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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A19712	A notable historie of the Saracens Briefly and faithfully descrybing the originall beginning, continuaunce and successe aswell of the Saracens, as also of Turkes, Souldans, Mamalukes, Assassines, Tartarians and Sophians. With a discourse of their affaires and actes from the byrthe of Mahomet their first péeuish prophet and founder for 700 yéeres space. VVhereunto is annexed a compendious chronycle of all their yeerely exploytes, from the sayde Mahomets time tyll this present yeere of grace. 1575. Drawn out of Augustine Curio and sundry other good authours by Thomas Newton.; Sarracenicae historiae libri tres. English	Curione, Celio Augustino, 1538-1567.; Newton, Thomas, 1542?-1607.	1575 (1575)	STC 6129; ESTC S109154	166,412	282

which wars Mahomet being put to the wors and by the Babilonian through helpe and ayde of Sclerus and the Roman captiues vanquished sent to the Turks for aide whose helpe and furtheraunce at a pinche as afore hath beene specified the Saracenes for certayne yeeres passed were accustomed in theyr Warres too vse and ioygne vnto them and the rather because they professed and embraced euen at the firste eruptions swaded that they were begotten and dyd come of the wylde Faunes But the Turkes and Tussagetes discendynge of their race and inhabityng the Northside of Mount Caucasus as before wee haue shewed differed muche from them as well in lyfe as manners and Lawes beinge notwithstandynge so lyke amonge themselues and so lynked together in League one with an other that they were taken and accompted for one People and peraduenture they were all one and were so called and named as prophane Persones by the Armenians their Neighbours from whome they receiued their Rites and whiche were called Sagae as muche to saye as holie For this worde Teutazites as in the Seconde Booke was shewed signifyeth in their language Gentiles or a prophane People For these names are of many Writers so mingled and taken together that the one seemeth to be theyr name the other their Surname Procopius saieth these People were nothing néere to the other Hunnes neyther had any thinge to doo with them but that they brodered vppon the Northe partes of Persia that is to witte Armenia For Armenia was euer lyghtlye subiect to the Crowne of Persia Neyther were they Wanderers from place to place as hauynge no habitation sauynge there where their Cattayle stayed and grazed as the other Hunnes or Scythians were but had in their Possession and inhabyted the beste Plottes and moste fertil● Regyon that was amonge the Dounes and Mountaynes rounde aboute and amonge the Hunnes they onely were white of complexion and coloure and not so ouglye nor so sterne visaged neyther lyuing so sauagelye and beastlye as the others dyd but lyke true Subiectes liued orderly in due obedience and humble subiection vnder one Prince whome they accepted as their head and King hauing also a well ordered Common wealth with due execution and imbracynge of Iustice and other politicall Lawes both at home amonge themselues and abroade with other forraine Nacions borderynge vppon them as the Greeques Romanes and dyuers other ciuile and well gouerned Nacions dyd also The chiefe Citie of all their Kingdome was called Gorga The noblest sorte and wealthyest persones amonge them had contynuallye seiourninge at their Houses as Gestes twenty or moe of their famylier Fréendes accordinglye as their Substaunce and Rychesse extended with whom both wealth authoritie and power was in common as the same Procopius sheweth and as their institution and manner of lyuinge to this day witnesseth Some there be whiche referre the firste originall of the Turkes to those tenne Tribes of Israell whiche as wee reade in Iosephus were translated into Media For proofe and Testimonye whereof they alledge the likenesse and similitude of their maners and conuersation Some referre their pedagrew to Gog and Magog of whome there is mencion made in the holie Scriptures from whom we rather be of opynion that the Tartarians yea and peraduenture also the Gothes be lineallye descended And some there bee whiche doo deriue the ofspringe and Progenie of them from the auncient Troians Whose seuerall opinions by waye of Argument either to confirme and allowe or confute