise from the vexation of the Stomach by sharp and Chollerick Humors biting the orifice or Coats thereof The Feaver Elodes is that in which the Patient prepetually Sweats and it is caused by a mighty Putrefaction or Maliginty of Humors dissolving the Substance of the Body The Feaver Syncopalis is that in which the Patient often Swoones and Faints away Avicenna makes two sorts hereof one of thin sharp and Venemous Choller another of much Flegm or abundance of crude Humors The former is called Syncopalis Minuta because it arises from a little Quantity of Humor but thin and malignant The latter Avicenna doth call Syncopalis Humorosa vel Repletionalis because of a great Quantity of crude and Flegmatick Humors abounding therein and there is also Joyned a weakness of the mouth of the stomach by which means eâ—pecially the sick persons come to Swoon so often That Feaver is by Galen termed Epiala 2. de diff Feb. cap. 2. Lib. de inaequali intemperie cap. 8. in which at the same time through the whol Body in the smallest particles thereof there is felt both cold and heat For albeit one and the same Part cannot be the subject of contrary qualities yet is that which hath been said of this Feaver to be understood of the smallest particles in respect of sense but not indeed and in truth Galen shewes that this Feaver is caused two waies the one is by means or Glassy Flegm mingled with bitter Choller and â—o diffused into the whol body For Choller causes a sence of heat and the Flegm a sence of cold The other is by means of Glassy Flegm alone but partly putrefied and partly void of putrefaction For inasmuch as Glassy Flegm is extream cold and clammy it doth not readily putrefy nor al at once but only by peecemeal so that one portion thereof being putrefied the other remains unputrefied That Part of the said flegm therefore which is not putrefied being shed among the sensitive Parts causes a sence of cold by reason of the extream coldness thereof and that which is putrefied causes a sence of heat And so the whol body at one and the same time feels both cold and heat Platerus also hath invented a way how this Feaver may be bred viz. when intermitting Feavers or Agues do one fal upon the Neck of another the same day in the same Patient so that the cold fit of the latter Ague begins ere the hot sit of the former be ended or else when intermitting Feavers coâ—cide with those which are continual so that the heat of the continual Feaver and the cold of the Intermitting happen at one and the same time There are likewise other accidental differences of continual Feavers which because they are wont to be reckoned among the Symptomatick Feavers they shal be discussed forthwith in the Description of the said Symptomatick Feavers Now although the Cure of Symptomatick Feavers depend upon the Cure of those Diseases in particular from whence they arise yet must we declare their Nature least they come to be confounded with Essential or Primary Feavers Those therefore are called Symptomatical Feavers which arise from the Inflamation and putrefaction of Humors conteined in some of the Bowels Of which kind are those Feavers which accompany the Pleurisy Inflamation of the Lungs Frenzy Squinzy Inflamation of the Liver and other Inflamations Ulcers or Impostumes of the internal Parts And it is diligently to be observed as a thing of great moment in Practice and by few taken notice of that al Feavers perpetually which are Joyned with Inflamations of the Parts of the Body are not Symptomatical But that some of them are essential the foresaid Inflamations do follow upon them For it often falles out that Blood corrupted or filled with evil Humors after it hath raised a Feaver comes to be agitated by Nature and her as hurtful to her expelled to the weaker Parts or to such as are most convenient to receive them whereupon an Inflamation is caused in those Parts which doth not cause the Feaver but is rather a Consequent thereof So we may often see in the Course of our Practice the Patients sick of a continual Feaver for a day or two before Pain in the side and other Signes of a Pleurisy appears So many on the third or fourth day fal into a Phrensy so al Gouty persons in a manner before they are troubled with Pain swelling and Inflamation of their Joynts are wont to have a continual Feaver for a day or two So they which have the Rose or Saint Anthonies Fire have a Feaver somtime before the swelling break forth The same thing appears by the Urine which in such Inflamations as these do shew manifest signs of putrefaction in the Veins For in the beginning they appear crude and undigested and in the progress they shew tokens of concoction dayly encreasing Also Blood is often taken away very corrupt Which things would not happen if such Feavers were only Symptomatical simply depending upon those Inflamations And these Feavers whether they be Symptomatical or primary and attended by Inflamations of the Parts have their accidental differences For if the Inflamation be of Blood the Feaver is called Phlegmonodes if it be of Choller Typhodes And peculiarly an Erysipelas or Chollerick Inflamation of the stomach and Guts brings the Feavers called Zipyria in which the outward Parts are very cold and the inward Parts burn For the inward burning doth draw the Blood and spirits co the Part inflamed whereby the heat is so encreased that the inward Parts seem to be burned with unquenchable thirst but the outward are cold being destitute of heat and spirit Lenta Febris the flow or Lingring Feavers is wont also to be reckoned amongst Symptomatical Feavers which arises from some hidden obstruction and putrefaction sticking so close to some Bowel and so impacted that the substance of the Bowel is for the most Part Vitiated And when a portion of the putrid Humor is shed into the Veins and mixed with the Blood it stirrs up a slow Feaver and so mild that it troubles the Patient with no greivous symptom yea and the Patient is scarse sensible of any Feaver Yet some notes of putrefaction appear in the Pulse and Urin. And somtimes this Febris Lenta is bred of the putrefaction and corruption of some of the bowells because by the Veins inserted into that Bowel putrid and hot Vapors do breath unto the Heart Such a kind of Feaver is often bred in the Consumption of the Lungs which degenerates into an Hectick It is also somtimes caused when the substance of the Liver or spleen corrupts or when putrefaction settles upon the Mesentery
thick and clammy humors abound the Syrup of Vineger will be very profitable in stead of those last named Also somtimes Conserve of Roses Violets or Borrage is wont to be mingled with cleer Water boyled with Barley Water and to be strained through an Hippocras bag for ordinary drink unto which some drops of spirit of Vitriol may profitably be added Or a Tincture of Roses is made after this manner most delightful in colour and in tast Take Red Roses one ounce Bloodwarm Water three pints spirit of sulphur or Vitriol one dram and an half Let them stand infusing cold for three or four hours To the strainings add white Sugar four ounces Rose-Water half a pint Make thereof a clear Julep for ordinary drink Also Julepus Alexandrinus is very good and extream pleasant It is thus made Take Fountain Water one pint Rosewater Juyce of Lemmons and white Sugar of each four ounces Boyl them over a light fire till you have taken away the Scum As for other things pertaining to Diet Sleep is extream good and watchings bad Yet over much Sleep doth overwhelm the natural heat and hinder the Evacuation of excrements Rest is necessary in acute Feavers but in long Feavers light and gentle exercise is good Also we must endeavor that nothing be retained which ought naturally to be expelled howbeit al immoderate Evacuations which exhaust the strength are to be stopped and al vehement Perturbations of mind must be turned out of Doors Among manual Operations Blood-letting holds the cheifest place for it doth not only diminish plenitude whether it be a simple fulness so as to stretch the Vessels or only a fulness with reference to the strength of the Patient whether it be in the whol body or in some Part but also revels the influx of Humors Causing obstructions cools the whol body and makes it perspicable keeps back putrefaction and furthers the concoction of putrefying Humors Presently therefore and at the beginning of the Disease blood must be drawn unless weakness hinder as in the Swooning Feaver and other like Cases and that after the Belly hath been loosened with a Clyster or a Suppository How much blood should be taken it gathered from the Patients strength from the greatness of the Pleâ—hora Custom of the Patient to bleed or not to bleed and other circumstances The Antients in the Synochus Putrida and the burning Feaver did let blood til the Patient fainted away But it is much more safe as we have said in the Cure of a simple Synochus to take away at several times so much as shall be sufficient then suddenly to put the Patient in danger of death Avicenna in a burning Feaver and in a continual Tertian doth forbid letting blood unless the Urine be thick and red For he fears lest Choller should be the more inflamed which he saith is bridled by Blood But the wiser Physitians do explode this Opinion of his seeing these kind of Feavers are often terminated even by Nature her self by bleeding at the Nose and they do somtimes cause Frenzies and other Inflamations and finally because Blood-letting doth potently refrigerate doth rather stop than further the Ebulition or boyling and working of the Blood and Choller comes away as wel as Blood when a Vein is opened so that in that Mass of Blood which is in the greater Veins remaining there is the same proportion of blood to Choller which there was before Nay verily when a Vein is opened if the sick party be any thing lusty and the blood flow amain only the putrid Blood which is offensive to Nature is voided the purer remaining in the Veins which few Authors have taken notice of although it be in the course of Practice every where observable For if the Blood flow out of the Vein drop by drop it is the purest Blood because it comes out of the Vein by its own proper motion But if it spring out with a forceable stream it appears foul and corrupted Nature expelling the worser part of the Mass of Blood Howbeit Blood is more sparingly to be taken from such as are of a very Chollerick Constitution in the middle of Summers Heat and the Dog-Daies than in other Natures and times But in Flegmatick and Melanchollick Feavers Blood must be taken away in lesser quantity and evermore great regard is to be had to Coindicants and Contraindicants forasmuch as Quotidian Feavers do for the most part happen unto Children or old Persons in cold Countries and cold Seasons of the yeer which considerations do lessen the Quantity of Blood which otherwise the Disease or its Cause require should be taken away When the Feaver is caused by over much labor blood must be taken away more sparingly If a Feaver happen by over great use of Carnal Embracements Blood-letting is pernicious Concerning the time of Blood-letting it is to be noted That a Vein must not be opened presently after the Patient hath eaten but after Digestion is past and after the Patient hath been at stool Again Blood is to be let when the Feaver is most remiss and not in the vigor thereof for then Nature is not able to bear both the violence of the Disease and the loss of Blood As for the repletion of Blood-letting if the same be necessary to cause Evacuation it must be repeated the same day if for Revulsions sake on another day For where Evacuation is necessary especially in acute Diseases the Body must be suddenly changed into another condition also it often happens that a Disease is quickly past its first time or beginning so that afterward we cannot so conveniently open a Vein But in Revulsion we have respect to the motion of the Humors which is then best ordered when it is done at divers times some space being interposed whereby Nature becomes accustomed to a contrary motion For in the space between Bleedings the Blood which was shed into the parts regurgitates into the Veins and by another Blood-letting is profitably drawn forth We understand that Blood-letting must be iterated if that blood which was first drawn forth were very much corrupted and there is reason to think that there is yet a great quantity thereof abiding in the Veins Yea verily Although the Blood at first seem pure and uncorrupted yet must we not desist from taking the same away but continue so doing until it appear more impure and corrupted And truly that Precept delivered by Hippocrates in his 4. de Victus Rat. in Morbis acutis in the Cure of a Pleutisie may very profitably be observed in acute Feavers viz. That Blood-lettings be so long continued til the blood change color so that if at first corrupt blood come away we must let it run till it appear more pure and on the other side if at the first the blood appear laudable we must suffer to flow til that which is impure and corrupted be come away Yet is there some diversity to be observed in both Cases For if at first good
Blood come away blood ought to be again taken from the same Vein that putrid blood residing in the innermost parts of the Body may the sooner be drawn forth But if at first corrupt blood be taken away blood is next time to be taken out of the other Arm and afterwards out of the former again and so in course as oft as need shal require But if the Symptomes declare that the Putrefaction is in the inner branch of the Vena Cava descendent as heat and pain in the Loyns redness and thickness of the Urine after two or three Blood-lettings in the Arms it wil be convenient to draw Blood out of the Vena Saphena two or three several times If in the latter Blood-lettings some part of the Blood seem laudable and not so putrid as before it 's a sign that Nature doth repair and restore new good blood instead of the corrupt blood which hath been taken away Contrarily If the more is taken away the worse it comes it s a sign the Disease grows worse and that Putrefaction is encreased whence there is reason to fear a stupefaction of the Internal Parts The Vein in the bending of the Arm or the Basilica of the Mediana is for the most part to be opened in the right Arm most commonly somtimes in the left viz. when more distention is felt under the short Ribs on the left than on the right side Yet somtimes a Vein is profitably opened in the Foot if Revulsion be necessary and the Patient weak the Matter of the Disease being in the Head and the sick person molested with Head-ach and want of rest Frictions are seldom used in putrid Feavers unless it be in the Swooning Feavers the Cure of which we shall set down in the Cure of the Symptomes of Putrid Feavers towards the end of the next Chapter But Cupping-Glasses are more frequently used as being the Substitutes of Blood-letting in whose stead they serve when Weakness or Age of the Patient will not permit a Vein to be opened Medicinal Remedies are comprehended under a double kind whereof some are Evacuative others Alterative Under the Evacuative we comprehend Purgatives Vomitories Sudoroficks and Diureticks Under the Alterative we comprehend Coolers Attenuaters Cutters Openers and Strengtheners Of all which we shal set down the Composition and use in order according to the usual Method of Practice And that we may begin with Purgatives it s a great Question among Authors Whether or no they ought to be used in the beginning of Feavers Which Controversie omitting all Circumlocutions is thus determined In respect of the Matter immediately producing a continual putrid Feaver which is contained in the greater Veins Purgation is not convenient in the beginning unless the said Matter do heave and work being so stirred by Nature provoked by the ill quality thereof and endeavoring to expel it that thereby it becomes more disposed for expulsion and there be danger by the foresaid working thereof lest it rush into some noble part howbeit this seldom happening for the most part the Concoction thereof is to be expected before we undertake to evacuate the same by Purging Medicines But in respect of the Matter contained in the first Region if it be very much and do encrease the Feaver oppress Nature and divert her from concocting of that which is in the Veins Purgatives may be given the next day after