the Iesuites which with great labour industry and diligence doe there professe the Arts. The manners of the inhabitantes are for the most parte sower and seuere their complexion inclining to Melancholy whereof Ausonius writeth among many other thinges in commendation of the Treuiri in this manner Quin etiam moreâ— laetum fronte seuera Ingenium natura suis concessit alumnis The ayre hereabout is commonly cloudy and often subiect to rayne wherefore the city in derision is vsually called Cloaca Planetarum Heidelberge HEidelberge is the metropolis of the Phaltes or Palatinacy of Rheine wherein the Phalsgraues or Countes Palatines continually holde their courtes and residence Some are of opinion that this cittie receiued his name from the colony of the Gentiles which in the German tongue are called Heyden Others there are which affirme that it should be written EÃ elberge that is to say a noble hill from the situation thereof which is on the side of a pleasant mountain from whence the Neccar springing descendeth into the playn and champion countries the land therabout is exceeding fruitfull and bringeth forth great store and plenty of wine oyle corne chestnuts and such like fruites This city together with the whole country adioyning is gouerned by the Rheingraues or Countes Palatines of Rheine who by succession doe hold the first chiefest place among the secular Electors of the Empire The first of the Palatines that aspired to that dignity was Sifridus who liued in the raigne of Otho the third this Emperour being well striken in yeares and hauing no issue to inherite the Emperiall Diademe after his decease desiring before his death to establish the Empire which he foresaw wold after his departure by the ambition of many competitors be much molested and endamaged by Ambassadors made earnest suite vnto the Pope that certaine princes might be ordayned constituted which should haue full power and absolute authority to elect the Roman Emperour vnto which his so lawfull and reasonable request the Pope condescending there were nominated 7. princes 3. spirituall that is to say the Archbishops of Ments Colen Trier and 4. temporall the king of Bohemia the Phaltsgraue of Rheine the Marquesse of Brandeburge the Duke of â—axony Sifridus therefore the Palatine being chosen amongst the rest liued not long after but deceased before he could make any benefite of his new authority In his place succeeded Henry his son by whose meanes Henry after called the holy the husband of his sister S. Kunegundis was chosen Emperour in the yeare of our Lord 1003. Rupertus the 10. Palatine of Rheine after the separation of the Dukedome of Bauaria from the Palatinacie receyuing the administration of the gouernment from his brother Adolphus a man of too small iudgement and weake vnderstanding to direct the helme of so great a charge erected in this citie an Vniuersity which in succession of time grew to be reckoned among the most worthy and famous Nurseries of the arts At the same time also that is to say in the year 1346. was by the same Earle founded a Church and Colledge of priestes in the newe towne wherein he lyeth buried The Abbot of Spanheyme discoursing of ecclesiasticall writers maketh mention of one Marsilius de Ingen whome some imagine to haue beene an Englishman as the first planter of this Academy Pope Vrban the sixt confirmed the same with the priueledges prerogatiues of Parise Many learned men hath this Academy fostered in our age sent into the world as Iohannes Dalburgius Rudolphus Agricola Iohannes Virdungus with many others which left behinde them sondrie monumentes of their greate wisedome and learning Also in this Vniuersity did that iudustrious and excellently learned scholler Sebastian Munster publikely professe the Hebrew tongue Tubinge TVbinge is a small citty in the Dukedome of Wirtenberge situated on the higher side of the Necchar and was in times past the principall seate and habitation of the Countes Palatines of Tubinge which now for the most parte reside in Leichtenecke a strong and goodly castell in Brisgewe not farre from Kentzigen In the yeare 1477. at the instance and most earnest entreaty of Eberhard the elder Earle of Wirtenberge and Mompelgard and his mother Mechâ—ildis the Pope licensed and authorized in this citty a generall profession of the liberall arts which Academy yet maintayneth well his place and dignity among the most learned and florishing Vniuersities of Germany Many excellent learned schollers haue issued from this Vniuersitie among the which most worthily may bee numbred Iohn Stoflerus a sage and profound Mathematician who did write a learned Treatise of Astronomy This cittie as