his_o treasury_n that_o he_o may_v have_v the_o oversight_n &_o government_n of_o such_o matter_n as_o do_v belong_v unto_o the_o rent_n revenue_n and_o substance_n of_o his_o majesty_n the_o emperor_n answer_v that_o he_o know_v he_o well_o deserve_v to_o have_v he_o do_v he_o a_o pleasure_n but_o yet_o nevertheless_o if_o he_o shall_v grant_v he_o that_o request_n he_o shall_v give_v all_o the_o world_n occasion_n to_o talk_v for_o see_v he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o use_v his_o own_o substance_n he_o shall_v much_o less_o know_v how_o to_o rule_v &_o govern_v the_o store_n of_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o purpose_n that_o the_o counsellor_n of_o prince_n may_v according_a to_o their_o duty_n serve_v their_o prince_n well_o and_o faithful_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v learned_a and_o letter_v as_o they_o that_o be_v crafty_a &_o subtle_a shall_v have_v a_o good_a a_o pure_a a_o sound_n and_o a_o sincere_a conscience_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v as_o our_o lord_n and_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n teach_v 10._o wise_a as_o serpent_n and_o innocent_a as_o doove_n for_o it_o be_v not_o profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o prince_n shall_v have_v such_o man_n to_o their_o counsellor_n as_o be_v subtle_a &_o malicious_a and_o if_o this_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o common_a weal_n be_v conserve_v by_o religion_n and_o true_a worship_v of_o god_n no_o doubt_n but_o they_o will_v be_v better_o conserve_v as_o laurentius_n grimaldus_n say_v if_o prince_n admit_v senatore_fw-la learned_a and_o virtuous_a prelate_n to_o their_o counsel_n unto_o who_o our_o lord_n and_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n commit_v the_o charge_n of_o christian_a soul_n the_o administration_n of_o his_o holy_a sacrament_n and_o the_o deliver_v and_o preach_v of_o his_o word_n that_o they_o may_v with_o their_o zealous_a prayer_n and_o supplication_n continual_o request_n and_o beseech_v the_o lord_n to_o augment_v and_o conserve_v the_o commonweal_n public_a and_o if_o the_o roman_n grecian_n egyptian_n and_o all_o other_o nation_n which_o serve_v the_o devil_n and_o worship_v idol_n do_v admit_v their_o priest_n unto_o their_o counsel_n and_o government_n of_o their_o commonweal_n by_o what_o great_a reason_n then_o ought_v christian_n prince_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o take_v counsel_n and_o advise_v of_o the_o priest_n of_o god_n and_o the_o minister_n v._o of_o his_o holy_a word_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o say_v that_o learned_a and_o virtuous_a prelate_n seem_v very_o well_o in_o the_o counsel_n of_o prince_n because_o they_o do_v represent_v the_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o commonweal_n and_o because_o that_o the_o prelate_n be_v in_o the_o counsel_n of_o prince_n all_o matter_n which_o in_o they_o be_v handle_v may_v be_v dispatch_v to_o the_o service_n and_o glory_n of_o god_n the_o ten_o discourse_n whether_o it_o be_v more_o profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o have_v a_o good_a prince_n and_o ill_a counsellor_n or_o a_o ill_a prince_n and_o good_a counsellor_n elius_n lampridius_n affirm_v that_o it_o be_v better_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o the_o prince_n shall_v be_v naught_o &_o the_o counsellor_n good_a than_o the_o prince_n good_a and_o the_o counsellor_n naught_o for_o a_o great_a deal_n soon_o be_v one_o change_v by_o the_o example_n and_o counsel_n of_o a_o great_a many_o than_o a_o great_a many_o by_o the_o example_n and_o counsel_n of_o one_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o counsellor_n of_o prince_n ought_v to_o be_v virtuous_a of_o good_a behaviour_n honest_a in_o life_n and_o estrange_v from_o all_o covetousness_n and_o humane_a pretence_n love_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o their_o king_n who_o authority_n and_o estimation_n they_o ought_v to_o make_v account_n of_o above_o all_o other_o worldly_a thing_n this_o which_o elius_n lampridius_n say_v hold_v in_o those_o prince_n that_o follow_v that_o which_o their_o counsellor_n advise_v they_o to_o do_v and_o not_o in_o those_o who_o will_v have_v that_o their_o counsellor_n shall_v approve_v and_o allow_v all_o whatsoever_o they_o say_v oâ—_n like_a though_o the_o same_o be_v manifest_o hurtful_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n these_o as_o king_n antiochus_n say_v be_v so_o nice_a wanton_a arrogant_a and_o proud_a that_o they_o will_v never_o hear_v any_o true_a tale_n nor_o take_v any_o counsel_n but_o will_v have_v that_o all_o man_n shall_v like_v with_o their_o action_n and_o allow_v all_o their_o sayingsâ—_n and_o by_o gesture_n demeanour_n and_o move_v of_o their_o body_n their_o subtlety_n of_o wit_n and_o greatness_n of_o judgement_n be_v meruallous_a &_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v say_v et_fw-la cum_fw-la spiritu_fw-la tuo_fw-la demetrius_n phalerius_n to_o shun_v this_o inconueniente_fw-la counsel_v apothegmatis_fw-la ptolemey_n the_o king_n of_o egypt_n that_o he_o shall_v read_v book_n which_o treat_v of_o king_n and_o commonweal_n for_o in_o read_v of_o such_o book_n he_o shall_v find_v many_o thing_n which_o his_o counsellor_n and_o familiar_n dare_v not_o tell_v he_o isocrates_n exhort_v and_o regno_fw-la counsel_v king_n to_o choose_v virtuous_a and_o faithful_a counsellor_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v many_o time_n request_v they_o not_o to_o favour_v or_o praise_n that_o which_o they_o say_v but_o to_o tell_v they_o the_o truth_n and_o free_o show_v they_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v concern_v that_o about_o which_o they_o consult_v and_o by_o this_o mean_n every_o prince_n shall_v have_v counsellor_n that_o will_v have_v a_o regard_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o public_a profit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n john_n the_o second_o king_n of_o portugal_n will_v not_o bestow_v a_o certain_a dignity_n unto_o some_o johan._n that_o request_v it_o of_o he_o say_v that_o he_o will_v give_v it_o unto_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n that_o never_o speak_v any_o thing_n unto_o he_o in_o all_o his_o life_n which_o please_v his_o humour_n but_o that_o which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v profitable_a both_o unto_o he_o and_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n don_z historia_fw-la alonso_z the_o twelve_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o castille_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n of_o counsel_n sit_v in_o his_o chair_n of_o estate_n hold_v in_o his_o right_a hand_n the_o sword_n wherewith_o he_o be_v dub_v knight_n and_o in_o his_o left_a hand_n the_o royal_a crown_n and_o be_v thus_o set_v he_o request_v those_o of_o his_o counsel_n that_o they_o shall_v free_o tell_v he_o what_o they_o think_v and_o in_o such_o order_n counsel_v he_o that_o the_o majesty_n and_o honour_n of_o his_o crown_n may_v ever_o remain_v inviolable_a and_o the_o power_n of_o his_o sword_n may_v daily_o rather_o increase_v then_o diminish_v 2_o don_n francisco_n de_fw-fr almeida_n viceroy_n of_o the_o eastern_a indies_n 5._o be_v inform_v that_o some_o of_o his_o captain_n which_o he_o admit_v to_o his_o counsel_n have_v give_v forth_o speech_n how_o that_o they_o do_v not_o free_o open_v their_o mind_n unto_o he_o because_o they_o fear_v lest_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v utter_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o his_o humour_n he_o will_v have_v be_v offend_v with_o they_o take_v occasion_n to_o talk_v with_o those_o of_o his_o counsel_n &_o among_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o he_o mention_v unto_o they_o tell_v they_o that_o one_o of_o the_o great_a sin_n which_o man_n may_v commit_v against_o god_n and_o their_o prince_n was_z not_o to_o make_v he_o acquaint_v with_o their_o opinion_n and_o not_o free_o to_o show_v he_o what_o they_o think_v concern_v that_o about_o which_o they_o consult_v for_o so_o they_o offend_v the_o lord_n in_o that_o they_o deny_v the_o judgement_n and_o understanding_n wherewith_o it_o please_v his_o divine_a majesty_n to_o endue_v &_o enrich_v they_o and_o against_o their_o prince_n undoubted_o they_o commit_v a_o kind_n of_o treason_n and_o because_o man_n err_v more_o often_o through_o malice_n then_o ignorance_n those_o clean_a unspotted_a and_o free_a counsel_n which_o god_n inspire_v be_v better_o safe_a and_o sure_a than_o those_o that_o be_v give_v unto_o hope_n of_o gain_n or_o some_o other_o ungodly_a pretence_n and_o respect_n of_o fear_n love_n or_o anger_n for_o man_n common_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o perturbation_n or_o indignation_n and_o wrath_n wherewith_o they_o be_v move_v against_o other_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v and_o like_a man_n distract_v and_o ravish_v of_o all_o their_o sense_n do_v all_o thing_n over-thwartlie_a and_o otherwise_o then_o they_o ought_v isocrates_n counsel_v those_o that_o will_v 〈◊〉_d take_v advice_n about_o some_o thing_n to_o break_v the_o matter_n unto_o those_o of_o who_o they_o take_v counsel_n as_o if_o it_o be_v concern_v some_o other_o body_n and_o not_o pertain_v unto_o they_o themselves_o for_o so_o by_o this_o mean_n
they_o shall_v understand_v what_o be_v best_a and_o safe_a for_o they_o to_o do_v and_o that_o secret_a which_o they_o will_v not_o have_v to_o be_v discover_v shall_v be_v conceal_v this_o which_o isocrates_n counsel_v aught_o to_o be_v do_v by_o those_o that_o be_v note_v &_o reprehend_v in_o some_o thing_n if_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o matter_n so_o permit_v propose_v it_o unto_o they_o that_o find_v fault_n with_o they_o as_o if_o they_o ask_v counsel_n of_o they_o about_o 7._o it_o this_o counsel_n be_v use_v by_o don_n francisco_n de_fw-fr almeida_n know_v that_o his_o gentleman_n find_v fault_n with_o he_o because_o he_o will_v not_o assault_v the_o city_n of_o aden_n after_o that_o he_o have_v overcome_v the_o army_n of_o camori_fw-la of_o calcutta_n and_o melique_n ayas_n 3_o of_o this_o which_o we_o have_v brief_o note_v follow_v necessary_o that_o it_o be_v far_o better_a and_o more_o profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o the_o prince_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o the_o counsellor_n naught_o then_o that_o the_o counsellor_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o the_o prince_n wicked_a for_o all_o man_n endeavour_n to_o imitate_v the_o prince_n plato_n with_o great_a judgement_n and_o prudence_n as_o tully_n say_v write_v fam_fw-la that_o as_o the_o prince_n be_v so_o the_o subject_n prove_v if_o y_o e_o prince_n be_v virtuous_a every_o man_n do_v his_o best_a to_o become_v virtuous_a and_o if_o the_o prince_n be_v vicious_a they_o be_v all_o vicious_a if_o the_o prince_n be_v a_o hypocrite_n and_o superstitious_a they_o â—e_v all_o hypocrite_n and_o superstitious_a principum_fw-la fredericus_fw-la furius_n say_v that_o when_o the_o prince_n be_v give_v to_o poetry_n all_o his_o courtier_n fall_v to_o versify_n and_o when_o the_o prince_n take_v pleasure_n in_o music_n they_o be_v all_o busy_a with_o descant_v and_o tune_v their_o instrument_n when_o he_o be_v a_o warrior_n they_o all_o exercise_n themselves_o in_o feat_n of_o chivalry_n when_o he_o be_v delight_v with_o jest_n than_o every_o one_o play_v the_o jester_n and_o when_o he_o be_v a_o friend_n unto_o astronomer_n and_o those_o that_o study_n the_o speculation_n of_o astrology_n than_o every_o one_o dispute_v of_o sphere_n if_o because_o the_o music_n alter_v as_o plato_n say_v the_o republica_n custom_n of_o the_o city_n be_v change_v much_o more_o easy_o will_v they_o be_v change_v by_o imitate_v the_o prince_n who_o hurt_v all_o they_o that_o follow_v their_o example_n with_o which_o they_o dâ—â—_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o harm_n than_o they_o do_v with_o the_o sin_n which_o they_o commit_v for_o no_o man_n dare_v to_o tell_v they_o the_o truth_n for_o which_o thing_n we_o be_v much_o behold_v to_o dame_n flattery_n who_o prevail_v so_o great_o with_o prince_n that_o the_o same_o which_o out_o of_o all_o question_n be_v good_a be_v mislike_v and_o the_o same_o which_o be_v notorious_o know_v to_o be_v naught_o and_o wicked_a be_v allow_v and_o approve_a prince_n be_v now_o of_o long_a time_n accustom_v to_o hear_v false_a tale_n and_o to_o be_v flatter_v and_o to_o have_v all_o whatsoever_o they_o say_v and_o do_v allow_v and_o praise_v that_o the_o great_a monster_n which_o can_v be_v show_v to_o a_o prince_n be_v to_o tell_v