haue learned both of excellent Phisitions and chyrurgions partly when I trauelled in sundry dominions of Europe and partly by the familiar companie which I had with most skilfull Phisitions abroad in the campes And first I will set downe my opinion concerning the essence and nature of such woundes the which question by the consent of all that haue written thereof is the mincipallest Batallus Iubertus and Paraeus haue deliuered to vs that the hurts by gunshot are accompained with two inconueniences that is they consist of solution of continuitie and brusing with rending oftentimes of the muscles vessels and flesh to the which manie accidentes dâ—o come the which beâ—ng diuers must needs haue diuers intentions of curation These are the two sortes of inconueniences of the which by disputation they haue agreed on woundes by gunshot to consist and therefore they haue set downe two kindes of remedies one wherewith the partes so torne and wanne are holpen that is the flesh sinewes lygamentes tendons ioyntes and bones and that by meanes of the bruse the which may come to passe without anie manifest wound at all and of the Erccians is called Ecchymoosis yet not without daunger but oftentimes subiect to great accidentes and manie times hath great effusion of bloud betweene the muscles which when it is shed out of the vaines presently putrifieth also great aches which are accompanied with great fiuxe of humours diuers swellinges inflamations and at the last Gangrena and mortification of the part affected The other sort which comes with a manifest wound is more daily seene and the deeper and greater it is so much it is thought the more dangerous because the shot whether of lead or brasse the more vehementer it goeth in so much the more it bruseth the parts in which it entreth by the which cause the bloud is congealed which falleth in the hollownes of the wounde and filleth the orofice of the veines and hollownes of the other partes then being destitute of his natur all heate the which being quenched and mortified by the resolution of the spirits by reasoÌ„ of the paine tearing of so many parts it goeth againe to the spring heade that is to the heart by reason of the feare which is takeÌ„ with the deadly hurt it becomes of a wannish leady colour like to that which the common sort calleth Asure the which is easily rotted and easily doth rot the parts adioyning and especially the Spermatical the which according to the opinion of our auncesters is easily turned to quitture and that the easier and speedier this fleshe being brused and dead may be separated from the quicke and liuely flesh the Chyrurgions doe commonly vse remedia suppuâ—aâ—tia mollientia the vse of which althâ—ugh it bee 〈◊〉 vsed in common bruses yet in these hurts it may not be followed without graue waightie considerations and especially without consideration had of the body time and part for in so much as these woundes doe easily admit great store of putrifaction so that manie times wormes are ingendred with intollerable putrifaction it is not to be doubted but that by the vse of suche medicines which by nature moue putrifaction the griefe is increased and augmented through euil vapors wherewith the principall partes that is to say the heart the braine and liuer are molested whereof come crampes and phrensies with continuall feuers and so commonly death followeth But this happeneth for the moste parte in bodies filled with euill iuice whose flesh when it is agreeued through putrifaction of the bloud it is no maruell if the wound be verie dangerous and verie hard or not at all to be cured In this case the disposition of the aire and heauens is to bee considered and also the qualitie and state of the member hurted Who also doubteth but that through the entraÌ„ce of the South winde into the hollownesse of these wounds whereby naturall heate is weakened there is great occasion to increase the putrifaction and generation of wormes which is seen by dayly experience that I may ouerpasse the authoritie of Hipocrates lib. Apho. 3. and in his booke de Epid. which also he signifieth in another place where he teacheth that drith is more healthier then moisture and so all corruption to come of ouermuch moysture as it were of his proper matter And to this purpose also it shall greatly auaile vs to haue a perfect knowledge of the temperamentes of partes for wounds in the head bottome of the stomacke and other moyst partes and therefore more apt to putrifaction although they be bruised doe require of vs the vse of suppurantia but yet not without great iudgement and heede taking for because in this case great hurt doth often come through the vnskilfulnesse and rashnesse of the Phisition neyther at anie time shall the Phisition be excused although he see the wound verie muche stinking which is alwaies an euill signe or berayed with stincking matter and wormes which may come to passe in one day by reasons afore alledged yet I say he may not vse medicines called commonly Digestiues although he reason that it is a brused wound therefore must come to suppuration because these incommodities drawing on we must presently haue recourse to such medicines as resist putrifaction that the moste dangerous accidentes may be preuented which are threatned by that which is said before that is to say Gangrena Sphacelus and mortification of the whole members Such medicines are the salts both mettaline and meane minerall drawne out especially of copper iron mercurie vitriol sulphur arsnick and orpiment as we shall declare in such place where we shall intreate of curation for these saltes hauing the office of an exterior Baulme doo by their heate and subtlenesse cut and make thinne thicke humours which doo choake naturall heate and doo by their saltnesse and sharpnesse withstand putrifaction they doe defend the wound from Gangrena and mortification and doo prepare the way being mixed with meet medicines as hereafter shall be declared to an easie and short curing and that without paine Farre better medicines surely then simple precipitate commonly prepared or Egiptiacum that specially which hath arsnicke and sublymate in it or such like whose common and dayly vse I can scarslie allowe by reason of the great paine which they bring to the patient of whome we ought to haue a great and speciall regard the which incommodities may easily be auoyded by a true and apt spagiricall preparation which will be a great solace and comforte to the sound patient Hitherto concerning the first remedies which are appointed to the first intention that is to the restoring of members brused torne in which â—ase it â—ehoueth to be a wise warie phisition in altering the medicines and applie them as occasion do serue to sundrie affections and sodaine mutations that so it be foreseene in all the whole sickenesse as Galen also hath taught The second kinde of medicines which serue to a more
