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authority_n	glory_n	year_n	young_a	16	3	5.9412	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64912	Romæ antiquæ descriptio a view of the religion, laws, customs, manners, and dispositions of the ancient Romans, and others : comprehended in their most illustrious acts and sayings agreeable to history / written in Latine by ... Quintus Valerius Maximus ; and now carefully rendred into English ; together with the life of the author.; Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri IX. English	Valerius Maximus.; Speed, Samuel, 1631-1682.	1678 (1678)	Wing V34; ESTC R22311	255,720	462

Hannibal to the Wiles of Nero Asdrubal to the D●c●it of Salinator 5. Memorable also was the Counsel of Q. Metel●us who together with the Proconsul warring against the Celtiberians in Spain and finding himself too weak to force Contrebia the Metropolis of that Countrey revolving many thoughts in his minde at length he found a way to bring his business to perfection He made tedious marches sometimes he fell upon this Province sometimes upon another sometimes he assail'd these Passages of the Mountains and sometimes others and all this while as well his own Officers as the Enemy were amaz'd to see him whirl from one place to another in that manner For which reason being ask'd by one of his intimate friends why he made such a loose and scatter'd kind of War Forbear to enquire said he for if I thought my shirt knew the meaning of this designe of mine I would cause it to be burnt How far did this dissimulation extend Or what was the issue of it But when he had involv'd both his own Army and the Enemy in the same errour faining to march another way he suddainly turn'd back upon Contrebia and so supriz'd it unawares So that if he had not suffer'd his thoughts to search after Wiles and Stratagems he might have lain before Contrebia all the days of his life FORRAIGNERS 1. Agathocles King of the Syracusans was boldly cunning For when the Carthaginians had possess'd the greatest part of his City he transported his Army into Africa to dispel fear by fear and force by force and not without success For the Carthaginians affrighted at his suddain coming willingly redeem'd their own security by the safety of the enemy So that it was agreed that at the same time Africa should be freed from the Sicilians and Sicily from the Carthaginians For had he persever'd to preserve the Walls of Syracuse they had been still vex'd with the miseries of War while Carthage had enjoyed the benefits of Peace But now threatning her with the same ruine while he rather invades the wealth and fortunes of others than defends his own the more justly he deserted his Kingdom the more safely he receiv'd it again 2. What did Hannibal at the Battle of Cannae Had he not ensnar'd the Roman Army in many intanglements of subtle Stratagem before he went to fight In the first place he took care to get the Sun and Wind and so to secure himself from the flying of the Dust. Then in the very time of fight he caus'd great part of his Army to counterfeit a flight which when the Roman Legion follow'd as it was divided from the rest of the Army he provided that they should be cut to pieces by the Ambush which he had laid to entrap them Then he order'd four hundred Horse to go to the Consul like Revolters who being commanded to lay aside their Weapons and to retire into the Rear of the Army in the heat of the Fight drawing their Swords which they privately conceal'd between their Vests and Armour cut the Hams of the engaged Romans Thus was the Punic Fortitude surnish'd with Deceit Ambushment and Fallacy Which excuses our Courage for being so circumvented Since we were rather deceiv'd than overcome CHAP. V. Of Repulses 1. Aelius Tubero 2. Scipio Nasica 3. Aemilius Paulus 4. Metellus the Macedonian 5. Cornelius Sylla 6. Cato of Utica THe Condition of the Field of Mars well represented may also instruct the ambitious more strenuously to sustain the less prosperous events of the Elections While the repulses of eminent and famous men being set before their eyes they may stand for honour not with less hope than judicious ones of mind and may remember that it is no crime for something to be deny'd by all to one man when sometimes single persons have thought it lawful to resist the wills of all Knowing that what cannot be obtained by Favour must be sought by Patience 1. Q. Aelius Tubero being desired to spread the Dining-Chamber by Fabius Maximus who was to feast the people in the name of P. Africanus his Uncle spread the Punic Beds with the Skins of Kids and instead of Silver Dishes brought forth Samian By which unseemliness he so offended all the company that when he stood for Praetor depending upon L. Paulus his Grandfather and P. Africanus his Uncle he was forc'd to suffer the shame of a repulse For though privately they appr●●ed thriftiness yet publickly they were very curious to be splendid And therefore the City not believing the Guests of one Banquet but that all her Inhabitants had layn upon Goat-skins reveng'd the discredit of the Banquet by the shame of not giving him their voices 2. Pub. Scipio Nasica the glory of the Gown who being Consul