controversy_n by_o the_o way_n of_o arm_n in_o public_a this_o be_v their_o way_n of_o live_v then_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o altogether_o abolish_v in_o some_o place_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n prince_n and_o then_o king_n be_v bring_v in_o among_o they_o yet_o with_o a_o more_o limit_a authority_n than_o in_o other_o country_n and_o after_o a_o elective_a manner_n as_o for_o law_n king_n casimir_n introduce_v the_o teutonick_n there_o in_o the_o year_n 1368._o and_o establish_v a_o sovereign_a court_n of_o justice_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o kingdom_n for_o poland_n be_v then_o of_o a_o far_o great_a extent_n than_o it_o be_v now_o so_o that_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o great_a state_n whereas_o at_o this_o time_n it_o may_v be_v almost_o call_v a_o frontier_n town_n since_o it_o be_v but_o twelve_o league_n from_o thence_o to_o silesia_n which_o be_v then_o a_o province_n of_o poland_n and_o now_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n the_o king_n use_v always_o to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v the_o people_n take_v up_o arm_n as_o often_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a and_o every_o man_n be_v excite_v to_o give_v some_o proof_n of_o valour_n because_o there_o be_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o rise_v and_o obtain_v the_o right_n of_o nobility_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o reward_n to_o be_v expect_v as_o for_o those_o who_o be_v not_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o desire_n of_o honour_n and_o advancement_n the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n use_v to_o prevail_v with_o they_o for_o those_o who_o do_v not_o obey_v the_o king_n order_n be_v either_o whip_v with_o cord_n or_o cudgel_v into_o fight_v which_o convince_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o take_v arm_n with_o all_o speed_n in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n to_o levy_v military_a man_n with_o money_n in_o poland_n for_o there_o be_v none_o at_o that_o time_n in_o that_o kingdom_n where_o they_o then_o till_v the_o ground_n bare_o to_o supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o have_v no_o thought_n of_o export_v corn_n out_o of_o the_o country_n nor_o of_o import_v those_o thing_n that_o serve_v only_o for_o superfluity_n and_o good_a cheer_v the_o soil_n which_o be_v fruitful_a of_o itself_o supply_v every_o one_o with_o a_o sufficient_a subsistence_n so_o that_o the_o peasant_n be_v not_o compel_v to_o work_v hard_o for_o if_o they_o wrought_v never_o so_o little_a they_o do_v enough_o for_o their_o master_n and_o for_o themselves_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n begin_v to_o exchange_v corn_n for_o foreign_a merchandise_n and_o riches_n and_o luxury_n be_v bring_v into_o that_o kingdom_n the_o military_a vigour_n begin_v to_o abate_v and_o the_o slavery_n of_o the_o peasant_n become_v intolerable_a poland_n be_v now_o proper_o a_o republic_n and_o it_o be_v by_o that_o name_n that_o the_o polander_n call_v it_o look_v upon_o their_o king_n as_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o head_n of_o their_o common_a wealth_n this_o make_v they_o lessen_v the_o king_n authority_n more_o and_o more_o when_o a_o new_a one_o be_v to_o be_v elect_v still_o enlarge_a their_o own_o privilege_n and_o take_v care_n that_o his_o prerogative_n may_v not_o grow_v too_o great_a they_o be_v indeed_o so_o jealous_a of_o their_o liberty_n and_o so_o afraid_a of_o lose_v it_o that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v any_o fortify_v town_n upon_o the_o frontier_n for_o fear_v the_o king_n shall_v put_v a_o garrison_n in_o it_o and_o so_o shall_v make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n by_o degree_n that_o sentiment_n be_v so_o strong_o root_v within_o their_o heart_n that_o they_o prepossess_v their_o child_n with_o it_o betimes_o make_v they_o believe_v that_o their_o native_a freedom_n will_v soon_o be_v lose_v if_o ever_o they_o suffer_v any_o town_n to_o be_v fortify_v upon_o the_o frontier_n but_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o while_o they_o design_v to_o shun_v a_o great_a evil_n they_o fall_v into_o another_o that_o be_v worse_a since_o their_o neighbour_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o their_o enemy_n find_v the_o country_n open_a easy_o invade_v it_o and_o from_o time_n to_o time_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o some_o part_n of_o their_o state_n before_o the_o polander_n can_v be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o oppose_v their_o eruption_n as_o the_o swede_n do_v which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v compose_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n thus_o all_o the_o rite_n and_o privilege_n be_v joint_o hold_v by_o those_o three_o order_n insomuch_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o law_n make_v nor_o abrogate_a no_o war_n levy_v no_o alliance_n conclude_v with_o foreigner_n no_o imposition_n lay_v 〈◊〉_d nor_o no_o money_n coin_a but_o with_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a republic_n or_o of_o the_o senator_n that_o be_v depute_v for_o that_o end_n therefore_o some_o of_o these_o be_v always_o near_o the_o king_n person_n in_o order_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n the_o king_n dispose_v of_o all_o the_o consistorial_n benefice_n and_o of_o many_o other_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o office_n and_o place_n of_o profit_n in_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o he_o can_v keep_v they_o to_o himself_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v they_o upon_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o not_o upon_o foreigner_n though_o they_o have_v never_o so_o much_o personal_a merit_n or_o have_v do_v never_o so_o much_o service_n to_o the_o republic_n for_o the_o polander_n be_v