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the_o peer_n only_o to_o parliament_n and_o of_o those_o how_o many_o or_o who_o they_o please_v as_o it_o appear_v ancient_o they_o do_v it_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n to_o put_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o council-table_n and_o a_o parliament_n or_o between_o a_o proclamation_n and_o a_o statute_n not_o but_o that_o i_o own_o in_o old_a time_n there_o be_v a_o distinction_n between_o the_o king_n special_a or_o privy_a council_n and_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o yet_o his_o special_a council_n do_v sit_v with_o the_o peer_n in_o parliament_n and_o be_v as_o part_v thereof_o and_o be_v of_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a authority_n there_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o recite_v as_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n i._n where_o it_o be_v say_v these_o be_v the_o act_n of_o edward_n make_v at_o his_o i._o parliament_n by_o his_o council_n the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n 13_o ed._n 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dissolve_v of_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v a_o power_n of_o great_a trust_n it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o prince_n hand_n by_o writ_n to_o convocate_v as_o also_o to_o prorogue_v or_o dissolve_v such_o meeting_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n some_o prince_n not_o care_v much_o to_o have_v their_o government_n look_v into_o or_o to_o have_v any_o power_n in_o be_v but_o their_o own_o take_v advantage_n of_o this_o power_n of_o assemble_v these_o estate_n do_v more_o seldom_o then_o need_v require_v make_v use_n of_o it_o whereupon_o provision_n be_v make_v and_o a_o time_n set_v by_o new_a statute_n within_o which_o a_o assembly_n of_o parliament_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v now_o when_o you_o have_v make_v these_o true_a supposition_n in_o your_o mind_n you_o have_v the_o very_a model_n and_o history_n of_o this_o monarchy_n and_o we_o shall_v easy_o find_v what_o to_o answer_v to_o the_o argument_n before_o produce_v on_o either_o side_n for_o first_o it_o be_v his_o 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citizen_n of_o london_n be_v the_o assensu_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la pardon_v all_o homicide_n 29._o the_o very_a like_o word_n be_v also_o use_v in_o the_o same_o roll_n in_o the_o act_n of_o pardon_n grant_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n i_o shall_v trouble_v you_o but_o with_o one_o more_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n but_o it_o be_v so_o remarkable_a i_o can_v omit_v it_o of_o the_o 34_o the_o of_o this_o king_n and_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o old_a edition_n of_o statute_n print_v in_o french_a the_o title_n begin_v thus_o ceux_fw-fr sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queux_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr prelate_n signior_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la ount_n ordain_v &_o establéâ—s_v to_o conclude_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o the_o like_a expression_n be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 5_o the_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o where_o the_o statute_n begin_v 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word_n communitas_fw-la which_o i_o grant_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la in_o french_a though_o put_v after_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n do_v not_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o general_a but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o or_o at_o least_o the_o community_n of_o all_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o but_o for_o proof_n of_o thiâ—_n i_o pray_v peruâ—e_v this_o writ_n which_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n rex_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la 1._o abbatibus_fw-la priotibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliâ—s_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la cantiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quâ—d_fw-la cum_fw-la pâ—â—mo_fw-la die_v junii_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la decimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o caeteri_fw-la magnâ—tes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la concorditer_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la se_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la nostro_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesse_n unt_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la solidos_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la in_o dicto_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la mariâ—andam_fw-la etc._n etc._n cujus_fw-la quidem_fw-la auxilii_fw-la levationi_fw-la faciendae_fw-la pro_fw-la dictae_fw-la communitatis_fw-la aisimento_fw-la hucusque_fw-la supersedimus_fw-la gratioâ—è_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o this_o record_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o such_o as_o pâ—id_v scutage_n that_o be_v forty_o shilling_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o the_o tota_fw-la regni_fw-la communitas_fw-la and_o no_o other_o and_o of_o these_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v and_o pay_v it_o first_o for_o themselves_o and_o tenant_n and_o then_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n precept_n pay_v it_o to_o they_o again_o for_o so_o many_o fee_n as_o they_o hold_v of_o they_o so_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v raise_v whole_o upon_o knight_n fee_n must_v be_v grant_v only_o by_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o further_a that_o the_o communalte_n de_fw-fr royaume_n the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v still_o so_o continue_v as_o above_o mention_v till_o almost_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o reign_n be_v as_o clear_o prove_v by_o this_o record_n of_o that_o king_n rex_fw-la dilectis_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la â—uis_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la wygorniae_fw-la â—homae_fw-la bâ—ttâ—ler_fw-fr de_fw-fr upton_n supeâ—â—abrinam_fw-la 37._o militi_fw-la &_o thomae_fw-la cassy_n de_fw-fr wych_n salutem_fw-la â—â—â—atis_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la nostro_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la lunae_fw-la proximo_fw-la post_fw-la vestum_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la virgin_n proximo_fw-la praeteritum_fw-la tento_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o magnates_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n pâ—o_fw-la se_fw-la &_o to_o a_o communita_fw-la e_fw-la ejaâ—dem_fw-la regni_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesseâ—unt_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la solidos_fw-la de_fw-la singulâ—s_fw-la â—eodiâ—_n militum_fw-la in_o diâ—â—â—_n regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o england_n in_o this_o record_n be_v military_a man_n such_o as_o hold_v knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n and_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n and_o they_o be_v neither_o the_o ordinary_a freeman_n or_o freeholders_n nor_o the_o multitude_n nor_o rabble_n f._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o argument_n from_o these_o record_n as_o you_o â—ut_v they_o lest_o i_o forget_v what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o to_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o relate_v to_o a_o tax_n give_v in_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o recite_v a_o aid_n of_o 40_o s._n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v give_v by_o the_o bishop_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o magnates_n or_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o full_a parliament_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n thereof_o to_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n and_o which_o subsidy_n he_o have_v defer_v to_o levy_v till_o now_o and_o therefore_o because_o this_o be_v a_o tax_n grant_v only_o upon_o knight_n fee_n that_o those_o only_o who_o pay_v this_o scutage_n be_v then_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v no_o argument_n at_o all_o since_o from_o this_o we_o may_v plain_o collect_v the_o clean_a contrary_n for_o if_o none_o have_v be_v to_o pay_v to_o this_o tax_n but_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o the_o king_n will_v have_v have_v no_o need_n to_o have_v have_v it_o grant_v in_o parliament_n since_o by_o the_o 14_o article_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o knight_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o elder_a daughter_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n and_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v to_o prove_v it_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v also_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n have_v make_v their_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n have_v contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n which_o yet_o you_o see_v they_o can_v not_o do_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o this_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n must_v needs_o extend_v to_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o do_v not_o for_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v as_o in_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o then_o the_o word_n pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o â—ota_fw-la
the_o spare_v their_o pain_n and_o expense_n to_o have_v a_o colloquy_n and_o treatise_n with_o some_o of_o the_o same_o member_n and_o therefore_o name_v the_o very_a person_n who_o he_o command_v shall_v appear_v before_o he_o at_o winchester_n to_o inform_v he_o and_o his_o council_n of_o the_o best_a manner_n and_o form_n whereby_o the_o say_a tax_n may_v be_v soon_o and_o most_o convenient_o levy_v according_a to_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o say_v grant_n so_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a from_o the_o writ_n itself_o than_o that_o this_o assembly_n be_v no_o parliament_n the_o proper_a business_n of_o which_o be_v always_o to_o make_v law_n give_v money_n or_o reâ—ress_v grievance_n none_o of_o which_o â—ut_v it_o be_v apparent_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o meeting_n to_o which_o these_o that_o be_v summon_v do_v not_o appear_v as_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n their_o power_n be_v expire_v at_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o parliament_n but_o only_a 〈◊〉_d so_o many_o particular_a private_a man_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o interest_n in_o the_o country_n the_o king_n suppose_v can_v best_o inform_v he_o in_o the_o business_n above_o mention_v but_o that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n there_o be_v several_a council_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o though_o no_o parliament_n as_o have_v but_o one_o knight_n one_o citizen_n and_o one_o burgess_n and_o only_o make_v temporary_a constitution_n concern_v trade_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o less_o moment_n which_o be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n for_o a_o time_n till_o they_o can_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o next_o parliament_n appear_v by_o the_o ordinance_n or_o statute_n of_o the_o staple_n above_o mention_v and_o of_o these_o mr._n pryn_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n of_o writ_n give_v we_o divers_a precedent_n 215._o which_o he_o right_o so_o that_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v now_o fair_o run_v through_o and_o examine_v all_o the_o precedent_n which_o you_o or_o your_o doctor_n have_v be_v able_a to_o urge_v in_o this_o great_a question_n and_o i_o think_v if_o you_o be_v aâ—_n candid_a and_o ingenuous_a as_o i_o take_v you_o to_o be_v you_o will_v not_o assert_v that_o any_o of_o they_o do_v amount_v to_o a_o proof_n either_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v never_o summon_v from_o the_o â—9th_n of_o henry_n iii_o to_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o or_o that_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n he_o there_o produce_v be_v to_o a_o parliament_n and_o not_o to_o a_o great_a council_n or_o that_o the_o king_n ever_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o appoint_v what_o number_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v come_v to_o parliament_n or_o can_v nominate_v who_o they_o shall_v be_v or_o can_v discharge_v who_o he_o please_v from_o serve_v as_o member_n therein_o all_o which_o your_o doctor_n i_o think_v with_o great_a confidence_n than_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o ancient_a writ_n and_o record_n of_o parliament_n have_v undertake_v to_o assert_v i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o trouble_v you_o so_o long_o on_o these_o head_n since_o the_o length_n as_o well_o as_o diversity_n of_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v can_v not_o be_v answer_v in_o less_o compass_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v give_v pretty_a plausible_a answer_n to_o most_o of_o the_o authority_n and_o record_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v yet_o i_o can_v assent_v so_o far_o as_o to_o come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n without_o a_o long_a consideration_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o answer_v you_o have_v now_o give_v i_o to_o the_o doctor_n authority_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n you_o will_v oblige_v i_o if_o you_o can_v give_v i_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v always_o a_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o by_o what_o i_o have_v read_v out_o of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n that_o there_o be_v no_o express_a mention_n make_v of_o they_o by_o name_n in_o any_o historian_n or_o record_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n i._o and_o as_o for_o those_o argument_n mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o to_o the_o contrary_a methinks_v the_o doctor_n have_v give_v satisfactory_a answer_n to_o they_o f._n i_o think_v i_o have_v make_v it_o clear_a enough_o that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o wittena_n gâ—â—ote_n or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n before_o your_o pretend_a conquest_n and_o if_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o that_o right_n by_o the_o norman_n entrance_n which_o you_o have_v not_o yet_o prove_v i_o think_v we_o may_v very_o well_o conclude_v that_o thing_n continue_v in_o the_o same_o state_n as_o to_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n as_o well_o after_o your_o conquest_n as_o they_o do_v before_o nor_o have_v you_o as_o i_o see_v prove_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o contrary_n since_o you_o confess_v that_o as_o much_o a_o conqueror_n as_o king_n william_n be_v yet_o he_o alter_v nothing_o in_o those_o fundamental_a constitution_n the_o most_o that_o you_o pretend_v he_o do_v be_v only_o in_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v the_o legislator_n from_o english_a to_o french_a man_n or_o norman_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o new_a argument_n to_o confirm_v this_o truth_n since_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n claim_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n of_o have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n if_o you_o nor_o your_o doctor_n nor_o none_o of_o those_o who_o he_o follow_v can_v prove_v by_o sufficient_a authority_n when_o this_o begin_v than_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o ought_v if_o you_o be_v of_o the_o jury_n in_o thâ—s_n matter_n to_o find_v for_o the_o tenant_n in_o possession_n since_o that_o together_o with_o a_o constant_a usage_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v as_o well_o by_o your_o civil_a as_o our_o common_a law_n a_o sufficient_a title_n to_o any_o estate_n yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v that_o the_o doctor_n have_v noâ—_n give_v such_o satisfactory_a answer_n as_o you_o imagine_v to_o most_o of_o mr._n p_n best_a argument_n prove_v this_o right_a of_o prescription_n to_o have_v be_v the_o constant_a opinion_n of_o a_o succeed_a age_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v also_o add_v divers_a new_a authority_n as_o well_o from_o ancient_a historian_n as_o parliamentary_a record_n and_o statute_n but_o since_o it_o be_v grow_v now_o very_o late_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n till_o another_o opportunity_n m._n i_o thank_v you_o sir_n for_o the_o pain_n you_o have_v take_v to_o satisfy_v i_o in_o this_o greâ—t_a question_n but_o pray_v come_v again_o within_o a_o night_n or_o two_o that_o we_o may_v make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o weighty_a controversy_n and_o then_o we_o may_v proceed_v to_o whaâ—_n we_o at_o first_o intend_v viz._n whether_o the_o king_n can_v ever_o lawful_o be_v resist_v or_o whether_o by_o any_o act_n he_o may_v commit_v he_o can_v ever_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v king_n f._n i_o accept_v of_o your_o proposal_n and_o shall_v wait_v of_o you_o again_o as_o you_o appoint_v but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v consider_v well_o of_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v now_o urge_v and_o the_o answer_n i_o have_v give_v to_o your_o argument_n and_o then_o i_o hope_v there_o will_v be_v the_o less_o need_n of_o new_a one_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o fall_v to_o do_v it_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_o your_o humble_a servant_n f._n and_o i_o be_o you_o advertisement_n the_o publisher_n beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o let_v a_o term_n pass_v without_o give_v you_o this_o dialogue_n which_o have_v so_o close_a a_o dependence_n on_o the_o former_a but_o it_o have_v be_v his_o own_o unhappyness_n and_o not_o his_o faulâ—_n in_o the_o next_o place_n he_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o take_v it_o ill_o of_o he_o that_o he_o have_v â—welled_v this_o to_o a_o big_a bulk_n than_o the_o other_o since_o the_o author_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o weightiness_n as_o well_o as_o multiplicity_n of_o the_o argument_n can_v not_o make_v it_o 〈◊〉_d without_o do_v a_o considerable_a injury_n to_o this_o important_a subject_n and_o to_o let_v you_o seâ—_n that_o i_o do_v not_o dissemble_v the_o author_n be_v force_v to_o reserve_v two_o or_o three_o sheet_n more_o of_o the_o same_o argument_n because_o he_o will_v not_o â—ver_o tire_v you_o for_o the_o next_o discourse_n and_o the_o author_n also_o desire_v the_o learned_a doctor_n brady_n pardon_n if_o through_o his_o own_o haste_n or_o the_o inadvertency_n of_o the_o compositor_n there_o have_v be_v some_o omission_n
that_o charter_n be_v lose_v they_o desire_v a_o confirmation_n of_o it_o from_o the_o king_n whereupon_o he_o by_o this_o commission_n direct_v a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n to_o several_a gentleman_n and_o other_o therein_o mention_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o say_a burgess_n have_v enjoy_v all_o those_o liberty_n so_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n or_o not_o which_o will_v have_v be_v ridiculous_a if_o the_o king_n and_o council_n have_v be_v satisfy_v that_o no_o city_n and_o burroughs_n scent_n any_o member_n to_o parliament_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o not_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o this_o authority_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o barâ—staple_n be_v one_o of_o mr._n prin_n modern_a burrough_n for_o which_o he_o can_v find_v no_o precept_n or_o return_v early_o than_o the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o though_o no_o doubt_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o their_o petition_n in_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n it_o have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n many_o age_n before_o though_o the_o precept_n and_o return_v upon_o they_o be_v all_o lose_v and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n do_v thus_o claim_v by_o prescription_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n have_v always_o claim_v the_o same_o privilege_n may_v appear_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o house_n extant_a on_o the_o parliament-roll_n of_o the_o 51th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o 45._o which_o i_o shall_v contract_v and_o put_v into_o english_a out_o of_o french_a recite_v thus_o because_o of_o common_a right_n in_o the_o roll_n de_fw-fr commune_fw-la dâ—oit_fw-fr of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v elect_v two_o from_o every_o county_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n for_o the_o commune_fw-la of_o the_o say_a county_n and_o also_o the_o prelate_n duke_n baron_n count_n baron_n and_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o barony_n which_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o 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but_o the_o cause_n that_o make_v the_o traitor_n since_o prince_n be_v seldom_o without_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o judge_n and_o juryman_n to_o condemn_v whosoever_o they_o please_v to_o fall_v upon_o but_o that_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n have_v always_o assert_v this_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o case_n their_o liberty_n and_o property_n be_v unjust_o invade_v by_o the_o tyrannical_a or_o arbitrary_a practice_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o about_o he_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v by_o give_v you_o the_o history_n of_o it_o in_o so_o many_o king_n since_o your_o conquest_n as_o will_v render_v it_o indisputable_a if_o you_o please_v to_o give_v i_o now_o the_o hear_n or_o else_o to_o defer_v it_o till_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v m._n i_o confess_v i_o be_v so_o weary_a of_o sit_v up_o so_o long_o at_o our_o last_o conversation_n that_o i_o make_v a_o resolution_n not_o to_o do_v so_o any_o more_o and_o therefore_o since_o it_o grow_v 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wish_v you_o good_a night_n m._n and_o i_o the_o same_o to_o you_o finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n upon_o these_o question_n whether_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o and_o 14_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o ii_o all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o be_v express_o forbid_v upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o and_o also_o whether_o all_o those_o who_o assist_v his_o present_a majesty_n king_n william_n either_o before_o or_o after_o his_o come_n over_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o breach_n of_o this_o law_n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o nine_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford_n arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o five_o six_z seven_o and_o 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earl_n and_o in_o the_o like_a pardon_n to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o i_o now_o also_o quote_v those_o lord_n will_v not_o own_o they_o have_v transgress_v but_o the_o word_n be_v only_o etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la quas_fw-la fecerit_fw-la so_o that_o since_o such_o reformation_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v about_o without_o violence_n and_o bloodshed_n and_o some_o irregularity_n which_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n can_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o strict_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o man_n mind_n and_o their_o future_a security_n they_o shall_v be_v indemnify_v for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v with_o so_o good_a a_o intent_n and_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o relate_v to_o the_o title_n such_o king_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o only_o to_o their_o be_v king_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o 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that_o in_o a_o legal_a sense_n all_o defensive_a arm_n or_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n person_n in_o some_o case_n or_o of_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o be_v not_o forbid_v nor_o intend_v to_o be_v forbid_v by_o these_o statute_n and_o declaration_n first_o then_o by_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n be_v certain_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o which_o declare_v make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n to_o be_v treason_n and_o this_o be_v unlawful_a upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o second_o the_o clause_n by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o king_n be_v legal_a authority_n and_o by_o his_o person_n be_v mean_v his_o natural_a and_o politic_a person_n when_o act_v together_o for_o the_o same_o end_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o so_o that_o both_o these_o statute_n be_v but_o declaratory_a of_o 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since_o by_o the_o subsequent_a word_n in_o this_o oath_n it_o be_v restrain_v to_o the_o take_a arm_n by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n or_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o which_o show_v that_o nothing_o here_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v forbid_v but_o take_v up_o offensive_a arm_n upon_o popular_a pretence_n without_o and_o against_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v further_o explain_v in_o another_o test_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n three_o it_o be_v observable_a this_o be_v but_o a_o test_n upon_o some_o that_o be_v to_o come_v into_o office_n and_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n make_v any_o change_n in_o the_o ancient_a law_n which_o can_v be_v change_v by_o implication_n nor_o do_v this_o amount_v to_o so_o much_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o oath_n require_v only_o that_o the_o party_n admit_v into_o office_n shall_v so_o declare_v and_o believe_v and_o though_o the_o second_o clause_n call_v it_o a_o traitorous_a 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command_v the_o say_a nicholas_n be_v then_o mayor_n of_o london_n sudden_o to_o rise_v with_o a_o great_a power_n to_o kill_v and_o put_v to_o death_n the_o say_a lord_n viz._n thomas_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o other_o lord_n there_o name_v and_o the_o commons_o viz._n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o 10_o of_o this_o king_n who_o be_v not_o of_o their_o party_n and_o conspiracy_n for_o the_o do_v of_o which_o wickedness_n the_o say_v grand_a traitor_n abovesaid_a be_v party_n and_o present_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o realm_n so_o that_o if_o this_o treason_n have_v not_o be_v discover_v and_o that_o no_o private_a person_n may_v then_o resist_v those_o commissioned_n by_o the_o king_n it_o will_v have_v be_v treason_n according_a to_o your_o principle_n for_o the_o say_a lord_n and_o commons_o to_o have_v resist_v those_o that_o be_v thus_o send_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o take_v away_o their_o life_n and_o what_o have_v once_o happen_v 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between_o the_o king_n be_v personal_a authority_n and_o his_o legal_a for_o otherwise_o why_o be_v you_o not_o as_o much_o oblige_v to_o yield_v a_o active_a obedience_n to_o the_o king_n be_v personal_a illegal_a commission_n or_o command_v as_o to_o his_o legal_a one_o if_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o they_o so_o then_o all_o the_o difference_n between_o we_o lie_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o disobedience_n you_o maintain_v that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a not_o to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o such_o illegal_a commission_n and_o command_n and_o i_o that_o beside_o this_o denial_n of_o obedience_n if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o fundamental_a point_n and_o that_o which_o general_o concern_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o be_v disobey_v but_o resist_v too_o if_o force_v upon_o we_o with_o violence_n and_o therefore_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o authority_n to_o which_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o submit_v 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have_v make_v use_n of_o to_o wit_n rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiorem_fw-la legem_fw-la &_o curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la viz._n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &c._n &c._n who_o ought_v if_o he_o transgress_v the_o law_n to_o put_v a_o bridle_n upon_o he_o yet_o by_o this_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v neither_o bracton_n nor_o fleta_n can_v mean_v any_o co-active_a â—orce_n but_o only_o a_o moral_a restraint_n upon_o the_o king_n by_o petition_n remonstrance_n or_o denial_n of_o aid_n till_o he_o will_v be_v reform_v by_o fair_a mean_n but_o that_o it_o do_v not_o go_v far_o appear_v by_o the_o parallel_v bracton_n there_o make_v between_o our_o saviour_n christ_n and_o the_o virgin_n mary_n who_o be_v both_o free_a from_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n yet_o voluntary_o choose_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o it_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o those_o author_n never_o design_v that_o the_o parliament_n shall_v oblige_v the_o king_n by_o force_n or_o whether_o he_o will_v or_o no_o to_o amend_v 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which_o if_o they_o be_v both_o great_a mistake_n all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v on_o this_o head_n fall_v of_o itself_o now_o that_o a_o king_n though_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n may_v do_v such_o a_o act_n as_o shall_v make_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o crown_n without_o any_o solemn_a resignation_n of_o it_o you_o yourself_o be_v force_v to_o allow_v in_o the_o two_o case_n you_o have_v put_v viz._n that_o of_o such_o a_o monarch_n become_v a_o enemy_n to_o his_o people_n and_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v they_o and_o that_o of_o his_o make_n over_o his_o kingdom_n to_o another_o without_o the_o people_n consent_n now_o if_o the_o diffusive_a body_n of_o the_o people_n in_o a_o absolute_a government_n can_v judge_v of_o these_o two_o case_n whenever_o they_o happen_v without_o appeal_n to_o any_o general_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o it_o may_v not_o be_v as_o easy_a and_o lawful_a for_o the_o people_n to_o judge_v without_o 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he_o to_o do_v other_o work_n than_o what_o be_v agree_v upon_o between_o they_o or_o instead_o of_o a_o hire_a servant_n will_v make_v he_o his_o absolute_a slave_n in_o these_o case_n no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o by_o this_o unjust_a treatment_n of_o the_o master_n the_o servant_n be_v discharge_v of_o his_o service_n and_o may_v go_v whether_o he_o please_v and_o of_o these_o action_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o first_o meeting_n the_o party_n injure_v be_v they_o wife_n or_o servant_n must_v be_v the_o only_a judge_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n where_o there_o be_v no_o civil_a power_n over_o they_o or_o else_o if_o the_o husband_n or_o master_n shall_v judge_v for_o himself_o the_o wife_n or_o servant_n be_v never_o like_a to_o get_v any_o redress_n apply_v this_o to_o the_o case_n of_o a_o limit_a or_o conditional_a king_n and_o his_o subject_n and_o see_v if_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o the_o same_o upon_o the_o total_a breach_n of_o the_o original_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o whether_o the_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n be_v not_o then_o as_o absolute_o dissolve_v by_o the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o prince_n without_o any_o authoritative_a power_n in_o the_o subject_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o such_o a_o wife_n or_o servant_n by_o the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o husband_n or_o master_n without_o any_o superior_a authority_n in_o such_o wife_n or_o servant_n to_o quit_v they_o and_o so_o to_o discharge_v themselves_o of_o their_o wedlock_n or_o service_n therefore_o as_o to_o your_o accusation_n that_o my_o notion_n be_v worse_a than_o that_o of_o the_o rump_n parliament_n that_o put_v the_o king_n to_o death_n i_o deny_v it_o for_o they_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v no_o way_n of_o be_v rid_v of_o a_o tyrannical_a king_n but_o by_o make_v the_o people_n and_o consequent_o the_o parliament_n as_o their_o representative_n his_o superior_n or_o judge_n to_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n and_o judge_n and_o punish_v he_o for_o his_o tyranny_n this_o i_o abhor_v as_o much_o as_o yourself_o for_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o king_n can_v be_v proper_o the_o supreme_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n own_o another_o power_n above_o he_o to_o punish_v or_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n for_o his_o miscarriage_n but_o this_o power_n that_o i_o insist_v on_o be_v not_o as_o i_o have_v all_o along_o tell_v you_o a_o power_n of_o punishment_n but_o a_o right_a of_o resistance_n for_o self-defence_n in_o the_o first_o place_n and_o of_o judge_v and_o declare_v the_o king_n to_o have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n or_o right_o to_o govern_v if_o he_o persist_v in_o his_o tyranny_n without_o any_o amendment_n or_o satisfaction_n give_v to_o the_o people_n nor_o be_v this_o doctrine_n of_o the_o people_n thus_o judge_v for_o themselves_o so_o dangerous_a as_o that_o of_o the_o rumper_n as_o you_o suppose_v who_o put_v this_o right_n of_o judge_v when_o the_o king_n have_v thus_o forfeit_v his_o power_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o which_o they_o think_v themselves_o the_o only_a lawful_a or_o necessary_a member_n but_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o they_o still_o suppose_v he_o to_o be_v their_o lawful_a king_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o pretend_a to_o arraign_v he_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o title_n of_o the_o charge_n or_o indictment_n they_o draw_v up_o against_o he_o all_o which_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v altogether_o unjust_a and_o illegal_a but_o it_o be_v not_o more_o but_o rather_o less_o dangerous_a to_o put_v this_o power_n of_o judge_v when_o the_o king_n have_v thus_o dissolve_v the_o government_n and_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n upon_o such_o notorious_a and_o wilful_a breach_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n in_o the_o whole_a or_o diffusive_a body_n
