his Subdean is Doctor Jones whose Fee is 100 l. yearly The Fee of each Priest and Clerk of the Chappel is 70 l. yearly The Clerk of the Closet is Doctor Blandford Bishop of Oxford hath no Fee The Lord High Almoner is Doctor Henchman Bishop of London hath no Fee his Sub-Almoner is Doctor Perinchef whose Fee is 6 l. 6 s. 10 d. Of the Civil Government of His Majesties Houshold FOr the Civil Government of the Kings Court the Chief Officer is the Lord Steward quasi Stede ward Locum tenens called also in the time of Henry 8. the Great Master of the Kings Houshold after the French Mode but Primo Mariae and ever since called the Lord Steward of the Kings Houshold He hath Authority over all Officers and Servants of the Kings House except those of His Majesties Chappel Chamber and Stable c. He judgeth of all disorders committed in the Court or within the Verge which is every way within 12 miles of the chief Tunnel of the Court only London by Charter is exempted for the Law having an high esteem of the dignity of the Kings settled Mansion House laid out such a Plot of ground about his House as a half-pace or Foot-Carpet spread about the Kings Chair of Estate that ought to be more cleared and void than other places to be subject to a special exempted jurisdiction depending on the Kings Person and Great Officers that so where the King comes there should come with him Peace and Order and an Awfulness and Reverence in mens hearts besides it would have been a kind of eclipsing of the Kings Honour that where the King was any Justice should be sought but immediately from the Kings own Officers and therefore from very antient times the Jurisdiction of the Verge hath been executed by the Lord Steward with great Ceremony in the nature of a peculiar Kings Bench and that not only within but without the Kings Dominions for so it is recorded that one Engleam of Nogent in France for stealing Silver dishes out of the House of Edward 1. King of England then at Paris after the matter had been debated in the Council of the King of France touching the Jurisdiction and ordered that the King of England should enjoy this Kingly Prerogative of his Houshold was condemned by Sir Robert Fitz-John then Steward to the King of England and hanged in St. Germans Fields The Lord Steward is a White Staffe Officer for he in the Kings Presence carrieth a White Staffe and at other times going abroad it is carried by a Foot-man bare-headed At the death of the King over the Hearse made for the Kings Body he breaketh this Staffe and thereby dischargeth all the Officers whom the succeeding King out of his meer grace doth re-establish each one in his former Office This eminent Emploiment is now enjoyed by James Duke of Ormond Lord Lieftenant of Ireland whose Fee is 100 l. yearly and 16 Dishes daily each Meal with Wine Beer c. The next Officer is the Lord Chamberlain who hath the over-sight of all Officers belonging to the Kings Chamber except the Precincts of the Kings Bed-Chamber which is wholy under the Groom of the Stool and all above Stairs who are all sworn by him or his Warrant to the Gentlemen Ushers to the King He hath also the over-sight of the Officers of the Wardrobes at all his Majesties Houses and of the removing Wardr or of Beds of the Tents Revels Musick Comedians Hunting and of the Messengers of the Trumpetters Drummers of all Handy-Crafts and Artisans retained in the Kings Service Moreover he hath the over-sight of the Heraulds and Pursivants and Sergeants at Arms of all Physitians Apothecaries Surgeons Barbers c. To him also belongeth the over-sight of the Chaplains though himself be a Lay-man contrary in this particular to the Antient Custom of England and Modern Custom of all other Kingdoms where Ecclesiastiques are never under the ordering of Lay-men The Fee of the Lord Chamberlain of the Kings House is 100 l. yearly and 16 Dishes each Meal with all the Appurtenances This Office is now in the hands of Edward Montague Lord Montague and Earl of Manchester Most of the above-named Offices and Places are in the Gift and Disposal of the Lord Chamberlain The Third Great Officer of the Kings Court is the Master of the Horse antiently called Comes Stabuli or Constable to whom a higheâ— Employment and Power was then given and this taken from him This great Officer hath now the ordering and disposal of all the Kings Stables and Races of Horses and had heretofore of all the Posts of England He hath also the power over Escuiries