Blood-letting but they must be gentle such as evacuate only the first Region Now that naughty Humors and Excrementitious do abound in the first Region that is to say in the Stomach Guts Mesentery or about the Midrif may be known by Stomach-sickness Bitterness of the Mouth Thirst Pain of the Stomach or some other part contained in the lower Belly Loosness of the belly and other Symptomes in regard of which Purgation is somtimes to be practised before Blood-letting Now the Medicines for this intent must be Cassia Manna Tamarinds Catholicum Electuarium lenitivum Diaprunum simplex Syrupus Rosaceus de Cichorio cum Rhabarbaro which may divers waies be compounded after this manner Take Cassia newly drawn one ounce Tamarinds half an ounce With Sugar make it into a Bolus Or Take Catholicum six drams Elect. lenitive or Diaprunes simple half an ounce Cream of Tartar one dram Make all into a Bolus Or Take Leaves of Endive Cichory Sorrel of each half a handful Tamarinds half an ounce Boyl all to three ounces In the strained Liquor dissolve Catholicum half an ounce Manna and Syrup of Roses of each an ounce Mix all into a Potion If you desire your Medicine a little stronger you may ad a dram or four scruples of Rhubarb infused in Endive or Cichory Water with yellow Sanders Yea and somtimes if the Feaver be not very strong two or three drams of Senna may be added to the Decoction Some reject Rhubarb because it heats also Manna and Syrup of Roses because being sweet they are soon turned into Choller But with cooling Waters or Decoctions Rhubarb being infused or Manna and such like dissolved can do no hurt especially if to the said Decoctions Tamarinds be added which are much commended to this intent or if the Pulp thereof be given dissolved in the Potion Some in Chollerick Feavers do use the Whey of Goats Milk and that very pertinently for it tempers the heat of the Feaver evacuates Choller and strengthens the Bowels In a Cup of Whey they steep all night one dram or one dram and an half of Rhubarb or they add two or three ounces of Syrup of Roses and so give it in the morning and afterward they give the Patient a quart of Whey more to drink that all the Whey may not be infected with the tast of the Medicament That kind of Purgation which is practised in the beginning of putrid Feavers the Vulgar Physitians call Minorative purgation and that which is practised when the morbifick matter is concocted they call eradicative purgation which is also convenient in the beginning as was said in the Judgment of Hippocrates if the matter be turgent Now this same turgescence and boyling as it were of the matter is known hereby because the Patient perceives in divers Parts light Pains which soon go away and shift suddenly from place to place and hath divers collours of the Face and other Parts so that somtimes there is a redness and then again a paleness in some Part of the Face And in a word the Patient is exceedingly tormented with anxiety and unquietness continually tumbling and tossing Howbeit that Rule of Hippocrates touching the use of Purgation when the morbifick matter doth ferment and work in the Patients body is not observed in ordinary Practice but when the Humors appear in their fermentation and Motion we do more safely apply our selves to Blood-letting and by that means we do more readily present the rushing of the stirred Humors into any noble Part which being agitated by the Purgation may more easily flow into the said Parts Somtime
also in the beginning of these Feavers Vomit is to be procured viz. when the Patient is much vexed with illness of stomach and with vomiting for then Nature endeavours to evacuate the morbifick matter upwards and the Physitian ought to assist her endeavours And many times it falls out that great Quantity of matter is conteined in the stomach and Parts thereabout which must be Evacuated as soon as possible may be by Vomit seeing no concoction can be expected of such excrementitious matter in so great a Quantity and what ever the Patient eats or drinks is changed into such a like Humor and encreases the Matter which is cause of the Disease For Fernelius hath well observed in his third Book of the Method of Healing Chap. 3. that all superfluity of Humors in the stomach spleen Pancreas Mesentery and the Cavity of the liver is conveniently emptied out by a Vomit which somtimes wil not be removed with Medicines that work downwards though divers times administred And it comes often to pass that the Matter being Vomited up the Feaver is taken away at the first which otherwise would have proved long in case that matter had been transmitted into the more inner Parts of the body and very wel mixed with the blood Now of the three degrees which we reckon of Vomitories the mildest is to be Chosen as Barley Water Luke-warm with Oyl of Almonds or common Oyl or with a little Quantity of white Vinegar Also Syrup of Vineger or Oxymel simple which Chicken broath or a Decoction of Dil Seed Raddish or Orach whereunto also Oyl may be added All which are to be given to the Quantity of a pint or more for in a less Quantity they abide in the stomach And seeing these weaker sorts of Vomits are of little efficacy we may somtimes apply our selves to those of the middle Rank which shall be propounded hereafter in the Cure of a Tertian Ague And not only in the beginning of the Disease before Blood-letting but also the whol Course thereof Clysters must be given every day or every other day if the Belly be not of it self very free made of a Decoction of Emollient and refrigerating things such as French Barley Prunes Mallowes Violet Leaves Mercury Leaves Beares-Foot Orach Lettice Endive Houseleek Water-Lillies dissolving therein Catholicum Cassia Diaprunum simple Red-Sugar Honey of Violets and Honey of Mercury Oyl of Water-Lillies Violets c. But in a violent hot Feaver it is better not to add the Oyls because they are easily enflamed Observe in the first place that not above three or four blades of Houseleek must go into one Clyster because it cools most potently and being taken in greater Quantity may hurt the Guts Observe secondly that in all Feavers of Choller Clysters are not to be injected actually hot but only Blood-warm In Feavers that spring from flegm Decoctions for Clysters are made of the Emollient Herbs with Annis Seed Seeds of Fennel and of Carthamus flowers of Chamomel and Melilote dissolving therein Hiera Picra Diaphoenicum Honey of Roses Honey of Mercury Oyl of Chamomel Dil or common Oyl And because as we noted before absolute and perfect Purgation which they cal Eradicative is not to be attempted till the Morbifick Cause be ripened and digested the Physitian from the beginning of the Disease after the first Blood-letting and when the passages nearest the stomach are clensed ought to use such Medicaments as prepare crude Humors for digestion and Evacuation and withal temper the Feaverish Heat hinder Putrefaction and open obstructions such as are Juleps broaths Emulsions and other things which shal be hereafter described Juleps are compounded in a Chollerick matter offending of Syrups of Lemmons Pomegranats Sowr-Grapes Vinegar simple of the Juyce of Sorrel of Cichory simple with Waters of Endive Sorrel Grass and Cichory Or better of the Decoction of the Roots of Sorrel and Cichory of the Leaves of Sorrel Maiden-Hair Garden Endive Dandelion the four cool Seeds Tamarinds with the Syrups aforesaid And sometimes that we may cool more effectually a dram of Sal Prunella is added for every Dose of the Julep or so much spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur as shall suffice for a moderate sharpness Sowr things are never to be omitted in Feavers springing from Choller because bitter things are sweetened by Sowr and acid things which if they are Sowr in an high degree as spirit of Vitriol and of Sulphur they deface the bitterness even of Aloes and Coloquintida Now yellow Choller being plundred of its bitterness iâ— dead And Harmles Juleps also of great Virtue may be made of Juyces and which are very grateful to the tast after this manner Take Juyce of Apples that smel sweet newly drawn out and setled four ounces Juyce of Lemmons three ounces Rose-Water two ounces Juyce of Pomegranats one ounce finest Sugar half a pound Make of al a clear Julep for three Doses If very thin Choller and sharp be in motion and cause either a Loosness or some other greivous fluxion Juleps must be compounded which thicken of Waters of Lettice Purslain Plantan flowers of Water Lilly Red Poppy and Violets with the Syrups aforesaid Yet we must observe that Syrup of Violets and other of the sweeter sort of Syrups are not to be given alone both because they loosen the stomach as also because ere they can Pass into the Veins they are turned into an hot Vapor which doth afterwards cause thirst to encrease And therefore there must evermore some Quantity of sharp Syrup be mixed with the sweet Syrups aforesaid that they may more easily peirce into the Veins and the better resist the Heat of the Feaver In the Progress of the Feaver when Coction begins to appear to the foresaid Decoctions must be added Roots of Asparagus and Liquoris Leaves of Agrimony Pimpernel Liverwort and Maiden-Hair In Flegmatick and Cronick Feavers things more cutting attenuating and opening are prescribed beginning with the more weak such as are Syrup of Vineger of Maiden-Hair Syrupus Bizantinus with a Decoction of Egrimony Maiden-Hair Betony Liquoris Raisens And in the progress of the Feaver unto the former we add Syrup of the opening Roots Vineger compound of Hyssop Oxymel simple and compound And to the Decoction we add the five opening Roots Leaves of Hyssop Carduus benedictus and if the matter be very impact Clammy and roapy of Germander and Centory Whereunto if Salt of Tartar and spirit of Vitriol be added they work more happily In Feavers springing from Melancholy such things are added which do moisten as Syrup of Violets of bugloss of Borrage and Apples towards the Beginning and afterwards Fumitory of Epithymum of the five opening Roots Oxymel of Squils with a Decoction first of Bugloss Borrage Cetrach or wall-fern Maiden Hair Fumitory Hops and afterward Dodder Scordium Centory Bark of Capers of the Ash-tree and of Tamarisk And finally in bastard Feavers which arise from the mixture of different evil Humors the Medicines aforesaid must be mixed together
a sharp Knife in the hand of an Infant or like a Sword in the hand of a Mad-man The first passages of the Body or first Region thereof being purged at least with one Purge a Vein is to be opened in the Wel-Day Yea verily And if the Patient be Plethorick the Urins red and thick the Cure is well begun by Blood-letting for the Purge will afterwards work the better If the Blood appear very Hot Adust or Putrid Bloodletting must be repeated which yet is left to the Judgment of the Physitian according as he finds the Patients constitution After Purgation and Phlebotomie we must endevor to prepare the Humors by Juleps such as were set down in the Cure of Continual Feavers the matter whereof must be varied according as Flegm or Melancholly is mingled with Choller as was observed in the place aforesaid In the mean time whilst the Medicines aforesaid are making the Feaverish heat is to be allaied with cooling Epithems applyed to the heart Liver such as were propounded in Continual Feavers with this Caution that they be never laid on but in the height of the Hot-Fit or rather when it first begins to abate To the Liver also and the Loins Oyntment of Roses or the cooling Oyntment of Galen may be applyed Also Emollient and cooling Clysters will be very good at the end of the Fit as well as in the beginning The matter being prepared certain daies by the use of Juleps Purgation must be again used with Senna Rhubarb Catholicum Syrup of Roses adding thereto Agarick if Flegm abound And And if the Patient be strong we may add Diaprunum Solutivum Electuarium de Succo Rosarum or Diaphaenicon The Body being again purged after the use of Juleps if the Fits return and seem longer than they were before it is a sign that gross Humors and such as stick fast in the Body do nourish the Feaver and breed Obstructions In regard of which clensing opening and cutting things are to be used The Principal of which is Wormwood which is exceedingly commended by Galen In his 1. Book ad Glauconem Chap. 9. and Century which in regard of the rare vertues it has in curing Agues is called Febrifuga that is to say Ague-Queller But because these Herbs are hot they may be qualified by the Commixture of cooling things after this manner Take Roots of Grass Cichory Asparagus of each one ounce Leaves of Agrimony Sorrel Cicbory Endive of each one handful vulgar Wormwood and Centaury of each an handful Boil all to a pint In the strained Liquor dissolve three ounces of Syrup of Lemmons Make all into a Julep for to be taken at three times in the morning The Juleps being finished a Purgation must be again administred or a Vomitory if Nature affect to discharge her self that way For then the signs of Concoction appearing these Feavers are somtimes happily Cured by Vomiting And Galen in his first Book ad Glauconem Chap. 10. Writes that many are Cured of this kind of Ague only by a Vomit yea verily and daily experience shews that Aqua Benedicta doth eradicate these Feavers or Agues for the most Part unless some contumacious obstructions of the Bowels do hinder Many Experiments hereof are propounded by Martinus Rulandus in the Centuries of his Cures But it is as was said before a vehement Medicament and not to be given without extream Caution Some give an ounce of Aqua Benedicta with the Infusion of half an ounce of Senna and so it works more by Stool than by Vomit Others use Cambogia others Mercurius Dulcis with Scammony Which Medicaments seeing they do potently Evacuate do often Pluck these kind of Feavers away by the Roots but they are to be given only to such as are strong of Constitution To these Medicaments exquisite Tertians and Bastard ones too are wont to give place But if the Agues do yet stubbornly resist as it ofttimes fals out Solemn Purgation must be made with an Apozem to be taken three daies made of the Materials of the foresaid Juleps adding thereto Senna Rhubarb Agarick Syrup of Roses of Cichory with Rhubarb and such like Yea verily and although the Ague be gone before the use of this Apozem if a Voluntary Loosness do not befal the Patient For the solution of an Ague by Sweat or insensible Transpiration as not to be trusted unto gives suspition of a Relapse because by them the thinner Part only of the Humor is Evacuated the thicker being left behind which can no other waies be Evacuated save by Stool Before the Apozem aforesaid be used if there be a Distension in the Parts under the short Ribs let this following Emollient attenuating and strengthening fomentation be applied Take Roots of Marsh-Mallows Grass and Asparagus of each one ounce Roots of Enula Campana and the middle Bark of Tamarisk of each half an ounce Leaves of Mallows Violets Agrimony Maiden-Hair and Wormwood of each an handfull Lin-Seed and Faenu-Greek Seed of each one ounce Flowers of Chamomel Melilot Roses of each a pugil Boyl all in three Parts of Water and one of white Wine put in towards the conclusion with two ounces of Vinegar with this Decoction foment the Parts under the short Ribs Morning and Evening for two daies before the use of the Apozem After Fomentation anoint the said Parts with this following Oyntment Take Oyl of Lillies Sweet Almonds and Tamarisk of each one ounce Oyntment of Marsh-Mallows two ounces and a little Wax Make all into a Liniment If after al these remedies the stubborn Ague do yet lengthen the time and keep its ground and the Patients Face appear swoln and palish also their Lege swel towards night they are to be plied with such Medicines as are commonly prescribed for obstructions of the Liver Among the rest Montanus doth very much commend the Decoction of Cichory and Germander in Broath which he saies is admirable in long Feavers that are caused by obstructions Yet it is to be noted that the length of a Tertian Ague is some times caused by an hot and dry distemper of the Liver whith perpetually produces a Chollerick Humor the Cause of new Fits Which is often observed in many which being of a dry and meagre constitution of body and wholly Chollerick have had a Tertian Ague three or four months together especially in the more hot season of the yeer without any tension of their Bowels or any aboundance of Humours To such as these strong purgers and strong aperitives or heaters do hurt But such as these are to be plied with a cooling and moistening diet with Juleps and Broaths of the same Nature And the superfluous Humors are to be Purged away by little and little with Emollient and Refrigerating Clysters with Cassia Tamarinds Catholicon and Syrup of Roses But in this case especially great miracles are performed by a bath of Blood-warm Water which doth extinguish the hot and dry distemper which is imprinted upon the Bowels Let the Patient use these baths
