of all ranks Orders and Conditions not only of ignorant or private men but of the most learned and wise not a few leaving their ancient and countrey-rites and Religions in which they were born and bred without any hope of any Earthly advantage nay but rather with a certain expectation of afflictions ignominy and all manner of dangers and miseries did most constantly adhere and cleave thereunto yea so far did the force hereof prevail that all other Religions else although every where establisht by humane power and force the Jewish only excepted because that was of God did almost wholly vanish and became extinct at the rising brightness of the same A Prolepsis or prevention and answering of an objection touching the Testimony of the Church 8. And although indeed the primitive Church which was in the Apostles days might most certainly know and undoubtedly also did know that these †Luk. 1. 1. Col. 4. 16. 1 Thes 5. 27. and 2 Thes 3. 17. Books were written or at least approved of by the Apostles and delivered as it were from hand to hand the knowledg hereof unto us and deposited or left the same with us as a certain pledg in trust yet do we not therefore hold these Books for True and Divine because the primitive Church hath by its uncontrollable Judgment judged them true or that they contain in them Divine Sences or Meanings and hath by its infallible Authority decreed that they be held or accounted for such For first it was not necessary that the Church by its Judgment should define and by its Authority determine that those Books which were written or approved of by the Apostles were true and Divine or of God or no for that both before and without all such manner of Judgment was altogether certain and undoubted of by all Christians both in general and particular insomuch that assoon as any one of them knew that any thing was written or approved of by the Apostles he might even | Eph. 2. 20. Act. 2. 42. 1 Thes 2. 13. thereby and of right ought to know that the same was true and of God or Divine and needed not any other Judgment in the case In the next place neither indeed could such a judgment of the Church suffice seeing no Man can be certain no not so much as probably of the being of any Church unto which such an Authority is said to belong except he be first assured that those books wherein the said Authority is said to be given or assigned to the Church are true Divine and seeing he cannot know and determine for certain that any Church is the true Church of Christ * Rom. 10. 14 15 16 1â— Joh. â—0 3 4 27. 1 Pâ—t 1. 23 24 25. chap. 2. 1 2 3 c. if he be not already undoubtedly sure and certain before that whatsoever is contained in the said Books the same is true and from God for by vertue of that very Faith or Belief whereby the Church embraceth or receiveth that as true â—he her self finally obtains and hath her being a true Church And if indeed such an Authority as this agrees not with the very first primitive Church it self much less ought we to believe that it belongs to any Church at this day or any indeed succeeding that first and primitive one 9. The Doctrine therefore contained The Authâ—â—ty of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †〈◊〉 1. 2 3. Heb. 1. 1. in these Books is of it self altogether Authentick and indeed of Authority Divine and †uncontrollable and by reason of the infallible vâ—racity of God deserves altogether and challengeth undoubted Credit and Belief and by vertue of its autocratorical or absolute and supream Power most humble Obedience Dâ—â—t 4. 2. â—â— 32 â— Tim. â— 15. â— Pet. â— â— from us And whatsoever ‑ Doctrine or Tradition wants this priviledg of being of a Supream and Divine Revelation it hath not by any Right either the same or the like Authority with it much less that which either decreeth any thing else either contrary to it or diverse from it and that by an usurpt Authority | Mat. 15. 9. 16. 6. Gal. 1 8 9. or at least otherwise than is contained in writing in these Books commandeth it to be declared or being declared to be believed upon the pain and peril of the loss of Salvation since God can neither contradict himself and no Authority either Humane or Angelical ought to be equalled to the Divine 10. And now because such Divine-like The Sacred Scripture is the only Rule of Controversies of Faith Authority as this belongeth unto and agreeth with these very Books only it is therefore even withal necessary that by them * Isa 8. 20. Act. 17. 11. alone as by Touchstones and firm and umovable Rules we examine and try all Controversies and Debates in Religion and by them only to reason discourse and judg of them and so to leave them to God alone and to Jesus Christ as the only supream and infallible †Jâ—m 4. 12. Mat. 23 8. Judg peremptorily to be decided for we are not to think that it was any ways God's will and pleasure in the least that they should be decided by any judicial or authoritative right by any visible Judg and one ordinarily speaking in the Church sith it hath pleased him to leave us in his Word a rule only directive or to judg only | Psal 19. 8 9. 119. 105. Luk. 16. 29 31. directively by and not withal coactively or by way of constraint but that there ought to be an infallible Judg always speaking in the Church he hath no where signified nor hath he in his Word pointed out who he should continually be but hath expresly commanded all every one alike * Deut. 6. 6 7 c. chap. 11. 8. so on to search his Laws or Judgments and Statutes to †1 Joh. 4. 1. so on â— 1 Thes 5. 21. try the Spirits whether they be of God yea to try ‑ all things and to hold fast that which is good and moreover hath promised to such as search into his * Prov. 2. 2 3 4 c. chap. 3. vâ—â—s 13. so on Psal 1. 2. †Act. 17. 11. 2 Pet. 1. 19. Laws and seek the understanding of them his Grace and Holy Spirit and †those who have searched the Scriptures and examined Controversies of Faith by them yea who have diligently tryed by the Rule and Square of the Scripture those things which have been spoken by the Apostles themselves he hath commended and praised them with singular Elogies 11. Therefore they who do freely And not the Church or a Synod c. give themselves or suffer to be given by others this irrefragable Authority of peremptorily deciding of Differences and Controversies of Faith or Religion either all or some either to some certain Church or Synod of Doctors or to any Society