I saide bordereth on the Necchar and lyeth in the middest of a most pleasant and fertile soyle which yeeldeth vnto the inhabitants wine corn and other necessarie prouisions in great plenty and aboundance The towne being before the erection of the Vniuersity therein in great want and pouerty and the houses meanely builded without eyther cost or curiousnes is now growne to that wealth and opulencie that for artificiall and well proportioned aedifices it may and not vnworthily be compared to the proudest cittie of the Germans It contayneth a magnificent most sumptuous Castell standing on the toppe of a mountayne strongly sortified beyond all credite and comparison Ingolestate INgolestate is a strong citty in the Dukedome of Bauaria lying neare vnto the Danon the greatest swiftest and most famous riuer of Christendome which passing with a violent current through Germany Hungary and Moldauia finally disgorgeth it selfe into the Euxine sea This cittie earst belonged to the Monastery of Altach and was by free gift deliuered vnto Lewes the last king of Bauaria since whose time it hath alwaies beene gouerned by his successors the Dukes of Bauaria and by little and little hath beene by them so mightily encreased that within those fifty yeares last passed what with the magnificence of the Dukes and priuiledges of the Popes it is become the most excellent and renowned Vniuersity of the vpper partes of Germany The Vniuersity was first instituted by Lewes the D. in the yeare of saluation 1471. and is at this day fauoured defended and mightily enriched by Aâ—bertus the moderne Duke thereof who hath builte therein not onely a peculiar colledge for the publique profession of Diuinity but also a fayre and goodly schoole for the education of youth wherein the Iesuites professe Rhetorique Philosophy and the Liberall Artes. Pope Pius the second adorned the same with many priuiledges and prerogatiues Straâ—o writeth that Bauaria is a region sterill desert and vnfruitfull which perchance in his time was so for want of being well inhabited assuredly at this day it is one of the most happie and plentifullest prouinces of Germany whence it commeth to passe that the studentes of Ingolestate are better accommodated and do liue with lesse expence then they well coulde in any other place of Christendome that
vniuersities of our Christian world I should cut off two of the most noble and principall limmes or members of the same I haue at last altering my first resolution annexed them to the end thereof in such manner as neither of these vniuersities shall finde cause of discontentment and the curious reader depart as I hope well satisfied Concerning the antiquities priuiledges and erection of colledges in the one and the other I write nothing of mine owne inuention what I haue found in M. Camdens Chorographicall description of England concerning Oxforde and other Chronicles that haue I gathered and set downe to Cambridge some thinges haue I added not of my self but extracted out of certaine papers printed in Paules Churchyearde in the yeare of our Lorde one thousand fiue hundred seauenty two and written by a learned Maister of that Vniuersity Accept therefore curteous Reader in good part what here thou findest offered to thy view and discourage me not with thy frowne in my first attempt the faultes that are herein escaped if they proceede from the authors vnskilfulnes forgiue them considering that he is one that hath more vsually beene acquainted with the warlike sounde of martiall drums then with the schooles and Lectures of Philosophy if committed by the Printer amend them gentlie with thy penne so shall I euer rest Thine to vse Samuell Lewhenor The names of those Authors whose authorities are alleadged in his worke AEneas Silâ—ius Amnionus Marcellinâ—s Annales Coloniae Angelus Aretinus Angelus Politianus Andraeas Alciatus Architremius Arnoldus Ferronus in historia Galliae Aulus Gellius Ausonius Baldus iurisconsultus Blondus Caesaris commentaria Cicero Cornelius Tacitus Erasmus Roterodamus Hubert Thomas Iacobus Paiua Andradius in lib orthodoxaruÌ„ explicationuÌ„ Iohannes Bohemus de moribus gentium Iohannes Calamaeus Iahannes Goropius Leander Machiauell in historia Florentina Marlianus Martialis Poeta Martinus Cromerus in historiâ— Paloniae Mâ—â—â—ndorpius de Academijs Munsterus Nauclerus Ortelius Osorius Paulus Iouius Paulus Manutius Perotus Petrus Anchoranus Philippus de Commines Platina Plinins Polidorus Virgilius Possidonius Ptolomaeus Rhodoginus Raphael Volateranus Sabellicus Saluianus Episcopus Massiliae Sarabellus Seneta Suetonius Strabo Solinus Polyhistor A Table containing the names both Latine and English of such Cities as are described in this booke Colonia Agrippina Colen Moguntia Ments Herbipolis Wirtsburge Treueris Tryer. Tubinga Tubinge Ingolestadium Ingolestate Erfordia Erford Lypsia Leipsige Wittenberga Wittenberge Francofordia ad Oderam Frankforde vpon Oder Rostochium Rostoch Gripswaldum Gripswalde Friburgum Friburge Martpurgum Martpurge Dilinga Dilinge Vienna Austriae Vienna Louanium Louaine Duacum Douay Leodium Leige Lugdunum Batauorum Leiden Hafnia Copenhagen Roma Rome Venetia Venice Patauium Padua Bononia  Ferrara  Mediolanum Millan Papia Pauia Taurinum Turin Florentia Florence Pisa.  