little but the malignant quality intense and then the Feaver in regard of putrefaction shews no such bad symptoms seems remiss yet the strength of the patient is more than ordinarily weakned For somtimes the putrefaction is so remiss that it is in a manner none at all but the malignant quality in a very high degree and then we have a Feaver which seems neither to the Patient nor by standers any thing troublesom but it seems at first sight mild as mild can be when as indeed and intruth it is very mortall for when the malignant qualitie is increased the patients strength is dejected and the Heart wholly overwhelmed and this kind of Feaver doth not only deceive the Patients and by-standers but somtimes the Physitians themselves are thereby cheated whiles there being no sign present either by crudity or pravity of Humors the Pulse being in a manner in it's natural state and the heat of the Body at first appearance seeming mild and gentle it leads unto destruction Som such thing is likewise wont to happen in the first difference viz. When it is joyned with the highest degree of malignity for putrefaction being by convenient medicaments subdued and the signes of recovery appearing death notwithstanding somtimes ensues by reason the malignant quality did remaine uncorrected And finally the differences of a Pestilent Feaver are taken from its adjuncts and they are very many and most evident for there is no evil symptom nor kind of deadly disease which is not somtimes joyned with this Feaver The symptomes are Head-ach Watchings Raveings Dead sleepes Thirst Stomach-Sickness and Vomiting want of Appetite Swooning Fainting Hiccoughing Unquietness Loosness Sweats and such like which are common also to other kind of Feavers But there is one Symptom proper and peculiar to a pestilential Feaver which doth not happen in other Feavers viz. Purple Specks or Spots on the whol Body but especially in the Loyns the breast and back like unto Flea-bitings for the most part which the Italian Physitians name Peticulae or Petechiae and these Feavers which have these Symptoms are commonly named Purpuratae or Petechialis Purple or Spotted Feavers For these Purple Spots do not appear in all Pestilential Feavers but when they appear they are a most certain Sign of a pestilential Feaver Now we call them Purple Spots because they are for the most part of a Purple colour Yet they are many times of a violet colour Green blewish or black and then they are far worse and do signifie greater Malignity And although these Spots are for the most part like Flea-biâ—ings yet they appear somwhat greater So as to represent those black and blew marks which remain after whipping and then they are worse And somtimes they are very large and possess whol Members and a great part of the body viz. the Arms Thighs and back and then the parts appear tainted with redness which in few hours oftentimes vanisheth away and then returns again as it were by Fits whilst the Feaver undergoes it's Fits or Exacerbations wherein the blood boiling doth send forth it 's thinner Exhalations to the surface of the Skin by which the Skin is not swelled but only infected with a red Color Oftentimes notwithstanding by these Ebullitions the Skin is in divers parts puffed up with a certain redness and makes certain broad and soft tumors in the Skin which in a few hours vanish away and are commonly called Ebullitions of the blood In these and the aforesaid there is alwaies some Malignity but so light that it threatens no danger unless in the progress of the Disease it prove more intense Now the Spots aforesaid like to Flea-bitings do differ from those Pushes which are wont also somtimes to appear in these Feavers and are mentioned by Hippocrates in Epidemiis which have an Head and are a kind of Tumors which come somtimes to Suppuration or Exulceration But the Purple Spots have as was said no eminence or Head and were unknown to the Antients being described only by later Physitians of after Ages As to those Diseases which are joyned to a Pestilential Feaver we may affirm what hath been said of the Sym ptoms viz. that many deadly Diseases are joyned with these Feavers namely Phrensies Squâ— iâ—es Pleurisies Inflamations of the Lungs Inflamations of the Liver bloody Fluxes and very many more But the chief Diseases which shew themselves in a Pestilential Feaver are two viz. a Pestilent Bubo and a Carbuncle which declare the venemous quality to be in the highest degree and are not found but in the true Pestilence and are wont commonly to accompany the same So that the common People call them by the very name of the Pestilence The Causes of Pestilential Feavers are some Internal others External and the Internal are some Immediate others Mediate The Immediate Cause of this Disease as we hinted before is a corruption of the Humors joyned with putrefaction From the Corruption they acquire an evil and venemous Quality and from Putrefaction the Feaver is bred The Mediate Causes are a Plethory Cacochymie and Obstructions Now we understand such a Plethory or fulness of Blood not as distends the Vessels but such at least as the strength of the Patient cannot master which not being regulated by Nature doth easily undergo Corruption and Putrefaction Now a Cacochymie or abundance of evil Humors is easily corrupted and putrefied Finally Obstructions are apt to breed all kind of Feavers forasmuch as Humors being close shut up in an hot and moist place wanting free transpiration do casily putrefie The Internal Mediate Causes are by Authors commonly called Morbosus Apparatus a sickly Disposition of Body and the efficacy thereof is so great that it alone is somtimes sufficient to produce a gentle Pestilential Feaver such as is commonly called a Malignant Feaver simply or a Purple Feaver without the Intervention of any External or common Cause For we oft-times see when the year is not Pestilential and there is no Epidemical sickness abroad some persons through the evil Condition of their Humors fall into such Feavers which are accompanied with many Symptoms of Malignancy yea and with other Purple spots Concerning the point of Obstruction we must observe that it doth necessarily concur as the principal Cause in Malignant Feavers which proceed from Internal Causes and are not Epidemical but that Epidemical Feavers which proceed from a common Cause viz. A Pestilent constitution of the Air or are gotten by Contagion have not necessarily any Obstructions for their Cause For the venemous quality is received only by breathing in the corrupt Air or only by Infection from others by which venemous Quality the Humors of the Body declining from their own proper Nature do of their own accord putrefie For even as Fruits that will not keep and other things apâ— to corrupt though they have never so much freedom of the Air yet cannot be preserved from Corruption Even so the Humors when they have conceived that pernitious Quality
an even balance out of which diversity of influences notwithstanding it could hardly come to pass but that som parcel of things so different should sometiems suffer not in any whol kind oâ— sort which should tend to the destruction of the universe but only in some individuals that were less able to resist and for the most part misaffecred and only in some part of the Air more disposed to receive malignant influences From whence we may conclude that those corruptions doe chiefly depend upon the defect of sublunary bodies forasmuch as many places are in the world where the air is so perfectly constituted and the inhabitants â—o evenly tempered that let never so malignant Influences of Starrs showâ— upon them yet are they never infected whith other pestilence To the same kind of Causes must we refer the Defects and Eclipses of Sun and Moon unusual Meteors and especially Blazing Stars which are never wont to appear but that Epidemical and Pestilential Sicknesses and Divers changes in the World do follow as is Consirmed by the experiments of many Histories whence that usually Cited verse of Claudian is become as a Proverb In Caelo nunquam Spectatum impune Cometam A blazing Star does not appear But some Beholders plagued are A most evident witnes whereof was that hairy Comet which appeared Anno 1618. Towards the East on the 27 of November and was afterwards seen near upon the whol Moneth of December moving and shining It 's thicker and more solid part being turned towards the Sun did behold the East and did far exceed Venus both in the clearnes of its shining and in its largnes thickly compacted and conglobated together The remaining part being more thin and less enlightened by the Sun because of its thinnes did move like fairly spred beard and stretched towards the West This Comet first appeared under the sign of Libra nere the Aequinoctial Line but by a private and peculiar motion of its own it was carryed from thence through the feet of Virgo the middle of Bootes and the tail of the greater Bear And at length its light decreasing by little and little and the matter whereof it consisted being dissipated it vanished betwen the great Bear and the Dragon It was carried with the common motion of the Stars from East to West but it seemed to be moved som what swifter than the Stars for in the first Daies of its Apparition it was wont to rise a little before five in the morning and afterwards it rose about four a Clock and before four and so sooner and sooner till it prevented the Midnight and Bed-time And we have reason to believe that this Comet was the Prognostick and sorerunner of malignant and pestilential Diseases and also of those Wars wherewith whole Europe in a manner hath since that time been laid Wast And although the Air be chief among the mediate Causes of malignant and pestilential Feavers yet sure enough other non-natural things do concur to their generation as I shall particularly and berifly declare The next to air are Aliments because bad Diet Causth a sickly disposition of the body which is an internal efficient and Causasine qua non or malignant and Pestilential Feavers Whereupon Galen in his Book De Cibis boni et mali Succi and in the 1. de Differ Feb. Chap. 3. Does demonstrate that from bad and corrupt Diet Pestilential Diseases do arise Now meats are said to be evil and the Causes of those diseases in many respects And in the first place when the Fruits of the Earth and of Trees by reason of a bad constitution of the year viz. Over moist or over dry or corrupted by mists or some tempestuous weather or some malignant influence of the stars do being eaten produce bad Juices in the body Secondly when there is great Famine and scarcity of Corn From whence came that Proverb Ho loimos meta limon the Plague follows famine For then the poor common People are forced to fill their bellies with such meats as are cheap and bad whence arises abundance of bad Humors And which is much worse when a plenty presently followes famine they do then suddenly cram themselves with much meat which by the languishing heat of their internal parts cannot be well digested and thereupon those meats come to participate of a malignant putrefaction Thirdly VVhen Aliments which in their own Nature are good do by some way or other gain putrefaction or some evil qualitie such are wheat barly beans and pease and other kind of grain which being either overlong kept or ill laid up in a moist place or otherwise misaffected do come to be musty or have some other putrefactive qualitie Such is flesh over long kept or stinking or such as is of beasts that were not killed but died of some disease as Julius Obsequens relates that in the Isle called Lipara when the Sea was made hot the fires which by meanes of an Earth-quake were forcibly vomited out of the Mount Aetina and had boiled the Fishes casting them upon the shoâ—â—â— the Inhabitants eating greedily of those Fishes a sore Pestilence followed Neither is there less power in drinks when putrid and corrupted wines or beer or other liquors are drunk or when water is drunk out of putrid and muddy Lakes or otherwaies infected As good Histories do â—â—stiâ—ie that numerous Armies have been destroied by pestilential Diseases with drinking such waters These non-natural things mentioned viz. Ayr and Meates and drinks have the greatest force to engender malignant Feavers but the four remaining viz. things voided or retained Motion and Rest Sleep and waking with Pamons of the Mind are of less efficacy and do only concur as adjuvaut Causes or such as dispose the body to conceive a malignant pucrefaction as in our exposition of them shal preâ—ently appâ—ar The â—â—tention of Courses in women or of some other accustomed evacuation Men as of the Hemorrhoides bleeâ—â—ing at nose and Loosenes which betides some persons at certain seasons when they happen in a pestilential year they are wont to produce a malignant disease For those things which are wont to be avoided as superfluous and burdensome to Nature if they be retained in the body they do easily conceive putrefaction so likewise over great evacuations either of blood or other humors do much weaken the Body and do Cause that Natural Heat being weakned it is soon infected by the vitious and pestilential impurities of the Air. As for motion and rest certain it is that overmuch Idleness is a Cause that Natural heat is not sufficiently eâ—entilated and consequently the Humors conceive putrefaction so over great exercise does very much open the pores and dissolves the Heat whereupon the body becoming weak and more apt to take impression does easily receive the Infection And too much sleep makes many Excrements and fils the body with Humidities which easily putrefie but too much watching does engender Crudities and they easily putresie because Natural Heat cannot wel