or Pue to make a Tumult among the rude common people or by publick Writings to traduce and contumeliously to provoke and inveigh against others would be next unto madness and most scandalous and dangerous Nor indeed can the knowledge of an unnecessary truth ever do so much good as the importune and immodest inculcating or urging thereof may do harm and prejudice both publickly and privately And thus far concerning the first caution diligently to be observed in Confessions The second thing that is to be observed Nor bands of Consciences as to the right use of Forms flows from the first if to wit there be not contrived of such Forms of Confessions and Declarations certain Spiritual Bonds Stocks and Fetters whereunto the Consciences Tongues and Pens of the Declarers be not so tied and fastned that none may recede from the phrases thereof manner of speaking order method c. but that he is also forthwith suspected and accused of Heterodoxie who is found to expound the Divine Scripture and sentiments of his own mind in other expressions or other order or method then what are expressed in them i.e. in those Forms of Confessions For by this means that liberty which so long as the truth of the Sences or Meanings themselves remain safe ought to continue whole and entire to all Believers in their expounding the Scriptures as they shall judg meet for the greatest furtherance of the Truth and edifying of Churches is not only cast out of doors and banished out of the Church but also the authority of the Word of God is secretly and as it were by mines supplanted and overthrown by the same For it can hardly otherwise be but that where the expressions of such Forms begin to be of more account than those of the Word of God it self there the Authority of the Word of God should by degrees grow vile and sink in estimation beneath those Forms And indeed if we will but mind it the chief and haply first step whereby humane Forms ascended to the height of an usurped Authority and Majesty almost Divine was this that at the first they attributed to the phrases words order and method thereof more than was meet as if in them all sences to be believed hoped and practised were more clearly briefly and substantially exprest than in those which we meet with in the Scriptures For from hence hath the esteem of them by little and little been encreased and that of the Scriptures lessened insomuch that according to the words phrases yea almost syllables and â—etters of the said Forms and according to â—he method and peculiar order of the same â—hey began to determine and declare â—ouching the truth and falseness of almost â—ll Opinions and Meanings as if that â—ould not be true which did not exactâ—y and in every thing agree with them â—nd as if he could not be free from Heriâ—ie or at least from errour and falshood who should though never so modestly contradict them or go but a straws â—readth from them yea that should not â—lmost swear unto the words thereof The which pernicious abuse and so manifest a corruption and inconvenience to withstand and prevent we ought at all times earnestly and almost only to inculate or repeat that such Forms of Declarations are not made for that end for to teach that the Sences or Meanings of Christian Religion may or ought most commodiously to be expressed in this order in this method in these phrases or manners of speaking and not in others but that in or by them they may be expressed rightly and commodiously enough or that in the judgment of those very Men that make such Confessions they are very exactly and truly contained in them For so to use them will not be a matter of absolute necessity but of meer liberty and he that useth them will indeed do well and yet he will not be judged to do ill that useth them not especially if he receive the sum of saving doctrine delivered in them and do not condemn those who That they are not limits nor bounds within which Religion is to be shut up in this point dissent The third thing which flows from those things that have been already spoken of necessary unto the right use of Forms is this That these Forms be not at any time held for limits and bounds within which Religion and the saving knowledg of God is believed in such manner to consist as if they who cannot in conscience assent to them or give their voice for them were therefore excluded from Salvation and shut out of the Kingdom of Heaven Far be that from us who firmly believe that Christians may unwittingly err in many things without the loss of Salvation and who judg that there are very few things that are precisely necessary to be known and believed for the obtaining Eternal Life Wherefore that we may demonstrate that this proud cruelty is exceeding far from us we do openly shew and declare that Forms of Confessions and Declarations are to be had in no other respect or account than for certain Ensigns and Standards set up whereby they declare who set them forth that they judg that those Sences which are contained in those Forms do come very near the Truth and therefore unless they were taught better do heartily desire and wish that all others that are desirous of Truth and Peace would embrace them not indeed properly for this end that so at length they might be saved but that they might withdraw themselves from the