he_o some_o true_a thing_n which_o offend_v he_o as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o see_v or_o hear_v any_o such_o thing_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n wherefore_o monster_n offend_v for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v see_v they_o have_v never_o offend_v 4_o prince_n then_o see_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v virtuous_a and_o learned_a man_n in_o their_o service_n which_o may_v counsel_v and_o show_v they_o how_o they_o ought_v to_o rule_v and_o govern_v the_o people_n which_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o charge_n ought_v to_o consider_v that_o both_o the_o credit_n and_o discredit_n of_o their_o own_o person_n and_o of_o all_o their_o subject_n also_o depend_v upon_o the_o election_n of_o their_o counsellor_n we_o see_v common_o that_o man_n judge_v of_o the_o prince_n &_o his_o ability_n according_a to_o the_o reputation_n of_o his_o counsel_n for_o if_o his_o counsellor_n be_v wise_a and_o in_o all_o point_v sufficient_a man_n then_o be_v he_o always_o account_v wise_a for_o it_o be_v no_o small_a argument_n of_o wisdom_n in_o a_o prince_n to_o be_v able_a to_o know_v and_o discern_v wise_a and_o sufficient_a man_n from_o other_o and_o to_o choose_v they_o that_o be_v faithful_a &_o loyal_a to_o be_v his_o counsellor_n leave_v those_o that_o be_v unskilful_a and_o rude_a but_o when_o the_o counsellor_n be_v not_o learned_a prudent_a and_o rare_a man_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o y_z e_z prince_n have_v a_o good_a reputation_n for_o he_o err_v in_o the_o principal_a point_n if_o he_o choose_v insufficient_a and_o bad_a man_n to_o be_v his_o counsellor_n and_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n necessary_a that_o he_o who_o err_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o most_o great_a importance_n must_v also_o err_v in_o all_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o for_o if_o the_o fountain_n be_v infect_v all_o the_o water_n must_v necessary_o be_v also_o infect_v even_o so_o if_o the_o counsel_n be_v corrupt_v all_o the_o government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n go_v to_o wrack_n if_o a_o prince_n have_v good_a counsellor_n though_o he_o do_v amiss_o yet_o will_v no_o man_n believe_v it_o but_o if_o his_o counsel_n be_v not_o good_a though_o we_o see_v the_o prince_n do_v well_o yet_o can_v we_o not_o believe_v it_o or_o we_o think_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o chance_n by_o this_o may_v we_o perceive_v that_o a_o prince_n who_o have_v trusty_a and_o loyal_a counsellor_n do_v thereby_o not_o only_o obtain_v good_a success_n in_o his_o enterprise_n but_o also_o great_a credit_n and_o reputation_n both_o among_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o also_o among_o stranger_n his_o own_o subject_n love_n and_o obey_v he_o stranger_n fear_v he_o and_o all_o man_n joint_o with_o one_o voice_n singular_o commend_v he_o 5_o every_o prince_n ought_v to_o think_v that_o a_o learned_a counsel_n be_v more_o necessary_a for_o he_o than_o the_o bread_n which_o he_o eat_v to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v hear_v the_o truth_n for_o prince_n can_v abide_v to_o hear_v the_o simple_a and_o naked_a truth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o flatterer_n which_o compass_n &_o environ_v they_o on_o every_o side_n neither_o be_v it_o good_a that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o tell_v the_o prince_n the_o truth_n for_o so_o they_o may_v incur_v danger_n to_o loose_v their_o kingdom_n and_o authority_n and_o be_v have_v in_o no_o account_n the_o royal_a prophet_n david_n to_o show_v that_o all_o man_n honour_v 17._o and_o reverence_v he_o say_v that_o they_o all_o lie_v unto_o he_o for_o they_o that_o be_v of_o power_n and_o authority_n no_o man_n dare_v to_o tell_v they_o the_o truth_n but_o to_o poor_a man_n that_o be_v of_o small_a power_n every_o one_o speak_v free_o and_o bold_o if_o a_o prince_n have_v many_o province_n under_o his_o government_n he_o ought_v as_o we_o have_v say_v to_o choose_v counsellor_n out_o of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o place_n that_o be_v under_o his_o subjection_n and_o not_o out_o of_o one_o or_o two_o only_a for_o the_o people_n take_v it_o very_o impatient_o to_o see_v that_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v exclude_v and_o cast_v off_o from_o the_o administration_n and_o government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n see_v not_o one_o of_o their_o countryman_n to_o be_v of_o the_o counsel_n and_o they_o think_v and_o that_o with_o great_a reason_n that_o the_o prince_n make_v but_o small_a account_n of_o they_o or_o that_o he_o take_v they_o to_o be_v slave_n &_o bondman_n or_o that_o he_o think_v they_o not_o worthy_a to_o be_v trust_v the_o first_o engender_v hatred_n the_o second_o seek_v liberty_n and_o therefore_o they_o conspire_v against_o the_o prince_n and_o confederate_a with_o strange_a king_n the_o third_o embolden_v they_o to_o admit_v any_o kind_n of_o treason_n against_o their_o natural_a prince_n when_o a_o prince_n choose_v a_o counsellor_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v content_v with_o those_o only_a that_o dwell_v in_o his_o palace_n or_o court_n nor_o of_o those_o that_o be_v his_o own_o countryman_n nor_o of_o those_o which_o he_o know_v by_o sight_n or_o by_o hearsay_n although_o they_o be_v never_o so_o wise_a and_o prudent_a but_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v well_o inform_v of_o all_o such_o as_o live_v in_o any_o of_o those_o province_n which_o he_o rule_v and_o among_o they_o all_o to_o make_v election_n of_o he_o that_o be_v well_o know_v and_o sufficient_o prove_v to_o be_v the_o best_a of_o they_o all_o neither_o ought_v a_o prince_n to_o make_v too_o much_o haste_n in_o choose_v of_o his_o
the_o three_o discourse_n how_o needful_a and_o necessary_a it_o be_v that_o prince_n shall_v have_v in_o their_o service_n such_o counsellor_n as_o free_o will_v tell_v they_o what_o they_o think_v to_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o how_o great_a importance_n it_o be_v unto_o all_o common_a wealth_n that_o be_v that_o prince_n shall_v have_v such_o counsellor_n who_o free_o will_v let_v they_o understand_v what_o they_o think_v to_o be_v most_o convenient_a the_o poet_n in_o their_o work_n sufficient_o declare_v unto_o us._n who_o as_o plato_n say_v write_v that_o prince_n be_v undâ—one_v 1._o because_o they_o want_v faithful_a friend_n to_o counsel_v they_o cornelius_n tacitus_n agree_v with_o they_o say_v that_o a_o prince_n â—_o can_v have_v no_o great_a better_a nor_o fit_a instrument_n to_o keep_v and_o conserve_v his_o estate_n then_o good_a friend_n the_o emperor_n augustus_n 13_o caesar_n say_v into_o these_o trouble_n have_v i_o not_o fall_v if_o moecenae_n and_o agrippa_n have_v live_v who_o counsel_n i_o be_v go_v to_o enjoy_v augustus_n caesar_n do_v much_o miss_v they_o and_o mark_v that_o he_o bid_v no_o friend_n to_o counsel_v he_o for_o prince_n have_v need_n of_o nothing_o more_o then_o of_o friend_n that_o may_v give_v they_o counsel_n the_o great_a and_o best_a guard_n that_o a_o prince_n can_v have_v as_o aristeus_n interpre_v say_v be_v to_o be_v accompany_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o just_a and_o expart_v counselle_n who_o through_o 〈…〉_o seft_v their_o own_o commodity_n aside_o regard_v the_o profit_n and_o welfare_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n for_o no_o army_n no_o battle_n no_o squadron_n of_o fight_a man_n and_o no_o treasure_n that_o a_o prince_n have_v can_v so_o well_o conserve_v and_o defend_v the_o prince_n his_o estate_n as_o good_a and_o loyal_a friend_n who_o will_v free_o show_v he_o what_o they_o take_v to_o be_v most_o profitable_a for_o the_o common_a wealth_n and_o as_o a_o certain_a poet_n say_v cognoseere_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d o_o that_o some_o poor_a man_n irus_n like_v there_o be_v that_o all_o my_o fault_n mislike_v weigh_v without_o fear_n and_o true_a freend-like_a tell_v how_o myself_o i_o bear_v merope_n in_o the_o tragedy_n do_v admonish_v we_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d take_v those_o to_o friend_n that_o from_o thy_o will_n in_o word_n do_v disagree_v but_o all_o such_o as_o with_o flattery_n thy_o humour_n seek_v to_o feed_v that_o none_o such_o eâ—â—tor_n 〈…〉_o door_n see_v that_o thou_o take_v good_a heed_n 2_o for_o prince_n lose_v not_o their_o authority_n at_o all_o in_o follow_v that_o which_o their_o counsellor_n advise_v they_o but_o rather_o increase_v and_o augment_v it_o for_o if_o counsellor_n deminish_v it_o than_o will_v not_o prince_n have_v any_o counsellor_n of_o who_o they_o may_v learn_v what_o be_v most_o profitable_a for_o y_o e_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o war_n which_o the_o grecian_n wage_v against_o the_o trojan_n the_o counsel_n of_o nestor_n and_o ulysses_n be_v far_o more_o profitable_a than_o the_o force_n of_o achilles_n and_o aiax_n as_o agamemnon_n show_v when_o he_o say_v that_o if_o he_o have_v have_v ten_o nestor_n to_o have_v give_v he_o counsel_n the_o siege_n of_o troy_n shall_v not_o have_v continue_v so_o long_o henry_n y_fw-fr e_fw-la three_o 4._o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o castille_n say_v that_o the_o counsel_n of_o wise_a man_n do_v the_o prince_n more_o good_a than_o the_o arm_n of_o valiant_a soldier_n because_o brave_a and_o more_o notable_a act_n be_v wrought_v by_o man_n of_o counsel_n then_o by_o arm_n he_o be_v also_o wont_a to_o allege_v y_o it_o which_o tully_n say_v to_o this_o purpose_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o counsel_n of_o solon_n officio_fw-la have_v be_v no_o less_o profitable_a unto_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n than_o the_o victory_n of_o themissocles_n sallust_n assirm_v that_o counsel_n be_v not_o catelin_n only_o profitable_a for_o the_o consernation_n and_o maintenance_n of_o peace_n but_o also_o for_o the_o atchive_n of_o victory_n because_o good_a counsel_n always_o prevail_v much_o in_o war_n 3_o and_o prince_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v be_v well_o counsel_v shall_v command_v their_o counsellor_n to_o speak_v free_o in_o their_o consultation_n and_o show_v their_o mind_n what_o they_o think_v aught_o to_o be_v determine_v to_o do_v the_o commonwealth_n good_a for_o as_o artabanus_n say_v to_o king_n xerxes_n if_o there_o be_v not_o diverse_a mind_n and_o 7._o opinion_n in_o their_o consultation_n how_o can_v the_o prince_n choose_v that_o which_o be_v best_a after_o the_o same_o order_n as_o we_o know_v which_o be_v the_o better_a gold_n by_o lay_v of_o one_o piece_n of_o gold_n to_o the_o other_o even_o so_o compare_v one_o counsel_n with_o the_o other_o the_o prince_n discern_v which_o of_o they_o be_v most_o profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o as_o paulus_n de_fw-fr castro_n say_v even_o as_o perfume_n the_o better_a they_o consilio_fw-la be_v beat_v the_o sweet_a they_o smell_v so_o likewise_o the_o sentence_n mind_n and_o opinion_n of_o counsellor_n the_o more_o they_o be_v debate_v and_o discuss_v the_o sure_a and_o better_o they_o be_v true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o rare_a and_o great_a wit_n be_v of_o singular_a judgement_n be_v able_a to_o enter_v deep_o into_o matter_n than_o they_o that_o be_v not_o so_o witty_a but_o of_o the_o simple_a sort_n and_o they_o that_o be_v full_o experience_v can_v better_o discern_v what_o be_v necessaire_fw-fr in_o every_o matter_n than_o they_o which_o have_v no_o skill_n in_o it_o yet_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o enerie_n wise_a man_n to_o hear_v the_o mind_n of_o many_o for_o one_o man_n only_o can_v see_v and_o know_v all_o thing_n and_o oftentimes_o one_o of_o simple_a princip_n learning_n and_o small_a knowledge_n advise_v a_o wise_a person_n of_o such_o thing_n which_o he_o never_o do_v hear_v or_o see_v before_o dion_n say_v that_o a_o prince_n see_v with_o as_o many_o eye_n and_o hear_v with_o as_o many_o ear_n as_o he_o have_v friend_n that_o counsel_v he_o sincere_o 4_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o the_o counsellor_n before_o hand_n shall_v know_v their_o prince_n inclination_n for_o than_o they_o seek_v all_o mean_n possible_a how_o to_o find_v out_o reason_n which_o may_v justify_v and_o prove_v that_o which_o their_o king_n or_o prince_n desire_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n of_o all_o hurtful_a counsellor_n looper_n learned_a man_n be_v most_o noyous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o they_o abuse_v their_o