Sienna  Mutinum Modena Parisii alià s  Lutetiae Paris Pictauia Poictiers Lugdunum Lions Andegauum Angiers Auignion  Aurelia Orleance Biturigum Bourges Cadonium Caen.  Rhemes Burdegalis Burdeux Tolosa Tholouse Nemansus Nimes Mons pessulanus Mompeliers Visontium Bisanson Dola Dole Cracouia Cracow Posnania Posne Vilna The wilde Mons regius Koningsperg Praga Prage Olmutium Olmuts Toletum Toledo Hispalis Siuille Valentia  Granatum Granada Compostella S. Iago Vallis Oletana alias Pintia Valladolit Complutum Complute called of the Spaniards Alcala de Henares Salmantica Salamanca Lerida Ilerda Osca Huesca Vlissipona Lisbone Combra  Maiorica  Oxonium Oxforde Cantabrigia Cambridge Aberdonium Aberdone S. Andraeae S. Andrews THE VNIVERSITIES of Germanie Colen IT was in times passed an order vsed by most worthy excellent princes and best gouerned commonweales when they had conquered any forraine region to send into that place dwellers and inhabitants which people were then called Colonies Whereby occasion was giuen for new townes to be builded their countries conquered to be more assured to the conquerors thereof The Romaines a people excelling in all kinds of policie and discipline obseruing this order when they had placed their victorious ensignes in Germanie that they might with greater securitie defend and keepe the same which with great trauaile they had atchieued placed one of these Colonies on the banke of the riuer Rhenus neere to the ruines of an auncient Citie called Vbiopolis erected by the Vbij a nation inhabiting those territories long before our Sauiours natiuitie Whence it came to passe that the antique name of that Citie being quite forgotten and extinguished it was by reason of the Colonie therein remaining euer after called Colonia In processe of time about the yeare from the first creation of the world 4028. Agrippa the sonne in law of Augustus being by the Romains sent to gouerne those countries augmented reedified and fortified the same adding to the former name thereof Agrippina The inhabitants of this Citie were first conuerted vnto Christian religion by S. Materne the disciple of S. Peter After whose time although Theology was in Colen continually professed as writeth Wolphelme Abbot of Bruuiller yet was it taught rather in cloysters monasteries then in any publike schoole or place authorized for the same The Vniuersitie was instituted by Pope Vrbane the sixt at the instance of the senate and people of Colen in the yeare of our Sauiours incarnation 1388. This Bishop for the great loue and singular affection hee did beare to this flourishing commonwealth ancient Colonie of the Romains did not onely giue them full power and authoritie to conferre all degrees of scholasticall honour to the studentes therein but also confirmed vnto them by a publique charter the priuiledges of Paris This Academie consisteth now of foure parts of faculties that is to say Diuinitie Law Phisicke Philosophie Vnder Philosophie are contained the Mathematikes Poettie and profession of Languages Out of each of these faculties quarterly is chosen a Rector of the Vniuersitie On the euen of our Ladies annunciation as the Friers Carmelites on Saint Peter and Paules euen at the Praedicants on the vigile of S. Dionise at the Minorites on the vigile of S. Thomas the Apostle at the Augustine Fryers The office of this Rector is to assemble together the whole congregation of students to propound such thinges as are amongst them in the conuocation to be considered of by the common councell consent of all the graduates to establish and ratifie decrees to execute law and iustice to maintaine their priuiledges and his Rectorship expired by some publike testimonie of his learning to adorne the Vniuersity Beside many excellent places of exercise for Diuinitie Law Phisicke there are three publike schools wherein Humanitie and Philosophie with the other liberal sciences are of learned men learnedly professed and deliuered The first founder thereof Gerardus de monte is called Montanum The second from Laurence of Groning the first regent Laurentianum The fellowes and schollers of this Colledge follow the doctrine of Albertus Magnus and are named by the other students Albertists like
