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A00440	The auncient ecclesiasticall histories of the first six hundred yeares after Christ, wrytten in the Greeke tongue by three learned historiographers, Eusebius, Socrates, and Euagrius. Eusebius Pamphilus Bishop of Cæsarea in Palæstina vvrote 10 bookes. Socrates Scholasticus of Constantinople vvrote 7 bookes. Euagrius Scholasticus of Antioch vvrote 6 bookes. VVhereunto is annexed Dorotheus Bishop of Tyrus, of the liues of the prophetes, apostles and 70 disciples. All which authors are faithfully translated out of the Greeke tongue by Meredith Hanmer, Maister of Arte and student in diuinitie. Last of all herein is contayned a profitable chronographie collected by the sayd translator, the title whereof is to be seene in the ende of this volume, with a copious index of the principall matters throughout all the histories; Ecclesiastical history. English	Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260-ca. 340.; Hanmer, Meredith, 1543-1604.; Socrates, Scholasticus, ca. 379-ca. 440. Ecclesiastical history. English. aut; Evagrius, Scholasticus, b. 536? Ecclesiastical history. English. aut; Dorotheus, Saint, 255-362, attributed name. aut	1577 (1577)	STC 10572; ESTC S121374	989,961	618

Euāgelists presse y ● Christiās w t the yoke of bondage seruitude but left y ● remēbrāce of the feast of Easter the obseruation of other holidayes to their free choice discretiō which haue bene benefited by such daies And because mē are wont to keepe holidaies for to refreshe their wearisome bodies already pining w t toyle labor therfore it cōmeth to passe y ● euery one in euery place of a certaine custome do celebrate of their owne accord y ● remēbrāce of y ● Lords passiō ▪ for neither our sauiour neither his Apostles haue cōmaūded vs any where to obserue it neither haue they layd it downe as a law neither haue y ● Euāgelists apostles threatned vs or inioyned vs a penalty or punishmēt as y ● law of Moses hath done vnto y ● Iewes but only y ● Euāgelists make mētiō of this fest partly to y ● great shame of y ● Iewes who defiled their bodies and prophaned their solemne feasts with blood and slaughter and partly also to signifie that our sauiour suffred death for the saluation of mankind in the dayes of vnleauened bread The drist of the Apostles was not to lay downe canons and decrees concerning feasts and holy dayes but to become paterns vnto vs of pietie of good life and godly conuersation I am of the opinion that as many other things crept in of custome in sundry places so the feast of Easter to haue preuayled among all people of a certaine priuate custome and obseruation insomuch that as I sayde before not one of the Apostles hath any where prescribed to any man as muche as one rule of it The successe and euents haue manifestly declared vnto the worlde that of olde time it was obserued not by canon but of custome The greater part throughout the lesser Asia haue solemnized this feast of olde vpon the fourteenth day of the moneth without any accompt made or heede taken of the sabaoth day For all that while they did so they were not at discord with such as retayned a contrary obseruation of that feast afore that Victor bishop of Rome through boyling heat choler had excōmunicated all Asia I meane such as obserued the feast of Easter the fourteenth day of the moneth For which act Irenaeus bishop of Lions a citie in Fraunce inueyed bitterly in his letters againste Victor rebuked him for his fu●●ishe dealing and furious rage put him in remembrance that the elders and auncient fathers who varyed amonge them selues about the obseruation of this feast communicated neuerthelesse one with another and also that Polycarpus bishop of Smyrna whiche suffred martyrdome vnder Gordianus communicated with Anicetus bishop of Rome neither fell he out with him at all as Eusebius reporteth in the fift booke of his ecclesiasticall historie for all that he kept the fourtienth day of the moneth as the custome of Smyrna where he abode did preuaile Some as I sayd before in the lesser Asia doe celebrate that feast the fourteenth daye of the moneth some againe inhabiting the farthest parts of Asia eastwards vary in the moneth yet hold the feast vpon the saturday they thinke that the Iewes are herein to be followed for all they curiously marke not the time of the feast these men doe solemnize it after the Aequinoctiall space yet doe they detest the time limited by the Iewes for the celebration therof for they thinke that Easter is euer to be kept when the sunne is in Aries after the Antiochians in the moneth Xanthicus but w t the Romaines in Aprill That also therein they followed as Iosephus writeth in his third booke of Iudaicall antiquities not the Iewes of the later age who foully erred therein but the eldest and most auncient And as these men varied thus among themselues about the obseruation of the feast of Easter so is it manifest that all other contreys throughout the west parts of the world whose bankes are beaten with the surging waues of the Ocean sea of old tradition prescribed custome haue celebrated this feast after the Aequinoctiall lime And for all that these contreyes these nations and languages thus varyed one from the other yet they neuer deuided the communion of the church neither brake