so_o jealous_a of_o foreigner_n that_o they_o can_v endure_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v make_v they_o any_o connderable_a gratification_n as_o for_o instance_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n batori_n the_o hungarian_n have_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o republic_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n now_o that_o brave_a prince_n who_o have_v invite_v many_o of_o they_o into_o poland_n to_o repel_v that_o encroach_a enemy_n with_o their_o assistance_n think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o bestow_v some_o suitable_a reward_n upon_o they_o but_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o do_v this_o but_o that_o several_a of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o poland_n be_v strange_o exasperate_v particular_o the_o great_a general_n who_o resent_v it_o so_o high_o that_o he_o resign_v his_o place_n upon_o that_o account_n many_o other_o also_o murmur_v open_o against_o that_o prince_n which_o usage_n may_v seem_v the_o more_o ungenerous_a and_o ungrateful_a see_v they_o be_v so_o much_o oblige_v to_o that_o warlike_a king_n who_o have_v atcheive_v brave_a and_o great_a action_n for_o poland_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n thus_o all_o that_o a_o foreigner_n can_v pretend_v to_o in_o that_o republic_n can_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o the_o obtain_n the_o command_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o the_o grant_n of_o some_o little_a royal_a gift_n beside_o that_o he_o may_v be_v due_o qualify_v for_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o he_o must_v first_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n for_o otherwise_o the_o king_n can_v bestow_v any_o such_o thing_n upon_o he_o however_o there_o be_v some_o little_a royal_a gift_n and_o benefice_n which_o a_o man_n may_v hold_v without_o be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o in_o the_o main_a it_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n to_o possess_v a_o estate_n or_o place_n of_o considerable_a profit_n in_o that_o kingdom_n that_o king_n stephen_n battori_n who_o we_o just_a now_o mention_v think_v fit_a to_o procure_v the_o indigenate_n that_o be_v the_o right_n of_o nobility_n to_o two_o of_o his_o kinsman_n at_o the_o session_n of_o the_o diet_n which_o he_o have_v summon_v to_o meet_v the_o 13_o of_o december_n 1386._o for_o as_o he_o have_v no_o child_n he_o be_v desirous_a of_o advance_v those_o of_o his_o brother_n and_o be_v persuade_v that_o this_o naturalisation_n will_v enable_v he_o to_o prefer_v they_o to_o something_o more_o considerable_a but_o that_o great_a prince_n be_v prevent_v by_o death_n in_o the_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o his_o age_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v ten_o year_n one_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o profit_n of_o so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o of_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v need_v gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o
year_n 1386._o by_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr jagillon_n who_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n that_o he_o may_v marry_v hedwige_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n and_o who_o with_o his_o religion_n change_v also_o his_o name_n and_o be_v call_v viadislaus_n for_o the_o polander_n be_v christian_n long_o before_o have_v receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n ann_n 964_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o miecislans_n i._n who_o after_o he_o have_v divorce_v seven_o pagan_a wife_n be_v convert_v and_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o boleslaus_n king_n of_o bohemiae_n who_o be_v a_o christian_n these_o two_o estate_n be_v contiguous_a to_o one-another_o and_o be_v now_o but_o one_o body_n be_v unite_v in_o the_o same_o interest_n under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o same_o religion_n especial_o since_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o grodeck_n on_o the_o river_n bug_n between_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n in_o the_o year_n 1413._o where_o the_o union_n be_v renew_v and_o where_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o for_o the_o future_a they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o law_n and_o privilege_n and_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o two_o estate_n which_o be_v ratify_v and_o sign_v by_o all_o the_o senator_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v govern_v by_o distinct_a officer_n each_o of_o they_o have_v a_o grand_a marshal_n and_o a_o petty_a or_o sub-marshal_n who_o they_o call_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n a_o chancellor_n vicechancellor_n and_o treasurer_n who_o be_v all_o senator_n those_o of_o the_o crown_n for_o poland_n and_o those_o of_o the_o duchy_n for_o lithuania_n and_o be_v equal_a in_o dignity_n and_o power_n only_o those_o of_o the_o crown_n take_v place_n of_o those_o of_o the_o duchy_n the_o office_n of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o peace_n and_o prevent_v tumult_n or_o disturbance_n both_o in_o the_o diet_n and_o in_o the_o king_n household_n to_o punish_v offender_n even_o with_o death_n and_o without_o appeal_n from_o his_o judgement_n except_o in_o case_n of_o great_a importance_n which_o may_v be_v bring_v before_o the_o king_n he_o have_v also_o power_n to_o command_v silence_n to_o give_v leave_n to_o speak_v to_o introduce_v ambassador_n to_o appoint_v they_o their_o lodging_n and_o to_o fix_v the_o price_n of_o all_o commodity_n and_o merchandize_n this_o last_o branch_n of_o his_o authority_n be_v extreme_o advantageous_a to_o he_o for_o the_o merchant_n give_v he_o very_o considerable_a present_n that_o they_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o sell_v their_o good_n at_o exorbitant_a rate_n