then hath a doublet made of a beastes skinne or such other kinde of apparell the which with the verie shirt oftentimes wee haue seene by shot burned neyther then is it to be doubted but that the aire beeing on fire following and driuing the pellet into the wounded person but thereby the flesh may also be burned But what will they say then when the gunne is discharged euen close at the partâ—es bodie and the wound happeneth in an vncloathed and naked place doth euerie souldier weare gauntlets and helmets yea oftentimes it happeneth the gunne to be discharged at the verie face necke handes and open mouth as they which are dayly conuersant in the warres can beare me witnesse farre better then those which dispute of the matter in their closets and according to the prouerb without hazard of gunshot Surely I denie not but when one is wounded so nigh the Ordinance but that the wound may be burned and blasted in which case they are greatly deceaued which thinke that such woundes are alwaies without blasting and doe iudge the heate to come onely of the pellet and therby do make rules so general that they may haue many exceptions which easily may be gathered by that which we before haue spoken intreating of the venome and blasting happening to these woundes Thus much haue I thought it good to declare vnto you concerning the nature essence of wounds by shot and of the sundrie accidentes which may happen thereunto the which for the most part are woont to be solution of continuitie with brusing and rending of the partes which requireth two intentions curatiue that is consolidation and restoring of the brused and torne partes but if it be accompanied with burning as it may be then must we repaire to the third intention that is to the extinguishing of the fire and drawing out of the heate yea and last of all to the fourth that is to some wholesome remedie named of the Greekes Alexipharmacon as often as we shall thinke that there is some venom in the wound hauing speciall regard to the moste dangerous discommodities and to finde out so manie curatiue and conseruatiue and preseruatiue intentions as sundrie woundes ioyned with sundrie accidentes shall require CHAP. II. Of the differences tokens and sundrie signes of woundes by Gunshot THose which more heedily consider those partes which by shot are wounded and doe wisely weye their office necessarie substance situation sence and figure and likewise the essence or maner of the hurt and the proper differences thereof may presently see and iudge as well by reason as experience what and howe manie intentions are necessarie to the curation therof and so may prouide indications much able to sundrie accidentes and present griefes and thereby to preuent things which are as yet to come as Galen teacheth lib. Met. 4. 7. To which purpose it greatly auayleth a perfect knowledge of proper differences and a consideration of the greatnesse or smalenesse deepenesse or hollownesse of the wound the which differences are taken as of the cause efficient of the manifold figures substances shapes and kinde of mettall of the shot for some of them are long some plaine some great some litle some verie slender which causeth that the wound is of sundrie sortes some strike awaie the member other pearce through tearing and rending the sinewy parts and bursting the bones or sometime by onely brusing and not pearcing the flesh according to the sundrie â—nd vnlike kinde of shot or to the nighnesse or farre distance thereof or according to the state of the bodie being hurted that is eyther naked or couered yea sometimes so safe it is defended with so sure a corslet and as we may say so teÌ„pered that it cannot be pearred neyther the bodie by anie meanes be wounded And if it bee wounded it is verie little and without danger in that the violence of the shot is weakened by the hardnesse and strongnesse of the armour and especiallie being the shot of no great ordinance but of some small peece and all these differences without doubt may be referred to one kinde that is to the solution of continuitie which sometime is seene and somtimes is hidden that is manifest which is perceiued by handling and sight and when a plaine wound appeareth with wannesse of the fleshe as it were an Escare ioyned with great dolor and specially when the sinewes are hurt which doth plainly shew vnto vs beside the signes of a wound which doth not a litle auaile to this purpose that the same is made by gunshot A hidden or secret wound is without anie manifest breaking of the skinne which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is knowen by shedding of the bloud betweene the flesh and the skinne and doe stayne the hurted part with a violet and wannie colour These are the common signes of such woundes wherein a consideration is had of onely brusing and solution of continuitie but insomuch as we haue taught in the former chapter that such woundes may sometimes be accompanied with venom and blastinâ— contrarie to the opinion of some it behoueth the Chirurgion to imploy all his studie and labour in this case to iudge and discerne euerie affection by the tokens and signes proper thereunto because such affections as we said before be often ioyned to such woundes and let him seeke out a proper remedie for ech of them and diligently consider which of them is most dangerous for that as Galen teacheth is not onely first but also chiefest to be cured that insomuch as sometimes wee are compelled by reason thereof not onely to let passe the other accidentes but also to make new that thereby we may remedie that which is most dangerous And this is the very cause why the knowledge of these wounds poisoned by shot are so necessarie as in the Chapter before we haue taught least that the sodaine death which many times comes thereby be imputed to the corruption of the aire and other first qualities when commonly the fault lieth in the wilfulnesse and vnskilfulnesse of the Phisition perswading themselues that these wounds by no meanes may be venemous therby they refuse the true kinde of healing And some no doubt will attribute it to the aboundance of blood and to the euill iuice of the bodies called by y e Greeks Cachochimia the which two verily I doe acknowledge with Galen confesse haue great force in hindering of al wounds and the chiefest causes of euill accidences notw estanding if the signes which signifieth venom hath in theÌ„ any thing coÌ„mon with these y t happen to gunshot where only coÌ„tusion is ioyned yet may they easily be discerned whether they be great or litle or waightie fearefull accidents and extraordinarie which oftentimes come to passe Therefore if the flesh be more wanner then it is wont to be in common wounds by shotte and as it were deade with an euill colour of all the whole member with intolorable and