they asunder y ● bond of vnitie Neither is y ● true which is rife in the mouthes of malicious men that the councell summoned in the time of Constantinus Magnus peruerted set quite out of order the maner and custome retayned about the celebration of this feaste For Constantinus him selfe wrote vnto such as varied from others exhorting the fewer multitude to follow the greater number the which epistle of the Emperour thou shalt finde wholly in Eusebius thirde booke of the lyfe of Constantine But some portion thereof which specially concerneth the feaste of Easter is read in this sorte In my simple iudgement that is a notable custome the vvhiche all the churches VVest South and North together vvith manie contreyes of the East doe retayne and therefore it commeth to passe that all presently doe thinke verie vvell of it I my selfe haue presumed so muche vpon your discrete vvisdomes that vvhat custome so euer is obserued vvith vniforme consent in the cytie of Rome Italie Aphricke and all Aegypt Spayne Fraunce Brittayne Libya and all Greece in the prouinces of Asia Pontus and Cilicia you moste vvyllingly vvoulde approue the same vveyinge vvith your selues aright that there are not onely more churches but a greater number of people in those partes and that all of duetie shoulde vvishe and earnestly desire that thinge to be moste religiously established vvhich ryght and reason requireth vvhich also hath no fellovvshippe vvith the open periurie of stubburne and stifnecked Iewes This is a peece of the Emperours epistle They that keepe Easter the fourteenth day of the moneth bring forth Iohn the Apostle for their author such as inhabite Rome and the west partes of the worlde alleage Peter and Paul for them selues that they should leaue them such a tradition Yet there is none that can shew in writing any testimonie of theirs for cōfirmation proofe of their custome And hereby I do gather y ● the celebration of y ● feast of Easter came vp more of custome thē by any law or canon Euery sect religiō hath sūdry diuers rites ceremonies yet cōceaue they no worse opiniō of others therfore thē of thē selues for they whiche are of one faythe and opinion varye amonge them selues in rites and obseruations Wherefore occasion is nowe ministred to discourse of the diuersitie of ceremonies and customes throughout all contreyes and Christian congregations The maner of fastinge vsually obserued before Easter as it appeareth vnto the whole worlde hath diuersly bene obserued Such as inhabite the princely citye of Rome doe faste three weekes together before Easter exceptinge the Saturdaye and the Sundaye Illyrium all Greece together with Alexandria beginne their fastinge dayes six weekes before Easter and that space

among them selues vvho coulde soonest touch his bodye at their farevvell for his good and godly conuersation yea before his graye heare grevve he vvas honoured of all men In a shorte vvhyle all thinges necessarily required for the execution vvere applyed And vvhen as they vvoulde haue nayled him to the stake he sayde naye suffer me euen as I am For he that gaue me pacience to abyde this fyre vvill geue me also an immoueable mynde to perseuer vvithin this fyery pyle vvithout your prouision in pryntinge my bodye vvith nayles VVhen they had hearde that they cease from naylinge and fall a byndinge of him His handes then being bounde to his backe he like a notable ramme picked out of a greate flocke fitte for an acceptable burnte sacrifice vnto Almightye God is offered saying O Father of thy vvelbeloued and blessed sonne Iesus Christ through vvhome vve haue knovvne thee O God of the Angels and povvers and of euery liuing creature and of all sortes of iust men vvhiche liue in thy presence I thanke thee that thou hast graciouslye voutchsafed this daye and this houre to allotte me a porcion amonge the numbre of Martyres amonge the people of Christe vnto the resurrection of the euerlastinge lyfe both of body and soule in the incorruption of the holy Ghost amonge vvhom I shall be receaued in thy sight this daye as a frutefull and acceptable sacrifice as thou hast heretofore prepared often reuealed and novv fulfilled most faithfull God vvhich canst not lye VVherefore for all thinges I prayse thee I blesse thee I glorifye thee throughe the euerlastinge highe Prieste Iesus Christ thy vvelbeloued sonne to vvhome vvith thee and the holy Ghost be all glory vvorld vvithout ende Amen VVhen that he had pronounced this Amen and finished his prayer the executioners sette the pyle a fyre The flame vehemently flashed about terrible to the sight shevved no doubt of purpose to suche as vvere preserued to publishe the same to the posteritie For the flamye fire framing it selfe after the forme of a vault or the sayle of a shippe vvith the blustring blastes of vvinde compassed the filling bodye of the Martyr vvithin placed as vvith a vval and that vvhich vvas in the middes of the same vvas not as firye skorched or burned fleshe but as golde or siluer tryed in the fornace For it seemed to our senses a fragrant svveete smell as of frankensense or some such like precious perfume At length vvhen the cruel persecutors perceaued the fire not to consume his body they called for a tormētor and gaue him charge to launce him in the side vvith a speare vvhich vvhen he had