as_o a_o wilful_a forfeiture_n or_o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n and_o it_o be_v from_o this_o first_o go_v away_o that_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o convention_n date_n his_o abdication_n since_o though_o it_o be_v true_a after_o his_o return_n to_o london_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v a_o order_n in_o council_n to_o stop_v the_o further_o pull_v down_o and_o plunder_v popish_a chapel_n and_o papist_n house_n yet_o be_v it_o sign_v by_o very_a few_o of_o the_o council_n and_o almost_o only_o by_o those_o who_o have_v be_v in_o some_o office_n or_o place_n of_o trust_n so_o that_o though_o he_o be_v then_o own_a by_o they_o yet_o since_o that_o order_n do_v only_o serve_v to_o show_v his_o zeal_n for_o the_o popish_a party_n and_o be_v never_o obey_v or_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v and_o that_o neither_o the_o prince_n nor_o the_o city_n of_o london_n own_v he_o afterward_o since_o it_o have_v already_o deliver_v itself_o up_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o have_v as_o well_o as_o the_o peer_n invite_v he_o to_o repair_v to_o that_o city_n i_o can_v see_v that_o so_o slight_a a_o act_n as_o this_o order_n of_o council_n shall_v be_v count_v a_o return_n to_o or_o a_o re-establishment_n in_o the_o throne_n since_o the_o king_n have_v not_o only_o lose_v the_o crown_n by_o his_o wilful_a departure_n without_o call_v a_o parliament_n or_o give_v the_o p._n any_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o great_a business_n of_o the_o pretend_a prince_n of_o wales_n or_o the_o nation_n by_o repair_v up_o those_o desperate_a breach_n he_o have_v make_v upon_o our_o fundamental_a law_n but_o have_v also_o lose_v his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o be_v conquer_a by_o the_o prince_n in_o open_a war_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a another_o time_n so_o that_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v this_o vote_n of_o the_o convention_n you_o will_v find_v that_o these_o word_n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n do_v not_o only_o refer_v to_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o his_o have_v withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o to_o everyone_o of_o the_o forego_n clause_n viz._n his_o have_v endeavour_v to_o subvert_v the_o constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n his_o break_v the_o original_a contract_n and_o his_o have_v violate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a their_o notion_n of_o abdication_n be_v not_o fix_v only_o in_o the_o king_n desertion_n or_o bare_a withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o from_o his_o renounce_v the_o legal_a title_n by_o which_o he_o hold_v the_o crown_n and_o set_v himself_o up_o as_o a_o despotic_a sovereign_n and_o rule_v by_o a_o mercenary_a army_n and_o therefore_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v about_o the_o king_n quit_v the_o government_n with_o a_o design_n to_o return_v to_o it_o again_o as_o soon_o as_o with_o safety_n he_o may_v be_v altogether_o vain_a for_o as_o he_o go_v away_o because_o he_o will_v not_o 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act_n of_o parliament_n signify_v in_o such_o a_o case_n must_v we_o say_v it_o be_v a_o void_a clause_n but_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o put_v in_o do_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o who_o draw_v this_o act_n of_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o as_o also_o those_o act_n concern_v sheriff_n understand_v this_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a to_o be_v void_a when_o they_o put_v it_o in_o if_o it_o be_v so_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n why_o do_v the_o king_n pass_v this_o act_n without_o any_o refusal_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o certain_o it_o be_v then_o think_v otherwise_o and_o if_o so_o we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n against_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o
crown_n yet_o the_o pretend_a hereditary_a right_n of_o blood_n be_v the_o main_a ground_n of_o his_o establishment_n but_o as_o for_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o though_o he_o can_v claim_v the_o crown_n by_o no_o true_a right_n of_o inheritance_n yet_o will_v he_o never_o own_v it_o to_o be_v a_o election_n by_o parliament_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o king_n richard_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o bosworth_n the_o lord_n stanley_n put_v his_o crown_n upon_o henry_n head_n who_o immediate_o still_v himself_o king_n seven_o as_o well_o by_o right_a of_o conquest_n as_o by_o be_v sole_a heir_n male_a of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n he_o as_o such_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v king_n and_o though_o he_o afterward_o call_v a_o parliament_n in_o which_o he_o procure_v his_o title_n to_o be_v recognise_v 7._o yet_o as_o my_o lord_n bacon_n very_o well_o observe_v he_o be_v afraid_a to_o take_v the_o crown_n by_o his_o only_a true_a title_n in_o right_a of_o the_o lady_n 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you_o the_o falseness_n and_o absurdity_n of_o this_o assertion_n that_o whatsoever_o the_o imperial_a law_n of_o any_o government_n require_v of_o its_o subject_n if_o it_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o god_n law_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o in_o stead_n of_o passive_a obedience_n or_o patient_n suffer_v of_o injury_n let_v we_o insert_v to_o give_v up_o to_o the_o sovereign_a all_o our_o civil_a property_n and_o estate_n if_o demand_v by_o he_o be_v not_o forbid_v by_o god_n law_n and_o therefore_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o when_o ever_o it_o be_v require_v by_o the_o imperial_a law_n for_o certain_o the_o absolute_a disposal_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v as_o unseparable_a a_o prerogative_n of_o sovereign_a power_n as_o irresistibility_n itself_o as_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v if_o you_o think_v fit_a to_o dispute_v that_o question_n but_o at_o present_a i_o shall_v only_o confine_v myself_o to_o confute_v the_o major_a in_o your_o syllogism_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o though_o i_o do_v grant_v what_o you_o lay_v down_o for_o a_o ground_n to_o be_v true_a that_o it_o belong_v to_o sovereign_a power_n to_o be_v accountable_a to_o or_o punishable_a by_o none_o but_o god_n yet_o i_o suppose_v resistance_n of_o their_o violence_n and_o tyranny_n may_v very_o well_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o people_n without_o call_v they_o to_o a_o judicial_a account_n or_o erect_v a_o tribunal_n for_o that_o purpose_n call_v to_o a_o account_n and_o punishment_n be_v act_n of_o authority_n of_o superior_n over_o inferior_n but_o resistance_n for_o self-defence_n be_v a_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o which_o no_o man_n by_o enter_v into_o civil_a government_n ever_o part_v withal_o but_o out_o of_o consideration_n of_o a_o great_a good_a to_o be_v obtain_v thereby_o viz._n his_o own_o great_a security_n together_o with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o that_o civil_a society_n whereof_o he_o be_v a_o member_n which_o when_o by_o the_o prince_n violence_n it_o be_v once_o like_a to_o be_v whole_o lose_v his_o natural_a right_n of_o self-defence_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o himself_o and_o family_n again_o take_v place_n nor_o do_v he_o then_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n as_o such_o but_z as_o murderers_z and_o cutthroat_n who_o by_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v the_o people_n have_v already_o loft_n all_o that_o right_o they_o former_o have_v and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v that_o moderate_a romish_a author_n barclay_n before_o cite_v who_o in_o the_o 16_o chap._n of_o the_o book_n last_o quote_v have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n what_o then_o can_v there_o no_o case_n happen_v in_o which_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n to_o rise_v up_o and_o resist_v a_o king_n govern_v tyrannical_o his_o answer_n to_o this_o question_n be_v there_o be_v certain_o none_o as_o long_a as_o he_o continue_v king_n for_o the_o scripture_n forbid_v it_o which_o say_v honour_v the_o king_n and_o he_o who_o resist_v the_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n therefore_o the_o people_n can_v have_v no_o power_n against_o he_o unless_o he_o commit_v something_o by_o which_o he_o may_v cease_v to_o be_v king_n for_o than_o he_o himself_o abdicate_v his_o kingship_n and_o become_v a_o private_a man_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o people_n be_v make_v free_a that_o right_o return_v to_o they_o which_o they_o have_v before_o the_o king_n be_v make_v but_o there_o be_v but_o few_o fact_n of_o that_o nature_n which_o can_v produce_v such_o effect_n and_o i_o can_v when_o i_o think_v of_o it_o find_v more_o than_o two_o case_n in_o which_o a_o king_n do_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la make_n himself_o no_o king_n and_o thereby_o deprive_v himself_o of_o all_o honour_n regal_a dignity_n and_o power_n which_o also_o winzerus_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o of_o these_o be_v if_o he_o destroy_v his_o kingdom_n and_o then_o give_v we_o the_o example_n of_o nero_n and_o caligula_n as_o i_o have_v already_o do_v and_o next_o proceed_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o when_o any_o king_n design_n and_o do_v serious_o endeavour_v to_o put_v this_o in_o practice_n he_o cast_v off_o all_o care_n and_o desire_v of_o govern_v and_o therefore_o thereby_o lose_v his_o empire_n over_o his_o subject_n as_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o servant_n lose_v his_o dominion_n over_o he_o by_o give_v up_o all_o care_n and_o government_n of_o he_o and_o of_o this_o opinion_n likewise_o be_v 7.11_o grotius_n and_o pâ—ffendorf_n 7._o the_o two_o best_a and_o most_o learned_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a who_o do_v not_o think_v it_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o gospel_n for_o subject_n to_o resist_v the_o king_n if_o with_o a_o hostile_a mind_n he_o seek_v the_o destruction_n of_o his_o people_n for_o say_v the_o former_a the_o will_n of_o command_v and_o destroy_v can_v consist_v together_o and_o therefore_o he_o who_o profess_v himself_o a_o enemy_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n do_v thereby_o abdicate_v the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o can_v scarce_o seem_v to_o happen_v in_o a_o king_n in_o his_o right_a wit_n and_o who_o command_v only_o one_o kingdom_n but_o if_o he_o command_v more_o kingdom_n it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o he_o will_v destroy_v the_o people_n of_o one_o nation_n to_o gratify_v the_o other_o that_o he_o may_v there_o make_v colony_n of_o they_o and_o this_o i_o suppose_v grotius_n speak_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o they_o say_v have_v declare_v that_o if_o he_o overcome_v the_o dutch_a then_o in_o arm_n against_o he_o he_o will_v fell_v the_o people_n for_o slave_n into_o america_n and_o people_n the_o country_n with_o spaniard_n m._n you_o very_o much_o mistake_v i_o if_o you_o think_v by_o imperial_a i_o mean_v the_o roman_a law_n but_o only_o the_o common_a law_n of_o sovereignty_n which_o though_o they_o destroy_v no_o man_n natural_a ib._n or_o civil_a right_n yet_o both_o grant_v and_o confirm_v unto_o the_o legal_a sovereign_n in_o every_o government_n the_o essential_a right_n of_o sovereignty_n of_o which_o i_o take_v nonresistance_n not_o only_o for_o wrath_n but_o conscience_n lake_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o venture_v the_o utmost_a that_o a_o tyrant_n can_v do_v towards_o his_o people_n by_o destroy_v they_o than_o to_o give_v the_o least_o inlet_n to_o rebellion_n by_o suppose_v the_o people_n may_v in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o resist_v their_o prince_n for_o grant_v the_o worst_a that_o may_v happen_v that_o a_o prince_n once_o in_o 1000_o year_n to_o be_v so_o wicked_a and_o malicious_a as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v his_o people_n yet_o he_o can_v scarce_o find_v mean_n and_o hand_n enough_o to_o bring_v it_o about_o and_o admit_v he_o shall_v destroy_v by_o
man_n may_v have_v proceed_v not_o from_o their_o own_o right_n or_o possession_n but_o from_o the_o assignment_n of_o their_o chief_a captain_n or_o leader_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o estate_n which_o such_o particular_a man_n enjoy_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o only_a as_o the_o mere_a grace_n or_o favour_n of_o such_o a_o prince_n since_o most_o of_o those_o who_o follow_v he_o in_o this_o conquest_n or_o expedition_n do_v it_o not_o as_o subject_n but_o as_o volunteer_n and_o without_o who_o assistance_n he_o can_v never_o have_v conquer_a at_o all_o so_o that_o they_o have_v thereby_o acquire_v to_o themselves_o a_o certain_a portion_n or_o share_v in_o the_o land_n so_o conquer_a though_o for_o avoid_v dissension_n and_o quarrel_n among_o they_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o disposal_n of_o this_o new_a prince_n as_o a_o public_a trustee_n to_o distribute_v to_o each_o person_n what_o share_n he_o shall_v have_v but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n when_o father_n or_o master_n of_o family_n before_o free_a and_o possess_v of_o hereditary_a estate_n do_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o command_n of_o one_o man_n voluntary_o or_o by_o election_n those_o estate_n do_v much_o less_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n or_o favour_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o therefore_o if_o such_o a_o prince_n shall_v without_o their_o consent_n go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o their_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n he_o may_v very_o just_o be_v resist_v by_o they_o since_o a_o quiet_a enjoyment_n of_o these_o in_o peace_n and_o safety_n be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a reason_n that_o make_v they_o choose_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n and_o be_v certain_o one_o of_o the_o original_a compact_n of_o the_o government_n and_o that_o in_o absolute_a monarchy_n where_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o slave_n they_o look_v upon_o themselves_o to_o have_v such_o a_o settle_a property_n in_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n by_o compact_a that_o seneca_n bold_o pronounce_v errat_fw-la siquis_fw-la existimat_fw-la sutum_fw-la â—sse_fw-la ibi_fw-la râ—gem_fw-la ubi_fw-la nihil_fw-la à _fw-la regetutum_fw-la est_fw-la securitas_fw-la securitate_fw-la mutua_fw-la paciscenda_fw-la est_fw-la and_o mr._n hobbs_n himself_o as_o much_o a_o friend_n as_o he_o be_v to_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o monarch_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o natural_a right_n of_o subject_n yet_o be_v force_v in_o his_o leviathan_n to_o confess_v that_o the_o riches_n power_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o monarch_n arise_v only_o from_o the_o riches_n strength_n and_o reputation_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o no_o king_n can_v be_v rich_a 96._o nor_o glorious_a nor_o secure_a who_o subject_n be_v â—â—â—her_o poor_a or_o contemptible_a though_o how_o this_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o subject_n can_v consist_v with_o that_o absolute_a power_n which_o he_o give_v his_o sovereign_n over_o the_o person_n and_o estate_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o can_v understand_v since_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o any_o compact_n or_o condition_n between_o he_o and_o they_o but_o that_o their_o propriety_n may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n seneca_n show_v we_o jure_fw-la civili_fw-la say_v he_o omniâ—_n râ—gis_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la illa_fw-la quorum_fw-la ad_fw-la regem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la universa_fw-la possessio_fw-la in_o singulos_fw-la dominos_fw-la descripta_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o unaquaeque_fw-la res_fw-la habet_fw-la possessorem_fw-la suum_fw-la itaque_fw-la dare_v regi_fw-la &_o donum_fw-la &_o mancipium_fw-la &_o pecuniam_fw-la possumus_fw-la nec_fw-la donare_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la dicimur_fw-la ad_fw-la reges_fw-la enim_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la and_o the_o earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o the_o leviathan_n make_v this_o excellent_a remark_n upon_o this_o passage_n of_o seneca_n 24._o and_o that_o prince_n who_o think_v his_o power_n so_o greâ—â—_n that_o his_o subject_n have_v nothing_o to_o give_v he_o will_v be_v very_o unhappy_a if_o he_o have_v evern_n nâ—ed_v of_o their_o hand_n or_o their_o heart_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o universal_a power_n or_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o the_o emperor_n over_o all_o thing_n which_o seneca_n there_o suppose_v yet_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v go_v about_o to_o have_v invade_v all_o man_n property_n and_o reduce_v all_o man_n estate_n into_o the_o public_a treasury_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v soon_o have_v have_v not_o only_o his_o own_o legion_n but_o the_o whole_a empire_n about_o his_o ear_n and_o though_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o french_a king_n do_v by_o his_o exâ—roitant_a tax_n and_o gabel_n raise_v more_o mâ—ney_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o the_o territory_n annex_v to_o it_o than_o the_o ottoman_a emperor_n do_v out_o of_o that_o vast_a empire_n of_o which_o he_o have_v the_o sole_a propriety_n of_o the_o land_n in_o himself_o yet_o if_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v endeavour_v by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o stand_a army_n to_o take_v away_o all_o man_n hereditary_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o make_v they_o all_o to_o be_v hold_v at_o will_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v not_o only_o be_v oppose_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o perhaps_o ruin_v in_o the_o attempt_n but_o also_o if_o he_o shall_v succeed_v in_o it_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o rich_a or_o more_o powerful_a that_o he_o will_v become_v the_o poor_a and_o weak_a when_o he_o have_v do_v since_o no_o man_n will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o build_v till_o or_o improve_v their_o estate_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v in_o turkey_n when_o they_o be_v not_o sure_a 〈◊〉_d soon_o they_o may_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o they_o or_o at_o least_o can_v hold_v they_o no_o long_o than_o for_o their_o life_n or_o a_o few_o year_n so_o prevalent_a a_o thing_n be_v this_o empty_a shadow_n and_o bare_a name_n of_o property_n that_o be_v now_o leave_v in_o france_n be_v often_o charge_v with_o 〈◊〉_d to_o above_o half_a the_o value_n of_o the_o estate_n to_o encourage_v the_o people_n to_o beautify_v cultivate_v and_o improve_v a_o country_n abound_v with_o all_o those_o riches_n that_o nature_n or_o art_n can_v produce_v and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o partial_a i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o legislative_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n so_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v which_o thou_o high_o improbable_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n shall_v so_o far_o abuse_v the_o trust_v repose_v in_o they_o as_o to_o give_v up_o all_o their_o civil_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n into_o the_o king_n hand_n to_o be_v dispose_v of_o as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v thereupon_o go_v about_o to_o turn_v all_o the_o people_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o may_v in_o that_o case_n resist_v the_o king_n if_o he_o go_v to_o do_v it_o by_o force_n notwithstanding_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o my_o reason_n it_o that_o a_o 〈◊〉_d hereditary_a property_n in_o estate_n be_v a_o ancient_n if_o not_o more_o than_o parliament_n themselves_o in_o this_o nation_n must_v consequent_o be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n and_o so_o can_v be_v alter_v by_o its_o representative_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o people_n have_v give_v they_o a_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o what_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n they_o shall_v think_v 〈◊〉_d yet_o do_v they_o not_o make_v it_o absolute_a to_o extend_v either_o to_o their_o liberty_n i_o mean_v in_o respect_n of_o slavery_n or_o their_o whole_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o if_o the_o king_n may_v be_v resist_v if_o he_o invade_v they_o by_o his_o own_o sole_a authority_n the_o reason_n will_v be_v the_o same_o why_o he_o may_v be_v also_o resist_v though_o back_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o taâ—â—ing_n away_o of_o civil_a property_n will_v prove_v as_o destructive_a to_o the_o peopleâ—_n liberty_n and_o happiness_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o in_o the_o other_o and_o as_o great_a a_o abuse_n of_o the_o trust_v repose_v 〈◊〉_d they_o that_o be_v design_v to_o protect_v it_o m._n i_o can_v except_v against_o your_o distinction_n between_o those_o government_n where_o a_o property_n in_o estate_n do_v precede_v the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n it_o sell_v for_o there_o i_o grant_v that_o such_o a_o property_n may_v be_v a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o government_n but_o in_o those_o monarchy_n that_o have_v begin_v by_o conquest_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o king_n or_o absolute_a prince_n over_o a_o army_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o that_o case_n upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o kingdom_n or_o foreign_a nation_n not_o only_o the_o prey_n or_o good_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d but_o also_o their_o estate_n be_v