and peculiar Signs of a malignant Feaver For they are found in no other kind of Feaver forasmuch as they do arise from a vitious quality of the blood or other humors joyned with malignity Yet there do appear in other diseases spots very like unto those aforesaid but springing from a far different Cause viz. From the over thinnes of the blood which being exagitated by the heat or the expulsive faculty does sprout forth of the Capillary Veins into the Skin These spots are wont for the most part to appear in such as have some flux of blood because the blood in such is more thin and watry and also in splenetick persons in such as have the Jaundise and old obstructions of the Bowels and in a word in al such who by reason of the weaknes of their Bowels do breed watry blood and are apt to fal into a Cachexy For in such persons the blood being made thinner than ordinary sometimes flows out at the Nose somtimes at some other part and somtimes it comes out of the Capillary Veins into the Skin where being retained it losethits own coluor and becomes either blewish or black or light red and causes great variety of spots which notwithstanding are very far different from the spots of pestilential feavers and do argue nothing but the watry thinness of the blood and weakness of the Liver Now those spots which come out in Pestilential feavers do arise from Humors putrefiing and infected with an evil quality Furthermore those spots do break out somtimes critically and somtimes Symptomatically Critically when as Nature haveing either in Part or in whol overcome the putrefaction and corrected the bad quality does drive the corrupt humor to the external parts And then the disease is evermore abated Symptomatically when Nature is pricked forward by the quantity or evil quality of the morbifick matter does transmit a portion thereof unto the Skin before it be concocted or the evil quality thereof amended And from thence the Patient receives no Ease but rather Nature haveing unprofitably wrastled with the disease it is a token rather that shee is conquered than conquers The Colours of these spots are divers and do show the Diversity of the humors by which they are bred For the red spots are bred of the purer sort of blood and the black from chollerick blood more or less adust As for the store of these spots somtime they appear in greater numbers and somtimes in less They begin to appear somtimes on the fourth fifth seventh or ninth or some other critical day if their coming out portend any good somtimes on other daies when there is little good to be hoped for thereby Somtimes they are seen in al parts of the body but most frequently in the Loynes brest and Neck Now the Diseases which come upon a pestilential feaver for the most part are somthing coming out like Pox called Exanthemata Pushes and Ulcers of the Mouth Carbuncles Risings in the Groyn and behind the Ears The Exanthemata aforesaid differ from the purple spots because in the spots there is only the color changed but here is a certain rising in these Exanthemata to an head Somtimes they are like warts and somtimes less resembling millet seed Somtimes they are red being caused by blood somtimes white proceeding of flegm or Serosities yellow from choller purple from adust Choller blewish or black by reason of great burning or Mortification Some break out Symptomatically others Critically others in a middle way Some dry away others come to matter others grow to be ulcerous To these may be referred pushes appearing in the Mouth which have al the differences of the forsaid Exanthemata and are somtimes so malignant that the sick can hardly endure to eat and drink From Children they often Cause Death because they wil not endure the pain of eating and drinking These pushes do somtimes degenerate into Ulcers which breed very great trouble to the patients hindering the motion of their tongue and especially their swallowing But somtimes Ulcers are bred in the Mouth immediately without any pustules or pushes foregoing which the Greeks cal Aphthe of which there are many sorts For some are superficial others profound some clean others foul some benign others malignant some with a Crust others without And the Crust is somtimes white somtimes yellow somtimes blewish or black Those which are deep filthy and malignant and that have a black Crust are the most dangerous Carbuncles and Buboes are wont to rise in divers parts of the body but especialy where the Glandules are because the expulsive faculty being provoked by a malignant quality does expel the pernicious matter from the internal parts especially the more noble ones to the external so that from the Brain shee sends it to the Glandules or kernels behind the Ears from the Heart to the Arm-pits from the Liver to the Groyns whence swellings under the Ears called Parotides those in the Groyn called Bubones do arise Which kinds of tumors do cheifly appear in a true pestilential feaver especially those in the Groyn which therefore the common people call the Pest or Plague But Carbuncles and Parotides orrisings behind the Ears do also break out in malignant Feavers but in such as are at the top of malignity and come very neer the Nature of true Pestilential Feavers Signs commemorative are chiefly in request when Physitians are called to view the Corps of the dead at â—uch times as there is a Plague abroad or some suspition thereof that it may be known whether the party died of the plague or not And first of al in such dead bodies there do somtimes appear those spots of which we spake before and somtimes marks or stripes as it were after whipping for these are the tokens of a Pestilential disease and venemous seeing those that are poysoned have also these signs And those spots do especially denote the Pestilence when they are of a lead Color or black Also those Exanthemata spoken of before do shew the same especially if they have a bad Color but much more the Buboes Tarotides and Carbuncles whereunto may be added such signs as have appeared in the Course of the disease for the recounting of them wil make a certain demonstration The Prognostick of Pestilential Feavers is so uncertain that nothing can be certainly affirmed touching their Event until certain tokens appear either that Nature or the disease hath gotten victory which is not wont to happen unless about the end of the state or the Beginning of the Declination Where the discreet Physitian ought to delay and suspend his Judgment touching the Issue of the disease in the Beginning and the Augment Wee must nevertheless propound the chief tokens out of which we may draw a great Conjecture whether the disease wil end in Death or Health by help whereof we may foresee what is to be hoped or feared yet not being over confident for Experience hath taught us that many have escaped
be noted that if the disease proceed slowly the blood-lettings must not be hastened for the patients strength is too soon weakened so that it cannot hold out til al the morbisick matter be expelled According therefore as the disease is moved so the Physitian ought sooner or later to let the Patient blood And there is a great Controversie whether Purple spots or wheales appear Phlebotomy is to be used For some account it to be an hamous Crime to let blood when the Exanthemaia appear because at that time the humors are moved from the Centre to the Circumference which motion must be by al meanes furthered and by blood-letting the humors are put into a clean contrary motion and the blood is drawn from the Circumference to the Centre when as the inner parts being emptied it must needs be that the blood contained in the outward parts should run inwards again which Galen plainly teacheth in his 9 Desanit Tuend Cap. 10. viz. That the Blood when a vein is opened does flow back from the whol bulk of the body into the internal parts And the same Galen in his Comment upon the 9 Epidem Does conjecture that Simon of whom Hippocrates spake haveing broad pushes came out had no good from his vomit because such juyces were thereby to be evacuated which took their Course to the Skin Howbeit by the more sound Advice of Doctors it 's concluded that the Purple spots appearing in the beginning of the disease and on those dayes in which a vein is wont to be opened if blood were not sufficienly taken away before it must even then be drawn in immoderate quantity Nether is there any danger to be feared by so doing seeing that same Eruption of wheals which comes in the beginning of the disease is not critical but Symptomatical only arising from an exceeding ebullition of blood and from the fervency of malignant and putrefying Humors and therefore the Motion of Nature cannot be hindered when there is more to hinder For in Case the Pacients body being Plethorick the Urme thick and red you shal not let blood because of the Exanthemata or wheales breaking forth Nature wil scarce be able to Master such a quantity of Humors and it is to be feared least they should rush into some internal part of the body and breed therein a pernicious inflamation Howbeit blood at such a time must be sparingly taken away not so as the veines may be emptyed which might cause a retraction of the evil humors inward again but only so as to take away their over great abundance which being taken away the veines draw no new blood but only fal a little together as it were and become a litle loosened so as to purse themselves the better and consequently to be the better able to rule the remaining blood And so is the motion and expulsion of Nature furthered which she endeavours towards the Surface of the body for she being eased of part of her load wherewith she was oppressed does more easily cast off the remainder and drive the same out Which we doe every where behold in our practice whiles the very same day oftentimes in which a vein is opened yea verily somtimes a few hours after pleantiful sweats critical and healthy doe break forth And in truth though nature were so strong that she could sufficiently rule al the redundant blood seeing that in plet horick bodies the blood is wont to be thick and by these eruptions into the Skin the thinner part of the blood only is evacuated and the thicker abiding in the veines does more and more putrefie and makes the disease much more dangerous But I hold the most advised Course to be a little after the Blood-letting to fasten many Cupping glasses that the motion of the humors to the outward parts may be hereby the more assisted of the Admonstration of which cupping-glasses we shal speak by and by Now it must be diligently noted as we said before that we observe the time in which the Exanthemata do begin to appear For if it be in the beginning of the disease and before the fourth day in which time their breaking forth cannot be critical and no help comes to the patient thereby but the symptomes do rather grow more vehement in which regard blood-letting ought by no meanes to be hindred But if they break forth after the fonrth day and that in great quantity so that the sick party is thereby bettered and the symptoms lessened it is much betteer to abstain from blood-letting and to fix many Cupping-glasses with Scarrification that the motion of the Humors out wards may thereby be wel furthered What wee have hitherto said of blood-letting is to be understood of opening a vein in the Arm which does quickly diminish the blood Howbeit somtimes t is very profitable to open the inferior veins viz. if the patient be weak and cannot suffer a reiteration of the former phlebotomy But this is especially good in women for it is as Ribasius saies Lib. 7. Chap. 10. proper to women and very efficatious because it imitates the manner of their Natural evacuations Yea verily when they want their courses that kind of bleeding is proper for women because naturally they have much blood in these veines which are high the womb Also it is good for such in whom we fear a translation of the matter into the brain which is often wont to happen in these Feavers and to cause a Phrensie Which may be perceived easily as we said in the prognostick by the Urins thin white and void of Color and when the Urins are so it wil be very good to open the inferior Veines Also Oribasius relates in the forecited place that he was taken with a pestilential Feaver and having two pound of blood drawn from his inferior veines he recovered and al that used the like bleeding were recovered The opening of the Hemorrhoid veines by Horsleeches workes the same effect For seeing by this meanes the blood is drawn out by little and little there follows little abatement of strength Yet is the blood revelled from the in most bowells where is wont to be the Heat and the Matter which foments the disease and this is special good for Melanchollick persons because in such Nature is wont to evacuate earthly blood by these waies After Sufficient blood-letting Revulsions must be celebrated by Cupping-glasses both dry and with Scarrification Dry ones when we would only revel but Scarrified ones when the redundancy of blood is not wholly taken away by blood-letting which the patients strength could no longer bear For blood is drawn by Cupping with much less expence of strength and besides the venemous spirits lurking within are thereby drawn to the Surface of the body But Authors agree not touching the places where Cupping-glasses are to be applied for some and especialy al Italian Physitians very neer do hold they ought to be applied to the inferior parts viz. to the thighs and buttocks and
work and puresie it clenses both it self and the Vessel Now this working doth commonly happen to Children howbeit somtimes to those that are elder and have attained Mans estate because it is evermore set on work by some external Cause such as is especially a certain disposition of ayr proportionable to this disease whence it comes to pass that somtimes the smal Pocks somtimes the Measles are rise because the Ayr is somtimes enclined to the one and somtimes to the other Neither can those impurites of the Mothers blood infect her and cause in her the same diseases althought Hippocrates saies in his Book de Natura Pueri that there are three parts of the blood one most pure with which the Child is nourished another impure wherewith the Mother is nourished and another most impurer which is kept in the Veins of the Womb the whol time of Going with Child and after the Birth is purged away in the Child-bed purgations For first seeing the Mother hath parts more hard and solid they do not so soon take impresion as the tender and soft body of the Child Again that most impure part of the blood which is kept in the Veins of the womb and of the After-birth the whol time of belly-bearing doth infect the blood in the passage which is carryed through those parts to Nourish the Child whence the Child contracts and evil quality which in its time is the Cause of that ebullition in the blood of the Child But that impurest part of the blood remaining in the foresaid places doth not infect the body of the Mother Furthermore it s not to be wondered at that the breaking out of the smal Pocks and Measles is somtimes so long deferred as that some have them at Mans estate For those impurites do not substantially remain in the body as many imagine for they would be corrupted by long stay and acquire a most grevious putrefaction But only an evil quality is by them imprinted upon the parts of the Child which in process of time infecting some part of the humors becomes offensive to Nature which then rowsing her self doth drive those infected portions of the humors into the Skin And forasmuch as in the Mass of blood a twosold excrement is found the one thick the other thin of the thick the smal Pocks are bred of the thin the Measles And although the evil and malignant quality be one and the same insecting both excrements yet because the Nature of the excrements is different the Analogy of the external Cause unto them both is Different whence it comes to pass that sometimes the smal Pocks and somtimes the Measles are Epidemically spread abroad And although the smal Pocks are wont to break forth in the whol body yet are they wont to appear in greatest quantity in the face feet and hands which is otherwise in the purple spots of the Purple Feaver for they appear most on the breast and back The Cause of which difference is this that inasmuch as the smal Pocks arise from an ebullition of the blood by help whereof an Excretion is made of the excrements lurking therein unto the Skin and the Liver being the Fountain and original of blood whose Emunctories are the Face Hands and Feet whence it comes that such as have hot Livers have red and rubied faces and feel intense heat in the palmes of their hands and Soals of their feet it follows that the smal Pocks and Measles must come out there more than any where else Contrarywise the purple spotts which appear in malignant Feavers do arise principally from the Misaffection of the Heart and therfore they break out chiefly in parts near the Heart and especially about the Loines because in them the Vena Cava ascendens and the Arteria aorta which are annexed unto the Hair have their Course Also another difference is to be noted between the smal Pocks and Purples because the smal Pocks and Measles appearing on the third or fourth day from the beginning of the Feaver are wont to be critical and for the most part void of danger but the purple spots though they appear on the seventh day are commonly Symptomatical and render the disease worse whenas a man would think it should be otherwise for a disease is more crude on the fourth than the seveuth day But the Cause of this difference consists herein that in the smal Pocks and Measles the Feaver commonly begins at the highest so that not only on the third and fourth day but also on the first or second daies excretions may be in them critical But malignant Feavers proceed more slowly and their beginning is commonly Extended to the seventh day so that Excretions which then happen cannot be critical Now that the Pox and Measles come so soon to their state and not the malignant Feavers is hence because the Pox and Measle-Feaver comes from the lightest putrefaction and rather from an Ebullition of the blood than from any intense putrefaction of the matter and therfore Nature by help of Coction makes it to cease before the seventh day because it was a light Feaver and rose from the slightest Causes But in malignant Feavers so great and fordid is the putrefaction that it cannot be corrected in the fourteenth nor somtimes in the twentieth day And therefore the spotts breaking out before that time the disease is exasperated because Nature was forced to expel them without Concoction and symptomatically The expulsion therefore of smal pox and Measles is caused by an Ebullition of the blood which Ebullition according to Avicennas doctrine is twofold the one perfective the other corruptive The perfective or depurative is that in which only the impurer and excrementitious parts of the blood are by Nature purged forth that the whol mass may afterward remain pure and then the smal Pocks are innocent which are cured without any help of Physick But the corruptive is wherein not onely the excrementitous parts of the blood but the sincere blood it self is putrefied whence arise dangerous and deadly pox and according as there is more or less putrefaction in more in more or fewer parts of the blood so is the danger more or less This corruptive Ebullition doth cheifly happen when those diseases are epidemical being occasioned by a malignant Constitution of the Air by which an ebullition of the humors and a malignant putrefaction is caused whonce many and dangerous smal Pocks are caused which are somtimes according to Rhasis the Forerunners of the Plague Pocks and Measles are reckoned among acute diseases because ordinarily they are terminated within the space of fourteen daies Now som do wittily observe a double order of times in times in this disease viz. the time of ebullition and the time of eruption the time of ebullition is commonly terminated in four daies so that the first day is counted the beginning the second the Augment the third the state and the fourth the declination for then the Feaver and other symptomes