done such a streame of bloude issued out of his body that the fire vvas therevvith quenched so that the vvhole multitude maruailed such a preheminence to be graunted in respect of the Infidels among the faythfull and elect people of God of vvhich number this Polycarpus vvas one a right Apostolicke and propheticall doctor of our tyme byshop of the Catholicke church of Smyrna for all that he spake either is alreadye or shal be hereafter fullfilled But the enuiouse subtle and maliciouse aduersarye of iust men seeinge the glorye of this Martyr so greate and his vnblamable conuersation from the beginninge to be crovvned vvith incorruption and to receaue an incomparable revvarde procured that his bodye should perishe from amonge vs for there vvere manye that endeuored and fullye purposed to haue bene partakers of his blessed bodye by buriall many pricked forvvardes Nicetes the father of Herode and his brother Dalces to moue the proconsull not to deliuer vnto the Christians his body least that sayth he they leauinge Christ fall a vvorshippinge of him This they sayd vvhen the Ievves egged and vrged them forevvardes vvhich continually vvatched vs least that vvee snatched him out of the fyre beinge ignorant of this that vve can neuer forsake Christ vvhich dyed for the saluation of the vvhole vvorlde that vve can vvorshippe none other for vve vvorshippe Christ as the sonne of God the Martyrs vve loue as disciples and follovvers of the Lorde and that vvorthely for the inuincible good loue they beare to their Kinge and maister vvhose companions and disciples vve desire to be vvhen the Centurion perceaued the sedition of the levves he caused the body to be layd in the middes after theyr accustomed manner to be burned So vve gathered his bones more precious then pearles and better tryde then golde and buryed them in the place that vvas fitte for the purpose vvhere god vvilling vve beinge gathered together the Lorde vvill graunte that vvith ioye and gladnesse vve may celebrate the byrth day of his martyr both for the remembrance of suche as haue bene crovvned before and also to the preparation and stirringe vp of suche as hereafter shall striue Thus it happened vnto Polycarpus that vvas martyred at Smyrna together vvith tvvelue others out of Philadelphia vvho onely among all the rest is so remembred that the Gentiles euery vvhere spredd his fame farre and nighe Such was the end of the blessed Apostolicke Polycarpus published in wrytinge by the brethren of the Church of Smyrna in the aforesayde Epistle where is also contayned the martyrdome of sundrye others that suffred then with Polycarpus whereof one Metrodorus suspected of the heresie of Marcion was burned with fire and consumed to ashes And amonge the Martyrs of that tyme there was one Pionius very famous who for his protestations and liberty of speache and Apologies for the fayth bothe in the presence of the people and Magistrates for his godly sermons and comfortinge perswasions of such as faynted in persecution for his consolation vnto suche as were imprisoned for his exhortations vnto the brethren resorting vnto him for his constancye in his manyfolde and greeuous torments and afflictions for his pacience in the firye pyle flashing about and last of all for his quiet death is highly commended and published to the prayse of God in that booke of ours which contayneth his Martyrdome Whereunto I referre the reader Also there are extant other monuments of certayne Martyrs that suffred at Pergamus a Citie of Asia As of Carpus Papylus and Agathonica a woman who after their notable confessions suffred gloriouse Martyrdome CAP. XVI Of the martyrdome of Iustinus a Christian philosopher AT that time Iustinus of whome we made mention before when he had dedicated a booke in the defence of our doctrine to the foresayd Emperours was crowned with martyrdome by the maliciouse meanes of Crescens the philospher professing in life and learninge the sect of Cynickes for Iustinus in open disputations and publicke conference had with this philosopher bare away the bell which tended to the shortning of his life and the hasteninge of his ende This thinge did this famous philosopher in his foresayd Apologie foresee and signifie in these words I looke for no other thinge then this but that I be betrayed of some one of thē called philosophers or

byshopricke sodenly as it vvere by certaine iugglinge feates he stepped forth a byshop this lavvemaker and protector of the ecclesiasticall science vvhen that he presumpteously endeuored to chalenge vnto himselfe the title of a byshop not graunted vnto him from aboue chose tvvo men of a desperate condition to be partakers of his heresie vvhome he might sende to a certaine corner or les ser part of Italy and thence to seduce three byshops plaine simple and countrey men by some crafty meanes auoutching and affirming that they must in all the haste come to Rome fayninge that they together vvith other byshops meetinge for the same purpose shoulde appease and remoue a certaine schisme raised in the Citie ▪ vvho beinge simple men as vve sayde before not knovving theyr craftie and mischieuous fetches aftertheir coming vvere inclosed by such levvde persons that vvere like vnto themselues suborned for the purpose aboute tenne of the clocke vvhen as they vvere some vvhat