very_a same_o 14._o cassidiorus_fw-la in_o the_o like_a word_n and_o so_o do_v 88_o ivo_n carnotensis_n 12._o gratian_n and_o 2._o blastares_n and_o who_o be_v ancient_a than_o they_o all_o except_o the_o two_o first_o 32._o gelasius_n cyzicenus_n who_o transcribe_v the_o act_n of_o that_o council_n out_o of_o a_o copy_n which_o have_v belong_v to_o dalmatius_n bishop_n of_o cycicum_fw-la who_o be_v present_a in_o the_o ephesine_fw-la council_n in_o the_o year_n 431._o so_o that_o they_o who_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o history_n may_v with_o equal_a reason_n deny_v the_o existence_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n since_o both_o be_v attest_v with_o the_o same_o authority_n yet_o be_v this_o do_v by_o many_o writer_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n particular_o barronius_n bellarmine_n and_o especial_o turrian_n who_o trifle_a argument_n the_o learned_a 66._o mâ—…ndosa_n relate_v and_o confute_v more_o general_a and_o notorious_a have_v be_v the_o fraud_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o pretend_v that_o the_o three_o canon_n of_o this_o council_n make_v against_o the_o housekeeper_n be_v direct_v against_o their_o marriage_n of_o this_o imposture_n the_o pope_n and_o council_n of_o the_o eleven_o age_n make_v great_a use_n never_o fail_v to_o back_v their_o decree_n with_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a the_o canon_n be_v conceive_v in_o these_o word_n 3._o the_o great_a synod_n have_v whole_o forbid_v to_o all_o bishop_n priest_n deacon_n and_o all_o the_o clergy_n to_o have_v a_o housekeeper_n unless_o she_o be_v a_o mother_n or_o a_o sister_n or_o a_o aunt_n or_o those_o person_n only_o who_o be_v liable_a to_o no_o suspicion_n that_o wife_n be_v not_o hereby_o forbid_v to_o the_o clergy_n will_v be_v impertinent_a to_o demonstrate_v if_o the_o unreasonableness_n of_o our_o adversary_n do_v not_o require_v it_o first_o then_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o the_o historian_n last_o mention_v prove_v this_o for_o if_o the_o council_n have_v by_o this_o canon_n forbid_v wife_n to_o the_o clergy_n the_o advice_n of_o paphnutius_fw-la will_v not_o have_v be_v follow_v but_o reject_v second_o we_o before_o prove_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o sort_n of_o woman_n far_o different_a from_o wife_n who_o be_v never_o rank_v in_o the_o number_n of_o they_o three_o the_o constant_a practice_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n demonstrate_v it_o which_o ever_o allow_v to_o the_o clergy_n the_o society_n of_o their_o wife_n from_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a to_o this_o day_n four_o otherwise_o marriage_n will_v have_v be_v forbid_v to_o the_o inferior_a order_n also_o contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n in_o all_o age_n for_o the_o canon_n after_o mention_n of_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n subjoin_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o prohibition_n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o clergy_n five_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n junior_n repeat_v and_o reinforce_a this_o very_a canon_n after_o a_o permission_n of_o the_o cohabitation_n of_o mother_n sister_n or_o aunt_n with_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o canon_n subjoin_v 44._o those_o also_o chase_n love_n require_v not_o to_o be_v forsake_v which_o be_v lawful_o marry_v before_o the_o ordination_n of_o their_o husband_n for_o they_o be_v not_o unfitting_o join_v to_o clergyman_n who_o by_o their_o discreet_a conversation_n make_v their_o husband_n worthy_a of_o the_o priesthood_n and_o gregor_n balsamon_n thus_o comment_n upon_o this_o canon_n d_o read_v the_o canon_n of_o the_o nicene_n synod_n which_o forbid_v housekeeper_n to_o be_v retain_v by_o housekeeper_n the_o canon_n which_o be_v the_o three_o of_o that_o synod_n mean_v woman_n take_v into_o the_o house_n of_o unmarried_a clergyman_n and_o dwell_v with_o they_o last_o to_o omit_v the_o confession_n of_o other_o learned_a romanist_n 66._o mendoza_n not_o only_o grant_v but_o prove_v that_o in_o this_o canon_n housekeeper_n be_v forbid_v only_o to_o those_o clergyman_n who_o never_o have_v marry_v wife_n or_o have_v lose_v they_o by_o death_n the_o determination_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a settle_v the_o matter_n and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n about_o celibacy_n in_o the_o eastern_a church_n thence_o forward_o be_v a_o profound_a silence_n in_o the_o act_n of_o the_o eastern_a synod_n concern_v the_o marriage_n or_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n till_o the_o quiniext_a council_n in_o the_o year_n 692._o where_o bishop_n be_v forbid_v the_o use_n of_o marriage_n which_o till_o then_o be_v permit_v to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n of_o that_o council_n we_o shall_v speak_v more_o large_o hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n the_o general_a custom_n which_o obtain_v in_o the_o eastern_a church_n of_o permit_v to_o the_o clergy_n the_o use_n of_o marriage_n contract_v before_o but_o not_o after_o ordination_n receive_v some_o little_a variation_n three_o several_a way_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v next_o observe_v first_o then_o a_o total_a abstinence_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o 22_o their_o wife_n be_v introduce_v into_o the_o province_n of_o thessaly_n by_o heliodorus_n bishop_n of_o trica_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o arcadius_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o or_o beginning_n of_o the_o five_o age._n so_o that_o the_o clergy_n accompany_v with_o their_o wife_n after_o ordination_n be_v depose_v the_o same_o custom_n obtain_v in_o the_o province_n of_o thessalonica_n achaia_n and_o macedonia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o socrates_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o five_o age_n but_o in_o no_o other_o part_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n as_o he_o obesrve_v how_o long_o this_o custom_n continue_v in_o any_o of_o these_o province_n be_v uncertain_a second_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o age_n it_o become_v very_o usual_a for_o bishop_n both_o in_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a church_n when_o they_o be_v assume_v to_o that_o dignity_n public_o to_o vow_v perpetual_a abstinence_n from_o their_o wife_n this_o they_o do_v voluntary_o not_o necessitate_v to_o it_o by_o any_o law_n as_o cit_fw-la socrates_n observe_v that_o they_o may_v raise_v to_o themselves_o the_o great_a reputation_n of_o holiness_n among_o the_o people_n and_o equal_a the_o suppose_a continence_n of_o unmarried_a bishop_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o they_o to_o return_v to_o the_o embrace_n of_o their_o wife_n if_o they_o do_v the_o fact_n be_v esteem_v scandalous_a and_o sometime_o punish_v with_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o church_n thus_o among_o the_o seven_o head_n of_o accusation_n for_o which_o antoninus_n bishop_n of_o ephesus_n be_v depose_v by_o st._n chrysostome_n in_o a_o synod_n in_o the_o year_n 400._o one_o be_v camald_n that_o after_o he_o have_v vow_v abstinence_n from_o his_o wife_n he_o accompany_v with_o she_o again_o and_o have_v child_n by_o she_o thus_o urbicus_n bishop_n of_o clermont_n in_o france_n about_o the_o same_o time_n vow_v continence_n at_o his_o consecration_n and_o afterward_o beget_v a_o daughter_n of_o his_o wife_n do_v 44._o voluntary_a penance_n for_o it_o for_o this_o reason_n also_o macliau_n bishop_n of_o vannes_n be_v excommunicate_v 4._o by_o the_o bishop_n of_o bretagne_n for_o that_o have_v when_o persecute_v by_o his_o brother_n chanao_n prince_n of_o bretagne_n flee_v to_o vannes_n and_o there_o disguise_v himself_o profess_a chastity_n and_o afterward_o make_v bishop_n he_o have_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n resume_v his_o wife_n together_o with_o the_o principality_n three_o which_o be_v most_o considerable_a a_o custom_n be_v afterward_o introduce_v in_o the_o eastern_a church_n whereby_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o 2._o blastares_n for_o priest_n any_o time_n within_o ten_o year_n to_o be_v reckon_v from_o their_o ordination_n to_o marry_v lawful_a wife_n this_o custom_n continue_v till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nine_o age_n when_o it_o be_v repeal_v by_o 3._o leo_n the_o emperor_n from_o who_o constitution_n it_o appear_v that_o this_o custom_n be_v then_o become_v universal_a although_o that_o instead_o of_o ten_o year_n read_v two_o year_n in_o the_o western_a church_n the_o cause_n of_o celibacy_n lay_v dormant_a till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o age_n neither_o countenance_v nor_o oppose_v by_o any_o public_a constitution_n of_o the_o church_n however_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o it_o gain_v infinite_a veneration_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n and_o thereby_o make_v way_n for_o a_o public_a imposition_n of_o it_o this_o be_v attempt_v by_o pope_n siricius_n in_o the_o year_n 385._o a_o simple_a pope_n as_o 16._o st._n hierome_n a_o man_n of_o inconsiderate_a zeal_n as_o 680._o sacchinus_fw-la the_o jesuit_n call_v he_o he_o in_o a_o epistle_n to_o himerius_n bishop_n of_o tarragon_n in_o spain_n date_v this_o year_n after_o a_o long_a harangue_n against_o the_o clergy_n use_v
a_o treatise_n of_o the_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n wherein_o its_o rise_n and_o progress_n be_v historical_o consider_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d epiphan_n haeres_fw-la xliii_o in_o init_fw-la london_n print_v by_o h._n clark_n for_o james_n adamson_n at_o the_o angel_n and_o crown_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1688._o the_o preface_n among_o the_o error_n and_o corruption_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n there_o be_v such_o which_o have_v neither_o any_o foundation_n nor_o show_n of_o antiquity_n but_o be_v the_o mere_a invention_n of_o latter_o ignorant_a and_o barbarous_a age_n other_o which_o obtain_v not_o indeed_o in_o the_o ancient_a church_n but_o arise_v from_o the_o degeneracy_n of_o some_o belief_n or_o corruptiin_n of_o some_o practice_n receive_v and_o use_v by_o the_o ancient_a christian_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v transubstantiation_n half-communion_n supremacy_n of_o the_o pope_n worship_n of_o image_n and_o the_o like_a groundless_a opinion_n and_o practice_n which_o the_o ancient_a church_n never_o think_v of_o much_o less_o admit_v of_o the_o latter_a kind_n be_v invocation_n of_o saint_n which_o arise_v from_o a_o extraordinary_a veneration_n pay_v to_o the_o memory_n and_o relic_n of_o bless_a saint_n and_o martyr_n degenerate_v in_o latter_a age_n into_o downright_a superstition_n and_o impiety_n purgatory_n advance_v from_o a_o belief_n general_o receive_v in_o the_o ancient_a church_n that_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o depart_a be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o beatisical_a vision_n before_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n into_o a_o foolish_a opinion_n of_o a_o fictitious_a place_n of_o torment_n which_o may_v receive_v they_o in_o that_o interval_n of_o time_n and_o infallibility_n of_o council_n raise_v from_o a_o external_a submission_n of_o ancient_a christian_n to_o their_o decree_n into_o a_o obligation_n of_o yield_v a_o internal_a assent_n to_o their_o definition_n the_o beginning_n and_o rise_v of_o the_o error_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v unknown_a and_o uncertain_a as_o be_v found_v in_o dark_a and_o ignorant_a age_n who_o action_n be_v now_o no_o less_o obscure_a than_o be_v then_o their_o notion_n but_o the_o latter_a sort_n admit_v a_o more_o clear_a and_o more_o certain_a knowledge_n their_o several_a step_n progress_n and_o gradation_n may_v without_o much_o difficulty_n be_v trace_v out_o and_o expose_v to_o the_o view_n of_o all_o mankind_n as_o have_v be_v often_o do_v by_o the_o divine_n of_o the_o reform_a church_n but_o the_o most_o eminent_a instance_n of_o the_o latter_a kind_n be_v the_o imposition_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o arise_v from_o a_o immoderate_a affection_n and_o reverence_n of_o virginity_n in_o the_o ancient_a universal_a church_n and_o example_n of_o many_o particular_a church_n upon_o which_o account_n i_o may_v bold_o affirm_v that_o the_o imposition_n of_o celibacy_n have_v great_a advantage_n to_o recommend_v and_o justify_v it_o to_o the_o world_n than_o any_o other_o erroneous_a practice_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n whatsoever_o many_o other_o indeed_o proceed_v from_o the_o imitation_n and_o advancement_n of_o some_o ancient_a doctrine_n or_o practice_n but_o then_o that_o practice_n degenerate_v into_o abuse_n and_o that_o doctrine_n be_v advance_v into_o error_n whereas_o the_o imposition_n of_o celibacy_n can_v plead_v not_o only_o the_o countenance_n and_o resemblance_n of_o ancient_a time_n but_o produce_v the_o example_n and_o authority_n of_o pope_n council_n and_o doctor_n who_o ancient_o impose_v celibacy_n upon_o the_o clergy_n and_o urge_v the_o imposition_n of_o it_o with_o no_o less_o fervour_n than_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n continue_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n however_o celibacy_n be_v confirm_v by_o these_o great_a authority_n and_o recommend_v by_o this_o peculiar_a advantage_n of_o undoubted_a antiquity_n few_o divine_n of_o our_o church_n have_v handle_v this_o controversy_n or_o endeavour_v to_o show_v the_o inclusiveness_n of_o those_o authority_n and_o weakness_n of_o this_o antiquity_n some_o few_o have_v produce_v authority_n of_o the_o ancient_a writer_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o contrary_a practice_n or_o in_o treat_v of_o other_o argument_n have_v brief_o touch_v of_o it_o and_o all_o have_v pass_v it_o over_o in_o a_o few_o word_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o less_o moment_n at_o lest_o none_o that_o i_o know_v of_o have_v handle_v this_o controversy_n in_o a_o particular_a treatise_n nor_o show_v the_o beginning_n occasion_n advances_n