are wont to remit But the beginning of the Eruption of the Pox is the fourth day it self the Augment reaches to the seventh the state until the eleventh the declination unto the fourteenth at which time the Pocks are dried Howbeit oftentimes they are not dry until the twentieth day Differences of sinall Pocks and Measles are taken either from the substance in regard of which some are more or less Flegmatick Bloody Chollerick or Melanchollick or from the Quantity in which regard they are more or less in number greater or less profound or Superficial or from the Quality in which respect some are red others white yellowish Violet colored Livid black according to the diversity of Humors of which they are compounded or from the time in respect whereof some come quickly out others slowly some are soon others late ripe or dissolved or from the place in which respect some occupy only the Skin others do seaz upon the internal Parts also as the Throat Lungs Guts Liver Spleen and other bowels The Diagnosis respects either the Disease present or at hand The smal Pocks and Measles when they are present are subject to the outward Sences and need therefore no other signs But these signs following declare them to be at hand Pain in the Head with Pulsation in the Forehead and Temples great Sleepiness Terrors in Sleep sometimes Ravings Tremblings and Convulsions Sneezings frequent Yawning Hoarsness Cough Difficulty in breathing Heat Redness and Sence of pricking over the whol body Pain of the back which comes sometimes alone or appearing with few other Symptoms in a Synorchus Feaver it shews the smal Pocks will come out For seeing through the back are carried the great Vein and Artery in which the malignant blood boiling does send forth sharp vapors to the Nerves and neighboring Membranes it must needs be that pains should be felt especially in those parts Great Anxiety and unquietnels Tears flowing of themselves Shining before the Eyes and their Itching a swelling of the Face with some Redness A vehemency of the Symptoms at first so that the Disease seems of a sudden to have attained its vigor All which are caused eather by many and thick vapors sent up by the boiling of the blood into the Head Diaphragm and other parts or from the Nature of the Pocks themselves now beginning to invade the parts or by a Fluxion caused by heat which dissolves the Humors in the Brain It 's of great Moment to foresee the smal Pox but much more to foretel their event which the following Prognostick Signs wil declare And in the first place those smal Pox are wont to be void of danger which come out soon and easily and do quickly ripen In which the Feaver is moderate without great Symptomes which ceases after they are come out or is very much abated In which the voyce is free and breathing easie Smal Pox which at first are red and white soft distinct few round pointed coming only in the Skin and not inwardly are wont to be safe All the Signs aforesaid do signifie the paucity of the Morbifick Matter it 's Obsequiousness Benignity and the strength of Nature lustily expelling Contrary wise dangerous and deadly Pox are known by a great Feaver which lessens not after they are broak forth for it signifies the malignant and venemous humors are not sufficienly expelled unto the Skin but that the greatest part of them remains yet in the Veins Great anxiety and unquietness which comes from the same humors boiling in the Veins Difficulty of breathing which signifies either pustles or Impostumes in the Lungs or a Squinsie or great decay of strength Great thirst which declares the inward burning and if with the thirst shortness of breath be encreased Death is at hand A Loosness or bloody Flux which shews the malignant humors have their recourse inward which is a course quite contrary to that of Nature and therefore deadly so that few of those which after the Pox coming out are taken with such a Loosness do escape A Bloodie Urine is a most deadly sign and likewise if by stool pure and sincere blood be voided Somtimes also by the Nostrils Gums and other parts of the body blood is voided which are commonly deadly Signs For they signifie the extream Acrimony and malignity of the blood which doth vehemently provoke Nature and compells her to a preposterous excretion thereof Also Pox long a coming out are very bad which signifie the contumacy of the matter or the weaknes of Nature Many Great Double and united Pox do shew an overabundant quantity of Morbifick matter and are bad So are hard ones shewing the thickness and incoctibility of the said matter Also flatt ones which shew the weakness of the expulsive faculty and they are worse if they have a black spot in the middles of them which argues extraordinary malignity And green blewish and black which spring from that sort of choller called Bilis porraca or Atra Leeke-green or black Choller are a bad sign They are worst of al which when they are come forth do presently vanish and the tumor of the parts falls for they signifie the retirement of the Humor inwards and none of those escape who have the Pox on this manner going in again but they die commonly within twenty four houres They are also dangerous when sports like those of the purple or spotted Feaver are mingled among the pox especially if those spots be livid or black For they signifie not only that same light putrefaction which is wont to happen in the small Pox by means of the ebullition of blood but also that intense and profound Malignity is peccant from which much greater danger is threatened to the Patient Dung or Urines in this Disease livid or black do portend great danger for they signifie that Melancholly abounds in the Veins and infects the whol Mass of Blood The cure of the small Pox Measles is performed in the satisfaction of four Indications whereof the first consists in the Evacuation of the peccant humors The second in assisting the motion of nature or helping to expell the Pox. The third in the opposition of the malignant and venemous quality The fourth in correction of symptoms All which that they may be conveniently effected first a convenient diet must be appointed which must be the same which was ordered in the cure of putrid Feavers howbeit some things must be particularly noted First that the patients be kept in a warm room to the end their pores may be kept open the breaking out of the smal Pox may there be furthered therefore they must be kept in a Chamber well shut which the cold air must in no wise enter into For many Children that had benigne Pox have been killed by letting in the cold ayr upon them viz. the morbifick matter being thereby driven back into the inward parts And for the same cause they must be moderately covered with Cloathes but so that the heat of
Oyl of Nuts new drawn without fire mixed well with a like quantity of Rose-water till they come to the form of a Liniment is excellent for the same purpose If by neglecting the Remedies aforesaid or through the extream malignity of the Humor there remain Pits and Pock-holes all diligence must be used to repair the same Which notwithstanding is extream hard to do perfectly although many have taken great pains thereabout to gratifie Virgins and other Women who are exceeding careful to preserve their Beauties Among infinite Medicines recorded by Authors to this intent I shall propound the choisest And in the first place Oyl of Eg-yolks does nourish and engender Skin and therefore is very convenient to fill the Pock-holes Wethers Suet fresh and new melted and done out with a Fether is effectual to the same purpose But the filthyness of Pock-holes is much amended if they be washed first with Yarrow-Water or Cows-dung-water distilled in May and then anointed with Mans-Grease Forestus does much magnifie this following Oyntment Take Oyls of sweet Almonds and white Lillies of each one ounce Fat of a Capon three drams Pouder of Peony Roots of Orice and Lytharge of Gold of each ten grains Sugar-Candy one scruple Mingle al well in a warm Mortar strain them through a Cloth and noint the Pock-holes therewith morning and night And afterwards let them be well washed with Water distilled out of Calves-feet and when that is not at hand use the Water of Yarrow in stead thereof Neither must I omit that which many Practitioners do teach viz. That when the Pocks be ripe they must be bored through with a golden or a silver Needle least the Quittor tarrying long in them should leave holes in the part Which Practice is notwithstanding now in a manner grown out of use since Experience has taught that the Pocks being bored are longer in healing and doth longer hold their Crusts because of the Weakness of Natural Heat caused in the Part by boring whereby more deformed Scars are left behind And therefore it is better to abstain from this boring and to commit the evacuation of the Quittor to Nature alone To conclude this Cure I shall subjoyn how those dispositions of Itching and Exulceration which happen to persons that have the small Pocks may be remedied And in the first place When the small Pocks come forth or when they begin to ripen somtimes an huge pain or Itching does afflict the Patients especially in the Palms of the Hands and Soales of the Feet because the thickness of the Skin in those parts hinders the Eruption of the Pocks Which Symptom you shall help if you cause those parts to be held in hot Water or Foment them a long time with an Emollient Decoction But when there is great Itching in the Face which compels the Patients to scratch whence great deformity and foul Scars follow use this following Remedy Take leaves of Pellitory of the Wall one handful Flowers of Chamomel and Melilote of each half a pugil Boil them in a pint of Scabious Water To the strained Liquor ad three ounces of Honey-suckle Water With this Liquor hot often let the Itching Pocks be moistened by dipping a thin Rag or Cotton Wool therein and so applying the Liquor gently to them Now the Ulcers which arise from deep and malignant Pocks are to be cured with Vnguentum album Rhasis or with an Oyntment of Lead made after this manner Take Calcined Lead two ounces Litharge one ounce Ceruss washed and Vinegar of each half an ounce Oyl of Roses three ounces Honey of Roses one ounce Three Yolks of Egs Myrrh half an ounce Wax as much as shall suffice Make all into an Oyntment FINIS A PHYSICAL DICTIONARY Expounding such words as being terms of Art or otherwise derived from the Greek and Latin are dark to the English Reader This Dictionary is of use in the reading of all other Books of this Nature in the English Tongue LONDON Printed by Peter Cole in Leaden-Hall and are to be sold at his Shop at the sign of the Printing-press in Cornhil 1655. A Physical Dictionary A A Pophlegmatisms Medicines drawing flegm out of the Head Agaricktrochiscated See the London Dispensatory in English Apozeme A Medicine made of the Broth of divers Herbs and other Ingredients unto which somtimes certain Syrups are added Animal Faculties The Powers of Hearing Seeing Smelling Tasting Feeling of Imagination Understanding Memory Will Going Standing and all Voluntary Motion Aranea Tunica The Cobweb-Coat or Tunicle Abdomen The Belly or Paunch Apoplectick Water Good for the Apoplexy Autumn Harvest the Fall of the Leaf Actual Heat is Heat that may be felt by the hand such as is in Fire and all things heated thereby or in the Body of one in a Feaver It is oppoied to Potential Heat viz. That cannot be felt by the Hand as the Heat in pepper in Mustard seed in a Flint in unslaked Lime and the contrary of Actual Cold. Affected Troubled Diseased An Affect a Disease Trouble Disorder Aquae Acidulae The Spaw Waters like those of Epsam Barnet and Tunbridg with us Absurdities Unreasonable things Acrimony Sharpness such as in Mustard Pepper and in divers Humors of the Body which cause sickness Ascent Going up Apply lay on Actually Cold see Actual Heat Augment Encrease Accidentally By hap by chance upon occasion Adventitious not Natural but springing from external causes Actracting drawing together or causing Attracts draws to Accident somthing that happens upon a Disease vide Symptome Adstriction binding together shutting up Antecedent Cause foregoing Cause is opposed to the Conjunct Cause Abundance of Flegm in the Body is the Antecedent Cause of the Optick Nerves being stopped by flegm but the Flegm in the said Nerves is the Conjuct Cause c. of other Diseases Articulate Voyce A distinct Voyce such as that of Man-kind termed Speech Abstergent Clensing away filth Access Addition joyning to help or company Afflux flowing to Astringents Medicines that bind together and straiten the Pores and Passages of the Body Astriction binding knitting together Anodines Medicines which asswage pain Anastomosis an opening of the Mouths of Veins by which means Blood issues Astringe bind fasten close Acute sharp violent a Disease is termed Acute when it quickly changeth to health or death Adustion burning Adust burned Blood is said to be adust when by reason of extraordinary heat the thinner parts are evaporated and the thicker remain dreggy and black as if they were burnt Asthmatical troubled with shortness of breath Attest witness declare Aneurism a Swelling caused by a dilatation of the Arteries external Coat the internal being broken Axungia Grease Atrophy want of Nourishment when the Body pines away Attenuating Medicaments are such as make thick Humors thin Axiom or Theoreme an acknowledged undoubted Truth Adjacent lying neer bordering upon Aromatized Spiced perfumed Anus the Fundament Astringe to bind Atomes smal Moats hardly visible and that cannot admit of any division Adverse contrary to of