danger of erring to the greatest distance may be For neither ought it to seem enough to a Christian to make towards Eternal Salvation by every means and in every way whatsoever the safest and surest is to be chosen except haply a just fear of some greater danger or scandal in the Church hinder the same For the good of Eternal Hapiness and of an immortal life ought to be of so great price with him that he ought to hate and carefully to shun all dangers which may turn away or withdraw his mind from imbracing the same Nor hath he any reason to fear that he doth therefore abet and patronize Schisme which the Apostle calleth a work of the flesh For if he haply depart from some Congregations to others he doth not forthwith contemn those which he leaveth or judg them as excluded from the hope of Salvation but only goes from those that are more impure to those that are more pure that he may shew that he hath a care and tender regard of every truth any ways serving to his own Salvation and approve his Conscience unto God and our Lord Jesus Christ Nevertheless in the mean while he does his endeavour sedulously to maintain Peace and Concord with all that are truly pious as far as is possible and to testifie his moderation or * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aequanimity to all that are good And indeed if Forms of Confessions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—nd
CONFESSION OF FAITH Of those called ARMINIANS OR A DECLARATION Of the OPINIONS and DOCTRINES OF THE Ministers and Pastors Which in the UNITED PROVINCES are known by the Name of REMONSTRANTS Concerning the Chief Points of Christian RELIGION Translated out of the Original LONDON Printed for Samuel Walsall at the Heart and Bible near the West-End of the Royal Exchange in Cornhil MDC LXXXIV THE CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTERS Chap. 1. Of the Sacred Scripture and its Authority Perfection and Perspicuity Page 59 Chap. 2. Of the Knowledg of the Essence of God or of the Divine Nature 78 Chap. 3. Of the Holy and Sacred Trinity 93 Chap. 4. Of the Knowledg of the Works of God 96 Chap. 5. Of the Creation of the World of Angels and of Men. 98 Chap. 6. Of the Providence of God or his Preservation and Government of things 105 Chap. 7. Of the Sin and Misery of Man 117 Chap. 8. Of the Work of Redemption and of the Person and Offices of Jesus Christ 128 Chap. 9. Of the Knowledg of the Will of God revealed in the New-Covenant 138 Chap. 10. Of the Precepts or Commendments of Jesus Christ in general and of Faith and Repentance or Conversion unto God 141 Chap. 11. Of Faith in Jesus Christ 145 Chap. 12. Of good Works in particular and of the exposition of the Decalogue 155 Chap. 13. Of directing and denying of our selves and bearing of the Cross of Christ 170 Chap. 14. Of Prayer and Thanksgiving and in particular of the Lord's Prayer 181 Chap. 15. Of special Callings and of the Precepts and Traditions of Men. 193 Chap. 16. Of the Worship and Veneration of Jesus Christ the only Mediator and of the Invocation of Saints 196 Chap. 17. Of the Benefits and Promises of God and first of Election unto Grace or Calling unto Faith 200 Chap. 18. Of the Promises of God that are performed in this Life to those that are already converted and are Believers that is of Election unto Glory of Adoption Justification Sanctification and of Obsignation or Sealing 209 Chap. 19. Of the Promises of God pertaining to the Life to come or of the raising again of the Dead and eternal Life 216 Chap. 20. Of the Divine Threatnings and Punishments of the wicked pertaining both unto this Life and unto the Life to come to wit of Reprobation Hardening Blinding and of Eternal Death and Damnation 218 Chap. 21. Of the Ministry of the Word of God and of the Orders of Ministers 222 Chap. 22. Of the Church of Jesus Christ and its Marks or Notes 230 Of the Marks or Notes of a visible Church 224 Chap. 23. Of the Sacraments and other Sacred Rites 237 Of Baptism 238 Of the Sacred Supper of the Lord. 240 Of other Sacred Rites but yet such as are indifferent 242 Chap. 24. Of Church Discipline 246 Chap. 25. Of Synods or Councels and of their manner and use 254 The Conclusion 260 ERRATA PAge 29. line 14. read are so tied P. 35. l. 18. r. the very said P. 37. l. 12. r. by God for disturbing P. 38. l. 9. for those r. these P. 39. l. 2. r. use a thing well P. 55. l. 12. r. for such P. 80. l. 25. r. state and relation of each to other Ibid. l. 27. for of r. by P. 88. l. 5 6. r. no ways sworn to any P. 91. l. 19. r. of any other Enemies P. 124. l. 1. r. now long since P. 140. l. 2. for assent r. assert P. 151. l. 10. r. come to P. 182. l. 18. r. both these parts P. 185. l. 5. r. and in whom P. 186. l. 8. r. to forsake P. 202. l. 14 to 18. r. nor for that thereby the will of him that is called is by an irresistible power or by some omnipotent force which is neither more nor less than Creation or raising from the dead so effectually determined to believe P 223. l. 27. for in r. to P. 242. l. 4. add after themselves as coverts of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ P. 243. l. 10. r. as also P. 250. l. 19 20 21 22. unto the Word Sin to be expunged and to read And also withal there is even in the first place an exact regard to be had of the diversity or difference of Sins P. 256. l. 24 25. add after brought in that they be taken away or removed THE PREFACE TO THE Christian Reader THERE is no doubt pious A Prolepsis concerning a four-fold sort of dissenters touching things of this kind Reader but that this Declaration of Faith which is published by us will be liable to the various and different judgements of men For as every one stands perswaded in his own mind touching both the necessity profit form and manner of such-like Declarations so is he like also to pass judgment upon this of ours There are some who