former of which we have Received the Scriptures of the Old from the latter those of the New Testament Q. How do you know that these Books were written by the Assistance of the Holy Spirit A. By the Authors who wrote them who were doubtless no less inspired in what they Wrote than in what they Taught of the Gospel of Christ. 2. By the Design of God in the composing of Them which was to leave thereby a Constant Infallible Rule of Faith to the Church in all Ages of it 3. By the Opinion which all Christians from the time that they were publish'd have had of Them and the deference which upon that account they have paid to Them And lastly By the Subject-matter of Them and those internal Marks of Divine Wisdom and Piety which are so conspicuous in all the Parts of Them Q. Do you look upon these Scriptures as the Only present Rule of your Faith A. I do Nor is there any Other certain Foundation on which to build it Q. What think you of the Tradition of the Church A. Could I be sure that any thing not contain'd in the Scriptures came down by a certain uninterrupted Tradition from the Apostles I should not except against it Nay I do therefore receive the Holy Scriptures as the Rule of my Faith because they have such a Tradition to warrant me so to do But because there is no such Tradition for any thing besides therefore neither do I build my Faith upon it But on the contrary do suppose that by the Providence of God the Holy Scriptures were purposely written to prevent those Doubts those Forgeries and Deceits which his Infinite Wisdom foresaw an Oral Tradition would always have been liable unto Q. Can the Holy Scriptures alone make your Faith perfect A. They Can Nor ought I to believe any thing as an Article of my Faith which is not to be found in them or cannot plainly be proved by Them Q. What do you think of the Church's Definitions A. That I ought to submit to them in whatsoever they define agreeably to the Word of God But if in any thing they require me to believe what is contrary to the Word of God or cannot be Proved thereby I ought absolutely to reject the One and am under no Obligation to Receive the Other Q. But is not this to make your self wiser than the Church A. No by no means but only to make the Word of God of more Authority with me than the Word of Man Whilst I chuse rather to Regulate my Faith by what God has deliver'd than by what Man Defines Q. Are the Holy Scriptures so Plain and Easy to be Understood that every One may be Able to judge for Himself what he ought to Believe A. In Matters of necessary Belief they are very plain even to the most Ordinary Christian Yet we do not deny but that every Man ought to hear the Church and attend to the Instructions of those who are the Pastors of it Only we say that neither the Church nor its Pastors ought to teach any thing as an Article of Faith or Require any Man's assent to it as such that cannot be shewn to have been either expresly deliver'd in the Word of God or by a plain and necessary Consequence be Proved thereby Q. But how shall the Unlearned be able to know what the Scriptures propose seeing they are written in a Language which such Persons do not understand A. By Reading them in their Own Vulgar Tongue into which every Church has or ought to have them faithfully translated for the Benefit of Those who do not understand the Languages in which they were Composed Q. Do you then think that the People ought to be suffered promiscuously to Read the Holy Scriptures A. Who shall forbid Them to Read what was purposely designed by God for their Instruction The Scriptures are as much the Voice of the Apostles and Evangelists to Us of these Times as their Preaching was to those of the Age in which they lived And it may with as good Reason be Ask'd Whether we think the People ought to have been promiscuously Suffer'd heretofore to hear the Apostles Preach as whether they ought to be Suffer'd promiscuously to Read their Writings Now. Q. But amidst so many Things as the Holy Scriptures deliver how shall the People be able to judge what is necessary to be Believed by Them A. Let them Believe All they meet with there and then to be sure they will Believe all that is necessary But for the sake of those who either want Ability to Read or Capacity to judge what is most necessary in Point of Faith to be known and profess'd by Them the Church has from the beginning collected it into a short Summary which every Person of Old was Required both to Know and assent to before he was admitted into the Communion of it Q. What is that Summary of which you speak and which you account to comprehend all the most Necessary Articles of our Christian Faith A. It is commonly called The Apostles Creed not that the Apostles Themselves Composed it at least not in the very Form in which we now have it but because it seems to come the Nearest of any to the Apostles Times and does with the Greatest Simplicity of Expression comprehend a short Summary of the Apostles Doctrine Q. What mean you by the Word Creed A. It is the same in Latine as Belief in English And it is so called