learning_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o it_o become_v prince_n very_o well_o to_o be_v accompany_v with_o learned_a man_n and_o that_o the_o society_n and_o use_n of_o learned_a man_n be_v very_o expedient_a and_o profitable_a unto_o virtuous_a prince_n and_o contrarilie_o very_o dangerous_a and_o hurtful_a to_o wicked_a and_o lewd_a prince_n for_o to_o evevy_v thing_n which_o the_o prince_n will_v do_v they_o find_v either_o n_o law_n or_o a_o history_n to_o allow_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o and_o if_o so_o be_v that_o the_o prince_n be_v of_o weak_a judgement_n he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o determine_v and_o choose_v what_o be_v most_o profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o emperor_n say_v true_a see_v that_o there_o never_o want_v man_n of_o great_a learning_n who_o contrary_a to_o all_o reason_n and_o justice_n justify_v and_o approve_v that_o which_o their_o prince_n purpose_v and_o appoint_v to_o do_v as_o also_o the_o emperor_n which_o persecute_v our_o christian_a religion_n want_v not_o learned_a counsellor_n to_o allow_v and_o approve_v their_o wicked_a enterprise_n ulpian_n the_o lawyer_n write_v the_o manner_n how_o 10._o they_o shall_v torment_v and_o punish_v the_o christian_n neither_o want_v the_o emperor_n frederick_n &_o the_o other_o emperor_n which_o persecute_v christianis_fw-la the_o catholic_a church_n learned_a man_n to_o justify_v their_o pretence_n though_o they_o be_v unjust_a and_o erroneous_a moreover_o many_o learned_a man_n do_v justify_v unto_o don_n pedro_n king_n of_o castille_n that_o he_o may_v marry_v with_o lady_n marie_n of_o castro_n though_o notwithstanding_o ecclesiast_fw-la his_o lawful_a wife_n and_o queen_n lady_n blanch_n be_v yet_o live_v such_o counsellor_n be_v not_o to_o be_v term_v jurisperiti_n and_o jurisconsulti_fw-la but_o rather_o jureperditi_n and_o jurestulti_fw-la certes_o they_o that_o glory_n and_o vaunt_v that_o they_o be_v christian_n aught_o to_o be_v ashamed_a to_o do_v that_o which_o papinian_n be_v a_o pagan_a will_v not_o 131._o do_v although_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o emperor_n caracalla_n who_o steward_n and_o familiar_a he_o be_v to_o do_v it_o which_o be_v to_o defend_v a_o unjust_a cause_n wherefore_o by_o
the_o emperor_n command_n he_o be_v slay_v and_o put_v to_o death_n rather_o will_v he_o die_v antoni_fw-la though_o he_o be_v not_o a_o christian_a then_o defend_v a_o unjust_a cause_n and_o he_o esteem_v more_o as_o our_o lord_n and_o saviour_n christ_n jesus_n 10._o teach_v we_o not_o to_o offend_v god_n than_o he_o do_v of_o those_o that_o kill_v the_o body_n but_o not_o the_o soul_n those_o learned_a man_n that_o justify_v false_a thing_n unto_o their_o prince_n discharge_v not_o their_o duty_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v for_o they_o persuade_v they_o to_o do_v many_o thing_n that_o redound_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n utter_a destruction_n 5_o a_o prince_n than_o ought_v to_o select_v such_o counsellor_n as_o do_v not_o approve_v all_o that_o which_o be_v say_v for_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a trick_n of_o flattery_n to_o allow_v all_o that_o be_v say_v and_o still_o to_o sing_v et_fw-la cum_fw-la spiritu_fw-la tuo_fw-la such_o man_n as_o the_o italian_n say_v journey_n still_o betwixt_o lodi_n &_o placentia_n they_o never_o go_v to_o verona_n they_o rehearse_v continual_o the_o psalm_n of_o placebo_fw-la domino_fw-la but_o they_o 114._o reach_v not_o as_o gerson_n say_v to_o the_o verse_n in_o region_fw-la viâ—orum_fw-la because_o their_o sin_n be_v deadly_a in_o deceive_v their_o prince_n with_o flattery_n counterfeit_n and_o mask_v those_o counsel_n which_o they_o give_v with_o a_o false_a show_n of_o religion_n and_o justice_n regard_v more_o their_o own_o particular_a profit_n than_o the_o common_a welfare_n these_o counsel_n have_v no_o justice_n at_o all_o in_o they_o but_o only_o the_o name_n of_o justice_n which_o they_o give_v they_o to_o colour_n and_o mask_v the_o unjustice_n and_o wickedness_n which_o in_o they_o lurk_v and_o when_o such_o counsellor_n come_v with_o show_n of_o justice_n and_o religion_n the_o harm_n which_o they_o do_v unto_o the_o commonwealth_n can_v be_v repair_v because_o in_o their_o own_o defence_n they_o make_v a_o show_n of_o justice_n with_o which_o otherwise_o they_o may_v have_v be_v suppress_v inâ—ando_fw-la these_o be_v rather_o as_o innocentius_n the_o three_o pope_n say_v cosenner_n than_o counsellor_n of_o prince_n 6_o that_o counsellor_n may_v free_o speak_v their_o mind_n in_o their_o consultation_n prince_n ought_v to_o imitate_v the_o emperor_n augustus_n caesar_n who_o as_o seneca_n say_v be_v desire_v by_o tacitus_n 16._o to_o come_v to_o his_o house_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o offence_n which_o one_o of_o his_o son_n have_v commit_v do_v as_o tacitus_n request_v he_o and_o because_o he_o shall_v not_o move_v they_o that_o shall_v hear_v the_o matter_n debate_v to_o follow_v that_o which_o he_o say_v and_o say_v as_o prince_n counsellor_n common_o do_v et_fw-la cum_fw-la spiritu_fw-la tuo_fw-la he_o command_v that_o every_o one_o that_o be_v to_o determine_v of_o the_o matter_n shall_v set_v down_o his_o mind_n in_o writing_n and_o when_o as_o every_o man_n have_v say_v what_o he_o think_v best_a to_o be_v do_v the_o emperor_n tell_v they_o his_o opinion_n and_o like_n the_o emperor_n caesar_n augustus_n never_o ask_v his_o augusti_fw-la counsellor_n after_o the_o order_n as_o they_o sit_v but_o here_o one_o and_o there_o another_o that_o they_o shall_v all_o of_o they_o be_v attentive_a and_o ready_a to_o answer_v and_o show_v their_o mind_n what_o they_o think_v be_v to_o be_v do_v without_o addict_v themselves_o unto_o that_o which_o the_o other_o say_v in_o ancient_a time_n pass_v when_o they_o propose_v law_n unto_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n concern_v the_o commonwealth_n they_o begin_v 3._o to_o propose_v the_o ordinance_n to_o they_o which_o bear_v no_o office_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v bold_o show_v their_o mind_n what_o they_o think_v to_o be_v most_o profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o not_o keep_v back_o their_o opinion_n for_o fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v offend_v those_o that_o bare_a office_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o they_o erst_o have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_n aulus_n gellius_n say_v that_o in_o y_fw-fr e_fw-la senate_n house_n sometime_o 3â—_n they_o ask_v he_o that_o be_v choose_v to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o senate_n &_o sometime_o those_o y_o it_o be_v elect_v to_o be_v consul_n and_o baldus_n say_v that_o the_o most_o ancient_a man_n aught_o to_o be_v ask_v first_o conformable_a to_o y_z e_z which_o king_n solomon_n say_v speak_v the_o elder_a first_o the_o four_o discourse_n what_o counsel_n be_v expedient_a for_o the_o government_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v well_o institute_v the_o counsel_n be_v the_o foundation_n whereon_o all_o commonwealth_n be_v ground_v for_o whatsoever_o be_v convenient_a to_o be_v do_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v decide_v in_o they_o and_o according_a to_o aristotle_n there_o be_v five_o counsel_n which_o every_o 1._o commonwealth_n that_o be_v well_o govern_v aught_o to_o have_v the_o first_o be_v of_o revenue_n in_o this_o counsel_n they_o consult_v upon_o rent_n as_o well_o ordinary_a as_o extraordinary_a and_o upon_o superfluous_a expense_n how_o the_o rent_n be_v spend_v and_o consume_v this_o counsel_n be_v very_o necessary_a in_o a_o commonwealth_n for_o substance_n be_v the_o quintessence_n as_o well_o in_o public_a as_o private_a affair_n without_o which_o neither_o man_n nor_o commonwealth_n can_v fit_o be_v maintain_v for_o little_a profit_n the_o four_o element_n and_o all_o other_o mixture_n whatsoever_o if_o man_n have_v not_o wherwithal_o to_o buy_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o their_o maintenance_n and_o sustentation_n as_o i_o write_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o treatise_n which_o i_o make_v of_o the_o craft_n and_o fetch_n wherewith_o man_n attain_v to_o riches_n the_o second_o counsel_n be_v of_o peace_n and_o this_o common_o be_v call_v the_o counsel_n of_o estate_n on_o which_o the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v ground_v as_o i_o write_v more_o at_o large_a beneath_o the_o three_o counsel_n be_v of_o war_n unto_o this_o counsel_n it_o belong_v to_o look_v to_o the_o fortify_v of_o place_n and_o maintenance_n of_o man_n and_o what_o soldier_n be_v necessary_a for_o war_n and_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o many_o other_o matter_n concern_v the_o same_o the_o four_o counsel_n be_v of_o such_o provision_n and_o mayntenaunce_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n this_o have_v charge_n to_o provide_v &_o furnish_v the_o commonwealth_n with_o maintenance_n and_o other_o thing_n necessary_a to_o life_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o war_n the_o five_o counsel_n be_v for_o the_o law_n and_o justice_n in_o this_o counsel_n all_o thing_n be_v handle_v that_o pertain_v and_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o well_o in_o civil_a as_o in_o criminal_a matter_n that_o y_o e_o same_o may_v be_v there_o determine_v which_o the_o prince_n according_a to_o right_n principum_fw-la and_o justice_n if_o he_o be_v present_a shall_v ordain_v by_o what_o order_n of_o justice_n soever_o fredericus_fw-la furius_n call_v this_o the_o counsel_n of_o punishment_n unto_o this_o be_v that_o refer_v which_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o chauncery_n if_o the_o party_n plead_v complain_v that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o chauncery_n do_v not_o judge_v well_o and_o conformable_a unto_o justice_n to_o which_o also_o it_o belong_v to_o have_v a_o regard_n what_o office_n charge_n magistrate_n and_o governor_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o what_o and_o how_o much_o authority_n and_o power_n they_o ought_v to_o have_v this_o counsel_n shall_v add_v such_o officer_n as_o be_v want_v and_o put_v down_o such_o as_o be_v superfluous_a it_o pertain_v also_o unto_o this_o to_o declare_v and_o expound_v such_o law_n as_o have_v a_o doubtful_a sense_n and_o take_v away_o such_o as_o be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o make_v such_o new_a as_o be_v necessary_a 2_o unto_o these_o five_o counsel_n which_o aristotle_n set_v down_o fredericus_fw-la furius_n add_v the_o six_o of_o gift_n and_o reward_n this_o counsel_n have_v charge_n to_o hear_v and_o learn_v the_o merit_n &_o desert_n general_o of_o all_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o life_n manner_n and_o ability_n and_o deed_n of_o those_o that_o not_o ask_v any_o reward_n deserve_v to_o be_v reward_v for_o their_o virtue_n and_o particular_o of_o those_o that_o ask_v some_o reward_n a_o reward_n be_v proper_o call_v that_o which_o be_v give_v to_o do_v good_a unto_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v give_v for_o that_o which_o be_v give_v to_o get_v and_o obtain_v some_o thing_n of_o he_o unto_o who_o it_o 6._o be_v give_v be_v not_o proper_o a_o reward_n but_o a_o contract_n or_o bargain_n see_v it_o be_v between_o two_o party_n that_o have_v to_o do_v with_o debt_n and_o receipt_n and_o such_o reward_n be_v rather_o to_o