think we ought to abstain altogether from all Confessions or Declarations and judg that they are not only not necessary nor profitable for the Christian Weal-publick but they are also unlawful dangerous and hurtful in the Church There are some who do not indeed think it altogether unadvised to publish Confessions or Declarations much less do they think it unlawful or hurtful but they judge they ought to be conceiv'd and framed onely in meer pure Scripture-words There are some who indeed do not altogether disallow of Confessions though conceiv'd in other than bare Scripture-words but will have them to be so general and brief that they shall contain and comprehend nothing but what is absolutely and precisely necessary to be known and believed unto Salvation There are lastly others far different from these who judge particular Confessions and Declarations even of several most minute and small Controversies not only so far profitable but also necessary that without them a Christian-Society can neither have being nor well-being The so various diverse and differing judgments of all these this our Declaration is doubtless like to undergo and these indeed severally have specious and not altogether improbable grounds for their opinions whereon they build and relie Those who judg that we ought altogether to abstain from Confessions or Declarations Objections of the first and second sort or that they ought not to be conceived but in meer and plain Scripture-words of which sort of men in this age there are found not a few otherwise pious and good men they as far as we can gather pretend for the most part three things for their opinion 1. For that by reason of them there is done no light prejudice to the Majesty and Authority of the Scriptures 2. For that by occasion of them there is mighty dammage and detriment done to the liberty of Churches or Conscience and Propheâ—y 3. For that by the same a wide gap is open'd for Factions and Schisms in the Church And first indeed they think that by this very means the Majestie of the Scriptures is not a little derogated and detracted from for that both their
sufficiency and perspicuity seem to be suspected and doubted of to wit as if they either did not fully and sufficiently contain all things that are necessary and profitable for every Christian Congregation to know believe hope and do or at least did not use those forms of speaking which do clearly and perspicuously enough express those Divine Senses or Meanings which are chiefly savingly necessary and available to be believed but had need of Mens phrases and forms for the right understanding of them and application and use to make a due difference between Truth and falshood From whence afterward they say it comes to pass that the authority of the Scriptures is more and more weakned and at length wholly falleth and is transferred by degrees to those forms of Men as either more perfect or the more clear discoverers of what is right and false And certainly the experience of many ages seemeth not a little to confirm these Mens opinions in which say they for the most part it usually fell out that after forms of Confessions and Declarations began to be in esteem and the said honour to be given to them as though they did most fully express the hidden and involved sences of the Scriptures and most clearly and plainly propose those things whichare necessarily to be held by the Churches of Jesus Christ the Majesty and Authority of the Scriptures began by little and little to decline and the truth as also the necessity of all Judgments and Opinions pertaining to the business of Religion to depend upon those forms in so much indeed that waving and undervaluing the Sacred Scripture they appealed unto them as the most certain Squares or Levels and unexceptionable Rules and he that swerved but a fingers breadth from them although moved thereto out of a regard to the Scriptures was without any further proof accused and condemned of Heresie And though at the beginning and in the very Cradles or Infancy of Forms as they say it fell not out but also over and above by Cautions or Restrictions and Protestations and other ways of that kind they obviated and withstood the same yet in tract of time by little and little their Authority prevailed and increased and through secret increasings by intervals and degrees it was insensibly established and confirmed until at length having spread its roots deep it began in a manner to over-top the very Scriptures So by this means in process of time some Oecumenical Councils and Forms of Belief or general Creeds which were concieved and maintained in them began to be so highly valued that a like and equal Authority was given to them the Gospels themselves by the most of men Yea further even those things that were disputed determin'd by one single Augustine against Pelagius at length in process oftime were advanc'd to that Dignity and Authority and that even among those who otherwise are not wont to set much by the Authority of Councils and Fathers that it is enough to condemn any one that teacheth in the Church if his opinion only seem to come near to Pelagius And that it doth commonly so fall out in other questions of Faith and hath fallen out from every age past they do very speciously affirm In brief these seem not to complain in vain that all Forms usually do together with their age receive the strength and increases of too much Authority and that howsoever often-times they seem not openly and manifestly to be advanced and promoted to an unmeasurable greatness yet they become by degrees not withstanding even cautions protestations to the contrary notwithstanding the immutable Canons of Faith and at least secundary Rules and Levels and that indeed by so secret and imperceptible motions and advances that they are found of a certain not to come but to have come