extraordinarie aches and also with inflamation and pricking and shooting paines especially about the wound with vnlustinesse and heauinesse of all the whole bodie and many times burning feuers with sounding and alienation of the minde all these doo testifie that there is some venemous qualitie ioyned with the wound especially when there can no manifest cause be found out by y e Phisition whereof all these euill accidents should proceede which sometimes I haue seene to happen in simple wounds yea without the tearing of any sinewes But more certainer signes of this matter may be if any tokens appeare outwardly which may bee learned at the mouth of the patient and by relation of his familiar friendes and companions considering also the manner the place and the person being wounded But the surest signe of all is learned by the bullet if it may be found for if you cut him in two parts you shall see him darke and mixed with a purple and violet colour vnlike to the colour of other shot being cut which is wont to haue a yealow colour Then maist thou surely affirme that the shot was poisoned whereby the very substance thereof was altered as plaincly is seene by his inward colour which is greatly altered wanne and darke as we said before Proofe thereof also may be made in the fire which was said not rashly to haue great force in purging of all poison Because such things which are strong poison in deede doe consist of a spirituall and ayriall substance and therefore by force of fire doe easily vanish into the aire yet not with a smal heate such as is felt in going out of y e shot as Ambrosius Pareus thought which rather in processe of time woulde fixe it and make it not volatle and so consequently vnhurtfull But by a most strong heate of fire such as they vse in subliming for in that force of fire y e mercurie is eleuated and vanished away so likewise is the Arsnicke orpigment and such other spirits and for that cause they cannot be purged except they be pressed in the cold necke of the subliming vessels and so the suspected bullet being melted and kept in great heate a sufficient time then a darke and stinking smoke ariseth couering the mettall of which smoke or fume you must heware which after the melting is found not onely vnpurged but also appeareth blacke wanne and darke which commeth through the venemous fume spreding it selfe about the mettall and this is an infallible signe that the shott was poysoned whereby the wound may be venomed as I said before and that according to the time as it remaineth in the wound These be the signes whereby a poysoned wound is knowne which are the more dangerous to be iudged the more they doe weaken the strength of the patient Likewise blistering bladdering pricking paine drinesse contraction and hardnesse of the skinne doth manifestly shewe that the wound is also burnt with powder the which may be learned more surely by relation of the wounded person which can commonly declare whether he ware wounded nigh or farre off which also may be gathered by the burning of the vesture and it behoueth the Phisition to take heede diligently of all these thinges because they are of great waight and may bring great hurt to the wound and hinder greatly the curation thereof and through aboundance of fiures and other grieuous accidents which commonly insue vnlesse timely with wholesome medicines they be preuented as Galen commandeth in 4. Met. cap. 5. where he teacheth the maner of curing of an vlcer ioyned or coupled with another griefe not as the curation of a simple vlcer but first that affection must be remoued and then the vlcer to be cured Of the iudgement Furthermore a sounder iudgement in this case may be giuen by a heedie consideration of the saying of Galen written in his method where he teacheth that diseases may be dangerous for three causes first by reason of the worthinesse of the part affected secondarily through the vehemencie and strength of the griefe lastly by the malignitie and euill qualitie of the disease Therefore if the spirituall parts or if the braine and especially the substance thereof be wounded it is deadly Likewise the lunges the midriffe the stomacke the splene and kidnie being wounded doth cōmonly bring death for they also by reason of their offices are reckoned among the principall partes of no lesse ieopardie are the wounds of the guts especially in the smaller where there is no fleshe also in the bladder which cannot be aglutinated because they are vnbloudie parts and likewise woundes wherein the head or stomacke is pearced through are counted verie dangerous and the more greater and deeper y e wounds be with tearing of the sinewes and brusing of the bones so much the more dangerous they are and especiallie those which happen in the head with fracture of Cranion and also suche as be nigh the ioyntes through great and vehement accidentes insuing hereon but woundes ioyned with venome although in shew they be but small yet are they moste dangerous because by the contrarie substance excessiue qualitie thereof not onely the naturall disposition but also the verie substance of the bodie is altered and changed and especially when the wound is with breaking of the skinne which by thicknesse thereof doth defend the flesh which otherwise it woulde so that the poyson be not subtill that the contagiousnesse thereof doth not infect the bloud spirites and humors and consequently the principall partes whereby death commonly insueth Moreouer all these woundes are to be counted the more dangerous in case they be accompanied with euill accidentes and great passions and also the passion filled with euill humours and so much the more if at that time anie common sicknesse doth raigne in the campe caused by the aire whose qualitie although it be simple and not subiect to putrifaction yet oftentimes it bringeth great alteration to the qualities being infected with noysome and stincking fumes which oftentimes comes to passe in great hostes and chiefly in that part which is molested with composts and dead carcases of beastes and men from whence arise the noysome stincking fumes whereby the souldiers are afflicted also vnstablenesse of the weather comming with tempestes doth greatly hurt these woundes and oftentimes put the partie in great hazard and chiefly when a drie winter goeth before with northen blastes and a wet spring insueth with southerly windes through which many grosse humours are ingendred which with that vnstablenesse of weather are stirred and corrupted and the euilenesse of the aire ioyning therewith bringeth forth pestilent and burning feuers with inflamacions Gangrena and mortification yea and at the last death it selfe as Hipoc witnesseth in the third Aphorisme in lib. Epid. Neyther may we ouerpasse the loose and vnorderly kinde of dyet vsed not onely among the common souldiers but also with the Captaines rulers legates and protectors Which oftentimes are inforced to take such