and_o success_n of_o the_o imposition_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o several_a age_n of_o the_o church_n this_o enquiry_n have_v be_v omit_v not_o because_o truth_n be_v want_v to_o our_o side_n or_o the_o whole_a stream_n of_o antiquity_n run_v contrary_a to_o we_o but_o because_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o less_o momentous_a controversy_n and_o our_o clergy_n who_o peculiar_a glory_n it_o be_v to_o be_v less_o solicitous_a of_o their_o interest_n even_o in_o thing_n lawful_a and_o indifferent_a decline_v the_o controversy_n lest_o in_o plead_v for_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o marriage_n and_o they_o shall_v be_v think_v by_o a_o censorious_a world_n to_o plead_v for_o their_o own_o passion_n and_o inclination_n and_o perhaps_o practise_v too_o to_o supply_v this_o defect_n be_v the_o design_n of_o this_o treatise_n to_o vindicate_v the_o injure_a cause_n of_o marriage_n and_o show_v that_o the_o ancient_a esteem_n of_o celibacy_n be_v neither_o rational_a nor_o universal_a that_o both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a imposition_n of_o it_o be_v unlawful_a and_o that_o the_o ancient_a use_n of_o it_o be_v no_o reasonable_a nor_o necessary_a precedent_n of_o the_o modern_a practice_n of_o it_o to_o show_v the_o occasion_n of_o that_o esteem_n and_o beginning_n of_o this_o imposition_n and_o carry_v the_o history_n of_o the_o celibacy_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n through_o the_o several_a age_n of_o the_o church_n this_o i_o have_v here_o undertake_v and_o as_o i_o hope_v in_o some_o measure_n perform_v perhaps_o with_o so_o much_o the_o better_a success_n because_o induce_v by_o no_o prejudices_fw-la nor_o plead_v for_o any_o peculiar_a interest_n for_o the_o reader_n may_v be_v assure_v that_o the_o author_n of_o this_o treatise_n have_v neither_o experience_v the_o pleasure_n of_o marriage_n nor_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v a_o priest_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o because_o our_o adversary_n common_o object_v to_o we_o falsify_v of_o citation_n and_o borrow_v they_o from_o one_o another_o a_o crime_n which_o the_o romish_a priest_n of_o england_n be_v true_o guilty_a of_o perhaps_o therein_o to_o be_v excuse_v because_o the_o badness_n of_o their_o cause_n require_v the_o former_a and_o their_o own_o ignorance_n necessitate_v the_o latter_a 〈◊〉_d far_o to_o advertise_v the_o reader_n that_o of_o all_o the_o citation_n which_o he_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o treatise_n no_o one_o be_v take_v up_o at_o the_o second_o hand_n for_o the_o first_o 1300._o year_n and_o after_o that_o time_n no_o more_o than_o three_o writer_n cite_v upon_o the_o faith_n of_o other_o viz._n alvarus_n pelagius_n panormitan_n and_o polydore_n virgil_n who_o write_n i_o have_v not_o then_o by_o i_o nor_o have_v any_o opportunity_n to_o consult_v a_o treatise_n of_o the_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n wherein_o its_o rise_n and_o progress_n be_v historical_o consider_v virginity_n be_v a_o thing_n so_o plausible_a and_o if_o true_a so_o venerable_a so_o countenance_v by_o antiquity_n and_o admire_v by_o the_o unthinking_a multitude_n so_o high_o subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o secular_a interest_n and_o outward_a grandeur_n of_o the_o clergy_n that_o among_o all_o the_o artifices_fw-la wherewith_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n uphold_v a_o sink_a and_o decay_a cause_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o she_o more_o especial_o make_v use_n of_o this_o it_o may_v just_o deserve_v our_o reverence_n and_o excite_v our_o emulation_n if_o her_o clergy_n make_v good_a their_o glorious_a pretence_n of_o virginity_n by_o a_o real_a and_o unspotted_a chastity_n but_o since_o when_o we_o depart_v from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n we_o resume_v that_o ancient_a privilege_n of_o mankind_n of_o believe_v our_o sense_n since_o reason_n and_o revelation_n assure_v we_o that_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o mankind_n can_v and_o experience_n demonstrate_v that_o it_o do_v not_o enjoy_v a_o perfection_n so_o extraordinary_a since_o a_o enforce_a virtue_n and_o servile_a piety_n be_v neither_o acceptable_a to_o god_n nor_o venerable_a to_o man_n we_o slight_v their_o virginity_n because_o impose_v and_o do_v not_o believe_v it_o because_o we_o do_v not_o see_v it_o the_o plea_n indeed_o of_o antiquity_n be_v not_o only_o specious_a but_o in_o some_o measure_n true_a in_o the_o ancient_a church_n they_o retain_v a_o infinite_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n for_o virginity_n many_o extol_v it_o as_o the_o glory_n and_o
from_o marry_a priest_n but_o much_o far_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hildebrand_n and_o once_o again_o advance_v into_o the_o formal_a heresy_n of_o the_o eustathian_o from_o the_o montanist_n the_o catholic_n receive_v their_o dislike_n of_o second_o marriage_n one_o of_o the_o most_o palpable_a error_n of_o antiquity_n since_o what_o the_o apostle_n express_o allow_v and_o in_o some_o case_n advise_v most_o of_o the_o ancient_n decry_v as_o scandalous_a and_o inconvenient_a ofttimes_o as_o a_o tolerable_a evil_n and_o sometime_o even_o as_o a_o grievous_a sin_n tertullian_n have_v write_v whole_a book_n against_o it_o athenagoras_n fin_n call_v it_o a_o decent_a adultery_n origen_n sin_n maintain_v that_o a_o digamist_n however_o otherwise_o a_o person_n of_o good_a conversation_n and_o adorn_v with_o all_o other_o virtue_n not_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n i_o may_v add_v many_o other_o father_n and_o council_n who_o impose_v a_o tedious_a penance_n upon_o digamist_n but_o the_o thing_n be_v sufficient_o notorious_a this_o prejudice_n against_o digamy_n be_v first_o take_v up_o in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o age._n before_o that_o time_n second_o marriage_n be_v think_v indifferent_a and_o whole_o innocent_a hermes_n 4._o in_o â—…he_n first_o age_n have_v determine_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o and_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n 3._o in_o the_o next_o plead_v large_o for_o it_o from_o the_o gnostic_n the_o catholic_n receive_v a_o erroneous_a opinion_n of_o some_o impurity_n and_o sinfulness_n or_o at_o least_o imperfection_n in_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n they_o scruple_v not_o to_o use_v the_o authority_n of_o book_n forge_v by_o those_o heretic_n in_o prejudice_n of_o marriage_n such_o as_o the_o gospel_n of_o the_o egyptian_n the_o act_n of_o paul_n and_o tecla_n and_o the_o like_a and_o in_o some_o measure_n adopt_v their_o error_n thus_o origen_n and_o one_o of_o the_o most_o early_a favourer_n of_o celibacy_n write_v thus_o of_o marriage_n num._n although_o i_o will_v not_o positive_o pronounce_v yet_o i_o suppose_v these_o be_v some_o ordinary_a action_n of_o man_n which_o however_o they_o be_v free_a from_o sin_n be_v not_o worthy_a to_o be_v honour_v with_o tbe_n presence_n of_o the_o holy_a gospel_n for_o instance_n lawful_a marriage_n be_v not_o indeed_o sinful_a yet_o while_o conjugal_a act_n be_v perform_v the_o holy_a ghost_n will_v not_o be_v present_a although_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o prophet_n who_o perform_v they_o st._n hierom_n the_o great_a patron_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o next_o age_n go_v far_a and_o dispute_v against_o jovinian_a do_v in_o some_o place_n make_v marriage_n not_o only_o sinful_a but_o even_o damnable_a if_o it_o be_v good_a say_v he_o ibid._n for_o a_o man_n not_o to_o touch_v a_o woman_n than_o it_o be_v evil_a to_o touch_v she_o for_o nothing_o be_v contrary_a to_o good_a but_o evil._n while_o i_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o husband_n i_o do_v not_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o christian_n for_o the_o apostle_n command_v we_o shall_v always_o pray_v if_o so_o we_o must_v never_o serve_v the_o end_n of_o marriage_n for_o as_o often_o as_o i_o do_v that_o i_o can_v pray_v i_o suppose_v that_o the_o end_n of_o marriage_n be_v eternal_a death_n the_o earth_n indeed_o be_v fill_v by_o marriage_n but_o paradise_n by_o virginity_n and_o as_o the_o apostle_n permit_v not_o those_o who_o be_v already_o marry_v to_o put_v away_o their_o wife_n so_o he_o forbid_v virgin_n to_o marry_v marriage_n be_v permit_v only_o as_o a_o remedy_n of_o lust_n it_o be_v more_o tolerable_a to_o be_v prostitute_v to_o one_o man_n than_o many_o nor_o do_v this_o error_n expire_v with_o those_o heresy_n from_o whence_o they_o rise_v about_o the_o year_n 600._o when_o augustin_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n desire_v of_o pope_n gregory_n some_o instruction_n for_o his_o new_a convert_v in_o england_n and_o rule_n of_o ecclesiastical_a discipline_n he_o give_v he_o this_o for_o one_o 27._o a_o man_n after_o he_o have_v lay_v with_o his_o own_o wife_n ought_v not_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o church_n till_o he_o have_v wash_v himself_o with_o water_n nor_o must_v then_o immediate_o enter_v whereas_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n 3._o praise_v the_o simplicity_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n instance_v in_o this_o very_a ceremony_n which_o although_o use_v of_o old_a by_o the_o jew_n he_o say_v be_v no_o where_o practise_v in_o his_o time_n by_o the_o christian_n many_o other_o erroneon_n opinion_n obtain_v in_o the_o ancient_a church_n which_o proceed_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o this_o i_o will_v observe_v but_o one_o more_o their_o opinion_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o self-murder_n to_o prevent_v the_o loss_n of_o virginity_n imagine_v somewhat_o of_o sinfulness_n and_o impurity_n be_v inseparable_o annex_v even_o to_o the_o natural_a act_n of_o generation_n so_o eusebius_n alibi_fw-la bestow_v large_a encomium_n upon_o some_o virgin_n and_o matron_n who_o have_v lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o themselves_o to_o prevent_v the_o lust_n of_o heathen_n and_o aldhelmus_fw-la 1694._o cit_v a_o sentence_n of_o some_o father_n more_o ancient_a than_o himself_o self-murder_n be_v unlawful_a unless_o when_o chastity_n be_v endanger_v which_o he_o consirm_v and_o illustrate_v with_o many_o reason_n and_o example_n such_o weakness_n of_o the_o ancient_n have_v deserve_v indeed_o to_o be_v bury_v in_o oblivion_n if_o they_o have_v not_o influence_v their_o practice_n and_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o error_n which_o continue_v even_o to_o this_o day_n that_o marriage_n be_v a_o state_n unbefitting_a and_o celibacy_n therefore_o necessary_a to_o the_o clergy_n a_o opinion_n first_o take_v up_o upon_o those_o prejudices_fw-la which_o we_o have_v just_a now_o mention_v and_o maintain_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o those_o who_o be_v lead_v away_o with_o these_o mistake_v so_o that_o to_o take_v away_o the_o plea_n of_o antiquity_n from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o case_n of_o celibacy_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o the_o ancient_n receive_v and_o embrace_v it_o mere_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o these_o prejudices_fw-la and_o mistake_v which_o we_o have_v already_o do_v for_o these_o be_v the_o great_a and_o only_a argument_n of_o celibacy_n for_o the_o first_o thousand_o year_n while_o none_o be_v yet_o so_o foolish_a as_o to_o imagine_v it_o to_o be_v of_o divine_a or_o apostolical_a institution_n the_o preconceived_n opinion_n of_o the_o impurity_n of_o marriage_n in_o all_o and_o great_a indecency_n of_o it_o in_o those_o who_o administer_v holy_a thing_n tend_v direct_o to_o introduce_v the_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n for_o these_o reason_n num._n origen_n and_o fine_a eusebius_n who_o be_v the_o only_a orthodox_n writer_n before_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a who_o open_o prefer_v the_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o their_o marriage_n desire_v it_o may_v be_v introduce_v for_o they_o rather_o faint_o wish_v the_o thing_n than_o dogmatical_o use_v it_o and_o by_o their_o wish_n manifest_a that_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o introduce_v as_o for_o their_o unreasonable_a prejudice_n against_o digamy_n that_o contribute_v no_o less_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o celibacy_n than_o the_o other_o mistake_v for_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o digamy_n once_o suppose_v the_o force_n of_o the_o apostle_n precept_n of_o marriage_n to_o all_o who_o can_v not_o contain_v become_v whole_o enervate_a since_o a_o man_n be_v no_o less_o subject_n to_o incontinence_n after_o enjoyment_n of_o a_o wife_n for_o some_o few_o year_n perhaps_o day_n than_o he_o be_v before_o he_o ever_o marry_v beside_o all_o the_o patron_n of_o celibacy_n fail_v not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o argument_n that_o if_o second_o marriage_n be_v unlawful_a or_o indecent_a to_o the_o laity_n even_o first_o marriage_n will_v be_v so_o to_o the_o clergy_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o they_o who_o disallow_v second_o marriage_n in_o all_o to_o think_v first_o marriage_n only_o a_o tolerable_a evil_n and_o permit_v in_o some_o as_o divorce_n be_v former_o to_o the_o jew_n and_o then_o it_o be_v a_o natural_a order_n of_o superstition_n first_o to_o forbid_v second_o and_o then_o all_o marriage_n to_o the_o clergy_n therefore_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o three_o age_n 7._o tertullian_n affirm_v digamy_n to_o have_v be_v forbid_v to_o the_o clergy_n both_o by_o apostolical_a tradition_n and_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n and_o to_o be_v general_o discuss_v by_o they_o in_o his_o time_n as_o a_o scandalous_a imperfection_n if_o not_o a_o crime_n but_o we_o no_o where_o find_v marriage_n forbid_v to_o the_o clergy_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o apostolic_a canon_n first_o publish_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o or_o beginning_n of_o the_o next_o age._n these_o mistake_v and_o prejudices_fw-la and_o reason_n of_o celibacy_n found_v upon_o they_o be_v common_a to_o both_o