tipsie and vvel crommed vvith vitayles they vvere constrayned to create him bishop vvith imaginatiue and friuolous layinge on of handes the vvhich craftely and subtlely not compatible for his person he chalenged vnto him selfe One of them aftervvards repented him and returned vnto the Church bevvaylinge his fall and conconfessing his fault the vvhole multitude also intreatinge for him vvhome vve receaued vnto the company and communion of the laytie In the rovvmes of the other byshops vve ordayned and sent from vs such as should succeed them VVherfore this iolly defender of the Gospell vvas ignorant that there ought to be but one byshop in the catholicke church in the vvhich he knovveth for hovve shoulde he be ignorant that there are six and forty priests seuen deacons seauen subdeacons tvvo and forty acolytes tvvo and fyfty exorcists and readers vvith porters vvidovves and impotent persons aboue a thousand and fifty soules vvho all are releaued through the grace and goodnes of almighty God vvhome so great a multitude and so necessary in the Church and by the prouidence of God so copious and infinite yea a number of innumerable people could not cōuert and turne him to the Church from this his desperate and damnable presumption Againe in a while after he wryteth Novve forvvardes I vvill orderly declare by vvhat meanes by vvhat trade of life he purchaced vnto himselfe the title of a bishop Thinke you that therefore because of his conuersation in the Churche from the begining or because he endured many skyrmishes or conflicts for his name or that he stood in manifolde and greate perills for piety his sake none of all this vvas true in him The occasion of beleeuinge he tooke of Satan vvhich entred into him and made there longe abode VVhen he vvas deliuered by the Exorcists he fell into a dangerous disease and because he vvas very like to dye vvas baptized in the bedd vvhere he laye If it may be termed a baptisme vvhich he receaued For he obtayned not after his recouery that vvhich he shoulde haue done accordinge vnto the canon of the Church to vvete confirmation by the handes of the byshop In so much then he obtained not that hovve came he by the holy Ghost And againe a little after he sayth He beyngè lothe to dye and desirous of life in the time of persecution denyed himselfe to be a priest VVhen he vvas entreated by the deacons and admonished ●o come forthe out of the house vvherein he had enclosed himselfe and to minister vnto the necessitie of the brethren vvhich vvanted he vvas so farre from doinge and obeynge the Deacons that he vvent avvay and departed in a cha●e saying that he vvoulde no longer playe the priest but addicte him selfe vnto an other trade of Philosophie and againe to this he annecteth that which followeth this good man forsooke the Church of God vvherein he vvas baptized and vvhere also he tooke priesthoode vpon him by fauour of the byshop vvhich allotted him thereunto through the layinge on of handes and vvhen all the clergye yea and many of the layeti● vvithstoode the facte that none baptised in bedd as he vvas shoulde be chosen into the ecclesiasticall order yet they all requested that he might be permitted to enter into orders An other insolency of this man passinge all the former he reporteth thus VVhen he distributed the oblation and deliuered to euery mā parte thereof he added this vvithall constrayninge the seely soules before they receaued of his oblation to svvere holdinge both their handes together not loosed before they had thus svvorne I vvill vse theyr ovvne vvordes svveare vnto me by the body and blood of our Lorde Iesus Christ that thou vvilt neuer forsake me and flye vnto Cornelius The vvretched man tasted not thereof before he had vovved vnto him and in steede of that vvhen he receauinge the breade shoulde haue sayd Amen he ansvvered I vvill not goe vnto Cornelius Againe a little after he sayth Novv thou mayst vnderstande that he is all bare and foresaken reiected and left of the brethren vvho dayly returne vnto the Church vvhome blessed Moses a martyr vvho of late endured amongest vs a maruelous notable martyrdome being aliue and perceauinge his temerytie and arrogancie did excommunicate together vvith fiue other priests vvhich seuered themselues vvith him from the Church In the ende of the epistle he reciteth the catalogue of byshops who at theyr beinge at Rome condemned the madd fantasie of Nouatus wrytinge both theyr names and the prouinces where they gouerned he reciteth also the names and Cities of such as were absent and had subscribed by theyr letters These thinges hath Cornelius signified by his letters vnto Fabius byshop of Antioch CAP. XLIII Dionysius Alexandrinus reporteth of Serapion that fell in persecution howe at his ende he was desirous to receaue the sacrament of the Lords supper DIonysius also byshop of Alexandria wrote to the aforesayd Fabius who in manner yelded to the schisme many thinges in his letters of repentance paintinge forth theyr pacience which lately had bene martyred at Alexandria whereof omitting many things this one straunge acte worthy of memory we haue thought good to publishe in this our history for thus he wrote I vvill certifee thee sayth he of this one example vvhich happened amongest vs. There vvas one Serapion dvvelling among vs a faithful olde man vvhich of a long time liued vvithout reprehēsion but being tempted in persecutiō fell from the faith he entreated very often that he might be receaued again but none gaue eare vnto him for he had done sacrifice falling vnto a dangerous disease lay speachlesse and benummed of all his senses the space of three dayes the fourth day after being somvvhat recouered he called vnto him a nephevv of his his daughters sonne and sayd vnto him hovve longe O my sonne doe ye vvithholde me I besech you make hast and absolue me quickly call vnto me one of the Priestes the vvhich as soone as he had