pronounced War against Iugurth whose holy hands receiv'd the Idaean Matron leaving Phrygia to grace our Altars and our Habitations who by the strength of his authority suppress'd many fatal Seditions who was Prince of the Senate for many years when he was a young man and stood to be the Aedil in the Running-chair took a certain person by the hand whom he grasp'd with his own and finding his friends hand to be hard'ned with labour he asked him whether he us'd to walk upon his hands Which question being heard by the standers by came to be in the mouths of all the People and occasion'd Scipio to be repuls'd For all the People thinking he had upbraided them with the poverty of the Rustick Tribe discharg'd their anger upon his contumelious Jeast Thus our City by recall●ng the Wits of the Noble Youth from Insolence made many and profitable Citizens and added the due weight to honour not suffering them to be sought for by those that were secure of them beforehand 3. There was no such Errour to be found in Aemilius Paulus and yet sometimes he stood for the Consulship in vain However the sarne person when he had wearied the field with his repulses being afterwards made twice Consul and Censor arriv'd to the highest degree of Honour Whose Vertue injuries did not break but sharpen for being incens'd at the dishonour he carried to the field a more eager desire of the Supreme Dignity that he might overcome the People by his persevera●ce since he could not stir them by the splendour of his Nobility and the endowments of his Minde 4. Only a few and those disconsolate Friends accompanied Quint. Caecilius home asham'd and full of grief whom afterwards the whole Senate and People follow'd brisk and jovial to the Capitol having triumph'd over the false Philip. The greatest part also of the Achaean War to which Mummius lent his helping hand was compleated by this person Could the people then deny the Consulship to him to whom they owed or were likely to owe two most famous Provinces And yet that act made him a better Citizen for he thought he was to carry himself the more industriously in that Consulship which he found so hard to be obtain'd 5. Who more powerful

Cornelius Scylla the Happy 7. T. Aufidius 8. P. Rupilius 9. P. Ventidius Bassus 10. L. Cornelius Lentulus Lupus 11. Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina 12. Licinius Crassus the Rich. 13. Q. Servilius Caepio 14. C. Marius 15. C. Julius Caesar. FORRAIGNERS 1. Polemon the Athenian 2. Themistocles the Athenian 3. Conon the Athenian 4. Aleib●ades 5. Polycrates 6. Dionysius of Syracuse 7. Syphax King of the Numidians A Considerate Change can either adde much to the Trust or diminish the Care of worthy men whether we consider our own condition or the nature of others For when we perceive some to have risen from low and contemptible beginnings why should we not then have better thoughts of our selves Knowing that it is a foolish thing to forejudge ones self of perpetual infelicity and to change our hope which sometimes rightly favou●s uncertain things into certain desperation 1. Manlius Torquatus when he was a Youth was look'd upon to be of so dull and heavy a disposition that he was sent into the Countrey by his Father Lucius Manlius a person of great worth to follow the Plow as being unfit either for publick or private business Afterwards he pleaded for his Father being accus'd for some misdeameanour and carried the Cause for him He cut off his Sons head though a Victor because he had fought against his command with the Enemy and with a most splendid Triumph he reviv'd his Countrey groaning under the Latin War Thus his adverse Fortune clouded him in his Youth that he might shine more glorious in his Elder Years 2. Scipio Africanus the Elder whom the Immortal Gods decreed ●o be born that there might be a person in whom Vertue might shew it self in all its variety is reported to have led a debauch'd life in his younger years remote from the crime of Luxury yet more soft and idle than his Punic Trophies or his yoaking the conquer'd Carthaginians 3. C. Valerius Placcus also in the time of the Second Punic War began with a lewd course of life But being chosen Flamen by P. Licinius the High-Priest to the end he might reclaim him applying himself to the care of the sacred things and the observation of the religious Rites and guided by Religion it self the Captain of Frugality he became as great an Example of Sobriety and Piety as he was before of Luxury 4. No person led a more debauch'd Life than Q. Fabius Maximus who afterwards by the signal Victory which he obtain'd against the Gauls purchas'd to himself and his posterity the Sima●e of Allobrogicus Yet in his elder years our City could boast of no such Ornament as he was no● was any person so renowned as he 5. Who is ignorant how highly the Authority of Q. Gatulus was advanc'd at that very time when there was a crowd of famous men living Whose younger years you will finde to have been guilty of much Luxury and Softness Which however was no impediment to him but that he became the Prince of his Countrey had the honour to have his name shine in the Capitol and by his own courage to bury a Civil War that was rising with a mighty force to