good iuice and light of digestion The poorer sort may eate broath made of Mutten and Veale and of a Chicken if they be able boiled with raisins and prunes or such like as their ability will extende and let them forbeare grosse meats of euill iuice and hard of digestion and all water fowles and beasts and especially pigge flesh and salt meates and others that be sharpe and all kinde of spices let them drink Prisan Hipoc water and such as are sanguine or cholericke may vse onely water filtred and boiled let others especially such as before were not vsed to drinke wine delaide with water haue thinne Claret delayd with water and that in the beginning if so be y â— there be no feuer or inflamation and as concerning labour or rest let this Italian prouerbe followed La gamba al'letto la man al pecto with the aduise of Hipoc lib. de vlcer which saith that rest is verie meete for all wounded persons and labour hurtfull and therefore the Phisitions doo very foolishly in in commanding exercise of bodie to them that haue neede of suche rest and quietnesse that oftentimes they cannot moue themselues for paine but in steede of exercise they may vse frication on the whole partes and contrarie side and then they shall doe the office of medicine hauing vertue of keeping backe and shall turne aside the fluxes of humours comming to the affected member and also drie vp superfluous moistures ingendred by rest as Hipocrates hath taught lib. de Diaeta And as for sleepe let it be granted when nature seemeth to require it for sleepe in all diseases is verie necessarie to concoction and doth reuiue y e strength lost and decaâ—ed by bleeding paine and other passions yet heede must be taken that if the wound be inwardly and venomous the sleepe be not to large least thereby plentie of humours flowe to the affected part for the bloud with sleeping is alwaies drawen into the bodie Moreouer all vexations of the minde are verie hurtfull and especially anger which troubleth the stomacke and causeth the humors to be more thinner and subtiller whereby more aboundance of fluxis comes to the affected part and manie other euill passions and accidentes I haue willingly passed ouer repletion and emptinesse in that I meane to intreate of them by themselues and so without repetition to declare my minde CHAP. IIII. Of the second intention that is of purging and euacuation of humors by bloodletting and purgation NOt rashly and without great cause did Galen in his Method call to remembrance and highly commend this noble saying of Hipp. Medicum opportere non modo naturae imitatorem esse verum etiam eoru mque cum sua sponte eueniunt conferunt For it is y â— office of the Phisition to supplie the wants of nature and to preuent such hurtfull accidentes as may happen thereunto and that by indications taken of the waightinesse of the griefe the which I find to be two that is bloudletting and purgation both of the which are very necessarie to the curing of wounds by shot which for three causes may iustly be reckoned among most dangerous and therefore it is verie necessarie to drawe bloud in the curation of these woundes that in the verie beginning that so thereby the fluxe of humours in the wounded part be stayd and impostumation kept backe neither must we stay for the digestion of the wound and deferre it till the beginning and state thereof be past as Auicen thought whose opinion is not onely against all reason but also contrarie to the authoritie of Hipocrates who teacheth that if any thing is to be moued it must be done in the verie beginning Moreouer this bloudletting must be done in y e contrarie or opposit part then especially when it is not doubted that the shot was venomous which if it should be then is reuulsion forbidden for the venome is to be drawen out by scarification of the wound it selfe or a little belowe and partes about it taking heede that it creepe not farre as his nature is to the noble and principall partes as more at large we will declare when we intreate of the curation thereof The fittest time for letting of bloud is the morning except we be forced otherwise eyther by ouermuch fluxe of bloud or anie other accident and before we doe it it shall not be amisse to minister a glister to lose the belly and also in letting of bloud we must not onely weigh the greatnesse of the wound but also the fulnesse of the whole body and according thereunto limit the quantitie of bloud eyther more or lesse neither must wee forget to consider the age of the patient the time of the yeare the nature of the place diuers other things which must be committed to y e iudgement of the skilfull Phisition which may wisely weigh y t which is written by Galen lib. De missione sanguinis Purgations are no lesse necessarie in the curing of these woundes then is bloudletting for two causes the one the greatnesse of the griefe the other the aboundance of ill iuice which may be gathered by these words of Galen writteÌ„ lib. 4. Meth medendi Purgatio non in sola cacochymia conuenienter suscipitur sed sicut missio sanguinis vel propter ipsius abundantiam vel propter morbi magnitudinem ita purgatio propter abundantiam alteruis cuiusdam succi propter vim morbi adhibetur Neyther are they blamelesse which contemne this way of curing as though it were little oâ— nothing pertaining to cure woundes by shot when as both reason and experience shew the contrarie to those which following Hipocrates and Galen as captaines haue set downe a methodicall and orderly curation of such woundes for purgation saith Hipocrates is profitable for diuers vlcers Preterea vulner ibus capitis item ventris tum inferioris tum superioris atque etiam articulorum And he addeth also quae exeduntur quae serpunt quae diuturna sunt etiam quaecunque obligandâ— sunt per aluum purganda esse The which remedie must by and by and at the verie beginning be vsed yea immediatly after the letting of bloud partly that we may auoyd the humors following to the afflicted part by the contrarie way which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if the wound be in the ouer part we must purge by the lower part and if in the lower part wee must purge by vomite and partly that thereby wee drawe away the humors imimpacted and sticking to the wounded part and sides thereof by deriuation as both Hipocrates and Galen hath taught But if anie will alleadge by the authoritie of ancient Phisitions that purgation is not necessarie to healthfull bodies and suche as abound not with excrementes as commonly the bodies of souldiers be otherwise they were not able to sustayne such great labour and that they verie greeuously abide purgations and therewith are brought into swoundinges and