nor to grow but to have grown to the top of more than humane Authority and height of supreme Dignity They suppose also that these Forms do mightily endammage and prejudice the Liberty of Churches or Conscience and Prophesie for that where they are admitted into the Church it is impossible but that forthwith a tyrannical Law be brought in at the back door so that a man may not think speak write teach compare and interpret the Scriptutes but according to what they prescribe and to call them into doubt or to contradict them though modestly is thought an heinous wickedness Nor do they want their pretence viz. That the publick Peace of the Church may be preserved entire Confusion avoided and Liberty turn not into Licentiousness from whence further they say it comes to pass that none especially if it be believed that the Common-Wealth also is interessed therein durst either inquire into those Formes and examine the Opinions that are contained in them by the standard of Truth or if any one called upon for parts and industry for that end shall inquire into them and in his judgment find some things to be false he cannot without apparent danger publish and discover them for the amendment of others And that indeed by this means such like Forms of Confessions and Declarations did terminate in most rigid bonds and more than Adamantine Fetters wherewith Liberty together with Truth are most straitly tied up and that Errour which is once received and admitted becomes stable and firm yea eternal Lastly they affirm that a large gap is opened by these very Confessions and Declarations for Schisms and Separations because as they have been hitherto used they have been the open and publick signs of dissensions by which no otherwise then by certain partition-walls Christians who ought to be most strictly joyned together and who in very deed agree in the main of saving doctrine are divided each from other whilst 1 Cor 1. 12. one indeed saith I am of Paul another I am of Gephas another I am of Apollos another I am of Christ and every one believeth that the purity of Religion and the hope of immortal life consisteth within his particular Congregation So that whosoever belongeth not thereto he is almost judged altogether excluded out of Heaven and the Kingdom of Jesus Christ Whence it is necessary that there arise and flow as it were from a continual Spring perpetual and immortal hatreds and divisions of minds and affections These for the most part are the chief A general Answer props on which the first and second sort rely and whereby they support their opinion specious indeed they are if viewed at first sight for that they make shew of no ordinary zeal for the Authority of God's Word for Liberty of Conscience for the Peace and Concord of Churches yet such as if more nearly looked into have not appeared to us of so great weight as that for their sakes we should deem our selves bound to desist from our purpose of publishing this Declaration of ours For doubtless they seem not undeservedly to reprove so much the thing it self as the corruption and abuse of the thing
of Hell or their Grave Errours long since condemned who hold nothing firm nothing solid in Religion and are divided and severed among themselves by so many and so monstrous Opinions that they may justly seem rather Monsters of men then Christians who is there who will not think them like to do a work worth their pains yea that will not think them by some necessity constrained hereunto by a publick and solemn Declaration to obviate so atrocious and enormous slanders and by an ingenuous Confession of their judgment to testifie to the Christian World what and what manner of Persons they are in Religion and what in very deed they think touching the chief heads of belief and by this unblamable means as by a bolt bar firmly set against those infamous revilings and slanders to vindicate and approve or commend to all good men the integrity of their good name and esteem and the innocency of their lives Especially if they see that unless they do it all good men even the best will be estranged from them the weak will be turned aside from the love of the Truth or else that no light scruples will be cast into their minds that an occasion will be given to many in other respects in no wise bad men to continue in their errours or to return as it were to their vomit to their former filthiness which they had left that their Friends will be withdrawn from all affection of good-will towards them and violently separated from their fraternity that more plenteous matter will be ministred to their Enemies and Foes to calumniate and consequently that through the side of their wronged reputation the Truth of God will be wounded and all their labour care industry and pains hitherto spent or further to be spent in the promoting of the same will be rendred unprofitable and fruitless Certainly he that is toucht with any desire of the publick good any care of the glory of God any desire of the truth and peace of the Church he cannot but believe and certainly conclude that in such a case there is some kind of necessity laid upon those men if they can with a good conscience and men of highest degree and lowest degree require it even in conceived Forms of Declarations to purge themselves from those false reports and calumnies and to testifie to the whole Christian World their innocency Nor indeed can it seem sufficient for the washing away of the said Calumnies if they contain themselves within the meer and bare expressions of the Scripture and deliver their Opinions or Judgments in so many Scripture-Words and Phrases For seeing that this very thing is charged upon them as a crime that under Scripture words they in their Bosom cherish their worst meanings and most prejudicial to the Glory of God aâ—d the Salvation of Men that they do upon occasion either