friend_n concern_v matter_n which_o require_v such_o speed_n that_o it_o lie_v upon_o their_o life_n credit_n episto_n and_o substance_n yea_o and_o their_o conscience_n also_o to_o have_v some_o counsel_n or_o other_o and_o that_o the_o friend_n of_o who_o counsel_n be_v demand_v ought_v without_o any_o delay_n at_o all_o so_o ready_o show_v his_o mind_n what_o he_o think_v aught_o to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o case_n as_o if_o he_o find_v it_o ready_a in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n king_n solomon_n counsele_v we_o to_o let_v our_o eye_n behold_v the_o right_n and_o let_v our_o eye_n lid_v direct_v our_o 25_o way_n before_o we_o and_o so_o shall_v we_o not_o go_v unaduised_o about_o that_o which_o we_o do_v before_o we_o have_v consult_v and_o deliberate_v upon_o itinerant_a it_o and_o unto_o this_o as_o the_o reverend_a father_n ludovicus_n granatensis_n say_v five_a thing_n be_v necessary_o require_v first_o to_o commit_v all_o matter_n unto_o our_o lord_n and_o saviour_n christ_n jesus_n secondlie_o to_o perpend_v they_o with_o great_a attention_n and_o discretion_n not_o only_o mark_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n but_o also_o consider_v all_o the_o circumstance_n that_o belong_v unto_o it_o for_o if_o only_o one_o thing_n be_v want_v that_o one_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a to_o mar_v all_o and_o though_o it_o be_v thorough_o ponder_v full_o conclude_v and_o altogether_o perfect_a yet_o only_o the_o do_n of_o it_o out_o of_o time_n be_v enough_o to_o make_v a_o foul_a blemish_n in_o it_o three_o to_o take_v counsel_n for_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v without_o counsel_n very_o seldom_o have_v good_a success_n also_o to_o talk_v and_o confer_v with_o other_o about_o it_o but_o not_o with_o many_o only_o with_o such_o as_o be_v of_o sufficient_a wisdom_n and_o experience_n for_o though_o it_o be_v profitable_a to_o hear_v the_o opinion_n and_o mind_n of_o many_o to_o know_v the_o matter_n thorough_o yet_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v commit_v but_o to_o sue_v and_o those_o very_a select_a and_o choose_a man_n to_o be_v determine_v and_o conclude_v for_o if_o there_o be_v too_o many_o they_o may_v easy_o err_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n four_o to_o take_v time_n in_o deliberate_v upon_o the_o matter_n and_o let_v the_o counsel_n ripen_v a_o few_o day_n for_o as_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n we_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o man_n manner_n so_o be_v we_o also_o with_o counsel_n and_o determination_n and_o that_o which_o at_o the_o beginning_n like_v we_o very_o well_o afterward_o be_v well_o consider_v be_v altogether_o mislike_v five_o and_o last_o to_o take_v heed_n of_o four_o mother_n in_o law_n which_o the_o virtue_n prudence_n have_v which_o be_v overmuch_o rashness_n affection_n obstinacy_n or_o stiffness_n in_o opinion_n and_o show_v of_o vanity_n for_o overmuch_o rashness_n blind_v obstinacy_n shut_v the_o door_n against_o good_a counsel_n and_o show_v of_o vanity_n do_v soil_n and_o spot_n each_o thing_n that_o come_v near_o it_o franciscus_n de_fw-fr vallalobos_n say_v that_o into_o the_o chamber_n problemat_n of_o man_n understanding_n four_o perturbation_n enter_v to_o counsel_n first_o pride_n which_o show_v and_o present_v matter_n of_o honour_n then_o covetousness_n which_o do_v forecast_v what_o may_v be_v get_v by_o the_o victory_n and_o what_o profit_n may_v be_v reap_v thereby_o afterward_o anger_n and_o hatred_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o opinion_n and_o thought_n of_o these_o four_o perturbation_n reason_n be_v not_o hear_v and_o if_o it_o be_v hear_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o beléeve_v 10_o the_o six_o quality_n which_o king_n solomon_n will_v have_v 12._o counsellor_n to_o have_v be_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v wicked_a and_o vicious_a for_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o wicked_a be_v full_a of_o deceit_n and_o see_v that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n do_v lighten_v the_o understanding_n of_o man_n in_o their_o counsel_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v beléeve_v that_o he_o assi_v and_o help_v virtuous_a and_o good_a man_n show_v they_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v counsellor_n say_v s._n ambrose_n to_o be_v man_n officijs_fw-la of_o such_o doctrine_n and_o life_n that_o they_o may_v be_v a_o example_n to_o all_o they_o that_o take_v counsel_n of_o they_o for_o so_o they_o may_v have_v authority_n and_o credit_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o their_o life_n &_o manner_n will_v agree_v with_o the_o counsel_n which_o they_o give_v for_o no_o man_n will_v take_v the_o water_n which_o he_o mean_v to_o drink_v out_o of_o a_o unclean_a vessel_n and_o hardly_o can_v he_o give_v good_a counsel_n to_o other_o that_o take_v none_o for_o himself_o and_o whereas_o he_o may_v be_v virtuous_a and_o honest_a he_o be_v vicious_a and_o wicked_a 11_o the_o seven_o quality_n that_o a_o counsellor_n ought_v to_o have_v 27._o be_v that_o he_o be_v no_o stranger_n but_o a_o friend_n and_o one_o that_o be_v well_o know_v alcibiades_z willing_a to_o know_v who_o be_v his_o friend_n that_o stratage_n he_o may_v confer_v with_o he_o about_o his_o affair_n cause_v a_o image_n to_o be_v make_v of_o stone_n or_o some_o other_o thing_n and_o set_v it_o in_o his_o chamber_n but_o it_o be_v make_v in_o such_o order_n that_o one_o will_v have_v think_v it_o have_v be_v some_o dead_a body_n and_o then_o he_o call_v unto_o he_o those_o that_o profess_v themselves_o to_o be_v his_o friend_n and_o tell_v they_o each_o one_o a_o part_n in_o secrecy_n that_o he_o have_v kill_v a_o man_n and_o that_o he_o have_v he_o at_o home_n in_o his_o house_n and_o bring_v they_o unto_o the_o chamber_n where_o the_o image_n be_v he_o show_v it_o unto_o they_o request_v they_o to_o favour_v he_o so_o much_o as_o to_o take_v away_o the_o dead_a body_n and_o to_o hide_v it_o in_o their_o house_n that_o if_o he_o have_v be_v suspect_v for_o kill_v of_o the_o man_n and_o the_o officer_n have_v come_v to_o make_v search_n for_o the_o dead_a body_n it_o may_v not_o be_v find_v in_o his_o house_n but_o they_o all_o excuse_v themselves_o and_o refuse_v to_o do_v that_o which_o alcibiades_n request_v of_o they_o fear_v lest_o if_o the_o dead_a body_n have_v be_v find_v in_o their_o house_n they_o shall_v have_v be_v bring_v in_o trouble_n as_o accessary_n in_o that_o offence_n unto_o alcibiades_n only_o callias_n say_v unto_o he_o that_o he_o will_v take_v the_o dead_a body_n and_o keep_v it_o secret_o in_o some_o part_n of_o his_o house_n and_o that_o for_o his_o sake_n he_o will_v adventure_v what_o danger_n soever_o and_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o alcibiades_z take_v callias_n for_o a_o right_n true_a friend_n and_o say_v unto_o he_o that_o the_o same_o which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v a_o dead_a body_n be_v but_o a_o image_n which_o he_o have_v command_v to_o be_v make_v to_o try_v his_o friend_n in_o adversity_n a_o man_n may_v easy_o know_v who_o be_v his_o true_a and_o loyal_a friend_n julius_n caesar_n say_v that_o a_o man_n friend_n become_v â—_o enemy_n if_o fortune_n pursue_v he_o and_o justine_n say_v that_o where_o fortune_n do_v favour_n there_o man_n do_v fancy_n 12_o the_o eight_o quality_n that_o a_o counsellor_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v to_o be_v faithful_a in_o counsel_v &_o not_o to_o counsel_v any_o thing_n which_o 27_o be_v not_o good_a fredericus_fw-la furius_n say_v that_o a_o prince_n may_v learn_v reg._n whether_o y_o it_o his_o counsellor_n be_v faithful_a or_o no_o if_o he_o fain_o to_o ask_v counsel_n in_o thing_n that_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n say_v that_o though_o they_o be_v such_o yet_o for_o certain_a cause_n it_o concern_v his_o person_n to_o have_v they_o put_v in_o practice_n as_o for_o example_n if_o he_o will_v have_v they_o to_o break_v some_o important_a law_n or_o to_o weaken_v and_o diminish_v the_o liberty_n of_o some_o privilege_n or_o to_o ordain_v some_o excessive_a tribut_n or_o toll_n or_o some_o such_o other_o like_o thing_n and_o by_o their_o answer_n and_o determination_n may_v he_o in_o some_o sort_n gather_v how_o they_o be_v affect_v towards_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o emperor_n constantine_n desirous_a to_o know_v whether_o his_o noble_a man_n and_o counsellor_n be_v faithful_a 7._o he_o publish_v that_o all_o those_o that_o will_v leave_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o turn_v again_o to_o the_o worship_v of_o idol_n they_o may_v free_o do_v it_o and_o that_o he_o will_v nevertheless_o maintain_v they_o in_o his_o court_n and_o make_v account_n of_o they_o as_o of_o his_o friend_n heerupon_o some_o of_o they_o do_v forsake_v the_o faith_n of_o our_o redeemer_n and_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n and_o of_o christian_n become_v idolator_n which_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n perceive_v will_v not_o any_o long_o suffer_v
the_o people_n be_v great_o please_v with_o francknes_n and_o love_v liberality_n yea_o and_o admire_v it_o but_o the_o covetous_a man_n be_v always_o detest_a and_o abhor_v for_o he_o do_v all_o for_o money_n and_o to_o fulfil_v his_o greediness_n set_v all_o thing_n to_o sale_n nay_o he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o speak_v without_o interest_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o commit_v any_o treason_n whatsoever_o so_o he_o be_v no_o loose_a by_o it_o sallust_n write_v that_o jugurtha_n go_v out_o of_o rome_n say_v o_o city_n thou_o will_v soon_o be_v sell_v if_o thou_o have_v a_o chapman_n the_o counsellor_n of_o prince_n aught_o to_o take_v a_o pleasure_n in_o do_v well_o this_o virtue_n consist_v not_o in_o give_v of_o money_n or_o bestow_v any_o of_o their_o substance_n or_o riches_n as_o liberality_n do_v but_o in_o help_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o aid_v each_o member_n of_o it_o with_o good_a counsel_n admonish_v warn_a advertise_v praise_v and_o dispraise_v and_o favour_v by_o their_o authority_n and_o protection_n not_o only_o those_o that_o crave_v favour_n aid_n help_v or_o succour_v of_o they_o but_o those_o also_o that_o deserve_v it_o without_o ask_v counsellor_n ought_v also_o to_o be_v meek_a and_o gentle_a gracious_a in_o word_n courteous_a and_o sweet_a in_o language_n gentle_a in_o hear_v of_o all_o man_n great_a and_o small_a rich_a and_o poor_a and_o not_o to_o use_v slanderous_a speech_n and_o ill_a word_n unto_o they_o that_o speak_v unto_o they_o for_o many_o man_n be_v soon_o move_v to_o cast_v away_o themselves_o and_o lose_v life_n and_o good_n for_o a_o reproachful_a answer_n then_o for_o some_o heavy_a and_o great_a injury_n offer_v in_o other_o sort_n moreover_o a_o counsellor_n ought_v as_o it_o be_v to_o set_v open_a his_o door_n for_o all_o man_n to_o enter_v of_o what_o condition_n or_o kind_n soever_o and_o he_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v of_o great_a sufferance_n and_o patience_n in_o hear_v and_o give_v no_o man_n occasion_n to_o fall_v in_o desperation_n 23_o the_o counsellor_n of_o prince_n ought_v to_o be_v valiant_a this_o valiantness_n be_v not_o mean_v of_o strength_n and_o force_n of_o the_o body_n but_o of_o the_o inward_a fortitude_n and_o of_o the_o courage_n of_o the_o mind_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o man_n be_v call_v noble_a and_o heroical_a that_o be_v more_o than_o man_n as_o for_o the_o other_o corporal_a strength_n that_o be_v common_a orrena_n to_o many_o as_o to_o swash_v buckler_n roister_n and_o other_o rascal_n fellow_n that_o care_v not_o for_o their_o life_n and_o pass_v not_o if_o they_o sell_v it_o for_o a_o button_n a_o â—aliant_a man_n love_v the_o truth_n he_o be_v a_o enoyte_n unto_o leasing_n he_o can_v away_o with_o saucy_a fellow_n and_o scurrility_o he_o be_v grave_a &_o constant_a he_o be_v always_o of_o one_o temperature_n he_o hate_v the_o comiersation_n of_o babble_a and_o talkative_a person_n he_o speak_v free_o he_o speak_v graveâ—â—_n he_o show_v his_o mind_n unto_o his_o prince_n with_o as_o great_a liberty_n as_o he_o will_v do_v to_o any_o private_a person_n he_o can_v nor_o will_v not_o dissemble_v it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o a_o counsellor_n be_v valiant_a but_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a thate_o his_o valiantness_n be_v accompany_v with_o prudence_n for_o even_o as_o fear_n hinder_v one_o from_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v most_o honourable_a to_o his_o prince_n and_o profitable_a to_o his_o country_n so_o valiantness_n or_o courage_n of_o the_o mind_n if_o it_o be_v not_o moderate_v with_o prudence_n and_o judgement_n it_o do_v not_o permit_v a_o man_n to_o shun_v and_o eschew_v any_o danger_n and_o if_o prince_n have_v any_o need_n or_o necessity_n of_o man_n of_o good_a understanding_n and_o expert_a judgement_n to_o give_v counsel_n in_o matter_n concern_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o realm_n it_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n 11._o more_o profitable_a and_o far_o more_o expedient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o the_o prince_n have_v wary_a and_o circumspect_a counsellor_n supra_fw-la than_o such_o as_o be_v strong_a &_o valiant_a fredericus_fw-la furius_n say_v that_o the_o counsellor_n of_o a_o prince_n aught_o to_o be_v of_o a_o choleric_a or_o sanguine_a complexion_n and_o not_o of_o any_o other_o for_o they_o that_o be_v of_o this_o mixture_n and_o temperature_n be_v witty_a they_o have_v a_o notable_a memory_n they_o can_v discourse_v brave_o they_o have_v a_o excellent_a judgement_n they_o be_v just_a and_o upright_o they_o be_v love_v gentle_a in_o talk_n loyal_a beneficial_a