and Pages over the Footmen Grooms Riders of the Great Horses Farriers Smiths Coach-men Sadlers and all other Trades working to the Kings Stables to all whom he or by his Warrant the Avener giveth an Oath to be true and faithful He hath the Charge of all Lands and Revenues appointed for the Kings breed of Horses and for Charges of the Stable and for Litters Coaches Sumpter Horses c. Also for the Charges of Coronations Marriages Entries Cavalcades Funerals c. He only hath the Priviledge to make use of any Horses Pages Foot-men belonging to the Kings Stable At any Solemn Cavalcade he rides next behind the King and leads a Lear Horse of State This great honour is now enjoyed by George Monk Duke of Albemarle in consideration of his unparalleld Services to the King to his Crown and Dignity at a juncture of time when his Affairs and Friends were in a very desperate condition His yearly Fee is 666 l. 16 s. 4 d. Under these Three Principal Officers of His Majesties Houshold are almost all the other Officers and Servants First under the Lord Steward in the Compting-House is the Treasurer of the Houshold Comptroller Cofferer Master of the Houshold Two Clerks of the Green-Cloth Two Clerks Comptrollers One Sergeant Two Yeomen The Cofferers Clerk The Groom Two Messengers It is called the Compting-House because the Accompts for all Expences of the Kings Houshold are there taken daily by the Lord Steward the Treasurer the Comptroller the Cofferer the Master of the Houshold the two Clerks of the Green Cloth and the two Clerks Comptrollers who also there make Provisions for the Houshold according to the Law of the Land and make Payments and Orders for the well governing of the Servants of the Houshold In the Compting-House is the Green-Cloth which is a Court of Justice continually sitting in the Kings House composed of the Persons last mentioned whereof the three first are usually of the Kings Privy Council To this Court being the first and most ancient Court of England is committed the charge and oversight of the Kings Court Royal for matters of Justice and Government with Authority for maintaining the Peace within 12 miles distance wheresoever the Court shall be and within the Kings House the power of correcting all the Servants therein that
Vindicta est mihi for all punishments do proceed from him in some of his Courts of Justice and it is not lawful for any Subâ—ect to revenge himself So he onely can be Judge in his own Cause though he deâ—â—ver his Judgement by the Mouth of his Judges And yet there are some â—hings that the King of England cannot do Rex Angliae â—ihil injuste potest and the King cannot devest himself or his Successors of any part of his Regal Power Prerogative and Authority inherent and annext to the Crown not that there â—s any defect in the Kings Power as there is none in Gods Power though he cannot lie nor do any thing that implies Contradiction not but that the King of England hath as absolute a power over all his Subâ—ects as any Christian Prince rightfully and lawfully hath oâ— ever had not but that he still hath a kind of Omnipotency noâ— to be disputed but adored by his Subjects Nemo quidem 〈◊〉 factis ejus praesumat disputarâ— saith Bracton multo minuâ— contra factum ejus ire nam dâ—â— Chartis Fact is ejus non debenâ— neâ— possunt Justiciarii multâ— minus privatae personae disputare Not but that the King may do what he please without either opposition or resistance and without being questioned by his Subjects for the King cannot be impleaded for any Crime no Action lieth against his Person because the Writ goeth forth in his own Name and he cannot arrest himself If the King should seize his Subjects Lands which God forbid or should take away his Goods having no Title by Law so to do there is no remedy Onely this Locus erit saith the same Bracton supplicationi quod factum suum corrigat emendet quod quidem si non fecerit sufficit ei â—d paenam quod Dominum Dèum expectet Vltorem There may be Petitions and Supplications made that His Majesty will be pleased to rule according to Law which if he shall refuse to do it is sufficient that he must expect that the King of Kings will be the Avenger of Oppressed Loyal Subjects But there are also divers things which the King cannot do Salvo jure Salvo Juramento Salvâ Conscientia sua Because by Oath at his Coronation and indeed without any Oath by the Law of Nature Nations and of Christianity he holds himself bound as do all other