in both from the first words of it I BELIEVE and which in Sense though not in Expression Run through every Article of it SECT VI. Q. REhearse the Articles of your Belief A. I Believe in God the Father Almighty c. Q. You said that those Words I BELIEVE were not only the First Words of your Creed but the most Material as running in effect through Every Branch of it Tell me therefore what do you mean when you say I Believe A. To Believe in the General is to Assent to the Truth of any thing upon the Sole Authority of the Person who delivers it Who if He be a Man only the Assent which I give to what He says produces in Me a Humane Faith if as here He be God then the Assent which I give to what is deliver'd by Him is properly a Divine Faith Q. What is the difference with respect to Us between these Two A. It is very Great For because a Man though never so Wise and Careful himself may yet not be honest and so Impose upon Me Or should he be never so Upright may yet after all his Care be Mistaken himself and thereby lead Me into Errour therefore in Assenting to what such a One proposes I can at the most give but such a Belief to it as is suitable to a meer Humane Testimony I may Believe what he says to be True but yet so as not to exclude a Possibility of its being Otherwise Whereas God
Holy Scriptures For First Our Blessed Saviour promised the penitent Thief but a little before his Death that That Day he should be with him in Paradise Luk. xxiii 43 And Secondly As he was Expiring he gave up the Ghost with these Words Father into thy Hands I Commend my Spirit Christ therefore having now finish'd his Passion expired upon the Cross. His Body was laid in the Sepulchre his Spirit Return'd unto God that gave it and together with the Soul of the Penitent Thief was carry'd by the Holy Angels into Paradise where the Souls of the Righteous rest till the Day of the Resurrection And from thence it return'd on the third Day and was again Reunited to its Body as Ours also shall be at the Day of Judgment Q. What is your Opinion of the Limbus Patrum or Prison in which those of the Church of Rome suppose the Souls of Holy Men who dyed before the time of Christ to be shut up And to deliver whom they say our Saviour now went down thither A. As of a meer Fiction for which there is not the least ground in Scripture but much to the contrary and fit to keep Company with their Other Dream of Purgatory since SECT XII Q. WAS Christ to continue always under the Power of Death A. No but the contrary was foretold concerning Him That God would not leave his Soul in Hell nor suffer his Holy One to see Corruption Psal xvi 10 Acts ii 31 Q. How was he deliver'd from the Power of the Grave A. He Rose again the Third Day from the Dead Q. How do you understand these Words A. That upon the Third Day after his Death his Soul and Body which had been separated from One Another were by the mighty Power of God brought together again and vitally United to One Another And so the same Jesus who was dead became again alive or as it is in my Creed Rose again the Third Day from the Dead Q. Did Christ Raise Himself from the Dead A. I before said that he was Raised by the mighty Power of God Nor could any thing less than a Divine Power have done it Eph. i. 19 20. Yet as Christ was God as well as Man so he did also upon that account concur to his Own Resurrection And thus the Scripture tells us Jo. ii 19 Destroy this Temple says Christ to the Jews and in Three Days I will Raise it up Jo. x. 17 18. Therefore doth my Father Love me because I lay down my Life that I may take it up again No Man taketh it from me but I lay it down of my self I have Power to lay it down and I have Power to take it again Which is also by the way another Evident Argument to prove that Christ is God Q. How does it appear that He did thus Rise from the Dead A. By the Testimony of Those who were Eye-witnesses of it And saw Him first cruelly put to Death and afterwards beheld Him Alive again Q. Are the Persons who give testimony hereunto such as may be securely Rely'd upon in a Matter of this Moment A. They are For First we have the Testimony of his most bitter Enemies as well as of his Friends to prove his Death Mar. xv 39 44 45. Mat. xxvii 62 c. Nor will the Sufferings which He underwent permit Us to doubt of it Jo. xix 33 34. And Secondly as for his being Alive after the Jews who set a Guard upon his Sepulchre on purpose to prevent his being Stollen away and the Pretence of his Resurrection which they were afraid his Disciples had design'd to Raise thereupon yet could not deny but that in despight of all their Care He was Gone out of the Sepulchre and what was become of Him they could not tell Mat. xxvii 62 c. xxviii 11 c. Q. But what positive Witness have you of his being Alive after his Crucifixion A. We have the Witness of his * Apostles of his * Disciples of above * Five hundred Persons who saw him and conversed with him and many of which died for the Testimony which they gave unto it None ever went back from it We have besides this the Witness * of Angels The Witness * of a Persecutor by this very Assurance converted into an Apostle And lastly the Witness * of God Himself who without all dispute enabled the first Preachers of this very Article to work wonderful Miracles in Confirmation of it and thereby as effectually as could be desired Gave his Own Evidence to the truth of it Q. Why do you add the Circumstance of the Time of his Resurrection that He Rose the Third Day A. To shew that he Rose according to the Types and Prophecies that had gone before concerning Him and upon the very Day that He himself had foretold he would Rise Jon. i. 17 ii 10 compare Mat. xii 38 Mat. xvi 21 Jo. ii 19 20. Q. How does it appear that it was the Third Day on which he Rose A. He Suffer'd on the Sixth Day being Our Friday between Nine and Twelve a Clock in the Morning He Rose on the First commonly called Our Sunday Morning after and so was Dead part of Friday all Saturday and part of Sunday For the Jews computed the Day from the Evening and so Saturday Night Six a Clock the First Day of the Week according to them began Q. Was there any thing Remarkable in the Day on which he Rose A. It was the Day on which God had before designed he should Rise And therefore on this Day the Sheaf of the First-fruits by which their Harvest was to be consecrated was lifted up before God among the Jews Lev. xxiii 10 to signify that Christ our First-fruits should on this Day be Raised up by God from the Dead and so become a Surety to Us of our future Resurrection See Rom. xi 16 1 Cor. xv 20 23. Q. What is the special Importance of this Article to Us A. It is very great Inasmuch as First It does beyond contradiction confirm the Divine Authority of our Blessed Lord Rom. i. 4 and the Truth of our Religion Rom. viii 33 34. And in the next Place does Assure Us that the Price of our Redemption was fully paid by Him Rom. iv 25 and is a Pledg to Us that as Christ was raised from the Dead so shall our mortal Bodies be quickned also by the same Spirit of Christ which dwelleth in Vs. Rom. vi 5 9. viii 11 SECT XIII Q. HOW did our Blessed Lord dispose of Himself after that he was Risen from the Dead A. He continued upon the Earth Forty Days with his Disciples both to Confirm them in their Belief of his Resurrection Jo. xx 19 25 27. Act. i. 3 and to Instruct them more fully in all those things which they were afterwards to preach to the World Acts i. 3 And then at the End of them He Ascended into Heaven
that the Evil of it shall Reach not to Himself alone but to his Posterity also And thus the Children may be Visited and yet not Punish'd for their Father's Idolatry As in the Case of High-Treason the Father by forfeiting his Honour and Estate brings the Ill-consequence of his Crime upon his Family as well as upon himself and the Prince by exacting the Penalty of the Law does truly Visit tho not Punish his Posterity for the Offence which He alone Committed Q. How then do you Understand this Part of the Commandment A. God had in general promised to the Jews Temporal Blessings to Encourage their Obedience and had denounced present Evils against them to keep them from Sinning But to set a particular Mark of his Indignation upon the Sin of Idolatry He thought fit to declare that if they Offended in this Matter He would not only severely punish them Himself but would deliver them up into the Hands of their Enemies who should both Oppress Them and their Children after Them Whereas if they continued firm to his Worship tho' otherwise they should be guilty of many lesser Crimes yet he would not cast them off from his Favour but on the contrary would bless both Them and their Posterity with Plenty and Prosperity all their Days This I take to have been the literal meaning of the present Denunciation and how exactly it was made Good to Them their History sufficiently declares to Us. Q. May this be in any wise Apply'd to Us Now A. Thus far it may To teach us how heinous the Sin of Idolatry is how Odious in the sight of God how worthy of his Vengeance how certain to feel it The Jews were in their whole Estate a Figure to Us As therefore God threatned that he would with the utmost Severity Require this Sin of Them so most certainly he will do it of Us It may be in this present Life but without all Controversie in the Life which is to Come SECT XXV Q. WHat is the Third Commandment A. Thou shalt not take the Name of the LORD thy God in Uain c. Q. What is the Design of this Commandment A. To secure that Honour we ought to Pay to God by a reverend Esteem of whatsoever Relates to Him Q. What mean you by the Name of God A. I understand thereby God Himself and whatsoever has any Immediate Relation to Him Psal. xxix 2 Exod. xxxiv 14 Deutr. xxviii 58 Q. When may we be accounted to take God's Name in Vain A. When we make mention of God or of any thing which belongs unto Him Rashly and Irreverently In a way that is not suitable to his Divine Honour and Majesty nor to that deference we ought to pay to his Sovereign Power and Authority over Us. Q. Upon what Occasions especially may God's Name be made Use of by Us A. Chiefly on these