the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v choose_v by_o turn_n out_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n but_o those_o of_o the_o duchy_n be_v always_o layman_n the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o seal_n and_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v use_v indifferent_o for_o they_o have_v both_o a_o equal_a authority_n only_o the_o latter_a give_v place_n to_o the_o former_a and_o never_o give_v judgement_n but_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o chancellor_n by_o his_o office_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o civil_a affair_n and_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n revenue_n it_o be_v also_o his_o duty_n to_o take_v care_n that_o nothing_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n or_o injurious_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n and_o that_o the_o intrigue_n of_o foreigner_n may_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o republic_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o chancellor_n and_o vicechancellor_n be_v so_o great_a that_o in_o several_a case_n they_o may_v affix_v their_o seal_n without_o the_o king_n order_n and_o refuse_v to_o seal_v such_o thing_n for_o he_o as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o state_n it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o chancellor_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n of_o the_o vicechancellor_n to_o answer_v all_o the_o harangue_n that_o be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n by_o ambassador_n and_o he_o of_o the_o two_o who_o be_v a_o clergyman_n have_v power_n over_o the_o secretary_n priest_n and_o preacher_n of_o the_o court_n and_o over_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n the_o treasurer_n be_v proper_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o public_a treasure_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o he_o by_o four_o other_o officer_n who_o keep_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o it_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v one_o copy_n to_o the_o king_n and_o another_o to_o the_o treasurer_n his_o office_n empower_n he_o to_o prevent_v the_o waste_n or_o embezel_v of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o of_o those_o which_o be_v appoint_v for_o maintain_v the_o king_n table_n and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o sign_v all_o the_o contract_v the_o king_n make_v which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v void_a he_o ought_v also_o to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o republic_n do_v not_o sustain_v any_o damage_n by_o the_o contract_n that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o coin_n of_o new_a money_n when_o the_o treasurer_n be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n the_o general_n diet_n order_v a_o committee_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n to_o examine_v his_o account_n and_o to_o give_v he_o a_o acquittance_n without_o which_o the_o republic_n may_v still_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n for_o the_o administration_n of_o his_o employment_n and_o therefore_o since_o this_o acquittance_n be_v of_o such_o vast_a importance_n to_o the_o grand_a treasurer_n great_a interest_n be_v always_o make_v about_o the_o nomination_n of_o the_o commissioner_n that_o be_v appoint_v to_o examine_v his_o account_n because_o he_o be_v oblige_v not_o only_o to_o entertain_v the_o commissioner_n but_o also_o to_o give_v they_o considerable_a present_n to_o obtain_v his_o discharge_n the_o petty_a or_o sub-marshal_n or_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n who_o be_v the_o last_o of_o the_o five_o officer_n that_o be_v member_n of_o the_o senate_n execute_v the_o office_n of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o death_n or_o demise_n of_o that_o officer_n he_o succeed_v in_o course_n as_o the_o vice_n chancellor_n be_v in_o such_o case_n promote_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o chancellor_n so_o that_o before_o a_o man_n can_v be_v grand_a marshal_n or_o chancellor_n he_o must_v first_o be_v petty_a marshal_n or_o vice_n chancellor_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o poland_n into_o province_n the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n former_o contain_v fifteen_o great_a province_n which_o the_o king_n retain_v still_o in_o his_o title_n as_o king_n of_o poland_n duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n livonia_n volhinia_n kiovia_n podolia_n podlassia_n smolensko_n siâ—eria_n and_o czerniechovia_n but_o at_o present_a there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o nine_o province_n subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n viz._n great_a and_o little_a poland_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n upper_a volhinia_n and_o podlassia_n or_o podlachia_n great_a poland_n be_v so_o call_v because_o lechus_n first_o king_n of_o the_o polander_n settle_v his_o residence_n at_o gnesna_n in_o this_o province_n it_o be_v also_o call_v lower_n poland_n and_o posnania_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n this_o province_n contain_v eight_o palatinate_n viz._n posnâ—â—â—_n kalisch_n lencici_n breast_n inowlocz_n siradiae_n kawa_n and_o ploosko_fw-mi it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n on_o the_o south_n with_o little_a poland_n on_o the_o east_n with_o massovia_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o silesia_n and_o the_o new_a marquisate_n of_o brandâ—nburg_n the_o river_n warta_n run_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o province_n little_a poland_n which_o be_v also_o call_v upper_a poland_n contain_v three_o 〈◊〉_d cracow_n saâ—domir_n and_o lublin_n it_o border_n with_o massovia_n and_o great_a poland_n on_o the_o north_n mount_v crapat_v on_o the_o south_n black_a russia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o silesia_n on_o the_o west_n and_o the_o river_n vistula_n run_v through_o it_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o starosta_n of_o cracow_n be_v not_o only_a governor_n of_o the_o castle_n but_o also_o the_o defender_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o of_o the_o public_a tranquillity_n which_o entitle_v he_o to_o a_o large_a jurisdiction_n both_o over_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o the_o gentry_n as_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n though_o jagillon_n begin_v to_o unite_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n anno_fw-la 1386_o and_o though_o that_o union_n be_v afterward_o renew_v in_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o grodeck_n between_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n in_o 1413_o yet_o it_o still_o retain_v its_o own_o duke_n and_o