onely among them which then bare away incurable woundes he being the cause thereof but also among his owne familiar and deare friendes so that the emperour also had him in disple asure and alienated his minde from him partly for this thing and partly for an other cause which was as followeth He went about to pull downe the temple where the tombe of the Emperour Constantine lay and put the people which prayed within and serued God deuoutly in great feare of their liues Macedonius had purposed to translate the Emperours bones lest the tombe with the falling of the temple should breake and deface y ● monument The people vnderstanding of this withstoode his enterprise affirming it a thinge vnlawfull to translate the Emperours bones that it was in maner nothing else but the digging of him vp againe out of his graue The people was deuided into two parts the one iudged the deade carkasse in no wise to be iniuried with remouing the other thought that wicked offence might lawfully be done They which maintained the faith of one substance with generall consent resisted the deede but Macedonius making no accompt of the gainsayers translated the carkasse into y ● church where Acacius the martyr had bene buried This was no soner done but the multitude of the contrary side ranne thither in all the hast they set them selues one against the other without any delay they went together by y ● eares so great a slaughter was committed that the body of the Church was aflote with streames of blood and yet not only there but also from the Church porch vnto the streete the way was all blood and deade carkasses crossing one an other When the Emperour vnderstoode of this woefull and lamentable case he was wonderfully incensed against Macedonius partly for that he murthered so many men and partly also that he durst presume without his consent to translate his fathers bones After that he had committed the gouernment of the westerne dominions vnto Iulian whome lately he had made Caesar he returned into the East but how Macedonius in a short while after was depriued of his bishoprick and receaued so small a punishment for so greate an offence I will declare in an other place CAP. XXXI Of the councell helde at Seleucia a city of Isauria NOwe I beginne to discourse of the other councell resembling the councell of Ariminum summoned also by the Emperours edict in the East Although it pleased him at the first that the Bishops shoulde meete at Nicomedia in Bithynia yet the greate earthquake which shooke the countrey and ouerthrewe Nicomedia was a let so that they coulde not assemble there This came to passe in the consulship of Tatianus and Cerealius the eyght and twentyeth of August They consulted for to remoue the councell into the citie of Nice which was not farre of but altering their sentence they appoynted to meete at Tarsus a citie of Cilicia neyther yet coulde they all agree vpon that and therefore they assemble at Seleucia a citie of Isauria called Roughe These things were done in one and the same yeare when Eusebius Hypatius were Consuls The number of Bishops which met there was a hundred and threescore There was also with them one Leônas a man of great autoritie fame in the Emperours court in whose hearing it was commaunded by the emperours edict they should reason of the faith Lauricius also captaine of the garrison in Isauria was commaunded to supply and minister vnto the Bishops whatsoeuer they wanted The bishops being met together the eight and twentieth of September disputed to fro their disputation was laid downe in writing by publick notaries for there were scriueners present of swift pēning great exercise ready for to note their obiections resolutions what other thing soeuer was vttered All which thinges are at large set forth in the booke of Sabinus intituled the collection of councells where the studious Reader may peruse them at his pleasure but I of my part will therfore runne ouer briefly the chiefe pointes therof The first day of their assembly Leônas commaunded that euery one should freely propose what pleased him best but they that were present affirmed it was not lawful to call any thing into question before they came whose presence was required in the councell For Macedonius Bishop of Constantinople Basilius bishop of Ancyra sundry others were looked for of the councell who mistrusting their cause suspecting they should be accused of hainous crimes absēted them selues of set purpose Macedonius pleaded sicknes for him selfe Patrophilus that he was sandblinde troubled with dropping bleare eyes and by reason of the aforesayd causes that of necessitie they were constrained to stay in the suburbes of Seleucia the rest alleadged other