I haue seene or reade of from whence also it proceedeth that the dyet or great assembly of the German princes is most vsually held in Regensburge another cittie of Bauaria one dayes iorney distant from Ingolestate wherein I my selfe liued eight weekes in the yeare of our Lorde 1594. when the Emperour with all his traine and the most parte of the greatest princes of Germany remayned in the towne many of them with three thousand and foure thousand horse apeece yet was there neuer found any want or scarsitie of victuals therein nor the price of corne or any other prouision in the market any one iot enhaunced wine onely excepted of which the country yeeldeth no great aboundance but that want is by the Rheine and Mecchar supplyed for the possession of this city was that calamitous and bloudy warre raysed remembred yet by the name of bellum Bauaricum which so much troubled all the prouinces of Germany in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and foure Erforde ERforde called of ancient writers Erphelfurt is the metropolis of Thuring an old and memorable citty abounding with wine corne and other necessaries In the middest of this cittie ariseth a little mountain called S. Peters hill wherein in times passed stood a goodly castell in the place whereof Dagobertus king of France founded a cloyster for Fryers of the order of S. Benedict which was consecrated to S. Peter after him Boniface Archbishop of Ments layed the foundation of our Ladies Church on the same hil and erected there a Bishopricke euen in the infancie of the Gospell among the Germans as plainly appeareth in an Epistle of his which he wrote to Zachary high Bishop of Rome Scias sayeth hee per gratiam Dei Germaniae populum adviam veritatis reductum ordinauimusque apud eos tres episcopos vnum locauimus in Castellum Wirtzburge alterum in Buraburge tertium in Euphesfurt In this church is a bell of most huge and incredible circumference which the Citizens shewe to all straungers repayring thether as the thinges most remarkable in their Cittie about the yeare 1066. was this Cittie first enuyroned with a Wall and fortified with Towers and beautified with manie rich and sumptuous aedifices both diuine and prophane at which time it was made the metropolis of Thuringe because it lyeth in the middest thereof An Vniuersity was therein instituted in the yeare 1391. which with many priuiledges confirmed authorized by Pope Boniface the 9. Pius the 2. In this Academy haue liued many sage men much renowned for their singular learning among the which are numbred Nicholaus de Bibera Henricus de Erfordia Conradus de monte puellarum and many others When the German professors oppressed by the multitude of Hussites departed from Prage many of them retyred themselues to Erforde There is no citty in Europe hath so often made experience of the calamities and irreparable damages which fire vsually bringeth with it as Erforde hauing many times therewithall beene vtterly wasted and consumed The last fire therein happened in the year 1392. on the festiuall day of S. Geruasius whereby the third part of the cittie perished which incredible losse it is not yet recouered of for at my being there some 5â— yeares since it was scarsely with low and slender buildinges of wood reedified Out of this Vniuersity issued Martin Luther Leiptzige Liptzige is a citty as some say in Ostland others would haue it to lye in Misina both territories now gouerned by the noble and puislant Family of Saxony thogh of no great circuite yet for pride and statelines of building and excessiue traffique of Merchants scarce inferior to the best adorned citty of Germany three times euery year are therein held certaine famous Martes or Fayres whereof one writeth saying Mercibus augetur ter Lipsia magna quotannis The houses of this citty are re ared al of free stone within richly paued and without curiously paynted with great artifice and maiestie the streetes are builded in excellent proportion and vniformitie The Senate hereof consisteth not as in other cities of mechanicall and vnlearned citizens but of men skilfull and well seene in the artes who haue full power and authority to heare decide and determine of all lites causes and controuersies depending in Meissen Thuringe and the nether Sazonie About the yeare 1480. when the Hussites began to domineere tirannize in Prage then was the vniuersitie from thence remoued hither and the yeare following confirmed by Pope Pius the 2. and Alexander the 5. It was afterward much augmented and repaired by the