seize the Commonwealth 6. But L. Sylla till he came to be Questor led ● life infamous for his Whoring Gaming and Drinking Whereupon it was reported that Marius being engag'd in a very smart War in Africa complain'd that they had sent him such an effeminate Questor But his Vertue having as it were broken down the fences of wickedness made a shift to chain the hands of Iugurth quell Mithridates withstand the billows of the War of our Allies break the power of Cin●● and compel him that had despis'd him when his Questor in Africa to fly a proscrib'd Exile into the same Province for safety Which so various and so con●●●ry acts he that shall with a serious minde consider would believe there were two Sylla's in one man I would have call'd him a vicious youth but a brave man had he not himself assum'd the title of Happy 7. And as we have admonish'd Nobility to regard itself by the benefit of repentance let us adde a few Examples of those that dar'd aspire from meaner beginnings T. Aufidius who once had the gathering but of a small pittance of the Asiatic Tribute afterwards rul'd all Asia as Consul Nor did our Allies disdain to obey his Fasces whom they had seen flattering the Tribunals of Forreigners For he behavd himself faithfully and nobly plainly demonstrating that his former way of living was only the effect of Fortune but that the pres●nt advancement of his Dignity was to be attributed to the greatness of his parts 8. Publius Rupilius was no Toll-gatherer in Sicilia but only a mean Officer under them so miserable poor that he had nothing to keep Life and Soul together but a small Office that depended upon the leave of the vanquish'd Yet from him Consul afterwards all Sicilia receiv'd their Laws after he had freed them from the terrors of a smart War of the Pirats and Fugitives I believe that the very Ports themselves if there be any sence in mute things admir'd the wonderful change in the Condition of that man For the same person that they had seen exacting the dayly Customs the same person they saw giving Laws to Navies and Armies 9. To this increase of Dignity I will adde a greater When Asculum was taken Cn. Pompeius the Father of Pompey the Great prostituted to the eyes of the People P. Ventidius a beardless Youth in the Triumph that he had obtain'd Yet this was that Ventidius who afterwards triumph'd at Rome over the Parthians and reveng'd the death of Crassus miserably foyl'd in a strange Countrey Thus he that a Captive dreaded imprisonment now a Victor crowns the Capitol with his success And this is farther remarkable of the same person that he was made Pretor and Consul both in one and the same year 10. Now let us consider the diversities of Chance L. Lentulus was depos'd by the Caecilian Law of his Consulship being convicted of Bribery and yet was created Censor with L. Censorinus Thus Fortune shuffl'd him between Honour and Disgrace condemning him in his Consulship and honouring him with the Office of Censor when he was condemn'd neither suffering him to enjoy a lasting happiness nor long to abide in a miserable condition 11. Thus Fortune shew'd her power also in Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina Who when he was Consul being taken by the Carthaginians at Liparae and had lost all by the right of War yet by the favour of Fortune recovered all and was again created Consul Who would have thought he should have been brought from the Fasces to the Fetters of the Carthaginians Who would have thought again that from the Punic chains he should have advanc'd himself to the highest degrees of Honour But yet he was from a Consul made a Captive and from a Captive became Consul 12. What Did not the va●●ness of Crassus Wealth give him

observed them to be religiously sincere Who as he had nothing while he lived that could be publikly taxed yet being deceas'd had the Concord and Unity of the City for his Patrimony 3. I cannot deny but that there was Silver in the Houses of Caius Fabricius and Q. Emilius Papus the most principal men of their times But Fabricius seem'd the more prodigal because he had a Horn-fo●t to his Drinking-cup But Papus seem'd more head-strong who having received his Goods as hereditary would not alienate them for religions sake 4. They were also certainly very rich who were call'd from the Plough to be made Consuls for pleasures sake they plough'd the sandy and barren Soil of Pupinia and ignorant of delicacy scatter'd those vast clods with c●ntinued sweat and labour so that those whom the dangers of the Common wealth call'd to be Emperours and Generals their want at home for why should truth conceal a Sirname compell'd to follow the call of Cowherds 5. They who were sent by the Senate to call Atilius to undertake the Government of the Roman People found him sowing in his Garden but those hands hardned with Countrey-labour establish'd the safety of the Common-wealth and defeated mighty Armies of the Enemies and those hands that lately held the Plough now hold the reins of the Triumphant Chariot Nor was he asham'd when he had laid down his Ebony Staff to return again to the Plough Tail Well may Atilius comfort the Poor but much more instruct the Rich how little the troublesome care of gathering