whirlinges of the braines the which discommodities are to be kept oâ—f from nature for when the purgation findeth not his proper huâ—or to worke vpon it setteth vppon the bloud and flesh and so expelleth that which is necessarie and good yet for all this except such be purged they commonly fall in great hazard and worse passions as feuers mâ—â—mamations great aches rauâ—nges and such like which commonly follow these wounds and therefore the euacuation of good humours is necessarie that wee may preuent that which is to come and by this meanes wee shall not onely bring the wounded part in good temperature but also the whole body in better state Now then insomuch as purgations are necessarie in these great and dangerous woundes it behoueth it to be done with great diligence heede taking first we must consider the state custome and age of the patient also the nature of the time and qualitie of the countrey and so in other cases we must searche out the humour moste abounding and the place affected whereby we may learne what humour is to be purged and how and what way most easily it will be expelled then aboue all let vs choose such purgations as most easily safely may be ministred for I can scarse allowe the vse of y â— violent ones which were in vse in Galens and Hipocrates time because in operation they are verie hote and thereby doe easily breede feuers and disturbe the bloud and so bring the wound to inflamation impostumation of which sortes are Coloquintida and Elleborus especially vnprepared But we may safely vse Cassia Manna Rubarbe Sene Polipodie Agaricke but chiefly their extracts the which more safer with as much profite may be vsed in these greene woundes as the other may in dayly and vehement vlcers and because the bellies of some by taking a medicine are not loosed by reason of the varietie of natures for some are hardily purged with others a small purgation worketh and there be which by onely smelling thereunto are greatly purged we must therefore take heede that wee giue not a strong purgation to our patient except first we haue had proofe of his nature But and if the ordure be hard and baked in the guttes and so the purgation be hindered it were necessarie first to loose it with some gentle medicine giuen by the mouth as a bole mad of an â„¥ of Cassiaâ—extract with Suger and Aniseede or else made soluble by ministring some gentle glister of which sorte is this following Take of mallowes violets herb Mercurie betes of each a handful of the greater colde seedes and of Anise an â„¥ i. of Barly flowers of Chamomill of Borage and Nenuphare or water Lily Ana. p. i. Let a decoction be made and to one pinte thereof adde of Cassia extract with the leaues of Sene and dia Prun simp or trifera persica anaÊ’ vi honie and oyle of Violets Ana â„¥ ii misce pro enemate The day following let him take some medicine as shal be most meetest as his body doth abound either with flcame or chollâ—r and anie other humour for more easier doth it worke and better is the purgation when the right humour is purged Take the roote of Irios Eupatory Pimpinel and Acorus ana Ê’ iii. the roote of Mechoacan Oke Ferne new the pith of Cartamy seedes ana â„¥ ss Aniseede Raisins and Licorise anaÊ’ ii Veronica Betony and Scabios ana m. i of the Cordâ—all flowers of ech p. i. the leaues of Sene Ê’ ii let them be boyled and strained and infuse thereunto of the troches of Agaricke Ê’ ii and after the expression put thereto â„¥ i. of sirupe of Roses solutiue and for those that be strong adde to it Ê’i ss or Ê’ii of Diaphenicon and for the cholericke vse this following Take succorie endiue sorrell lettice purslane fluelin ana m. i. raisines Ê’ii Iuiubarum sweete prunes ana paria iiii the seedes of melons dodder citrons purslane and anise anaÊ’i ss of the cordiall flowers of ech one little handful yeallow sanders Ê’ ss let a decoction be made and to a dose thereof adde Ê’iii of chosen rubarbe and and Ê’ii of Citren Myrabolans with ℈ i. of synamom and to that being expressed add of the sirupe of Cicorie with rubarbe and sirupe of roses solutiue of ech one ounce and thereof make a potion and for the stronger sort add to Ê’ii of the Elec of the iuice of roses of Mâ—sues or els Ê’ii of the Elect. de citro sol Ê’ii But if the complexion of the patient bee melancholy and that humor aboundeth this potion following is profitable Take Radicum eupatorii Mesues siue gratiolae and turmentil of ech â„¥ ss Polipodie Asarabacca Tamarindes anaÊ’ iii. aniseed raisoÌ„s anaÊ’ii fluellin scabious burrage buglos fumitere ceterach politrici ana m. ss sinamon Ê’ ss Epithimy flowers of violets and of broome ana p. i. and let them all be boyled and in the expression thereof macerate halfe an ounce of Sene that being strained dissolue therin of the sirupe of Peaches and of fumiterre compound anaÊ’ vi and make thereof a potion and if the strength of the patient be sufficient you may adde there to Ê’ ii of Confectio hamech or the like quantitie of dia polipodi In so much as oftentimes not one but all humors abounde mixed and spred throughout all the body that happeneth oftentunes in that case minister this potion following especially if there be any suspicion of venime Take the rootes of Turmentill of Angelica of Gentlan of ech Ê’ iii. of Acorus of Pimpinell of ech Ê’ ii of Polipody of the Oke of the pith of Cartamisâ—edes of ech â„¥ ss of Endiue of Succorie of Agrimony Cetrach Hops Fumiterre of ech half a handful of Licorise and Raisons of ech Ê’ i. ss Of Damasin Primes parâ—a iiii of the seeds of Endiue of Sorell of Citri and of Purslaine of ech one dram of Aniseed one dram a halfe of y e Cordiall flowers of the flowers of broome and Tameriske one little handfull of Sene leaues Ê’ iii. bâ—ile them for a dose and infuse in the decoction thereof being strained of Rubaâ—be ii Ê’ and ℈ iiii of Agaricke with one scruple of Spicknard another of Ginger and in the expression thereof dissolue one ounce of the syrope of Roses solutiue and make thereof a potion and let it be ministred yea twise and it bee neede Many other sorts of Purgations may be made which are to be referred to the iudgement of the learned Phisition as also the reiteration of them yea in the state of the sicknesse if strength do serue and occasion require but if the patient abhorreth this kinde of medicines then let him vse the extractions of simple purgers as of rubarb agarike or sene of the which by orderly coÌ„position al humors may be purged as we haue taught lib. de med vegetab spag prepar where also you