worthy Prince George Duke of Sazonie in the yeare 1554. This Vniuersitie at this day most exceedingly flourisheth through the innumerable multitudes of Germaine students which dayly repaire thither because they liue therein with lesse charge and expence then in any other citie by reason of the admirable fertilitie of the soyle whereof one saith Gratus immenso lucro concredita terrae Semina reddit ager The inhabitants of this Citie haue one innated vncorrigible vice which custome hath drawen into a nature amongst them that is they almost continually wallow in immoderate drunkennesse in so much that he which can euacuate the greatest number of pottes and can in receiuing his drinke hold out longest without any swimming or perturbation in his braine is accounted a personage among them of greatest qualitie and worth Enaeas Siluius writeth that when one Leonardus a noble gentleman came to visite a certaine kinsman of his that was then a student in Leipzig enquiring among students how hee had profited in learning he was answered by one of the yong mans companions that he had profited himselfe exceedingly for quoth he among 1500. good swallowers that are in this Vniuersitie he hath deserued the name and title of the best and most noble drinker Not farre distant from this place is Dresden where the Dukes of Saxonie electors of the Empire do most commonly reside Wittenberge WIttenberge is a conspicuous well knowne Citie in the vpper Saxonie the seate and court of the Dukes Electors situated on the banke of the Elbe a riuer which springing among the mountaines of Bohemia passeth through Germany receiuing into it selfe or as it were drinking vp by the way many other riuers as the Muldaue the Sall the Spre c. and at last being growne to an immeasurable greatnesse and nauigable for ships of the greatest burthen disgorgeth it selfe into the Germaine Ocean not farre from Stoad where late was a Staple of English Marchants This city receiued his name as some imagine from Wittikind Duke of Angria Saxonie which was baptized in the yeare 785. being compelled thereunto by Charles the great who first caused the Saxons to embrace the Christian religion Duke Fredericke the son of Ernestus Elector erected in this citie an Vniuersity about the yeare 1502. which since in this latter age is growen famous by reason of the controuersies and
as haue attained to any perfection in the Artes. Bononia ALthough all the learned writers of antique histories do with one consenting opinion agree that the Vniuersitie of Bononia is of long continuance and was first founded when Theodosius swayed the scepter of the Romaine Empire yet in what yeare of our Sauiours natiuitie or the said Emperours raigne it should bee instituted they are of discrepant and sundry opinions The originall of this controuersie seemeth to proceede from hence because there haue beene two Theodosii possessed of the imperiall Diadem For from the selfe same cause haue many profound and iudiciall antiquaries fallen into more pernicious and daungerous errours Baldus the learned pillar of the law affirmeth that this Academie was in most flourishing estate 1000. yeares before his time Others write that it was first priuiledged by Theodosius the yonger which as in those Chronicles which containe the greatest likelihood of verity we may reade was elected Emperor about the yeare of our Lord 420. and raigned 27. yeares For testimony whereof they alleadge this publike Charter of his Whereas the manners of men health and warre such like are all gouerned and preserued by the best disciplines least all good artes and principles of learning should decay we Theodosius by the grace of God Emperour of the Romaines euer Augustus moued with the commodiousnesse and fertilitie of the place hauing 25. Monthes taken sounde and deliberate aduise thereon sitting in our seate of Maiestie a generall Councell of Christians being assembled in the presence of Coelestine high Bishoppe of Rome twelue Cardinalles Archbishoppes and Bishops innumerable and sundrie other Dukes and Princes of diuers degrees and callinges Baldwin Earle of Flaunders and Gualter Earle of Poictiers Embassadors the one representing the person of the King of Fraunce the other of the King of England sitting the whole Colledge of an hundred Senators doe by this inuiolable Acte ordaine and decree that Bononia shall for euer hereafter be a place of exercise for all learned sciences and a perpetuall seate and habitation for the Muses Moreouer wee will that all determinate and finitiue sentences pronounced by such Iudges as haue not beene students in this vniuersitie the space of at least fiue yeares shall be voide and of none