though_o in_o defence_n of_o the_o great_a innocence_n man_n who_o draw_v their_o sword_n against_o lawful_a power_n shall_v perish_v with_o the_o sword_n which_o do_v not_o signify_v what_o the_o event_n shall_v always_o be_v but_o what_o be_v the_o desert_n and_o merit_n of_o the_o action_n rebel_n may_v sometime_o be_v prosperous_a but_o they_o always_o deserve_v punishment_n and_o if_o they_o escape_v the_o sword_n in_o this_o world_n st._n paul_n tell_v we_o they_o shall_v receive_v damnation_n in_o the_o next_o what_o can_v be_v say_v more_o express_o against_o resistance_n than_o this_o 60._o st._n peter_n never_o can_v have_v draw_v his_o sword_n in_o a_o better_a cause_n never_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o more_o sacred_a person_n if_o we_o may_v defend_v oppress_v innocence_n against_o a_o lawful_a authority_n if_o we_o may_v oppose_v unjust_a and_o illegal_a violence_n if_o any_o obligation_n of_o friendship_n gratitude_n or_o religion_n itself_o can_v justify_v resistance_n st._n peter_n have_v not_o meet_v with_o this_o rebuke_n but_o though_o it_o be_v a_o very_a unjust_a action_n yet_o it_o be_v do_v by_o a_o just_a authority_n and_o lawful_a power_n must_v not_o be_v resist_v though_o it_o be_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o saviour_n of_o the_o world_n and_o if_o st._n peter_n may_v not_o use_v the_o sword_n in_o defence_n of_o christ_n person_n there_o be_v much_o less_o pretence_n to_o fight_v for_o his_o religion_n for_o though_o some_o call_v this_o fight_n for_o religion_n it_o be_v only_o fight_v for_o themselves_o man_n may_v keep_v their_o religion_n if_o they_o please_v in_o despite_n of_o earthly_a power_n and_o therefore_o no_o power_n can_v hurt_v religion_n though_o they_o may_v persecute_v the_o professor_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o when_o man_n take_v up_o arm_n to_o avoid_v persecution_n it_o be_v not_o in_o defence_n of_o religion_n but_o of_o themselves_o that_o be_v to_o avoid_v their_o suffering_n for_o religion_n and_o if_o st._n peter_n may_v not_o fight_v to_o preserve_v christ_n himself_o certain_o neither_o he_o nor_o we_o aught_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n to_o defend_v ourselves_o from_o persecution_n christ_n be_v the_o first_o martyr_n for_o his_o own_o religion_n his_o person_n be_v infinite_o more_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a than_o any_o one_o of_o we_o can_v pretend_v to_o be_v and_o if_o st._n peter_n must_v not_o fight_v for_o christ_n certain_o we_o must_v not_o fight_v for_o ourselves_o though_o we_o absurd_o enough_o call_v it_o fight_v for_o our_o religion_n and_o who_o be_v these_o power_n st._n peter_n resist_v they_o be_v only_o the_o servant_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o highpriest_n the_o highpriest_n do_v not_o appear_v there_o himself_o much_o less_o pilate_n much_o less_o caesar_n and_o yet_o our_o saviour_n rebuke_n st._n peter_n for_o resist_v the_o inferior_a officer_n 62._o though_o they_o offer_v the_o most_o unjust_a and_o illegal_a violence_n it_o seem_v he_o do_v not_o understand_v our_o modern_a distinction_n between_o the_o person_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n that_o though_o his_o person_n be_v sacred_a and_o must_v not_o be_v touch_v yet_o his_o minister_n who_o act_n by_o his_o authority_n may_v be_v oppose_v we_o may_v fight_v his_o navy_n and_o demolish_v his_o garrison_n and_o kill_v his_o subject_n who_o fight_v for_o he_o though_o we_o must_v not_o touch_v his_o person_n but_o he_o be_v a_o mock_n prince_n who_o authority_n be_v confine_v to_o his_o own_o person_n who_o can_v do_v nothing_o more_o than_o what_o he_o can_v do_v with_o his_o two_o hand_n which_o can_v answer_v the_o end_v of_o government_n a_o prince_n be_v not_o mere_o a_o natural_a but_o a_o political_a person_n and_o his_o personal_a authority_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o his_o commission_n do_v his_o officer_n and_o minister_n of_o state_n and_o commander_n and_o soldier_n be_v his_o end_n and_o eye_n and_o ear_n and_o leg_n and_o he_o who_o resist_v those_o who_o act_n by_o his_o commission_n may_v as_o proper_o be_v say_v to_o resist_v the_o personal_a authority_n of_o the_o prince_n as_o if_o he_o himself_o be_v present_a in_o his_o natural_a person_n as_o well_o as_o by_o his_o authority_n thus_o our_o saviour_n it_o seem_v thought_n when_o he_o rebuke_v st._n peter_n for_o strike_v a_o servant_n of_o the_o high_a priest_n and_o smite_v off_o his_o ear._n f._n in_o answer_n to_o this_o place_n which_o you_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o resistance_n that_o st._n peter_n will_v have_v make_v on_o our_o saviour_n behalf_n be_v absolute_o unlawful_a i_o shall_v not_o insist_v as_o some_o do_v that_o christ_n come_v into_o the_o world_n on_o purpose_n to_o be_v a_o sacrifice_n for_o sin_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o his_o design_n and_o the_o person_n he_o undertake_v to_o resist_v and_o oppose_v have_v it_o be_v never_o so_o lawful_a to_o resist_v though_o our_o saviour_n himself_o by_o the_o word_n 18.11_o which_o st._n john_n relate_v he_o to_o have_v speak_v to_o st._n peter_n seem_v to_o favour_v this_o interpretation_n when_o after_o he_o have_v bid_v he_o put_v his_o sword_n into_o the_o scabbard_n he_o add_v the_o cup_n which_o my_o father_n have_v give_v i_o shall_v i_o not_o drink_v it_o and_o so_o likewise_o the_o answer_n he_o give_v pilate_n who_o ask_v he_o whether_o he_o be_v a_o king_n 18.37_o thou_o say_v that_o i_o be_o a_o king_n to_o this_o end_n be_v i_o bear_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n come_v i_o into_o the_o world_n that_o i_o shall_v bear_v witness_n unto_o the_o truth_n nor_o yet_o shall_v i_o go_v about_o to_o interpret_v these_o word_n for_o they_o that_o take_v the_o sword_n shall_v perish_v by_o the_o sword_n in_o that_o sense_n which_o grotius_n put_v upon_o it_o though_o quite_o different_a from_o you_o as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o design_v as_o a_o rebuke_n to_o st._n peter_n but_o for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o his_o disciple_n and_o be_v indeed_o a_o prophecy_n that_o the_o jew_n who_o now_o come_v against_o he_o with_o sword_n and_o staff_n shall_v perish_v by_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o shall_v be_v the_o avenger_n of_o christ_n death_n but_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o you_o do_v as_o a_o rebuke_n to_o st._n peter_n for_o go_v about_o to_o resist_v a_o lawful_a authority_n though_o employ_v upon_o a_o very_a unjust_a errand_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o the_o supreme_a power_n may_v not_o be_v resist_v in_o any_o case_n or_o by_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o let_v they_o use_v their_o power_n never_o so_o cruel_o or_o tyrannical_o against_o their_o subject_n i_o grant_v indeed_o it_o prove_v what_o i_o have_v never_o deny_v that_o a_o private_a person_n though_o innocent_n ought_v not_o to_o resi_v the_o civil_a officer_n that_o come_v to_o seize_v he_o for_o a_o crime_n whereof_o he_o be_v accuse_v before_o a_o lawful_a authority_n for_o this_o be_v not_o only_o unlawful_a by_o the_o command_n of_o christ_n but_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n for_o in_o england_n it_o be_v not_o only_o penal_a for_o a_o man_n to_o resist_v the_o officer_n of_o justice_n that_o come_v to_o seize_v he_o though_o he_o be_v innocent_a of_o the_o crime_n whereof_o he_o be_v accuse_v but_o also_o to_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o justice_n by_o flight_n and_o though_o upon_o trial_n he_o be_v find_v innocent_a yet_o if_o he_o flee_v for_o the_o same_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o that_o very_o just_o because_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o suspect_v and_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o the_o public_a trial_n of_o the_o law_n now_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o the_o case_n of_o our_o saviour_n though_o the_o action_n which_o these_o priest_n and_o soldier_n come_v about_o be_v in_o itself_o unjust_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o so_o either_o in_o respect_n of_o these_o officer_n themselves_o who_o act_v by_o a_o lawful_a authority_n nor_o yet_o be_v it_o unjust_a or_o unlawful_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o high_a priest_n and_o sanbedrim_n who_o send_v they_o for_o since_o it_o belong_v to_o they_o alone_o to_o judge_n of_o a_o prophet_n who_o they_o suppose_v teach_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n since_o they_o do_v believe_v our_o saviour_n to_o be_v such_o a_o prophet_n it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o neither_o unjust_a nor_o unlawful_a to_o seize_v he_o and_o bring_v he_o before_o they_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o his_o doctrine_n and_o they_o may_v likewise_o do_v this_o either_o by_o day_n or_o by_o night_n with_o the_o help_n of_o more_o or_o few_o man_n according_a as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a since_o they_o fear_v the_o people_n may_v rescue_v he_o especial_o since_o they_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o one_o who_o go_v
about_o to_o make_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o opposition_n to_o caesar_n and_o therefore_o whilst_o they_o lie_v under_o this_o mistake_n they_o be_v under_o as_o high_a a_o obligation_n as_o a_o erroneous_a conscience_n can_v lay_v upon_o they_o of_o seize_v he_o and_o bring_v he_o before_o the_o highpriest_n and_o the_o governor_n for_o if_o they_o have_v believe_v he_o to_o be_v the_o true_a messiah_n and_o consequent_o the_o king_n of_o their_o nation_n it_o have_v be_v impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v ever_o have_v go_v about_o to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n which_o likewise_o our_o saviour_n himself_o acknowledge_v 23.24_o when_o pray_v for_o they_o that_o crucify_a he_o he_o say_v father_n forgive_v they_o for_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v i_o speak_v not_o this_o to_o excuse_v the_o priest_n or_o sanâ—edrim_n for_o condemn_v our_o saviour_n to_o death_n or_o for_o use_v all_o the_o power_n they_o have_v with_o pilate_n to_o have_v he_o execute_v since_o i_o grant_v their_o ignorance_n be_v in_o great_a part_n wilful_a at_o least_o not_o invincible_a they_o have_v no_o just_a excuse_n not_o to_o believe_v on_o he_o after_o so_o many_o miracle_n he_o have_v wrought_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o all_o the_o world_n but_o only_o to_o prove_v that_o which_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v i._n e._n that_o magistrate_n even_o whilst_o they_o act_n unjust_o be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o public_a justice_n no_o not_o to_o rescue_v a_o innocent_a man_n by_o force_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n after_o he_o be_v condemn_v since_o the_o false_a or_o unjust_a sentence_n of_o judge_n against_o particular_a person_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o just_a in_o common_a acceptation_n till_o they_o be_v repeal_v according_a to_o that_o maxim_n in_o your_o civil_a law_n praetor_n dum_fw-la iniquum_fw-la decernit_fw-la ius_n dicit_fw-la ius_n and_o therefore_o our_o saviour_n come_v to_o fulfil_v all_o righteousness_n and_o to_o be_v the_o exact_a pattern_n of_o divine_a and_o moral_a action_n can_v not_o do_v less_o than_o rebuke_n st._n peter_n for_o make_v use_n of_o the_o sword_n against_o a_o lawful_a authority_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o case_n that_o i_o have_v put_v of_o the_o resistance_n of_o whole_a nation_n or_o body_n of_o man_n against_o a_o unjust_a force_n and_o destructive_a violence_n upon_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n by_o those_o who_o pretend_v to_o act_n as_o the_o supreme_a power_n though_o contrary_a to_o all_o law_n natural_a and_o divine_a and_o who_o have_v no_o pretence_n to_o act_n as_o they_o do_v but_o only_o their_o unjust_a and_o arbitrary_a will_n back_v by_o power_n aâ—d_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n in_o these_o two_o i_o will_v clear_o show_v you_o from_o your_o own_o concession_n that_o no_o man_n want_v authority_n to_o defend_v his_o life_n against_o he_o that_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v it_o away_o 21._o and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v st._n paul_n may_v only_o with_o the_o help_n of_o those_o that_o be_v with_o he_o not_o only_o have_v defend_v his_o life_n against_o those_o who_o we_o find_v in_o the_o 25_o the_o of_o the_o act_n who_o be_v by_o order_n of_o the_o highpriest_n and_o chief_a of_o the_o jew_n to_o have_v lie_v â—n_v wait_v to_o kill_v paul_n by_o the_o way_n but_o also_o against_o any_o that_o festus_n the_o governor_n himself_o shall_v have_v send_v for_o the_o same_o end_n since_o he_o there_o decâ—ares_v 16._o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o manner_n i._n e._n law_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o deliver_v any_o man_n to_o die_v before_o that_o he_o that_o be_v accuse_v have_v the_o accuser_n face_n to_o face_n and_o have_v licence_n to_o answer_n for_o himself_o concern_v the_o crime_n lay_v against_o he_o and_o therefore_o as_o caesar_n can_v give_v festus_n no_o commission_n to_o murder_n man_n so_o neither_o do_v god_n bestow_v on_o the_o emperor_n any_o authority_n to_o commit_v murder_n or_o to_o authorize_v other_o to_o do_v it_o and_o if_o a_o single_a person_n may_v do_v this_o certain_o much_o more_o a_o whole_a nation_n country_n or_o city_n may_v justify_v such_o a_o resistance_n where_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n lie_v at_o stake_n from_o the_o violence_n or_o tyranny_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v not_o see_v but_o that_o i_o may_v very_o well_o grant_v the_o instance_n you_o have_v put_v to_o be_v conclusive_a against_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o st._n peter_n on_o our_o saviour_n behalf_n so_o that_o your_o instance_n do_v not_o reach_v the_o case_n in_o hand_n that_o all_o resistance_n of_o supreme_a power_n be_v unlawful_a and_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v in_o reason_n desire_n that_o no_o man_n want_v authority_n to_o defend_v his_o life_n against_o he_o who_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v it_o away_o so_o that_o unless_o prince_n and_o their_o inferior_a officer_n receive_v authority_n from_o god_n to_o commit_v murder_n every_o man_n may_v defend_v himself_o against_o they_o when_o they_o go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o their_o life_n by_o violence_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o therefore_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n from_o any_o thing_n that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o say_v to_o believe_v that_o christ_n do_v not_o allow_v this_o distinction_n between_o the_o person_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o be_v good_a in_o some_o case_n or_o that_o though_o his_o person_n shall_v be_v sacred_a yet_o that_o his_o minister_n who_o act_n not_o by_o his_o regal_a authority_n but_o his_o personal_n and_o tyrannical_a will_n may_v be_v oppose_v nor_o can_v i_o find_v any_o consequence_n from_o what_o you_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o mock_n prince_n who_o authority_n be_v confine_v to_o his_o own_o person_n who_o can_v do_v nothing_o more_o than_o what_o he_o can_v do_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n since_o no_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n assert_n any_o such_o thing_n for_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o absolute_a prince_n have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n and_o to_o command_v they_o to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n which_o do_v not_o contradict_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n and_o a_o limit_a prince_n have_v likewise_o a_o right_a to_o command_v in_o all_o thing_n that_o do_v not_o express_o contradict_v god_n natural_a and_o reveal_v law_n and_o also_o those_o positive_a law_n of_o his_o country_n which_o he_o be_v not_o the_o sole_a maker_n of_o that_o do_v not_o contradict_v the_o former_a and_o if_o he_o can_v do_v this_o i_o think_v he_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o authority_n sufficient_a to_o answer_v all_o the_o end_n of_o government_n without_o suppose_v that_o he_o must_v needs_o have_v a_o irresistible_a power_n and_o without_o which_o he_o can_v answer_v those_o end_n to_o murder_n and_o enslave_v whosoever_o he_o will_n i_o grant_v indeed_o a_o prince_n be_v not_o mere_o a_o natural_a but_o a_o political_a person_n but_o certain_o his_o personal_a authority_n as_o king_n do_v not_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o his_o commission_n or_o that_o he_o who_o resist_v those_o who_o act_n by_o his_o commission_n may_v be_v say_v in_o all_o case_n to_o resist_v his_o regal_a authority_n since_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o poor_a protestant_n in_o ireland_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o last_o irish_a rebellion_n have_v be_v in_o a_o very_a woeful_a condition_n if_o it_o have_v happen_v which_o be_v not_o impossible_a that_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o shall_v real_o have_v grant_v a_o commission_n to_o sir_n phelim_n onâ—al_n to_o destroy_v they_o which_o no_o man_n can_v then_o certain_o tell_v but_o that_o he_o have_v since_o sir_n phelim_n public_o show_v such_o a_o commission_n and_o still_o assert_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o till_o he_o come_v upon_o the_o gallow_n but_o this_o be_v only_o by_o the_o by_o and_o in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v to_o this_o matter_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o suppose_v what_o our_o saviour_n think_v one_o way_n or_o other_o in_o this_o matter_n since_o he_o do_v not_o rebuke_v st._n peter_n for_o resist_v the_o inferior_a officer_n because_o they_o offer_v a_o unjust_a and_o illegal_a violence_n but_o because_o he_o resist_v those_o who_o act_v by_o a_o true_a and_o legal_a commission_n from_o the_o highpriest_n and_o sanhedrim_n who_o suppose_v our_o saviour_n to_o be_v a_o false_a prophet_n m._n if_o this_o distinction_n of_o you_o be_v true_a it_o will_v render_v the_o example_n of_o christ_n suffering_n in_o obedience_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n though_o unjust_o yet_o without_o resistance_n of_o no_o effect_n to_o we_o whereas_o i_o be_o firm_o persuade_v 81._o that_o christ_n take_v such_o a_o mean_a and_o suffer_v a_o person_n upon_o he_o
our_o saviour_n be_v not_o sufficient_a of_o itself_o to_o make_v a_o law_n 100_o but_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o confirmation_n and_o additional_a authority_n of_o his_o own_o apostle_n but_o we_o may_v just_o suspect_v ourselves_o mistake_v in_o the_o meaning_n of_o our_o saviour_n word_n or_o in_o the_o intention_n and_o design_n of_o his_o suffering_n have_v none_o of_o his_o apostle_n who_o be_v immediate_o instruct_v by_o himself_o and_o acquaint_v with_o the_o most_o sacred_a mystery_n of_o his_o kingdom_n ever_o preach_v any_o such_o doctrine_n as_o this_o of_o subjection_n to_o prince_n and_o therefore_o to_o give_v you_o the_o more_o abundant_a assurance_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v plain_o show_v you_o that_o the_o apostle_n teach_v the_o same_o doctrine_n and_o imitate_v the_o example_n of_o their_o great_a master_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o st._n paul_n who_o have_v as_o full_o declare_v himself_o in_o this_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v possible_a any_o man_n can_v do_v 2._o by_o word_n let_v every_o soul_n be_v subject_a unto_o the_o high_a power_n for_o there_o be_v no_o power_n but_o of_o god_n the_o power_n that_o be_v be_v ordain_v of_o god_n whosoever_o therefore_o resist_v the_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o they_o that_o resist_v shall_v receive_v to_o themselves_o damnation_n this_o be_v a_o very_a express_a testimony_n against_o resistance_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v consider_v it_o at_o large_a for_o there_o have_v be_v various_a art_n use_v to_o pervert_v every_o word_n of_o it_o and_o to_o make_v this_o text_n speak_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o design_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o apostle_n in_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v divide_v the_o word_n into_o three_o general_a part_n 1._o the_o doctrine_n the_o apostle_n instruct_v they_o in_o let_v every_o soul_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n 2._o the_o reason_n whereby_o he_o prove_v and_o enforce_v this_o doctrine_n for_o there_o be_v no_o power_n but_o of_o god_n the_o power_n that_o he_o be_v ordain_v of_o god_n whoever_o therefore_o resist_v the_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n the_o punishment_n of_o such_o resistance_n and_o they_o that_o resist_v shall_v receive_v to_o themselves_o damnation_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o doctrine_n 102._o that_o every_o soul_n must_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n and_o here_o be_v three_o thing_n to_o be_v explain_v 1._o who_o be_v contain_v under_o this_o general_a expression_n of_o every_o soul_n 2._o who_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o high_a power_n 3._o what_o be_v mean_v by_o be_v subject_a 1._o who_o be_v contain_v under_o this_o general_a expression_n of_o every_o soul_n which_o by_o a_o ordinary_a hebraism_n signify_v every_o man_n for_o man_n be_v a_o compound_v creature_n of_o body_n and_o soul_n and_o either_o part_n of_o he_o be_v very_o often_o in_o scripture_n put_v for_o the_o whole_a sometime_o flesh_n and_o sometime_o soul_n signify_v the_o man_n and_o when_o every_o soul_n be_v oppose_v to_o the_o high_a power_n it_o must_v signify_v all_o man_n of_o what_o rank_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v who_o be_v not_o invest_v with_o this_o high_a power_n and_o again_o say_v he_o the_o design_n of_o the_o apostle_n as_o you_o shall_v hear_v more_o particular_o by_o and_o by_o be_v to_o forbid_v all_o resistance_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o have_v he_o know_v of_o any_o man_n or_o number_n of_o man_n who_o may_v lawful_o resist_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v express_a it_o in_o such_o general_a term_n as_o to_o forbid_v all_o without_o exception_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v now_o a_o little_a more_o close_o examine_v your_o main_a argument_n or_o indeed_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o you_o have_v urge_v for_o resistance_n viz._n that_o though_o it_o be_v unlawful_a for_o private_a or_o particular_a man_n to_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n yet_o that_o it_o do_v not_o extend_v unto_o the_o whole_a or_o major_a part_n of_o a_o people_n or_o nation_n whenever_o they_o be_v outrageous_o oppress_v it_o or_o assault_v by_o the_o high_a power_n beyond_o what_o they_o suppose_v they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v 103._o whereas_o the_o apostle_n here_o command_v every_o soul_n to_o be_v subject_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v subject_a to_o god_n they_o must_v also_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o prince_n too_o because_o he_o act_n by_o god_n authority_n and_o commission_n be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n the_o people_n creature_n that_o may_v be_v a_o good_a maxim_n rex_fw-la majâ—r_fw-la singulis_fw-la sed_fw-la minor_fw-la universis_fw-la that_o the_o king_n be_v great_a than_o any_o particular_a subject_n but_o less_o than_o all_o together_o but_o if_o he_o be_v god_n minister_n he_o be_v upon_o that_o account_n as_o much_o great_a than_o all_o as_o god_n be_v and_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n altogether_o as_o well_o as_o one_o by_o one_o 104._o be_v equal_o concern_v in_o this_o command_n of_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n be_v evident_a from_o this_o consideration_n that_o nothing_o less_o than_o this_o will_v secure_v the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o humane_a society_n the_o resistance_n of_o single_a person_n be_v more_o dangerous_a to_o themselves_o than_o to_o the_o prince_n but_o a_o powerful_a combination_n of_o rebel_n be_v formidable_a to_o the_o most_o puissant_a monarch_n the_o great_a number_n of_o subject_n rebel_v against_o their_o prince_n the_o more_o do_v they_o distress_v his_o government_n and_o threaten_v his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o if_o his_o person_n and_o authority_n be_v sacred_a the_o great_a the_o violence_n be_v which_o be_v offer_v to_o he_o the_o great_a be_v the_o crime_n have_v the_o apostle_n exhort_v the_o roman_n after_o this_o manner_n let_v no_o private_a and_o single_a man_n be_v so_o foolish_a 104.105_o as_o to_o rebel_v against_o his_o prince_n who_o will_v be_v too_o strong_a for_o he_o but_o â—f_o you_o can_v raise_v sufficient_a force_n to_o oppose_v against_o he_o if_o you_o can_v all_o consent_n to_o depose_v and_o murder_v he_o this_o be_v a_o very_a innocent_a and_o justifiable_a nay_o a_o heroical_a achievement_n which_o become_v a_o freeborn_a people_n how_o will_v this_o have_v secure_v the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o world_n how_o will_v this_o have_v agree_v with_o what_o follow_v that_o prince_n be_v advance_v by_o god_n and_o that_o to_o resist_v our_o prince_n be_v to_o resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o that_o such_o man_n shall_v be_v severe_o punish_v for_o it_o in_o this_o world_n or_o the_o next_o for_o can_v the_o apostle_n be_v think_v absolute_o to_o condemn_v resistance_n if_o he_o make_v it_o only_o unlawful_a to_o resist_v when_o we_o want_v power_n to_o conquer_v which_o yet_o be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v make_v of_o it_o if_o by_o every_o soul_n the_o apostle_n mean_v only_o particular_a man_n not_o the_o unite_a force_n and_o power_n of_o subject_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o reason_n assign_v why_o the_o apostle_n shall_v lay_v so_o strict_a a_o command_n on_o particular_a christian_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n 106._o which_o do_v not_o equal_o concern_v whole_a nation_n for_o if_o it_o can_v ever_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o whole_a nation_n to_o resist_v a_o prince_n it_o may_v in_o the_o same_o circumstance_n be_v equal_o lawful_a for_o a_o particular_a man_n to_o do_v it_o if_o a_o nation_n may_v conspire_v against_o a_o prince_n who_o invade_v their_o right_n their_o liberty_n or_o their_o religion_n why_o may_v not_o any_o man_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n resist_v a_o prince_n when_o his_o single_a right_n and_o liberty_n be_v invade_v 106._o it_o be_v not_o so_o safe_a and_o prudent_a indeed_o for_o a_o private_a man_n to_o resist_v as_o for_o great_a and_o powerful_a number_n but_o this_o make_v resistance_n only_o a_o matter_n of_o discretion_n not_o of_o conscience_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o nation_n to_o resist_v in_o such_o case_n it_o must_v be_v equal_o lawful_a for_o a_o particular_a man_n to_o do_v it_o but_o he_o do_v it_o at_o his_o own_o peril_n when_o he_o have_v only_o his_o own_o single_a force_n to_o oppose_v against_o his_o prince_n so_o that_o our_o apostle_n must_v forbid_v resistance_n in_o all_o man_n or_o none_o for_o single_a person_n do_v not_o use_v to_o resist_v or_o rebel_n or_o there_o be_v no_o great_a danger_n to_o the_o public_a if_o they_o do_v but_o the_o authority_n of_o prince_n and_o the_o security_n of_o public_a government_n be_v only_o endanger_v by_o a_o combination_n of_o rebel_n when_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o any_o considerable_a part_n for_o number_n power_n and_o interest_n take_v arm_n against_o their_o prince_n if_o
may_v they_o not_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n rid_v themselves_o of_o such_o a_o judgement_n as_o intolerable_a tyranny_n when_o they_o be_v able_a and_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o do_v it_o since_o they_o proceed_v from_o the_o like_o common_a dispensation_n of_o god_n providence_n or_o else_o we_o must_v believe_v that_o the_o wickedness_n of_o one_o or_o more_o person_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o civil_a society_n the_o be_v more_o particular_o derive_v from_o god_n than_o the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n for_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o which_o mean_n prince_n will_v have_v the_o same_o power_n and_o right_o over_o their_o subject_n body_n and_o estate_n as_o they_o have_v over_o those_o of_o their_o beast_n to_o sell_v kill_v and_o devour_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n m._n though_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o a_o people_n to_o remove_v natural_a judgement_n by_o human_a mean_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o they_o may_v therefore_o remove_v by_o force_n such_o punishment_n as_o god_n please_v to_o lay_v upon_o they_o from_o the_o abuse_n of_o civil_a authority_n by_o the_o supreme_a power_n since_o he_o have_v particular_o enjoin_v they_o to_o bear_v such_o punishment_n patient_o without_o any_o resistance_n because_o they_o be_v inflict_v by_o those_o who_o god_n have_v ordain_v for_o our_o temporal_a governor_n and_o master_n and_o who_o violence_n and_o oppression_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o their_o sin_n god_n have_v very_o good_a reason_n to_o continue_v upon_o they_o and_o if_o they_o repent_v they_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o in_o his_o good_a time_n he_o will_v either_o remove_v they_o or_o turn_v they_o to_o the_o best_a for_o all_o thing_n even_a affliction_n work_v for_o the_o good_a of_o they_o that_o fear_v he_o and_o god_n will_v not_o suffer_v those_o that_o trust_v in_o he_o to_o be_v afflict_v beyond_o what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o â—ear_v and_o if_o this_o doctrine_n of_o you_o may_v take_v place_n both_o servant_n and_o child_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n may_v upon_o the_o like_a pretence_n both_o resist_v and_o turn_v their_o father_n and_o master_n out_o of_o door_n because_o forsooth_o their_o government_n be_v so_o severe_a and_o tyrannical_a that_o it_o be_v not_o any_o long_a to_o be_v endure_v by_o they_o and_o though_o such_o severe_a father_n or_o master_n may_v be_v ordain_v by_o god_n for_o the_o punishment_n of_o such_o wicked_a child_n and_o servant_n yet_o that_o be_v no_o more_o than_o other_o natural_a judgement_n they_o may_v be_v without_o any_o sin_n remove_v by_o force_n or_o resistance_n when_o ever_o they_o think_v themselves_o strong_a enough_o to_o do_v it_o and_o if_o this_o doctrine_n be_v wicked_a and_o absurd_a in_o private_a family_n then_o be_v it_o much_o more_o so_o in_o kingdom_n for_o certain_o there_o be_v as_o perfect_v a_o subjection_n due_a to_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n as_o to_o a_o father_n or_o mâ—ster_n for_o he_o be_v more_o eminent_o the_o minister_n of_o god_n and_o act_n by_o a_o more_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a authority_n and_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a that_o the_o precep_v give_v to_o servant_n by_o st._n peter_n do_v not_o concern_v subject_n i_o think_v i_o can_v very_o well_o prove_v that_o it_o do_v as_o appear_v from_o the_o example_n of_o christ_n which_o the_o apostle_n there_o recommend_v to_o our_o imitation_n who_o be_v the_o most_o innocent_a person_n in_o the_o world_n and_o yet_o suffer_v the_o most_o barbarous_a usage_n not_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o private_a master_n but_o of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o therefore_o when_o he_o command_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n to_o submit_v to_o governor_n as_o to_o those_o who_o be_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o evil_a doer_n and_o the_o praise_n of_o they_o that_o do_v well_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o he_o do_v not_o intend_v this_o as_o a_o limitation_n of_o our_o subjection_n or_o as_o if_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o be_v subject_a in_o other_o case_n since_o in_o the_o very_a same_o chapter_n he_o require_v subjection_n not_o only_o to_o the_o good_a and_o gentle_a master_n but_o also_o to_o the_o froward_a in_o imitation_n of_o the_o example_n of_o our_o lord_n who_o suffer_v patient_o under_o unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a power_n i_o observe_v therefore_o that_o the_o apostle_n do_v not_o allege_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n of_o our_o subjection_n but_o as_o a_o motive_n or_o argument_n to_o reconcile_v we_o to_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o our_o submission_n to_o prince_n be_v that_o they_o be_v advance_v by_o god_n that_o they_o be_v his_o minister_n that_o those_o who_o resist_v they_o resi_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v submit_v for_o god_n sake_n out_o of_o reverence_n to_o his_o authority_n but_o it_o be_v only_o a_o encouragement_n to_o subjection_n to_o consider_v the_o great_a advantage_n of_o government_n that_o ruler_n be_v not_o a_o terror_n to_o good_a work_n but_o to_o the_o evil._n but_o though_o this_o motive_n shall_v fail_v in_o some_o instance_n yet_o whilst_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o subjection_n last_v and_o that_o can_v never_o fail_v whilst_o we_o own_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n of_o god_n so_o long_o it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o be_v subject_n whether_o our_o prince_n do_v his_o duty_n or_o not_o f._n although_o what_o you_o have_v now_o reply_v be_v no_o more_o in_o effect_n than_o â—_o repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o yet_o i_o forgive_v it_o since_o your_o cause_n will_v admit_v no_o other_o nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o natural_a judgement_n may_v 〈◊〉_d remove_v by_o force_n or_o natural_a mean_n but_o not_o moral_a or_o civil_a one_o unless_o you_o can_v also_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v god_n express_a command_n that_o we_o may_v remove_v the_o one_o but_o not_o the_o other_o nor_o have_v you_o prove_v it_o otherwise_o than_o by_o tell_v i_o that_o prince_n be_v god_n ordinance_n and_o be_v endue_v with_o irresistible_a power_n all_o which_o have_v be_v already_o consider_v and_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o it_o be_v neither_o command_v by_o god_n nor_o yet_o ordain_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o though_o i_o own_o that_o affliction_n may_v sometime_o serve_v for_o a_o punishment_n of_o a_o sinful_a nation_n yet_o it_o be_v as_o likely_a that_o such_o a_o great_a and_o last_a punishment_n as_o a_o merciless_a tyrant_n may_v as_o well_o bring_v the_o people_n to_o repentance_n and_o when_o they_o be_v sufficient_o amend_v they_o may_v very_o well_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o it_o and_o they_o may_v as_o well_o expect_v that_o god_n will_v bless_v all_o lawful_a mean_n for_o that_o end_n whereof_o i_o take_v resistance_n or_o self-defence_n to_o be_v the_o principal_a since_o miracle_n be_v cease_v and_o of_o this_o we_o have_v a_o example_n in_o the_o 2_o d._n of_o king_n chap._n 18._o for_o though_o ahaz_n the_o father_n of_o ezekiah_n have_v submit_v himself_o and_o become_v tributary_n to_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n yet_o when_o hâ—zekâ—ah_n his_o son_n turn_v to_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o be_v with_o he_o and_o that_o he_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n and_o serve_v he_o not_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v then_o as_o much_o subject_n to_o he_o as_o jehoiachin_n or_o zedekiah_n be_v afterward_o to_o nabuchadnezzar_n so_o that_o all_o that_o be_v new_a in_o this_o answer_n of_o you_o be_v only_o the_o fatal_a consequence_n that_o it_o will_v bring_v upon_o all_o family_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n for_o then_o forsooth_o children_n and_o servant_n may_v likewise_o pretend_v that_o the_o government_n of_o their_o father_n and_o master_n be_v so_o insupportable_a that_o it_o be_v no_o long_o to_o be_v endure_v and_o so_o may_v rebel_v against_o they_o and_o depose_v they_o which_o do_v by_o no_o mean_n follow_v for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o first_o conversation_n that_o some_o sort_n of_o resistance_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o limb_n may_v be_v lawful_a against_o the_o outrage_n or_o violence_n of_o a_o father_n or_o master_n of_o a_o family_n yet_o do_v i_o by_o no_o mean_n allow_v that_o they_o shall_v resist_v they_o for_o any_o other_o correction_n or_o severe_a usage_n which_o they_o shall_v inflict_v upon_o they_o since_o servant_n or_o slave_n whilst_o they_o continue_v under_o their_o master_n power_n can_v have_v no_o liberty_n or_o property_n of_o their_o own_o to_o defend_v and_o a_o son_n whilst_o he_o remain_v part_n of_o his_o father_n family_n i_o grant_v differ_v not_o from_o a_o servant_n so_o that_o all_o that_o