Christian Kings to protect and defend his people to do justice and to shew mercy to preserve Peace and Quietness amongst them to allow them their just Rights and Liberties to consent to the Repealing of bad Laws and to the Enacting of good Laws Two things especially the King of England doth not usually do without the consent of his Subjects viz. make New Laws and raise New Taxes there being something of Odium in both of them the one seeming to diminish the Subjects Liberty and the other his Property therefore that all occasion of disaffection towards the King the Breath of our Nosthrils and the Light of our Eyes as he is stiled might be avoided it was most wisely contrived by our Ancestors that for both these should Petitions and Supplications be first made by the Subject These and divers other Prerogative rightfully belong and are enjoyed by the King of England Nevertheless the Kings of England usually govern this Kingdom by the ordinary known Laws and Customs of the Land as the great God doth the World by the Laws of Nature yet in some Cases for the benefit not damage of this Realm they make use of their Prerogatives as the King of Kings doth of his Extraordinary Power of Working of Miracles Lastly To the Kings of England quatenus Kings doth appertain one Prerogative that may be stiled super-excellent if not miraculous which was first enjoyed by that pious and good King Edward the Confessor which is by the touch to remove and to cure the Struma that stubborn disease commonly called the Kings Evil. In consideration of these and other transcendent Excellencies no King in Christendom nor other Potentate receives from his Subjects more Reverence Honour and Respect than the King of England All his People at their first Addresses kneel to him he is at all times served upon the Knee all Persons not the Prince or other Heir Apparant excepted stand bare in the presence of the King and in the Presence Chamber though in the Kings absence Only it was once indulged by Queen Mary for some eminent services performed by Henry Ratcliffe Earl of Sussex that by Patent he might at any time be covered in her presence but perhaps in imitation of the like liberty allowed by King Philip her Husband and other Kings of Spain to some of the principal Nobility there called Grandees of Spain Any thing or Act done in the Kings Presence is presumed to be void of all deceit and evil meaning and therefore a Fine levied in the Kings Court where the King is presumed to be present doth bind a Feme Covert a married Woman and others whom ordinarily the Law doth disable to transact The Kings only Testimony of any thing done in his presence is of as high a nature and credit as any Record and in all Writs sent forth for dispatch of Justice he useth no other Witness but himself viz. Teste me ipso Of the Kings Succession to the Crown of ENGLAND THe King of England hath right to the Crown by Inheritance and the Laws and Customs of England Upon the Death of the King the next of Kindred though born out of the Dominions of England or born of Parents not Subjects of England as by the Law and many Examples in the English Histories it doth manifestly appear is and is immediately King before any Proclamation Coronation Publication or Consent of Peers or People The Crown of England descends from Father to Son and to his Heirs for want of Sons to the Eldest Daughter and her Heirs for want of Daughters to the Brother and his Heirs and for want of Brother to the Sister and her Heirs The Salique Law or rather Custom of France hath here no more force than it had anciently among the Jews or now in Spain and other Christian Hereditary Kingdoms Among Turks and Barbarians that French Custom is still and ever was in use In Case of descent of the Crown contrary to the Custom of the descent of Estates among Subjects the Half Blood shall inherit so from King Edward the Sixth the Crown and Crown Lands descended to Queen Mary of the half blood and again to Queen Elizabeth of the half blood to the last Possessor At the death of every King die not only the Offices of the Court but all Commissions granted to the Judges durante beneplacito and of all Justices of Peace If the King be likely to leave his Crown to an Infant he doth usually by Testament appoint the person or persons that shall have the tuition of him and sometimes for want of such appointment a fit person of