ix_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o the_o bishop_n all_o the_o bishop_n be_v senator_n and_o precede_v the_o secular_a member_n there_o be_v but_o 16_o bishopric_n in_o the_o kingdom_n 3_o of_o which_o be_v usurp_v by_o its_o enemy_n viz._n those_o of_o smolensko_n and_o kiovia_n by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o that_o of_o caminiec_n by_o the_o turk_n nevertheless_o the_o dignity_n be_v still_o retain_v and_o when_o they_o become_v vacant_a there_o be_v always_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o competitor_n who_o solicit_v the_o king_n for_o those_o title_n that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v apostolical_a legate_n by_o his_o office_n the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o senator_n and_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o privilege_n be_v annex_v to_o this_o see_v by_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n whither_o he_o who_o be_v then_o archbishop_n be_v send_v by_o king_n vladislaus_n jagellon_n to_o assert_v his_o right_n to_o prussia_n against_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n for_o that_o prelate_n be_v inform_v that_o during_o his_o absence_n the_o king_n have_v marry_v elizabeth_n daughter_n to_o the_o palatine_a of_o sandomir_n anno_fw-la 1416._o and_o cause_v she_o to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopold_n and_o fear_v lest_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o privilege_n of_o crown_v the_o king_n prevail_v with_o the_o council_n to_o declare_v and_o ordain_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n shall_v from_o thenceforth_o be_v primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o a_o appeal_n may_v be_v bring_v before_o he_o not_o only_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n but_o also_o from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopold_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1513._o john_n laski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v send_v to_o rome_n by_o king_n sigismond_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n obtain_v of_o leo_n the_o xth_o for_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o successor_n the_o quality_n of_o legatus_fw-la natus_fw-la of_o the_o holy_a apostolic_a see_n the_o authority_n of_o this_o prelate_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o draw_v a_o sword_n or_o so_o much_o as_o to_o speak_v indecent_o in_o his_o presence_n beside_o when_o the_o king_n act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n the_o archbishop_n may_v assemble_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n to_o oppose_v he_o and_o during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la he_o have_v power_n to_o coin_n money_n the_o cross_n be_v carry_v before_o he_o when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n or_o to_o the_o diet_n and_o when_o he_o sit_v on_o almoner_n hold_v it_o behind_o his_o chair_n and_o as_o a_o far_a mark_n of_o his_o grandeur_n he_o have_v a_o senator_n and_o castellan_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o marshal_n who_o ride_v before_o his_o coach_n bear_v his_o staff_n upright_o which_o he_o never_o bow_v but_o before_o the_o king_n and_o when_o the_o other_o marshal_n be_v absent_a he_o have_v the_o privilege_n to_o carry_v the_o staff_n upright_o before_o his_o majesty_n and_o to_o march_v before_o he_o to_o church_n or_o to_o the_o diet._n when_o the_o archbishop_n come_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o stair_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n he_o stop_v there_o till_o the_o king_n send_v the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o his_o court_n to_o salute_v he_o the_o sub-marshal_n attend_v he_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stair_n and_o when_o he_o enter_v the_o antichamber_n the_o king_n come_v out_o of_o his_o chamber_n to_o meet_v he_o he_o never_o make_v a_o visit_n but_o to_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n who_o he_o only_o visit_v once_o not_o even_o to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o crown_v head_n who_o have_v visit_v he_o it_o be_v he_o who_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la be_v the_o head_n and_o regent_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o who_o regulate_v the_o sentiment_n of_o all_o the_o nobleman_n who_o be_v assemble_v by_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n it_o be_v he_o who_o send_v circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o give_v they_o notice_n of_o the_o king_n death_n that_o they_o may_v hold_v their_o petty_a diet_n and_o to_o acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o time_n of_o the_o general_n diet._n and_o when_o any_o extraordinary_a affair_n happen_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la some_o nobleman_n and_o senator_n be_v choose_v to_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o so_o difficult_a a_o juncture_n the_o polander_n have_v lodge_v so_o great_a a_o authority_n in_o the_o person_n of_o this_o prelate_n because_o they_o dare_v not_o entrust_v a_o layman_n