aught_o to_o be_v do_v either_o by_o son_n or_o servant_n in_o case_n the_o government_n of_o their_o father_n or_o master_n grow_v so_o cruel_a and_o tyrannical_a as_o not_o to_o be_v endure_v be_v to_o run_v away_o and_o leave_v their_o family_n and_o thus_o we_o read_v that_o hagar_n upon_o the_o severe_a usage_n of_o sarah_n her_o mistress_n flee_v from_o she_o nor_o be_v blame_v by_o the_o angel_n for_o so_o do_v nor_o be_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v to_o prove_v the_o subjection_n of_o servant_n and_o slave_n to_o be_v as_o absolute_a the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o at_o all_o convince_a for_o i_o have_v long_o since_o prove_v that_o a_o family_n and_o a_o kingdom_n be_v very_o different_a thing_n and_o that_o oeconomical_a and_o civil_a power_n do_v not_o only_o differ_v in_o specie_fw-la but_o in_o genere_fw-la too_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o slavery_n may_v begin_v by_o compact_a as_o well_o as_o by_o war_n yet_o subjection_n to_o civil_a power_n can_v regular_o commence_v by_o compact_a only_o and_o therefore_o since_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o mankind_n be_v that_o of_o freedom_n from_o slavery_n all_o subject_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o that_o state_n of_o freedom_n and_o to_o have_v a_o right_a both_o to_o their_o liberty_n and_o property_n which_o if_o the_o supreme_a power_n go_v about_o forcible_o to_o take_v away_o they_o then_o cease_v to_o be_v so_o since_o they_o take_v away_o the_o main_a end_n of_o their_o institution_n i_o mean_v this_o of_o such_o a_o people_n who_o be_v proper_o subject_n and_o not_o slave_n for_o of_o those_o who_o own_v themselves_o to_o be_v slave_n to_o their_o prince_n i_o tell_v you_o already_o i_o will_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o meddle_v since_o i_o doubt_v whether_o such_o a_o empire_n can_v be_v call_v a_o civil_a government_n or_o not_o so_o that_o for_o all_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o say_v i_o must_v still_o believe_v st._n peter_n do_v not_o direct_v this_o precept_n to_o subject_n but_o to_o servant_n under_o the_o yoke_n that_o be_v to_o slave_n such_o as_o have_v no_o property_n in_o any_o thing_n nor_o power_n over_o their_o own_o person_n but_o may_v be_v sell_v and_o assign_v with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n to_o who_o soever_o their_o master_n please_v which_o though_o not_o of_o divine_a institution_n yet_o since_o it_o be_v so_o ordain_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o empire_n neither_o jesus_n christ_n nor_o yet_o his_o apostle_n will_v make_v any_o alteration_n in_o it_o nor_o have_v he_o think_v fit_a to_o do_v so_o in_o any_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o enjoy_v as_o our_o civil_a or_o natural_a right_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o our_o country_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o there_o be_v as_o perfect_v a_o subjection_n due_a to_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n as_o to_o a_o master_n unless_o the_o people_n of_o that_o nation_n have_v make_v themselves_o absolute_a slave_n to_o he_o instead_o of_o subject_n which_o can_v never_o be_v but_o by_o their_o own_o consent_n it_o be_v true_a a_o prince_n be_v more_o eminent_o the_o minister_n of_o god_n and_o act_n by_o a_o more_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a authority_n than_o a_o master_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o act_n as_o god_n minister_n or_o by_o this_o sacred_a or_o inviolable_a authority_n when_o he_o destroy_v or_o enslave_v the_o subject_n nor_o can_v you_o say_v that_o god_n have_v give_v he_o any_o authority_n so_o to_o do_v and_o as_o for_o the_o example_n of_o christ_n suffer_v which_o you_o urge_v as_o a_o reason_n of_o our_o absolute_a subjection_n to_o prince_n without_o any_o resistance_n i_o have_v answer_v that_o already_o and_o therefore_o need_v say_v no_o more_o to_o it_o but_o do_v own_o that_o in_o that_o great_a point_n of_o suffer_v for_o religion_n when_o we_o be_v lawful_o call_v thereunto_o we_o be_v to_o follow_v his_o example_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o we_o be_v to_o suffer_v in_o all_o other_o case_n whatsoever_o concern_v which_o he_o have_v give_v we_o no_o express_a precept_n or_o command_n m._n i_o have_v something_o more_o to_o say_v to_o you_o about_o this_o matter_n of_o suffer_v for_o religion_n but_o i_o shall_v defer_v it_o at_o present_a and_o shall_v only_o now_o consider_v the_o evil_a consequence_n of_o your_o argument_n for_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o the_o sum_n of_o which_o 8._o if_o i_o can_v well_o remember_v be_v to_o this_o effect_n shall_v a_o prince_n be_v free_a from_o all_o correction_n till_o god_n almighty_n be_v please_v to_o chastise_v he_o must_v i_o sit_v still_o and_o suffer_v my_o throat_n to_o be_v cut_v my_o estate_n ruin_v and_o not_o dare_v in_o any_o case_n to_o defend_v myself_o till_o god_n be_v please_v to_o interpose_v and_o that_o in_o a_o age_n in_o which_o miracle_n be_v cease_v god_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n please_v to_o respite_v the_o punishment_n of_o oppressors_n till_o the_o next_o world_n and_o if_o i_o be_v ruin_v in_o this_o what_o comfort_n be_v it_o to_o i_o or_o i_o that_o the_o injury_n shall_v be_v punish_v when_o i_o shall_v reap_v no_o advantage_n by_o it_o 9_o and_o suppose_v the_o subject_n of_o such_o a_o prince_n shall_v succeed_v in_o their_o rebellion_n and_o prevail_v against_o he_o they_o must_v then_o submit_v to_o another_o prince_n of_o who_o they_o have_v no_o more_o assurance_n they_o shall_v be_v better_o treat_v and_o if_o they_o set_v up_o many_o they_o be_v all_o man_n and_o subject_a to_o be_v corrupt_v by_o power_n and_o greatness_n and_o in_o a_o anarchy_n every_o man_n will_v become_v a_o tyrant_n to_o his_o neighbour_n so_o that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o curb_v and_o resist_a prince_n be_v calculate_v for_o the_o ruin_n of_o mankind_n and_o tend_v to_o no_o body_n good_a but_o they_o who_o design_n thereby_o to_o gain_v a_o power_n of_o do_v to_o other_o what_o they_o pretend_v to_o fear_v and_o when_o all_o be_v do_v the_o punishment_n of_o prince_n who_o abuse_v their_o power_n must_v be_v leave_v to_o god_n almighty_a who_o only_o can_v and_o will_v punish_v his_o own_o minister_n now_o suppose_v all_o this_o be_v just_a as_o it_o be_v state_v if_o the_o injury_n a_o man_n suffer_v be_v insupportable_a under_o any_o government_n he_o may_v petition_v for_o relief_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n find_v it_o if_o not_o he_o may_v fly_v into_o another_o country_n for_o succour_n if_o he_o can_v do_v that_o neither_o he_o will_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v never_o so_o justifiable_a it_o can_v be_v of_o no_o use_n to_o any_o such_o miserable_a man_n for_o no_o prince_n though_o never_o so_o ill_o nature_a will_v attempt_v any_o such_o thing_n against_o any_o such_o number_n of_o man_n as_o be_v in_o a_o capacity_n of_o revenge_v the_o wrong_n do_v they_o when_o they_o will_v only_o out_o of_o hope_n they_o will_v not_o because_o they_o ought_v not_o nor_o will_v the_o history_n of_o all_o age_n put_v together_o afford_v one_o instance_n of_o a_o monarch_n that_o ever_o injure_v any_o man_n at_o this_o rate_n who_o he_o believe_v able_a if_o willing_a to_o revenge_v the_o wrong_n but_o that_o he_o take_v care_n as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v to_o prevent_v it_o and_o either_o to_o take_v he_o out_o of_o the_o way_n or_o to_o put_v he_o out_o of_o a_o possibility_n of_o a_o retaliation_n so_o that_o all_o discontent_a fretful_a rhetoric_n be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o any_o such_o case_n but_o then_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o every_o ambitious_a and_o factious_a man_n may_v be_v leave_v at_o liberty_n to_o insinuate_v into_o the_o rabble_n and_o the_o great_a and_o little_a vulgar_a that_o prince_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v when_o they_o do_v amiss_o that_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o act_n according_a to_o law_n and_o to_o their_o oath_n and_o if_o they_o do_v otherwise_o be_v present_o to_o be_v treat_v as_o tyrant_n and_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o mankind_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o man_n to_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n of_o his_o prince_n etc._n etc._n this_o can_v only_o serve_v to_o fill_v the_o world_n with_o rebellion_n war_n and_o confusion_n in_o which_o more_o thousand_o of_o man_n and_o estate_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v ruin_v and_o wife_n ravish_v and_o murder_v in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o few_o day_n than_o can_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o worst_a tyrant_n that_o ever_o tread_v upon_o the_o earth_n among_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o the_o space_n of_o many_o year_n or_o of_o his_o whole_a life_n f._n i_o perceive_v you_o think_v this_o place_n of_o
same_o thing_n which_o as_o st._n paul_n tell_v we_o signify_v 142._o nonresistance_n only_o as_o st._n paul_n speak_v only_o of_o not_o resist_v the_o high_a power_n that_o be_v emperor_n and_o sovereign_a prince_n herein_o include_v all_o those_o who_o act_n by_o their_o authority_n and_o st._n peter_n to_o prevent_v all_o cavil_n and_o exception_n distinct_o mention_n both_o that_o we_o must_v submit_v to_o all_o humane_a power_n and_o authority_n not_o only_o to_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a that_o be_v in_o st._n paul_n phrase_n to_o the_o high_a power_n to_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o supreme_a authority_n but_o also_o to_o those_o who_o be_v send_v by_o he_o who_o receive_v their_o authority_n and_o commission_n from_o the_o sovereign_a prince_n f._n you_o may_v spare_v your_o pain_n for_o make_v any_o long_a explanation_n on_o this_o text_n for_o i_o have_v already_o grant_v that_o all_o due_a submission_n be_v to_o be_v give_v not_o only_o to_o the_o supreme_a power_n but_o also_o to_o all_o those_o who_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n under_o they_o and_o that_o not_o only_o for_o wrath_n but_o for_o conscience_n sake_n yet_o be_v this_o place_n to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o the_o former_a that_o be_v as_o far_o as_o they_o make_v use_v of_o this_o power_n for_o the_o great_a end_n of_o government_n viz._n the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o people_n and_o not_o for_o their_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n by_o take_v away_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o property_n at_o their_o pleasure_n so_o that_o this_o precept_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o reason_n which_o both_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n give_v for_o this_o submission_n because_o ruler_n be_v not_o a_o terror_n to_o good_a work_n but_o to_o the_o evil_a and_o because_o such_o governor_n be_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o evil-doer_n and_o for_o the_o praise_n of_o they_o that_o do_v well_o and_o even_o a_o government_n where_o a_o heathen_a prince_n have_v such_o supreme_a power_n may_v and_o do_v most_o common_o in_o respect_n to_o most_o of_o its_o subject_n give_v more_o countenance_n and_o encouragement_n to_o good_a work_n than_o bad_a one_o and_o therefore_o obedience_n to_o such_o a_o sort_n of_o governor_n be_v not_o only_o lawful_a but_o a_o duty_n nay_o though_o through_o ignorance_n and_o malice_n they_o may_v persecute_v the_o true_a religion_n for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o write_v of_o these_o epistle_n there_o be_v no_o actual_a persecution_n begin_v by_o the_o roman_a emperor_n against_o the_o christian_n and_o though_o they_o do_v afterward_o persecute_v they_o yet_o even_o such_o as_o do_v so_o be_v common_o man_n of_o good_a moral_n and_o have_v much_o of_o goodness_n justice_n and_o prudence_n in_o their_o nature_n such_o as_o be_v trajan_n and_o the_o two_o antoninâ—u's_fw-mi they_o will_v not_o fail_v extreme_o to_o encourage_v the_o practice_n of_o such_o and_o other_o virtue_n by_o their_o example_n and_o by_o good_a law_n preserve_v their_o subject_n from_o the_o mischief_n of_o immorality_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o order_n peace_n and_o sobriety_n but_o be_v it_o true_a when_o tyrant_n be_v they_o usurper_n or_o not_o not_o only_o govern_v contrary_a to_o but_o also_o subvert_v all_o the_o end_n of_o government_n m._n if_o this_o be_v the_o sense_n you_o put_v upon_o this_o place_n i_o think_v i_o shall_v easy_o show_v you_o not_o only_o the_o absurdity_n but_o perniciousness_n of_o this_o interpretation_n which_o indeed_o do_v undermine_v all_o that_o obedience_n and_o subjection_n that_o be_v due_a from_o subject_n to_o their_o sovereign_n unless_o they_o rule_v well_o that_o be_v according_a to_o their_o humour_n or_o fancy_n now_o i_o pray_v consider_v whether_o these_o great_a apostle_n intend_v to_o oblige_v the_o christian_n of_o that_o age_n to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o those_o power_n which_o then_o govern_v the_o world_n if_o they_o do_v as_o i_o think_v no_o man_n will_v be_v so_o hardly_o as_o to_o say_v 150._o that_o they_o do_v not_o than_o it_o will_v be_v proper_a to_o inquire_v whether_o what_o they_o here_o affirm_v and_o assign_v as_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o subjection_n that_o ruler_n be_v not_o a_o terror_n to_o good_a work_n but_o to_o the_o evil_a be_v true_a of_o the_o than_o roman_a emperor_n and_o governor_n or_o not_o if_o it_o be_v true_a than_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v hold_v true_a of_o all_o king_n in_o all_o age_n of_o the_o world_n for_o there_o can_v well_o be_v great_a tyrant_n than_o the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v at_o this_o time_n and_o so_o this_o will_v prove_v a_o eternal_a reason_n why_o we_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o prince_n notwithstanding_o the_o many_o fault_n and_o miscarriage_n of_o their_o government_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o true_a it_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o two_o such_o great_a apostle_n shall_v use_v such_o a_o argument_n to_o persuade_v christian_n to_o submit_v to_o the_o power_n as_o only_o prove_v the_o quite_o contrary_a that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o present_a power_n because_o they_o be_v unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a and_o which_o indeed_o in_o contradiction_n to_o the_o original_a design_n and_o institution_n of_o civil_a power_n weâ—e_v a_o terror_n to_o good_a work_n and_o not_o to_o the_o evil._n the_o christian_n be_v at_o this_o time_n actual_o persecute_v by_o the_o jew_n in_o palestine_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o then_o also_o persecute_v by_o the_o emperor_n yet_o it_o be_v that_o which_o they_o may_v daily_o expect_v consider_v their_o extraordinary_a wickedness_n and_o cruelty_n and_o yet_o the_o apostle_n exhort_v they_o not_o to_o resist_v the_o power_n because_o they_o be_v not_o that_o be_v shall_v not_o be_v a_o terror_n to_o good_a work_n but_o to_o the_o evil._n if_o by_o this_o he_o only_a mean_n ibid._n that_o they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o they_o while_o the_o encourage_v virtue_n and_o virtuous_a man_n but_o may_v rebel_v against_o they_o when_o they_o do_v the_o contrary_a how_o can_v the_o christian_n of_o those_o day_n think_v themselves_o oblige_v by_o this_o to_o submit_v to_o the_o high_a power_n for_o this_o be_v not_o their_o case_n they_o suffer_v for_o righteousness_n sake_n the_o supreme_a power_n be_v a_o terror_n to_o they_o though_o they_o be_v innocent_a though_o they_o can_v not_o charge_v they_o either_o with_o break_v the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man_n and_o therefore_o upon_o your_o principle_n they_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o submit_v to_o they_o whenever_o they_o can_v find_v it_o safe_a to_o resist_v so_o that_o either_o you_o put_v a_o false_a comment_n upon_o the_o text_n or_o while_o the_o apostle_n undertake_v to_o deter_v they_o from_o resistance_n he_o urge_v such_o a_o argument_n as_o be_v proper_a only_o to_o persuade_v they_o to_o rebel_v f._n have_v you_o be_v please_v to_o 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i_o be_o your_o humble_a servant_n f._n sir_n i_o be_o you_o finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o king_n be_v the_o sole_a supreme_a legislative_a power_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o whether_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v a_o fundamental_a part_n of_o the_o government_n or_o else_o proceed_v from_o the_o favour_n and_o concession_n of_o former_a king_n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o five_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z and_o four_o dialogue_n 1692._o the_o bookseller_n advertisement_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o author_n have_v order_v i_o to_o beg_v your_o pardon_n on_o his_o behalf_n that_o he_o have_v make_v bold_a in_o this_o discourse_n to_o deviate_v from_o the_o method_n he_o at_o first_o propose_v for_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o ensue_a dialogue_n since_o instead_o of_o treat_v of_o the_o original_a of_o civil_a authority_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n it_o be_v derive_v from_o god_n and_o in_o what_o from_o the_o people_n as_o he_o promise_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o first_o discourse_n he_o have_v now_o make_v the_o supreme_a legislative_a power_n and_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o our_o government_n together_o with_o the_o antiquity_n of_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o this_o nation_n whether_o they_o always_o consist_v of_o bishop_n baron_n or_o temporal_a lord_n and_o commons_o or_o not_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o ensue_a dialogue_n so_o that_o thâ—se_a grand_a question_n take_v up_o two_o entire_a discourse_n have_v the_o author_n pursue_v the_o method_n he_o at_o first_o propose_v
and_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n make_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o king_n sovereignty_n independent_a from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v express_o assert_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o express_o declare_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o free_a that_o it_o be_v under_o no_o earthly_a subjection_n but_o immediate_o subject_a to_o god_n in_o all_o thing_n touch_v the_o regality_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o no_o other_o and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o express_o declare_v that_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v a_o empire_n govern_v by_o one_o supreme_a head_n and_o king_n and_o the_o crown_n or_o royal_a authority_n be_v also_o thereby_o declare_v imperial_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v therein_o stiâ—ed_v king_n or_o emperor_n of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o man_n needs_o to_o doubt_v where_o the_o supreme_a or_o 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and_o create_v new_a dignity_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a as_o also_o to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n to_o make_v law_n and_o in_o short_a to_o do_v all_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o monarch_n and_o that_o he_o alone_o be_v the_o sole_a sovereign_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n glaâ—vil_n and_o fortescue_n plain_o declare_v the_o former_a of_o which_o 10._o say_v thus_o rex_fw-la nullum_fw-la labour_n potest_fw-la parem_fw-la multò_fw-la minùs_fw-la superiorem_fw-la the_o same_o thing_n be_v also_o repeat_v by_o bracton_n and_o a_o very_a good_a reason_n give_v for_o it_o in_o these_o word_n 9_o omnis_fw-la quidem_fw-la sub_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n nisi_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la parem_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la svo_fw-la quia_fw-la sic_fw-la amitteret_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la command_v cum_fw-la par_fw-fr in_fw-la parem_fw-la non_fw-la â—abeâ—_n imperium_fw-la item_n nâ—c_fw-la multò_fw-la fortius_fw-la superiorem_fw-la nec_fw-la potentiorem_fw-la habere_fw-la debeâ—_n quia_fw-la sic_fw-la esset_fw-la inferior_a sibi_fw-la subjectis_fw-la &_o inferiores_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la f._n but_o pray_v read_v what_o immediate_o follow_v ipse_fw-la autem_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la sub_fw-la bomine_fw-la sed_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o sub_fw-la lâ—ge_a quia_fw-la lex_fw-la facit_fw-la regem_fw-la attribuat_fw-la igitur_fw-la rex_fw-la legi_fw-la quod_fw-la lex_fw-la attribuit_fw-la ei_fw-la viz._n dominatiorem_fw-la &_o potestatem_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la ubi_fw-la dominatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o â—on_v lex_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v subject_a or_o inferior_a to_o no_o particular_a private_a man_n yet_o that_o he_o have_v a_o superior_a or_o master_n within_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o god_n and_o the_o law_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n appear_v by_o a_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n 16._o in_o the_o second_o book_n rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiorem_fw-la deum_fw-la item_n legem_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la item_n curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la viz._n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n quia_fw-la comites_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la quasi_fw-la sociè_fw-fr regis_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la habet_fw-la socium_fw-la habet_fw-la magistrum_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sinâ—_n froena_fw-la i._n e._n lego_n debent_fw-la ei_fw-la froenum_fw-la ponere_fw-la from_o which_o word_n it_o seem_v apparent_a to_o i_o that_o this_o author_n think_v the_o king_n be_v not_o only_o inferior_a to_o the_o law_n but_o be_v also_o to_o his_o court_n of_o parliament_n call_v here_o curia_n baronâ—â—_n who_o may_v bridle_n or_o restrain_v he_o if_o he_o transgrese_v the_o law_n which_o be_v here_o call_v the_o king_n briale_a nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v how_o this_o 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make_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a war_n against_o he_o but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n hereafter_o to_o course_n further_o on_o this_o subject_a i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v to_o you_o from_o divers_a other_o passage_n out_o of_o bracton_n 41._o and_o that_o old_a treatise_n call_v fleta_n that_o it_o be_v no_o political_a superiority_n in_o the_o curia_fw-la baronum_fw-la but_o only_o a_o directive_n power_n or_o moral_a superiority_n which_o they_o have_v of_o advertise_v the_o king_n of_o any_o arbitrary_a proceed_v or_o injustice_n he_o shall_v happen_v to_o do_v and_o by_o complaint_n admonition_n and_o entreat_v to_o impose_v upon_o he_o to_o amend_v the_o same_o according_a to_o his_o oath_n but_o not_o by_o coaction_n or_o constraint_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n they_o may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o moral_a way_n to_o put_v the_o bridle_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o he_o which_o may_v be_v call_v civil_a resistance_n but_o as_o for_o military_a resistance_n against_o a_o unjust_a king_n it_o be_v as_o inconsistent_a with_o our_o english_a government_n as_o with_o any_o other_o monarchy_n in_o the_o world_n but_o you_o very_o much_o mistake_v if_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o supreme_a 29._o because_o he_o be_v limit_v by_o law_n which_o rea_o be_v no_o objection_n because_o a_o sovereign_n without_o any_o diminution_n to_o his_o sovereignty_n may_v be_v limit_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n either_o by_o his_o own_o act_n or_o condescension_n or_o else_o by_o those_o of_o his_o predecessor_n under_o who_o he_o claim_v this_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v no_o supreme_a power_n in_o heaven_n or_o in_o earth_n which_o be_v not_o limit_v and_o confine_v in_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o thus_o the_o omnipotent_a power_n of_o god_n himself_o be_v limit_v by_o his_o own_o wisdom_n goodness_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v himself_o so_o likewise_o the_o power_n of_o all_o absolute_a unlimited_a monarch_n be_v only_o so_o comparative_o with_o respect_n to_o positive_a law_n but_o as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n which_o
