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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
authority_n	book_n	church_n	word_n	3,782	5	4.3994	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36083	A discourse concerning excommunication, as executed by officials, and concerning the common law writts, de excommunicato capiendo and de cautione admittenda, for the punishment of persons excommunicated and their deliverance from the punishment vvherin is examined whether the execution of the former as executed by many, be not a profanation of a great ordinance of God, whether by the second the subjects is many cases be not unwarrantably oppressed : as also by the difficult granting of the other, which is a common law writt, and the right of every subject to be obtained without difficulty : discoursed in a letter to an honourable friend / by one who is a friend to English liberty.	One who is a friend to English liberty.	1680 (1680)	Wing D1579; ESTC R6708	18,986	26

A DISCOURSE Concerning EXCOMMUNICATION As Executed by Officials And concerning the Common Law Writts De Excommunicato capiendo and De Cautione admittenda For the punishment of persons Excommunicated and their Deliverance from the punishment VVherein is Examined Whether the Execution of the former as Executed by many be not a profanation of a great Ordinance of God Whether by the second the Subjects in many Cases be not unwarrantably oppressed As also by the difficult granting of the other which is a Common Law Writt and the right of every Subject to be obtained without difficulty Discoursed in a Letter to an Honourable Friend by one who is a Friend to the English Liberty Wrote before the Parliament which Sat from March 1678 to the end of May 1679 and now published Acts. 19. 15. Jesus I know and Paul I know but who are you Job 6. 25. How forcible are right words But what doth your arguing reprove Hujus Scilicet Papae potestatem huic cum divino munere sublatam esse manifestum est ne quid superesset quo non plane fractam illius vim esse constaret leges omn●s decreta atque instituta quae ab Authore Episcopo Romano profecta sunt prorsus abroganda censuimus Epist Hen. 8. praesixa libro cui Titulus Reformatio Legum Eccles impr Londini Anno 1641. London Printed for Tho. Parkhurst at the Bible and Three Crowns at the lower end of Cheap-side 1680. To his highly honoured Friend J. B. Esq Honoured Sir THE charitable design of this Paper is amongst the many oppressed which His Most Sacred Majesty in conjunction with His two Houses of Parliament hath made to go free to shew you one species of Prisoners whom no Parliament hath had leisure as yet to take notice of who beseech your Honours that you would also allow them to be Prisoners of hope being such as no Act of Habeas Corpus will relieve The Adversaries of the Non-conformists could not be satisfied that their Ministers were outed of their livings and many of them of their whole Subsistence for themselves Wives and Children and by another Act forbidden to reside in any place where they might expect a relief from the Charity of good People but many of them have been pursued to Excommunication upon the Statutes for not coming to their Parish Church though certainly they being Ministers of the Gospel were themselves obliged to Preach on Lords Days and being excommunicated they have had the old Common Law writ de excommunicato capiendo taken out and some of them upon it have been detained 3 4 7 Years nor at the end of that Term have their merciless Enemies been willing to let them out or let them take the advantage of the Law to come out and amongst the ordinary people not a few have been thus used to the ruine of many Families the exhausting great Sums of Money most injuriously from many persons and the prejudicing the Trade and Commerce of the Nation and all this by the abuse and prophanation of a great Ordinance of God that I mean of Excommunication using what was ordained of God for the purging of his Church from persons not fit for its holy communion meerly to serve their Lusts of malice and revenge and to keep worthy Patriots from being chosen Members to represent their Countreys in your Honourable Assemblies among many instances of which nature you had one the last Parliament at Berwick in the case of Mr Rushworth and you have one yet more notorious this Parliament in Leicestershire as if their Excommunications disseised men of their Freehold or which indeed looks more likely the Subjects subjection to their Courts brought them into the Notion of Bond-men A practice which if not timely by your Honours taken notice of and restrained will give the Monoply of suffrages into the hands of Registers Officials and Proctors This Sir certainly will give our Honourable Senators just cause to inquire 1. Whether Excommunication as now practised by Officials in Ecclesiastical Courts be not an horrid profanation of a great Ordinance of God and fit to be reflected on by our Governours 2. Whether the imprisonment of persons Excommunicated by vertue of the writ de excommunicato capiendo be not as practised a great oppression of the Subject and worthy of a Parliamentary consideration and relief 3. Whether the writt de cautione admittenda being the only relief provided by Law for persons