with_o it_o lest_o his_o ambition_n shall_v prompt_v he_o to_o aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o it_o be_v he_o who_o proclaim_v the_o new_a king_n after_o he_o be_v choose_v which_o be_v so_o great_a and_o so_o considerable_a a_o privilege_n that_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o candidate_n look_v upon_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o the_o person_n on_o who_o the_o success_n of_o their_o negotiation_n depend_v and_o leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o gain_v his_o favour_n because_o the_o king_n can_v be_v due_o elect_v unless_o he_o be_v afterward_o proclaim_v to_o confirm_v this_o i_o shall_v relate_v what_o happen_v at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1674._o one_o czartoreski_n of_o the_o faction_n of_o austria_n an_z intimate_v friend_n of_o chancellor_n putz_n and_o consequent_o a_o great_a enemy_n to_o the_o french_a faction_n and_o the_o marshal_n sobieski_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n be_v then_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o in_o that_o quality_n have_v the_o power_n of_o proclaim_v the_o king_n he_o will_v never_o have_v be_v prevail_v with_o to_o proclaim_v the_o great_a marshal_n but_o die_v three_o day_n before_o the_o election_n the_o right_a of_o proclamation_n be_v devolve_v upon_o trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o marshal_n sobieski_n proclaim_v he_o with_o joy_n there_o be_v but_o 16_o bishopric_n in_o poland_n as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v but_o they_o be_v general_o of_o a_o vast_a extent_n and_o endow_v with_o great_a revenue_n which_o may_v be_v easy_o believe_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o that_o kidgdom_n after_o all_o its_o loss_n be_v still_o as_o large_a as_o france_n the_o first_o be_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o gnesna_n in_o low_a poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kalisch_n about_o 9_o league_n from_o that_o city_n towards_o the_o north._n this_o place_n which_o be_v once_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v now_o only_a a_o great_a unwal_v village_n without_o the_o conveniency_n of_o a_o river_n the_o second_o be_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o leopold_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o black_a russia_n and_o take_v its_o name_n from_o leo_n duke_n of_o that_o province_n who_o as_o he_o be_v ravage_v poland_n with_o a_o army_n of_o tartar_n and_o russian_n be_v entire_o defeat_v by_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n ann._n 1279_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o lesko_n the_o black_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n very_o mean_o fortify_v without_o a_o river_n and_o defend_v only_o by_o a_o inconsiderable_a castle_n upon_o a_o eminence_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o many_o sieges_n it_o have_v sustain_v have_v be_v once_o besiege_a by_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n at_o another_o time_n by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o cossack_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 120000_o man_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a after_o which_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n by_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n miâ—â—â—el_n this_o city_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o 3_o bishop_n viz._n a_o latin_n catholic_n archbishop_n a_o armenian_a catholic_n archbishop_n and_o a_o russian_a scismatical_a greek_a bishop_n the_o first_o latin_a archbishop_n be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n call_v christinus_fw-la who_o be_v consecrate_a by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesâ—a_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n casimir_n who_o erect_v this_o see_n anno_fw-la 1361._o i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o of_o the_o archbishop_n since_o they_o differ_v not_o from_o other_o catholic_n only_o the_o armenian_n have_v their_o particular_a ornament_n and_o ceremony_n and_o the_o man_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o woman_n in_o the_o church_n but_o i_o shall_v take_v this_o occasion_n to_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o peculiar_a rite_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o russian_n their_o bishop_n be_v always_o a_o unmarried_a person_n because_o he_o be_v choose_v among_o the_o monk_n of_o
lutheran_n persuasion_n in_o the_o last_o age_n as_o do_v most_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n they_o begin_v to_o imbibe_n that_o doctrine_n in_o the_o year_n 1525._o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n the_o first_o who_o do_v not_o dare_v to_o oppose_v it_o because_o he_o be_v afraid_a of_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n the_o truce_n which_o he_o have_v make_v with_o they_o be_v then_o near_o expire_v sigismond_n augustus_n have_v afterward_o receive_v the_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o himself_o and_o the_o republic_n from_o albert_n duke_n of_o prussia_n he_o confirm_v the_o people_n of_o prussia_n in_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o make_v open_a profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n belief_n according_a to_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o dantzic_n be_v lutheran_n and_o the_o other_o part_n calvinist_n there_o be_v only_o some_o few_o roman_a catholik_o and_o anabaptist_n for_o there_o be_v a_o entire_a liberty_n of_o conscience_n yet_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o whole_a government_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lutheran_n none_o of_o the_o other_o sect_n be_v admit_v to_o a_o share_n the_o roman_a catholik_o have_v a_o church_n there_o which_o be_v a_o convent_n of_o dominican_n monk_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o parish_n to_o all_o those_o that_o