effect Also if any shall proceed Maister of Artes and receiue the booke of any other then the Archdeacon of Bononia although the most learned Artistes shall doe and approue the same yet by our royall authoritie wee depriue him of all degree and dignitie If any man bee so bold or hardie iniuriously to offend any student going or comming from this Vniuersitie he shall be punished with death which if the President shall neglect to execute our will is that hee incurre the same penaltie This Copie of our sacred ordinance constitution signed with our imperiall seale and written with the hand of Cicero our Notarie we grant deliuer to the perpetual memorie thereof to Petronius Bishop of Bononia descended from the Constantinopolitane Emperors at his earnest entreatie and request to bee kept and executed to the vttermost of his power Giuen at Rome in the Capitoll in the yeare of our Lord 423. the 11. day of May. How great authoritie this Academie enioyed in former ages we may imagine when Pope Gregorie the ninth Pope Boniface the 8. Pope Iohn the 23. writing sundrie learned treaties did dedicate them all to this vniuersitie Petrus Anchoranus calleth Bononia the mother of sciences Pope Clement the 5. in a Councell held at Vienna decreed that beside the studies of all the liberall Arts the Hebrew Arabicke and Chaldean languages should be there publikely deliuered We reade that the Emperour Fredericke the 2. did much damnifie this vniuersitie because it tooke parte against him with the sea Apostolique when he held his warres in Italie The students of this place at what time Pope Martin too seuerely persecuted the Bononians departed from the vniuersity some to one place and some vnto another so that in short time it became a solitarie desarte vntill afterwarde it was by the Popes Eugenius the 4. Nicholaus the 5. and Leo the 11. againe restored Bessarion Patriach of Constantinople when this Academie was by negligence and Ciuill contentions almost vtterly ouerthrowne by sundry meanes endeuoured to repaire the same both by encreasing the yearely pensions and stipendes allowed for the publique Readers and professors and also by building costly and sumptuous edifices for the maintenance reliefe of such schollers as for meere pouertie were constrained to giue ouer their vndertaken course of studies Hierome Osorius that famous Portugall and onely Cicero of this our latter age writeth in his first booke de Gloria that the more to enrich himselfe with learning he was especially moued to seeke out this cittie because in all Italie there was no place for the glory and renowne of letters comparable to Bononia For there saith he doe flourish men in the Greeke and Latine tongues exquisitely learned many there are which excell in all kind of Philosophie many famous for eloquence and Oratorie and many which haue in all the liberall sciences with great admiration long beene conuerâ—ant What shall I speake of the studies of the Canon and Ciuill lawes When such as in Bononia haue professed them haue obtained the supreme principalitie ouer all other that euer haue beene students in that learned facultie c. The excellencie of this Vniuersitie may easily bee gathered out of the learned treaties commentaries written by sundry famous Clearkes whereof some were in this place schollers some professors of learned sciences Iohannes Andreae which of ciuill Lawyers is commonly called the decyder and expounder of doubtfull questions professed in this Academy the law with great fame and estimation and there at length dyed of the pestilence Azo that mirror and bright shining lampe of learning was here also a publique professor of the ciuill law Pope Innocent not disdayning to be his Auditor at what time he wrote that worke of our age so much admired called Summaiuris Herein also taught Bartholus who being but one and twentie yeares of age proceeded Doctor of the ciuill law Accursius that famous and renowned Clearke being forty yeares of age beganne first in this Vniuersity to apply his minde to studie wherein hee so much profited that his name was knowne throughout all the Italian Academies and whereas before there had been alwaies two sects and heresies among the Lawyers they were by him reconciled and brought into one vniforme opinion Socinus likewise was in this place for his great learning so highly esteemed that hee was called the Monarch of the Law and his Schollers often would complayne of nature saying she was too auaritious to hide a witte so excellent and admirable in a body so small deformed and vnfashionable To recite all those renowned wittes that haue in this famous nursery receyued their education and institution were a labour