and disprooue is no parte of our purpose and intent in this place sythince our onely meanyng is not to reason vppon probabilities but to bringe such certainelye knowen truthes as are in the histories and Chronologies of auncient writers aswell of Greekes and Thracians as of the Turkes themselues and other Nations confining vnto them published and mencioned which is euen so as before we haue declared Muchumet therfore desired ayde of their Prince in his warres against the Caliph of Babilon throughe whose helpe and valiaunce sent vnto him vnder the conducte of Tangrolipix Mucalet he encountred with Pisasire the Babylonian Caliph and him with litle labour and lesse daunger discomfited by reason that the Arabians were not hable to abyde the thicke shotte of the Turkishe Arrowes Beyng from this warre retourned home wyth victorie he mynded also to vse the ayde of the same Turkes in his Warres against the Indians At which season the Turkes weary of that seruice desired leaue of Muchumet not onely to retourne home but also that a garr●son might be appointed to wafte them in safetie ouer ●●e bridge that stoode vppon the Riuer Araxes Which request he tooke in suche disdaine and impacience that with frowning looke he charged them from thenceforth not to vrge him any more with that sute The Turkes had no other way in their retourne homeward but must néedes passe the said Riuer Araxes which is the limite and Border of the kingdome of Persia ouer the which there was no other Bridge but onely this which was on bothe sides merueylous strongly garded and fortified with Blocke-houses Turrettes and Garrisons The Turkes dreading further daūger priuily shranke away as closely as they could departed into the desert of Carbonitis For considering their number was not aboue three thousande men they durst not aduenture to fight and buckle wyth such a great multitude Béeyng in those desertes they made many vagaries into the Saracenes Territories and wasted theyr Countrey terriblye Whereat Muchumet merueilously stomacking and storming sent an Armye of 30000. men against them committing the charge and conducting of the whole Armie vnto tenne Tribunes of the noblest stoutest and wisest in his traine They beyng come néere to their enemies would not aduenture to enter into the desert for feare they should be distressed for lacke of water and victuall but encamped themselues euen in the verye entraunce into the same desert The Captaine of the Turkes hauing intelligēce by his Espialles of the Persians approch called his Souldiours together and making them priuie to his deuise purposed sodainly to set vpon them and vnawares to surprise both the Saracenes and Persians while they were yet secure and mistrusted nothing And spéeding apace toward them by great iournayes within two dayes was come néere vnto them The thirde night he set vppon them beyng in their Tentes carelesse and quiet suspecting nothing lesse then any such matter whom he put to flight euen at the first onset After this discomfiture of his enemies hee fell to spoyle and ransacke their Tentes where finding great store of Wagons Horses and Money lyued no longer by Robbery and Thefte lyke a Vagabonde or fugitiue as afore but from thence forthe pitched hys Tentes and encamped himselfe abroade in the open playne When the report of his victorie and good fortune was blowen abroade there resorted vnto him from all quarters thereaboute all suche Cutthroates and Villaines as for their vngracious demerites feared punishment wyth a great route of Slaues and pylfering Roges lyuing of the spoyle of

owne name Calataiub which is now called Calacaiud But he coulde not perfourme his purpose so fullye aboute the rest because there was diuers in sundrye partes of Spaine whiche vsurpyng the Kingdome were obstacles in his waye For whereas Corduba was the head Citie and Seats royall of all Spayne and the Captainshippes or gouernaunce of al the other Cities and Prouinces were distributed and bestowed vpon the noble men of the Countrey euery one imitating the fact of Abdeluzite called themselues Kinges of those places where their auctoritie and Iurisdiction laye Whereby Spayne was deuided into many Kingdomes as the Kingdome of Syuyle Granado Giaen Murtia Denia Sciatiua whiche was once called Setaba Valentia Tortosia Lerida Fraga Saragoza and mani other les places not of