confirm_v by_o any_o pope_n or_o council_n to_o this_o day_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o to_o evince_v that_o this_o canon_n be_v to_o be_v thus_o understand_v only_o of_o a_o temporary_a abstinence_n of_o the_o clergy_n while_o they_o perform_v their_o office_n in_o their_o turn_n for_o the_o clergy_n have_v not_o then_o as_o now_o each_o one_o his_o parish_n assign_v he_o wherein_o to_o officiate_v but_o all_o of_o one_o city_n at_o least_o in_o the_o lesser_a city_n belong_v to_o one_o church_n supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n in_o order_n and_o relieve_v one_o the_o other_o by_o turn_n that_o this_o canon_n be_v to_o be_v thus_o understand_v appear_v 1._o from_o the_o plain_a word_n of_o it_o where_o positis_fw-la in_o ministerio_fw-la must_v either_o signify_v this_o or_o be_v whole_o impertinent_a since_o all_o the_o clergy_n by_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o their_o office_n be_v place_v in_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o church_n 2._o otherwise_o total_a abstinence_n will_v be_v enjoin_v to_o subdeacons_n reader_n exorcist_n and_o acolythi_a as_o well_o as_o to_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n and_o so_o albaspinaeus_n clericis_fw-la explain_v the_o word_n in_o totum_fw-la prohiberi_fw-la it_o be_v forbid_v say_v he_o to_o all_o clergyman_n whatsoever_o whereas_o subdeacons_n be_v never_o forbid_v the_o use_n of_o marriage_n till_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o five_o age_n and_o the_o three_o inferior_a order_n be_v not_o at_o this_o day_n forbid_v it_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 3._o when_o a_o total_a abstinence_n of_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n be_v propose_v in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a all_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o council_n express_v it_o by_o say_v some_o endeavour_v to_o introduce_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o new_a and_o unheard_a of_o law_n and_o paphnutius_fw-la oppose_v it_o plead_v that_o the_o church_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v burden_v with_o new_a imposition_n but_o that_o the_o universal_a tradition_n and_o practice_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v preserve_v now_o if_o this_o total_a abstinence_n have_v twenty_o year_n before_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o council_n of_o eliberis_n all_o those_o historian_n have_v mistake_v and_o hosius_n bishop_n of_o corduba_n who_o have_v be_v present_a in_o the_o council_n of_o eliberis_n and_o preside_v in_o that_o of_o nice_n will_v not_o have_v suffer_v the_o father_n to_o be_v lead_v away_o with_o the_o false_a representation_n of_o paphnutius_fw-la celibacy_n be_v not_o yet_o arrive_v at_o its_o crisis_n universal_o indeed_o applaud_v but_o no_o where_o impose_v yet_o have_v the_o unreasonable_a affection_n of_o it_o in_o many_o clergyman_n and_o a_o immoderate_a ambition_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o virginity_n in_o many_o lay_v person_n already_o introduce_v two_o of_o the_o most_o enormous_a scandal_n that_o ever_o the_o church_n labour_v under_o from_o the_o apostle_n to_o this_o day_n i_o mean_v emasculation_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v unmarried_a woman_n common_o those_o who_o have_v vow_v perpetual_a virginity_n take_v into_o the_o house_n as_o domestic_a assistant_n by_o clergyman_n who_o have_v either_o never_o marry_v or_o bury_v their_o wife_n or_o unmarried_a man_n common_o of_o the_o clergy_n take_v into_o the_o house_n in_o the_o same_o quality_n by_o woman_n or_o virgin_n who_o have_v vow_v continence_n we_o want_v a_o proper_a english_a word_n to_o express_v they_o and_o therefore_o must_v be_v content_a to_o call_v they_o housekeeper_n they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o most_o common_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o name_n be_v first_o give_v 30._o by_o the_o people_n of_o antioch_n to_o the_o housekeeper_n of_o paulus_n samosatenus_fw-la their_o bishop_n and_o his_o clergy_n by_o the_o latin_n they_o be_v term_v subintroductae_fw-la adscititiae_fw-la extraneae_fw-la alienae_n dilectae_fw-la sorores_n commanentes_fw-la and_o focariae_n they_o be_v take_v in_o by_o most_o under_o pretence_n of_o piety_n to_o encourage_v and_o assist_v one_o another_o by_o spiritual_a conference_n and_o exhortation_n but_o by_o all_o upon_o pretence_n of_o domestic_a assistance_n that_o the_o man_n may_v defend_v the_o woman_n from_o all_o injury_n to_o which_o otherwise_o that_o weak_a sex_n be_v expose_v and_o the_o woman_n may_v provide_v necessary_n for_o the_o man_n and_o take_v care_n of_o their_o family_n some_o perhaps_o make_v good_a their_o pretence_n by_o a_o sober_a and_o prudent_a conversation_n but_o the_o great_a part_n indulge_v to_o themselves_o the_o most_o inward_a familiarity_n of_o man_n and_o wife_n and_o make_v they_o even_o the_o companion_n of_o their_o sleep_n where_o they_o use_v all_o the_o embrace_n caress_n and_o allurement_n of_o the_o nuptial_a bed_n save_v only_o carnal_a knowledge_n and_o all_o this_o they_o open_o maintain_v to_o be_v lawful_a and_o think_v it_o not_o injurious_a to_o their_o profession_n of_o virginity_n and_o the_o integrity_n of_o their_o chastity_n but_o some_o proceed_v far_a and_o by_o visible_a effect_n discover_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o near_a familiarity_n and_o more_o â—…lose_a embrace_n to_o their_o own_o shame_n and_o the_o great_a scandal_n of_o the_o church_n other_o find_v or_o fear_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o so_o great_a temptation_n for_o can_v a_o man_n take_v fire_n into_o his_o bosom_n and_o not_o be_v burn_v 27._o as_o the_o father_n frequent_o apply_v to_o this_o case_n emasculate_v themselves_o that_o they_o may_v at_o least_o prevent_v all_o visible_a scandal_n when_o they_o can_v not_o extinguish_v the_o fire_n of_o their_o mind_n thus_o do_v fuga_fw-la leontius_n the_o arian_n bishop_n of_o antioch_n for_o the_o love_n of_o eustolium_fw-la his_o paramour_n and_o that_o the_o abuse_n be_v frequent_a even_o among_o the_o catholic_n appear_v from_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n especial_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr singularitate_fw-la clericorum_fw-la and_o st._n basil_n treatise_n of_o true_a virginity_n where_o he_o eloquent_o describe_v and_o bewail_v the_o scandalous_a familiarity_n of_o these_o eunuch_n and_o housekeeper_n see_v two_o egregious_a scandal_n the_o immediate_a effect_n even_o of_o a_o voluntary_a celibacy_n in_o the_o ancient_a church_n great_a than_o any_o which_o the_o church_n now_o suffer_v in_o the_o dregs_o of_o time_n we_o need_v not_o say_v any_o more_o of_o they_o if_o the_o unreasonable_a will_n of_o our_o adversary_n do_v not_o necessitate_v we_o to_o clear_v the_o matter_n a_o little_a far_o they_o maintain_v that_o by_o these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v mean_v also_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o clergy_n a_o pretence_n which_o however_o shameless_a and_o foolish_a be_v the_o main_a engine_n of_o advance_v celibacy_n in_o the_o latter_a age_n when_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o those_o council_n which_o have_v forbid_v housekeeper_n to_o the_o clergy_n be_v produce_v against_o their_o marriage_n and_o the_o ignorance_n of_o those_o age_n have_v sit_v they_o for_o a_o miserable_a delusion_n by_o such_o imposture_n to_o pass_v by_o then_o the_o confession_n of_o some_o learned_a writer_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o constant_a practice_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n which_o always_o forbid_v housekeeper_n but_o never_o wife_n to_o the_o clergy_n i_o will_v only_o oppose_v a_o few_o passage_n of_o the_o ancient_a writer_n st._n cyprian_n lament_v the_o folly_n of_o many_o consecrate_a virgin_n who_o have_v enter_v into_o the_o family_n and_o even_o into_o the_o bed_n of_o unmarried_a clergyman_n say_v pomponium_n last_o how_o grievous_a fall_v of_o many_o do_v we_o see_v hereby_o produce_v and_o with_o extreme_a grief_n behold_v the_o corruption_n of_o many_o virgin_n by_o these_o unlawful_a and_o dangerous_a familiarity_n wherefore_o if_o they_o desire_v the_o reward_n of_o virginity_n let_v they_o be_v virgin_n in_o good_a earnest_n but_o if_o they_o will_v not_o or_o can_v contain_v let_v they_o marry_v the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr singularitate_fw-la clericorum_fw-la have_v these_o word_n med_n why_o have_v he_o take_v a_o housekeeper_n who_o scorn_v to_o marry_v a_o wife_n so_o he_o who_o despise_v the_o bond_n of_o marriage_n and_o yet_o retain_v the_o familiarity_n of_o woman_n although_o he_o be_v not_o actual_o pollute_v yet_o enjoy_v they_o by_o imagination_n sight_n conversation_n and_o society_n st._n gregory_n nazianzen_n profess_v virginit_fw-la he_o know_v not_o whither_o to_o call_v they_o marry_v or_o unmarried_a person_n since_o in_o a_o unmarried_a state_n they_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o marriage_n st._n chrysostom_n in_o like_a manner_n say_v they_o be_v neither_o wife_n nor_o concubine_n but_o a_o middle_n kind_a unknown_a to_o former_a age_n and_o thus_o bespeak_v they_o 〈◊〉_d if_o you_o desire_v to_o have_v man_n
the_o clergy_n the_o use_n of_o marriage_n appear_v from_o the_o decretal_a of_o pope_n stephen_n cite_v by_o gratian_n in_o these_o word_n 14._o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n be_v different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n for_o in_o they_o priest_n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n be_v join_v in_o marriage_n matrimonio_fw-la copulantur_fw-la i._n e._n enjoy_v the_o use_n of_o marriage_n as_o mendoza_n 66._o have_v learned_o prove_v the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n to_o be_v but_o in_o this_o or_o the_o western_a church_n none_o of_o the_o clergy_n from_o a_o subdeacon_n to_o a_o bishop_n have_v liberty_n to_o use_v marriage_n here_o the_o pope_n express_o confess_v the_o use_n of_o marriage_n by_o the_o clergy_n to_o have_v be_v always_o the_o tradition_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n and_o if_o so_o it_o must_v have_v be_v also_o sometime_o of_o the_o western_a for_o be_v never_o practise_v in_o the_o east_n it_o can_v not_o be_v of_o apostolical_a institution_n and_o therefore_o must_v have_v be_v introduce_v in_o the_o west_n by_o some_o subsequent_a decree_n of_o the_o church_n this_o be_v the_o state_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o christian_a church_n for_o the_o first_o thousand_o year_n nowhere_a impose_v in_o the_o better_o and_o pure_a age_n of_o christianity_n introduce_v into_o the_o roman_a patriarchate_n by_o a_o rash_a pope_n command_v by_o many_o provincial_a council_n of_o the_o west_n but_o in_o no_o place_n universal_o observe_v the_o imposition_n of_o it_o always_o disuse_v and_o at_o last_o condemn_v in_o the_o eastern_a church_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o in_o these_o latter_a age_n become_v obsolete_a in_o the_o west_n it_o will_v not_o now_o be_v amiss_o to_o look_v back_o a_o little_a and_o make_v some_o observation_n upon_o the_o author_n and_o advance_v of_o celibacy_n whereby_o we_o may_v the_o better_a judge_n how_o far_o the_o authority_n and_o example_n of_o those_o time_n ought_v herein_o to_o influence_n and_o direct_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o present_a age._n first_o then_o the_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v hitherto_o esteem_v by_o all_o a_o matter_n of_o mere_a discipline_n first_o introduce_v for_o reason_n of_o decency_n convenience_n and_o suppose_a edification_n which_o have_v not_o only_o long_a since_o cease_v but_o celibacy_n be_v now_o become_v a_o snare_n to_o the_o clergy_n and_o a_o scandal_n to_o the_o whole_a church_n so_o that_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n even_o in_o those_o particular_a church_n where_o it_o be_v ancient_o introduce_v and_o command_v have_v long_o since_o cease_v the_o pretence_n of_o divine_a or_o apostolical_a institution_n be_v not_o hear_v of_o till_o the_o day_n of_o hildebrand_n and_o be_v but_o faint_o maintain_v in_o these_o time_n that_o the_o ancient_a imposer_n of_o celibacy_n never_o think_v of_o this_o pretence_n be_v evident_a because_o they_o never_o make_v that_o plea._n this_o we_o before_o observe_v particular_o of_o the_o decree_n of_o siricius_n and_o innocent_n and_o may_v be_v affirm_v of_o all_o pope_n and_o council_n which_o favour_v or_o command_v celibacy_n in_o those_o time_n not_o to_o say_v that_o some_o council_n as_o the_o quinisext_n ii_o of_o toledo_n and_o other_o express_o acknowledge_v the_o permission_n of_o marriage_n to_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v of_o apostolical_a institution_n ii_o the_o example_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o only_o not_o conclusive_a but_o even_o of_o no_o authority_n it_o neither_o necessitate_v nor_o recommend_v celibacy_n to_o the_o present_a church_n for_o all_o the_o deference_n which_o we_o owe_v to_o the_o authority_n and_o example_n of_o these_o time_n proceed_v from_o a_o probable_a supposition_n that_o the_o ancient_a church_n have_v great_a and_o better_a opportunity_n of_o know_v the_o mind_n of_o christ_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o the_o exigence_n of_o the_o church_n than_o the_o present_a age_n can_v pretend_v to_o as_o be_v more_o remove_v from_o the_o fountain_n head_n and_o animate_v with_o a_o less_o vigorous_a and_o impartial_a zeal_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n and_o increase_v of_o piety_n but_o when_o this_o supposition_n become_v not_o only_o improbable_a but_o be_v evident_o false_a when_o we_o be_v assure_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n be_v occasion_v and_o introduce_v by_o prejudices_fw-la and_o mistake_v false_a notion_n of_o piety_n and_o gross_a error_n about_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n imitation_n will_v not_o only_o be_v not_o laudable_a but_o even_o foolish_a and_o perhaps_o unlawful_a lest_o the_o continuance_n of_o such_o a_o practice_n shall_v uphold_v the_o error_n