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A69343 A report and discourse written by Roger Ascham, of the affaires and state of Germany and the Emperour Charles his court, duryng certaine yeares while the sayd Roger was there Ascham, Roger, 1515-1568. 1570 (1570) STC 830; ESTC S100282 38,134 76

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meanes of Ferranto Gonzaga gouernour of Millan by whose death the state of Placentia belōging then to the house of Fernesia came into the Emperour handes The whole processe of this mans death is at length set out in the stories of Italie my purpose is onely to touch it because hereby rose such a heate betwixt the whole famely of Fernesia and Don Ferranto Gonzaga as hath stirred vp such a smoke in Italy betwixt the Emperour and Fraunce as is not like to be quenched but with many a poore mans bloud as Horace noteth wittely out of Homer saying What follies so euer great Princes make The people therfore go to wrake Octauio beyng sorest greeued with his fathers death and beyng best able to reuenge it was so feared of Gonzaga that he thought hym selfe neuer assured for Petro Luis death as long as Octauio his sonne should lyue for men neuer loue whē they haue iust cause to feare but must nedes still mistrust without all hope of reconcilyng whom they haue before hurt beyōd all remedy of amendes And yet I heard a gentlemā of Millan say who was sent hether to the Emperour by Gonzaga that Octauio is such a Prince for good nature and gentle behauiour that he supposed there was not one in Italy but did loue hym except it were his maister Gonzaga These two Princes beyng neighbours the one at Millan the other at Parma shewed smal frendshyp the one to the other But Octauio was euermore wrong to the worse by many and sundry spites but chiefly with dayly feare of hys life by poysoning for the which fact certain persons in Parma were taken and layd fast Neuertheles Octauios nature is so farre from seekyng bloud and reuenge and so geuen to pitie and gentlenes that although they went about not onely to geue away his state by treason but also to take away his life by poysonyng yea and after that the deede was proued playnly on them and sentence of death pronounced openly agaynst them yet he gaue them lyfe and libertie which would haue taken both from hym And when Monsieur Thermes earnestly told him that where the euill were not kept in with feare of Iustice the good should neuer lyue in suretie and quietnes his aunswere was that he so abhorred the sheddyng of bloud in others as he would neuer wash his handes in any let his enemies do to him the worst they could Addyng that he thought it his most honor to be vnlykest such for his gentlenes which were misliked of all mē for their crueltie wherby he hath wonne that he which of good nature can hurt none is now of right loued of all and onely hated of him whō no man in Italy for his cruelty doth loue And this talke is so true that it was told in an other language but in the selfe same termes at an honorable table here in Bruxels by a gentleman of Millan an agent in the Court a doer for Gonzaga who the same tyme was prisoner in Parma And although Octauio by good nature was harmeles in not seekyng reuenge yet he was not careles by good reason in seekyng hys remedy but made oft great cōplaintes of his grieues to the Emperour which were not so hotely made but they were as coldly heard that at lēgth Octauio findyng least comfort where of right he looked for most ayde seyng that displeasures could not be ended in Gonzaga nor could not be amended by the Emperour then he compelled agaynst his nature turned his hate due to Gonzaga to reuenge this vndeserued vnkyndnes in the Emperour euen as Pausanias dyd with Phillip kyng of Macedonie who conqueryng with pollicie and power all outward enemyes was slayne when and where he thought him selfe most sure of his dearest frēd for vnkindnes because Phillip ought and would not reuēge Pausanias on him that had done him a foule displeasure Octauio seyng what was done to his father euen when hys graundfather was Byshop of Rome thought that now as his house decayed so his iopardy encreased And therfore agaynst a desperate euill began to seeke for a desperate remedie which was set from Rome a shop alwayes open to any mischief as you shall perceiue in these few leaues if you marke them well Octauio cōplained to Iulio tercio of the wrōges of Gonzaga of the vnkindnes of the Emperour desiryng that by his wisedome and authoritie he would now succor him or els not onely he should leese his life but also the Church of Rome should lose her right in Parma as she had done before in Placentia The Byshop gaue good eare to this talke for he spied that hereby should be offred vnto him a fit occasion to set the Emperour and Fraunce together by the eares He thought the Emperour was to bigge in Italy hauyng on the one side of Rome Naples vnder his obedience on the other side Siena Florence and Genoa at his commaundement besides Placentia Millan Monteferrato and a great part of Piemount The Emperour beyng thus strong in Italy the Byshop thought his own state to be his so lōg as it pleased the Emperour to let him haue it therfore if Parma were not left an entry for Fraunce to come into Italy he might ouersoone be shut vp in present miserie when all outward ayde should be shut out from him The Popes counsel was that Octauio should put him selfe vnder the French kynges protection whom hee knew would most willingly receiue him Parma lying so fit for the French kyng when soeuer he would set vpon the enterprice of Millan This practise of the Pope Monsieur de Thermes the French kynges Ambassadours dyd vtter before the consistorie of Cardinals at Rome prouing that the Pope not the kyng his master was the occasion of that warre When Octauio with the whole house of Farnesia became thus Frēch the Emperour more fearyng the state of Millan then lamentyng the losse of Octauio persuaded on his side the Byshop of Rome to require Parma as the Churches right to punish Octauio as the Churches rebell promising that he him selfe as an obedient sonne of the Church would stretch out his arme and open his purse in that recouery of the Churches right neuertheles the Byshop must beare the name of the warre because hee might not breake peace with Fraunce Thus Princes openly cōtenācing quietnes priuily brewyng debate although they got others to broch it yet God commōly suffreth thē selues to drinke most of the misery thereof in the end The Byshop seyng that he must either begyn the mischief or els it would not on so fast as he wished to haue it set lustely vpon it and first cited Octauio after excommunicated him and shortly after besieged Parma ayded both with mē and money by the Emperour which thyng the French kyng began to stomach thinckyng that the Emperour dyd offer him both wrong dishonor in not suffring him beyng a kyng to helpe a poore man that fled to his ayde And thus these two Princes first