Riches advantages the true desire of purchasing solid Honour 6. Of the same name and blood Atilius Regulus the greatest glory and the greatest calamity of the Punic War when he had ruin'd the wealth of the most insolent Carthaginian by the success of many Victories and understood that his authority was continued for the next year upon consid●ration of his worthy deeds he wrote to the Consuls that his Bayly of his little Farm that he had in the Countrey of Popinia was de●d and that one that he had hired was gone away with his Utensils of Agriculture and therefore desired that a Succ●ssour might be sent him left his land lying untill'd his Wife and Children should want Bread Which when the Consuls had r●lated to the Senate they caus'd his ground to be let and setled a Livelihood upon his Wife and Children and ordered those things that he had lost to be redeem'd Such was the Example of Atilius's vertue to our Treasury that every Age will boast of among the Romans 7. Equally large were the Farms of L. Quinctius Cincinn●●us For he poss●ssed only seven Acres of Land and of these he had lost three forfeited for a Fine being bound to the Treasury and with the rest of this little Land he paid another Forfeiture for his Son Caeso for not appearing when he was call'd to answer the Law And yet when he was ploughing only four Acres of this Land he not only upheld the dignity of his Family but had the Dictatorship conferr'd upon him He accompts himself to live splendidly now whose House stands upon as much ground as all Cincinnatus F●rm contain'd 8. What shall I say of the Aelian Family How ●ic● were they There were Sixteen of that name whos● little Cottage stood where now the Marian Monuments stand and a small Farm in the Countrey of th● Veii that needed fewer men to till it than it had Owners and in the Parishes call'd M●ximus and Flaminia they had the ground where the Theater stood bestowed upon them for their vertue by the Publick 9. That Family had not one scruple of Silver before that Paulus after he had utterly defeated Perses gave to Aelius Tubero his Son-in-Law five Poun● weight of Gold out of the Spoils that were taken I omit that the chief person of the City gave his Daughter in marriage to one whose ●amily and Estate was so exceeding low And he himself died so v●ry poor that unless he had sold one Farm which he had left there had not been sufficient for th● Dowry of his Wife The minds of Men and Women were then most noble in the City and the worth of every Man was then in all things weighed against his Goods and Estate For every one made it his business to serve his Country not himself And they rather chose poverty in a rich Empire than riches in a poor Empire And to this noble resolution that reward was given that it was not lawful to buy any of those things which were due to Vertue and the wants of Illustrious Men were supply'd out of the publick Stock 10. And therefore when Cneus Scipio had written out of Spain to the Senate desiring that a successor might be sent him for that he had a daughter now fit for marriage and that no portion could be provided for her without he were present The Senate lest the Commonwealth should loose a good Captain performed the office of a Father and having with the advice of his Wife and Relations agreed upon the Portion caused it to be paid out of the publick Treasury The Portion was two thousand pieces of brass mony whereby not only appears the kindness of the Conscript Fathers but the usual measure of the ancient Estates may be guessed at For they were so small that Tatia the daughter of Cato was said to have brought her Husband an exceeding Portion when she brought him ten thousand pieces of brass mony And Megullia that entred her husbands house with fifty thousand pieces of brass mony was called for that reason the Maid with the Portion And therefore the Senate vindicated the daughters of Fabricius Luscinus and Scipio from being portionless by their own Liberality seeing their Parents had nothing to give them but their wealthy honours 11. What inheritance M. Scaurus received from his Father he himself relates in the first Book that he hath wrote concerning his Life For saith he he had but ten Slaves and the whole value ef his Estate was but thirty five thousand pieces of mony These Examples therefore we ought to regard and quiet our minds with the Consolation thereof who are always complaining of the scantiness or our own Fortunes We find no Silver or a very small quantity few Servants seven Acres of barren Land domestick Indigency Funeral expences publickly defray'd Daughters without Portions But we behold famous Consulships wonderful Dictatorships and innumerable Triumphs Why do we therefore with continual reproaches torment a mean Fortune as the chief evil of human kind Who though with not superfluously flowing yet with faithful breasts nourished the Poplicolae the Emilii the Fabricii the Curii the Scipio's the Scauri and all those other supports of Vertue equal to these Let us ●ather pull up our spirits and comfort our minds debilitated with the sight of mony with the memory of former times CHAP. I. Of Bashfulness or Modesty 1. Of the people of Rome 2. C. Terentius Varro Cos. 3. C. Cicereius