so great fame as these which Kinges so long as they agréed among themselues oftentimes afflicted Christendome with great ouerthrowes and oppressions but after that they fell at discord and intestine variaunce among themselues they gaue occasion to the Christians to recouer Spaine againe into their owne rightfull possession Which thing was first attempted as before we haue shewed by Pelagius who vsinge his valiauntnesse wisedome and myracles to his best commoditie and happelye takyng occasion by this dissention and discorde of his Enemies amonge themselues wanne agayne many cities and deliuered sundry townes out of the miserable thraldome of their tyrannie With hym did Alphonsus the sonne of Peter Duke of Calabria ioyne and take parte being descended of the ancient line of Richared King of Gothes vnto whome Pelagius gaue his Daughter Orismunda in mariage and they two atchiued many notable victories ouer the Miscreaunte Moores In the East after the discease of Aumar the Caliph Gizide the Sonne of Abdimelik succéeded and was installed in the pontificate in the yéere of our Lorde 722. In whose raigne there stepped vp an other Caliph and Gizid in Persia whose name was Moalabs Against whom was sent with a great army Masabnak who vanquished hym in battayle and subdued all Persia and thus Gizid the sonne of Abdimelick was the onely Caliph of all the Saracenes who raigned thrée yéeres and then died After whom his Sonne Euelide was created Caliph who entred the Romane Prouinces in Asia and Europa with a huge power but within a short while without perpetrating any notable exployte worthy of remembraunce he gaue hymselfe altogether to ydlenesse slouth and voluptuousnesse Notwithstanding in the seconde yéere of his Empire he sent Malsamas with an Hoast againe into Cappadocia who tooke the Citie Caesarea and Euelite he sent by an other way into Thracia who hauing wasted and spoyled it retourned into Syria About this time néere the Sea coastes of the lesse Asia the earth in the bottom of the sea burned in such sort that at the first there appeared nothynge but smoke but within awhile after such incredible store of hoat burning Pumise stones as though they had bene litle hilles in the Sea swam aboue water that with the same Pumyses al the shoares of lesse Asia Lesbos Abydos and Macedonia were full and the Sea it self semed all couered ouer a certaine Island at that time appeared and was discouered néere the holy Isle After this Euelide sent one Muauias and Amer with an Hoaste of .90000 Saracenes to besiege Nicaea a Citie of Bithynia which being most fiercely and strongly with all arte and pollicie by them assayled the Christians most valiauntly defending and beating them alwayes back with great slaughter and effusion of bloude at length they raised their Siege and returned home without any harme doing sauing that in their retourne they tooke a little Towne called Ateum Afterward the Prince of Gazaria sonne to Cagan king of Bulgaria warred vpon the Saracens in the borders of Armenia and Gradack the Pretor of Armenia Media a Saracene borne being in battaile vanquished and slaine he brought those two Prouinces againe vnder the subiection of the Romane Empire And in the yéere 730. Malsamas with a huige power entred into the Streightes of Caucasus and gaue battayle vnto the Turkes who at those dayes were called the Hunnes Teutazites which is to saie Gentile a fierre terrible people dwelling within those Mountaynes This blouddy battaile continued a whole day and many slaine on both sides till night came and brake of their fight vncertaine as yet to whether side the victorie woulde incline But Malsamas retired into Armenia for he had now concluded a peace with the sonne of King Cagan During all this while Pelagius hauing good successe in his Spanishe affaires against the Saracenes the Tarraconians liuing in the mountaines by the example of the Asturians created Garcias Scimenecius their King in the denne of Iean Pignia called Panouio And within a while after Pelagius when he had raigned .xiiij. yéeres dyed in the yéere of our Lord. 732. After whom his sonne Fafila succéeded who in the secōd yéere of his raigne was in a wodde deuoured of wilde Beares leauing no childrē behind him These kings appointed the chiefe Citie of their Kingdome at Legio which is now called Leon and bare in their Coate Armour