which being ministred expelleth all venome as by dayly proofe it hath bene tried and take it for a singuler secret although it be familiar A most excellent medicine agaynst poyson and by oft ttiall proued Take the rotes asclepiadis â„¥ i. the rotes of Ualerian and Turmentill of eche â„¥ ss polipodie rotes â„¥ ii garden Augelica â„¥ iiii wild Angelica and holihock roots ana â„¥ ii nettels â„¥ i. rotes of Thimelea â„¥ i ss roots of scabious and lesser valerian ana â„¥ ss let all the roots be gathered betweene the 15. of August and the 8. of September and smale shred and put in a pot with a sufficient store of vineger and then fast luted and so let them infuse for 12. houres after seeth them for the space of an houre and a halfe and powring out the vineger let them be dried and made in a powder and put thereto twelue berries of herbe Paris and sixe and thirtie leaues of the same and make of them a powder whose dost is Ê’ i. in white wine Another alwaies readie to be made Take Methridate and treacle of each Ê’ ss pearles prepared and red corall and ℈ i. bole armenye Ê’ ss sirope of lemons â„¥ i. buglosse and Scabions water as much as suffiseth and make thereof a potion and let it be renewed once or twise if neede require Another for riche men Take aurum vitae essence of pearles ana gr vi essence of corrall gra viii terrae sigillatae electae ℈ i. and let a potion be made w t â„¥ ii of our thertacle water ministred out of hand for this wonderfully defendeth the heart from all poyson and venoine It is verie good also to vse tomentations to the region of the heart made of pearles saunders corrall camphere and other cordials But Galen in his xiii booke Meth. Med. iudgeth two intentions curatiue to be required in those venomous woundes the one to draw forth the poyson the other to alter the paine comming thereof The first intention is performed with thinges heating and drawing as boxing frications cauterizatioÌ„s made with hot iron or medicines The other is done by such medicines which did or can alter the qualitie by a contrarie qualitie as to vse refrigeratiues if great heat doâ—nolest the patie it calefartiues if cold be felt in the wound or in all the body And in the meane spaee the antient Phisitions councelled to put in the wound salt onyons rue mustard-seede wallnuts dittany brimstone nuttes and such like medicines hauing great force to drawe They vsed allbindinges and sacrifications with lancet whereby the more quantitie of corrupted bloud might issue of which thinges Paul Aetius Actuarius and Cornelius Celsus excellent Phisitions and worthie of eternall commendations haue worthily written Notwithstanding because they had neyther y e knowledge of wounds made by gunshot neyther of any excellent medicine neyther yet perhaps of the poyson wherewith the shot may be poisoned I haue thought it meete to bring to light most profitable medicines they not comon to cure suche wounds as are venoâ—ned y e vse of which the thankfull posteritie cannot sufficiently commend Therefore at the very first dressing if by the aforesayd signes it is manifest the wound to be poysoned draw out if you may all thinges infixed and scarifie the lippes of the wound and set boxing glasses thereto and annoynt the tentes to be put in the wound with this vnguent following An vnguent profitable for poysoned woundes Take Vng Macedonici â„¥ ii oyle of Mirrh and Turpentine ana Ê’ ii our precipitate Ê’ i. ss butter of Arsnicke fixed and dulâ—ified as the manner is â„¥ ss oyle of Antimonie Ê’ ii a little waxe and make thereof an oyntment There cannot a more better medicine be found to drawe out and clense anie poyson in woundes wherefore the Chyrurgions ought alwaies to haue it made in a readinesse whose force when they haue proued in these woundes and all maligne vlcers as Carcinomata Gangrena and other desperate sores so much the more will they commend it for it worketh without anie paine Another most excellent Take olei mercur corporalis Ê’ i. ss olei sulphuris therebi Ê’ iii. arsenici dulcificati Ê’ ii and with a little fresh butter make thereof an vnguent and applie it to the wound as it is said with tentes and plegettes for it cureth all venomous woundes and Gangrena Caner eating and naughtie vlâ—ers and about the compasse of the wound let this plaster be applyed An attractiue medicine Take Ammoniaci bdellii dissolued in vineger of Roses ana â„¥ ii Galbani â„¥ ss mumiae thuris Mastick ana Ê’ iii. Camphere Ê’ ii white red corall Magnes prepared asphalti amber ana â„¥ ss rad aristolochiae serpentariae et arundinis ana Ê’ ii ss wax ship-pitch an â„¥ iii. alabast Ê’ iii. oyle of Turpentine and of eggs ana q. s to make a cerote This medicine being rightly prepared draweth out not onely the venome but also whatsoeuer is infixed in the wound eyther pellet iron bones spels or ragges of clothes Another excellent attractiue Take gummi corticis med tiliae drawne as heereafter shall be taught â„¥ ii magnetis praep â„¥ i. succini flaui praep â„¥ ss opoponaxe purged with the iuice of Serpentariaz iii. Turpentine and waxe as much as suffiseth to make an emplaster Aliud specificum The tong of a foxe cut off in a conuenient time and prepared and dried as it ought draweth out the shot yea from the inward partes without paine if first it be moystened in red wine wherein serpentarie and aristolochia hath bene boyled and so applyed to the wound also this defensiue following layd round about the member is of great force Defensiuum Magistrale Take of the flowers of Mullen hipericon and roses ana p. ii the leaues of rue and henvane ana m. i. Camphire â„¥ ss boyle them in vineger and make thereof a Cataplasme that asswageth paine and keepeth the part from impostumation These medicines oughâ— to be changed twise a day and must be vsed vntill all grieuous passions shall seeme to be gone and then the wound must be vsed as if it were bursed and that may be done with prolonging of tune that the venomous matter may ruime out and not creepe inward And when such time is come that we iudge the venome to be drawn out quite you may incarnate and cicatrize the wound as we haue said before but if the wound be so infected with poyson that it seemeth to bring great danger of death and is deadly indeede and nothing amendeth by applying of medicines it shall not be amisse the danger before declared to cut of the member if it be such as may be cut off let this suffise concerning venomous woundes Now going about to intreat of burning which oftentimes happeneth to woundes by shot I cannot sufficiently discommend the iudgement of those which will that colde thinges and such as haue great poer to keepe backe are in this case straight to be applied