causes of their absence And when Leônas saide they might propose questions for all they were absent the Bishops answered that it was not meete any thinge should be reasoned of before they had first diligently examined the liues and conuersation of such as were accused for Cyrillus bishop of Ierusalem Eustathius bishop of Sebastia in Armenia and diuers others had hainous crimes laide to their charge Wherefore there was great contention betwene them that were present whilest y ● the one part would first examine their liues the other part reason and question of the faith The doubtfull and darke sentence of the Emperour was cause of that hurlyburly For the letters which he wrote vnto the councell commaunded one while one thinge an other while an other thinge first to be handled The varience that rose among them that were present so deuided them that it ministred occasion vnto the councell of Seleucia to parte them selues into two factions vnto the one side there cleaued Acacius Bishop of Caesarea in Palaestina Georgius Bishop of Alexandria Vrsacius Bishop of Tyrus Eudoxius bishop of Antioch together with thirty others of the other side there were Georgius Bishop of Laodicea in Syria Sophronius Bishop of Pompeiopolis in Paphlagoma Eleusius Bishop of Cyzicum together with many others When that that side preuayled which first woulde haue had them reason of the faith the Complices of Acacius motioned that the Nicene creede shoulde be abrogated and that a new forme of fayth was to be layde downe the contrary part being moe in number approued all other thinges of the councell of Nice the clause of one substance onely layde aside And when as they had thus brawled amonge them selues from morning to night at length Siluanus Bishop of Tarsus cryed out amonge them that it was not their parte to laye downe a newe forme of fayth but to retayne vnuiolably that which was decided at Antioch at the dedication of the Churche He had no sooner spoken but the confederats of Acacius rose vp and gott them away the other side bring forth the creede concluded vpon at Antioch they reade it and immediatly the councell was dissolued The day after meeting together at the

that sea● departed this life all was there on an vprore about the election of a bishop and great strife there was whilest that some woulde preferre this man some other that man vnto the bishopricke The tumult beinge raysed Ambrose Liuetenant of the citie who also was a Consull fearing greatly lest that schisme woulde breéde mischiefe in y ● citie came purposely into the church for to appease the sedition After that his presence had preuayled very much with the people after that he had geuen them many notable exhortations after he had mitigated the rage of the heady and rashe multitude all of a sodayne with one voyce and with one mouth nominated Ambrose to their byshop For in so doinge there was hope that all woulde be reconciled and that all woulde embrace one faith and opinion The bishops that were present thought veryly that the vniforme voyce of the people was the voyce of God him selfe Wherefore without any further deliberation they take Ambrose and baptize him for he was a Catechumenist and stall him bishop But when Ambrose came willingly to the baptisme yet denyed vtterly he would be bishop they make the Emperour Valentinianus priuie to their doings He wonderinge at the consent and agreement of the people supposed that which was done to be the worke of God him selfe and signified vnto the bishops that they shoulde obey the will of God who commaunded they shoulde create him bishop that God rather then men preferred him vnto this dignitie When that Ambrose was thus chosen bishop the citizens of Millayne who aforetime were at discord among them selues thenceforth embraced peace and vnitie CAP. XXVI Of the death of Valentinianus the Emperour AFter the aforesayde sturre was ended when the Sarmatians assaulted the Romaine dominions the Emperour raysed great power and made expedition against them The Barbarians vnderstanding of this and foreseeing their owne weakenes that they were not able to encounter with so great a power sent embassadours vnto the Emperour crauinge of him that he would ioyne with them in league establishe peace betwene them As soone as the embassadours had presented them selues before him and seeynge that they were but abiects and raskalls demaunded of them what be the rest of the Sarmatians such men as you are When the Embassadours had answered yea O Emperour thou seest the chiefest of the Sarmatians before thee Valentinianus was wonderfully incensed against them and brake out into vehement language that the Empire of Rome had yll lucke to fall into his handes vnder whose raygne so beggerly and so abiect a kinde of Barbarians coulde not quiete and content them selues with safetie within their owne boundes but they muste take armour rebell agaynste the Romaine Empire and so boldely proclayme open warre He strayned him selfe so muche in exclayminge agaynste them that he opened euery vayne in his bodie and brake the arteries asunder whereof there gushed out such a streame of bloode so that he dyed in the Castell commonly called Bergitium in the thirde Consulshippe of Gratianus together with Ecoetius the sixtienth of Nouember He lyued foure and fiftie yeares and