shall any way offend It is called the Green Cloth of a Green Cloth whereat they sit over whom are the Arms of the Compting House bearing Vert a Key and a Rod Or a Staffe Argent Saultier signifying their Power to reward and correct as Persons for their great wisdom and experience thought fit by His Majesty to exercise both these Functions in his Royal House The Treasurer of the Kings House is alwayes of the Privy Council and in absence of the Lord Steward hath power with the Comptroller and Steward of the Marshalsea to hear and determine Treasons Felonies and other inferiour Crimes committed within the Kings Palace and that by Verdict of the Kings Houshold Houshold Servants within the Check Roll if any be found guilty of Felony no benefit of Glergy is to be allowed him Antiently this Court might have held Pleas of Freehold also His yearly Fee 124 l. 14 s. 8 d. and a Table of 16 Dishes each Meal He bears a white Staffe and is at present Sir Thomas Clifford The Comptrollers Office is to controul the Accounts and Reckonings of the Green Cloth His yearly Fee is 107 l. 12 s. 4 d. a Table of 16 Dishes each Meal He bears a white Staffe and is at present the Lord Newport The Cofferer is also a Principal Officer hath a special charge and oversight of other Officers of the House for their good Demeanour and Carriage in their Offices and is to pay the Wages to the Kings Servants below Stairs His yearly Fee is 100 l. a Table of 7 Dishes daily and is now Colonel Will. Ashburnbam The next is the Master of the Houshold whose Office is to survey the Accounts of the House His Fee 100 Marks and 7 Dishes daily enjoyed by Sir Herbert Price The Two Clerks of the Green Cloth are Sir Henry Wood and Sir Stephen Fox and the two Clerks Comptrollers Sir William Boreman and Sir Winston Churchill The yearly Fee to each of these four is 48 l. 13 s. 4 d. and between them 2 Tables of 7 Dishes to each Table The rest of the Compting-House being less considerable shall for brevity be past over and for other Officers below stairs onely their Names and Number shall be noted their Fees being not considerable except the Sergeants Fee of each Office In the Bake-House A Sergeant a Clerk divers Yeomen a Garnitor divers Purveyors Grooms and Conducts in all 17 Persons In the Pantry A Sergeant Yeomen Grooms Pages c. in all 11. In the Cellar A Sergeant a Gentleman Yeomen Grooms Purveyors Pages in all 12. In the Buttry A Gentleman Yeoman Grooms Pages Purveyors in all 11. In the Pitcher-House A Yeoman Grooms Page and Clerk in all 5 persons In the Spicery Three Clerks and a Grocer In the Chandlery A Sergeant 2 Yeomen 2 Grooms and a Page in all 6 persons In the Wafery A Yeoman and a Groom In the Confectionary A Sergeant 2 Yeomen a Groom and a Page In the Ewry A Sergeant a Gentleman 2 Yeomen a Groom and 2 Pages In the Landry A Yeoman a Groom 3 Pages and a Draper In the Kitchin Six Clerks a Master Cook to the King a Master Cook to the Houshold 6 Yeomen 7 Grooms 5 Children in all 26 persons In the Larder A Sergeant a Clerk 3 Yeomen 3 Grooms 2 Pages In the 〈◊〉 or the Caterers Office a Sergeant a Clerk Purveyors for Flesh and Fish Yeomen in all 12 persons In the Boyling-House a Yeoman 2 Grooms In the Poultry A Sergeant a Clerk Yeomen Grooms Purveyors in all 10 persons In the Scalding-House Yeomen Grooms and Pages in all 6. In the Pastry A Sergeant a Clerk Yeomen Grooms and Children in all 11 persons In the Scullery A Sergeant a Clerk Yeomen Grooms and Pages in all 12 persons In the Wood-Yard A Sergeant a Clerk Yeomen Groom and Pages in all 8 persons Harbingers 2 Gentlemen 6 Yeomen In the Almonry Sub-Almoner 2 Yeomen Grooms Porters at Gate A Sergeant Sir Edward Bret 2 Yeomen 4 Grooms Cart-Takers 6 in number Surveyors of the Dresser 2 persons Marshals of the Hall 4. Sewers of the Hall 5. Wayters of the Hall 12. Messenger of the Compting-House 1. Bell-Ringer 1. Long-Cart-Takers 4. Wine-Porters 8. Wood-Bearer 1. The Cock 1. Supernumerary Servants to the last King viz. In the Poultry 2 in the Almonry 1 and in the Pastry 1. Besides the fore-named Officers below Stairs there are also under the said Lord Steward all the Officers belonging to the Queens Kitchin Cellar Pantry c. and to the Kings Privy Kitchin and to the Lords Kitchin together with Children Scowrers Turn-broaches c. in all 68. A List of His Majesties Servants in Ordinary above Stairs GEntlemen of the Bed Chamber whereof the first is called Groom of the Stole that is according to the signification of the word in Greek from whence first the Latines and thence the