which_o first_o produce_v it_o at_o least_o when_o these_o mistake_n be_v discover_v these_o prejudices_fw-la remove_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o example_n will_v vanish_v with_o they_o that_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o ancient_a church_n we_o have_v all_o along_o observe_v and_o prove_v and_o need_v not_o here_o repeat_v our_o argument_n iii_o if_o we_o shall_v allow_v the_o usage_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n â—…o_o be_v in_o all_o case_n a_o rule_n and_o pattern_n to_o the_o present_a age_n yet_o will_v celibacy_n receive_v no_o advantage_n from_o it_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n may_v put_v in_o a_o large_a and_o much_o better_a plea_n of_o antiquity_n as_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n in_o the_o four_o first_o age_n of_o christianity_n of_o the_o whole_a eastern_a and_o many_o part_n of_o the_o western_a church_n to_o this_o day_n and_o allege_v the_o suffrage_n of_o two_o general_a council_n the_o first_o and_o four_o which_o confirm_v and_o allow_v it_o whereas_o the_o imposition_n of_o celibacy_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o first_o and_o better_a age_n not_o universal_o practise_v in_o the_o latter_a reject_v by_o one_o and_o condemn_v by_o another_o general_a council_n and_o never_o confirm_v by_o other_o than_o provincial_a synod_n who_o act_n may_v be_v annul_v and_o decree_v abolish_v by_o the_o single_a authority_n of_o any_o particular_a church_n and_o certain_o if_o what_o most_o of_o our_o adversary_n pretend_v the_o tradition_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o present_a universal_a church_n be_v the_o only_a certain_a method_n of_o know_v the_o opinion_n and_o doctrine_n of_o all_o precedent_a age_n the_o lawfulness_n and_o convenience_n of_o the_o clergy_n marriage_n must_v have_v be_v the_o belief_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n since_o all_o the_o eastern_a church_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n not_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o reform_a church_n in_o the_o west_n do_v at_o this_o day_n permit_v the_o use_n of_o marriage_n to_o the_o clergy_n and_o maintain_v the_o impositioâ—…_n of_o celibacy_n to_o be_v unlawful_a which_o also_o be_v no_o small_a prejudice_n to_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n if_o there_o be_v any_o truth_n or_o solidity_n in_o that_o grand_a argument_n of_o our_o adversary_n that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o two_o dissent_v church_n when_o the_o one_o open_o condemn_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o other_o and_o receive_v not_o the_o same_o severe_a sentence_n from_o her_o adversary_n truth_n and_o justice_n must_v necessary_o lie_v on_o that_o side_n for_o however_o the_o greek_a church_n have_v always_o condemn_v as_o impious_a and_o unjust_a the_o imposition_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o latin_a church_n the_o latin_n never_o dare_v to_o return_v the_o same_o sentence_n upon_o the_o permission_n of_o marriage_n to_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o greek_a church_n rather_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n have_v be_v allow_v and_o ratify_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n for_o to_o omit_v the_o great_a late_a an_o council_n under_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o wherein_o our_o adversary_n confess_v that_o permission_n of_o marriage_n be_v continue_v to_o the_o greek_a priest_n thus_o pope_n nicolas_n the_o first_o answer_v to_o the_o inquiry_n of_o the_o bulgarian_n 540._o you_o ask_v whether_o you_o ought_v to_o maintain_v and_o honour_v a_o priest_n have_v a_o wife_n or_o to_o remove_v he_o from_o you_o to_o which_o we_o answer_v that_o although_o they_o be_v very_o unblamable_a you_o ought_v not_o to_o cast_v they_o off_o and_o bellarmine_n 21._o acknowledge_v that_o although_o the_o roman_a church_n approve_v not_o herein_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n and_o judge_v it_o to_o be_v a_o abuse_n yet_o she_o permit_v it_o to_o the_o greek_n so_o that_o if_o they_o have_v no_o other_o error_n a_o peace_n may_v easy_o be_v accord_v between_o the_o two_o church_n iv._o the_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n in_o the_o imposition_n of_o celibacy_n be_v various_a and_o divers_a and_o consequent_o neither_o celibacy_n itself_o
first_o create_v whereas_o have_v he_o prescribe_v a_o perpetual_a continence_n to_o all_o those_o who_o aim_v a_o perfection_n as_o be_v pretend_v without_o alter_v their_o nature_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o by_o a_o extraordinary_a miracle_n indue_a all_n who_o desire_v it_o with_o the_o gift_n of_o continence_n this_o alone_a will_v have_v debase_v the_o excellency_n of_o his_o religion_n and_o have_v be_v a_o imposition_n more_o grievous_a and_o burdensome_a more_o difficult_a and_o intolerable_a than_o all_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o mosaic_a law._n and_o then_o in_o respect_n of_o we_o it_o become_v the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o our_o supreme_a lawgiver_n to_o give_v we_o a_o religion_n not_o as_o to_o angel_n or_o spiritual_a being_n but_o in_o a_o way_n most_o consentaneous_a to_o our_o nature_n and_o and_o agree_v to_o our_o imperfection_n that_o can_v neither_o refine_v nor_o perfect_v our_o nature_n which_o be_v preternatural_a and_o if_o in_o this_o mortal_a state_n while_o enchain_v in_o a_o body_n surround_v with_o frailty_n and_o endue_v with_o passion_n we_o affect_v the_o impassibility_n of_o angel_n and_o the_o perfection_n of_o spirit_n we_o may_v be_v call_v ambitious_a but_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o pious_a but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o the_o apostle_n not_o only_o forbid_v not_o but_o even_o express_o permit_v marriage_n to_o the_o clergy_n for_o lay_v down_o the_o necessary_a qualification_n of_o a_o bishop_n the_o high_a and_o most_o perfect_a degree_n of_o the_o clergy_n he_o propose_v this_o as_o as_o one_o that_o 4._o he_o be_v blameless_a the_o husband_n of_o one_o wife_n one_o that_o rule_v well_o his_o own_o house_n have_v his_o child_n in_o subjection_n with_o all_o gravity_n of_o a_o priest_n that_o 6._o he_o be_v blameless_a the_o husband_n of_o one_o wife_n have_v faithful_a child_n of_o a_o deacon_n that_o 12._o he_o be_v the_o husband_n of_o one_o wife_n rule_v his_o child_n and_o his_o own_o house_n well_o and_o further_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o no_o small_a mark_n and_o testimony_n of_o the_o ability_n and_o worthiness_n of_o the_o candidate_n of_o any_o of_o these_o sacred_a office_n if_o they_o have_v rule_v their_o own_o house_n well_o and_o by_o their_o precept_n and_o example_n teach_v their_o wife_n and_o child_n the_o practice_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o in_o another_o place_n 2._o to_o avoid_v fornication_n allow_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o wife_n make_v no_o exception_n that_o be_v a_o lamentable_a refuge_n of_o some_o who_o seek_v to_o elude_v the_o force_n of_o the_o former_a place_n by_o pretend_v that_o the_o apostle_n mean_v here_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o who_o have_v be_v the_o husband_n of_o one_o wife_n but_o be_v not_o now_o be_v become_v a_o widower_n or_o at_o least_o unable_a for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o bed._n for_o beside_o that_o the_o 2._o apostle_n give_v rule_n for_o the_o virtuous_a carriage_n of_o deacon_n wife_n beside_o that_o this_o interpretation_n be_v uncertain_a which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o our_o purpose_n that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o the_o vulgar_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n husband_n that_o it_o seem_v repugnant_a to_o the_o follow_a precept_n of_o rule_v their_o house_n well_o and_o be_v certain_o repugnant_a to_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o father_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n do_v manifest_o evince_v the_o falseness_n of_o it_o wherein_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v many_o person_n be_v admit_v to_o sacred_a order_n who_o have_v wife_n then_o alive_a and_o dwell_v with_o they_o and_o in_o the_o apostolical_a constitution_n the_o apostle_n be_v introduce_v thus_o speak_v 17._o we_o have_v order_v that_o a_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n be_v the_o husband_n of_o one_o wife_n whether_o their_o wife_n be_v alive_a or_o whether_o they_o be_v dead_a to_o pass_v by_o therefore_o this_o unreasonable_a interpretation_n there_o be_v three_o other_o explication_n of_o this_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o of_o they_o back_v with_o great_a reason_n and_o authority_n first_o that_o the_o apostle_n mean_v no_o more_o thereby_o than_o that_o the_o person_n admit_v into_o holy_a order_n shall_v not_o have_v two_o wife_n at_o the_o same_o time_n second_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v successive_o two_o wife_n much_o less_o three_o or_o four_o one_o after_o the_o death_n of_o another_o three_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v two_o wife_n live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o marry_v after_o the_o divorce_n of_o another_o the_o first_o interpretation_n be_v general_o follow_v by_o the_o greek_a the_o second_o by_o the_o latin_a father_n although_o tit._n st._n chrysostom_n espouse_v both_o and_o jovin_n st._n hierom_n in_o so_o many_o several_a place_n admit_v all_o three_o which_o of_o they_o be_v the_o true_a be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n to_o the_o present_a business_n since_o each_o of_o they_o destroy_v the_o opinion_n of_o our_o adversary_n and_o leave_v to_o the_o clergy_n a_o liberty_n of_o marriage_n however_o because_o the_o second_o interpretation_n if_o admit_v may_v in_o some_o measure_n prejudice_v that_o principle_n which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o lay_v down_o that_o all_o can_v contain_v and_o that_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v provide_v no_o other_o remedy_n for_o incontinent_a person_n than_o marriage_n which_o consequent_o must_v be_v reiterated_a as_o often_o as_o necessity_n shall_v require_v i_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o to_o it_o and_o oppose_v first_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n of_o all_o the_o greek_a father_n second_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o whole_a catholic_n church_n who_o admit_v bigamist_n bishop_n and_o priest_n or_o those_o who_o have_v marry_v one_o wife_n after_o the_o death_n of_o another_o and_o that_o in_o great_a number_n as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o occasional_o demonstrate_v so_o that_o if_o the_o apostle_n have_v forbid_v all_o such_o to_o be_v admit_v into_o these_o sacred_a office_n the_o universal_a church_n have_v err_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o the_o great_a moment_n three_o the_o three_o interpretation_n seem_v far_o more_o consonant_a to_o reason_n the_o analogy_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o circumstance_n of_o those_o time_n for_o that_o ought_v not_o to_o exclude_v any_o man_n from_o this_o sacred_a dignity_n which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o crime_n that_o in_o many_o case_n it_o become_v necessary_a and_o if_o marriage_n be_v allow_v to_o all_o man_n to_o avoid_v fornication_n if_o any_o man_n wife_n die_v before_o either_o his_o year_n or_o the_o peculiar_a favour_n of_o god_n have_v reprieve_v he_o from_o the_o temptation_n of_o incontinence_n that_o man_n although_o a_o priest_n or_o bishop_n may_v withouthe_n least_o injury_n to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o piety_n or_o religion_n contract_v a_o second_o marriage_n bigamy_n in_o he_o as_o 3._o theodoret_n invincible_o argue_v will_v become_v involuntary_a and_o conseqnent_o not_o derogate_v from_o his_o character_n either_o of_o priest_n or_o christian._n beside_o it_o be_v a_o abuse_n very_o frequent_a in_o that_o age_n both_o among_o the_o jew_n and_o gentile_n to_o divorce_v their_o wife_n upon_o the_o slight_a occasion_n or_o the_o least_o discontent_n a_o abuse_n which_o argue_v in_o all_o a_o inconstant_a and_o unjust_a and_o in_o many_o a_o lustful_a mind_n and_o therefore_o although_o commit_v before_o their_o conversion_n render_v such_o person_n unworthy_a of_o this_o sacred_a character_n this_o interpretation_n therefore_o be_v embrace_v by_o theodoret_n who_o after_o he_o have_v affirm_v the_o same_o opinion_n to_o be_v maintain_v by_o many_o other_o and_o assert_v it_o by_o many_o reason_n conclude_v thus_o 14._o they_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v in_o the_o right_n who_o hold_v that_o the_o apostle_n here_o teach_v he_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o episcopal_a ordination_n who_o live_v chaste_o with_o one_o only_a wife_n for_o he_o have_v not_o herein_o reject_v second_o marriage_n which_o he_o have_v in_o many_o case_n even_o command_v to_o be_v contract_v consider_v then_o these_o and_o such_o like_a argument_n i_o receive_v the_o interpretation_n of_o these_o writer_n st._n chrysostom_n also_o in_o tit._n one_o place_n explain_v it_o the_o same_o way_n and_o st._n hierom_n when_o free_v from_o the_o passion_n of_o dispute_v against_o jovinian_a incline_v to_o the_o same_o opinion_n for_o propose_v 245_o the_o example_n of_o two_o bishop_n whereof_o the_o one_o shall_v have_v lose_v his_o wife_n in_o his_o youth_n and_o overcome_v by_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o flesh_n shall_v marry_v another_o bury_v she_o after_o some_o time_n and_o ever_o after_o contain_v the_o other_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o company_n of_o but_o one_o wife_n even_o till_o his_o death_n he_o determine_v the_o former_a to_o be_v the_o better_a more_o chaste_a and_o