reside_v in_o the_o town_n the_o jesuit_n have_v also_o a_o house_n in_o the_o suburb_n where_o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o nunnery_n as_o for_o the_o lutheran_n they_o have_v that_o stately_a church_n which_o be_v of_o old_a enjoy_v by_o the_o roman_a catholic_n and_o which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o fine_a building_n that_o i_o have_v see_v in_o poland_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o at_o dantzic_n even_o among_o the_o lutheran_n they_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n nunicio_n that_o reside_v in_o poland_n in_o several_a eclesiastical_a case_n as_o for_o licenses_fw-la and_o dispensation_n to_o marry_v in_o a_o degree_n forbid_v by_o the_o canon_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n but_o only_o that_o it_o disclaim_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o poland_n its_o inhabitant_n say_v that_o it_o do_v not_o submit_v to_o the_o polander_n but_o only_o to_o the_o king_n to_o vindicate_v that_o right_n of_o exemption_n the_o dantzicker_n take_v arm_n in_o the_o year_n 1576._o and_o march_v as_o far_o as_o ditschow_n upon_o the_o vistula_n with_o some_o force_n which_o they_o have_v raise_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o certain_a officer_n call_v john_n of_o cologn_n who_o have_v before_o that_o deafen_a marienburg_n but_o they_o be_v defeat_v by_o the_o army_n of_o poland_n however_o the_o king_n afterward_o forgive_v they_o at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o brandenburg_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v send_v any_o ambassador_n to_o foreign_a prince_n nor_o receive_v any_o from_o they_o without_o the_o senate_n consent_n though_o it_o be_v he_o that_o be_v to_o give_v they_o audience_n neither_o can_v he_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o any_o account_n let_v the_o importance_n be_v what_o it_o will_n sigismond_n iii_n have_v hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n king_n of_o sweden_n summon_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n 1592._o that_o the_o republic_n may_v consent_v to_o the_o journey_n which_o he_o intend_v to_o take_v into_o swedeland_n and_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1370_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o return_v into_o hungary_n be_v oblige_v to_o ask_v consent_n and_o to_o enlarge_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n that_o he_o may_v obtain_v it_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v a_o right_a to_o judge_v and_o determine_v civil_a and_o criminal_a case_n the_o definitive_a sentence_n in_o all_o jurisdiction_n be_v past_o according_a to_o the_o majority_n of_o vote_n but_o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o king_n be_v single_a vote_n save_v the_o offender_n life_n and_o this_o because_o he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o pardon_v all_o manner_n of_o criminal_n by_o what_o tribunal_n soever_o they_o be_v condemn_v but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o decision_n of_o those_o affair_n that_o concern_v the_o republic_n which_o be_v handle_v in_o a_o general_a diet_n where_o all_o the_o nobility_n be_v assemble_v by_o its_o deputy_n for_o than_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o have_v the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o those_o deputy_n who_o number_n be_v considerable_a before_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v conclude_v and_o determine_v so_o that_o as_o often_o as_o any_o one_o member_n of_o the_o assembly_n will_v not_o consent_v and_o enter_v his_o protestation_n the_o diet_n break_v off_o and_o all_o the_o deputy_n depart_v nor_o can_v the_o king_n oblige_v they_o to_o stay_v nor_o get_v another_o diet_n to_o assemble_v till_o three_o month_n after_o that_o which_o then_o break_v off_o but_o though_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v hardly_o do_v any_o thing_n by_o himself_o yet_o he_o may_v take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n regulate_v their_o number_n and_o command_v the_o army_n not_o but_o that_o he_o that_o be_v great_a general_n of_o it_o still_o have_v a_o great_a authority_n over_o the_o soldier_n as_o i_o will_v show_v hereafter_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o general_n the_o senate_n of_o poland_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o bishop_n palatine_n castellan_n and_o the_o ten_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o dignity_n entitle_v they_o to_o a_o place_n in_o that_o assembly_n it_o be_v institute_v to_o regulate_v according_a to_o the_o justice_n and_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n all_o that_o be_v transact_v for_o the_o good_a and_o security_n of_o the_o state_n the_o king_n create_v the_o senator_n and_o before_o he_o advances_n they_o to_o that_o honour_n make_v they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o republic_n but_o after_o they_o be_v once_o admit_v into_o that_o body_n they_o can_v be_v afterward_o displace_v in_o the_o general_n diet_v they_o sit_v at_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o king_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o seniority_n of_o their_o reception_n it_o be_v they_o who_o with_o the_o king_n approve_v and_o ratify_v all_o the_o constitution_n which_o the_o nobility_n propose_v to_o they_o by_o their_o deputy_n so_o that_o the_o senator_n be_v as_o it_o be_v mediator_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o nobility_n to_o preserve_v and_o defend_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o republic_n for_o it_o be_v in_o this_o order_n that_o the_o authority_n be_v proper_o lodge_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o person_n of_o which_o it_o be_v compose_v but_o by_o a_o power_n they_o derive_v from_o the_o law_n which_o determine_v their_o respective_a duty_n and_o privilege_n the_o senator_n value_v their_o dignity_n so_o