so imprisoned hath its just and free course The Honour and Glory of God being the first and principal concern as well of great Councels as of particular persons the first of these questions deserveth and challengeth the preference in disquisitions of this nature Whatever be the Judgment of some Forreign Divines and whatever hath been said by Erastus or others to the contrary It is manifest That our Church looketh upon Excommunication as an Ordinance and institution of Christ for the keeping of the Church pure and unspotted as the Spouse of Christ should be and this appeareth as from other evidence so from the very form of Sentences at this day usual in the Ecclesiastical Courts which they usually begin In Dei nomine in the Name of God and they tell us they proceed to such sentences Christi nomine prius invocato having first called upon the Name of Christ ac ipsum solum Deum praeponentes setting God alone before them Our Articles 1552 tell us That excommunicate persons are to be avoided as being rightly cut off from the unity of the Church and ought to be taken of the whole multitude of the faithful as Heathens and Publicans Which Article is also verbatim in those 1562 and manifestly allude to that Text of our Saviour Matth. 18. 17. generally judged to be the Institution of this Ordinance under the Gospel Nor can any thing be clearer then the declared Judgment of Arch-Bishop Cranmer Bishop Goodrick Dr. Cox Dr. Peter Martyr Dr. May Dr. Taylor Mr. Lucas and Mr. Goodrick who were the 8 Persons part of 32 afterward intended who according to Three Acts of Parliament made in the case were appointed by the Letters Patents of Edward the 6th Dat. Nov. 11. in the Fifth Year of His Reign and authorised to revise the Canon Law and out of it to draw up a body of Canon Law which should alone be used in England who did meet and draw up such a body though King Edward lived not to confirm what they had done by His Royal Sanction as may be seen by a Book called Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum printed 1670 and reprinted 1641. These great Divines tell us in their Chapter about Excommunication That it is a Power and Authority derived from God to his Church c. and Chap. 2. That the Church receiveth these keys from Christ To multiply words in this cause were vain for none that ever owned Excommunication owned it in any other notion then as an Institution of Christ's And there is no pretence for any to seclude men

this Appointment which is keeping the Church pure as the spouse of Christ Now how can the communion of any Church be corrupted but either by damnable Heresie Superstitious or Idolatrous worship or by the lewd conversation of its members from whence what was said before follows that none but damnable Hereticks Idolatrous and persons lewd in their lives and Pertinaciously resolved to continue so can by any right or authority from Christ be Excommunicated 3. Further it being an Institution of Christ it must be used as by those persons whom he hath appointed to it and towards those persons onely whom he hath willed should be so punished as a means in order to their Reformation So with those circumstances and in that order onely which he hath prescribed what is that let us look Matth. 18. 16 17. we shall find it must be after first second and third admonition St. Paul saith Titus 3. 10. After the first and second admonition Conformable to this hath been the practice of the Primitive Church and such was the Judgment of our first Reformers as may be seen in the book beforementioned cap. 4. pag. 160. I will translate the whole Chapter No Judge shall Excommunicate any person unless he hath admonished him once and again and a third time if occasion be that if it might be he might seasonably reform his life and there shall be a certain time allotted to the offender for him to think and conclude with himself whether he will obey the admonition But he that is rightly called that is for such crimes as Excommunication ought to proceed against if he appeareth not prejently runs the danger of Excommunication From the premises naturally followeth That it is impossible that the holy name of God our Saviour should be more profaned in the pretended use of any institution of his Then for them to meddle with it whom he never appointed thereunto and for it to be applyed to those whom he never directed the application of it unto and for it to be used in a method or manner contrary to what he hath directed And for this Ordinance it is an institution which he hath appointed for purging his Church from stubborn Hereticks and lewd livers which he hath ordained his Church and the officers of it should discreetly and with great gravity leisure and seriousness use in order to that end First calling before them persons accused of such guilt then gravely admonishing them a first second third time giving them due leisure to think upon their pious and grave counsel and to amend and if they do not then they are to declare them Separated from the Church in the Communion of all Ordinances but such as Heathens may communicate in and such with whom the members of the Church must have no intimate and unnecessary communion with them though they may buy and sell with them as they may with Heathens and they ought to admonish them occasionally as they meet them as those who have formerly been Brethren not counting them as Enemies 2 Thes 3. 