Italian French derive it Groom or Servant of the Robe or Vestment He having the Office and Honour to present and put on His Majesties first Garment or Shirt every morning and to order the things of the Bed-Chamber The Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber consist usually of the Prime Nobility of England Their Office in general is each one in his turn to wait a Week in every Quarter in the Kings Bed-Chamber there to lie by the King on a Pallet-Bed all Night and in the absence of the Groom of the Stole to supply his place The yearly Fee to each is 1000 l. Their Names follow according to their Order John Earl of Bath Groom of the Stole and first Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber George Duke of Buckingham Charles Duke of Richmond William Duke of Newcastle George Duke of Albemarle James Duke of Ormond Earl of Suffolk The Earl of Newport Earl of Ossory Earl of Ogle Lord Gerrard Lord Crofts Lord Lauderdale Lord Mandevil Mr. May Privy Purse Sir George Carteret Vice-Chamberlain George Lord Viscount Grandison Captain of the Guard Sir Edward Griffin Knight Treasurer of the Chamber Sir John Denham Knight of the Bath Surveyor to His Majesty Grooms of the Bed-Chamber Henry Seymour Esquire John Ashburnham Esquire Thomas Elliot Esquire David Walter Esquire William Legg Esquire Sylvius Tytus Esquire Thomas Killegrew Esquire Robert Philips Esquire Edward Progers Esquire Richard Lane Esquire Henry Coventry Esquire These are not to be above the degree of Gentlemen Their Office is to attend in the Kings Bed-Chamber to dress and undress the King in private c. The yearly Fee to each is 500 l. Pages of the Bed-Chamber 6 in number whereof one is Keeper of his Majesties Closet Gentlemen Vshers of the Privy-Chamber Sir William Flemming Marmaduke Darcy Sir Paul Neale Sir Robert Stapleton These wait one at a time in the Privy Lodgings Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber in Ordinary Sir Edward Griffin Sir Francis Cobb Sir John Boys Sir John Talbot Sir Robert Bindlos Sir Thomas Sandys c. in number forty eight all Knights or Esquires of note Their Office is 12 every
Wise Four Dressers Mrs. Katherine Eliot 200 l. Mrs. Margaret Dawson 150 l. Mrs. Lelis Cranmer 150 l. Lady Apsley 150 l. Starcher Mrs. Mary Roche 120 l. Semstress Mrs. Ellen Green 80 l. Laundress Mrs. Mary Cowerd 250 l. Lace Mender Secretary to her Highness Sir Phil. Froud 100 l. Two Gentlemen Ushers each 80 l. Six Gentlemen Waiters whereof one hath 100 l. The other five each 40 l. Four Pages of the Back-Stairs each 80 l. Yeoman of the Mouth 50 l. Tayler 90 l. Shoomaker 36 l. 10 s. Master Cook 40 l. Necessary Woman 40 l. Eighteen Watermen each 2 l. Master of the Horse to the Dutchess is Sir Richard Powle 266 l. 13 s. 4 d. Two Escuyries each 100 l. Four Pages each 52 l. Eight Footmen each 39 l. Four Coachmen each 78 l. for themselves Postillions and helpers Five Grooms each 32 l. 10 s. Two Chairmen each 39 l. Officers and Servants to the Duke of Cambridge GOverness Lady Francis Villiers 400 l. Under-Governess Mrs. Mary Kilbert 150 l. Wet Nurse 80 l. Dry Nurse 80 l. Tutor of the French Tongue Monsieur Lesne 100 l. Three Rockers each 70 l. Laundress to the Body 60 l. Semstress Laundress to the Table Page of the Back-Stairs 60 l. Necessary Woman 50 l. Cook 38 l. 5. s. Musitian 31 l. 4 s. Two Pages to the Duke of Cambridge each 52 l. Four Footmen One Groom One Coachman Postillion and Helper Officers and Servants belonging to the Lady Mary TWo Dressers Mrs. Anne Walsingham 80 l. Mrs. Mary Langford 80 l. Roâ—ker Mrs. Jane Leigh 70 l. Semstress Laundress Mrs. Elizabeth Brooks 90 l. Page of the Back-Stairs 60 l. Dancing-Master 200 l. Singing-Master 100 l. Servants to the Lady Anne DResser Three Rockers Semstress Page of the Back-Stairs Necessary Woman His Royal Highness upon all occasions when he goes abroad without the King hath for his particular Guard a Gallant Troop of Horse commanded by Monsieur de Blancfort Of the Three States of England ALl the Subjects of England are divided into Clergy and Laity The Laity sub-divided into Nobility and Commonalty These are called Ordines Regni or the Three States and first of the Clergy As Heaven is more honourable than Earth the Soul than the Body so is the Spiritual Function more excellent than the Civil and the Sacerdotal Dignity higher than the Secular and therefore in England the Clergy caeteris paribus hath ever had according to the practice of all other