readily sought after or offered by others disseminate or spread the same when they perceive it is for their advantage verily they are reduced to that necessity whether they will or no as for the Glory of the Truth of God the edifying of the weak and the detection of Calumnies by that means which seems best and most profitable that is by some publick Declaration of their Judgment to purge themselves and to maintain and defend the sincerity of their belief Which things being so so far is it that Confessions or Declarations of Faith ought to seem hurtful or unprofitable of themselves that they are sometimes to be accounted of in the Church of Jesus Christ for useful vindications of the Truth and in a manner necessary remedies of the greatest evils Howbeit because such is either the Three remedies against the abuses of them inconsiderateness or sloth or malice of the most of Men that those things which of themselves might be useful and pious documents of our duty or most present remedies of great evils they suffer them by reason of their additional corruption and abuse by degrees to become superstitious bands of Consciences and insensibly to degenerate into idols and hurtful Poysons yea often they themselves turn them to the dammage and detriment of the best things we ought diligently to beware and endeavour with the greatest care that may be to vindicate such forms from all manner of abuse and corruption and to inculcate and assert at all times their right and true use which we indeed believe may be commodiously done if we have always these three things before our eyes and carefully observe them First if in the Church there be no Authority Of their true and false authority that is * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 unquestionable that is irrefragable and beyond all exception under any title pretence or show whatsoever either directly or indirectly in things pertaining to Religion given to these Forms nor suffered to be given them to wit in such sort as that the Consciences of any should be tied or obliged to the same as Rules of Faith either primary or secondary Which indeed that it may be easily provided against is beyond all doubt if they be only had in that esteem and place as indeed they ought to be had to wit for bare expositions of our belief or for such Forms which do not define or determine what is to be held for true or false what is to be believed or not to be believed after what manner any thing is to be expressed or uttered but which only may make known and testifie what they hold for true and false what they believe or do not believe how they express the meanings of their Mind whose own those Forms and Declarations are For if they be had in no other account or greater esteem there is no danger that their Authority we say not should be equalled much less be preferred before the Scriptures but that they find not indeed any place though the lowest in the Church For doubtless as we have already said before they will not then be held for Squares and Rules of Faith whereby Truth or Falshood Heresie or Errour may and ought to be known and which are published for that end that by them what is true or false may be known and discovered or sound but only for bare Signals and Symbols or Tokens which only show and declare what the Authors believed and judged of those and the other Articles and Meanings of Christian Religion And truly if we consult the ancient Annals of the Church they who first put forth such Symbols Ecclesiastical Canons Confessions and Declarations had no other design aim or end but thereby to testifie not what was to be believed but what they themselves believed and that these Symbols c. should be even instead of Watch-Towers to declare shew to the unwary and imprudent the Shelves and Quicks of Errours that were hurtful to Piety and Salvation or also to serve against Calumniators for Apologies whereby every one might understand how far they were from those Errours
Blasphemies and Crimes which through Calumny were by men ill-imployed fastened upon them And certainly if all Declarations and Confessions had at all times kept within these bounds they had not indeed at any time obtained any Dictator-like Dignity or Authority much less greater than or equal to the Scriptures in the Church Wherefore that the Church may in the first place alway hold this firm unalterable we are to endeavour again and again and therefore est-soon upon all occasions to inculate upon Churches and in the very Forms of our Confessions and Declarations accurately to express That they indeed ought not to be received for certain Judices or Discoverers much less for Judges of the true Sences or Meanings viz. of Scripture but only for the Indices of those Sences or Meanings which the Authors thereof have held for true and that they were published to that end If that be done these three abuses will sufficiently and easily be avoided 1. None will flee to the said Forms to Of their three-fold abuse draw and take from them as from Fountains with a Faith void of doubting those things that are to be believed and further he will not run unto them in doubtful Sences of Scripture as the Indices of what is streight and crooked nor try and examine dark and controverted sences by them as by a touch-stone 2. None will be tyed or suffer himself to be tyed to their Meanings upon any other terms than so far and so long as he himself doth certainly find and is convinced in his Conseience that they accord with the Meanings of the Scriptures 3. In Disputations Conferences Examinations or Tryals men will never appeal to them neither will controversies of Faith be brought to the Anvil thereof but they will all wholly without fear or danger be brought to and examined by the Word of God alone as the only Rule beyond all exception and the true form of sound words which our