a contrary Nature Augment is the time of a Disease while it grows still more vehement until it comes to its height which is called the state of the Disease and then the Augment ceases because the Disease is now at a stand and encreaseth no more Alteratives are such Medicines as only change the qualities of the Body and its Humors by heating cooling moistening drying c. they are opposed to such as do cause Vomiting Purging Sweating Transpiration c. Adjuncts of a Disease are qualities dispositions and Symptomes annexed thereunto Aliments are what ever is taken into the Body to nourish the same as all kinds of Meat and Drink Adjuvant Causes are such as serve and assist the principal Cause so is the Taylors Boy an adjuvant Cause assistant to his Master the principal Cause of a Garment So in Diseases whatever assists the Primary Cause is termed an Adjuvant Cause Alexipharmical things are such as resist Plague Poyson and all venemous Diseases B BAlneum Mariae the manner of stilling or digesting when the Glass containing the Ingredient stands in a Vessel of Water with Fire made under it Bolus A Morsel a Medicine to be taken from a Knises point Bellilucanae Thermae Hot Baths in France so called from the place where they are Breathing of a Vein Blood-letting properly if but little Blood be taken away Bronchia the hollow gristly Pipes that spread themselves through the Body of the Lungs being Branches of the Wezand or Wind-pipe C CAruncle a little bit of Flesh that grows and sticks out on any part of the Body Catarrh a Defluxion or Distillation of Humors from the Brain into any part of the Body especially the Lungs causing Coughs Condense to make thick Contention Digestion in the Stomach c. Cataphora a deep sleep Cupping-glass is that which Physitians use to draw out Blood with Scarrifying of the Skin Glasses fastened with lighted Tow or Flax. Catalepsis Congelation or stifness of the Body Causticks are Medicines which burn the Skin and Flesh to make Issues c. Coronal Suture the Seam which runs through the Crown of the Head where the two sides of the Skul close Crude Raw undigested So Meat not well boyled or rosted is Crude and Blood and other Humors not well digested by the Stomach Liver c. are called Crude Conjunctiva a Coat of the Eye so called because it sticks fast unto the Eye and keeps it in its place Actual Cautery is burning with a red hot Iron Congelation freezing together stifness with Cold. Constipation stopping up Chollick pain and griping of the Gut Colon and because the pain proceeding from the Stone is very like thereunto it is called the Stone-Collick Cerates Medicines made of Wax and other Materials stiffer than an Oyntment and softer than a Plaister to be applied to divers parts Cephalick or Capital Opiate Head Electuary Cephalick Pills Head-pils Cephalick Plaister Head-Plaister Collyrium an Eye-salve Convulsion a drawing together a shrinking together Contracted drawn together Cornea a Coat of the Eye like the Horn of a Lanthorn See Veslingus in English Chyrurgeon Surgeon Circumvolution turning round like a wheel or whirl-wind Compression thrusting or squeezing together Contusion Bruising a Bruise Cold seeds See the English Dispensatory Compress thrust together squeeze Condense thicken condensing thickening a Condensation a thickening Coarctation a straitening thrusting together Contraction drawing together shrinking up c. Contracted drawn together Confirmed A Disease is said to be confirmed when it is perfect setled and hath taken root Couched with a Needle that is taken away with a Needle or pressed down with a Needle Centre is properly the middle point within a Circle from whence all Lines drawn to the Circumference are equal it is taken figuratively for the middle of any thing Continuity the oneness the joyning together without interruption Compact firmly united wel thrust and crowded together So Gold Lead and other Mettals are said to be compact compared to Cork Spunge and light Wood which are not compact but hollow and pory Concocted An Humor is said to be concocted when it is either turned into good Blood as sweet Flegm is wont to be or when it is separated from the Mass of blood and made fit for expulsion Concoction a boyling or boyling together when the meat in the Stomach is changed into a substance like Almond Cream that change is called Concoction Cataplasm a Pultiss Cavity hollowness Crisis by bleeding at the Nose or by vomit page 57. that is a breaking away of the Disease by Natures Conquest of the Cause which she drives forth by the Nose or Mouth Crystalline Humor a part of the Eye which resembles a little Cake of Crystal if you open a Calves Eye carefully you may take it out whol Conus is a Geometrical Figure representing a Sugar-Loaf or an Extinguisher which Phylosophers make use of when they teach how the Eye perceives its Object Connatural which is bred with a Man as he that is born with one Eye or but two Fingers such a Disease is termed Connatural Convex bunching out like the back-side of a Buckler or Platter Conjunct Cause of a Disease is the immediate Cause so Flegm stopping the Optick Nerves is the Conjunct Cause of Blindness whereas taking of cold swimming in cold water eating flegmatick meats sleeping after Dinner were the remote or far distant Causes c. Constriction a drawing together a straitening Congestion a gathering together or heaping up Cumulation the same with Congestion These words are opposed to defluxion When a part is diseased by an Humor sent from another part it is termed Defluxion when the Humor is first gathered in the part it self by reason of its own proper weakness it is termed Congestion or Cumulation Conjoyned Matter see Conjunct cause Corroding biting gnawing eating Consolidation closing up of a Sore or Wound c. Carus foulness rottenness corruption of a Bone Cicatrize to bring to a Scar to close up a wound or sore Commissura the Mold of the Head where the parts of the Skul are united Cavous hollow Critical Evacuations by bleeding stool c. are such as Nature procures to drive out her vanquisht Enemy and are means and tokens of Recovery Symptomatical Evacuations are such as proceed from the vehemency of the Disease before Nature hath mastered the offending Humor and they prove bad tokens Calcine to burn to Ashes in a Crucible c. Corrode eat fret Corroding eating fretting Cronical long lasting Cacochymical abounding with evil Humors Critical day See Day of Judgment Corrosion a fretting eating asunder Conjugation a pair of Nerves is so called Cardialgia Heart-burning Crudities Rawness indigestion Chylus a Liquor like a Posset into which all Meats are changed in the Stomach if the Digestion be good Cydoniatum Conserve of Quinces or Marmalade Cardiogmos Heart-burning Carminating Medicines are such as do break Wind. Constringe draw together Carminative expelling Wind. Chalibeat Vinegar and Chalibeate Water are such as have steel quenched
Extenuating making thin Expulsive faculty the power of our body which drives forth Dung Urine Sweat Vapors c. every part partakes of this Ability or Faculty Eminent neer at hand approaching Erysipelas a swelling caused by choller Erysipelas Phlegmonodes or Phlegmon Erysipelatodes Is a swelling caused by Inflamation of Choller and Blood Emulsions Almond milkes and milkes made of cool Seeds c. Electuaries Medicines made up of Conserves of Flowers or Herbs to which is added some sweet Spicy pouder for the most part and so with Syrup it is made up in the form of Mithridate or Treacle Epithemes are Medicines applyed in Bags commonly upon the Heart or Stomach Liver or Spleen c. Certain convenient pouders being put in a Bag or between two cloths and so wet in Wine or other convenient Liquor are laid upon the Stomach Heart c. Essential to the Disease that is of the being or substance so that without that the disease could not be So Heat is Essential to a Feaver Excrements dregs and refuse of our meat and drink after Concoction voided by dung Urine Sweat and invisibly through the Pores Excrementitious of or belonging to Excrements impure preternatural humors are so called Extenuate make thin Expressed Squeezed out Epidemical common to a whol Nation So the the Plague small Pocks Loosness Sweating-sickness c. when they are rise all over a Nation or Country at one time they are called Epidemical diseases Ehxir Proprietatis A Medicine invented by Paracelsus Take of the best Aloes Myrrh Saffron of each half an ounce Pouder them and put them into a Glass Then take Muscadine made tart with Oyl of Sulphur and pour upon the pouder til the liquor stand four fingers above the pouder Let them stand and digest in a warm place Then pour off the Liquor and put on more till all the Colour and vertue be drawn out from the pouder At last still the settlings with a gentle fire and pour that which comes away to the former Liquor and let all stand and digest a Month in a warm place close stopped The name signifies such a Quintessence as hath a special propriety of agreement with Mans nature whereby it comforts and restores the same in al kind of weakness Emollient Medicines that soften Eroded eaten a sunder eaten up Extraction pulling out Exquisite perfect in an high degree Escharoticks see Causticks potential Embrochated moistened bedewed bathed Erosion fretting eating Eclegma See Lambitive Extream parts the Armes and Legs Emplastick diet consists of such meats as are of a clammy substance viz. Calves Head and Feet Sheeps-trotters all Feet of Beasts Tripes Gellys c. Excreta and Retenta things voided out of the Body things retained or kept in Eradicate pluck up by the Roots Exasperated pained vexed molested Equivocal Signs of a Disease are such as are common to it and other Diseases The Efficient Cause is the working or making Cause so a Tailor is the Efficient of a Garment The Material Cause is the stuff a thing is made of which the Efficient works upon So the Cloth or Silk is the Material Cause of the Garment The formal Cause the shape that makes it a Coat or Cloak or Doublet the Final Cause is the end why it was made viz. to hide nakedness keep off Sun and Cold and to adorn the body Emulgent Veins which bring the Wheyish Excrement of the blood unto the Kidneyes where it becomes Urine and is passed by the Urecers into the Piss-bladder Evaporation a steeming out of Vapors Egress coming forth Evaporated steemed away as Water that spends away in boiling Evacuators Medicines which empty out evil Humors either by vomit Purge c. Exhalations Vapors drawn up by the Sun out of the Earth and Waters Eventilated Fanned purged as Corn by fanning So Exercise is said to eventilate or fan the Body because the motion opens the Pores and drives many vapors out Eneorema that which hangs like a cloud in Urines especially when the Disease is breaking away Emollient Decoction a softening moistening Decoction made for Clysters to soften and moisten the hardened Excrements of the Guts An Eschara or Eschar is the Core that falls off from a part that hath had a Caustick applied thereto F FVmigations Perfumes and others things burnt to qualifie the Air in a sick mans chamber Fracture breaking as fracture of the Skul or Arm c. Fomentation when linnen Cloaths or Spunges are dipped in some Liquor and applied to the diseased part and after renewed Functions of the Brain the Abilities of the Brain to Hear See Imagine Understand Remember c. Frictions Rubbings Furor Vterinus Womb-Madness when Women are mad by reason of a disorder in the Womb. See the Chapter of that Disease A Flux of Humors flowing of Humors Febris Catarrhalis a Feaver caused by Rheum falling from the Head Fabrick Frame making up composition Frontal Vein Fore-head Vein Fortified strengthened Fistula an hollow deep but narrow Ulcer that will not be closed up A pair of Forceps a smal Instrument like a pair of Tongs to draw forth any thing out of the Ears c. Fluid apt to run and flow like Water and other Liquors Filtration straining through a brown Paper or by means of a piece of cloth hanging out of one Vessel into another Filter to strain as aforesaid Fermentation the working of Humors as new drink works in the Barcel A Feaver Symptomatical is a Feaver caused by some other foregoing Disease in respect of which Disease the Feaver is but a Symptom or Accident A Flatulent and Pituitous Chollick is a Chollick caused by wind and flegm Formicans Pulsus a weak feeble quick Pulse that seels under the Fingers like creeping Pismires from whence it is named Form See Efficient Cause Fluxive apt to flow and run like Water and other Liquors Friable is crumbly short like costly Cake-bread Pie-crust Puf-past c. So Fishes that have a short crumbly substance not clammy or slimy such as Soals Smelts Trouts are said to be friable in comparison of Eels Carps Tenches c. G GVm Animi Indian Amber Gargarisms that is Medicines to Gargle in the Throat to wash sore Throats de Gutteta a Pouder used in Falling-sickness and Convulsion of Children by the French It is described page 33. at the bottom Going about by fits Generating breeding begetting Glandules Kernels such as are about the Throat aâ—d are called the Almonds of the Ears and such as the Sweet-bread c. Gate-Vein Vena Porta See Veslingus Anatomy in English Generous Wine strong Wine as rich Canary Muskadine c. Glutinations Clamminess like Gum about the corners of the Eyes Glutinators things which glue and close up broken Veins c. Glutinous clammy like Glue A Gangrene is a corruption of a part tending to the utter deading thereof H HYpochondria the parts beneath the Ribs Hemiplegia the Palsey possessing one side Hydrelaeum a Bath and Oyntment that is of Water and Oyl beaten together Hippocras
Bag a Bag of Wool shaped like an Extinguisher through which Hippocras and divers Medicines are strained Hereditary from Father or Mother to Son or Daughter Hydromel Honey and Water Mead Metheglin Hemorrhoids Veins of the Fundament to which Leeches are applied Head-Herbs Rosemary Betony Sage Lavender sweet Marjoram Hysop Balm Cowslips Roses Violets Lettice Borrage Bugloss c. Habit of Body is the whol bulk and substance thereof Humidity Moisture Holy Fire a red Inflamation St. Anthonies fire the Rose Hemorrhagies breaking forth of Blood from any part of the Body Hysterical Fits Fits of the Mother Womb-sickness Hermetical Physitians and Hermets Chymists such as trade with Furnances Pots and Glasses to draw Spirits Oyls Waters to make Salts Quintessences c. called so from Hermes Trismegistus an old Egyptian Phylosopher who is thought to have been a Chymist Horrors Shiverings I INfuse that is steep Inflamation great Heat Indication is an hinting to the Physitian what he is to do So extream heat is said to give indication of cooling extream fulness of blood gives indication of blood-letting want of a womans Courses gives indication of blood-letting c. Jugular Veins that is the Throat Veins See Veslingus Anatomy in English Insensible Passages which cannot be seen nor felt by reason of their smalness Influence flowing in Inherent sticking fast within seated and abiding within Inordinate disorderly unnatural and unfitting Internal and External Sences The Internal are Common Sence Imagination Understanding Memory The External are Seeing Hearing Smelling Tasting Feeling Intercepted stopped in the middle way Internally and Externally inwardly and outwardly Juleps pleasant Drinks made of distilled Waters or the broth of Barley and other convement things and sweetened with Syrups or Sugar given chiefly in Feavers to cool and quench Thirst Infusion a strained Liquor wherein Medicaments have been steeped either hot or cold Incrassate thicken Incrassating thickening Insensible not to be perceived by the outward Sences of Seeing Hearing Smelling c. Illumination enlightening Influx flowing into Inversion turning the inside out Intermission ceasing leaving off Inveterate old of long continuance rooted Inclination that is by holding the vessel on the one side and so powring the cleer from the setlings this is called to clarifie by Inclination in opposition to clarifying with the white of an Eg by boyling or any other way The Iris a party-color'd round Circle in the sight of the Eye like a Rainbow from whence it hath its name Incarnate to breed flesh Irritation provocation stirring up Involuntary Tears which are not shed by force of sorrow working upon the mind but by force of a bodily Disease The day of Indication is that day in a Feaver on which may be collected what wil betide upon the following Critical day So the sourth day doth hint what is like to happen on the seventh and the eleventh hints what is like to happen upon the fourteenth and the seventeenth what will happen upon the twenty one and the twenty four what will betide upon the twenty eight Therefore the fourth eleventh seventeenth twenty four are called daies of Indication or telling and declaring Judged see Day of Judgment Infirm weak Insipid Tastless Incising Medicaments are such as cut and divide tough flegm and other clammy humors whereby they become fit for expulsion such is Oxymel c. Intestines the Guts Intension and Remission Increase and decrease growing stronger or weaker Injection is a Medicinal Liquor cast with a fitting Instrument into the Womb Bladder or Fundament when there is forenessof hemorroids c. Inserted fastened or planted into Inspissate Juyce is Juyce of some Herb boyled till it