stand_v but_o every_o general_a rule_n may_v have_v some_o exception_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n seven_o about_o which_o time_n that_o usual_a clause_n at_o the_o special_a instance_n or_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o begin_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o be_v laiâ—_n aside_o and_o that_o of_o their_o advice_n or_o assent_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o place_n thereof_o for_o which_o i_o do_v refer_v you_o to_o the_o statute-book_n at_o large_a which_o form_n i_o confess_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n yet_o even_o in_o hen._n 7th_n time_n in_o the_o first_o of_o that_o king_n and_o the_o seven_o chap._n it_o run_v in_o this_o style_n the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o his_o noble_a and_o abundant_a grace_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a at_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o say_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o ordain_v and_o though_o 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voluntate_fw-la regis_fw-la teâ—â—ere_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la consilio_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la suoâ—an_fw-la rege_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la praesâ—aâ—â—e_fw-la &_o babâ—â—a_fw-la super_fw-la hoâ—_n deliberatâ—one_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o time_n when_o this_o author_n write_v the_o king_n can_v do_v no_o more_o by_o his_o prerogative_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v he_o to_o do_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v his_o will_n and_o authority_n that_o give_v vigour_n to_o the_o law_n yet_o this_o only_a as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o parliament_n and_o in_o those_o act_n which_o have_v before_o receive_v the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n here_o call_v the_o king_n magistrate_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v do_v what_o you_o can_v to_o confound_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n declaration_n or_o writ_n explain_v and_o enforce_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n or_o else_o interpret_n former_a act_n of_o 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judge_n nor_o do_v the_o privy_a council_n ever_o exercise_v any_o judicial_a authority_n in_o parliament_n as_o this_o council_n do_v in_o those_o day_n but_o that_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v see_v the_o statute_n of_o escheator_n make_v 29_o edw._n i._o dorso_n and_o in_o the_o placita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la of_o that_o year_n the_o statute_n run_v thus_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la regis_fw-la concordatum_fw-la est_fw-la coram_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la ipso_fw-la consentiente_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n it_o be_v clear_o explain_v who_o be_v of_o this_o council_n their_o name_n be_v there_o particular_o recite_v viz._n all_o the_o great_a officer_n abovementioned_a together_o with_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o justice_n itinerant_a etc._n etc._n which_o be_v likewise_o explain_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v 9_o edw._n 2._o rex_fw-la voluit_fw-la quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la thesaurarius_fw-la barones_n soaccarii_fw-la justiâ—iarii_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la londin_n 9_o existente_fw-la convenirent_fw-la i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o two_o more_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n in_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a privy_a council_n 97._o the_o first_o be_v in_o placit_fw-la parliament_n 2_o edw._n 3._o in_o a_o cause_n betwixt_o thomas_n fitz-peter_n and_o alienora_n wife_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la the_o record_n be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o to_o the_o justice_n et_fw-la si_fw-la difficultas_fw-la aliqua_fw-la subfuerit_fw-la quare_fw-la praemissa_fw-la facere_fw-la non_fw-la possâ—tis_fw-la tunâ—_n placitum_fw-la illâ—â—d_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o prox._n parliamentum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la udjornetis_fw-gr ut_fw-la ibidem_fw-la â—unc_fw-la inde_fw-la 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will_v not_o affirm_v that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a authority_n of_o bishop_n as_o to_o their_o right_n of_o meet_v in_o public_a synod_n or_o council_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o crown_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v no_o more_o then_o that_o all_o such_o jurisdiction_n be_v immediate_o derive_v from_o the_o king_n though_o original_o from_o the_o people_n which_o fortesove_n call_v potestatem_fw-la à _fw-la populo_fw-la effuxiam_fw-la and_o by_o they_o entrust_v with_o he_o as_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n to_o distribute_v it_o to_o all_o inferior_a court_n which_o yet_o he_o can_v at_o this_o day_n create_v anew_o without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o this_o will_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n themselves_o since_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v by_o undeniable_a testimony_n that_o that_o constitution_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o english_a nation_n itself_o m._n i_o see_v you_o have_v a_o 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the_o conduct_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o right_o of_o conquest_n all_o the_o land_n of_o each_o kingdom_n belong_v to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o though_o they_o canton_v they_o out_o into_o share_n to_o their_o captain_n and_o soldier_n according_a to_o each_o man_n valour_n or_o desert_n yet_o do_v this_o whole_o proceed_v from_o their_o bounty_n and_o favour_n who_o may_v have_v keep_v the_o whole_a to_o themselves_o if_o they_o have_v please_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o also_o long_o before_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n and_o if_o so_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o according_a to_o your_o own_o principle_n all_o our_o other_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n must_v have_v be_v derive_v from_o he_o since_o you_o have_v already_o assert_v that_o whoever_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n of_o a_o country_n he_o be_v so_o also_o 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deputy_n to_o their_o great_a council_n at_o all_o and_o since_o the_o government_n of_o england_n as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v do_v very_o much_o resemble_v that_o why_o may_v it_o not_o be_v so_o here_o too_o f._n i_o think_v your_o reply_n have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o what_o you_o have_v already_o urge_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o lie_v upon_o your_o side_n to_o prove_v that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n be_v or_o chief_a thanes_z have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n and_o wheâ—â—_n you_o can_v prove_v that_o you_o may_v do_v something_o but_o what_o i_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o our_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n be_v not_o so_o little_a to_o the_o purpose_n as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o it_o confirm_v that_o right_n of_o prescription_n which_o all_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n be_v england_n do_v claim_n of_o senâ—ing_a member_n to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o pray_v 〈◊〉_d what_o mr._n lambard_n a_o person_n who_o all_o the_o learned_a own_o extreme_o know_v in_o the_o english_a saxon_a government_n tell_v we_o on_o this_o subject_a etc._n in_o his_o archeion_n in_o these_o word_n that_o whereas_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n viz._n those_o make_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n he_o there_o mention_n all_o the_o act_n be_v say_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n and_o â—is_n wiseman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n each_o statute_n be_v thus_o and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o his_o wiseman_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v then_o a_o receive_a form_n of_o speech_n to_o signify_v both_o the_o spirituality_n and_o laity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o great_a nobility_n and_o the_o less_o or_o commons_o by_o this_o one_o word_n witena_n i._n e._n wiseman_n now_o as_o these_o write_a authority_n do_v undoubted_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o parliament_n so_o be_v there_o also_o unwritten_a law_n or_o prescription_n 〈◊〉_d do_v no_o less_o infallible_o uphold_v the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o in_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o realm_n a_o great_a many_o burrough_n do_v yet_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v nevertheless_o so_o ancient_a and_o so_o long_o since_o decay_v and_o go_v to_o nought_o that_o it_o can_v be_v show_v that_o they_o have_v be_v of_o any_o reputation_n at_o any_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o much_o lesâ—_n than_o they_o have_v obtain_v this_o privilege_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n succeed_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o interest_n which_o they_o have_v in_o parliament_n grow_v by_o a_o ancient_a usage_n before_o the_o conquest_n whereof_o they_o can_v show_v any_o beginning_n which_o thing_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o a_o contrary_a usage_n in_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v likewise_o know_v that_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la do_v prescribe_v in_o not_o send_v to_o the_o parliament_n for_o which_o reason_n also_o they_o be_v neither_o contributer_n to_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n neither_o be_v they_o bind_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n though_o the_o same_o be_v general_o pen_v and_o do_v make_v no_o exception_n of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v no_o ancient_a demesne_n save_v that_o only_a which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v such_o as_o either_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o make_v the_o book_n or_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n that_o be_v before_o he_o and_o so_o again_o if_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n prescribe_v not_o to_o elect_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n then_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o parliament_n before_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o which_o they_o of_o other_o place_n do_v send_v their_o burgess_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o learned_a author_n do_v not_o only_o believe_v that_o the_o lord_n but_o that_o also_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o town_n be_v include_v under_o the_o word_n wite_v and_o also_o that_o these_o placeâ—_n claim_v that_o privilege_n by_o prescription_n and_o not_o by_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n or_o before_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o mr._n lambard_n be_v a_o learned_a antiquary_n yet_o there_o be_v other_o more_o in_o number_n and_o perhaps_o of_o great_a learning_n who_o do_v suppose_v that_o no_o city_n or_o burrough_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n but_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o i_o confess_v the_o time_n be_v not_o exact_o agree_v on_o but_o whenever_o they_o begin_v to_o appeaâ—â—_n there_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o can_v have_v no_o right_n of_o come_v but_o from_o the_o king_n summons_n or_o grant_n since_o none_o but_o such_o city_n or_o town_n that_o hold_v of_o thâ—_n king_n in_o capite_fw-la 38._o have_v ancient_o any_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n noâ—_n of_o they_o neither_o any_o other_o but_o those_o who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o call_v and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v that_o great_a variety_n we_o find_v in_o the_o list_n of_o those_o town_n which_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n but_o i_o shall_v omit_v speak_v any_o thing_n far_o of_o this_o at_o present_a but_o as_o for_o those_o middle_n inferior_a thanes_z or_o vavassour_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o call_v who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v make_v so_o great_a a_o figure_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n there_o and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v to_o you_o by_o and_o by_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o those_o meeting_n from_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o 49_o hen._n iii_o now_o if_o it_o be_v true_a as_o you_o suppose_v king_n william_n make_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o conquest_n of_o it_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o person_n viz._n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v the_o only_a member_n of_o it_o before_o the_o conquest_n too_o but_o if_o you_o have_v any_o express_a authority_n out_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n or_o history_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o appear_v at_o the_o wittena_n gemote_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n pray_v let_v we_o see_v they_o f._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o command_n immediate_o but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v city_n and_o town_n not_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v a_o great_a mistake_n build_v upon_o a_o false_a and_o precarious_a hypothesis_n that_o they_o all_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o i_o shall_v make_v out_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o question_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o as_o precarious_a that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o our_o great_a council_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v your_o conquest_n till_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen_n iii_o and_o that_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v be_v so_o before_o the_o conquest_n for_o as_o i_o own_o that_o king_n william_n make_v no_o material_a alteration_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o entrance_n so_o i_o likewise_o affirm_v that_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o that_o time_n if_o not_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o all_o thanes_z the_o or_o baron_n i._n e._n great_a freeholder_n of_o england_n have_v place_n in_o that_o assembly_n before_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o desire_v i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a general_n council_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v hold_v at_o canterbury_n a._n d._n 605._o by_o king_n ethelbert_n not_o long_o after_o the_o settlement_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n which_o be_v record_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o british_a council_n in_o these_o word_n an._n incarnationis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la 685._o aethelbertus_n rex_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la roboratus_fw-la catholica_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la beria_fw-la regina_fw-la silioque_fw-la ipso_fw-la eadbaldo_n 126._o ac_fw-la reverendissimo_fw-la praesule_fw-la augustino_n caeterisque_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la terrâ—_n solenitatem_fw-la natalis_n domini_fw-la celebrant_n cantuariae_fw-la convocato_fw-la igitâ—r_fw-la ibidem_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o
must_v needs_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o but_o that_o it_o do_v not_o signify_v only_o so_o after_o that_o time_n i_o shall_v join_v issue_n with_o you_o by_o and_o by_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o my_o next_o authority_n which_o be_v from_o ailrid_a abbot_n of_o rievallis_n 372._o who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n who_o in_o his_o life_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n election_n in_o his_o mother_n womb_n tell_v we_o how_o ethelred_n his_o father_n call_v a_o great_a council_n about_o appoint_v a_o successor_n that_o hereupon_o say_v thus_o fit_a magnus_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la procerumque_fw-la conventus_fw-la magnus_fw-la plebis_fw-la pâ—lgique_a consensus_fw-la where_o you_o see_v apparent_o that_o the_o abbot_n make_v a_o distinction_n between_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o that_o of_o the_o plebs_fw-la vulgus_fw-la or_o common_a people_n m._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a before_o you_o proceed_v to_o any_o fresh_a authority_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o abbot_n in_o the_o place_n you_o mention_n tell_v such_o a_o idle_a tale_n that_o this_o edward_n be_v choose_v king_n whilst_o in_o his_o mother_n womb_n and_o so_o his_o father_n make_v the_o nobility_n swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o before_o he_o be_v bear_v he_o be_v the_o only_a author_n of_o this_o legend_n that_o i_o know_v of_o and_o sure_o you_o yourself_o must_v own_v that_o it_o be_v a_o little_a too_o gross_a to_o be_v believe_v and_o therefore_o i_o wonder_v that_o you_o shall_v urge_v that_o to_o i_o for_o a_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o those_o time_n f._n pray_v sir_n observe_v to_o what_o purpose_n i_o make_v use_n of_o this_o authority_n it_o be_v not_o to_o make_v good_a the_o election_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o his_o mother_n womb_n but_o only_o to_o prove_v who_o be_v then_o suppose_v when_o this_o abbot_n write_v to_o make_v up_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o wittena-gemot_a or_o parliament_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n which_o be_v then_o believe_v by_o all_o man_n to_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n high_a nobility_n and_o comâ—â—â—_n unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v that_o the_o abbot_n shall_v mention_v the_o commons_o by_o prophecy_n and_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v only_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o own_o time_n which_o the_o author_n of_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la make_v to_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n henry_n ii_o reign_n it_o will_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n to_o be_v near_o a_o hundred_o year_n old_a than_o the_o early_a time_n you_o assign_v for_o it_o viz_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o but_o i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o the_o conclusion_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n three_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n in_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 625._o as_o you_o will_v find_v it_o thus_o recite_v in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n in_o these_o word_n hanc_fw-la igitur_fw-la chartâ—â—_n meae_fw-la donationis_fw-la &_o libertatis_fw-la in_o die_v dedicationis_fw-la praedictae_fw-la ecclae_n recitari_fw-la jussi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnique_fw-la populo_fw-la audiente_fw-la &_o vidente_fw-la where_o by_o the_o optimates_fw-la angliae_fw-la i_o think_v can_v be_v understand_v no_o other_o than_o the_o thanes_z or_o freeholder_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o other_o as_o also_o the_o deputy_n of_o great_a city_n and_o burrough_n the_o word_n being_n optimates_fw-la angliae_fw-la non_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o populus_fw-la who_o be_v here_o mention_v to_o be_v present_a shall_v be_v the_o mob_n or_o common_a people_n only_o admit_v to_o stare_v and_o harken_v at_o such_o a_o great_a assembly_n yet_o since_o the_o word_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o only_o audiente_fw-la &_o vidente_fw-la i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la here_o as_o a_o part_n of_o this_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o yet_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v oftentimes_o refer_v to_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o the_o answer_n of_o k._n harold_n the_o last_o saxon_a king_n to_o the_o message_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n demand_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o that_o harold_n according_a to_o his_o promise_n shall_v marry_v his_o daughter_n 52._o the_o word_n be_v remarkable_a and_o therefore_o pray_v read_v they_o out_o of_o will._n of_o malmesbury_n who_o live_v near_o that_o time_n contra_n 〈◊〉_d scil_n heraldus_n quae_fw-la dixi_fw-la de_fw-la pvellae_fw-la nuptiis_fw-la referens_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la addebas_fw-la praesumtuosum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la quod_fw-la absque_fw-la generali_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_n convenâ—â—_n &_o edicto_fw-la alienam_fw-la illi_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la juraverit_fw-la now_o that_o by_o the_o word_n senatûs_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n etc._n etc._n and_o by_o populus_fw-la the_o representative_n of_o the_o people_n we_o have_v mr._n selden_n authority_n on_o our_o side_n 552._o who_o in_o his_o dissertation_n on_o fleta_n speak_v of_o the_o great_a question_n that_o arise_v in_o parliament_n in_o k._n edward_n iii_o reign_n concern_v king_n john_n donation_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o pope_n give_v their_o conclusion_n to_o this_o debate_n in_o these_o word_n ordine_fw-la universi_fw-la â—am_fw-la generis_fw-la hieratici_fw-la quam_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o senatus_n populus_fw-la sâ—lâ—â—niquâ—_n in_o it_o a_o deliberatione_n in_o comiciis_fw-la illis_fw-la responderunt_fw-la unanimes_fw-la irritam_fw-la plane_n fuissi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d donationem_fw-la illam_fw-la ut_fw-la pote_fw-la tam_fw-la sine_fw-la ordinum_fw-la assensu_fw-la quam_fw-la juran_n ento_z inaâ—guâ—aâ—i_fw-mi adversâ—n_n but_o of_o this_o great_a authority_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v to_o it_o in_o order_n of_o time_n since_o therefore_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o commons_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o great_a council_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o call_v it_o i_o desire_v that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o show_v i_o how_o they_o come_v to_o lose_v it_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o to_o be_v so_o long_o without_o it_o as_o until_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o if_o your_o author_n be_v to_o be_v credit_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o saxon_a 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period_n after_o the_o conquest_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o
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which_o by_o the_o way_n be_v here_o call_v noble_a though_o mere_a commoner_n and_o to_o obviate_v your_o objection_n that_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la after_o barones_n may_v refer_v to_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n that_o can_v not_o be_v for_o they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n have_v already_o write_v letter_n apart_o to_o the_o pope_n concern_v this_o matter_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o same_o author_n immediate_o before_o and_o therefore_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o by_o these_o word_n clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la universus_fw-la must_v be_v mean_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o commons_o appear_v by_o their_o representative_n in_o this_o parliament_n and_o that_o so_o become_v generalissimum_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la as_o this_o historian_n call_v it_o m._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v now_o to_o reply_v in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o instance_n you_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o matt._n westm_n to_o prove_v that_o 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106._o to_o this_o effect_n that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o the_o barones_n &_o proceres_fw-la there_o be_v divers_a other_o party_n mention_v yet_o be_v this_o troop_n of_o word_n put_v together_o in_o this_o letter_n to_o no_o other_o purpose_n than_o to_o make_v a_o impression_n upon_o the_o pope_n and_o make_v he_o sensible_a what_o a_o general_a dislike_n the_o nation_n have_v of_o his_o exaction_n and_o encroachment_n and_o to_o induce_v he_o to_o a_o compliance_n with_o their_o desire_n the_o multitude_n or_o commons_o not_o be_v any-way_n party_n or_o privy_a to_o the_o write_n of_o the_o letter_n for_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o people_n be_v a_o great_a argument_n use_v in_o all_o these_o letter_n to_o affect_v the_o pope_n how_o ungrateful_a his_o imposition_n be_v to_o the_o nation_n but_o in_o this_o of_o the_o temporal_a baron_n more_o especial_o who_o address_v themselves_o to_o the_o pope_n by_o petition_n enforce_v it_o by_o the_o clamour_n of_o the_o people_n against_o those_o injury_n and_o oppression_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o repeat_v all_o that_o follow_v only_o observe_v this_o clause_n alioquin_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la veniant_fw-la scandala_fw-la clamoro_fw-la populi_fw-la tam_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la quam_fw-la nos_fw-la intolerabiliter_fw-la impellente_fw-la and_o the_o king_n likewise_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n aggravate_v the_o matter_n by_o the_o like_a argument_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o clause_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o they_o verum_fw-la clamorem_fw-la incomperabilem_fw-la magnatum_fw-la angliae_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n non_fw-la possumus_fw-la obaudire_fw-la from_o this_o general_a clamour_n of_o the_o people_n and_o not_o from_o their_o be_v party_n it_o be_v that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o letter_n from_o the_o baronage_n or_o the_o university_n of_o england_n be_v stuff_v with_o so_o many_o word_n and_o phrase_n to_o awaken_v his_o holiness_n and_o invite_v he_o to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n f._n in_o return_n to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o be_o not_o convince_v that_o in_o the_o parliament_n mention_v by_o mat._n westm_n that_o the_o demand_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n only_o since_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o commons_o who_o be_v there_o style_v divites_fw-la plebis_fw-la and_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v grieve_v by_o their_o infringement_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v party_n to_o the_o complaint_n for_o their_o redress_n especial_o since_o we_o find_v that_o in_o all_o succeed_a parliament_n the_o commons_o be_v mention_v as_o most_o eager_a for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o these_o charter_n but_o as_o for_o the_o most_o material_a part_n of_o your_o answer_n to_o my_o authority_n from_o the_o parliament_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n i_o know_v the_o dr._n endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o avoid_v the_o force_n of_o this_o objection_n by_o make_v the_o parliament_n top_n upon_o his_o holiness_n mere_a empty_a word_n instead_o of_o matter_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o dr.'s_n own_o phrase_n they_o only_o lay_v a_o airy_a ambuscade_n to_o entrap_v he_o but_o whether_o the_o old_a gentleman_n be_v thus_o like_a to_o be_v catch_v i_o give_v you_o leave_v to_o judge_v for_o certain_o both_o he_o and_o his_o consistory_n of_o cardinal_n know_v as_o well_o as_o the_o parliament_n itself_o what_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n thereof_o and_o they_o can_v quick_o have_v answer_v they_o that_o they_o put_v a_o mere_a shame_n upon_o his_o holiness_n in_o mention_v the_o noble_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o sea_n port_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n both_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o their_o letter_n whereas_o they_o have_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o do_v with_o the_o matter_n nor_o have_v show_v any_o dislike_n of_o his_o holiness_n proceed_n for_o if_o 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over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n and_o desire_v that_o his_o holiness_n will_v desist_v from_o meddle_v far_o with_o it_o which_o letter_n though_o subscribe_v by_o above_o a_o hundred_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n yet_o it_o be_v say_v express_o in_o the_o conclusion_n in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la sigilla_fw-la tam_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la praedicti_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la suâ—t_z opâ—pensa_fw-la m._n though_o this_o authority_n be_v after_o the_o time_n we_o acknowledge_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o need_v not_o speak_v particular_o to_o it_o yet_o though_o i_o grant_v your_o argument_n have_v some_o weight_n in_o it_o since_o it_o here_o seem_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v sign_n this_o letter_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o themselves_o i_o shall_v endeavour_n to_o
that_o if_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n have_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v i_o think_v no_o reasonable_a man_n can_v have_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v whether_o these_o abstract_a word_n nobilitas_fw-la universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la shall_v be_v take_v for_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n when_o thus_o represent_v in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o whether_o they_o shall_v be_v confine_v to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a nobility_n only_o viz._n the_o great_a lord_n bishop_n and_o tenant_n in_o caâ—ite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v make_v i_o believe_v which_o require_v strong_a proof_n than_o what_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v beside_o which_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la or_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la it_o be_v also_o more_o common_o use_v at_o this_o day_n and_o often_o then_o too_o in_o another_o more_o restrain_v and_o yet_o legal_a sense_n and_o that_o be_v when_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n distinct_a from_o the_o peer_n and_o this_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v distinguish_v by_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o be_v take_v in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v always_o set_v after_o the_o particular_a enumeration_n of_o the_o other_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o peer_n viz._n the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n or_o when_o it_o be_v put_v contradistinct_a to_o the_o word_n magnate_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o authority_n and_o example_n from_o historian_n and_o record_n of_o both_o these_o 35._o and_o that_o in_o the_o time_n precede_v those_o that_o you_o allow_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v in_o parliament_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v that_o which_o matt._n westm_n mention_n as_o a_o parliament_n hold_v 37th_o hen._n iii_o and_o which_o be_v thus_o recite_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n 352._o where_o after_o the_o excommunication_n denounce_v against_o all_o infringer_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la there_o be_v this_o solemn_a clause_n aâ—ded_v that_o if_o to_o the_o write_n concern_v the_o say_a sentence_n any_o other_o thing_n or_o in_o any_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v add_v thereunto_o beside_o the_o form_n of_o the_o say_a sentence_n then_o to_o be_v denounce_v and_o approve_v of_o that_o then_o dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o praedicti_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la populi_n pretestantur_fw-la publicae_fw-la before_o all_o the_o bishop_n that_o they_o will_v never_o consent_v thereunto_o and_o conclude_v thus_o in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la &_o in_o posterum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la testimonium_fw-la as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o norff._n heref._n essex_n and_o warwick_n as_o peter_n de_fw-fr sabaâ—dia_n ad_fw-la inslantiam_fw-la aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o populi_n praescripti_fw-la sigilla_fw-la sua_fw-la apposuerunt_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o for_o those_o that_o be_v peer_n to_o sign_n for_o the_o 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write_v nor_o choose_v and_o send_v by_o the_o people_n but_o summon_v as_o the_o great_a baron_n in_o general_a by_o king_n john_n '_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v well_o enough_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v be_v pure_a imagination_n or_o in_o the_o dr._n phrase_n a_o airy_a ambuscade_n and_o quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o matt._n paris_n as_o also_o of_o the_o lawyer_n and_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o this_o author_n by_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v understand_v a_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o magnate_v or_o else_o if_o the_o word_n magnates_n may_v have_v comprehend_v they_o all_o it_o will_v have_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v mention_v any_o more_o but_o to_o answer_v those_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o mat._n paris_n as_o for_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la since_o you_o still_o insist_v upon_o it_o i_o