alone Master Jesus Christ and his Apostles have left unto us And thus indeed there will be nothing that can justly be desired to detract Divine Authority from them and to give it wholly to the Sacred Scriptures Neither shall we then need to fear lest idols be made of them to be set up in the Church of Jesus Christ and placed in equal degree with the Scriptures or honoured with any like honour with them or lest bands should be knit of them whereby the Consciences of men should be bound or lastly lest poysons should be prepared of them whereby the sincerity of Faith might be infected or the Truth of Doctrine adulterated For a moderate liberty to examine them This Foundation therefore once rightly laid and this Principle firmly supposed there will alwaies remain in the Church of Jesus Christ whole and entire liberty whereby any one may preâ—rving safe the Laws of Christian Moâ—esty Charity and Prudence without anger inquire into those Forms and â—ithout scruple contradict them that â—y this means there may be always a â—anifest difference between them and â—e Word of God to which alone that â—riviledg ought to remain sacred and inâ—iolate that it alone is above and beyond â—ll Controversei and Contradiction and â—hat the Consciences of Believers are to â—e tyed to it only And yet is not this â—berty to be extended so far as to turn â—â—to a dissolute and irregular licentiousâ—ess whereby every Man may unadviâ—edly speak what he please For he as â—uch abuseth liberty who too much at â—leasure loosenth the button thereof as â—e who fastneth it too strait All exâ—eams are to be avoided and we to saâ—rifice to moderation which consisteth â—â— the midst between Tyranny and a Wild and Unbridled Licentiousness Therefore Prudence and Charity are always to be taken into Council which will â—asily dictate when and how this liberty may profitably and without the Scandal of the Godly be made use of It is the part of Prudence to weigh things and to consider fit times and places wherein this or that Opinion either by word or writing may commodiously be proposed It is the part of Charity to have a regard of persons that they be not offended or troubled who ought to be edified It is not the duty of a Prudent and Pious Man and one truly Charitable to use promiscously upon every occasion with all Persons or in all Places when he so thinks fit the liberty of contradicting nay nor alwaies everywhere patiently to bear with all the Contradictions of others Against the unbridled Licentiousness of some There is often a regard to be had both of the Things or Opinions which are contradicted and of the Persons with whom such Contradictions are propounded For there are some things of so great Weight and Moment that they cannot be gain-said without the extream hazard of our Salvation Freely to contradict these or quietly to suffer them to be contradicted by others would be the farthest from Prudence and Charity possible There are some things of that nature that they may without the danger of any Mans Salvation suffer indeed contradiction but which yet to contradict is not necessary for the sake of the publick good and to be contradicted every-where and at all times is not expedient For not every thing that is lawful is presently also expedient and edifying Very often the weakness of others ought to give law to our liberty and not seldom also the importuneness of others who have an itch after or unto variances brablings and contradictions and are pleased with the opportunity of strife contention upon every occasion To the one we must not give occasion of offence lest they fall From the other we must withhold all encouragements lest they hurt themselves and others For in this manner we ought alwaies to shun all endangerings of the Faithful especially of the weak lest we abuse our liberty to the destruction of any one but use it aright and to the edification of all But in things not altogether necessary and amongst those whom the Scripture calleth perfect and who have their sences exercised in the Scriptures to discern between what is true and false or who are more then ordinarily desirous of Truth that is more abstruse this liberty may alwaies have or take place without offence or danger For their industry indeed is sharpned by moderate contradictions which are as it were the Whetstones of Truth and from which as from the striking or beating of Flints against each other this Fruit is drawn or produced that either they see clearly that errour that formerly lay hid or are more solidly confirmed in the truth they hold Which fruit cannot but afterward redound unto the whole Church and that to the eminent promoting of truth and the glory of Gods name But to digladiate or strive with gain-sayings before the people out of the Pulpit and to desire or endeavour by the vellications or twitchings of publick Forms and Obtrectations or Back-bitings out of the Desk
Declarations be drawn up with these bounds and as it were sacred limits oâ— their right use they will be judged noâ— only not unlawful or hurtful but on thâ— contrary most peofitable and wholsom â—o the Christian Common-Wealth yea â—nd also sometimes necessary From â—hence they who would have them not â—nly not necessary but unprofitable and â—onsequently unlawful and hurtful are â—orthy to be thought to cast an uncivil â—eproach upon them For so far are they â—f themselves from derogating any thing â—rom the Majesty of the Scriptures that â—s from their perfection and clearness â—hat on the contrary the true authority â—hereof is no less confirmed and establishâ—d by them than by Prophesyings or Expositions of the Scriptures For seeing â—heir truth both as to their sence manâ—er of expression and method is to be â—sserted and maintained from the Scripâ—ures themselves yea seeing the said very â—orms do profess that all and every one â—ay