clergy_n he_o command_v priest_n and_o deacon_n for_o subdeacons_n he_o mention_n not_o who_o abstain_v not_o from_o their_o wife_n in_o obedience_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o siricius_n to_o be_v depose_v except_o perhaps_o they_o have_v be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o constitution_n for_o in_o that_o case_n he_o will_v only_o have_v they_o oblige_v to_o continence_n for_o the_o future_a that_o these_o and_o indeed_o all_o the_o first_o twenty_o six_o epistle_n of_o this_o pope_n be_v spurious_a many_o learned_a man_n have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v with_o many_o argument_n but_o i_o will_v not_o insist_v on_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o he_o make_v such_o a_o decree_n celibacy_n be_v then_o fit_v to_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o age_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n after_o innocent_a pope_n leo_n i._o carry_v on_o the_o design_n yet_o further_o and_o in_o a_o epistle_n 4._o to_o anastasius_n bishop_n of_o thessalonica_n forbid_v the_o use_n of_o marriage_n to_o subdeacons_n also_o thereby_o perfect_v the_o system_fw-la of_o celibacy_n at_o this_o day_n use_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o same_o constitution_n he_o reinforce_v in_o a_o epistle_n presbyteris_fw-la to_o rusticus_n bishop_n of_o narbon_n prescribe_v the_o same_o law_n of_o continence_n to_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o altar_n viz._n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n as_o to_o bishop_n and_o priest_n these_o be_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o râ—…me_n which_o be_v oâ—…t-times_n renew_v and_o sometime_o relax_v by_o the_o follow_a pope_n as_o for_o the_o western_a council_n of_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a age_n they_o be_v all_o provincial_n and_o pretend_v to_o no_o authority_n out_o of_o their_o own_o province_n the_o council_n of_o orange_n be_v the_o first_o which_o ever_o impose_v total_a abstinence_n upon_o the_o clergy_n it_o be_v a_o convention_n of_o no_o more_o than_o seventeen_o bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 441._o who_o then_o make_v this_o canon_n 23._o if_o any_o one_o after_o he_o have_v receive_v deacon_n order_n be_v find_v incontinent_a with_o his_o wife_n let_v he_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o office._n provide_v in_o the_o follow_a canon_n that_o this_o punishment_n extend_v not_o to_o those_o who_o have_v retain_v the_o use_n of_o their_o wife_n before_o this_o canon_n be_v make_v whence_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o total_a abstinence_n be_v not_o yet_o enjoin_v to_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o gallican_n church_n by_o any_o public_a authority_n and_o that_o the_o decree_n of_o pope_n innocent_a direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rouen_n and_o tholouse_n as_o act_v out_o of_o his_o own_o patriarchat_n have_v not_o be_v receive_v the_o second_o council_n of_o arles_n in_o the_o year_n 452._o come_v next_o which_o in_o the_o second_o canon_n forbid_v any_o marry_a man_n to_o be_v ordain_v priest_n who_o do_v not_o vow_n continence_n in_o the_o forty_o three_o canon_n extend_v the_o same_o to_o deacon_n in_o the_o forty_o four_o canon_n forbid_v to_o deacon_n the_o use_n of_o marriage_n in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o council_n of_o orange_n in_o the_o three_o canon_n forbid_v bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n to_o keep_v their_o wife_n with_o they_o in_o the_o same_o house_n unless_o they_o also_o have_v vow_v continence_n upon_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n this_o punishment_n be_v think_v too_o great_a and_o be_v therefore_o moderate_v by_o the_o first_o council_n of_o tours_n a._n d._n 461._o who_o enjoin_v 1._o total_a abstinence_n from_o their_o wife_n to_o priest_n and_o deacon_n enact_v 2._o withal_o that_o if_o any_o priest_n or_o deacon_n use_v the_o company_n of_o his_o wife_n he_o be_v not_o excommunicate_v but_o only_o reduce_v to_o lay-communion_n in_o the_o year_n 506._o the_o council_n of_o agatha_n receive_v 9_o and_o confirm_v the_o constitution_n of_o siricius_n and_o innocent_n about_o the_o continence_n of_o priest_n and_o deacon_n and_o further_o enjoin_v 16_o that_o their_o wife_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o dwell_v with_o they_o although_o they_o also_o promise_v continence_n 517._o in_o the_o year_n 531._o the_o second_o council_n of_o toledo_n decree_v 1._o that_o those_o who_o from_o their_o childhood_n be_v by_o their_o parent_n dedicate_v to_o the_o holy_a office_n and_o be_v to_o that_o end_n bring_v up_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o church_n shall_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o eighteen_o be_v ask_v public_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o church_n whether_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o oblige_v themselves_o never_o to_o marry_v if_o they_o be_v than_o they_o may_v be_v ordain_v subdeacons_n and_o gradual_o arise_v to_o the_o high_a office_n of_o the_o church_n if_o not_o than_o they_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o marry_v and_o whensoever_o both_o marry_a party_n shall_v promise_v continence_n the_o husband_n shall_v be_v receive_v into_o order_n here_o be_v the_o first_o mention_n of_o a_o vow_n of_o continence_n exact_v of_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v ordain_v that_o can_v be_v find_v in_o ecclesiastical_a history_n and_o here_o also_o it_o be_v first_o forbid_v to_o subdeacons_n to_z marry_v wife_n after_o their_o ordination_n for_o this_o concern_v not_o those_o subdeacons_n who_o marry_v before_o ordination_n whereas_o in_o all_o the_o precedent_a council_n it_o be_v leave_v free_a to_o subdeacons_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o other_o inferior_a order_n to_o enjoy_v their_o wife_n marry_v either_o before_o or_o after_o their_o ordination_n to_o that_o office._n the_o council_n of_o clermont_n anno_fw-la 535._o complain_v 13._o that_o many_o priest_n and_o deacon_n notwithstanding_o the_o prohibition_n of_o the_o church_n have_v use_v the_o company_n of_o their_o wife_n and_o beget_v child_n of_o they_o command_v all_o such_o to_o be_v degrade_v from_o their_o office._n the_o four_o council_n of_o orleans_n in_o the_o year_n 541._o order_v 17._o that_o priest_n and_o deacon_n shall_v not_o be_v permit_v to_o dwell_v with_o their_o wife_n upon_o pain_n of_o deposition_n thereby_o to_o take_v away_o ever_o all_o suspicion_n of_o forbid_a commerce_n the_o three_o council_n of_o orleans_n have_v before_o in_o the_o year_n 538._o forbid_v 2._o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n not_o only_o to_o priest_n and_o deacon_n but_o also_o to_o subdeacons_n the_o five_o council_n of_o orleans_n 549._o command_v ordinis_fw-la all_o clergyman_n of_o whatsoever_o dignity_n or_o order_n who_o return_v to_o the_o embrace_n of_o their_o wife_n after_o ordination_n to_o be_v for_o ever_o degrade_v and_o reduce_v to_o lay-communion_n the_o council_n of_o auxerre_n in_o the_o year_n 578._o enjoin_v 21_o priest_n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n upon_o pain_n of_o deprivation_n not_o to_o accompany_v with_o their_o wife_n call_z that_o a_o carnal_a sin._n the_o first_o council_n of_o mascon_n in_o the_o year_n 581._o repeat_v 11._o and_o renew_v the_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o clermont_n the_o three_o council_n of_o lion_n in_o the_o year_n 583._o forbid_v 1._o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n to_o bishop_n priest_n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n and_o the_o cohabitation_n of_o their_o wife_n to_o the_o three_o first_o order_n in_o a_o french_a council_n about_o the_o year_n 620._o all_o marriage_n and_o cohabitation_n of_o woman_n be_v forbid_v 1656._o to_o priest_n and_o deacon_n in_o the_o four_o council_n of_o toledo_n anno_fw-la 633._o it_o be_v order_v 27._o that_o priest_n and_o deacon_n shall_v promise_v continence_n before_o their_o bishop_n when_o they_o be_v induct_v into_o their_o live_n and_o preferment_n the_o eight_o council_n of_o toledo_n in_o the_o year_n 653._o lament_n 6._o the_o obstinacy_n of_o many_o priest_n and_o deacon_n retain_v their_o wife_n and_o even_o marry_v after_o ordination_n against_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n and_o severe_o forbid_v it_o for_o the_o future_a in_o the_o year_n 868._o the_o council_n of_o worm_n command_v 9_o bishop_n priest_n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n to_o abstain_v from_o their_o wife_n upon_o pain_n of_o deprivation_n many_o other_o council_n between_o the_o year_n 600_o and_o a_o 1000_o forbid_v the_o cohabitation_n of_o all_o woman_n and_o consequent_o also_o of_o wife_n to_o the_o clergy_n and_o many_o other_o permit_v only_a mother_n sister_n and_o aunt_n to_o dwell_v with_o the_o clergy_n reject_v all_o other_o woman_n under_o the_o name_n of_o extraneae_fw-la wherein_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v mistake_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o three_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a last_o some_o council_n proceed_v so_o far_o as_o to_o inhibit_v to_o the_o clergy_n the_o cohabitation_n of_o all_o woman_n whatsoever_o even_o mother_n sister_n aunt_n and_o the_o near_a relation_n permit_v by_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a thus_o do_v the_o council_n of_o mentz_n 10._o in_o the_o year_n 888._o observe_v that_o some_o priest_n have_v commit_v incest_n with_o their_o own_o sister_n see_v
the_o effect_n of_o enforce_a celibacy_n and_o the_o council_n of_o metz_n 5._o in_o the_o same_o year_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n the_o next_o year_n riculfus_n bishop_n of_o soissons_fw-fr publish_v his_o constitution_n 416._o wherein_o 14._o he_o not_o only_o renew_v the_o canon_n of_o these_o two_o last_o council_n but_o also_o forbid_v the_o clergy_n to_o talk_v with_o woman_n in_o private_a or_o even_o speak_v to_o they_o without_o some_o witness_n stand_v by_o these_o be_v the_o progress_n and_o gradation_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o western_a church_n from_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a to_o the_o time_n of_o hildebrand_n propose_v it_o be_v by_o some_o doctor_n of_o great_a authority_n enforce_v by_o pope_n and_o enjoin_v by_o council_n yet_o can_v not_o all_o these_o authority_n effectual_o recommend_v to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o clergy_n a_o doctrine_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o first_o notion_n of_o reason_n and_o common_a inclination_n of_o mankind_n the_o frequent_a and_o continual_a repetition_n and_o renew_n of_o decree_n and_o canon_n to_o the_o establishment_n of_o it_o argue_v the_o universal_a opposition_n which_o it_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o world_n every_o late_a decree_n manifest_v that_o the_o former_a be_v unsuccessful_a and_o indeed_o most_o of_o these_o constitution_n be_v usher_v in_o with_o a_o preface_n of_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o retain_v their_o wife_n against_o the_o express_a prohibition_n of_o the_o church_n all_o the_o aforementioned_a council_n be_v provincial_a and_o pope_n have_v not_o yet_o claim_v the_o government_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n so_o that_o all_o these_o decree_n affect_v not_o the_o eastern_a church_n at_o all_o nor_o those_o part_n even_o of_o the_o western_a church_n which_o be_v neither_o subject_n to_o the_o roman_a patriarchat_n nor_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o particular_a council_n and_o even_o in_o those_o church_n which_o be_v then_o subject_a to_o either_o of_o they_o the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n be_v never_o universal_o receive_v and_o obey_v and_o at_o last_o so_o far_o neglect_v and_o grow_v obsolete_a that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o age_n marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v as_o free_o use_v and_o as_o general_o practise_v in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o western_a church_n as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o reform_a church_n this_o i_o come_v next_o to_o prove_v where_o i_o may_v just_o have_v omit_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o eastern_a church_n if_o our_o adversary_n do_v not_o pretend_v a_o universal_a practice_n of_o celibacy_n in_o the_o eastern_a as_o well_o as_o western_a church_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o quinisext_a council_n the_o refutation_n of_o this_o pretence_n will_v necessitate_v we_o to_o speak_v in_o general_a of_o the_o practice_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o ancient_a universal_a church_n in_o the_o â—…ase_n of_o celibacy_n and_o first_o to_o take_v away_o all_o prejudice_n which_o may_v possess_v the_o reader_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a at_o least_o improbable_a that_o a_o custom_n persuade_v by_o many_o doctor_n command_v by_o pope_n and_o council_n successive_o in_o several_a age_n and_o which_o divers_a of_o the_o father_n affirm_v to_o have_v be_v universal_o practise_v in_o their_o time_n shall_v never_o be_v general_o use_v by_o the_o clergy_n i_o will_v produce_v a_o example_n of_o a_o matter_n of_o discipline_n of_o far_o less_o moment_n which_o be_v urge_v and_o enjoin_v with_o great_a advantage_n and_o authority_n and_o the_o universal_a practice_n of_o it_o attest_v by_o more_o writer_n which_o yet_o after_o all_o never_o general_o obtain_v in_o the_o church_n and_o be_v indeed_o disuse_v in_o all_o age_n i_o mean_v the_o case_n of_o bigamist_n who_o by_o a_o early_a custom_n of_o the_o church_n begin_v before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o century_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o clergy_n this_o exclusion_n be_v command_v by_o the_o apostolic_a canon_n 16._o by_o the_o apostolic_a constitution_n 17._o by_o st._n basil_n canonical_a epistle_n 12._o to_o amphilochius_n by_o the_o council_n of_o valence_n 1._o agatha_n 1._o four_o of_o arles_n 3._o three_o of_o constantinople_n 3._o of_o rome_n 2._o under_o pope_n hilarus_n of_o aquisgran_n 9_o and_o infinite_a other_o by_o the_o pope_n siricius_n 1._o innocent_n 5._o leo_n 1_o gelasius_n 22._o and_o gregory_z 25._o tertullian_n 7._o say_v the_o ordination_n of_o bigamist_n be_v forbid_v by_o apostolical_a tradition_n and_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n