defer_v till_o another_o time_n but_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o show_v you_o from_o undoubted_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o as_o low_a as_o richard_n ii_o that_o these_o word_n when_o use_v as_o i_o have_v now_o say_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n can_v refer_v to_o they_o but_o to_o another_o distinct_a estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n than_o call_v les_fw-fr communer_n or_o les_fw-fr commune_v in_o english_a the_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n distinct_a from_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n m_o i_o shall_v nor_o now_o dispute_v with_o you_o concern_v the_o sense_n you_o have_v put_v upon_o the_o word_n you_o mention_v but_o i_o grant_v they_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o edw._n i._n in_o some_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o parliamentary_a record_n but_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v allow_v communitas_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o commons_o at_o this_o time_n in_o your_o 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welcome_a sir_n but_o i_o do_v not_o expect_v to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o m._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o come_v unreasonable_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v so_o great_a a_o desire_n to_o conclude_v what_o we_o begin_v upon_o that_o important_a subject_n we_o last_o discourse_v of_o that_o i_o can_v not_o be_v at_o ease_n till_o i_o have_v do_v my_o endeavour_n to_o give_v you_o satisfaction_n therein_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n that_o we_o now_o meet_v about_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o again_o that_o though_o this_o your_o gloss_n upon_o king_n john_n charter_n seem_v plausible_a at_o first_o sight_n nay_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n own_o way_n of_o divide_v and_o read_v the_o several_a article_n of_o this_o charter_n yet_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o can_v see_v no_o good_a reason_n for_o make_v a_o full_a or_o at_o least_o a_o half_a stop_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o article_n after_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la add_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o the_o follow_a clause_n &_o de_fw-fr seutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la etc._n etc._n much_o lest_o for_o suppose_v as_o you_o do_v without_o any_o ground_n that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o common_a council_n one_o for_o assess_v escuage_z and_o the_o other_o for_o grant_v all_o other_o aid_n and_o tax_n and_o then_o if_o read_v otherwise_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o do_v then_o both_o grant_v aid_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o assess_v escuage_z ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o believe_v from_o the_o fourteen_o clause_n here_o cite_v which_o say_v that_o no_o scutage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v impose_v unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v this_o so-expressed_a if_o there_o be_v to_o be_v one_o council_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o aid_n and_o another_o for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z so_o that_o if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v grant_v aid_n and_o assess_v escuage_z upon_o the_o subject_n unless_o in_o the_o case_n before_o except_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o only_a council_n for_o the_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n also_o and_o consequent_o of_o conclude_v not_o only_a their_o own_o tenant_n but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o petty_a sergeanty_n and_o socage_n nay_o the_o tenant_n of_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o though_o i_o have_v serious_o consider_v mr._n p_n appendix_n to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v and_o dr._n b_n answer_n to_o it_o as_o also_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n yet_o can_v i_o not_o see_v any_o colour_n of_o a_o argument_n for_o make_v any_o distinction_n between_o the_o king_n be_v curia_n of_o his_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o they_o be_v then_o all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o you_o to_o run_v over_o all_o the_o particular_a authority_n and_o example_n which_o have_v be_v urge_v pro_fw-la and_o con_v in_o this_o question_n but_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o friend_n mr._n p._n to_o show_v i_o that_o there_o be_v any_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n or_o other_o member_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o that_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n therein_o but_o according_a to_o their_o tenure_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o all_o feudal_n tenant_n who_o by_o the_o german_n gothic_n and_o lombard_n feudal_n law_n which_o in_o substance_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o be_v always_o summon_v to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n their_o supreme_a lord_n but_o far_a to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n for_o assess_v escuage_z be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v from_o liâ—tleton's_n tenor_n where_o in_o his_o second_o book_n sect._n 97._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o a_o expedition_n royal_a into_o scotland_n escuage_z shall_v be_v assess_v in_o parliament_n upon_o all_o those_o who_o fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n in_o that_o expedition_n so_o that_o if_o the_o parliament_n do_v then_o assess_v escuage_z i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o do_v it_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n iâ—_n this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o escuage_z be_v not_o always_o assess_v in_o parliament_n after_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n but_o that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o own_o prerogative_n do_v often_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o power_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o any_o assent_n in_o parliament_n 117._o the_o dr._n have_v give_v you_o above_o a_o dozen_o example_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o hen._n iii_o and_o king_n john_n thus_o it_o be_v for_o aid_n and_o scutage_n service_n but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o scutage_n impose_v in_o parliament_n as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o sole_a grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n of_o that_o scutage_n too_o from_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o these_o in_o scutage_n service_n 121._o though_o the_o same_o in_o substance_n as_o likewise_o appear_v by_o those_o record_v the_o dr._n have_v there_o give_v we_o f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a my_o assertion_n and_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v what_o mr._n p._n have_v in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n assert_v concern_v this_o matter_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o must_v stick_v to_o that_o way_n of_o read_v and_o point_v of_o this_o clause_n in_o dispute_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dr_n manuscript_n copy_n but_o also_o to_o the_o old_a french_a copy_n publish_v by_o father_n d'achery_n in_o his_o spicilegium_fw-la vol._n 13._o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o french_a of_o thaâ—_n time_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o objection_n against_o this_o interpretation_n you_o yourself_o have_v in_o great_a part_n help_v i_o to_o do_v it_o by_o that_o true_a distinction_n you_o have_v now_o make_v between_o a_o scutage_n as_o a_o aid_n or_o tax_n and_o as_o a_o service_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o you_o assert_v may_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la upon_o their_o under-tenant_n whereas_o the_o former_a be_v only_o grantable_a in_o parliament_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n which_o tax_n i_o affirm_v be_v always_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n and_o impose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o before_o the_o expedition_n be_v undertake_v whereas_o scutage_n service_n consider_v as_o a_o payment_n of_o so_o much_o money_n be_v never_o due_a or_o payable_a till_o the_o expedition_n be_v end_v and_o then_o only_o upon_o such_o as_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o be_v then_o to_o be_v assess_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prerogative_n as_o you_o call_v it_o exercise_v by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n sometime_o to_o grant_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o licence_n to_o take_v scutage_n of_o their_o tenant_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o such_o payment_n or_o assessment_n be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n 117._o and_o the_o express_a grant_n of_o this_o charter_n itself_o as_o be_v that_o writ_n of_o king_n john_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o glocestershire_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n service_n of_o three_o mark_n on_o each_o scute_n upon_o the_o tenant_n of_o saber_n earl_n of_o winchester_n for_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o which_o the_o say_a earl_n may_v have_v claim_v of_o his_o tenant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o 20_o the_o article_n of_o that_o charter_n but_o for_o scutage_n tax_n littleton_n tell_v we_o lib._n 2._o sect._n 101._o that_o because_o such_o tenement_n come_v at_o first_o from_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v reason_n they_o shall_v have_v escuage_z of_o their_o tenant_n and_o the_o lord_n in_o such_o case_n may_v
the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o villani_n by_o another_o record_n dor_n date_v but_o two_o year_n after_o this_o of_o you_o viz._n 21_o hen._n 3._o rex_fw-la vic._n kant_n salut_fw-la sciâ—s_n cum_fw-la octavis_fw-la sancti_fw-la hillarii_n etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la convenirent_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n '_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ut_fw-la tractatum_fw-la haberent_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la de_fw-la statu_fw-la nostro_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la iidem_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la &_o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la villanis_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la tricessimam_fw-la partem_fw-la honorum_fw-la from_o this_o record_n we_o may_v observe_v 1._o that_o the_o king_n writ_n be_v only_o issue_v to_o the_o archbishop_n 221._o bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n baron_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 2._o that_o in_o the_o recital_n of_o this_o tax_n the_o sheriff_n be_v tell_v first_o that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o clergy_n which_o have_v land_n not_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n a_o certain_a sign_n that_o they_o grant_v by_o themselves_o and_o out_o of_o nothing_o else_o but_o that_o and_o then_o that_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a man_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o villain_n grant_v a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o moveable_n and_o from_o this_o record_n it_o be_v also_o manifest_a these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la have_v villanos_fw-la if_o not_o bondman_n villagars_a or_o rustic_n colonos_fw-la or_o husbandman_n at_o least_o of_o who_o estate_n by_o public_a assent_n and_o for_o the_o public_a benefit_n they_o may_v in_o part_n dispose_v of_o which_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o all_o our_o record_n and_o history_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o the_o villani_n mention_v in_o the_o other_o record_n of_o 16._o hen._n 3._o to_o have_v give_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n do_v grant_v by_o their_o lord_n that_o be_v their_z lord_n paramount_n that_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v grant_v for_o they_o though_o they_o hold_v it_o not_o immediate_o of_o they_o but_o of_o other_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n which_o immediate_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o do_v charge_v they_o by_o public_a tax_n have_v be_v show_v from_o divers_a record_n so_o that_o it_o be_v frequent_a in_o those_o time_n to_o say_v such_o and_o such_o concesserunt_fw-la grant_v such_o a_o tax_n that_o be_v by_o those_o who_o have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o do_v it_o for_o they_o and_o without_o their_o consent_n too_o when_o those_o for_o who_o they_o grant_v be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v member_n of_o parliament_n themselves_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o example_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o f._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o long_a speech_n and_o to_o begin_v with_o your_o interpretation_n of_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la first_o then_o we_o be_v so_o far_o agree_v that_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la have_v two_o or_o three_o different_a signification_n first_o it_o signify_v all_o the_o subject_n in_o general_a in_o the_o next_o place_n all_o vassal_n or_o feudatary_a tenant_n whatever_o whether_o of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n you_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n as_o also_o divers_a ancient_a charter_n particular_o those_o of_o king_n william_n i._n and_o maud_n the_o empress_n and_o king_n stephen_n which_o be_v divers_a of_o they_o direct_v fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglâ—_n which_o can_v mean_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o the_o doctor_n and_o yourself_o will_v scarce_o allow_v any_o english_a man_n to_o have_v then_o hold_v land_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o crown_n last_o i_o grant_v this_o word_n fideles_fw-la may_v sometime_o signify_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n all_o which_o be_v so_o i_o think_v you_o can_v deny_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a word_n but_o the_o sense_n it_o bear_v in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v use_v that_o must_v direct_v we_o to_o its_o true_a signification_n and_o that_o the_o fideles_fw-la there_o mention_v to_o have_v grant_v caruage_n in_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o have_v give_v you_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n which_o you_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o answer_v viz._n that_o caruage_n be_v a_o general_a tax_n impose_v upon_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o what_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o what_o be_v not_o and_o how_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v tax_v those_o land_n which_o be_v never_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v resolve_v i_o and_o therefore_o by_o the_o fideles_fw-la here_o mention_v in_o this_o and_o many_o other_o record_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o but_o all_o other_o subject_n who_o do_v fealty_n who_o though_o they_o can_v not_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n yet_o be_v there_o by_o their_o representative_n the_o great_a freeholder_n lord_n of_o manor_n or_o else_o by_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n but_o i_o must_v now_o make_v some_o remark_n upon_o your_o interpretation_n of_o â—he_n writ_n of_o the_o 16_o the_o and_o 21_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o wherein_o you_o have_v certain_o very_o much_o mistake_v the_o sense_n of_o all_o the_o main_a word_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la non_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la pertinentes_fw-la which_o you_o interpret_v to_o have_v be_v clerk_n have_v manor_n and_o military_a fee_n not_o belong_v to_o their_o benefice_n but_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v altogether_o force_v for_o whoever_o hear_v of_o clerk_n that_o be_v inferior_a clergy_n man_n parson_n or_o vicar_n of_o church_n who_o hold_v benefice_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o not_o in_o franc_n almoigne_z or_o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o that_o therefore_o those_o land_n so_o hold_v shall_v be_v call_v land_n not_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o land_n of_o bishop_n all_o abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la will_v have_v be_v in_o your_o sense_n land_n not_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n but_o who_o but_o you_o and_o your_o doctor_n ever_o give_v such_o a_o unreasonable_a comment_n on_o those_o word_n nor_o will_v that_o passage_n you_o cite_v out_o of_o mat._n paris_n at_o all_o favour_n your_o interpretation_n for_o either_o these_o bishop_n and_o prelate_n there_o mention_v give_v this_o sorti_v part_n of_o their_o movable_n in_o parliament_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o else_o as_o clergy_n man_n in_o convocation_n if_o the_o former_a than_o these_o clerici_fw-la can_v have_v no_o vote_n there_o in_o person_n for_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v puzzle_v you_o to_o prove_v that_o at_o this_o time_n any_o ecclesiastical_a person_n below_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o abbot_n or_o prior_n have_v any_o place_n in_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o those_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o right_o of_o his_o church_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v this_o tax_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o whole_a clergy_n in_o convocation_n than_o such_o clerk_n as_o you_o mention_n can_v not_o be_v there_o in_o person_n first_o because_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v such_o as_o have_v land_n quâ—e_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la svas_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a and_o so_o can_v not_o have_v any_o place_n there_o as_o clergyman_n nor_o can_v they_o be_v include_v under_o the_o praelati_fw-la since_o that_o word_n take_v in_o none_o beneath_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o dean_n and_o therefore_o if_o these_o clerk_n give_v any_o thing_n in_o parliament_n they_o must_v do_v it_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o if_o in_o convocation_n by_o their_o clerk_n of_o the_o low_a house_n then_o call_v procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la so_o that_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v those_o clerk_n can_v not_o be_v present_a themselves_o at_o these_o parliament_n when_o those_o tax_n of_o the_o 30_o and_o 40th_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o either_o as_o layman_n or_o clergyman_n must_v be_v tax_v by_o their_o representative_n but_o in_o deed_n the_o word_n proceree_n regni_n which_o immediate_o come_v after_o episcopi_fw-la &_o pralati_fw-la in_o
indeed_o if_o the_o word_n have_v be_v milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tâ—nâ—ntes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la you_o have_v say_v somewhat_o but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v all_o mere_a supposition_n without_o any_o ground_n but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o last_o woâ—ds_n in_o this_o charter_n &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la what_o can_v they_o mean_v â—ut_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o fifteen_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_a m._n if_o you_o do_v not_o like_o our_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o libere_fw-la terentes_fw-la i_o can_v help_v it_o nor_o shall_v i_o dispute_v they_o long_o with_o you_o but_o as_o for_o this_o last_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n 65._o &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la it_o only_a mean_n all_o these_o who_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o general_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o when_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v regnum_fw-la &_o sâ—cerdotium_n by_o regnum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v both_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a baron_n great_a and_o small_a the_o king_n justice_n or_o any_o other_o that_o exercit_v any_o share_n or_o ministerial_a part_n of_o the_o government_n as_o perhaps_o all_o those_o diâ—_n one_o way_n or_o other_o by_o come_v to_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o quadri_fw-la partiâ—e_v history_n concern_v thomâ—s_n becket_n thus_o rex_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendun_v regnum_fw-la convo_fw-la aâ—_n universum_fw-la quò_fw-la come_v venisâ—_n ut_fw-la prasules_a &_o proceres_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n the_o whole_a baronage_n call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n or_o a_o full_a meeting_n of_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n both_o great_a and_o small_a i_o pray_v also_o remember_v that_o passage_n you_o yourself_o make_v use_v of_o but_o now_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o that_o after_o the_o curia_n hold_v at_o christmas_n the_o king_n immediate_o issue_v out_o his_o writ_n command_a omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la to_o appear_v at_o london_n and_o yet_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o more_o mention_v to_o be_v summon_v than_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n 65._o so_o that_o we_o may_v hence_o learn_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n for_o these_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n the_o regnum_fw-la or_o government_n the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o totalis_fw-la regni_fw-la universitas_fw-la the_o insluita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la and_o also_o give_v we_o the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 19_o the_o henry_n the_o three_o dor._n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somersershie_n scias_n quod_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v further_o explain_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n about_o the_o same_o business_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n which_o you_o have_v likewise_o cite_v begin_v thus_o 8._o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la arohiepiscopi_n episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capire_n nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o the_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la which_o be_v then_o all_o the_o regnum_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o it_o may_v be_v far_o prove_v from_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 48_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o 5._o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la venerabiles_fw-la patres_fw-la g._n e._n eborum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o alii_fw-la praelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nobis_fw-la nuper_fw-la in_o articulo_fw-la necessitatiâ—_n servitium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la &_o sulisidium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o i_o may_v also_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o writ_n i_o cite_v but_o now_o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la etc._n etc._n comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comiâ—aru_n kanciae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o lew_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o knight_n he_o in_o that_o country_n now_o this_o writ_n can_v not_o be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o man_n in_o kent_n but_o to_o all_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n for_o not_o a_o forty_o part_n of_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n so_o that_o these_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la and_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la comitatus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v for_o by_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n in_o general_n can_v not_o be_v understand_v for_o they_o never_o be_v summon_v no_o not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o they_o to_o meet_v in_o great_a council_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v and_o perhaps_o not_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pay_v to_o this_o fifteen_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o many_o servant_n villainâ—_n bondman_n and_o many_o such_o people_n there_o be_v than_o in_o the_o nation_n that_o pay_v nothing_o f._n you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v and_o darken_v word_n in_o themselves_o very_o clear_a and_o perspicuous_a for_o methinks_v it_o be_v a_o strange_a piece_n of_o confidence_n in_o your_o doctor_n when_o the_o charter_n say_v expresy_o that_o omnes_fw-la dâ—_n regno_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o 15_o to_o restrain_v this_o act_n only_o to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o be_v indeed_o to_o make_v word_n signify_v any_o thing_n he_o fancy_v but_o to_o answer_v your_o authority_n which_o be_v found_v all_o upon_o false_a supposition_n without_o any_o proof_n as_o to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o quadrilogus_fw-la history_n of_o thomas_n bâ—ecket_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o praesules_fw-la and_o prâ—ceres_fw-la be_v there_o call_v regnum_fw-la the_o kingdom_n but_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v that_o this_o word_n proceres_fw-la be_v of_o so_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o it_o take_v in_o all_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v lord_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o so_o that_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o our_o city_n and_o great_a town_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n and_o certain_o the_o great_a freeholders_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n do_v much_o more_o just_o deserve_v that_o title_n as_o for_o the_o other_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n where_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la this_o be_v but_o a_o general_a way_n of_o expression_n in_o this_o author_n and_o prove_v nothing_o for_o either_o the_o word_n barones_n take_v in_o all_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o it_o do_v not_o if_o the_o latter_a than_o this_o author_n do_v not_o exact_o recite_v all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n who_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v appear_v there_o since_o the_o great_a baron_n alone_o can_v never_o make_v this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o author_n if_o the_o former_a than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o thereby_o comprehend_v more_o than_o those_o who_o be_v real_o baron_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o so_o nor_o be_v so_o much_o as_o call_v so_o in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o then_o make_v the_o most_o of_o this_o word_n barones_n it_o may_v in_o a_o large_a and_o common_a acceptation_n take_v in_o all_o the_o chief_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v often_o call_v baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o law_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n and_o mr._n cambden_n tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o word_n baronagium_n omnes_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continarentur_fw-la this_o i_o say_v suppose_v that_o by_o this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v all_o the_o chief_n gentry_n or_o freeholders_n of_o england_n call_v often_o nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o make_v