a Lyon purple in a Shielde Argent Not because of the name of the citie where their Seate royall was whiche hath his name not of a Lyon but of a Legion of Souldiours whiche Cocceius Nerua placed there but because they fought so couragiously and eigrely for the sauegard and libertie of their countrey as though they had béene most fierce Lyons In the raigne of this Fafila the Saracenes passed into Fraunce by that part of the Pyrenees that was in their possession by the Mediterranean Sea. Fraunce was then possessed of the Frankes a people of Germanie who about 400. yéeres after the incarnation departing out of their natiue Countrey to séeke some other place where to plant thēselues had that part of high Bourgoyne next to Germanie geuen vnto them to inhabite by Aetius a Romane Senatour who then was Pretor of the Prouince of Gaule because he would haue some strong garrison and defence against the Hunnes who were then issued in great plumpes out of their owne Countrey and vnder the conduct of Attila spoyled and wasted Europa if they shoulde fortune to inuade Gaule which Realme is yet of their name called Fraunce For the Frankes were the warlikest stoutest people in all Germanie inhabiting as I thinke that region or portion thereof which is yet called Franconia or Frankland who afterward by little and little enlarging their dition obtained at length the regiment and Empire of all Fraunce in so muche that the name of the Frankes extended very farre But when the Franke or Frenche Kings addicted themselues to an ydle and voluptuous life and degenerated from the former stoutnes and valiaunce of their Progenitours not executing the administration of their affaires in their owne proper persons but exployted the same by vnder officers of their Court and Graund maisters of their Houshold Pipine the first of that name Sonne of Arnolph

causes of the Realme Charles still abode in the Valleye which for this cause is to this day called Charles Valley whyther he had remoued his Campe out of Hospita Who vnderstandinge of the great ouerthrow and losse of his Men retyred with al spéede againe into Fraunce Alphonsus excused himselfe by Ambassadours vnto him that all these thinges were attempted and done without his consent and knowledge with whome Charles renewed the former amytie and league betwene them stroken and concluded Then deuisinge in his minde to procure an atonement and vniuersall peace to the whole world sent his Ambassadours into Syria and Aegypt to conclude an amytie and peace with the Princes and Chiefe Rulers of the Infideles to the ende that they should the better vse and entreate the Christians liuing vnder their subiection Which he obteined insomuch that Aaron the high Caliph of Persia and Arabia who not longe afore rufflingly inuadyng the Prouinces of Asia that were vnder the Constantinopolitane Empire with CCC.M. men had enforced and by compulsion dryuen Nicephorus the emperour to redéeme and as it were to fer●●e peace at his hands by paying yéerely an annuall fée in gold from thenceforth not onely not infested and vexed the Christians but also gaue yéerely a great Masse and summe of moneye to the reliefe of those poore Captiues that liued vnder his rule and also sent his Ambassadours with great rewardes to King Charles For when Aaron had with many ouerthrowes and pillages miserably afflicted and frusshed the Romane empyre surpryzed and taken Tyana where he erected and dedicated a temple vnto Mahomet an infinite numbre of townes moe Nicephorus séeinge his matters goe to wrecke and distrustinge any better fortune sent his Letters to the Arabian to obteyne and request a peace accordinge to the tenour folowinge Why tho● shouldest thus vniustlie warre againste me and my dominions sythens I haue not wronged nor offended thée or who they be that counsaile thee therunto I know not neither do I se any cause reasonable to moue thée vnles it be peraduenture because thou hast a delight and pleasure in murther robberie and rapine For that thou doest it for religion sake thou canst not pretend a ny excuse sithens Machomet thy high Prophet commaūdeth you to vse and accoumpt al Christians as Brothers Doest thou thinke that Almightie God the creatour of all thinges and the staie of both the People whome he hath created and made after his owne similitude and lykenes is delighted with effusion and