14 15. Let us now Sir Examine how this grave and dreadful Sentence is made use of by Officials for what end upon what persons and in what manner 1. Excommunication among us is decreed by Officials who are most of them Doctors of Civil and Cannon Law some of them but very few ordained persons but seldom or never by the Bishop or Minister of the place to which the concerned person belongeth We indeed plead the necessity of Bishops for jurisdiction of which this is the main but in practice confess there is no such need for persons are cited admonished Excommunicated laid up in Gaols and the Bishop never knows of it For persons not in orders to Excommunicate is an abomination not allowed in the Popish Church and for any in orders to excommunicate persons to whom they stand neither in the Relation of Chief Pastors as Bishops are accounted nor curates or subordinate pastors is what is warranted by no Authority from Gods word nor any true primitive Authority nor the judgment or practice of any other Reformed Church nor the judgment of our own first Reformers So that plainly the institution is perverted profaned and abused as to the Administrators of it But let us enquire further 2. All Excommunications proceed upon contempt and ought not otherwise to proceed This contempt may be 1. When persons duly cited for such Crimes as by the rule of Christ men ought to be censured for do not appear 2. When appearing they yet refuse to obey the Ecclesiastical Judges admonition of them to amend such courses and practices as according to the word of God they are to avoid or if they persist in to be cast out of the Church For our Officials cause men ordinarily to be cited to their Courts not only for erroneous Doctrines or for their leud practices such as Drunkenness Fornication Adultery Incest Cursing profane Swearing c. but for any Crimes or Offences which they take their Courts to have jurisdiction of which as they make them are almost innumerable if they appear not as the day they are presently Excommunicated though it may be they were cited for not paying a Church-Wardens rates and it may be where they were unjustly taxed or a Proctors Bill which it may be is thrice what by Law it should be or for not coming to prove a Will and an Hundred such like trivial things If they do appear and the Judge admonisheth them to appear next day and they fail or to answer a Libel which is illegal and they are not in Law bound to answer Or an Hundred such like light things they are again if they obey not Decreed Excommunicate So the punishment which Christ hath appointed for the most vile and flagitious Crimes is dayly made use of to punish the most minute and trivial Offences expresly contrary both to Scripture and to the Judgment of all Reformed Churches and our own Primitive Reformers 3. According to the Rule of the Word of God the Judgment of all Reformed Churches and our own First Reformers Excommunication ought not to be agreed or decreed by any single persons nor before a first second and if need be a third admonition and those so given that the presumed guilty person have due leisure to consider with himself what to do and to digest his pious admonitions But the way of our Officials is to admonish thrice in a Breath saying I admonish you the first time I admonish you the second time I admonish you the third time I decree you Excommunicate all in the Tenth part of an hour Now Sir I offer it to your serious consideration and the Reflection of any person of Religion and Sense whether this be not as high a profanation of an Holy Institution of our Saviours as can reasonably be imagined Nor had it been so long endured in this Reformed Church had not King Hen. 8th first then Edw. 6th dyed before they had called together

of man can justify any Minister before God in any act of impiety or unrighteousness much less alter the nature of the action and make that pious and righteous which is predetermined by the Law of God impious or unrighteous to assert any such Atheological position is in plain terms to make the Creature paramount to God and a Controuler of his Creator but if it would still the guilt must lie somewhere 2. But Sir Doth it no deserve some further deliberation whether the Civil Magistrate hath any obligation from God upon him thus to corroborate Church-censures I do know that our Common Law Writt de excommunicato capiendo saith qu●a querelis Ecclesiae deesse non debemus But I want one Text of Scripture to prove any such thing The great ends of excommunication are 1. Purging the communion of the Church 2. The Reformation of the offender The first end is obtained by Excommunication if indeed an Excommunicated person will intrude into the Communion of the Church it is a breach of the peace and falleth under the Magistrates cognisance For the Second end A Gaol in ordinary cases proveth a very inadequate medium to the Reformation of any person and where it doth one good it is found upon experience to do hurt to an hundred Humane Nature is rarely tamed by such rough applications I never yet knew any cured of their Nonconformity by being laid up in Prison 'T is such an Anti-Evangelical way