to_o the_o like_a exaction_n of_o his_o son_n hâ—n_o the_o three_o which_o be_v brand_v by_o all_o writer_n as_o horrible_a and_o illegal_a oppression_n nay_o be_v own_a to_o be_v so_o by_o this_o king_n frequent_a confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o breach_n of_o they_o and_o promise_v to_o observe_v they_o better_o for_o the_o future_a but_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o find_v your_o doctor_n who_o you_o follow_v both_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n as_o also_o in_o his_o complete_a history_n still_o to_o cite_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n nay_o the_o very_a perjury_n for_o â—lowers_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o as_o for_o the_o authority_n you_o urge_v for_o this_o king_n talliate_v his_o demesne_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o this_o talliage_n be_v not_o general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o can_v only_o concern_v his_o own_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a and_o none_o else_o who_o be_v always_o exempt_v from_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n because_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o yield_v the_o king_n a_o reasonable_a talliage_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la whensoever_o he_o need_v it_o yet_o this_o be_v count_v rather_o a_o privilege_n than_o otherwise_o since_o they_o be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o all_o other_o burden_n and_o parliamentary_a attendance_n but_o be_v also_o tax_v much_o less_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o tilling_n the_o king_n land_n but_o when_o this_o reasonable_a prerogative_n grow_v to_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o exaction_n levy_v upon_o they_o become_v intolerable_a than_o they_o will_v no_o long_o suffer_v it_o but_o get_v it_o take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la after_o which_o we_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n frequent_o give_v their_o share_n of_o aide_n and_o subsidy_n in_o parliament_n by_o delegate_n of_o their_o own_o as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v till_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o common_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o aâ—_n for_o the_o city_n of_o london_n it_o be_v never_o take_v for_o part_n of_o the_o king_n demean_n and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o doom_n day_n book_n but_o as_o appear_v by_o record_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o tax_v then_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o make_v the_o londoner_n deny_v to_o be_v otherwise_o talliate_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v but_o the_o truth_n be_v they_o have_v this_o exaction_n first_o lay_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o exorbitant_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o this_o be_v afterward_o trump_v again_o upon_o they_o in_o all_o the_o ill_a part_n of_o his_o son_n government_n because_o his_o father_n have_v do_v it_o before_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o shipmoney_n have_v pass_v unquestioned_a and_o be_v as_o often_o pay_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o but_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v urge_v as_o a_o precedent_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o but_o as_o for_o your_o last_o authority_n of_o the_o 33_o d._n of_o edward_n the_o first_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o estate_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a as_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n either_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_v and_o which_o for_o all_o that_o still_o keep_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o be_v talliate_v by_o the_o king_n as_o their_z under_z tenant_n be_v by_o they_o to_o enable_v the_o lord_n to_o pay_v the_o king_n talliage_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o understand_v these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la i._n e._n of_o which_o they_o be_v in_o tenancy_n to_o the_o king_n nor_o do_v the_o record_n call_v they_o dominica_n sua_fw-la as_o it_o do_v the_o king_n demesn_n that_o follow_v so_o that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v a_o tax_n upon_o all_o under_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o you_o suppose_v sinâ—e_v their_o estate_n be_v never_o call_v antiqua_fw-la dominica_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v after_o all_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o legal_a precedent_n that_o our_o king_n claim_v a_o right_n under_o colour_n of_o their_o prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o whole_a nation_n de_fw-fr alto_n &_o â—â—sso_fw-la at_o their_o pleasure_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v it_o long_o with_o you_o whether_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v not_o ancient_o a_o power_n of_o tax_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o aver_v that_o when_o this_o great_a charter_n be_v make_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v tax_n and_o make_v law_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n also_o nor_o be_v this_o at_o all_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o thus_o hold_v estate_n by_o mesne_n tenure_n under_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o 171._o since_o we_o see_v in_o scotland_n that_o at_o this_o day_n none_o sit_v there_o either_o as_o commissioner_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o the_o royal_a burough_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o ancient_o before_o the_o law_n for_o excuse_v the_o small_a baron_n and_o free_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o send_v commissioner_n of_o shire_n in_o their_o stead_n be_v introduce_v by_o a_o statuâ—e_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o parliament_n of_o k._n jam._n 1._o a._n dom._n 1420_o it_o consist_v all_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la viz._n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la râ—ge_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n in_o the_o latin_a title_n to_o divers_a of_o those_o statute_n as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o slenes_n collection_n of_o scotch_a law_n now_o if_o this_o law_n do_v ancient_o and_o do_v still_o prevail_v in_o scotland_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n of_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o have_v be_v so_o ancient_o in_o englâ—nd_n also_o especial_o since_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a reason_n to_o back_o this_o opinion_n m._n i_o will_v answer_v your_o argument_n from_o scotland_n by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o why_o i_o think_v it_o can_v never_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n in_o england_n and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o 2_o lie_v because_o it_o be_v against_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n be_v apparent_a since_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o if_o a_o man_n in_o those_o time_n purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n of_o a_o lord_n or_o any_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o certain_o thousand_o do_v to_o be_v hold_v either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o in_o socage_n that_o such_o a_o tenant_n shall_v lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n in_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n for_o he_o at_o his_o pleasure_n however_o exorbitant_a those_o tax_n be_v or_o inconvenient_a those_o law_n may_v prove_v the_o lord_n be_v no_o representative_a of_o his_o own_o choice_n or_o appointment_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n i_o can_v prove_v by_o two_o very_a sufficient_a authority_n the_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o other_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o both_o this_o earl_n and_o bishop_n helâ—_n their_o county_n palatine_n in_o capite_fw-la immediate_o of_o the_o king_n nor_o have_v those_o county_n any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n till_o long_o after_o that_o they_o have_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n grant_v they_o by_o particular_a statute_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n now_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o county-palatines_a shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o all_o act_n
to_o this_o parliament_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o jealousy_n or_o suspicion_n in_o simon_n monfort_n of_o those_o who_o be_v then_o his_o fast_a friend_n but_o out_o of_o pure_a carelessness_n or_o omission_n of_o the_o clerk_n who_o i_o suppose_v through_o haste_n inadvertency_n or_o multiplicity_n of_o business_n omit_v to_o enter_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v likewise_o send_v and_o that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o book_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o record_n itself_o where_o there_o be_v a_o blank_a space_n leave_v unfilled_a of_o about_o four_o inch_n breadth_n which_o can_v be_v leave_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o add_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v certain_o summon_v to_o that_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o those_o who_o name_n be_v there_o express_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o long_o dispute_v this_o point_n but_o i_o think_v you_o must_v grant_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v never_o mention_v in_o any_o record_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n for_o after_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o winchester_n whereto_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o commons_o summon_v as_o before_o but_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o magnates_n alone_a seize_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o also_o they_o give_v he_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o late_a rebel_n and_o then_o there_o be_v after_o this_o a_o parliament_n summon_v at_o kenelworth_n in_o the_o 50_o the_o of_o this_o king_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o all_o other_o that_o six_o person_n who_o be_v all_o except_o one_o either_o bishop_n or_o baron_n shall_v choose_v six_o other_o and_o the_o whole_a twelve_o be_v to_o judge_v concern_v those_o who_o be_v disinherit_v for_o their_o late_a rebellion_n and_o their_o determination_n or_o award_n be_v call_v dictum_fw-la de_fw-la kenelworth_n and_o be_v make_v to_o better_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o disinherited_a and_o to_o turn_v the_o forfeiture_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o estate_n into_o a_o composition_n for_o they_o after_o the_o value_n of_o five_o year_n purchase_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o two_o or_o three_o short_a payment_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o to_o this_o parliament_n the_o commons_o be_v at_o all_o summon_v but_o to_o the_o contrary_a for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o statute_n give_v we_o all_o their_o name_n yet_o the_o doctor_n further_o prove_v to_o you_o from_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n baronage_n that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o they_o but_o what_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n or_o a_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereas_o have_v there_o be_v any_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n they_o will_v certain_o have_v have_v commissioner_n of_o their_o own_o order_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n f._n i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o short_a answer_n to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o parliament_n of_o winchester_n and_o kenelworth_n as_o for_o the_o former_a you_o must_v own_o that_o all_o the_o roll_n of_o it_o be_v lose_v 144._o and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o leave_v of_o it_o on_o record_n than_o that_o writ_n or_o commission_n which_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o which_o recite_v that_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o magnatum_fw-la or_o great_a man_n as_o the_o doctor_n render_v it_o the_o king_n have_v the_o seisin_n and_o possession_n of_o all_o the_o rebel_n estate_n give_v to_o he_o which_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o no_o commons_o be_v there_o since_o i_o have_v so_o often_o make_v out_o that_o under_o this_o wordâ—_n magnatum_fw-la not_o only_a the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v often_o comprehend_v it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v no_o writ_n extant_a to_o prove_v the_o commons_o be_v now_o summon_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n to_o believe_v the_o contrary_a since_o if_o it_o be_v a_o cunning_a invention_n of_o montfort_n to_o summon_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o abate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a as_o good_a policy_n for_o this_o king_n to_o continue_v so_o politic_a a_o institution_n which_o will_v for_o the_o future_a serve_v for_o so_o good_a a_o balance_n not_o only_o against_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o his_o great_a lord_n also_o as_o for_o the_o parliament_n at_o kenelworth_n i_o shall_v admit_v all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v true_a as_o you_o have_v relate_v it_o from_o mat._n westminster_n who_o say_v that_o the_o twelve_o commissioner_n appoint_v to_o draw_v up_o the_o statute_n of_o kenelworth_n be_v choose_v de_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o prudentioribus_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la and_o also_o that_o the_o french_a record_n cite_v by_o the_o doctor_n together_o with_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n comment_n upon_o it_o make_v it_o out_o plain_a enough_o that_o the_o lay_v commissioner_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o party_n there_o name_v to_o make_v this_o statute_n be_v all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n though_o in_o the_o record_n itself_o only_o style_v knight_n well_o what_o follow_v from_o all_o this_o that_o the_o commons_o can_v have_v no_o hand_n in_o this_o choice_n because_o the_o tous_fw-fr autres_fw-fr or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o and_o other_o record_n must_v needs_o always_o signify_v the_o small_a sort_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o i_o say_v it_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v whether_o you_o have_v make_v good_a your_o interpretation_n by_o any_o cogent_a proof_n i_o must_v leave_v to_o your_o own_o ingenuity_n for_o to_o tell_v you_o the_o truth_n i_o think_v your_o doctor_n have_v lead_v you_o astray_o in_o this_o point_n and_o till_o you_o can_v make_v it_o out_o better_o than_o you_o have_v do_v i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o keep_v my_o old_a opinion_n and_o if_o your_o argument_n be_v good_a that_o no_o commoner_n be_v there_o because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v choose_v commissioner_n then_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n none_o of_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v there_o neither_o because_o none_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o earl_n or_o baron_n be_v elect_v as_o for_o the_o want_n of_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o these_o parliament_n if_o that_o be_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o make_v as_o much_o against_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n nay_o the_o very_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o lord_n since_o there_o be_v no_o writ_n of_o summons_n find_v for_o their_o appearance_n at_o either_o of_o these_o parliament_n and_o so_o the_o king_n may_v call_v who_o he_o please_v m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o montfort_n have_v summon_v some_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o appear_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o he_o also_o call_v some_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o 49_o the_o yet_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n though_o we_o can_v now_o positive_o tell_v what_o they_o be_v nor_o to_o follow_v this_o new_a invention_n of_o monfort_n however_o it_o may_v then_o serve_v the_o turn_n for_o perhaps_o the_o king_n do_v not_o like_o it_o because_o introduce_v by_o a_o rebel_n and_o he_o have_v also_o by_o his_o victory_n at_o evesham_n so_o quell_v the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o i_o believe_v he_o be_v afterward_o able_a to_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o mr._n cambden_n nameless_a manuscript_n author_n cite_v in_o his_o brittania_n that_o after_o the_o horrid_a trouble_n and_o confusion_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n only_o those_o earl_n and_o baron_n quibus_fw-la rex_fw-la dignatus_fw-la est_fw-la brevia_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la dirigere_fw-la venirent_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alii_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v true_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o shall_v prove_v from_o the_o next_o statute_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o be_v extant_a viz._n that_o of_o maâ—lâ—bridge_n 145._o make_v in_o the_o 52_o d._n year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o more_o summon_v than_o some_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o the_o great_a and_o lessâ—r_a baron_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o statute_n convocatis_fw-la discretioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la tam_fw-la majoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la minoribus_fw-la brovisum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o statutum_n ac_fw-la concordatum_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n
of_o the_o marginal_a reference_n to_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n petyr_n but_o since_o the_o doctor_n know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o distinguish_v his_o own_o from_o the_o author_n matter_n and_o that_o those_o who_o be_v conversant_a in_o his_o writing_n may_v do_v so_o likewise_o he_o hope_v both_o the_o doctor_n and_o the_o reader_n will_v the_o more_o easy_o forgive_v it_o especial_o since_o you_o will_v find_v he_o so_o fair_a a_o representer_n as_o not_o to_o curtail_v the_o doctor_n argument_n but_o rather_o to_o enlarge_v they_o whâ—â—_n he_o think_v he_o have_v a_o just_a occasion_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n be_v a_o continuation_n of_o the_o former_a discourse_n concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o best_a authority_n for_o it_o be_v propose_v and_o examine_v with_o a_o entrance_n upon_o the_o question_n of_o nonresistance_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o part._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o eight_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o five_o six_z and_o seven_o dialogue_n 1693._o the_o author_n chief_o make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o discourse_n and_o how_o denote_v in_o the_o margin_n p._n r._n c_o mr._n petyt_v right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v b._n a._n p._n dr._n bradye_n answer_v to_o mr._n petyt_v treatise_n b._n a._n a._n dr._n bradye_n answer_v to_o mr._n cook_n treatise_n entitle_v argumentum_fw-la antinormannicum_fw-la the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o have_v make_v my_o publisher_n tell_v you_o a_o untruth_n before_o i_o be_v aware_a in_o the_o advertisement_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o last_o dialogue_n when_o he_o tell_v you_o there_o be_v but_o two_o or_o three_o sheet_n behind_o upon_o this_o subject_a whereas_o indeed_o this_o dialogue_n be_v almost_o whole_o take_v up_o in_o discuss_v these_o reason_n and_o authority_n that_o have_v be_v former_o bring_v by_o mr._n petyt_n or_o be_v now_o new_o add_v by_o i_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o have_v representative_n in_o parliament_n long_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o in_o do_v which_o if_o i_o have_v be_v too_o long_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v it_o since_o so_o weighty_a a_o question_n can_v not_o be_v dismiss_v without_o say_v the_o most_o i_o can_v find_v have_v be_v allege_v as_o well_o for_o as_o against_o it_o and_o since_o i_o be_v to_o explain_v the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la in_o the_o time_n immediate_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o let_v you_o know_v that_o ancient_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la have_v place_n and_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o 3d_o estate_n as_o well_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n in_o our_o general_a council_n or_o parliament_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessity_n of_o show_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n claim_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n time_n beyond_o memory_n and_o consequent_o of_o show_v how_o that_o time_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o all_o our_o law_n book_n which_o be_v the_o only_a proper_a interpreter_n of_o that_o law_n term_n of_o time_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o memory_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o since_o there_o be_v no_o writer_n that_o i_o know_v of_o who_o have_v oppose_v this_o notion_n of_o the_o right_n of_o prescription_n in_o the_o commons_o but_o mr._n prin._n i_o have_v impartial_o consider_v what_o he_o have_v write_v against_o it_o in_o his_o 2d_o and_o 3d._a part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n and_o put_v down_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o in_o this_o discourse_n with_o what_o may_v be_v reasonable_o reply_v thereunto_o so_o that_o consider_v the_o many_o fresh_a authority_n from_o historian_n and_o record_n that_o be_v here_o insert_v and_o that_o have_v never_o be_v publish_v altogether_o before_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o there_o have_v never_o be_v so_o much_o hitherto_o put_v together_o of_o this_o kind_n nor_o perhaps_o will_v be_v till_o mr._n petyt_n shall_v please_v to_o publish_v at_o large_a his_o learned_a and_o elaberate_a collection_n from_o ancient_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n history_n both_o manuscript_n and_o print_n as_o also_o from_o parliamentary_a and_o other_o record_n on_o this_o important_a subject_n many_o of_o which_o you_o will_v here_o find_v abbreviate_v and_o to_o who_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n in_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_n i_o must_v own_v myself_o behold_v for_o the_o argument_n from_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v ancient_o part_v of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o also_o that_o of_o apply_v the_o right_n of_o prescription_n to_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o but_o if_o dr_n brady_n or_o any_o friend_n of_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o animadvert_v upon_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v here_o lay_v down_o i_o shall_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v concern_v at_o it_o that_o i_o shall_v rather_o be_v very_o well_o satisfy_v sâ—nce_o as_o a_o fair_a representer_n of_o other_o man_n opinion_n who_o write_v not_o for_o victory_n but_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a if_o the_o dr._n or_o any_o other_o learned_a person_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o give_v the_o world_n great_a light_n on_o this_o subject_a by_o publish_v somewhat_o that_o be_v now_o and_o more_o convince_a then_o what_o have_v be_v heretofore_o do_v for_o have_v it_o appear_v so_o to_o i_o i_o declare_v i_o shall_v not_o have_v take_v so_o much_o pain_n to_o set_v down_o the_o argument_n on_o both_o side_n which_o i_o shall_v still_o continue_v to_o do_v if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v perform_v material_a in_o this_o kind_n i_o have_v to_o make_v up_o this_o discourse_n just_o enter_v upon_o the_o question_n of_o nonresistance_n but_o can_v go_v far_o in_o it_o now_o but_o shall_v leave_v what_o be_v to_o be_v fâ—rther_o say_v upon_o that_o important_a subject_n to_o the_o next_o dialogue_n which_o will_v be_v speedy_o publish_v the_o eight_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n m._n i_o be_o glad_a to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o for_o indeed_o i_o be_o very_o impatient_a to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o great_a question_n concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o where_o you_o leave_v off_o and_o give_v i_o those_o plain_a proof_n you_o promise_v i_o whereby_o you_o will_v make_v out_o that_o both_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v there_o ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n for_o i_o desire_v to_o go_v no_o high_o f._n i_o think_v i_o have_v say_v enough_o on_o that_o subject_a at_o our_o last_o meet_v to_o satisfy_v any_o reasonable_a person_n i_o be_o sure_o more_o than_o you_o be_v able_a fair_o to_o answer_v especial_o as_o to_o my_o reply_v to_o the_o best_a authority_n you_o bring_v from_o the_o doctor_n and_o therefore_o pray_v before_o we_o proceed_v far_o tell_v i_o your_o opinion_n upon_o second_o thought_n of_o those_o authority_n and_o argument_n i_o then_o give_v you_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v they_o do_v somewhat_o shock_v i_o but_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o you_o without_o first_o hear_v what_o may_v be_v say_v by_o the_o other_o side_n and_o to_o this_o end_n i_o have_v write_v to_o the_o learned_a dr._n for_o his_o solution_n to_o several_a difficulty_n that_o i_o confesâ—_n upon_o his_o hypothesis_n i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o solve_v but_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o receive_v far_a satisfaction_n from_o he_o as_o to_o those_o point_n in_o a_o short_a time_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n let_v we_o proceed_v in_o our_o intend_a design_n and_o examine_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o argument_n you_o have_v to_o produce_v on_o your_o side_n f._n i_o shall_v obey_v your_o command_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o can_v expect_v more_o than_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o give_v you_o for_o since_o all_o the_o parliament-roll_n and_o writ_n of_o summons_n except_o those_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v lose_v till_o after_o the_o time_n in_o question_n between_o we_o you_o must_v be_v content_v with_o what_o other_o proof_n we_o can_v produce_v provide_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v any_o unbyast_n indifferent_a person_n and_o to_o this_o end_n i_o shall_v sort_v the_o authority_n i_o intend_v to_o
make_v use_n of_o into_o these_o three_o head_n first_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o divers_a quotation_n out_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a writer_n who_o live_v in_o or_o near_a the_o time_n you_o prefix_v viz._n the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_a william_n and_o shall_v descend_v down_o in_o order_n of_o time_n as_o low_o as_o your_o drs._n 18_o of_o edward_n 1_n 2._o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o the_o authority_n and_o testimony_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o almost_o all_o our_o court_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o nay_o of_o several_a whole_a parliament_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v a_o undoubted_a right_n of_o sâ—tting_v there_o by_o prescription_n 3._o from_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o our_o neighbour_a kingdom_n who_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o king_n and_o a_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n according_a to_o the_o gothick_n model_n the_o commons_o have_v always_o from_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n their_o representative_n in_o those_o assembly_n m._n i_o much_o doubt_v that_o but_o pray_v begin_v with_o your_o ancient_a historian_n for_o as_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o though_o i_o have_v look_v they_o over_o very_o wary_o yet_o i_o can_v find_v nothing_o in_o they_o concern_v the_o particular_a constituent_a part_n or_o member_n of_o our_o great_a or_o common_a council_n but_o the_o magnate_v optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la comites_fw-la and_o barones_n all_o which_o though_o you_o have_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n show_v i_o from_o some_o authority_n that_o they_o may_v take_v in_o other_o though_o not_o nobâ—â—_n by_o birth_n yet_o since_o these_o word_n have_v be_v most_o common_o take_v in_o another_o sense_n it_o need_v some_o better_a proof_n than_o to_o say_v in_o general_a that_o mere_a commoner_n be_v there_o because_o those_o general_a word_n may_v sometime_o be_v take_v in_o that_o sense_n and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la which_o i_o confess_v be_v often_o mention_v to_o be_v present_a at_o those_o assembly_n the_o learned_a dr._n in_o several_a place_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n have_v plain_o prove_v populus_fw-la that_o as_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la sometime_o signify_v the_o bishop_n and_o sometime_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n so_o populus_fw-la do_v also_o neither_o great_a nor_o little_a people_n but_o only_o the_o laity_n and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v use_v and_o restrain_v signify_v the_o lay_n plebs_fw-la or_o the_o lay_n magnate_v what_o i_o mean_v by_o plebs_fw-la i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o signify_v the_o inferior_a sort_n of_o people_n or_o such_o as_o be_v inferior_a to_o baron_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o nobleman_n the_o dr._n have_v very_o well_o prove_v from_o that_o passage_n make_v use_v of_o by_o mr._n p._n to_o prove_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v in_o that_o great_a council_n which_o make_v henry_n the_o first_o king_n 55._o because_o it_o be_v say_v by_o mat._n paris_n that_o congregato_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la universo_fw-it etc._n etc._n by_o which_o word_n populus_fw-la he_o will_v understand_v the_o commons_o alone_o distinct_a from_o the_o great_a lord_n 28._o but_o the_o dr._n very_o plain_o shewâ—_n he_o the_o falseness_n of_o this_o interpretation_n from_o the_o same_o author_n within_o three_o line_n of_o the_o place_n himself_o have_v cite_v where_o the_o same_o body_n of_o man_n which_o be_v but_o just_a before_o call_v populus_fw-la be_v present_o after_o call_v magnate_n ad_fw-la haec_fw-la clero_fw-la respondente_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la cunctis_fw-la not_o one_o word_n in_o this_o place_n of_o any_o populus_fw-la but_o the_o great_a or_o nobleman_n that_o be_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la must_v be_v the_o people_n or_o layman_n here_o mention_v and_o this_o same_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v by_o eadmerus_n speak_v of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o westminster_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o this_o king_n call_v primate_fw-la regni_fw-la uâ—riusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la or_o as_o florence_n of_o worcester_n word_n it_o 1102_o the_o order_n of_o man_n assemble_v in_o this_o very_a council_n omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la &_o secularis_fw-la ordinis_fw-la the_o which_o the_o dr._n also_o prove_v from_o several_a like_o passage_n in_o eadmerus_n in_o all_o which_o as_o also_o in_o all_o other_o author_n the_o dr._n have_v there_o cite_v this_o populus_fw-la be_v explain_v to_o be_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n only_o 32._o that_o be_v all_o the_o great_a as_o well_o as_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o though_o i_o confess_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v you_o bring_v very_o good_a proof_n that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v more_o comprehensive_a among_o the_o roman_n yet_o though_o the_o roman_a populus_fw-la comprehend_v all_o the_o people_n as_o well_o nobility_n as_o plebeian_n and_o that_o in_o scotland_n it_o take_v in_o the_o burgess_n of_o the_o royal_a burrough_n which_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o this_o word_n must_v needs_o signify_v so_o in_o this_o kingdom_n too_o since_o in_o all_o country_n not_o all_o the_o people_n but_o only_o the_o govern_n part_n of_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o populus_fw-la in_o all_o history_n public_a act_n and_o law_n of_o those_o kingdom_n thus_o in_o denmark_n former_o and_o still_o in_o poland_n the_o populus_fw-la consist_v sole_o of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o senate_n in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o plebeian_n at_o all_o f._n i_o hope_v we_o have_v do_v wrangle_v about_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la but_o since_o i_o see_v you_o be_v not_o yet_o satisfy_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o plain_o that_o by_o this_o word_n use_v in_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n be_v not_o only_o mean_v the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o another_o large_a and_o more_o comprehensive_a body_n and_o whereas_o you_o say_v that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v still_o restrain_v by_o our_o ancient_a historian_n to_o the_o magnate_v primate_fw-la &_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la all_o which_o word_n do_v in_o their_o genuine_a signification_n signify_v great_a or_o nobleman_n and_o that_o though_o they_o be_v sometime_o take_v in_o a_o different_a acceptation_n yet_o that_o it_o lie_v upon_o i_o to_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o my_o sense_n to_o this_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o prove_a part_n ought_v to_o lie_v whole_o of_o your_o side_n for_o since_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n have_v be_v for_o above_o these_o four_o hundred_o year_n constituent_a member_n of_o our_o parliament_n as_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n and_o that_o they_o also_o claim_v to_o be_v so_o by_o right_a of_o prescription_n it_o lie_v still_o upon_o your_o door_n to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a and_o to_o show_v at_o what_o time_n and_o upon_o what_o occasion_n they_o be_v first_o introduce_v which_o if_o you_o have_v not_o be_v able_a hitherto_o to_o perform_v so_o as_o to_o give_v i_o any_o tolerable_a satisfaction_n you_o can_v blame_v i_o if_o i_o still_o keep_v my_o own_o opinion_n and_o believe_v they_o as_o ancient_a as_o kingly_a government_n itself_o in_o this_o our_o island_n but_o since_o i_o grant_v these_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v of_o a_o general_a and_o equivocal_a signification_n their_o true_a sense_n and_o meaning_n be_v best_a to_o be_v understand_v from_o the_o subject_a matter_n that_o be_v treat_v of_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o first_o from_o the_o nature_n and_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la according_a to_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o government_n that_o they_o must_v signify_v many_o more_o than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z and_o then_o i_o shall_v confirm_v my_o interpretation_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o such_o ancient_a historian_n as_o live_v either_o in_o or_o very_o near_o the_o time_n i_o mention_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v first_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o great_a analogy_n there_o be_v between_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o the_o populus_fw-la so_o that_o if_o the_o clerus_fw-la take_v in_o more_o than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o our_o common_a council_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o populus_fw-la must_v do_v so_o too_o now_o that_o this_o word_n clerus_fw-la when_o use_v by_o itself_o do_v not_o original_o signify_v either_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n alone_o or_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n alone_o as_o your_o dr._n assert_n be_v evident_a because_o clerus_fw-la be_v a_o general_a word_n and_o comprehend_v all_o the_o clergy_n of_o whatsoever_o sort_n or_o degree_n now_o that_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o the_o superior_a as_o