Three In Swearing Vowing Praying And in all these it may be and oftentimes is taken in Vain Q. When may we be accounted to take God's Name in Vain by using it in Swearing A. When we swear falsely Lev. xix 12 Whether it be by a positive asserting of what is Untrue or by Tricking and Equivocating in what is in some Respect true tho' not in that in which we would be understood to Swear 2dly When we swear Needlesly where either the Matter was not of Moment enough to justifie the Solemnity of an Oath or might have been sufficiently determined without One. Of which kind are the greatest part of those Voluntary Oaths which are so frequently Used by Profane Persons in their Common Discourse 3dly When we Swear Rashly but especially in Matters of Promise in which we are the most exposed to the Danger of Perjury And 4thly When we Swear Irreverently Whether we take an Oath carelesly and lightly and without due Regard to the Honour of God's Name our Selves or Administer it So to Others Q. What think you of Those who Swear not only by the Name of God but by that of some Creature such as the Blessed Virgin or the like Saint A. I think it to be without all Controversie Sinful As Giving that Honour to the Creature which is due only to the Creator And so God himself declares that he accounts it Deut. vi 13 Thou shalt fear the LORD thy God and serve him and shalt swear by his Name Ye shall not Go after Other Gods And again Deut. x. 20 Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God Him shalt thou serve and to Him shalt thou cleave and Swear by his Name And when in process of time that People began to do otherwise the Prophet Jeremy tells us how heinously God Resented the Affront that was thereby put upon Him Jer. v. 7 How shall I pardon Thee for this Thy Children have forsaken me and sworn by them that are no Gods And again Amos viii 14 They that Swear by the Sin of Samaria and say Thy God O Dan liveth and the manner of Beersheba liveth Even they shall Fall and never Rise up again Comp. Josh. xxiii 7 Jer. xii 16 Zeph. i. 5 Q. How does it appear that to Swear by any Creature is to Give to that Creature by whom we Swear the proper Honour of God A. The very Nature of an Oath declares it Which supposes the Person whom we Swear by to be capable both of discerning the Truth or Falshood of what is Sworn and the Sincerity or Insincerity with which we Swear and also of Punishing us for our Perjury if we Swear Otherwise than we ought to do All which are Actions proper to God alone And above the Capacity of any Creature and therefore being ascribed to One who is not God must needs give the Honour due to God alone to that Person by whom we Swear Q. Is it lawful to Swear in any Matter of Moment if we take care to Swear in such a manner as we ought to do A. It has been the Opinion of many Good Men that We should decline all Voluntary Swearing even in Matters of Moment as much as may be And that for fear of Perjury which is a Sin of a very heinous Nature Yet if we are required to do it by such whom we ought not to disobey and we do it Faithfully and Reverently it is both an Act of Religious Worship and for the Glory of God and upon both those Accounts undoubtedly Lawful Nor did our Saviour ever intend to forbid Swearing altogether but only to Restrain all Voluntary and Needless Vse of it in Common Conversation and to keep Us when we do Swear to the Doing of it only by the Name of God and not by that of any Other Thing or Person See Mat. v. 34 c. Q. How may God's Name be taken in Vain by Vowing A. * By Vowing to do any thing which may not lawfully be fulfill'd * By Vowing that which we are not Able to fulfil * By Vowing Rashly and Indiscreetly what tho' we
particularly annex'd to it Indeed if a true Penitent Receive Absolution from his Minister God Ratifies the Sentence and forgives the Sin But so God would have done had neither any Confession been made to or Absolution Received from Him And that the Sin is forgiven is Owing to the Mercy of God upon the Repentance of the Sinner and not to be ascribed to the Priest's Sentence In EXTREME VNCTION there is an Outward Sign but neither of Christ's nor his Apostles Institution They anointed Sick Persons for the Recovery of their Bodily Health and in certain Cases advised the Elders of the Church to be sent for to do likewise But as to any Spiritual Effects they neither used any such Sign themselves nor Recommended it to Others Nor is there any the least Ground on which to expect any such benefit from the Use of it MATRIMONY is a Holy State ordain'd by God and highly to be accounted of by All Men. But it neither confers any Grace where it is not nor Encreases it where it is And therefore is not to be look'd upon as a true and proper Sacrament ORDINATION is also a Divine Institution By the Administration of it Authority is Given to those Who partake of it to minister in Holy Things which otherwise it would not have been lawful for them to do We do not at all doubt but that the Grace of God accompanies this Ordinance and the Discharge of those Ministries which are perform'd