and_o liberal_a honourable_a and_o sumptuous_a valiant_a and_o of_o noble_a courage_n their_o body_n be_v light_a and_o nimble_a and_o of_o a_o good_a temperature_n they_o that_o be_v melancholic_a as_o they_o be_v by_o nature_n sorrowful_a and_o of_o the_o self_n same_o complexion_n as_o the_o earth_n so_o they_o be_v rustical_a base_a and_o heavy_a scarce_o able_a to_o lift_v themselves_o one_o handful_n above_o the_o ground_n vain_a and_o delight_v in_o trifle_n enemy_n to_o noble_a thought_n malicious_a superstitious_a in_o so_o much_o that_o man_n of_o this_o complexion_n have_v waste_v and_o utter_o spoil_v all_o the_o region_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o world_n with_o their_o dream_n foolish_a imagination_n and_o vain_a vision_n they_o be_v wonderful_a superstitious_a and_o the_o more_o they_o grow_v in_o age_n the_o less_o they_o know_v they_o be_v very_a hatred_n itself_o and_o when_o they_o be_v anger_v straight_o without_o any_o occasion_n either_o they_o fall_v to_o blow_n or_o rattle_v out_o a_o thousand_o curse_n use_v all_o the_o injurious_a and_o slanderous_a word_n that_o ever_o be_v hear_v among_o man_n final_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a thing_n to_o see_v how_o wonderful_o all_o philosopher_n and_o such_o as_o study_v the_o speculation_n of_o astronomy_n detest_v and_o fly_v from_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o planet_n of_o saturn_n in_o so_o much_o that_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o tyaâ—…_n great_a appolonius_fw-la tyaneus_n find_v a_o melancholic_a person_n in_o the_o city_n of_o ephesus_n who_o with_o his_o presence_n only_o have_v corrupt_v the_o whole_a city_n and_o infect_v it_o with_o a_o great_a plague_n to_o conclude_v they_o that_o be_v of_o a_o melancholic_a complexion_n be_v dull_a and_o drowsy_a heavy_a unskilful_a unlearned_a and_o they_o have_v no_o one_o virtue_n in_o they_o that_o excel_v and_o all_o their_o quality_n be_v less_o than_o mean_a 24_o although_o the_o mellancholicke_a complexion_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o choleric_a and_o sanguine_a yet_o it_o be_v by_o many_o call_v ingeniorum_fw-la the_o heroical_a complexion_n because_o they_o that_o be_v of_o that_o complexion_n refuse_v not_o to_o tell_v the_o truth_n make_v no_o account_n of_o any_o danger_n at_o all_o and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o wine_n cause_v they_o that_o be_v drink_v to_o utter_v all_o what_o ever_o they_o think_v even_o so_o melancholy_n make_v they_o that_o be_v full_a of_o black_a choler_n to_o speak_v the_o truth_n and_o oftentime_o they_o divine_a &_o tell_v of_o thing_n to_o come_v there_o have_v be_v many_o excellent_a man_n as_o aristotle_n say_v that_o 1._o be_v melancholic_a and_o though_o those_o inclination_n be_v natural_a that_o cause_n the_o complexion_n in_o man_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o as_o those_o that_o study_n astrology_n say_v ordinance_n and_o decree_n of_o praetor_n inclinationes_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la edicta_fw-la praetorum_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v common_o say_v vir_fw-la sapiens_fw-la dominabitur_fw-la astris_fw-la every_o wise_a man_n may_v command_v the_o star_n and_o bear_v rule_n over_o they_o for_o though_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n incline_v to_o one_o thing_n or_o other_o yet_o can_v they_o not_o force_v man_n to_o it_o that_o be_v wise_a and_o circumspect_a and_o of_o judgement_n how_o to_o govern_v themselves_o no_o inclination_n of_o star_n or_o planet_n can_v force_v such_o man_n to_o do_v that_o which_o they_o will_v not_o nor_o take_v away_o from_o they_o &_o deprive_v they_o of_o the_o frée-will_a that_o god_n have_v give_v they_o as_o i_o have_v in_o more_o ample_a manner_n declare_v in_o my_o book_n de_fw-fr amore_fw-la divino_fw-la humano_fw-la &_o casto_n plutarch_n write_v apotheg_n that_o socrates_n be_v show_v to_o one_o that_o affirm_v he_o can_v judge_v of_o any_o man_n condition_n and_o wit_n by_o the_o physiognomy_n of_o his_o face_n who_o when_o he_o see_v socrates_n he_o say_v that_o he_o be_v dulheaded_a and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o very_a rude_a wit_n and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o great_a friend_n unto_o woman_n and_o that_o he_o do_v man_n great_a injury_n and_o that_o he_o be_v much_o give_v to_o wine_n and_o that_o he_o be_v very_o incontinent_a when_o socrates_n his_o friend_n hear_v this_o they_o become_v very_o angry_a with_o
point_n of_o 1._o wise_a man_n to_o give_v good_a counsel_n &_o not_o of_o those_o that_o be_v wealthy_a and_o the_o angel_n be_v demand_v by_o tobias_n of_o what_o tribe_n he_o 11._o be_v answer_v unto_o he_o do_v thou_o seek_v a_o stock_n or_o family_n or_o a_o hire_a man_n to_o go_v with_o thy_o son_n though_o the_o virtue_n of_o counsel_v well_o consist_v more_o in_o wisdom_n then_o in_o wealth_n or_o nobility_n yet_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o gentleman_n and_o rich_a man_n be_v common_o better_o bring_v uppe_o and_o instruct_v than_o other_o and_o that_o they_o do_v better_o understand_v and_o know_v what_o be_v belong_v to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o man_n of_o base_a lineage_n and_o small_a substance_n and_o to_o put_v the_o counsel_n and_o government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commonalty_n be_v to_o take_v the_o eye_n out_o of_o the_o head_n and_o place_v they_o in_o the_o tail_n as_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o snakâ—_n do_v whereby_o he_o burst_v his_o head_n for_o because_o the_o eye_n look_v over_o the_o whole_a body_n god_n 8._o place_v they_o in_o the_o head_n and_o not_o in_o the_o other_o inferior_a member_n see_v than_o that_o the_o rich_a man_n &_o noble_a man_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o regard_n over_o she_o counsel_v what_o be_v most_o profitable_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n and_o government_n of_o the_o same_o even_o as_o the_o eye_n look_v to_o the_o whole_a body_n the_o venetian_n admit_v not_o any_o of_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n into_o their_o counsel_n nor_o yet_o to_o the_o government_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n neither_o do_v they_o suffer_v any_o bastard_n to_o become_v counsellor_n unto_o the_o duke_n though_o they_o 62._o be_v make_v legitimate_a neither_o may_v they_o be_v create_v cardinal_n for_o these_o be_v the_o pope_n his_o counsellor_n yet_o prince_n common_o 2._o admit_v they_o unto_o their_o counsel_n and_o commit_v the_o administration_n of_o public_a affair_n unto_o thenr_n for_o in_o that_o they_o be_v bastard_n that_o take_v not_o from_o they_o the_o judgement_n and_o understanding_n which_o god_n have_v give_v they_o and_o there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a company_n of_o bastard_n that_o have_v be_v very_o excellent_a man_n and_o very_o profitable_a spurijs_fw-la to_o their_o commonweal_n as_o polietus_n larglie_o proove_v by_o many_o example_n no_o man_n ought_v to_o take_v counsel_n of_o those_o that_o may_v command_v he_o for_o than_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v that_o which_o they_o counsel_v he_o to_o do_v neither_o ought_v any_o man_n to_o take_v counsel_n of_o 8._o such_o man_n as_o take_v it_o in_o displeasure_n if_o man_n follow_v not_o their_o counsel_n think_v that_o he_o despise_v and_o contemn_v they_o that_o will_v commentario_fw-la not_o do_v as_o they_o counsel_v he_o but_o these_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v term_v master_n then_o counsellor_n for_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o counsel_n that_o he_o who_o ask_v it_o may_v take_v it_o or_o leave_v it_o and_o of_o dominion_n or_o signory_n to_o obey_v and_o do_v that_o which_o be_v command_v 27_o prince_n ought_v to_o make_v election_n of_o counsellor_n out_o of_o those_o nation_n which_o they_o govern_v for_o they_o that_o be_v natural_o bear_v in_o those_o province_n be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o y_z e_z estate_n of_o their_o country_n than_o stranger_n be_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n s._n 20._o bernard_n say_v that_o the_o cardinal_n who_o be_v counsellor_n unto_o the_o pope_n aught_o to_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o all_o nation_n the_o civil_a law_n ordain_v that_o they_o which_o be_v of_o the_o counsel-house_n shall_v not_o leave_v their_o own_o country_n for_o they_o as_o gometius_n say_v know_v and_o understand_v the_o affair_n of_o their_o country_n better_o they_o stranger_n aristotle_n say_v that_o some_o commonweal_n ordain_v and_o decree_v that_o none_o such_o as_o have_v their_o live_n and_o possession_n in_o the_o border_n of_o their_o enemy_n country_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o counsel_n for_o such_o person_n fear_v to_o loose_v their_o good_n will_v not_o counsel_v that_o which_o be_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n some_o will_v have_v that_o the_o counsellor_n of_o a_o prince_n shall_v have_v all_o their_o live_n within_o the_o territory_n and_o lordship_n of_o the_o prince_n who_o they_o serve_v for_o then_o they_o fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v loose_v they_o if_o they_o counsel_v ill_a or_o otherwise_o offend_v their_o prince_n and_o have_v no_o foreign_a place_n to_o flee_v to_o they_o be_v more_o careful_a of_o their_o charge_n and_o duty_n towards_o their_o prince_n it_o concern_v every_o prince_n to_o have_v such_o person_n in_o his_o service_n as_o put_v all_o their_o hope_n in_o he_o and_o altogether_o depend_v upon_o he_o that_o even_o as_o those_o which_o pass_v over_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o ship_n look_v unto_o the_o same_o ship_n lest_o they_o shall_v loose_v their_o own_o life_n and_o substance_n so_o they_o that_o counsel_v prince_n if_o their_o life_n and_o all_o their_o live_n consist_v in_o the_o prince_n his_o welfare_n they_o will_v give_v he_o counsel_v with_o great_a diligence_n &_o care_n for_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v like_o ship_n and_o vessel_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o they_o be_v carry_v that_o live_v in_o they_o and_o by_o this_o mean_n will_v the_o counsellor_n take_v more_o heed_n of_o the_o public_a profit_n and_o counsel_n that_o which_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n see_v that_o their_o life_n and_o substance_n depend_v upon_o that_o prince_n his_o safety_n who_o counsellor_n they_o be_v and_o that_o if_o the_o prince_n decay_n they_o must_v fall_v to_o decay_v also_o if_o the_o counsellor_n of_o prince_n have_v any_o land_n or_o live_n in_o those_o country_n against_o which_o their_o lord_n will_v wage_v war_n they_o ought_v to_o renounce_v they_o imitate_v the_o great_a captain_n goncalo_n hernando_n de_fw-fr cordova_n who_o before_o he_o hernan_n make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n be_v command_v by_o the_o catholic_n king_n don_n hernando_n to_o do_v it_o resign_v all_o y_z e_z land_n title_n and_o estate_n he_o have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n some_o brave_a and_o noble_a captain_n give_v their_o good_n unto_o the_o common_a wealth_n because_o the_o enemy_n command_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v cry_v through_o all_o their_o camp_n that_o no_o one_o shall_v do_v any_o hurt_n or_o damage_n to_o the_o possession_n of_o those_o captain_n against_o who_o they_o war_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o make_v that_o the_o commonweal_n unto_o who_o those_o captain_n serve_v shall_v not_o trust_v they_o as_o i_o write_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o book_n which_o i_o compile_v of_o military_a discipline_n statutorum_fw-la 28_o the_o private_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spayneâ—aie_n â—aie_z that_o the_o counsellor_n of_o the_o prince_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o good_a wit_n and_o judgement_n and_o learned_a and_o ancient_a man_n for_o prudence_n wisdom_n and_o authority_n and_o experience_n of_o all_o matter_n consist_v in_o continuance_n of_o time_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o man_n as_o fear_n god_n and_o be_v alienate_v from_o all_o covetousness_n and_o greediness_n and_o such_o as_o love_v to_o serve_v their_o prince_n and_o seek_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a how_o to_o further_a their_o country_n each_o prince_n that_o make_v choice_n of_o counsellor_n to_o be_v counsel_v by_o they_o aught_o to_o consider_v that_o nature_n bring_v forth_o three_o sort_n of_o man_n as_o hesiodus_n say_v hesiodj_n whereof_o the_o one_o sort_n be_v of_o they_o that_o through_o their_o own_o natural_a inclination_n perceive_v and_o know_v what_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o administration_n and_o government_n of_o matter_n and_o that_o which_o they_o judge_v they_o put_v it_o in_o ure_n without_o the_o advisement_n teach_v or_o help_v of_o any_o other_o person_n at_o all_o this_o state_n of_o man_n be_v the_o chief_a &_o principal_a among_o all_o other_o and_o such_o man_n seem_v to_o be_v send_v by_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n to_o the_o profit_n welfare_n and_o conservation_n of_o man_n estate_n the_o other_o sort_n of_o man_n be_v of_o such_o person_n as_o of_o their_o own_o natural_a inclination_n can_v themselves_o judge_v what_o be_v convenient_a for_o they_o to_o order_n and_o dispose_v those_o affair_n well_o that_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o government_n but_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o such_o a_o natural_a kind_n of_o goodness_n that_o they_o willing_o learn_v of_o other_o that_o be_v wise_a than_o themselves_o and_o obey_v they_o that_o give_v they_o good_a counsel_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v of_o those_o person_n that_o neither_o know_v