origen_n luc._n affirm_v that_o in_o his_o time_n bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n can_v not_o be_v bigamist_n st._n ambrose_n assert_v vercell_n this_o prohibition_n to_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a pope_n innocent_a 2._o say_v no_o question_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v of_o it_o it_o be_v manifest_o of_o divine_a institution_n pope_n leo_n 4._o that_o this_o precept_n be_v ever_o hold_v sacred_a and_o 1._o that_o nâ—…ither_o law_n nor_o gospel_n will_v permit_v such_o to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o clergy_n epiphanius_n 4._o in_o truth_n the_o holy_a command_n of_o god_n after_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n receive_v not_o into_o the_o clergy_n those_o who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o first_o wife_n contract_v a_o second_o marriage_n st._n hierom_n 1._o a_o bigamist_n can_v be_v choose_v into_o the_o clergy_n and_o monog_n a_o layman_n be_v not_o choose_v into_o the_o clergy_n if_o he_o be_v a_o bigamist_n st._n augustin_n 18._o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o ordain_v any_o but_o the_o husband_n of_o one_o wife_n hilary_n the_o deacon_n 12._o no_o bigamist_n be_v ordain_v and_o by_o all_o the_o same_o authority_n he_o who_o have_v keep_v a_o concubine_n be_v make_v uncapable_a of_o the_o clergy_n after_o so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a authority_n the_o common_a tradition_n of_o both_o church_n command_v of_o general_n council_n and_o belief_n of_o divine_a institution_n all_o which_o advantage_n the_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n want_v who_o can_v imagine_v any_o otherwise_o than_o that_o this_o point_n of_o discipline_n be_v â—…niversally_o receive_v and_o practise_v without_o exception_n or_o limitation_n yet_o nothing_o less_o textullian_n object_n this_o to_o the_o catholic_n as_o a_o main_a argument_n of_o his_o separation_n and_o departure_n to_o the_o montanist_n that_o they_o admit_v bigamist_n even_o to_o the_o episcopal_a dignity_n among_o you_o say_v he_o 12._o how_o many_o bigamists_n preside_v and_o when_o theodoret_n ordain_v count_n irenaeus_n a_o bigamist_n then_o in_o disfavour_n at_o court_n bishop_n of_o tyre_n and_o his_o enemy_n lay_v hold_v of_o that_o pretence_n to_o accuse_v he_o of_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o canon_n he_o defend_v domnum_fw-la himself_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o phoenicia_n who_o give_v their_o suffrage_n to_o the_o ordination_n by_o the_o example_n and_o tradition_n of_o his_o predecessor_n by_o the_o example_n of_o alexander_n patriarch_n of_o antioch_n and_o praylius_fw-la of_o jerusalem_n who_o have_v ordain_v bishop_n diogenes_n and_o domninus_n both_o digamist_n that_o he_o follow_v herein_o custom_n and_o famous_a man_n celebrate_v for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o piety_n and_o that_o proclus_n patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n the_o metropolitan_o of_o pontus_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o palestine_n have_v not_o only_o allow_v but_o also_o commend_v this_o ordination_n and_o not_o the_o least_o doubt_v make_v of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o last_o st._n augustin_n be_v ordain_v bishop_n of_o hippo_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o africa_n who_o have_v far_o exceed_v 15._o the_o suppose_a scandal_n of_o digamy_n by_o a_o open_a cohabitation_n of_o two_o concubine_n successive_o and_o which_o deserve_v the_o first_o place_n st._n hierom_n answer_v the_o doubt_n of_o oceanus_n whether_o carterius_n a_o digamist_n be_v canonical_o ordain_v bishop_n sai_z ocean_n i_o wonder_v you_o produce_v the_o example_n of_o no_o more_o than_o one_o whenas_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v full_a of_o these_o ordination_n i_o speak_v not_o of_o priest_n nor_o of_o the_o inferior_a order_n i_o come_v to_o bishop_n who_o if_o i_o shall_v name_v single_o so_o great_a a_o number_n will_v arise_v that_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o synod_n of_o ariminum_n the_o most_o numerous_a council_n which_o have_v be_v then_o hold_v will_v be_v exceed_v that_o the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n be_v no_o less_o disobey_v and_o all_o the_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o the_o universal_a practice_n of_o it_o be_v no_o less_o wide_a mistake_n i_o come_v next_o to_o prove_v and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o eastern_a church_n st._n athanasius_n not_o long_o after_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a write_v to_o dracontius_n a_o holy_a monk_n rebuke_n he_o for_o decline_v the_o episcopal_a office_n and_o refute_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o refusal_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o
be_v that_o in_o the_o episcopal_a dignity_n he_o can_v not_o live_v so_o retire_o as_o he_o desire_v but_o must_v be_v force_v to_o lead_v a_o secular_a kind_n of_o life_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o athanasius_n show_v he_o that_o as_o to_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v perform_v in_o the_o one_o state_n which_o may_v not_o in_o the_o other_o and_o that_o when_o a_o bishop_n he_o may_v as_o well_o use_v the_o retiredness_n of_o a_o monk_n as_o many_o monk_n do_v the_o usual_a freedom_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o produce_v this_o instance_n fin_n for_o many_o bishop_n have_v not_o marriâ—…d_v at_o all_o and_o many_o monk_n have_v be_v father_n of_o child_n as_o we_o have_v know_v bishop_n father_n of_o child_n and_o monk_n have_v no_o posterity_n for_o both_o be_v alike_o lawful_a to_o each_o order_n neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v forbid_v to_o they_o a_o more_o express_a passage_n than_o this_o can_v be_v conceive_v where_o he_o affirm_v many_o bishop_n to_o have_v get_v child_n after_o their_o consecration_n and_o by_o the_o instance_n insinuate_v that_o this_o be_v very_o usual_a with_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o time_n that_o this_o procreation_n of_o child_n be_v perform_v by_o they_o while_o bishop_n not_o before_o be_v most_o evident_a since_o otherwise_o the_o instance_n of_o athanasius_n will_v have_v be_v high_o impertinent_a for_o dracontius_n in_o decline_v the_o episcopal_a dignity_n do_v not_o dread_v the_o life_n of_o bishop_n before_o they_o be_v make_v bishop_n that_o be_v the_o state_n wherein_o himself_o then_o be_v and_o desire_v to_o continue_v but_o the_o suppose_a encumbrance_n of_o a_o bishop_n life_n after_o he_o be_v make_v bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 357._o the_o emperor_n constantius_n make_v a_o law_n 14._o that_o all_o clergyman_n shall_v enjoy_v this_o privilege_n that_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o servant_n of_o both_o sex_n and_o their_o child_n also_o that_o be_v the_o whole_a family_n of_o clergyman_n shall_v be_v always_o exempt_a tribute_n and_o all_o public_a burden_n there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o other_o law_n in_o the_o theodosian_a code_n make_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n of_o the_o clergy_n which_o it_o be_v not_o here_o necessary_a to_o repeat_v about_o the_o year_n 375._o some_o superstitious_a christian_n have_v conceive_v so_o great_a a_o veneration_n of_o celibacy_n that_o they_o despise_v the_o marry_a clergy_n and_o will_v rather_o defer_v baptism_n for_o many_o year_n together_o than_o be_v baptize_v by_o bishop_n and_o priest_n who_o abstain_v not_o from_o their_o wife_n these_o st._n gregory_n nazianzen_n sharp_o rebuke_n say_v not_o say_v he_o 25._o a_o bishop_n shall_v baptize_v i_o or_o if_o a_o presbyter_n at_o least_o one_o of_o those_o who_o be_v unmarried_a and_o one_o of_o those_o that_o profess_v continence_n and_o thereby_o imitate_v the_o life_n of_o angel_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o many_o presbyter_n abstain_v not_o from_o their_o wife_n for_o this_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o those_o foolish_a christian_n scrupilosity_n suppose_v some_o impurity_n to_o be_v in_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n have_v the_o marry_a priest_n renounce_v the_o company_n of_o their_o wife_n they_o have_v be_v no_o less_o continent_n than_o the_o unmarried_a one_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o simple_o their_o marriage_n but_o their_o use_n of_o it_o which_o those_o person_n dislike_v about_o the_o same_o time_n epiphanius_n write_v his_o panarium_n wherein_o oppose_v the_o chastity_n and_o continence_n of_o the_o catholic_n clergy_n to_o the_o heretic_n call_v apostolici_fw-la say_v that_o continence_n even_o from_o their_o own_o wife_n be_v universal_o observe_v by_o they_o but_o then_o be_v force_v to_o qualify_v his_o boast_n with_o this_o clause_n 4._o this_o be_v do_v chief_o where_o the_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n or_o rather_o custom_n for_o no_o such_o canon_n be_v yet_o make_v be_v accurate_a but_o you_o will_v certain_o say_v to_o i_o that_o in_o some_o place_n priest_n deacon_n and_o subdeacons_n do_v yet_o beget_v child_n this_o be_v do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o canon_n or_o rule_n of_o ut_fw-la most_o perfection_n but_o by_o the_o negligence_n of_o man_n increase_v with_o time_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o clergy_n there_o be_v not_o find_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o continent_n person_n here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o voluntary_a continence_n be_v not_o introduce_v in_o some_o place_n that_o where_o it_o be_v introduce_v it_o obtain_v not_o universal_o which_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o word_n chief_o and_o last_o that_o even_o there_o it_o be_v a_o novel_a introduction_n for_o speak_v of_o those_o clergy_n who_o do_v not_o abstain_v he_o say_v they_o yet_o beget_v child_n but_o after_o all_o we_o be_v not_o to_o rely_v much_o upon_o his_o testimony_n even_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o fact._n the_o good_a man_n who_o be_v far_o from_o a_o accurate_a writer_n seem_v to_o have_v take_v his_o measure_n whole_o from_o his_o native_a country_n of_o palestine_n wherein_o he_o be_v very_o much_o conversant_a even_o after_o he_o be_v bishop_n which_o province_n be_v at_o that_o time_n â—…illed_v with_o monk_n and_o monkish_a clergy_n who_o flock_v thither_o out_o of_o reverence_n to_o the_o holy_a place_n the_o author_n indeed_o of_o the_o homily_n upon_o job_n among_o st._n chrysostom_n work_n testify_v fin_n that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o use_n of_o marriage_n be_v forbid_v to_o bishop_n and_o therefore_o bellarmin_n fail_v not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o his_o authority_n but_o first_o this_o concern_v not_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o then_o these_o homily_n belong_v not_o to_o st._n chrysostom_n in_o the_o judgement_n both_o of_o fronto_n ducaeus_n and_o sir_n h._n savil_n but_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v write_v after_o the_o quinisext_a council_n when_o continence_n be_v first_o impose_v upon_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o greek_a church_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o five_o age_n socrates_n the_o historian_n write_v who_o observe_v it_o as_o a_o peculiar_a custom_n of_o thessalia_n macedonia_n and_o achaia_n that_o the_o clergy_n there_o abstain_v from_o their_o wife_n therein_o dissent_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n say_v indeed_o that_o many_o abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o east_n but_o that_o 22._o all_o who_o do_v this_o do_v it_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n even_o bishop_n do_v it_o only_o voluntary_o not_o necessitate_v to_o it_o by_o any_o canon_n for_o many_o of_o they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o bishopric_n have_v beget_v child_n of_o their_o lawful_a wife_n so_o plain_a a_o passage_n need_v no_o comment_n in_o a_o few_o age_n this_o voluntary_a abstinence_n of_o bishop_n become_v universal_a in_o most_o province_n of_o the_o east_n although_o the_o bishop_n of_o africa_n libya_n and_o some_o other_o place_n retain_v as_o former_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n therefore_o in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o seven_o age_n the_o quinisext_a council_n take_v advantage_n from_o this_o voluntary_a abstinence_n to_o impose_v a_o necessary_a abstinence_n 12._o upon_o all_o bishop_n and_o oblige_v the_o bishop_n of_o africa_n herein_o to_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o general_a custom_n they_o inflict_v no_o censure_n upon_o the_o african_a bishop_n for_o retain_v the_o company_n of_o their_o wife_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o blame_v they_o but_o rather_o term_v they_o 〈◊〉_d most_o religious_a bishop_n and_o profess_v they_o impose_v abstinence_n upon_o they_o only_o 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o better_a edification_n of_o the_o people_n till_o that_o council_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o east_n free_o enjoy_v the_o use_n of_o marriag_n this_o we_o have_v prove_v by_o the_o precede_a testimony_n and_o may_v be_v further_o evince_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o balsamon_n the_o great_a canonist_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n who_o word_n be_v these_o apost_n before_o the_o six_o synod_n hold_v in_o trullo_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o bishop_n to_o have_v wife_n even_o after_o their_o consecration_n as_o well_o as_o priest_n and_o deacon_n who_o be_v ordain_v after_o marriage_n so_o that_o eutychius_n 1._o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n be_v gross_o mistake_v when_o he_o terminate_v the_o marriage_n of_o bishop_n at_o the_o time_n of_o â—…he_a council_n of_o nice_a if_o he_o do_v not_o rather_o mean_v that_o till_o than_o they_o all_o retain_v their_o wife_n but_o after_o that_o time_n they_o begin_v a_o voluntary_a abstinence_n which_o sense_n indeed_o his_o word_n do_v more_o natural_o import_v as_o for_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n that_o be_v so_o common_o use_v at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o eastern_a church_n that_o in_o armenia_n they_o have_v take_v up_o a_o custom_n of_o admit_v none_o