in consequence of it But then this Grace is only the Blessing of God upon a particular Employ not such a Grace as is necessary to the making of a Sacrament And it is given to such Persons rather for the Benefit of Others than for the furtherance of their Own Salvation Q. How many Parts are there in a Sacrament A. Two the Outward and Uisible Sign and the Inward and Spiritual Grace SECT XLIII Q. WHat is the First Sacrament of the New Testament A. It is Baptism Q. What is Baptism A. It is the Sacrament of our New and Spiritual Birth Jo. iii. 4 the Seal of our Adoption Rom. iv 11 and the Solemn Means of our Admission into the Communion of the Christian Church Acts ii 41 Col. ii 11 12. By the Outward Washing whereof our Inward Washing from our Sins by the Blood and Spirit of Christ is both clearly exhibited and certainly sealed to Us. Rom. iv 11 Acts ii 38.39 Heb ix 14 Tit. iii. 5 Q. How is Baptism perform'd A. By dipping in pouring on of or sprinkling with Water in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost Q. In which of these was this Sacrament administred at the Beginning A. To Aged and Healthful Persons in that Hot Country in which our Saviour lived it was for the most part administred by dipping or plunging the Person who was Baptized into the Water According to the common Ceremony among the Jews of Receiving Proselytes with the very same Ceremony and from which our Saviour seems to have taken Occasion to institute this Sacrament Q. Were any Baptized otherwise at the Beginning A. It cannot be doubted but that as All who Embraced the Gospel were Baptized so many of these could not be dipped in Water Such were very Old and Sick Persons and it may be All at the first when Three and Five Thousand at a time believed and were baptized very likely in a private House Acts ii 41 Acts iv 4 where it would have been very difficult to have had Water enough and endless to have dipped them all Q. What are the Necessary Parts of this Sacrament A. Water and the Word The One to Represent our Spiritual Washing and Cleansing by the Blood of Christ the Other to declare the Faith into which we are Baptized and by which we hope to be saved namely of God the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Q. How came the Custom of Dipping to be so universally left off in the Church A. Chiefly upon the ground of Charity because when the Gospel became every where Received and the Persons to be Baptized were the Children of believing Parents many of which in these Cold Countries and for a Great Part of the Year could not be dipped in Water without the hazard of their Lives it was necessary either to Sprinkle them only with Water or not to Baptize them at all Q. What Ground had the Church to admit of Sprinkling as sufficient to answer the Design of this Sacrament A. The Example of the Purifications under the Law which were made as well by Sprinklings as Washings Heb. ix 13 19. The Application of this made by St. Paul to the Spiritual Cleansing of us from our Sins Heb. x. 22 24. And by St. Peter to the same Purpose 1 Pet. i. 2 The Analogy between the Sprinkling of the Water in Baptism and that Sprinkling of the Blood of Christ by which we are Cleansed from our Sins All these as they left a sufficient Latitude to the Church to administer this Sacrament in any of these Ways so the Law of Charity Required that the Church should make Choice of Sprinkling rather than of a total Immersion and we cannot doubt but that the God of Charity does approve of it Mat. ix 13 SECT XLIV YOU said that in Every Sacrament there were Two Parts an Outward and Visible Sign and an Inward and Spiritual Grace Tell me therefore Q. What is the Outward Uisible Sign or Form in Baptism A. Water wherein the Person is Baptized in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost Q. Is this Element so necessary a part of this Sacrament that the Church may in no Case depart from it A. It is of Divine Institution and was designed to denote our Spiritual Cleansing by Christ's Blood That as our Bodies are wash'd with and cleansed from their Pollutions by Water so are our Souls purified from Sin by the Blood of Christ And for both these Reasons it is a Necessary and Immutable Part of this Holy Sacrament Q. Is the Form of Baptism necessary to the Administration of this Sacrament A. It is Necessary nor can this Sacrament be duly administred by any Other Q. Was no Other Form ever used in the Apostle's Times A. It is indeed said of Some in those Times who had been Jewish Converts or had Received John's Baptism that they were Baptized in the Name of the Lord Jesus But this does not hinder but that they may have been Baptized as no doubt they were in the Words appointed by Christ for that purpose All it implies is that they were Baptized into the Faith and Gospel of Christ as by comparing the Passages of Scripture together it will Evidently appear See Act. viii 16 x. 48 xix 5 Rom. vi 3 Gal. iii. 7 Q. Are then the Words appointed by Christ so necessary that to Use any Other will destroy the Efficacy of this Sacrament A. That I dot say For as