greatness_n and_o excellency_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o rome_n for_o in_o it_o be_v not_o only_o many_o noble_a and_o famous_a captain_n with_o those_o crown_n on_o their_o head_n with_o which_o they_o triumph_v because_o they_o have_v valiant_o overcome_v their_o enemy_n and_o subdue_v many_o prince_n to_o the_o empire_n of_o rome_n but_o also_o many_o ancient_a person_n of_o great_a authority_n &_o estimation_n wonderful_o exercise_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n 5_o those_o ordinance_n and_o law_n that_o be_v make_v at_o the_o discursibus_fw-la first_o beginning_n of_o the_o common-wealthy_a when_o man_n be_v good_a afterward_o whenanen_n become_v wicked_a serve_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o the_o law_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o accident_n that_o happen_v in_o the_o city_n but_o the_o ordinance_n be_v very_o seldom_o alter_v and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o good_a law_n suffice_v not_o because_o the_o ordinance_n remain_v stable_n and_o inviolable_a do_v disannul_v they_o there_o be_v in_o rome_n the_o ordinance_n of_o government_n or_o rather_o of_o estate_n and_o after_o ward_v the_o law_n and_o office_n with_o which_o they_o bridle_v the_o citizen_n the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o ostate_n be_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o tribune_n for_o so_o the_o protector_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v call_v in_o rome_n and_o of_o the_o consul_n and_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n and_o order_n how_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v ordain_v which_o ordinance_n be_v not_o change_v or_o alâ—â—eb_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o accident_n that_o may_v chance_v but_o she_o law_n which_o keep_v the_o citizen_n in_o obedience_n they_o be_v alter_v as_o the_o law_n which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o constraint_n of_o adultery_n of_o excessive_a expense_n and_o ambition_n and_o many_o other_o law_n aceord_v as_o the_o people_n daily_o grow_v to_o be_v more_o &_o more_o wich_v and_o vicious_a but_o because_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o estate_n which_o the_o people_n be_v corrupt_v be_v not_o good_a do_v remain_v inviolable_a those_o law_n which_o be_v renew_a do_v not_o suffice_v to_o keep_v the_o people_n from_o wickedness_n but_o they_o may_v have_v doone-much_a good_a if_o the_o ordinance_n have_v be_v renew_a with_o the_o law_n 6_o we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o have_v the_o ordinance_n remain_v stable_a and_o inviolable_a when_o as_o the_o citizen_n wear_v wicked_a by_o two_o principal_a thing_n the_o one_o touch_v the_o election_n of_o officer_n and_o ordain_v of_o magistrate_n the_o other_o touch_v the_o establish_n of_o law_n there_o be_v a_o ordinance_n in_o rome_n that_o none_o may_v be_v consul_n or_o bear_v any_o other_o great_a office_n in_o the_o city_n save_v those_o citizen_n that_o do_v stand_v for_o the_o office_n and_o make_v suit_n for_o it_o this_o ordinance_n at_o the_o beginning_n be_v very_o good_a for_o then_o no_o citizen_n sue_v or_o seek_v to_o bear_v office_n but_o such_o as_o think_v that_o they_o do_v deserve_v to_o be_v in_o authority_n and_o they_o take_v it_o for_o a_o great_a diseredit_n to_o have_v the_o repulse_n and_o therefore_o every_o one_o because_o they_o will_v be_v judge_v and_o account_v worthy_a of_o that_o dignity_n endeavour_v to_o be_v virtuous_a but_o after_o ward_n this_o ordinance_n become_v very_o harmful_a and_o pernicious_a for_o they_o that_o be_v most_o mighty_a not_o most_o virtuous_a sue_v for_o the_o dignity_n &_o they_o that_o be_v not_o mighty_a though_o virtuous_a for_o fear_n dare_v not_o stand_v for_o the_o office_n to_o this_o inconvenience_n come_v it_o though_o not_o in_o a_o moment_n yet_o in_o continuance_n and_o tract_n of_o time_n as_o all_o other_o inconvenience_n use_v to_o happen_v for_o the_o roman_n have_v subdue_v all_o africa_n and_o asia_n and_o bring_v almost_o all_o greece_n under_o their_o subjection_n assure_v themselves_o of_o liberty_n and_o think_v not_o that_o they_o have_v any_o enemy_n who_o they_o need_v to_o fear_v with_o security_n of_o they_o and_o weakness_n of_o their_o enemy_n cause_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o election_n of_o their_o consul_n not_o to_o respect_v virtue_n but_o favour_n so_o that_o those_o be_v place_v in_o that_o dignity_n that_o wist_v better_o how_o to_o entertain_v their_o friend_n then_o to_o encounter_v with_o their_o enemy_n and_o after_o that_o they_o which_o be_v most_o gracious_a have_v a_o pretty_a while_n bear_v the_o office_n than_o they_o which_o be_v mighty_a and_o can_v prevail_v most_o be_v elect_v to_o be_v head_n officer_n so_o that_o honest_a and_o virtuous_a man_n by_o the_o defect_n of_o such_o a_o ordinance_n be_v altogether_o exclude_v from_o the_o dignity_n and_o prebeminence_n which_o chief_o appertain_v unto_o they_o 7_o therefore_o to_o the_o end_n that_o a_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v maintain_v in_o her_o wont_a liberty_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o new_a ordinance_n be_v make_v to_o remedy_v that_o which_o the_o malice_n of_o man_n both_o corrupt_v for_o little_a profit_n the_o law_n when_o the_o whole_a subject_n and_o body_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o commonweal_n be_v so_o much_o disorder_v that_o they_o can_v possible_o set_v it_o in_o order_n again_o some_o say_v it_o be_v well_o nigh_o impossible_a that_o all_o ordinance_n shall_v be_v change_v for_o if_o they_o will_v disannul_v they_o by_o little_a and_o little_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o some_o wise_a man_n that_o forsee_v and_o perceive_v what_o inconvenience_n may_v happen_v by_o reason_n of_o such_o like_a ordinance_n and_o those_o man_n that_o be_v accustom_v to_o live_v after_o one_o manner_n and_o order_n will_v not_o alter_v that_o ordinance_n especial_o because_o they_o perceive_v not_o the_o discommodity_n thereof_o unless_o it_o be_v show_v unto_o they_o by_o apparent_a conjecture_n moreover_o if_o they_o will_v go_v about_o to_o repair_v the_o ordinance_n all_o in_o a_o moment_n yet_o albeit_o every_o one_o esteem_v they_o to_o be_v naught_o that_o yet_o will_v it_o be_v very_o hardly_o bring_v to_o pass_v for_o to_o use_v ordinary_a mean_n see_v they_o be_v naught_o be_v not_o enough_o but_o it_o be_v necessaire_fw-fr that_o he_o shall_v come_v at_o last_o to_o extraordinary_a mean_n to_o wit_n violence_n and_o arm_n and_o before_o any_o other_o thing_n to_o make_v himself_o chief_a of_o that_o city_n that_o he_o may_v change_v all_o thing_n at_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o to_o establish_v his_o law_n and_o ordinance_n it_o be_v necessary_a he_o shall_v have_v authority_n to_o suppress_v they_o that_o through_o envy_n propose_v themselves_o to_o gainsay_v &_o contrary_n they_o for_o no_o man_n can_v hope_v that_o tract_n of_o time_n may_v confirm_v they_o and_o his_o virtue_n and_o honesty_n that_o bring_v they_o in_o suffice_v not_o and_o as_o for_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v variable_a and_o wickedness_n and_o mischief_n will_v not_o be_v appease_v by_o any_o gift_n or_o good_a turn_n according_a to_o that_o improbitas_fw-la nullo_fw-la flectitur_fw-la officio_fw-la a_o knavish_a mind_a man_n reform_v no_o duty_n can_v moses_n slay_v many_o man_n which_o for_o envy_n and_o hatred_n rise_v up_o 25._o against_o he_o and_o will_v not_o have_v that_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n which_o he_o publish_v shall_v go_v forwards_o to_o conclude_v because_o it_o be_v necessary_o require_v in_o the_o mutation_n or_o rather_o reformation_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o a_o good_a man_n and_o because_o it_o be_v presuppose_v that_o he_o which_o make_v himself_o prince_n by_o force_n &_o violence_n be_v a_o wicked_a man_n it_o chance_v very_o seldom_o that_o a_o good_a man_n will_v make_v himself_o prince_n by_o ill_a mean_n though_o his_o intent_n be_v good_a or_o that_o a_o naughty_a and_o exercuit_fw-la wicked_a man_n after_o he_o be_v make_v prince_n will_v use_v that_o authority_n well_o which_o he_o have_v obtain_v by_o ill_a uteane_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o commonweal_n be_v reduce_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o a_o kingdom_n 8_o all_o this_o discourse_n which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o machiavelli_n be_v ground_v upon_o this_o that_o in_o those_o commonweal_n that_o be_v rule_v and_o govern_v by_o many_o they_o that_o rule_n and_o govern_v they_o do_v very_o hardly_o agree_v one_o with_o another_o in_o keep_v and_o alter_v the_o old_a and_o ancient_a custony_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o hold_n in_o those_o commonweal_n that_o be_v weak_a and_o govern_v by_o the_o counsel_n of_o many_o who_o though_o the_o inconvenience_n be_v most_o manifest_a and_o notorious_a yet_o through_o their_o natural_a imbecility_n they_o know_v not_o nor_o can_v tell_v how_o to_o repair_v they_o but_o those_o commonweal_n that_o can_v renew_v the_o
old_a rite_n and_o custom_n can_v as_o well_o annihilate_v and_o disannul_v those_o 89_o that_o be_v both_o bad_a and_o hurtful_a and_o as_o physician_n when_o they_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o disease_n they_o take_v they_o away_o first_o and_o afterward_o very_o easy_o cure_v their_o patient_n so_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o they_o which_o gonerne_n commonweal_n shall_v as_o a_o necessary_a remedy_n execute_v punishment_n on_o offender_n when_o man_n live_v so_o corruptlie_o and_o wicked_o that_o those_o ordinance_n which_o at_o the_o first_o be_v good_a &_o holy_a can_v be_v innovate_v without_o bloodshed_n and_o fire_n which_o be_v the_o remedy_n with_o which_o god_n do_v cure_v the_o vice_n of_o menâ—_n as_o physician_n when_o purge_v and_o let_v of_o blood_n suffice_v not_o use_v sear_v to_o cure_v the_o disease_n they_o therefore_o that_o govern_v commonweal_n ought_v dilligentlie_o to_o search_v out_o whether_o the_o dissolutnes_n of_o man_n manner_n spring_v hereof_o that_o the_o accustom_a law_n be_v not_o good_a and_o profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n better_a to_o repair_v they_o by_o add_v change_v or_o diminish_v then_o by_o altogether_o destroy_v they_o but_o if_o humane_a malice_n have_v so_o corrupt_v they_o that_o they_o can_v be_v better_v but_o by_o banishment_n confiscation_n of_o good_n kill_v or_o burn_v then_o must_v the_o verte_a 6._o uttermost_a and_o last_o remedy_n take_v place_n as_o the_o physician_n do_v in_o those_o disease_n that_o can_v be_v otherwise_o cure_v as_o i_o have_v declare_v more_o at_o large_a in_o my_o book_n of_o policy_n or_o commonweal_n 9_o a_o uenotian_n gentleman_n nant_v bernardus_n campellus_n 45._o will_v have_v have_v a_o law_n publish_v and_o proclaim_v that_o none_o shall_v have_v be_v choose_v to_o bear_v office_n in_o the_o commonweal_n which_o have_v be_v in_o office_n the_o year_n immediate_o before_o but_o that_o some_o year_n shall_v have_v be_v interiect_v before_o he_o shall_v be_v elect_v again_o he_o be_v move_v no_o doubt_n to_o think_v upon_o such_o a_o law_n because_o he_o see_v that_o the_o same_o person_n remain_v so_o many_o year_n together_o in_o their_o office_n many_o other_o gentleman_n