and ought freely to do the same and â—onsequently do remit or send us back â—rom themselves to the Scriptures and â—xpresly command us to appeal to them â—lone in all Controversies whatsoever â—ertainly they ought not to be thought â—o confer unto the shaking or subverting â—ut on the contrary to the establishing of â—he Authority of the Scriptures Not do they in the least prejudice the liberty of Churches since none is precisely bound unto them yea seeing it is freely granted to every one to try them by the Standard of the Word of God lastly seeing every one may without danger or fear contradict them sobeit onely there be a careful regard had of Prudence Charity and Modesty Nor indeed do they open any gap to Schisms and Separations For neither is he to be thought to make a Schism that joyneth himself to those Assemblies wherein he seeth greater purity of Doctrine and Holiness of life to flourish and thrive sobeit he do noâ— proudly dispise other Assemblies and forthwith judg them excluded out of Heaven or from the Hope of Eternal Life whom he sees somewhat more estranged from his own Society For Christian Peace and Concord may continue entire yea and also ought amongst Congregations divided and distinguished in or by Opinions so that the fault be not in us that all those who hitherto hold all things necessary to Salvation and do not obstinately press Doctrines or Opinions prejudicial to Godliness do noâ— agree together and imbrace each other with mutual Charity and brotherly Love in the Lord Jesus But if we hinder those Churches from growing together and being consolidated into one body which might and ought to grow and be consolidated together or if being united and joyned together we unnecessarily divide them and separate them into parties then indeed make we our selves guilty of Schism and deserve to be impeached with God of disturbing Peace and Concord which is so true that the Apostle seems no less to make or prove them guilty of Schism who gloried that they were of Christ no less I say at least than 1 Cor. â— 12. others who said that they were of Paul or of Apollos or Cephas for that those despised these in comparison of themselves and did as it were think it scorn that they should be compared with them yea did reject them as it were strangers from Christ Insomuch that the desire of Truth though the best and wholsomest doth not excuse any Man from the crime of Schism at least before God himself unless it be accompanied with a true love of Peace and Concord and an endeavour after mutual good will For of so great price with God is the true Peace and Concord of his Church that he is even displeased with a seditious Truth or a schismatical and turbulent manner of propagating the same And yet we deny not but that it may Of bâ—waring of an accidental abuse and doth usually sometimes fall out that in tract of time those like Forms obtain greater veneration and honour than is meet and at length unless there be diligent provision made aforehand and the growing evil sedulously looked unto or bewared of do very easily degenerate into Idols and Bands of Conscience and Ensigns or Badges of Schism Yet because all this is wont to fall out by accident we must not from thence make judgment of them seeing that is not the fault of the Forms themselves but of those who according to the preposterous diligence or rather malice of their own disposition do upon occasion abuse them and seeing the true value of things is not to be taken from the right or perverse and ill use of them For he that is evil and imprudent may sometimes abuse in the worâ—t sort the very best things as on the contrary a good and prudent Man may use well a thing that is evil and hurtful in it selfe and improve it for a wholsome remedy at some turns Furthermore in the next place it hardly falleth out but that if such Forms of Declarations be not sometimes set forth a wide gap is opened unto other miscarriages and inconveniences if not more grievous yet at least alike and equal and a way is easily pav'd unto a dissolute licentiousness of foolishly venting every thing at least no better than tyranny Lastly seeing by that means which we have spoken of we may timously withstand those miscarriages and inconveniencies which some think will arise from thence For if those who have thought meet to set forth Confessions and Declarations of their belief had always kept within the said use of them they had never had place given them for their excessive authority in the Church But after that an exact account ceased to be had thereof their Authority began by little and little and as it were by degrees to be advanced insomuch that the Consciences Eyes Tongues and Pens of Men became to depend on them as upon certain Standards and undoubted Rules of Faith Whence afterward it came to pass that some by means of them as it were by certain letters of Heraulds at Arms have denounced War against all other Congregations and that they might have no hope of reconcilement left them the assemblies of Christians thereby have been divided and separated one from another even as Empires heretofore by Boundaries and Enemies Camps by Trenches and Bulwarks Lastly which is the utmost line of Tyranny that they have punished those who did contradict these Forms with Force and Sword and that with so great a zeal and heat yea fury that when prophane Persons Ungodly Dispisers of the Scriptures and Atheists are upon very easy terms pardoned these alone are destined to Prisons Racks Wheels Gallowses Crosses Flames and all the most exquisite punishments and torments imaginable and all for this only end that the Authority of these Forms may be freed from contradiction and vindicated from contempt and by that means forsooth the outward Peace of the Church and quiet of the Common-Wealth may be preserv'd undisturb'd The which way of procedure as it