the meane while in the would it selfe about it vse fit medicines and defensiues of which wee haue spoken before Moreouer you must see that the wounded part be rightly placed if need be rowled in a plate of lead bowed to the fashion of a leg or an arme or els w t sodden lether fastened together with buckles whereby the bones which were broken may the surer be holden together which ought not as litle as may be be shaken and mooued vntill hee is cured and the bandes loosed and vse also vulnerary potions meete to that purpose by which onely I haue seene fractures cured the bones beeing rightly placed and that I haue seene to be especially obserued in Germany I remember also I learned at Reystadium not farre from Rayns that the inhabiters there doe vse a certaine stone named by his vertue Beinbruch they giue one dram thereof in red wine in the morning wherein periuincle was infused all night continue so iiii or v. dayes by this meanes they take away paine and dangerous accidentes and heale the fracture in foure or fiue daies to the great admiration of all men whereof I my selfe am witnesse and also Matheolus maketh mention thereof in hys commentaries Also they are woont to vse the same stone made in forme of a cataplasme with Geranio brused and oyle oliue or oile of Roses which commeth to so good effect that the bones doo conglutinate without any paine or inflamation which were almost incredible were not that besides my selfe there were innumerable witnesses which haue seene it with their eyes Wherefore I iudge that this kinde of medicine is most excellent in these kinde of wounds ioyned with fracture for the greatest part of the worke is past when the bones bruâ—ed bee so soone and easie conglutinated without any inconuenience in that the fracture doth nothing hinder vs but that we may cure the wound as if it were onely contused Moreouer it openeth to vs a compendious and briefe curation and most fittest to ease the sicke But in so much as the stone is not to bee had in all places that it were well if the pothecaries had it alwayes to sell you may vse a vulnerarie potion in steed therof to cure wounds w t fracture described in our antidotary which you shall finde in cap de potionibus vul and in the meane space vse my catagmatico which is excellent for the same purpose and if there be no feare of inflamation you may put to it the gumme or iuice of Aristolochiae adders tongue boraxe and crocus martis to harden Callus to strengthen the member but if the peeces of the bones be so small that they may fall off then vse this iniectâ—on Take the iuice of Aristolochiae serpentary ireos periwinele of ech â„¥ iii. white wine â„¥ vi aqua vitae â„¥ iii. myrrhe sarcacolla mastick ireos guaiaci ana â„¥ i. aleos hep m. mummiae ana â„¥ ss cloues Ê’ i. circulate theÌ„ in B. iiii dayes then seeth theÌ„ to y e consumtion of the third part then straine it reserue it that you may vse it with a siringe when occasion shal require This iniection besides that is most excellent for the bones it also clenseth the wounde and by little and little doth incarnate and may be vsed to cure it throughly but if it happen the bone to be corrupted and beginneth to putrifie which oftentimes comes to passe through the comming in of the aire then the which thâ—re is nothing worse to a fracture in which case you may vse this remedie following and although there is no mention thereof before yet is it very profitable Take the oile of myrrhe distilled per dissensum and purified with the spirite of wine â„¥ ss oile of cloues Ê’ it oile of sulphur distilled with colcater Ê’ i. ss mixe them togither and when you will vse it touch the corrupted bone twise or thrise with a little cotten bound to the ende of an instrument and wetted in the foresaid liquor and then will the putrified bone heale and all that is rotten scale away Another Take oile of tartar distilled by a retorte oile of guaici ana â„¥ ss oile of sulphur and of vitrioll anaÊ’ i. mixe them and vse it as aforesaid Another Take Balsalmo merc â„¥ ss oile of Antimonie â„¥ iii. salt of saturne Ê’ ii mixe them togither There cannot be deuised or found out a better remedie and more fitter for this purpose for it also cureth naughtie and ligne vlcers and to the lippes of the wounde and about it apply that emplaister which is most fittest to draw out the cotten bones and very good to cure the wound throughly CHAP. 1111. Of wounds by shot which perce the other part of the bodie without fracture of the bones FUrthermore if the shot haue perced the breast sides or lower parts of the belly it must be considered whether the wound extendeth to the hollownes thereof and if it do whether any principall part be hurt that you may giue a perfite prognostication as we haue taught in the chapter de sig Iudic. For if it perceth not the body it requireth not any other kinde of handling or healing then that generally described of vs before but if it happen otherwise then there are some things to be obserued properly and particularly for if case the brest be perced and the bullet not gone through we must assay to take it out and not onely that but also whatsoeuer is therein else and we must wisely waigh whether any blood he fallen in the hollownesse thereof which if it be it must warily be taken ouâ— in turning and placing the bodie of the sicke in such wise as shall seeme best And all other kinde of remedies for this purpose must be vsed by enlarging the wound and leauing it open vntill time require that the blood may come forth the better and by this meanes diuers incommodities are withstoode which commonly comes through the retention of bloode in these partes whereunto these wounds are greatly subiect Also in this case vulner arie potions are of great force in that they dissolue y â— conieled blood and keepe it from coagulations and minister them to the sicke first euery morning and also in the euening as you haue learned in the last chapter of our Antidot de potio vul The rest of the curation you may performe by such wayes and remedies as are vsed in other wounds by shot But yet this one thing is singularly and particularly to be obserued that such medicines be altered and their formes chaunged into iniections as neede shall require for otherwise they cannot reach the bottome thereof to worke their force which iniections may be made of these medicines which are prescribed of vs in the former treatise and they must be cast in by a spoute which I haue proued to errest all other instrumentes in that it sucketh vp againe that which he cast in which is required in the vse of the