that_o may_v as_o well_o have_v be_v serviceable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o government_n and_o he_o imagine_v it_o not_o expedient_a for_o the_o safety_n and_o commodity_n thereof_o that_o the_o office_n belong_v thereunto_o shall_v be_v bestow_v but_o upon_o a_o few_o citizen_n which_o may_v stand_v she_o in_o steed_n but_o these_o reason_n which_o bernard_n campellus_n allege_v to_o persuade_v the_o lord_n of_o venice_n to_o bring_v in_o the_o law_n which_o permit_v none_o to_o continue_v in_o office_n séen_v not_o to_o be_v so_o requisite_a as_o that_o the_o former_a ordinauncés_fw-fr shall_v be_v cancel_v by_o reason_n of_o they_o and_o they_o that_o be_v of_o the_o counsel_n of_o ten_o will_v not_o consent_v that_o such_o a_o law_n shall_v be_v propose_v in_o y_z e_z senate_n for_o they_o think_v it_o will_v be_v hurtful_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o alter_v and_o abrogate_v those_o law_n whereby_o their_o predecessor_n be_v man_n of_o great_a prudence_n and_o singular_a wisdom_n have_v long_o time_n before_o govern_v and_o maintain_v it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o expedient_a to_o innovate_v those_o ordinance_n which_o be_v belong_v to_o the_o estate_n because_o man_n be_v natural_o give_v to_o innovation_n and_o oftentimes_o do_v choose_v the_o warst_o if_o that_o they_o shall_v once_o permit_v the_o ancient_a ordinance_n to_o be_v alter_v &_o innovate_v the_o commonwealth_n shall_v never_o be_v free_a from_o faction_n and_o dissension_n and_o because_o albeit_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o have_v the_o office_n continue_v still_o with_o the_o selfsame_o person_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o when_o there_o be_v many_o man_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v in_o as_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n as_o those_o few_o that_o bear_v office_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n though_o they_o will_v hurt_v and_o endamage_v the_o commonwealth_n they_o can_v not_o and_o though_o they_o that_o be_v choose_v be_v but_o few_o yet_o they_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o many_o and_o the_o great_a company_n may_v more_o easy_o withstand_v the_o less_o 10_o though_o the_o counsel_n of_o ten_o in_o venice_n permit_v not_o this_o law_n to_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o senate_n which_o bernarde_n campello_n will_v fain_o have_v bring_v in_o yet_o can_v no_o man_n deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v more_o profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o have_v 15._o many_o to_o bear_v such_o office_n and_o enjoy_v such_o dignity_n as_o be_v in_o the_o commonwealth_n then_o but_o a_o few_o for_o when_o a_o few_o have_v all_o the_o authority_n and_o they_o only_o be_v in_o power_n and_o dignity_n those_o few_o if_o they_o continue_v in_o office_n may_v easy_o tyrannize_v over_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o there_o remain_v many_o man_n which_o do_v the_o commonwealth_n no_o service_n whereas_o they_o may_v stand_v she_o in_o great_a steed_n so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o expedient_a that_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o many_o and_o that_o every_o one_o upon_o hope_n to_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o government_n shall_v endeavour_n to_o be_v virtuous_a and_o live_v honest_o and_o decent_o notwithstanding_o the_o danger_n that_o may_v ensue_v by_o beginning_n to_o innovate_v and_o abroagate_v the_o law_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o when_o as_o the_o profit_n which_o be_v to_o follow_v be_v manifest_o and_o sure_o know_v to_o be_v great_a than_o the_o hurt_n which_o be_v fear_v that_o will_v enâ—ue_v then_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o commonweal_n aught_o to_o â—brogate_v they_o and_o place_v other_o in_o their_o steed_n for_o the_o end_n for_o which_o all_o law_n be_v make_v as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v the_o public_a commodity_n &_o profit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n salus_fw-la publica_fw-la suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la and_o they_o that_o do_v not_o so_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o governor_n in_o a_o est_fw-la certain_a place_n in_o spain_n who_o consult_v whether_o they_o shall_v wall_n a_o certain_a well_o about_o in_o which_o many_o child_n have_v be_v drown_v the_o elder_n of_o the_o counsel_n will_v not_o consent_v unto_o it_o because_o their_o predecessor_n have_v many_o year_n use_v to_o fetch_v water_n out_o of_o that_o well_o though_o it_o be_v not_o wall_v about_o therefore_o the_o counsellor_n of_o prince_n aught_o to_o consider_v whether_o it_o be_v better_a for_o they_o to_o change_v the_o ordinance_n or_o to_o let_v they_o remain_v as_o they_o be_v or_o altogether_o to_o disannul_v they_o and_o if_o they_o do_v change_n preâ—â—â—t_fw-la and_o alter_v they_o they_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o attribute_v the_o name_n of_o the_o old_a unto_o the_o new_a for_o the_o people_n oftentimes_o be_v more_o move_v with_o the_o name_n of_o thing_n then_o with_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o that_o alter_v and_o reform_v ancient_a ordinance_n aught_o to_o keep_v still_o the_o name_n shadow_n and_o similitude_n of_o the_o old_a ordinance_n that_o y_o e_o people_n perceive_v not_o that_o they_o be_v change_v though_o the_o new_a be_v altogether_o different_a from_o the_o old_a for_o man_n be_v deceive_v with_o the_o show_n of_o thing_n and_o think_v it_o to_o be_v sâ—_n in_o deed_n and_o many_o time_n they_o be_v more_o move_v with_o that_o which_o only_o seem_v to_o be_v then_o with_o the_o thing_n itself_o final_o as_o the_o physician_n when_o they_o cure_v any_o disease_n they_o vary_v and_o change_v the_o diet_n and_o physic_n which_o they_o minister_v unto_o the_o sick_a according_a as_o it_o do_v they_o good_a or_o harm_n so_o they_o unto_o who_o the_o government_n of_o commonweal_n be_v commit_v aught_o to_o leave_v oâ—_n change_v the_o ordinance_n and_o law_n according_a as_o they_o be_v profitable_a or_o hurtful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o as_o the_o physician_n apply_v their_o medicine_n &_o remedy_n to_o the_o disease_n so_o they_o that_o govern_v commonweal_n aught_o to_o punish_v and_o chastise_v the_o offender_n and_o transgressor_n of_o the_o law_n both_o with_o money_n and_o corporal_a pain_n and_o for_o to_o remedy_v the_o inconvenience_n and_o harm_n that_o be_v in_o a_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o change_v the_o governor_n of_o it_o and_o choose_v other_o if_o the_o fault_n procee_v not_o from_o they_o and_o as_o the_o ague_n be_v not_o drive_v away_o by_o change_v of_o the_o physician_n only_o unless_o other_o be_v find_v that_o be_v more_o skilful_a and_o know_v better_o how_o to_o cure_v it_o then_o the_o first_o so_o the_o vice_n &_o
office_n and_o be_v consul_n a_o other_o yeeere_a but_o lucius_n quintius_n contrary_v the_o senate_n in_o that_o say_v that_o naughty_a example_n ought_v to_o be_v shun_v &_o not_o multiply_v and_o increase_v with_o another_o far_o worse_a example_n and_o demosthenes_n will_v have_v they_o to_o choose_v new_a consul_n last_o commonweal_n perish_v and_o decay_v if_o they_o that_o bear_v rule_n over_o they_o be_v young_a man_n little_o experience_v in_o government_n and_o the_o people_n that_o live_v in_o they_o be_v very_o scotfree_a for_o it_o be_v natural_a unto_o they_o to_o be_v careless_a negligent_a and_o vicious_a if_o they_o be_v wealthy_a and_o unless_o necessity_n urge_v they_o to_o labour_n they_o will_v never_o take_v pain_n final_o counsellor_n of_o prince_n ought_v to_o consider_v that_o common_o 23._o six_o thing_n cause_n commonweal_n to_o decay_v the_o first_o and_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v contempt_n when_o man_n be_v little_o account_v or_o esteem_v of_o the_o second_o be_v covetousness_n or_o inordinate_a desire_n of_o other_o man_n good_n the_o three_o be_v inordinate_a delectation_n in_o worldly_a thing_n when_o man_n will_v fulfil_v their_o pleasure_n and_o do_v all_o thing_n according_a to_o their_o own_o will_n the_o four_o be_v disobedience_n when_o man_n transgress_v the_o law_n wilful_o the_o five_o be_v cruelty_n when_o they_o jugurtham_n that_o bear_v rule_v exercise_v tyranny_n and_o the_o sixth_o and_o last_o be_v want_n of_o friend_n when_o man_n have_v not_o friend_n to_o give_v they_o counsel_n the_o seventeenth_o discourse_n how_o and_o wherewith_o commonweal_n be_v increase_v common_a weal_n be_v make_v big_a and_o great_a three_o manner_n discur_n of_o way_n the_o first_o be_v by_o manner_n of_o league_n or_o alliance_n to_o be_v in_o league_n with_o diverse_a other_o commonweal_n which_o all_o of_o they_o be_v one_o as_o rich_a as_o mighty_a and_o as_o great_a as_o a_o other_o and_o in_o all_o point_v equal_a so_o that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v any_o advantage_n of_o the_o other_o and_o when_o any_o of_o they_o conquer_v any_o place_n they_o make_v the_o rest_n partaker_n of_o the_o conquest_n as_o the_o suicer_n do_v in_o heluecia_n and_o as_o the_o aguei_n and_o ethoti_n do_v in_o greece_n the_o second_o manner_n to_o augment_v commonweal_n be_v also_o by_o way_n of_o alliance_n but_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o they_o have_v the_o chief_a authority_n rule_n and_o government_n and_o the_o title_n of_o all_o the_o enterprise_n this_o manner_n be_v the_o best_a and_o be_v use_v of_o the_o roman_n for_o they_o keep_v the_o imperial_a seat_n and_o title_n of_o command_n to_o themselves_o their_o alliant_o deprive_v of_o all_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o themselves_o by_o their_o own_o sweat_n and_o blood_n become_v subject_a unto_o they_o see_v they_o be_v compass_v about_o and_o oppress_v on_o the_o sudden_a by_o such_o a_o mighty_a city_n as_o rome_n be_v and_o of_o alliant_o and_o companion_n become_v subject_n and_o bondman_n not_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v increase_v augment_v and_o advance_v the_o roman_a empire_n with_o their_o own_o force_n the_o three_o and_o last_o manner_n for_o commonweal_n to_o be_v augment_v and_o enlarge_v be_v to_o make_v they_o who_o they_o overcome_v not_o fellow_n but_o subject_n as_o the_o spartan_n do_v but_o of_o all_o three_o this_o be_v least_o profitable_a if_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v and_o govern_v those_o city_n which_o they_o conquer_v for_o it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o he_o that_o conquer_v a_o empire_n and_o force_n withal_o become_v mighty_a but_o he_o that_o atchive_v a_o empire_n without_o force_n must_v needs_o decay_v the_o roman_n to_o augment_v their_o commonwealth_n do_v imitate_v they_o that_o prune_v tree_n who_o to_o make_v a_o tree_n grow_v and_o bring_v forth_o fruit_n in_o time_n do_v cut_v off_o the_o first_o bough_n that_o the_o virtue_n of_o that_o plant_n may_v remain_v in_o the_o stem_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o green_a and_o more_o fruitful_a bough_n may_v spring_v out_o of_o it_o and_o that_o this_o manner_n to_o enlarge_v a_o empire_n or_o dominion_n be_v good_a and_o necessaire_fw-fr may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o example_n of_o sparta_n and_o athens_n which_o be_v two_o commonweal_n very_o strong_a mighty_a well_o arm_v and_o establish_v with_o most_o excellent_a and_o perfect_a law_n can_v never_o reach_v or_o attain_v to_o that_o greatness_n unto_o which_o the_o empire_n of_o rome_n be_v advance_v and_o yet_o do_v rome_n seem_v to_o be_v more_o full_a of_o disorder_a and_o seditsous_a trouble_n and_o contention_n yea_o and_o nothing_o settle_v in_o such_o good_a order_n and_o fashion_n as_o those_o two_o other_o commonweal_n sparta_n and_o athens_n whereof_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v allege_v then_o that_o which_o be_v already_o give_v for_o rome_n because_o it_o have_v augment_v the_o body_n of_o the_o city_n by_o those_o two_o way_n which_o we_o have_v show_v can_v gather_v together_o eight_o &_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n for_o their_o defence_n and_o sparta_n and_o athens_n never_o can_v go_v beyond_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o thousand_o each_o of_o they_o and_o this_o come_v not_o because_o rome_n be_v situate_v in_o a_o better_a place_n than_o sparta_n or_o athens_n but_o by_o reason_n that_o a_o different_a kind_n of_o proceed_v be_v use_v in_o the_o erect_n and_o establish_v of_o those_o commonweal_n for_o lycurgus_n the_o first_o founder_n of_o the_o spartan_a commonwealth_n