raygned thirteene The sixt daye after the desease of Valentinianus the souldiers of Italie proclaymed Emperour Valentinianus the yonger so called after his fathers name who was of very tender yeares at Aconicum a citie in Italie The rest of the Emperours vnderstāding of this tooke the matter very grieuously not because Valentinianus who was y ● ones brother the others brothers sonne was chosen Emperour but because he was appointed without their consent vnto whome it belonged to create him Emperour But both gaue their cōsents that he shoulde be Emperour and thus was Valentinianus the yonger sett in the emperiall seate of his father We haue to learne that this Valentinianus was gott vpon Iustina whome his father maryed for all that Seuera his firste wyfe was alyue and that for this cause Iustus the father of Iustina who a good while agoe in the raigne of Constantius the Emperour was Liuetenant of Picenum sawe in his sleepe that his right side was deliuered of the emperiall purple robe When that he awoke he tolde his dreame to so many that at length it came to the Emperour Constantius eare He thereby was geuen to coniecture that there shoulde one be borne of Iustus which shoulde be Emperour and therefore he sent from him that shoulde dispatche Iustus out of the waye Wherefore Iustina nowe bereaued of her father contineweth a virgine In processe of time she became acquainted with Seuera the Empresse and had often conference with her When that there grewe greate familiaritie betweene them they vsed both one hath for to bayne them selues Seuera seeyng the beautie of this virgine as she bayned her selfe was wonderfully in loue with Iustina she tolde the Emperour also what a goodly mayde she was that the daughter of Iustus passed for beautie all the women in the worlde that she her selfe though she were a woman yet was wonderfully enamored with her sweete face The Emperour printinge in his harte the wordes which seemed onely to pearce but the eare deuised with him selfe howe he myght compasse this beautifull Iustina to his wyfe not diuorcinge Seuera ▪ vpon whome he had gotten Gratianus whome also he had made Emperour a little before Wherefore he made a lawe that as many as woulde myght lawfully haue two wyues the which he proclaymed throughout euery citie When the lawe was proclaymed he tooke Iustina to his seconde wyfe vpon whome he gotte Valentinianus the yonger and three daughters Iusta Grata Galla. Of the which two lead they re lyues in virginitie the thirde Galla by name was maryed to Theodosius Magnus on whome he gotte his daughter Placidia For he gotte Arcadius and Honorius of Placidia his former wyfe But of Theodosius and his children in an other place CAP. XXVII After that Themistius the Philosopher had made an Oration in the hearinge of Valens the Emperour relented from persecuting of the Christians and howe the Gothes in the tyme of Valens embraced the Christian faith VAlens makinge his abode at Antioche although he warred but litle with forayne nations the Barbarian nations kept them selues within their boundes yet pursued he continewally such as helde the faith of One substance and ceassed not dayly to inuent newe deuises and straung torments wherewith he myght plague them ▪ vntyll that his fierce and cruell minde was somewhat mitigated with the Oration which Themistius the Philosopher pronounced before him where he admonished the Emperoure not to maruayle though the Christians varyed amonge them selues in religion that if Christianitie were compared with infinite multitudes of opinions raygninge amonge heathen philosophers sure he was that there were aboue three hundreth opinions and greate dissention about rules and preceptes wherevnto euery sect necessarily addicted them selues it woulde seeme but a very small thing and that God woulde sette forth his glorie by the diuersitie and discorde in opinions to

the people about the latter ende she rehearsed this verse My birth I boast of you beganne your blood in me doth bragge Where she signified that the inhabitants of that citie came from Greece but if any man be destrous to know more erquisitly the trueth of these thinges let him repaire vnto Strabo the Geographer Plegon Diodorus Siculus Arrianus Pisander the Poet Vlpianus Libanius and lulian the renowmed Rhetoricians where they are discoursed of at large Afterwardes when she came to Antioch the people of that citie erected her picture of brasse very artificially handled in honor of her which is as yet to be seene It was through her procurement that Theodosius became a benefactor of Antioch that he enlarged their citie and lengthened their wall vnto the gate whiche bringeth to Daphnis in the suburbes as it is of euerie man to be seene for the fundations of the olde walles are at this day to be seene whereupon the newe buyldinge was laide and leade vs as it were by the hand vnto the gate There be some which write that the walles were enlarged by the elder Theodosius and that he gaue two hundred pounde to repayre the bath of Valens whiche was burned of the one side CAP. XXI Howe Eudocia did many worthie actes at Ierusalem and of the diuers trade in lyfe and dyet of the religious men in Palaestina EVdocia went twise from Constantinople to Ierusalem and though I purpose to leaue for suche as haue written her