of Cure as hath not met with any success that can farther commend it When our Blessed Saviour instituted the purgation of his Church He spake not a word of a Gaol He ordained that his Church should send for an Erroneous and Scandalous person endeavour to convince the Gainsayer of his error instructing him with all meekness rebuking him with all gravity by the Mouths of their grave Pastors and Teachers That if doing this once would not produce the desired effect they should do it a second then a third time waiting to see if God at any time would give him a heart to repent If this would not do That the Church being in the Name of Christ gathered together should declare such a person cut off from the Communion of his People This now done by persons not guilty of the like or worser Crimes and clothed with the Authority of Christ is a probable means to reduce the offender however the Church is cleared from such a person and its Communion is kept pure though the Person be thus cut off from Communion yet the Church shall not count him as an Enemy but mourn over him pray for him admonish him as a Brother How came in the Writt de Excommunicato capiendo as if the Ordinance of God had not sufficient Authority for its ends For 300 years after Christ the Church could have no such assistance nor do we read that it complained for the want of it possibly here and there God might make some pertinacious Heretick or debauchee an extraordinary Example of his Vengeance He hath done so in our Age in the case of Mrs. Hutchinson in New England but that God ever did This ordinarily for the first 300 years can be proved by no Scripture no Authentick Authority But as the Popish Government crept up by degrees so pretended Church Officers began to enlarge their jurisdiction and to excommunicate for slight and trivial causes without any pretence of Authority from God but meerly to subjugate people to their Wills and get fees for Chancellors Officials Registers c. They had no reason to trust God any longer to vindicate their usurped Authority and to justifie their groundless and impious Excommunications and Anathemaes They must therefore now call in the Civil Magistrate to do that which they could not expect that God should ever do Now come Writts to be invented To imprison persons excommunicated To take Apostates To burn Hereticks c. The Ordinance of God was first turn'd into Ridicule by dealing it out as Solomon saith Prov. 26. 18. the mad man casteth firebrands arrows and death and most lewd and vitious persons imployed to dispense this grave sentence principally to be used against lewd persons so as every one that heard them cryed out Physician heal thy self and all sober persons thought they heard God speaking to them What hast thou to do to declare my Statutes and that thou shouldst take my name or my authority or my censures into thy mouth seeing thou hatest instruction and castest my words behind thee and then the civil Magistrate was called in to help the Church in her male-administrations whose work indeed was to have whipt these buyers and sellers out of the Lords Temple and then the glory of the Lord would again have appeared betwixt the Cherubims Excommunication would have appeared dreadful enough without the appendix of a Gaol There was never any need of Gaoles to punish excommunicated persons till persons came to be excommunicated for not paying Sextons wages Proctors fees Easter two-pences Tythe-piggs and Geese not coming to the Parish-Church not signing with the Cross not wearing Surplices not kneeling at the Sacrament crimes not mentioned in the word of God yea for preaching the Gospel meeting together to pray to God or to hear a good Sermon And it is not a Gaol will convince those offenders that they do evil Obj. But I hear some say These are all acts of disobedience to Authority and disobedience is as the sin of witchcraft Resp Disobedience to the Law of God of which Samuel speakes is indeed as the sin of witchcraft but yet every disobedience to the Law of God is not to be punished by Excommunication It will be hard to justifie it to be the will of God that persons should be excommunicated for every idle word of which they must give account or for an 100 things forbidden by the Law of God much less for all things forbidden by the Law of God Nor is a Gaol the punishment set for every disobedience to the Law of man 3. But Sir admit a person were duly Excommunicated according to the Law of God which not one of a hundred is not one of ten duly according to the laws of men witness the Judges relieving many by Writs of prohibition habeas corpus supersedeas c. and many more would be so relieved were they acquainted with the law or had they purses to take the advantage of it yet I very much doubt whether the Civil Magistrate with a safe Conscience can send him to prison and so be a means of his ruine My reason is because he hath had no knowledg of his crime further than that an Official hath told him he hath been excommunicated 40 dayes I take for granted and I appeal to your reasons whether any Magistrate ought not to do what he doth out of judgment and upon certain knowledge Our law suffereth not the Magistrate to grant an execution against any for forty shillings till he hath been arrested and he hath