Cidoniorum Ê’ iii. and with oile of Camphire make an ointment Repellentia sanguinem cohibentia Take of Bole-armene prepared after the Spagericke manner ii ounces Crocus Martis and Crocus veneris ana i. ounce mixe them with oyle of roses Or take of Colcotharis Dulcificuti ashes of frogs burned ana â„¥ ss mingle them with the white of an egge There be made other remedies for the foresaid intents the making whereof we haue described in their proper places which I commit to the iudgement of the skilfull Chyrurgion to vse wisely as the disease and partie affected doth require Now there remaâ—neth to speake of drinkes for wounds before we teach the preparation of medicines De potionibus vulnerariis THese potions for woundes although they driue not out the humors downwards yet preuâ—il they very much to clense wounds because they clense superfiuous humors and the blood from al filth and by a certaine maruellous quallitie wherewith they excell they knit the broken bones help the sinows that are hurt by wounds and helping nature they at last fill the wounds with flesh and close them vp without vsing any other remedie when as I saw in Germany the maruellous and almost incredible effect which came by y e vse of these potions eueÌ„ in curing of desperate vlcers I thought it not meete to passe ouer the mention of them and that so much the rather because I knew the vse of them in time past was allowed but now through the negligence of Phisitions to be almost grown â—ut of vse Also I haue experienced those potions to be taken not onely as medicines but also as no irisments and to helpe all the passions and incommodities whereunto wounds are subiect The simples whereof the medicines are made are these Cyclaminâ—s Consolidae maior Consolida media quam Sophiam nonnulli vocant 〈◊〉 Galanga Vincaperuinca Centaurium Ophioglosson Bâ—tonica Arâ—stolochia Veronica Agrimonia Verbena Serpentaria Persicaria Arthemisia Lilium couuallium Zedoaria Pyrola Sperma ceti Cancri fluuiatiles Nux vomica Astaci Mumia Macis Bolus Armena You shall much better draw out the strength of those simples 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sort if you put them into a tunne of white must and digest them there two monethes or if you cut the greene herbs very small and wring out the iuice of them into a Pelicane or blind Lunbeck and circulate them 3. or 4. dayes in Balneo Marie This last way is most conuenient for them that are forbidden the vse of wine specially iâ— they be wounded in the heade The distilled waâ—â—â— of them be also good if they be taken dayly by themselues morning and euening with doâ—e and manner conuenient Or if white wiâ—â—e be delayed with them if it be granted to the wounded heere followeth the compositions of the vulnerarie potions Take of both Comâ—eties Veronica Sowbread ana m. i. Astacos purges 〈◊〉 iii. white wine two measures circulate them in Balneo 3. dayes straine it and giue euery morning one spooneful Or take off the eyes of Crabs in pouder â„¥ ss Mumia ii drams Bole Armenae i. dram and a halfe the herbes of Agrimoni Ophioglosson Veronia and Sowbread ana m. i. Sperma Ceti Ê’ i. infuse them in white wine all a night in Balneo take of this two spoonefuls morning and euening if neede be it putteth away the inflamations very much and helpeth the burning Take of Macis the eyes of Crabs Zedoarie anaÊ’ iii. Mumia Galengaâ—â— the lesse ana ii banis Nucis vomica i. dram and a halfe beate them grosely and put them into a glasse vessell powring thereto of white wine i. measure and a halsâ— maâ—erate them in a soâ—t heate ii daâ—es The dose is one sppoâ—e full in the morning and as much at night The force of this potion is so great that it cannot be sufficiently commended Take of the flowers of Vinca Peruinca Lilium Conualium â—â—a p. i. Galanga Zedoaria ana ii drams Mumia Bole Armenia ana i. dram Sperma Ceti halfe a dram white wine two measures digest and circulate them in Balneo 4. dayes the dose is one spoonefull morning and euening Take of Aristolochi Sowbread Adders grasse both comferies Gerami ana m i. Sanin M. ss maces Zedoariae the eyes of Crabbes ana halfe an ounce Mumia Galingale the lesse anaÊ’ i. ss being cut small and bâ—used and the other thinges brought into a grose pouder boile all in a double vessell 4. houres with one measure of wine vse it morning and euening This medicine is much better then so many splentes wherewith many are tormented Take of flowers of Lilium Conualuim Betonie ana p. â— Galingale Macis anaÊ’ iii. Persicaria Salendâ—ne Vinca Peruinâ—a Veronica Centauri ana M. ss macerate them as before and reserue them to your vse Take of the mice of Veruen Betonie Veronica ana â„¥ ii Sinamon wateri pound macerate them Take of Bole Armeniae halfe an ounce of both the Comferies ana m. i. Galingale Ê’ ii temper them with wine as aforesaid reserue them to vse Dâ—uers descriptions of potions may be made of the aforesaid simples which I leaue to the iudgemeÌ„t of the expert Phisition notwithstanding this one thing I will adde that the vse of them hath many oportunities to cure wounds by gun shot as also the Canker and all maligne desperate and eating vâ—cers of all which the Phisition shall take very great profite if he prepare the potions with the essence of the vulnerarie simples spagerically extract as we haue taught in an other A briefe declaration of Spagiricall medicines FOr as much as now remaineth to declare the Spagericke preparation of those simples which pertaine to the cure of wounds by gunshot wee will vse the same method wee haue before vsed whereby this our treatise may be the plainer Supuran tia sunt igitur Anodyna Oleum ouorum Oleum butyri Oleum resinae Ol. visci pomoru compos Oleum hyperisi simpâ— Olea omniumaxung Detergentia Oleum myrthae Oleum mastiches Oleum tereointhmae Oleum mellis Viscus centaurij Viscus vincoe peruincoe Viscus aristolochioe Sal foecum aceti Balsamus martis Crocus vencris Mercur. praecipitauis vulgaris Mercur. praecip dulcific Oleum guaiaci Balsamus veneris Balsamus Saturni Balsamus tartari Sarcotica Balsamus hyperici Oleum thuris Oleum sarcocollae Oleum mannae Viscus consolide vtrisque Viscus cynoglossi Epulation Calx testarum ouorum Calx testarum limacum Bolus armenia praeparata Alumen adustum preparatum Crocus Martis Creta vitrioli flaua quae etiam cicatrices decorant Ol. salis tartari Ol. talci Repellentia san guineÌ„ cohibentia Oleum visci pomorum simplex Oleum Martis Crocus Martis Crocus Veneris Colcothar simplex Colcothar dulcificatum Bolus Armenia praeparata Calx testarum ouorum Calx testarum limacnm Adve nena Butyrum arsenici fixum Praecipitatus dulcificatus Balsamus tartari Oleum Mercur corporale Oleum antimonij Oleum sulphuris vitriolatiâ— Ad Ambusta Oleum