think_v that_o nothing_o can_v so_o easy_o innovate_v or_o abrogate_v his_o law_n as_o the_o mixture_n and_o confusion_n of_o new_a inhabitant_n he_o bethink_v himself_o all_o mean_n possible_a how_o he_o may_v bring_v to_o pass_v that_o no_o stranger_n shall_v come_v to_o dwell_v in_o sparta_n or_o be_v conversant_a in_o it_o and_o therefore_o he_o ordain_v that_o in_o his_o commonweal_n no_o money_n shall_v be_v use_v but_o of_o copper_n because_o no_o man_n shall_v have_v any_o mind_n to_o come_v and_o dwell_v in_o that_o city_n or_o to_o bring_v any_o merchandise_n or_o ware_n thither_o from_o fortaine_a country_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o company_n of_o the_o citizen_n can_v never_o be_v increase_v and_o because_o all_o our_o action_n imitate_v nature_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o little_a thin_a stock_n shall_v support_v or_o hold_v up_o a_o great_a thick_a branch_n therefore_o a_o small_a and_o weak_a commonwealth_n can_v overcome_v and_o vanquish_v great_a and_o mighty_a city_n and_o kingdom_n that_o be_v more_o puissant_a and_o strong_a than_o it_o be_v and_o if_o it_o do_v conquer_v any_o than_o it_o fare_v with_o it_o as_o it_o do_v with_o thin_a and_o small_a siemm_n that_o have_v gross_a bough_n &_o branch_n so_o that_o the_o small_a wind_n that_o be_v do_v blow_v they_o down_o and_o overturn_v they_o as_o it_o happen_v with_o sparta_n which_o have_v take_v all_o the_o city_n of_o grecce_n by_o force_n thebes_n no_o soon_o rebel_v but_o all_o the_o other_o city_n do_v rise_v with_o they_o against_o she_o and_o so_o the_o stock_n remain_v without_o branch_n which_o thing_n can_v not_o befall_v on_o rome_n because_o the_o stock_n be_v so_o gross_a that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v uppe_o and_o to_o support_v the_o weight_n of_o any_o branch_n 5_o commonweal_n be_v also_o augment_v by_o favour_v the_o inhabitans_fw-la for_o when_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o they_o may_v live_v free_o out_o of_o bondage_n and_o be_v master_n and_o lord_n of_o their_o own_o substance_n and_o such_o good_n as_o they_o get_v by_o their_o labour_n and_o travail_n they_o multiply_v and_o increase_v their_o riches_n as_o well_o in_o husbandry_n and_o tillage_n as_o in_o art_n handicraft_n trade_n and_o merchandise_n for_o every_o one_o do_v with_o a_o good_a will_n increase_n and_o heap_v uppe_o those_o good_n which_o he_o hope_v that_o he_o may_v enjoy_v after_o he_o have_v get_v they_o and_o by_o this_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n so_o earnest_o strive_v and_o contend_v one_o with_o a_o other_o who_o may_v best_a regard_n both_o his_o own_o commodity_n &_o the_o public_a profit_n also_o but_o contrarilie_o in_o those_o country_n and_o province_n that_o be_v oppress_v with_o over_o many_o tribute_n and_o overcharge_v with_o excessive_a tol_n the_o people_n think_v upon_o nothing_o but_o how_o they_o may_v live_v idle_a and_o 205._o make_v good_a cheer_n upon_o the_o king_n cost_n the_o ethiopian_n have_v much_o fruitful_a land_n which_o may_v bring_v forth_o a_o wonderful_a deal_n of_o excellent_a fruit_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o excessive_a tol_n and_o unreasonable_a tribute_n which_o they_o pay_v they_o will_v not_o take_v pain_n to_o labour_n and_o husband_n more_o
that_o those_o commonweal_n which_o be_v most_o like_a to_o his_o idea_n be_v the_o best_a and_o that_o those_o which_o do_v less_o resemble_v it_o be_v not_o so_o good_a though_o aristotle_n est_fw-la reprehend_v he_o say_v that_o the_o corrupt_a commonweal_n be_v not_o better_o some_o than_o other_o but_o that_o they_o be_v less_o naught_o some_o then_o other_o but_o plato_n say_v well_o for_o he_o make_v no_o comparison_n of_o corrupt_a commonweal_n for_o he_o account_v not_o that_o a_o commonweal_n which_o be_v corrupt_v but_o of_o good_a commonweal_n of_o which_o he_o speak_v and_o because_o the_o kingdom_n reg_fw-la or_o monarchy_n be_v most_o like_a unto_o his_o idea_n of_o good_a government_n he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o best_a polity_n of_o all_o and_o that_o the_o democracie_n because_o it_o be_v most_o separate_a from_o his_o idea_n of_o good_a government_n than_o all_o the_o other_o it_o be_v the_o worst_a polity_n of_o all_o and_o that_o of_o all_o ubisupra_fw-la commonweal_n that_o be_v well_o govern_v the_o democracie_n be_v the_o worst_a and_o of_o all_o commonweal_n that_o be_v naughtilie_o govern_v it_o be_v the_o best_a plato_n say_v this_o because_o see_v that_o all_o commonweal_n be_v ill_o govern_v they_o which_o live_v in_o that_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o people_n be_v more_o free_a civilibus_fw-la and_o less_o oppress_v by_o those_o that_o rule_n and_o govern_v they_o and_o understand_v that_o which_o plato_n say_v after_o this_o manner_n all_o aristotle_n argument_n and_o objection_n which_o he_o bring_v against_o he_o concern_v the_o government_n &_o transformations_a of_o commonweal_n be_v vain_a and_o in_o effect_n plato_n say_v the_o same_o which_o aristotle_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o most_o principal_a and_o chief_a kind_n or_o diversity_n of_o government_n be_v three_o the_o monarchy_n oligarchie_n and_o democracie_n and_o that_o the_o monarchy_n be_v the_o best_a government_n and_o the_o democracie_n the_o worst_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o unconstancy_n and_o small_a skill_n of_o the_o people_n tully_n affirm_v that_o the_o sea_n have_v not_o so_o many_o tempest_n danger_n &_o trouble_n as_o the_o people_n election_n have_v in_o which_o they_o choose_v ordain_v and_o establish_v officer_n and_o magistrate_n to_o rule_v and_o govern_v they_o demosthenes_n say_v that_o if_o he_o have_v know_v the_o malicious_a defraction_n forge_a crime_n and_o crafty_a invention_n unto_o which_o they_o that_o bear_v office_n in_o the_o commonweal_n which_o be_v rule_v by_o the_o people_n be_v subject_a and_o that_o two_o way_n have_v be_v show_v he_o the_o one_o to_o be_v a_o officer_n and_o partaker_n of_o the_o government_n and_o y_z e_z other_o to_o incur_v present_a death_n that_o he_o will_v rather_o have_v choose_v that_o way_n in_o which_o there_o be_v danger_n of_o death_n then_o to_o be_v in_o office_n in_o a_o democracie_n or_o commonwealth_n govern_v by_o the_o people_n 16_o the_o regiment_n be_v transform_v and_o change_v some_o into_o other_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o plato_n the_o monarchy_n and_o kingdom_n into_o the_o aristocracy_n which_o he_o call_v the_o ambitious_a government_n because_o they_o that_o govern_v desire_v and_o covet_v honour_n the_o aristocracy_n be_v translate_v into_o the_o oligarchie_n which_o be_v when_o a_o few_o govern_v who_o principal_a intent_n be_v to_o be_v rich_a this_o estate_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o ambitious_a government_n for_o honour_n and_o glory_n be_v prefer_v before_o riches_n and_o the_o oligarchie_n be_v change_v into_o the_o democracie_n aristotle_n say_v that_o government_n be_v alter_v either_o because_o they_o which_o prevail_v most_o and_o be_v of_o great_a power_n oppress_v the_o people_n or_o because_o they_o which_o be_v rich_a and_o of_o great_a authority_n will_v not_o suffer_v other_o though_o they_o be_v rich_a and_o honour_a to_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n or_o because_o there_o be_v faction_n &_o partiality_n among_o those_o that_o govern_v which_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o chief_a or_o because_o they_o that_o govern_v will_v expel_v other_o that_o do_v govern_v from_o the_o government_n or_o because_o some_o of_o those_o that_o govern_v take_v advantage_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n for_o to_o tyrannize_v over_o the_o commonwealth_n polybius_n be_v of_o that_o opinion_n that_o man_n after_o they_o assemble_v together_o live_v polliticklie_o in_o civil_a government_n and_o choose_v some_o that_o have_v most_o credit_n and_o authority_n supra_fw-la among_o they_o to_o rule_v and_o defend_v they_o and_o these_o afterward_o of_o tutor_n and_o defender_n become_v traitor_n and_o tyrant_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o not_o be_v able_a to_o suffer_v the_o tyranny_n of_o those_o their_o naughty_a governor_n dispossess_v they_o of_o the_o government_n and_o translate_v it_o unto_o themselves_o make_v it_o a_o aristocracy_n which_o kind_n of_o government_n be_v after_o the_o same_o order_n in_o time_n transform_v into_o a_o oligarchie_n this_o discourse_n of_o polybius_n concern_v the_o alteration_n &_o transmutation_n of_o common_a weal_n be_v like_a to_o that_o which_o some_o man_n say_v of_o riches_n and_o poverty_n affirm_v that_o poverty_n make_v man_n laborious_a industrius_fw-la &_o glad_a to_o travail_v and_o take_v pain_n by_o which_o diligence_n and_o industry_n they_o attain_v to_o riches_n by_o they_o they_o become_v vicious_a &_o wicked_a and_o so_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o wickedness_n at_o length_n they_o fall_v into_o poverty_n again_o which_o constrain_v they_o to_o take_v pain_n and_o be_v industrius_fw-la as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o change_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o government_n 6._o as_o aristotle_n say_v come_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o which_o govern_v be_v very_o absolute_a in_o command_v nothing_o regard_v voluntas_fw-la reason_n or_o justice_n but_o altogether_o tender_v their_o own_o particular_a and_o private_a commodity_n and_o herein_o differ_v king_n from_o tyrant_n and_o a_o good_a regiment_n from_o a_o bad_a 17_o and_o to_o conclude_v the_o government_n in_o commonweal_n assumebatur_fw-la be_v also_o change_v and_o alter_v by_o sect_n and_o new_a religion_n for_o nothing_o do_v more_o maintain_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o religion_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n they_o that_o will_v usurp_v any_o kingdom_n or_o monarchy_n take_v advantage_n by_o religion_n for_o with_o it_o they_o draw_v the_o people_n to_o obey_v they_o wherewith_o they_o disquiet_v the_o commonweal_n and_o all_o custom_n be_v break_v and_o faction_n seisme_n partiality_n and_o dissension_n be_v bring_v in_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o those_o that_o have_v bring_v in_o new_a sect_n and_o alter_v good_a custom_n into_o bad_a under_o pretence_n of_o religion_n as_o mahomet_n 6._o who_o with_o his_o wicked_a sect_n infect_v all_o the_o arabian_n the_o xequi_fw-la ishmael_n with_o interpret_n the_o alcoran_n after_o a_o new_a manner_n bring_v in_o the_o empire_n which_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n now_o hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n alonso_n king_n of_o castille_n a_o certain_a 4._o man_n in_o africa_n call_v aldemon_n son_n unto_o a_o gentleman_n do_v rebel_v because_o a_o other_o moor_n that_o be_v one_o of_o his_o companion_n and_o a_o great_a astrologian_n very_o well_o skill_v in_o his_o art_n have_v tell_v he_o that_o he_o shall_v once_o become_v a_o mighty_a man_n so_o that_o this_o same_o astrologian_n begin_v throughout_o all_o africa_a to_o preach_v and_o declare_v the_o alcoran_n praise_v his_o fellow_n and_o companion_n aldemon_n and_o make_v all_o the_o people_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o great_a lord_n and_o thereby_o he_o gather_v such_o a_o company_n together_o which_o follow_v aldemon_n that_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a matter_n to_o behold_v they_o and_o at_o length_n the_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o that_o pass_n that_o aldemon_n with_o all_o they_o that_o follow_v he_o fight_v a_o battle_n with_o alboachi_n king_n of_o arabia_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v lord_n over_o africa_n and_o overthrewe_v he_o and_o slay_v he_o in_o the_o conflict_n and_o so_o aldemon_n be_v make_v king_n of_o arabia_n and_o lord_n of_o africa_n the_o anabaptiste_n and_o such_o other_o pestilential_a anabaptistarum_fw-la heretic_n by_o misconstrue_v the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o sophisticallie_o expound_v god_n word_n have_v infect_v many_o place_n with_o their_o pernicious_a sect_n and_o cause_v many_o alteration_n and_o hurlie-burlies_a in_o diverse_a country_n not_o without_o the_o great_a hurt_n and_o loss_n of_o many_o christian_n king_n jeroboam_fw-la build_v a_o temple_n and_o in_o it_o set_v uppe_o a_o golden_a calf_n make_v himself_o high_a priest_n of_o idolatry_n which_o he_o do_v because_o by_o his_o own_o example_n 12._o he_o shall_v draw_v the_o people_n to_o commit_v idolatry_n that_o commit_v idolatry_n the_o ten_o tribe_n which_o have_v rebel_v against_o