be thick as Honey Illustrated made cleer and manifest Invasions of the Gout fits of the Gout or of Agues may be called Invasions of the said Diseases Intense vehement strong Indicate declare point out Impacted wedged in thrust far in Irrigations moistenings sprinklings waterings Intervention coming between happening together with Intermediate coming between Intermitting Pulse is that which holds up a while and then beats again and then stops and then beats again which is a sign of great weakness Incoctibility an unaptness to be concocted or digested or an impossibility thereof L LEnitive a gentle refreshing cordial Medicine Ligatures or strings wherewith the Joynts of Bones and the Gristles are compact and bound together Lozenges the same with Tablets being the form of a Medicine made up Luxation is when one Joyne is loosned from another Liniment Oyntment Ligatures bindings of several parts to draw the blood and Humors from the part diseased to the parts bound by reason of the pain of binding which must be very hard and straight Loosness of Continuitie separating and dividing of things closed and united So a wound is termed a loosening of Continuitie because it separates these parts of the skin and flesh which were formerly united together Laxe loose slack as an unbended Bowstring Livid black and blew A Lambative or Lohoch is a medicine to be lickt from a Liquoris stick and to be swallowed softly down being chiefly ordained for the Lungs Iron-water Water wherein Iron hath been quenched Smiths forge-water Laxative which makes the belly loose Livid black and blew Lead-coloured M MEninges or films of the Brain coats that cover the brain Masticatories that is Medicines to be chewed to bring away Rheum Mesâ—eraick Veins little Veins that are thought to carry chyle from the stomach to the Liver See Vestingus Anat. in English Malignity venemous or poysonful quality of certain humors and Diseases which make them very dangerous and for the most part deadly Matter or Quittor a snotty kind of filth which comes out of Imposthumes when they break and out of Ulcers when they are in a good way of cure Magistral Syrup is such an one as is invented by a Physitian for his Patient in opposition to those Syrups commonly kept in shops Matrix Womb. Membrana skin or coat of the Arteries Veins c. Membranes skins or coats Mortification a deading of any part of the body Malign venemous poysonful See Malignity Mother the Womb in Women is so called Mitigation abatement lessening growing mild The Medium is that through which we see as principally the Air which we look thorough upon objects also the Water and Glass Horn or what ever is cleer and may be seen thorough may be termed a medium of fight Mammilarie passages or productions certain little knobby bunchings out of the Nerves which serve for smelling resen bling Teates called therefore Teat-like productions See the English Anatomy Malax soften To Malax a lump of Pilstuff is to soften it that it may work up into Pills the better Mercurial Purges Purges made of Quicksilver Chymically prepared such as Mercurius dulcis some kind of Precipitate Mercurius vitae c. Macerate steep Mesenterie the skin whch knits the Guts together and runs all along among them embossed with Fat See Vestingus his Anatomy in English Membranous of the Nature of Skin
or Parchment Morbifical or Morbifick matter is that which is the principal cause of any Disease Minorative purgation is gentle purgation such as takes away only a part of the matter of a disease it is opposed to Eradicative purgation which is strong and pulls the whol matter offending up by the Roots as it were N NVtrition Nourishment Narcotick medicines stupefying medicines that dull the sence of feeling and cause profound sleep Nitre salt Peter as some hold but Matthiolus conceives the true Nitre is rarely found in these daies Natural functions actions of the stomach Liver Spleen Gal Kidneyes in concocting the meat making blood and separating and expelling the excrements Nauseousness sickness of the stomach enclining to vomit Nidorous smelling of burnt fat or scortched Roast-meat or fryed Oyl Noxious hurtful Nausiosis of the Veins is when the Veins are sick of bad blood and doth as it were spew it out into the habit of the body from whence comes scurvy-spots morphew scabs c. Neotericks are late writers in physick or any other Art so called in opposition to the Antient Authors O ORgans peculiar parts of the body fitted for some notable service of the Spirit such as the Eye to see the Ear to hear the Nose to smell the Skin to feel the Lungs to breath Stomach to digest Os Sacrum the great bone whereon the Ridg bone resteth Opisthotones a Convulsion so named when the Body is drawn backward Oval forme that is the shape of an Eg. Original beginning foundation Oedema a swelling caused by flegm which is soft and whiteish and has little heat or pain with it Obstruction stopping Opiate signifies an Electuary properly it is put for Venice Treacle Mithridate Diascordium c. which have Opium in them from whence the name is derived But secondarily it signifies any Electuary or Antidote made up in such a body as Treacle c. though it have no Opiate in it Orifice the whol which is made by a Surgeon when he lets blood Also the mouth or passage into the Womb or Stomach c. Opticks a Part of Natural Philosophy though falsly reckoned for a branch of the Mathematicks opening all the Mysteries of sight and the reasons of the Deceptions or mistakes thereof and teaching to make augmenting Glasses mutiplying Glasses Perspective Glasses burning Glasses c. Oblique slantling athwart crooked Obnoxious liable or subject unto Ophthalmy an Inflamation of the Eyes causing foreness and redness Oscribosum the bony Sieve A bone full of small holes like a Sieve or colendar placed above the Nose through which Snot and Snivil is drained from the brain Occult hidden unknown Oxycrate Vineger and water mingled together Organical Disease See similar diseases The Systole or diastole of the Pulse are the double motion thereof For when the Artery is extended by the blood Issuing out of the Heart and smites the Finger of him that feels the Pulse that motion is called Diastole or a widening and stretching of the Arterie but when the Arterie falls contracts it self and sinks from under a Manâ— Finger that motion is called Systole a contraction Oxyrrhodine Vinegar of Roses and Medicines made principally thereof P PRognosis the foreknowledg of Diseases Plethora a too great fulness of good blood in the body Paralysis the Palsie Paraplegia Parisis Palsie Peripneumonia an Inflamation of the Lungs or Lights Pericranium the skins which compasseth the Scul A Pugil of Herbs viz. as much as is taken up between the Thumb and the three fore-Fingers Physical Regiment is the right ordering of a Patient having taken a Purge or other strong Medicament As to keep the Patient warm to give posset or thin-broath after every stool not suffer him to read or her to Sow or hold down the head or to be sad or to sleep especially after a vomit c. Phrensie rageing Madness joyned with a Feaver see Chap. 11. Book 1. Prognostick foretelling A Prognostick sign is a sign foretelling what will become of the Disease and patient Privation loss Plethorick full of blood too full of blood Pores little holes in the skin through which vapors and sweat come out Sometimes they are visible upon the Arm or Leg being swelled and closed with cold resembling a Goose skin for roughness Preternaturally otherwise then the Course of Nature requires Perspicuous cleer that may be seen through as Glass fair-water c. Peritonaeum the inner coat of the Belly which covers the Guts See the English Anatomy Poplar Oyntment in the shops called Populeon See the English Dispensatory Potential coldness that is coldness in operation though not to the feeling So a draught of Whey in which cooling Herbs hath been boiled being drunk down warm from the fire is said to be actually hot because it is so to the hand and palate but Potentially cold because it afterward cools the stomach Liver c. Pulsation beating of the Arteries in any part of the Body Precede go before Preparing of humors is the qualifying of them so as that they may be fit for expression which preparation consists in separating them from the mass of good blood in making them thick if they be too thin and sharp in cutting them and making them thin if they be too thick and clammy Phlebotomy blood-letting Preternatural beside the intent or custom of Nature vide Preternaturally Propriety a pain by propriety is when the cause of the Pain is in the part pained so when the Head-ach comes from the Humors in the Head it is called a pain by propriety when it comes from Humors in the Stomach or any other part that sends up vapors it is called Head-ach by Consent And the like may be said of other Symptoms or accidents A Pyramis is a Geometrical figure broad and angular at the bottom and growing less and less towards the top till it come to a point The Sepulchers of the Egyptian Kings were made in this form and therefore called Pyramides Naturalists do make use of this Figure to shew how the Eye receives the representations of visible objects Pupil of the Eye is the midlemost round circle which we commonly call the sight of the Eye and which in Cats is seen to widen and contract it self Pulse Beans Pease Hastivers French-pease c. called so because they are gathered by pulling and not by mowing down as corn Probable likely possible Profound deep Producing breeding causing Peccant Humor the Humor offending causing the Disease A Phlegmon is an Inflamation or swelling caufed by blood If no other Humor be adjoyned it is a true Phlegmon If choller be joyned it is called a Phlegmon erisipelous if flegm aedematous if melancholly Scirrhous Paroxysme the fit of an Ague of the Mother or any Disease that comes by fits Perforated bored through Putrid rotten filthy stinking Pustula a pustle push or whelk Ponderous weighty Peristaltickmotion of the Guts is whereby the Guts do contract and purse themselves together above the excrements and so squeez them out Pomum curtipendulum
Suffocation a choaking Subject a logical term it signifies any thing that hath somwhat adjoined and annexed to it So the Bodie is the subject of Sicknes Health of Beautie and deformity The Head is the subject of paines and other parts are the subject of other accidents The Soul is the subject of vertues and Vices of Happiness and Misery c. Suffusion a shedding abroad of Humors as when an Humor is shed abroad in the Eye and hinders the sight it is called a suffusion A Seton is an Hole made in the skin and a skein of Silke or yarn or such like drawn thorough and kept in in which being removed dayly causes the matter and humor to come away Sulphurus and Bituminous bathes that is hot bathes like those of Bath in Summerset-shire whose Heat and virtue springs from a tincture of Brimstone and Bitumen which they bring out of the Earth Suppuration is when a swelling comes to gather Head breed matter and is ready to break Specifick quality a peculiar hidden propertie not springing from the first qualities Similar Diseases are such as befall the substance of the Body not considered as formed into any organ or limb or part and they are al kind of Distempers Organick diseases are such as are proper to the organs and Instruments of the Body as such viz. what ever mar their Fabrick Common diseases are such as are liable both to the Similary and Organick parts viz. Solutions of Unitie T Tablets are the same with Lozenges they are Medicines made up in flat four squar'd Cakes with acuted angles Torpor numbness Transpiration the passage of the vapours through the pores of the skin of the whol body invisibly onely causing a smell according to the humors in some more in some less in some offensive in others not so Tumor swelling Tincture the virtue or strength of any thing drawn forth by steeping the same in spirit of wine vinegar or any percing liquor ' the said Liquor containing the virtue and oftentimes the Colour of that which was steeped in it is called the tincture thereof Tile tree a Linden tree there grow two on Newington green they bear sweet blossomes Trepan an Instrument made to bore an hole in the skull Turgent swelling working moving too and fro spoken of the Humors of the Body when they are in a Combustion and full of motion Tacamahaca A sweet Gumm See the London Dispensatory in English Translation carrying of an humor from one part to another Tunicles little coats or skins of which the eye is partly made up See the English Anatomy Terminated ended Topical Medicines such as are outwardly applied to the part affected or the part which sends the Humor c. Transparentnes such a clearness as is in Glass Horn the Ayr Fair water or any other thing which we can see through Troches or Trochiscs medicines made up in the form of little flat Bouls whence they have their name Tunica retiformis the net-like Coat or tunicle Thorax the Chest Trebble Quantity thrice so much Tartarous matter congealed hard matter like the hardned Lees of wine which are called Tartar Transpire breath through V VErtigo a swimming in the Head Vesitatoryes a Medicine applied to the skin to cause a Blyster Vertebrae the turning bones of the whol back Ventricles of the Brain certain hollownesses of the Brain Venenosity poysonfulness Vapors Steams ascending into the Head like the Steams we see mounting from a mess of hot Broth or Meat c. Vital function faculty of the Heart causing Life Pulse-beating and Breathing Visive Nerve the seeing Nerve The Sinnew wherewith the Objects of sight are carried into the Brain to the Imagination or Common-sence See Veslingus Anatomy Vaporous Matter steeming reaking matter See Vapors Vlcerated having an Ulcer or running sore Visor or Visive Spirits the Spirit wherewith we see Vniversal evacuation is a general purging of the whol body all at once Vitrous Humor a moisture like to molten-Glass which goes into the making up of the Eye See Veslingus Anatomy in English and cut up an Eye of a Calf Sheep c. Vvea tunica a coat of the Eye resembling the skin of a Grape from whence it is named See Veslingus Anatomy in English Voluntary faculty that power of our Body which works according as we please as the power of going running speaking c. whereas the powers of beating in the Pulse of digesting in the Stomach and Eiver of making blood flash fat c. do not work according to our wills The former we can exercise or suspend and moderate them as we please but the latter not which are therefore termed involuntary Vvula or Columella the Pallate of the mouth A Vehicle that which serves to carry Vermicular Worm-like The Pulse is so called when it is weak and lifts it self unequally sometimes more sometimes less like the creeping of a Catterpillar Vreters certain long pipes or passages which bring the Urine from the Kidney to the Bladder See Veslingus Anatomy in English Viscous cleaving and roaping like Birdlime Vicissitude the following of one thing upon the neck of another Venery Letchery the immoderate exercise or doating upon such Acts as tend to Generation W WIld-Poppies Red-Poppies which grow among Corn called likewise Corn-Rose Watry Humor a certain liquor like water which goes into the Composition of the Eye See Veslingus Anatomy in English Water-Gate the Privities in Women Z ZAcutus Lusitanus a famous Physitian A Jew that pacticed at Amsterdam in Holland He has wrote divers excellent Treatises of Physick sutable to the Principles of Hippocrates and Galen FINIS The Vertues Use and variety of Operations of the True and Phylosophical AURUM POTABILE Attained by the Studies of Doctor Freeman and Dr. Culpeper and left with his Widdow and administred by a Physitian in her House neer London on the East side of Spittle-fields next door to the red Lyon The Vertues are as follow IT Cures all Agues whether Quotidian Tertian or Quartan as also it cured divers people of that most horrid putrid Feaver which so violently seized on mens Bodies both before and after Michaelmas 1653. to the great admiration of many and when the parties Diseased have ben both senceless and speechless for that neither that nor any other Medicine or Panacaea though never so gentle could safely be administred into the Body it hath beyond all hopes by external application on the stomack revived them It cures the Gout of all sorts perfectly being administred as