life who in mine opinion haue not reported the trueth wherefore vpon what occasion and to what ende she did it yet it is knowen well inough that during her abode in that holy citie of Christ she wrought many worthie actes to the settinge forth of the glory of God for she founded religious houses and made the streete commonly called the great causey in whiche religious houses though the manner of liuinge be diuerse yet their trade and discipline tendes to one ende and the same very godly for some of them liue in a societie enioyinge not one iote of the thinges whiche commonly allure and weye downe the mindes of mortall men after worldly affayres as much to say they haue no golde but what haue I saide golde nay they haue not a ragge of their owne to couer the bare neyther foode to satisfie nature for the cloke or coate which the one nowe weareth an other in a while after putts on the same so that the garments of all seemed to be one mans and ones clothing in common to all moreouer they all had but one table not furnished with daynties or other kinde of foode what soeuer but onely with hearbs roots and pulse and so muche onely as sufficed nature and preserued life furthermore in prayers onely which they poured ioyntly vnto God they spent day and night they so wasted their bodyes and mortified them selues that they seemed as deade men lyinge vnburied vpon the face of the earth some of them doe more then their decrees and statutes enioyne them for they fast the space of two dayes yea and three dayes also there are of them which abstaine fiue dayes and ouer and scarse then doe they take as muche foode as sufficeth nature Other some followe an other trade and order of liuing farre otherwise then the former men for they shutte vp them selues seuerally in litle cabanes which are of such heighth and breadth that they can not stand bolt vpright neyther bowe themselues downewardes at their pleasure Of which number some as the Apostle saith liue all the dayes of their liues in caues and dennes together with bruite beastes and praye vnto God in certaine secret and vnknowen buries of the earth but some of them hane founde out an other kinde of life which exceedeth all patient sufferance for men and women hyde them selues in the drye desert which scaldeth with scorchinge heate coueringe onely suche members as of necessitie are constrained to serue nature the other parts of the bodye they yeelde all bare both vnto the parchinge heat of sommer and pinching colde of winter contemning either of them alike These men moreouer layinge aside such nourishement as other men vsed fedd vpon greene grasse and were called foragers or pasturers and liue onely vpon that so that in processe of time they became like beasts and differed from men both in bodely shape and behauiour of minde If peraduenture they see men immediatly they runne away and if any pursue after them eyther their feete with swiftnesse caries them away or they poppe them selues into suche hollowe places of the earth where others can not come vnto them An other thing yet I will rehearse which for all it seemeth to passe all the rest I had almost forgotten Although there be not many in number of this sort yet some there are who being voyde through vertuous disposition and free from all perturbations of the minde come abrode into mens companies mingle them selues with the thronging multitudes and faine they are madde and so they treade vayne glorie vnder foote which the soule according vnto the saying of wise Plato vseth to shake of as the last couer of shame and reproche They take so litle delight in feeding of them selues and therein vse suche Austere discipline that if necessitie constraine them to host at a tippling house or in the stewes they neither reiect the place neither couer their faces neither thereat blushe at all moreouer they bayne them selues very oft and most commonly they are conuersant with women and bath together and so they seeme voyde of all carnall affections as if they had brought nature captiue vnto them in so much they can not be led neyther with the wanton lookes neyther with the toying and daliance neither with the amorous clipping and embracing of a woman to the naturall motion of venerie but with men they are as men and with women they liue like women and for all they refuse not the company of both sex yet know they onely the vse of one To be short in this most holy and diuine kinde of life vertue hath prescribed lawes for nature and made peculiar decrees for her selfe to witt that not one of them all haue their full of necessaries for by their lawe they must hungre and thirst thereafter to attyre them selues as necessitie constraineth their trade is so measured with such singuler commendation and their diet so moderate that if they fall into the contrary part and farre different from the other they feele in them selues no chaunge at all contrarieties are so tempered in them the grace of God maketh such a commixtion of repugnancie and againe dissolueth the same that life and death two thinges in nature and effect farre set one against the other seeme to ioyne hands together dwell in them and looke wherein perturbations doe raigue in others in them they are pluckt vp by the rootes and lye for dead and where continual prayer is to be made there they seeme