Civilized Nations since the World began the preference and precedence of the Laity and hath in all times been reputed the First of the Three States The Clergy so called because they are Gods 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Portion For although all Christians may be stiled Gods Portion as well as Gods Servants yet amongst Christians those Persons whom God hath set apart and separated from common use to his Service to be as it were his Domestick Servants are more peculiarly the Lords Portion and therefore from the first Age of Christianity the Persons so set apart have been called Clerici Clerks As in the State so in the Church the Laws and Constitutions of England would not that there should be a parity and equality of all persons Quippe in Ecclesia nihil magis inaequale quam aequalitas And therefore in conformity to the first Times and Places of Establisht Christianity so soon as the Christian Faith was by Authority received in England one of the Clergy was in every City ordained a Bishop who hath to avoid Confusion which usually springs from equality a pre-eminence over the rest of the Clergy within certain Precincts Afterwards the Bishops being necessitated to meet about Publick Affairs of the Church as Consecrations Consultations for remedy of general disorders for Audiences Judicial when the actions of any Bishop should be called in question or Appeals from Bishops c. It seemed requisite to our Ancestors according to other Christian Churches ever since the first Nicene Council to have amongst a certain number of Bishops one to be chiefest in Authority over the rest fâ—om thence named Archiepiscopus Arch or Chief Bishop For easing the Bishop of some part of his burthen as the number of Christians waxed great or the Diocess was large there were ordained in the Primitive Times Chorepiscopi Suffragan or Subsidiary Bishops Accordingly in the English Church of a long time there have been such ordained by the name of Bishops Suffragans or Titular Bishops who have the Name Title Stile and Dignity of Bishops and as other Bishops are consecrated by the Archbishop of the Province each one to execute such Power Jurisdiction and Authority and receive such Profits as is limited in his Commission by the Bishop or Diocesan whose Suffragan he is For a Supply of able and fit Persons to assist Bishops or to be made Bishops it seemed good to Reverend Antiquity that in every Diocess a certain number of the more prudent and pious Pastors should be placed in a Collegiate manner at every Cathedral or Episcopal See where they might not only be ready to assist the Bishop in certain weighty Cases but also fit themselves by gaining experience and loosing by little and little their former familiarity with the inferiour Countrey Clergy for Government and Authority in the Church Accordingly in every Cathedral Church in England there are a certain number of Prebendaries or Canons and over them a Dean in Latine Decanus from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because antiently set over ten Canons at the least who is sometime stiled Alter Episcopi Oculus the other being the Archdeacon who though a Presbyter himself is so named for his Charge over the Deacons who are to be guided and directed by him under the Bishop Next is the Rural Dean who was antiently called Arcbipresbyter and had the guidance and direction of the Presbyters In the last place are the Pastors of every Parish who are called Rectors unless the Predial Tythes be impropriated and then they are called Vicars quasi vice fungentes Rectorum In England are 2 Archbishops 24 Bishops no Suffragan Bishops at present 26 Deans of Cathedrals and Collegiate Churches 60 Archdeacons 544 Prebendaries many Rural Deans and about 9700 Rectors and Vicars besides Curates who for certain Stipends assist such Rectors and Vicars that have the care of more Churches than one These if it be considered of what great Learning and Abilities they are what great Authority and Sway they usually bear over the Laity to incline â—ead and draw them what great Priviledges and Immunities they do or ought to enjoy and how much means they possess may well be reputed as in all times they have been in all other States the first Member of the Three Estates of England It hath been provided not without singular wisdom that as the ordinary course of common affairs is disposed of by general Laws so likewise mens rarer incident Necessities and Utilities should be