the Physitian shal advise It causeth Women subject to Abortion or Miscarriage to goe their time and yet being given when the time comes it causeth a speedy and easie delivery It is an infallible cure for the French Pox and doth it with such ease speed and Secretness that none of the nearest relation shal take notice thereof It cures the Green-sickness and all sorts of Jaundice It provokes the Terms It is good for Aches and all afflictions coming of cold It helps the Rickets But to what purpose do I nominate diseases in particular when it is an universall Remedy for all diseases being administred as the Physitian shal advise For its chief aim is exhilarating the vital spirits and heart It both binds and stops Fluxes yet Purges it both Vomits and stays Vomiting it causes Sweat yet cures preternatural Sweatings and performs all its operations as Nature it self would have it because it only fortifies her in her Centre To conclude It is an Universal Fortification for all Complexions and ages against all sorts and degrees of Pestilential and contagious Infection both preventing before their possession and extirpating of them after it REader By reason of the mistakes in the printing of this Book in Latin there are two words mis-translated And by reason of the foulness of the English Copy there are some other mistakes in printing All which are thus to be amended PAge 24 line 46. for violent springing read violent Convulsion springing p. 32. for Ephor read Escar p. 51. l. 39 for â—â— r. do p. 53. l. 7. for procede r. preceed p. 59 l 14 r. four ounces p. 116 l. 39 for pure r. impure p. 148 l. 28. for nevertheless get r. nevertheless the Lungs get p. 160 l. 12 for can endure r. cannot endure l. 23 for sets more r. feels more p. 167 â— 33 for blood r. blood-letting p. 184 l. 40 for Acorns r. Alkermes l. 45 for Acorns r. Alkermes p. 256 l. 47 for Gloves Cloves p. 259 l. 16 for primary r. external p. 290 l. 34 for be thirst r. be no thirst p 329 l. 7 for can pass r. cannot pâ—â— l. 10 for Wine r. Wind p. 332 l. 4 for Turnep Water r. Orange-flower Water p. 341 l. 44 for after dinner r. before dâ—ner p. 367 l. 9 for scattering r. scalding p. 373 l. 40 for bred r. cured p. 378 l. â—7 for warm r. worn p. 386 l. 51 for spring Water four ounces r. spring Water four pound p. 428 l. 32 for Turnep Water r. Orange-flower Water p. 432 l. 29 for suppression r. suppuration p 499 l 18 for decrease r. encrease p. 501 l. â—â— for contained r. continued p. 542 l. 52 and 3â— these words the Moon at the end of the 53 line must be taken from that line and read at the end of the 52 line p. 567 for great r. grate p. 580 l. 42 for but r. both p 590 l. 40 for be r. being p. 612 l. 10 for puortfied r. putrefied p. 615 l. 1â— for in r. no p. 622 l. 11 for terror r. Feaver for whereas r. whenas p. 624 l 15 for Urine r. things p. 630 l. 50 for Italy India p. 633 l. 11 for care r. cure and for cure r. care and l. 46 for repelling no r no repelling and l. 57. for after afoâ—â—said r aforesaid after p. 639 l. 26. for Hair r. Heart
4. de comp Med. sec loc cap. 8. But if the disease be stubborn you must foment the Eye with the Decoction of Foenugreek Marsh-mallows Fennel Rue Celondine or let the fume of the same be received into it And finally all Medicines prescribed in the Cure of a Cataract may be very proper for the cure of this But more especially when the disease is old and the redness turneth black Galen commends dried Hysop tied in a rag and put into hot water and applied to the Eye and Experience teacheth that this Medicine is of such force that the blood is drawn away by it sticking to the clout And lastly The yellow color of the Jaundice which most appears in the Eyes when the Jaundice is cured is easily discussed if you would hasten the Cure take the fume of Vinegar into the Eyes CHAP. VIII Of Ophthalmia or Inflamation of the Eyes THe Tunicle called Adnata is so joyn'd to the Cornea that many diseases are in both as the Inflamation of the Eyes though it is proper to the Adnata yet it is often extended to the Cornea and produceth divers Diseases in it namely Ulcers Hypopyon when matter is underneath Albugo or Pin and Web and others So also Pustals and other Tumors Wounds and Ulcers are common to both Tunicles Therefore because all the Diseases of these Tunicles cannot be spoken of severally we will only speak of the Diseases of the Adnata before we speak more of the Cornea Beginning with an Ophthalmy We say that it is as the word in Greek sheweth only an Inflamation of the Eye and by all Authors it is used for the inflamation of the Adnata or Conjunctiva It is called by the Latines Lippitudo or blood-shotness since Cornelius Celsus This Inflamation as it is greater or less hath a three-fold difference The first is called in Greek Taraxis in Latin Conturbatio which according to Paulus cometh from an external cause namely the Sun smoak dust oyl and the like but it may also come of an internal namely by fault of the stomach after drinking of Wine or other Distempers and this is a light Inflamation called Phlogosis with a smal pain and redness yet it somtimes turneth into a true Ophthalmy and is the original of it But a true Ophthalmy comes alwaies from an internal cause and it is a true inflamation with which tumor redness and pain it is called by Celsus Lippitudo or blood-shotness because there cleaveth a thick excrement which the Latins call Lippa The third is called Chemosis in Greek in Latin Chemosis also and it is when an inflamation groweth so high that it is very great with vehement pain and both the Eyebrows are inverted so that the Eyes can scarce be covered therewith and the white of the Eye stands higher and the red doth cover most part of the Iris or Circle In Children and such as have great Eyes this hath often happened and it comes from a great repletion and from flegmy humors There is another Difference of the Ophthalmy taken out of Hippocrates Aph. 14. Sect. 3. by which it is divided unto a moist and a dry Ophthalmy The moist Ophthalmy is that which is already described and hath a weeping But the dry Ophthalmy called by Hippocrates Xerophthalmia which cometh in dry weather is made of Choller or burnt or adust Melancholly and is such as wanteth humidity in part and therefore there is no weeping There are other subdivisions from the adjuncts for if there be an itching joyned with it it is called Psorophthalmia but if it come with hardness of the Eye-lids it is called Sclerophthalmia There is also another Difference of Ophthalmies taken out of Galen 2. de diff febrium cap. 11. where he saith That some are Periodical or such as cometh by fits to those which have a very hot and moist head and weak Eyes fit to receive a defluxion These after many yeers have a consumption of their Eyes and lose their sight hence it is called Tabida Ophthalmia or a consuming Ophthalmy or an Ophthalmy which ends in a consumption of the Eye There is also another difference taken from the immediate cause which is defluxion or congestion that is gathering of humors It comes for the most part by defluxion but by congestion only when there is either a distemper or weakness of the Conjunctiva by which there is no equality or Omoiosis in the part but many excrements are gathered together from whence through the weakness of the part cometh an inflamation The Conjunct cause of an Odhthalmy is Chollerick or Waterish or Melanchollick Blood flowing into the Eyes or gathered into them The Causes of defluxion are manifold both external and internal ordinarily known But the causes of Congestion or Cumulation are all such as distemper or weaken the Eyes so that an Ophthalmy which at the first came only by defluxion in time by weakening of the part may spoil its concoction and so it may be said to be an Ophthalmy partly from defluxion and partly from Congestion which is often seen in old Ophthalmies But when an Ophthalmy comes only by way of defluxion it is certain that it comes for the most part from the head and almost all Authors acknowledg this Notwithstanding Experience teacheth that many violent Ophthalmies come from the Liver and the humors that come from thence to the Eyes insomuch that Cauteries applied to the hinder part of the head eâ—crease the Disease which otherwise are good Remedies when the defluxion is from the head for they draw up the humors and we have often seen that old Ophthalmies which were accounted incurable have suddenly gone away of their own accord by stopping of an issue which hath long been kept open namely when the motion of the humors from the inferior to the superior parts hath ceased which before was caused by the Cautery or Issue in the Neck by Nature sending part of the humors to the weakened Eyes not far distant from the Issue That defluxion which cometh from the head either is carried by internal Veins which are under the Skull into the Eyes or by the external Vessels which is most frequent namely by the Veins and Arteries which come from the Pericranium by the Forehead and Temples to the Conjunctiva An Ophthalmy is easily known because the blood diffused upon the Conjunctiva may be easily seen and if redness appear without a tumor coming of an external it is called Taraxis or Conturbation But if besides the redness there be swelling and heat with weeping it is a true Ophthalmy and at length if it so encrease that it cover the black of the Eye and the Eyelids be inverted then is it called Chemosis Hence we fetch the signs of the Causes for if it comes from repletion and of blood alone not only the Tunicle Adnata but also the whol face will be red as also there will be a swelling of the Veins drouziness of the Sences and whol Body and a manifest swelling
great Inflamations when more blood flows in than the Natural heat of the part can digest or turn into Matter It is destroyed either by a cold distemper extinguishing it or by an hot one dissipating and resolving the same A beginning Gangrene is known by an unusual heat felt in the part a horror and trembling seizes upon the Patient with a languishing and quick-beating pulse and with fainting away or swooning And seeing this Disease doth for the most part happen to the Neck of the Womb so that the part affected may be perceived by the Eye it is discovered to be soft Lead-colored black and carrion like and may be prickt or cut and the Patient never feel it and it sends forth besides a stinking and carrion-like smel As for the Prognostick or Predictions belonging to this Disease It is a most grievous most dangerous Disease and for the most part deadly yet it hath been observed by very many Authors That the Womb being putrefied and Gangrenated hath either fallen away of it self or been cut away the womens lives being saved which Observations of Authors Schenkius hath collected to a great number in the fourth Book of his Observations The Cure is performed with the same Remedies which are wont to be applied to other parts being Gangrenated if it be in the Neck of the Womb or tend toward the outward parts as namely with Scarrifications and washings or bathings with a Decoction of Wormwood Mirrh and such like with the Oyntment called Aegyptiacum the Cataplasm called De Tribus farmis which is thus made Take Barley meal Bean meal and Orobus meal of each two ounces Oxymel one pound Boyl them to the thickness of a Pultiss or Cataplasm Whereunto if there be added meal of Lupines Mirrh Aloes and Wormwood it will be more effectual If any part of the Womb be wholly corrupt and dead it must be cut off or if the Womb fall down it must be separated by binding the Ligature every day faster and closer Of which kind of Operations there be many Examples collected by Schenkius in the fourth Book of his Observations Wierus also relates in his Observations That he cured a woman of twenty five yeers of age who in the hottest of the Dog-daies had a certain little bunch growing in her Water-Gate Whereunto an unskilful Chyrurgion applying Pultisses that were not proper within a few daies all that part began to putrefie grow black and dead and the Disease past on with incredible swiftness towards the Dung-Gate And Wierus undertook the Cure after this Method First he squirted good store of the Juyce of Nightshade and Plantane with a Syringe into both the Passages three or four times a day between which times he applyed a bolster wet with the foresaid Juyces Vinegar being mixed therewith which growing dry was wet again with the same Liquor And in this course of reiterated Application he continued til the fervent heat was quenched and the putrefaction began to cease She took in the mean while thrice every day a Potion of the Decoction of Sorrel Scabious Burnet Damask Prunes the tops of Borrage and Bugloss Marigold flowers with Water Sugar and Vinegar made in the manner of a long acid or sharp Syrup Her Diet was spare but cooling and tart to prevent putrefaction On the third day the fury of the burning heat and of the putrefaction was abated Whereupon he commanded the black and dead flesh to be drawn or plucked out with a little Forceps Chyrurgions Instrument like Tongs or Pincers and separated round about from the live flesh without any pain and so to be cut off Then he consumed the reliques even to the live flesh with the Oyntment called Aegyptiacum And proceeded to cicatrize or bring it to a Scar after the same manner which is used in other Ulcers In the whol course of the Cure care must be had to strengthen the Heart both by things given in and applied outwardly Likewise Emollient Clensing and Refrigerating Clysters are frequently to be given which do much help the part affected by reason of Neighbor-hood Chap. 12. Of the Wombs Wind-and-Water Swelling or Dropsie THe Inflation or blowing up of the Womb with Wind and its Dropsie are by Writers confounded or jumbled together so that they call the Inflation a Dropsie coming of wind whereas the Dropsie properly so called is ingendered by a watery Humor Yet are they distinguished and there is a certain puffing up of the Womb with wind suddenly rushing in and stretching the same and causing vehement pain as in the Chollick which because it continues not but is soon discussed it deserves not the name of a Dropsie and such a puffing up is often seen in Hysterical women which have the Womb-fits There is therefore to be reckoned a two-fold Dropsie of the Womb one from Wind which is like that sort of Belly-dropsie which is termed Tympanitis or the Drum-belly Dropsie another arising from a wheyish Humor answering to the Dropsie of the Belly called Ascites that is the Bottle-belly Dropsie Some add a third sort answering to the third sort of Belly-Dropsies called from its cause Leucophlegmatia that is white-flegm Dropsie which is seldom seen in the course of Practice Yet I have seen a Gentlewoman which in one day voided such plenty of thick flegm out of her womb as might weigh probably six or seven pound weight which flegm long retained might doubtless have caused in her a Dropsie of the womb Wind and water causing a Dropsie of the Womb are contained either within the Cavity of the Womb or in its Membranes or in certain Bladders Touching the Cavity of the VVomb it is somwhat doubted how Wind and Humors can be contained therein seeing there is so easie a Passage through the Neck and Mouth of the VVomb We answer The inner Orifice or Mouth of the VVomb may be closed up divers waies either by thick flegm sticking fast thereunto and growing hard or by a Scirrhus or some other cause Mercatus conceives That a snotty kind of flegm is voided by the mouthes of those Veins which are ordained for the monthly Purgations and that of the said snotty flegm a skin is framed which covers all the inner surface of the VVomb within which thin skin the wheyish and windy Matter is contained But Fernelius thinks That water may be contained in the womb without any thing amiss in its mouth but barely by its constriction or pursing of it self together All these sorts are to be allowed of and may be confirmed by divers Examples And first of all Examples of VVinds contained in the VVomb-Cavity are recited by Sennertus in the Fourth Book of his Practice Part 1. Sect. 2. Chap. 10. The first is taken out of Valescus de Taranta touching a certain Jewish woman of Lisbon who taking her self to be with Child when she expected to be delivered a great quantity of wind came away and so her womb was brought down again The Second is taken out of Mathiolus de