into_o the_o clergy_n but_o the_o son_n of_o the_o clergy_n this_o be_v indeed_o a_o great_a abuse_n and_o worthy_a of_o redress_n which_o be_v therefore_o abolish_v by_o the_o quinisext_a council_n 33._o as_o come_v too_o near_o to_o jewish_a superstition_n from_o general_a testimony_n i_o pass_v to_o particular_a instance_n and_o example_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o eastern_a clergy_n after_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a in_o that_o council_n be_v present_a spyridon_n bishop_n of_o trymithus_fw-la in_o cyprus_n celebrate_v by_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n for_o his_o holiness_n miracle_n and_o gift_n of_o prophecy_n of_o he_o sozomen_n say_v 11._o he_o have_v wife_n and_o child_n and_o yet_o be_v not_o thereby_o in_o the_o least_o hinder_v or_o render_v less_o fit_a and_o successful_a in_o the_o administration_n of_o holy_a thing_n this_o note_n plain_o intimate_v that_o he_o use_v the_o company_n of_o his_o wife_n while_o bishop_n otherwise_o the_o observation_n will_v have_v be_v trifle_v since_o a_o marry_a bishop_n not_o use_v his_o marriage_n be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o a_o unmarried_a one_o present_o after_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a gregory_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o nazianzum_fw-la he_o have_v marry_v a_o wife_n a_o little_a before_o by_o who_o mean_n he_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o catholic_n faith_n and_o who_o live_v with_o he_o to_o a_o extreme_a old_a age_n for_o they_o be_v both_o present_a at_o the_o funeral_n of_o their_o son_n caesarius_n when_o gregory_n have_v be_v now_o bishop_n forty_o year_n he_o have_v by_o she_o after_o he_o be_v make_v bishop_n two_o son_n gregory_n nazianzen_n and_o caesarius_n and_o most_o probable_o one_o daughter_n for_o nazianzen_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v old_a than_o his_o sister_n but_o most_o certain_o be_v many_o year_n old_a than_o his_o brother_n caesarius_n yet_o that_o himself_o be_v bear_v after_o his_o father_n be_v make_v bishop_n he_o assure_v we_o in_o his_o life_n where_o he_o introduce_v his_o father_n thus_o speak_v to_o he_o init_fw-la you_o have_v not_o yet_o run_v through_o so_o many_o year_n of_o your_o life_n as_o i_o have_v year_n of_o my_o pastoral_a charge_n baronius_n 371._o affirm_v this_o to_o have_v be_v speak_v hyperbolical_o that_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n be_v then_o forbid_v to_o bishop_n by_o the_o canon_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n and_o these_o canon_n most_o religious_o observe_v both_o in_o the_o east_n and_o west_n that_o it_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v from_o argument_n of_o chronology_n nazianzen_n be_v bear_v before_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a when_o his_o father_n be_v not_o yet_o baptise_a the_o first_o argument_n be_v already_o confute_v by_o the_o precedent_a testimony_n the_o second_o arise_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o nazianzen_n be_v thirty_o year_n old_a when_o st._n basil_n part_v from_o athens_n that_o basil_n study_v at_o athens_n with_o julian_n who_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n 15._o be_v come_v thither_o in_o the_o year_n 354._o and_o that_o consequent_o nazianzen_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o year_n 324._o the_o year_n before_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a this_o chronology_n of_o baronius_n jac._n capellus_n 3._o say_v he_o have_v refute_v in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o church_n i_o have_v not_o that_o book_n now_o by_o i_o and_o therefore_o not_o know_v whether_o he_o have_v make_v good_a his_o promise_n must_v offer_v some_o consideration_n to_o the_o reader_n in_o opposition_n to_o baronius_n his_o argument_n first_o then_o uncertain_a argument_n of_o chronology_n form_v at_o this_o distance_n of_o time_n ought_v not_o to_o invalidate_v the_o clear_a testimony_n of_o nazianzen_n who_o best_o know_v when_o himself_o be_v bear_v second_o nazianzen_n say_v not_o he_o be_v thirty_o year_n old_a when_o julian_n come_v to_o athens_n but_o when_o basil_n part_v thence_o now_o basil_n not_o only_a might_n but_o most_o probable_o do_v stay_v several_a year_n at_o athens_n not_o only_o after_o the_o arrival_n but_o even_o after_o the_o departure_n of_o julian_n at_o least_o most_o certain_o he_o depart_v not_o before_o julian_n who_o leave_v athens_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 355._o for_o st._n basil_n tell_v 208._o julian_n that_o they_o have_v learn_v together_o at_o athens_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d theology_n and_o all_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o literature_n and_o thorough_o search_v the_o holy_a scripture_n this_o be_v a_o labour_n of_o more_o than_o a_o few_o month_n and_o therefore_o basil_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v leave_v athens_n before_o julian_n who_o stay_v there_o but_o little_o more_o than_o a_o year_n three_o 〈◊〉_d nazianzen_n say_v not_o he_o be_v thirty_o year_n old_a when_o basil_n leave_v athens_n but_o almost_o thirty_o and_o that_o in_o a_o poetic_a work_n where_o be_v not_o able_a to_o express_v the_o just_a time_n of_o his_o age_n he_o be_v force_v to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o round_a number_n which_o may_v admit_v a_o latitude_n of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o his_o father_n be_v make_v bishop_n present_o after_o the_o council_n as_o himself_o assure_v patrem_fw-la we_o so_o that_o even_a argument_n of_o chronology_n make_v it_o probable_a nazianzen_n be_v bear_v after_o his_o father_n ordination_n to_o which_o his_o own_o testimony_n be_v add_v make_v it_o most_o certain_a and_o then_o his_o brother_n caesarius_n be_v so_o much_o young_a than_o himself_o that_o in_o his_o funeral_n oration_n upon_o he_o he_o frequent_o call_v he_o a_o young_a man_n and_o often_o lament_v his_o untimely_a death_n although_o his_o father_n have_v be_v then_o bishop_n above_o forty_o year_n in_o the_o year_n 362._o basilius_n presbyter_n of_o ancyra_n and_o eupsychius_n of_o caesaria_n in_o cappadocia_n 11._o who_o have_v new_o marry_v a_o wife_n and_o be_v yet_o as_o it_o be_v a_o bridegroom_n suffer_v martyrdom_n it_o appear_v not_o direct_o from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o historian_n whether_o the_o late_a be_v of_o the_o clergy_n but_o the_o word_n of_o athanasius_n will_v put_v it_o past_o all_o doubt_n who_o number_v 121._o the_o writer_n of_o this_o time_n which_o oppose_v arianism_n mention_n eupsychius_n bishop_n of_o cappadocia_n of_o which_o caesaria_n be_v the_o metropolis_n if_o he_o mean_v the_o same_o eupsychius_n which_o be_v not_o improbable_a however_o if_o this_o be_v uncertain_a most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o st._n gregory_n bishop_n of_o nyssa_n be_v marry_v and_o live_v with_o his_o wife_n theosebia_n till_o her_o death_n this_o nicephorus_n 19_o testify_v say_v that_o when_o he_o be_v bishop_n he_o retain_v the_o society_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o who_o authority_n be_v far_o great_a than_o nicephorus_n nyssen'_n intimate_v friend_n nazianzen_n who_o write_v to_o nyssen_n a_o consolatory_a letter_n 〈◊〉_d upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o wife_n sai_z she_o have_v always_o live_v with_o he_o aâ—…d_v mutual_o share_v with_o he_o all_o the_o comfort_n of_o life_n and_o call_v she_o true_o holy_a the_o worthy_a wife_n and_o companion_n of_o a_o bishop_n i_o will_v produce_v but_o one_o example_n more_o but_o that_o so_o pregnant_a and_o express_a that_o it_o may_v alone_o teach_v we_o what_o be_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n in_o that_o age._n about_o the_o year_n 410._o synesius_n be_v for_o the_o repute_n of_o his_o great_a learning_n choose_a bishop_n of_o ptolemais_n in_o egypt_n he_o be_v then_o marry_v and_o have_v a_o wife_n who_o he_o profess_v to_o love_v passionate_o it_o seem_v the_o voluntary_a abstinence_n from_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n which_o some_o bishop_n of_o the_o east_n have_v undergo_v be_v become_v a_o universal_a custom_n among_o the_o bishop_n of_o egypt_n so_o that_o the_o people_n expect_v that_o a_o marry_a man_n promote_v to_o the_o episcopal_a dignity_n shall_v renounce_v the_o pleasure_n of_o marriage_n and_o there_o be_v a_o particular_a reason_n why_o this_o custom_n shall_v general_o obtain_v in_o egypt_n rather_o than_o in_o any_o other_o province_n of_o the_o east_n egypt_n be_v then_o the_o great_a school_n and_o nursery_n of_o monastic_a discipline_n which_o have_v probable_o at_o that_o time_n more_o monk_n reside_v in_o it_o than_o the_o whole_a world_n beside_o the_o bishop_n of_o egypt_n be_v almost_o all_o take_v out_o of_o these_o monk_n and_o consequent_o so_o great_a a_o veneration_n for_o celibacy_n possess_v the_o egyptian_n that_o those_o few_o marry_a bishop_n which_o be_v among_o they_o can_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n conserve_v the_o reverence_n and_o esteem_n which_o be_v due_a to_o their_o character_n than_o by_o a_o voluntary_a renunciation_n of_o their_o marriage_n synesius_n therefore_o that_o he_o may_v not_o deceive_v the_o expectation_n of_o the_o people_n and_o willing_a to_o decline_v the_o burden_n profess_v
they_o maintain_v the_o open_a use_n of_o it_o to_o be_v a_o great_a sin_n than_o fornication_n and_o then_o huldericus_n plain_o intimate_v that_o celibacy_n be_v never_o yet_o introduce_v into_o the_o church_n of_o germany_n for_o he_o allow_v that_o those_o who_o have_v make_v a_o vow_n of_o continence_n aught_o in_o no_o case_n to_o violate_v it_o but_o may_v be_v even_o force_v to_o perform_v it_o but_o plead_v that_o the_o clergy_n have_v make_v no_o such_o vow_n bellarmine_n to_o avoid_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o epistle_n maintain_v 22._o it_o be_v spurious_a and_o endeavour_n to_o confirm_v his_o pretence_n from_o chronology_n and_o to_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o huldericus_n bishop_n of_o augspurg_n contemporary_a with_o pope_n nicholas_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o of_o that_o name_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_v who_o be_v create_v bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 924._o or_o 903._o and_o die_v in_o the_o eighty_o three_o year_n of_o his_o age_n and_o fifty_o of_o his_o episcopacy_n and_o that_o there_o be_v two_o hulderici_n bishop_n of_o augspurg_n be_v a_o mere_a invention_n of_o the_o magdeburg_n centuriator_n to_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o bellarmin_n do_v no_o less_o gratis_o deny_v than_o the_o centuriator_n do_v affirm_v the_o existence_n of_o two_o hulderici_n and_o in_o that_o case_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o manuscript_n copies_n be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v we_o beside_o this_o be_v no_o obscure_a write_v find_v out_o and_o obtrude_v on_o the_o world_n since_o the_o reformation_n it_o be_v famous_a and_o note_v more_o than_o six_o hundred_o year_n since_o for_o bertoldus_n of_o constance_n in_o his_o continuation_n of_o hermannus_n contractus_fw-la relate_v 1670._o that_o gregory_n vii_o in_o a_o synod_n hold_v at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1079._o condemn_v the_o epistle_n of_o st._n udalricus_n to_o pope_n nicholas_n about_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o aeneas_n silvius_n 1053._o own_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n when_o relate_v his_o journey_n through_o germany_n we_o pass_v through_o augspurg_n say_v he_o st._n udalricus_n be_v bishop_n of_o this_o city_n who_o oppose_v the_o pope_n in_o case_n of_o the_o clergy_n concubine_n for_o so_o they_o call_v the_o wife_n of_o the_o clergy_n after_o the_o day_n of_o hildebrand_n last_o that_o there_o be_v a_o huldericus_n bishop_n of_o augspurg_n contemporary_a to_o pope_n nicholas_n may_v be_v prove_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o jacobus_n de_fw-fr voragine_fw-la who_o say_v 1496._o st._n udalricus_n die_v after_o many_o miracle_n in_o the_o year_n 900._o the_o eighty_o three_o of_o his_o age_n and_o fifty_o of_o his_o consecration_n by_o which_o computation_n huldericus_n both_o precede_v and_o survive_v the_o popedom_n of_o nicholas_n thus_o we_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n be_v never_o universal_o receive_v in_o the_o ancient_a western_a church_n in_o some_o province_n even_o not_o impose_v and_o in_o none_o practise_v the_o matter_n will_v be_v far_o clear_v by_o particular_a example_n of_o marry_a clergyman_n the_o marriage_n of_o restitutus_n bishop_n of_o london_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o four_o age_n be_v attest_v by_o three_o accurate_a and_o learned_a writer_n of_o our_o british_a antiquity_n bale_n 5._o bishop_n godwin_n 227._o and_o sir_n h._n spelman_n 43._o in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o age_n st._n hilary_n bishop_n of_o poitiers_n be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v marry_v for_o to_o omit_v the_o epistle_n to_o his_o daughter_n abra_n which_o i_o deny_v not_o to_o be_v spurious_a this_o be_v evince_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o venantius_n fortunatus_n his_o successor_n who_o write_v his_o life_n 13_o and_o therein_o relate_v that_o hilary_n have_v a_o wife_n and_o a_o daughter_n live_v when_o he_o be_v promote_v to_o the_o episcopal_a order_n which_o both_o continue_a to_o cohabit_v with_o he_o that_o when_o he_o be_v banish_v by_o constantius_n into_o asia_n he_o leave_v his_o daughter_n abra_n together_o with_o her_o mother_n at_o poitiers_n that_o return_v from_o banishment_n he_o persuade_v she_o to_o devote_v herself_o to_o god_n and_o profess_v perpetual_a virginity_n which_o when_o the_o mother_n see_v she_o never_o cease_v to_o solicit_v her_o husband_n till_o he_o give_v she_o leave_v also_o to_o dedicate_v herself_o to_o god_n and_o make_v a_o vow_n of_o