much_o that_o they_o despise_v all_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n which_o the_o emperor_n be_v wont_a to_o bestow_v thus_o when_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o his_o brother_n vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n go_v to_o vienna_n the_o emperor_n offer_v to_o confer_v upon_o the_o senator_n who_o accompany_v they_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o they_o refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o say_v that_o since_o they_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o have_v power_n to_o treat_v with_o their_o king_n both_o of_o peace_n and_o war_n he_o do_v they_o a_o injury_n to_o think_v that_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n can_v either_o be_v more_o honourable_a or_o great_a than_o that_o of_o senator_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n the_o senator_n swear_v to_o maintain_v the_o right_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o republic_n against_o all_o opposition_n so_o that_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v attempt_v to_o extend_v his_o power_n beyond_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n which_o he_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o preserve_v the_o senator_n may_v put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o oath_n without_o lose_v that_o respect_n which_o be_v due_a to_o his_o majesty_n and_o therefore_o there_o ought_v always_o to_o be_v four_o senator_n at_o court_n both_o to_o assist_v the_o king_n with_o their_o counsel_n and_o to_o see_v that_o nothing_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o their_o privilege_n which_o the_o polander_n believe_v to_o be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o secure_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o republic_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o none_o of_o the_o senator_n must_v go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o leave_n obtain_v of_o the_o republic_n not_o even_o for_o change_v of_o air_n or_o to_o drink_v the_o water_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o their_o health_n chap._n
who_o esteem_v nothing_o more_o decent_a nothing_o more_o worthy_a to_o be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n than_o the_o respect_n they_o pay_v their_o prince_n and_o have_v hand_v down_o to_o we_o the_o esteem_n they_o have_v for_o they_o we_o have_v always_o use_v our_o endeavour_n to_o maintain_v and_o increase_v the_o good_a will_n and_o reputation_n of_o our_o prince_n to_o the_o vigorous_a maintenance_n whereof_o not_o only_o our_o honourable_a emulation_n of_o our_o ancestor_n virtue_n not_o only_o the_o obligation_n and_o gratitude_n we_o owe_v to_o the_o royal_a race_n of_o jagello_n which_o for_o almost_o three_o hundred_o year_n together_o have_v govern_v we_o so_o auspicious_o do_v excite_v we_o but_o the_o extraordinary_a endowment_n of_o his_o present_a majesty_n who_o have_v govern_v our_o state_n with_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o reputation_n as_o his_o great_a predecessor_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n attract_v both_o our_o veneration_n and_o admiration_n he_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o undertake_v noble_a design_n to_o endure_v the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o cold_a of_o winter_n to_o be_v vigilant_a in_o campain_n to_o suffer_v hunger_n and_o thirst_n to_o lie_v on_o the_o cold_a ground_n to_o spend_v sleepless_a night_n and_o as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v necessity_n or_o occasion_n hazard_v his_o own_o life_n for_o his_o subject_n safety_n he_o be_v famous_a in_o the_o art_n both_o of_o peace_n and_o war_n and_o gain_v a_o especial_a esteem_n for_o his_o clemency_n whereupon_o we_o interpose_v the_o weighty_a authority_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a senate_n the_o humble_a request_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o both_o country_n the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o whole_a republic_n and_o the_o desire_n of_o several_a prince_n last_o we_o object_v to_o he_o the_o prohibition_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o tie_v of_o his_o oath_n but_o when_o all_o these_o motive_n can_v not_o prevail_v nor_o alter_v the_o unshaken_a mind_n of_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n from_o his_o thought_n of_o eternity_n we_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o yield_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o our_o fate_n and_o no_o long_o to_o attempt_v to_o remove_v his_o majesty_n from_o his-resolution_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n have_v issue_v forth_o his_o letter_n patent_n which_o we_o have_v design_v for_o a_o pledge_n of_o our_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a fidelity_n and_o have_v add_v another_o more_o particular_a one_o whereby_o he_o release_v we_o and_o all_o his_o subject_n from_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o from_o all_o other_o obligation_n we_o likewise_o on_o our_o part_n by_o these_o our_o letter_n patent_n do_v release_v his_o majesty_n from_o the_o oath_n make_v by_o his_o deputy_n as_o well_o before_o his_o coronation_n in_o the_o church_n of_o warsaw_n as_o afterward_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o cracow_n and_o we_o disannul_v it_o to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n provide_v that_o our_o right_n and_o privilege_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v preserve_v and_o that_o this_o act_n may_v not_o prejudice_v a_o free_a election_n our_o law_n and_o liberty_n nor_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o precedent_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o premise_n we_o have_v affix_v our_o hand_n date_v at_o warsaw_n sept._n 16._o an._n dom._n 1668._o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o