shéeding of innocent bloud God forbid For your Prophet Mahomet did not commaund you to offre vnto him any such sacrifice or satisfactorie exp●ation Or else perchaunce doest thou inuade the territories and prouinces belonginge to other men for some néede and want of Syluer Golde and such other thinges But alas there is no such store of these thinges with vs yea all precious iewelles and wares that are rare and hard to be gotten are among you in great plentie But if there be any thinge in our Countreys that may do thee pleasure why doest thou not aske it fréendly and we will bestow the same vpon the without delaye moste louingly If thou care not for man nor any force the mortall man can annoye thee with all yet know thou that there is a God which séeth and remembreth right and wronge For sythens we be mortall it is not comely nor fitte for vs to beare immortall grudge and endlesse enemitie one toward an other in that poinct to resemble imitate the Diuell which euer spighteth at mans felicity and soulehealth and is at perpetuall warre with all mankinde With these lettres sent not without rewardes and sumptuous presentes Aaron being appeased sent agayn many presentes and gyftes to Nicephorus concluded a peace with hym vpon a condition that the Emperour should pay yéerely vnto hym xxx M. Crownes and thrée for his owne head and as many for his Sonne and that he should not reedifie nor repayre such Townes as were rased and wasted by the saracenes But in the perfourmance of this agreement there was les faith in the Greke then in the Barbarian For Nicephorus after the departure of the Saracenes out of those townes immediatly reedified and fortyfied them Which dealyng when Aaron vnderstood he furnished out an other Armye into Grecia which tooke Thebes and sendinge a Nauy into Cyprus subuerted the Churches and expulsed the Cyprians And when Aaron had raigned xxiij yéeres he payed his debte to Nature after whom succéeded in the Pontificate his Sonne Muamat Who fallynge at mortall debate with his Brother Halad and with him coapynge in conflicte wherein his side went to wrack Fortune more fauoring his Brothers part grew to a composition with hym that they twaine should ioyntly with egal authoryty hauing both one and the same tytle or style enioy the Empire Then ther were created foure Tyrauntes whereof one had for his share Spayne an other Aphrica the third Aegipt and the fourth Syria and Palestina Wherevpon the Saracenical power began to decline for awhile the affayres of the Orient were indyfferently quiete among the Saracenes And Muamat the Caliph of Syria woulde not now haue his imperiall Seat at Damasco but buylded a newe citie néere where olde Babilon once stoode and called it Bagadat and it constituted the Pontificall Sea of Syria and all the Orient For the Persians were yet vnder his rule iurisdiction The Aegiptian kept his residence at his Metropolitane Citie of Cayre whiche was as before wee haue shewed buylded néere the place where olde Memphis earst stood Which after the Sea royall was in it appoyncted and kepte so encreased that at this daye it is thought to be one of the greatest Cities in the whole Worlde the chiefe Sea of Aphrica was accounted by Elagleb to be at Caioran whiche Citie was builte in Affrica when Ottmen had the regiment and gouernaunce of the Empyre and is distaunte from the Citie of Tunice about an hundreth Myles and from the Sea thyrtie and sixe Spaigne although it obeyed had in it many kings yet they all acknowledged the Byshop of Marrocco for their Diocesan whiche is a Citie of Mauritanie Tingitana He that gouourned Assyria was called the Caliph whiche name signyfieth a successoure because he boasted and bragged himself to be the Successoure of Mahomet The Aegiptian Byshoppe was called the Sultane and hee of Caioran lyke as the Assyrian dyd named himselfe a Caliph and hee of Marrocco by the auncient name of the Founder and buylder of that Citie was named a Miralmumine Vnder these there also arose certayne other lesse Kingdomes in Affrica as the Kyngdome of Tunice of Tripolis of Algeria of Oran of Fess and an innumerable sorte moe lesse then these For as euerye one was Ruler ouer anye Citie or Prouince So he called hymselfe Kinge of the same and possessinge the Stile and name thereof as due by inheritaunce lefte and delyuered the same as it were by hand to his