continence_n a_o passage_n which_o most_o evident_o demonstrate_v that_o she_o have_v hitherto_o enjoy_v the_o company_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o all_o the_o pleasure_n of_o a_o chaste_a marriage_n and_o have_v not_o vow_v continence_n at_o his_o assumption_n to_o the_o episcopal_a order_n s._n paulinus_n bishop_n of_o nola_n come_v next_o who_o example_n be_v most_o remarkable_a as_o well_o because_o he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o sincere_o pious_a man_n of_o all_o antiquity_n who_o st._n martin_n 26._o be_v wont_a to_o propose_v as_o the_o pattern_n of_o all_o perfection_n as_o because_o he_o be_v make_v bishop_n in_o the_o roman_a patriarchate_n not_o long_o after_o the_o promulgation_n of_o siricius_n his_o constitution_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v persecute_v by_o that_o pope_n mere_o for_o retain_v the_o company_n of_o his_o wife_n in_o opposition_n to_o his_o decree_n he_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o great_a family_n of_o rome_n have_v bear_v the_o consulship_n and_o be_v in_o all_o respect_n the_o second_o person_n of_o the_o empire_n when_o quit_v all_o secular_a honour_n in_o the_o year_n 393._o he_o be_v ordain_v priest_n at_o barcetona_n in_o spain_n his_o wife_n therasia_n then_o live_v with_o he_o the_o inseparable_a companion_n of_o all_o his_o travel_n and_o his_o whole_a life_n paulinus_n be_v then_o in_o the_o 40th_o year_n of_o his_o age_n and_o she_o somewhat_o young_a yet_o do_v they_o continue_v to_o live_v together_o in_o the_o same_o house_n and_o in_o the_o same_o cell_n till_o separate_v by_o death_n after_o some_o stay_n there_o paulinus_n return_v with_o his_o wife_n to_o rome_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v with_o infinite_a applause_n by_o the_o common_a people_n but_o with_o great_a rudeness_n by_o pope_n siricius_n who_o pride_n and_o churlishness_n paulinus_n 10._o himself_o complain_v of_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o deportment_n of_o siricius_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o prejudice_n which_o he_o fear_v his_o constitution_n of_o the_o continence_n of_o priest_n and_o deacon_n may_v suffer_v from_o the_o cohabitation_n of_o paulinus_n with_o his_o wife_n the_o example_n of_o a_o person_n so_o illustrious_a and_o so_o high_o repute_v for_o sanctity_n be_v alone_o sufficient_a to_o restore_v marriage_n to_o its_o due_a esteem_n retire_v thence_o to_o nola_n in_o campania_n he_o be_v not_o long_o after_o make_v bishop_n of_o that_o place_n that_o his_o wife_n live_v with_o he_o in_o the_o same_o little_a cell_n even_o after_o his_o consecration_n sacchinus_fw-la init_fw-la confess_v and_o indeed_o be_v most_o evident_a st._n ambrose_n sabin_n speak_v of_o paulinus_n retirement_n at_o nola_n say_v his_o wife_n accompany_v he_o and_o content_v there_o with_o the_o voluntary_a poverty_n of_o her_o husband_n comfort_v herself_o with_o the_o riches_n of_o piety_n and_o charity_n many_o of_o his_o epistle_n write_v from_o nola_n be_v direct_v in_o both_o their_o name_n have_v this_o inscription_n 46._o paulinus_n &_o therasia_n peccatores_fw-la and_o almost_o all_o be_v dictate_v in_o the_o plural_a number_n st._n augustin_n and_o st._n hierom_n in_o their_o epistle_n to_o paulinus_n write_v after_o his_o assumption_n to_o the_o episcopal_a office_n for_o their_o acquaintance_n begin_v late_o never_o fail_v to_o salute_v his_o wife_n therasia_n and_o st._n augustin_n 34._o invite_v they_o both_o together_o into_o africa_n and_o gregory_n turonensis_n 107._o relate_v a_o memorable_a passage_n of_o they_o that_o when_o dwell_v together_o in_o their_o little_a cottage_n at_o nola_n therasia_n once_o hinder_v the_o prodigal_a charity_n of_o her_o husband_n by_o overmuch_a frugality_n diminish_v the_o blessing_n of_o heaven_n to_o they_o both_o that_o he_o make_v any_o vow_n of_o continence_n from_o his_o wife_n at_o his_o ordination_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v rather_o st._n hierom_n plain_o intimate_v the_o contrary_a that_o he_o deny_v not_o himself_o the_o pleasure_n of_o marriage_n at_o least_o be_v not_o repute_v to_o do_v it_o when_o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o he_o he_o doubt_v whether_o although_o equal_v the_o perfection_n and_o piety_n of_o a_o monastic_a life_n he_o may_v proper_o call_v he_o a_o monk_n paulinum_n because_o he_o be_v yoke_v with_o the_o bond_n of_o marriage_n and_o thereby_o be_v hinder_v from_o practise_v the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o a_o monastic_a profession_n among_o paulinus_n his_o epistle_n there_o be_v two_o 31._o direct_v to_o aper_n a_o presbyter_n and_o amanda_n his_o wife_n who_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n renounce_v the_o honour_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o
they_o and_o ofttimes_o voluntary_o spill_v the_o consecrate_a blood_n upon_o the_o ground_n in_o germany_n as_o nauclerus_fw-la 37._o relate_v upon_o the_o prohibition_n of_o hear_v the_o mass_n of_o marry_a priest_n the_o laity_n be_v force_v to_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n themselves_o and_o baptize_v their_o own_o child_n this_o scandal_n arise_v much_o high_o in_o england_n where_o when_o the_o same_o prohibition_n be_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o anselm_n enact_v in_o a_o national_a synod_n all_o divine_a service_n be_v for_o want_v of_o unmarried_a priest_n general_o discontinue_v in_o parochial_a church_n and_o the_o church-door_n overgrow_v with_o thorn_n as_o for_o the_o scandalous_a incontinence_n and_o uncleanness_n of_o the_o clergy_n that_o be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v admire_v be_v the_o natural_a effect_n of_o impose_v celibacy_n but_o it_o may_v be_v just_o wonder_v that_o while_o the_o pope_n engage_v with_o so_o much_o violence_n against_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n they_o willing_o overlook_v and_o connive_v at_o their_o fornication_n and_o prodigious_a impurity_n of_o life_n this_o petrus_n damiani_n ii_o himself_o assure_v we_o and_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o his_o time_n severe_o to_o exact_v other_o point_n of_o ecclesiastical_a discipline_n but_o to_o connive_v at_o and_o dispense_v with_o the_o lust_n of_o the_o clergy_n which_o be_v then_o become_v so_o brutal_a and_o notorious_a that_o he_o write_v a_o book_n entitle_v gomorrhaeus_fw-la particular_o upon_o that_o subject_n this_o alone_a may_v justify_v what_o we_o before_o observe_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n impose_v celibacy_n upon_o the_o clergy_n not_o for_o increase_v of_o piety_n or_o advancemenâ—…_n of_o purity_n but_o only_o for_o temporal_a end_n and_o secular_a advantage_n however_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n want_v not_o defendeâ—…s_n in_o this_o age_n to_o maintain_v its_o right_n against_o the_o calumny_n and_o tyranny_n of_o its_o adversary_n the_o decree_n of_o the_o pope_n be_v condemn_v by_o some_o council_n universal_o oppose_v by_o the_o clergy_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o gain_v not_o success_n till_o a_o long_a and_o sharp_a contention_n in_o the_o year_n 1061._o the_o bishop_n of_o lombardy_n by_o the_o instigation_n of_o guibert_n henric._n bishop_n of_o parma_n meet_v in_o a_o council_n at_o basil_n wherein_o they_o annul_v the_o decree_n of_o pope_n nicolas_n and_o decreâ—…d_n that_o no_o pope_n shall_v be_v obey_v who_o will_v not_o 〈◊〉_d and_o yield_v to_o their_o infirmity_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o clergy_n of_o laon_n be_v urge_v by_o petrus_n damiani_n cunipertum_fw-la to_o put_v away_o their_o wife_n produce_v in_o their_o defence_n a_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o tribur_n which_o permit_v the_o use_n of_o marriage_n to_o the_o clergy_n several_a council_n be_v heâ—…l_o at_o tâ—…ibur_n in_o this_o age_n of_o who_o act_n we_o have_v little_a or_o no_o account_n leave_v and_o therefore_o can_v 〈◊〉_d the_o time_n of_o this_o council_n the_o synod_n of_o 〈◊〉_d we_o shall_v mention_v afterward_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n in_o the_o year_n 1080._o gregory_n the_o seven_o be_v condemn_v and_o depose_v in_o the_o council_n of_o brixia_n as_o well_o for_o other_o crime_n as_o because_o hâ—…_n have_v â—…_n divorâ—…es_v between_o marry_a person_n to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o the_o historian_n chron._n or_o have_v violent_o separate_v the_o marry_a clergy_n from_o their_o wife_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v the_o council_n of_o beneventum_n hold_v eleven_o year_n after_o by_o urban_n the_o second_o which_o permit_v marriage_n to_o subdeacons_n as_o we_o before_o observe_v and_o the_o great_a lateran_n council_n under_o innoâ—…ent_a the_o three_o of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o if_o many_o bishop_n dislike_v annul_v and_o miâ—…igated_v the_o papal_a decree_n of_o celibacy_n with_o much_o morâ—…_n violence_n although_o with_o less_o authority_n do_v the_o inferior_a cleâ—…gy_n oppose_v this_o unjust_a imposition_n particular_o 〈◊〉_d hildebrand_n publish_v his_o decree_n the_o historian_n say_v 1074._o the_o clâ—…rgy_n be_v in_o a_o rage_n cry_v out_o the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v plain_o a_o heretic_n and_o maintainer_n of_o mad_a opinion_n who_o forget_v those_o word_n of_o christ_n all_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tâ—…is_n and_o â—…e_v that_o can_v contain_v let_v he_o marry_v will_v by_o a_o violent_a exaction_n compel_v man_n to_o live_v the_o life_n of_o angel_n and_o while_o he_o stop_v the_o wont_a course_n of_o nature_n let_v loose_v the_o reins_o to_o a_o promisâ—…uous_a lust._n 〈◊〉_d the_o learned_a monk_n of_o gemblacâ—…_n write_v to_o henry_n archdeacon_n of_o liege_n a_o peculiar_a tâ—…eatise_n or_o apology_n against_o those_o who_o sâ—…andered_v or_o condemn_v the_o mass_n of_o marry_a priest_n as_o himself_o fine_a tell_v we_o which_o be_v now_o lose_v the_o same_o author_n in_o another_o place_n giveâ—…h_v 1074._o this_o judgement_n of_o the_o decree_n of_o pope_n gregory_n that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o a_o unheard-of_a example_n and_o inconsiderate_a prejudice_n against_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o holy_a father_n matthew_n paris_n 1074._o use_v the_o same_o word_n in_o germany_n the_o clergy_n oppose_v the_o papal_a decree_n with_o great_a courage_n and_o animosity_n reject_v the_o persuasion_n of_o their_o bishop_n want_v little_a of_o tear_v in_o piece_n the_o pope_n legate_n who_o propose_v to_o they_o the_o imposition_n of_o celibacy_n and_o when_o at_o last_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o their_o adversary_n force_v to_o submit_v choose_v rather_o to_o quit_v their_o office_n than_o their_o wife_n in_o france_n the_o clergy_n of_o laon_n reject_v the_o solicitation_n of_o petruâ—…_n damiaâ—…i_n of_o england_n we_o shall_v speak_v more_o large_o afterward_o in_o italy_n damiaâ—…us_n be_v send_v to_o milan_n by_o nicolas_n the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n 1059._o to_o subject_n that_o see_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o clergy_n to_o the_o yoke_n of_o celibacy_n can_v effect_v neither_o without_o great_a commotion_n for_o as_o himself_o write_v back_o to_o the_o pope_n the_o people_n and_o clergy_n contend_v with_o great_a heat_n that_o the_o ambrosian_a see_v owe_v no_o obedience_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o celibacy_n be_v unjust_a and_o intolerable_a mr._n fox_n in_o his_o english_a martyrology_n 466._o have_v publish_v two_o ancient_a latin_a apology_n for_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n under_o the_o name_n of_o volusianus_n bishop_n of_o carthage_n both_o direct_v to_o pope_n nicolas_n the_o first_o which_o be_v short_a be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o epistle_n of_o huldericus_n before_o mention_v which_o have_v be_v often_o publish_v the_o second_o be_v far_o long_o be_v never_o elsewhere_o publish_v and_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o remonstrance_n or_o apology_n of_o all_o the_o marry_a clergy_n of_o the_o western_a church_n offer_v to_o pope_n nicolas_n the_o second_o and_o the_o other_o bishop_n of_o the_o church_n who_o endeavour_v to_o impose_v celibacy_n present_o after_o the_o roman_a synod_n in_o the_o year_n 1059._o which_o forbid_v the_o laity_n to_o hear_v mass_n from_o the_o marry_a clergy_n the_o author_n of_o it_o write_v far_o more_o elegant_o and_o argue_v more_o strong_o than_o huldericus_n and_o indeed_o abate_v some_o allegorical_a interpretation_n of_o scripture_n the_o peculiar_a genius_n of_o those_o age_n it_o may_v be_v account_v a_o rational_a and_o exact_a treatise_n the_o sum_n of_o it_o be_v this_o that_o continence_n be_v the_o peculiar_a gift_n of_o god_n not_o bestow_v upon_o all_o which_o therefore_o can_v be_v command_v that_o no_o vow_n or_o gift_n be_v grateful_a to_o god_n but_o what_o be_v voluntary_a not_o compel_v that_o it_o savour_v of_o judaisme_n to_o impose_v such_o burden_n upon_o man_n under_o the_o gospel_n that_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o church_n be_v not_o invest_v with_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n nor_o can_v lay_v such_o grievous_a imposition_n on_o the_o clergy_n against_o their_o will._n that_o this_o yoke_n be_v impose_v for_o vain_a ostentation_n and_o worldly_a end_n that_o although_o many_o of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v awe_v by_o force_n authority_n threat_n or_o anathema_n to_o submit_v to_o this_o imposition_n yet_o they_o unwilling_o undergo_v the_o burden_n of_o celibacy_n and_o hate_v the_o cross_n lay_v upon_o they_o because_o they_o bear_v it_o rather_o to_o their_o destruction_n than_o salvation_n that_o from_o the_o imposition_n of_o celibacy_n great_a inconvenience_n arise_v sodomy_n adultery_n fornication_n incest_n and_o other_o horrid_a lusts._n that_o marriage_n be_v the_o only_a remedy_n assign_v by_o god_n to_o incontinent_a person_n which_o they_o who_o contemn_v and_o affect_v a_o great_a show_n of_o perfection_n common_o fall_v into_o precipice_n that_o the_o apostle_n command_v that_o to_o avoid_v fornication_n every_o man_n