majesty_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n be_v adjust_v to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o people_n and_o all_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n together_o with_o the_o king_n be_v keep_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o equity_n so_o that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o king_n shall_v fail_v in_o his_o duty_n and_o aim_v at_o the_o invade_v of_o the_o property_n of_o his_o subject_n he_o be_v immediate_o check_v therein_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n who_o be_v swear_v to_o do_v it_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n dedepend_v on_o the_o grave_a advice_n of_o his_o senate_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o senators_z and_o all_o the_o knight_n reverence_n love_n and_o honour_n his_o sacred_a majesty_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o lay_v down_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n for_o his_o benefit_n and_o preservation_n a_o account_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o socinianism_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o sect_n poland_n be_v at_o first_o convert_v by_o s._n adalbert_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n from_o paganism_n to_o christianity_n and_o have_v continue_v steadfast_a ever_o since_o for_o almost_o seven_o hundred_o year_n in_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n it_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o romish_a principle_n by_o he_o and_o have_v always_o pay_v a_o very_a great_a respect_n to_o the_o holy_a see_v and_o endeavour_v to_o excel_v all_o other_o in_o their_o zeal_n for_o its_o interest_n at_o present_a since_o the_o extirpation_n of_o the_o hussit_n berengarian_o picard_n anabaptist_n arian_n tritheist_n photian_n ebionite_n reactitorian_n and_o a_o world_n of_o such_o like_a heresy_n and_o last_o of_o the_o socinian_o who_o by_o the_o countenance_n of_o some_o nobleman_n and_o the_o toleration_n once_o allow_v have_v swarm_v in_o poland_n the_o roman_a religion_n chief_o prevail_v in_o that_o country_n the_o king_n indeed_o promise_v upon_o oath_n before_o his_o coronation_n to_o protect_v the_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n the_o greek_n likewise_o and_o the_o jew_n have_v the_o same_o toleration_n there_o which_o they_o have_v in_o many_o other_o country_n and_o as_o the_o case_n now_o stand_v that_o old_a proverb_n which_o say_v whoever_o have_v lose_v his_o religion_n may_v find_v it_o in_o poland_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o be_v no_o long_o true_a of_o that_o kingdom_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o a_o clear_a account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o how_o they_o creep_v in_o and_o how_o they_o be_v at_o last_o throw_v out_o can_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o author_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v it_o you_o as_o brief_o and_o orderly_o as_o i_o can_v this_o pernicious_a heresy_n of_o socinianism_n which_o by_o christian_n ought_v to_o be_v detest_v above_o all_o other_o which_o do_v not_o strike_v at_o any_o particular_a article_n but_o shake_v and_o almost_o overthrow_v the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o our_o religion_n come_v out_o of_o italy_n 1546._o in_o the_o year_n 1546._o and_o begin_v at_o first_o in_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n at_o vincenza_n by_o forty_o men._n two_o of_o they_o julius_n trevisanus_n and_o franciscus_n ruigo_n be_v take_v and_o strangle_v at_o venice_n the_o rest_n to_o avoid_v the_o same_o fate_n leave_v italy_n and_o dwell_v in_o turkey_n poland_n transilvania_n suitzerland_n and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o a_o toleration_n of_o religion_n be_v allow_v the_o first_o who_o spread_v the_o error_n of_o this_o heresy_n in_o poland_n be_v a_o certain_a dutchman_n name_v spicillus_n alius_fw-la fricius_n a_o disciple_n of_o erasmus_n and_o well_o skilled_a in_o hebrew_a greek_a and_o latin_a under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1546._o he_o come_v to_o cracow_n where_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n he_o be_v treat_v very_o noble_o as_o a_o stranger_n by_o the_o mayor_n of_o the_o city_n at_o this_o treat_n there_o be_v several_a nobleman_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n andreas_n modrevius_n the_o king_n secretary_n this_o man_n upon_o start_v several_a doubt_n concern_v the_o ever_o bless_a trinity_n be_v the_o first_o that_o follow_v the_o dutchman_n in_o his_o error_n who_o by_o the_o secretary_n mean_v induce_v the_o king_n himself_o to_o be_v his_o disciple_n the_o king_n be_v thus_o wrought_v upon_o by_o his_o secretary_n the_o dutchman_n be_v soon_o follow_v by_o laelius_n socinus_n who_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o italy_n abscond_v at_o zurich_n where_o when_o he_o once_o hear_v how_o successful_o the_o dutchman_n have_v spread_v his_o heresy_n in_o poland_n he_o immediate_o take_v along_o with_o he_o alicatus_n parata_fw-la and_o ochinus_n three_o of_o his_o associate_n and_o come_v to_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1551._o he_o be_v introduce_v into_o the_o king_n court_n by_o the_o secretary_n where_o he_o infuse_v his_o error_n into_o lismaninus_n queen_n bona_n confessor_n and_o many_o other_o courtier_n many_o nobleman_n and_o senator_n of_o all_o order_n be_v corrupt_v by_o these_o man_n and_z at_o last_o they_o draw_v into_o their_o party_n james_n sieninski_n palatine_n of_o podolia_n and_o lord_n of_o racovia_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n he_o turn_v from_o calvinism_n to_o socinianism_n and_o build_v a_o printing-house_n and_o a_o academy_n at_o racovia_n for_o the_o use_v of_o this_o sect._n this_o town_n be_v very_o pleasant_a for_o the_o temperature_n of_o its_o air_n for_o the_o sweetness_n of_o its_o situation_n for_o the_o lake_n fountain_n grove_n walk_n and_o