translate_v 193._o the_o clergy_n and_o commons_o together_o with_o the_o nobility_n be_v summon_v and_o in_o 1_o of_o richard_n i._n r._n hoveden_n also_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o pipewel_n abbey_n in_o northamptonshire_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n produce_v a_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la and_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o primo_fw-la of_o king_n john_n now_o in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n library_n entitle_v charta_fw-la moderationis_fw-la seod_fw-la magni_fw-la sigilli_fw-la recite_v the_o say_a king_n to_o have_v be_v crown_v mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o savore_fw-la and_o though_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v turbulent_a 587._o yet_o the_o author_n of_o the_o manuscript_n eulogium_fw-la quote_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n mention_n a_o great_a council_n at_o london_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o year_n of_o king_n john_n where_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v present_a cum_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la i._n e._n say_v dr._n heylin_n in_o the_o same_o place_n the_o clergy_n of_o both_o rank_n and_o order_n with_o all_o the_o laity_n call_v here_o secta_fw-la laicalis_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v then_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o the_o dr._n proceed_v thus_o and_o in_o possession_n of_o this_o right_a the_o clergy_n stand_v when_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v set_v forth_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o 3_o d._n wherein_o the_o freedom_n right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n of_o which_o this_o evident_o be_v one_o be_v confirm_v to_o they_o i._n e._n the_o whole_a clergy_n in_o general_n i_o have_v here_o show_v you_o what_o dr._n heylins_n sense_n be_v to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o a_o high_a churchman_n think_v it_o no_o heresy_n to_o be_v of_o our_o opinion_n and_o to_o maintain_v as_o he_o do_v all_o along_o in_o that_o chapter_n that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n long_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n continue_v to_o be_v so_o till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 4_o the_o at_o least_o but_o that_o their_o consent_n be_v also_o ancient_o ask_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o from_o the_o continuation_n of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o far_o that_o they_o be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la who_o though_o he_o be_v explode_v as_o a_o ancient_a author_n yet_o certain_o be_v a_o good_a witness_n for_o his_o 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the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o show_v plain_o that_o though_o they_o be_v sometime_o summon_v as_o a_o part_n yet_o be_v certain_o no_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o this_o general_a council_n since_o they_o be_v omit_v in_o so_o many_o of_o they_o
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of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o also_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n make_v use_v of_o in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v of_o a_o more_o comprehensive_a signification_n than_o to_o be_v confine_v to_o they_o alone_o but_o you_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o prove_v that_o these_o gentleman_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v have_v place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n or_o whether_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o manor_n or_o great_a freeholder_n in_o england_n appear_v there_o in_o person_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o under_a tenant_n therefore_o i_o pray_v be_v a_o little_a more_o clear_a in_o this_o point_n and_o show_v i_o some_o authority_n that_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v be_v always_o constituent_a member_n of_o parliament_n ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n for_o methinks_v you_o waver_v in_o this_o matter_n and_o sometime_o you_o seem_v to_o assert_v the_o former_a and_o sometime_o the_o latter_a f._n i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o my_o humour_n to_o be_v positive_a in_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o the_o least_o doubtful_a or_o obscure_a and_o therefore_o as_o i_o will_v not_o maintain_v that_o knight_n of_o shire_n always_o a_o constituent_a part_n of_o parliament_n before_o your_o conquest_n or_o present_o be_v after_o though_o it_o be_v positive_o assert_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la since_o the_o antiquity_n of_o that_o piece_n be_v just_o question_v by_o mr._n selden_n and_o other_o modern_a antiquary_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o shall_v not_o assert_v that_o they_o be_v not_o there_o at_o all_o but_o this_o much_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n long_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o 18_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o as_o for_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n 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first_o appear_v at_o our_o great_a council_n i_o shall_v therefore_o give_v you_o another_o quotation_n out_o of_o the_o same_o old_a monk_n sulcardus_n which_o immediate_o follow_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n but_o now_o cite_v and_o it_o have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o not_o only_o by_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o etc._n etc._n but_o by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n himself_o in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciale_n as_o also_o by_o the_o author_n of_o argumentum_fw-la aâ—tinormaunicum_n to_o prove_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o a_o great_a council_n in_o the_o 9th_o year_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1075._o the_o word_n as_o cite_v in_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n be_v these_o that_o after_o the_o king_n have_v subscribe_v his_o name_n to_o this_o charter_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n add_v many_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n instead_o of_o cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la have_v these_o word_n multis_fw-la praeterea_fw-la illustrissimis_fw-la virorum_fw-la personis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la principibus_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la omissis_fw-la qui_fw-la huic_fw-la confirmationi_fw-la piisimo_fw-la affectu_fw-la testes_fw-la &_o â—autores_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la hii_n autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempore_fw-la à _fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o urbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la christiane_n ecclesâ—e_fw-la audiendis_fw-la &_o tractandis_fw-la ad_fw-la praescriptum_fw-la celeberriumum_fw-la coenobium_fw-la quod_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la convoceti_n now_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o this_o author_n provincia_n that_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n do_v render_v provincia_n for_o a_o county_n or_o shire_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v
england_n at_o this_o day_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o far_o dispute_v this_o matter_n at_o this_o time_n therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o authority_n out_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n prove_v that_o any_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o to_o have_v be_v there_o f._n though_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v from_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o as_o also_o from_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o many_o more_o member_n than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o the_o historian_n and_o armalist_n of_o those_o time_n do_v comprehend_v all_o the_o several_a order_n under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la or_o magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o chron._n of_o thom._n wike_n a._n d._n 1237._o where_o it_o be_v only_o say_v in_o general_a that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la regni_fw-la do_v in_o that_o year_n be_v the_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o grant_v the_o king_n a_o 30_o the_o of_o all_o their_o movable_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o which_o be_v more_o remarkable_a the_o parliament_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o 1264._o be_v 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n be_v only_o thus_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n in_o a_o historical_a way_n transacto_fw-la siquidem_fw-la viceâ—mo_fw-la die_fw-la nâ—tivitatis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la sacta_fw-la est_fw-la london_n pes_fw-la comitem_fw-la seil_fw-fr leyeestriae_fw-la convocatio_fw-la non_fw-la minima_fw-la procerum_fw-la anglicorum_n etc._n etc._n where_o in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n in_o this_o year_n it_o be_v only_o say_v factum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la magnum_fw-la londonia_n etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v observe_v that_o either_o the_o commons_o be_v mention_v by_o wike_n under_o the_o name_n of_o proceres_fw-la or_o not_o at_o all_o and_o that_o under_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la the_o commons_o be_v then_o comprehend_v appear_v by_o the_o agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o baron_n there_o extant_a 217._o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v de_fw-fr unanimi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la sâ—ili_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la nostri_fw-la praeletorum_fw-la vomitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o communitatis_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la now_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v since_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o that_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o and_o consequent_o must_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o phrase_n of_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o first_o time_n they_o have_v be_v summon_v it_o be_v strange_a none_o of_o these_o author_n shall_v take_v any_o notice_n of_o so_o remarkable_a a_o alteration_n and_o change_v of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o bâ—rgesses_n be_v also_o summon_v in_o the_o next_o year_n in_o a_o parliament_n of_o the_o 50_o the_o of_o this_o king_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o say_a wike_n chronicle_n 8â—_n ann._n dom._n 1265._o where_o he_o set_v down_o all_o the_o constituent_a estate_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v summon_v to_o meet_v at_o westminster_n at_o the_o translation_n of_o st._n edward_n relic_n in_o these_o word_n convocatis_fw-la universis_fw-la angliae_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la cunctarum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la civitatum_fw-la paritir_n &_o burgorum_n potentioribus_fw-la ut_fw-la translationis_fw-la solemnia_fw-la celebrius_fw-la illustrarent_fw-la wherethe_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v comprehend_v under_o magnates_n and_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v here_o style_v potentiores_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o burgorum_n and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o only_o for_o a_o mere_a ceremony_n but_o for_o parliament_n business_n also_o see_v the_o next_o page_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o celebratae_fw-la tundem_fw-la tuntae_fw-la translationis_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la â—â—perunt_fw-la nobiles_fw-la i._n e._n all_o the_o estate_n above_o mention_v ut_fw-la assolent_fw-la parliamentationis_fw-la genere_fw-la de_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la pertracture_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o which_o parliament_n the_o king_n so_o far_o prevail_v as_o to_o obtain_v a_o 20_o the_o part_n of_o all_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o yet_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o year_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o this_o parliament_n but_o only_o say_v in_o general_n that_o st._n edward_n body_n be_v this_o year_n translate_v into_o its_o new_a shrine_n and_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n print_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n under_o this_o year_n make_v mention_n of_o this_o parliament_n in_o general_a term_n thus_o facta_fw-la convocatione_n episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la priorum_fw-la &_o multerum_fw-la aliorum_fw-la so_o uncertain_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v whole_o to_o depend_v upon_o the_o general_a expression_n of_o monkish_a writer_n without_o compare_v they_o and_o the_o record_n together_o and_o consider_v the_o subject_a matter_n about_o which_o they_o treat_v nor_o can_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n be_v shape_z and_o change_v as_o often_o as_o they_o do_v their_o phrase_n and_o way_n of_o express_v the_o part_n of_o they_o for_o they_o not_o foresee_v the_o difference_n that_o may_v arise_v about_o these_o matter_n have_v no_o reason_n particular_o to_o recite_v the_o constituent_a member_n or_o estate_n of_o parliament_n as_o often_o as_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v they_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v who_o they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n but_o to_o prove_v further_o that_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a there_o be_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 49_o the_o may_v appear_v by_o his_o writ_n still_o extant_a among_o the_o parent_n roll_v of_o the_o 54_o the_o of_o this_o king_n 7._o where_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o it_o not_o seem_v safe_a to_o the_o praelatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o communicati_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la that_o both_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n prince_n edward_n shall_v be_v both_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o once_o in_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o give_v the_o whole_a subsidy_n of_o a_o 20_o the_o grant_v he_o by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o his_o say_a son_n and_o that_o it_o continue_v so_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o edward_n the_o fir_v reign_v appear_v by_o a_o protestation_n in_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o this_o king_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_n wherein_o he_o recite_v a_o 15_o the_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v he_o of_o all_o movable_n by_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n ac_fw-la alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v alter_v every_o year_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n for_o we_o to_o believe_v any_o change_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d._n this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v you_o that_o before_o the_o time_n you_o mention_v nor_o only_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n do_v appear_v in_o parliament_n both_o before_o your_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o and_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n 1_n m._n i_o believe_v the_o commons_o may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a word_n magnate_v &_o proceres_fw-la by_o wikes_n chronicle_n in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o or_o else_o not_o be_v mention_v at_o all_o which_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o believe_v and_o i_o must_v also_o confess_v that_o the_o other_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n concern_v the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v summon_v either_o to_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o be_v more_o than_o i_o before_o ever_o take_v notice_n of_o yet_o since_o this_o author_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o nor_o how_o many_o of_o they_o be_v there_o whether_o one_o only_o or_o more_o for_o each_o city_n and_o burrough_n town_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o people_n or_o nominate_v by_o the_o king_n to_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o appear_v from_o this_o author_n but_o as_o for_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o though_o it_o may_v signify_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o that_o record_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v not_o again_o summon_v to_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o
in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n i._n and_o his_o progenitor_n have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n or_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v have_v ever_o receive_v this_o petition_n without_o indignation_n and_o a_o severe_a rebuke_n for_o their_o impudence_n if_o all_o the_o world_n theâ—_n know_v as_o certain_o they_o must_v be_v it_o true_a that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o election_n of_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o fifty_o year_n before_o the_o 8_o of_o ed._n ii_o who_o from_o thence_o have_v appear_v no_o more_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o ed._n i._n which_o be_v but_o 24_o year_n before_o the_o delivery_n of_o this_o petition_n a_o time_n which_o must_v have_v be_v then_o fresh_a in_o the_o memory_n of_o most_o of_o the_o king_n council_n there_o present_a whereas_o they_o allow_v this_o general_a claim_n of_o prescription_n and_o every_o person_n though_o but_o mean_o skill_a in_o our_o law_n do_v understand_v a_o general_a prescription_n viz._n à _fw-fr tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la contrarium_fw-la memoria_fw-la hominum_fw-la non_fw-la existit_fw-la what_o it_o be_v then_o and_o so_o remain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n as_o appear_v by_o our_o ancient_a record_n law-book_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n and_o sure_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n do_v not_o ground_n their_o petition_n of_o right_n upon_o a_o affirmation_n in_o nubes_fw-la 11._o but_o the_o justice_n &_o certainty_n of_o their_o claim_n as_o they_o very_o well_o know_v which_o so_o they_o pray_v it_o may_v be_v examine_v by_o uncontrollable_a proof_n the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n and_o the_o king_n chancellor_z and_o all_o the_o council_n do_v no_o less_o know_v there_o be_v such_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n and_o therefore_o order_v their_o search_n whereas_o if_o the_o very_a ground_n of_o their_o petition_n have_v be_v notorious_o false_a and_o idle_a as_o it_o must_v have_v be_v if_o neither_o this_o nor_o any_o other_o burrow_n have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o then_o instead_o of_o record_v this_o petition_n and_o answer_n to_o future_a age_n they_o will_v with_o contempt_n and_o indignation_n have_v reject_v it_o nor_o will_v the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n council_n and_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n against_o who_o this_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v have_v be_v want_v in_o their_o own_o defence_n to_o have_v show_v that_o this_o ancient_a prescription_n not_o only_o of_o this_o but_o of_o all_o other_o burrough_n be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n and_o fable_n but_o instead_o of_o this_o we_o do_v not_o find_v they_o make_v any_o opposition_n against_o it_o because_o they_o know_v they_o have_v be_v summon_v and_o appear_v at_o divers_a parliament_n before_o that_o time_n 202._o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o prins_n parliamentary_a register_n they_o be_v in_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v almost_o as_o early_o as_o we_o have_v any_o writ_n of_o summons_n leave_v we_o to_o the_o commons_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n in_o this_o 28_o return_n that_o the_o bailiff_n have_v make_v no_o return_n of_o the_o precept_n send_v they_o yet_o this_o plain_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o burrow_n and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n or_o else_o it_o have_v be_v a_o vain_a thing_n for_o he_o to_o have_v send_v they_o any_o such_o precept_n at_o all_o and_o though_o it_o be_v also_o true_a there_o be_v no_o more_o return_v from_o st._n alban_n leave_v we_o till_o the_o 35th_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o yet_o that_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n against_o their_o appearance_n in_o the_o former_a year_n since_o the_o writ_n and_o return_v upon_o they_o be_v in_o loose_a bit_n of_o parchment_n may_v very_o well_o be_v lose_v as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v for_o many_o other_o place_n but_o that_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n be_v summon_v 7._o and_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o 35th_o of_o edw._n i._n appear_v though_o the_o return_v be_v lose_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n of_o this_o year_n be_v the_o first_o we_o have_v leave_v we_o in_o prin_n parliamentary_a register_n for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o which_o lift_v the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n be_v first_o upon_o the_o roll_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o parliament_n before_o this_o time_n may_v further_o appear_v by_o that_o clause_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o writ_n which_o i_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o viz._n that_o they_o be_v to_o have_v their_o experce_n for_o come_v stay_v and_o return_v prout_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la consimili_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la which_o word_n relate_v to_o ancient_a custom_n and_o extend_v to_o st._n alban_n as_o well_o as_o no_o any_o other_o burrow_n there_o mention_v and_o that_o they_o also_o be_v summon_v &_o appear_v in_o primo_fw-la &_o jecundo_fw-la of_o edward_n the_o second_o in_o who_o reign_n this_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v you_o may_v see_v in_o prin_n parliamentary_a register_n both_o three_o and_o four_o part_n 900._o in_o the_o last_o of_o which_o you_o may_v find_v the_o name_n of_o the_o burgess_n return_v in_o the_o first_o and_o five_o of_o this_o king_n as_o they_o may_v have_v be_v see_v also_o in_o the_o second_o have_v not_o the_o return_n as_o mr._n prin_fw-mi then_o acknowledge_v be_v tear_v off_o though_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o appear_v there_o and_o so_o may_v be_v likewise_o lose_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n till_o the_o second_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o when_o we_o find_v they_o appear_v again_o and_o so_o continue_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o this_o day_n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n of_o their_o non_fw-la appearance_n from_o the_o defect_n of_o record_n i_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o london_n and_o several_a other_o city_n do_v not_o send_v any_o citizen_n to_o parliament_n in_o several_a king_n reign_v as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o this_o list_n of_o town_n who_o writ_n of_o expense_n we_o now_o mention_v of_o the_o â—5th_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o firstâ—_o where_o london_n and_o most_o other_o great_a city_n be_v omit_v and_o yet_o st._n alban_n be_v in_o to_o conclude_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a claim_n of_o this_o burrow_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o edward_n the_o second_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n bendâ—llo_n that_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o abbot_n have_v refuse_v to_o levy_v the_o expense_n for_o ralph_n and_o peter_n picot_n who_o have_v serve_v as_o burgess_n for_o the_o say_a town_n in_o the_o last_o parliament_n whereupon_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o peter_n set_v forth_o before_o the_o king_n that_o the_o say_a town_n use_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v with_o other_o burrough_n of_o the_o say_a county_n for_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n totis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o free_a burrough_n and_o use_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n which_o have_v be_v summon_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la and_o that_o the_o burgess_n of_o the_o say_a town_n use_v to_o receive_v their_o expense_n as_o the_o burgess_n of_o other_o burrough_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o which_o plea_n and_o petition_n of_o the_o say_a burgess_n when_o the_o king_n have_v appoint_v a_o day_n both_o to_o the_o say_a burgess_n and_o bailiff_n of_o the_o abbot_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o in_o chancery_n they_o fail_v at_o the_o day_n appoint_v the_o king_n therefore_o issue_v out_o this_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n to_o summon_v the_o say_a abbot_n and_o bailiff_n to_o appear_v again_o before_o he_o to_o show_v cause_n why_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o peter_n shall_v not_o receive_v their_o expense_n as_o aforesaid_a m._n i_o will_v consider_v further_o of_o this_o argument_n for_o i_o must_v ingenious_o confess_v i_o never_o hear_v or_o understand_v so_o much_o of_o this_o matter_n before_o but_o pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o authority_n f._n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o burrough_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o admit_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n but_o that_o also_o that_o it_o be_v the_o belief_n of_o succeed_a parliament_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n long_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o for_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o call_v to_o mind_v that_o king_n john_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o his_o reign_n make_v himself_o and_o crown_n tributary_n
parliament_n m._n these_o authority_n though_o material_a yet_o do_v not_o in_o my_o opinion_n reach_v the_o point_n you_o be_v to_o prove_v viz._n that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n i._o for_o both_o these_o authority_n though_o admit_v for_o good_a yet_o reach_v no_o high_a than_o king_n john_n time_n which_o be_v within_o memory_n as_o yourself_o have_v now_o set_v forth_o since_o the_o word_n progenitor_n need_v not_o be_v extend_v any_o further_a than_o the_o time_n of_o that_o king_n who_o be_v great_a grandfather_n to_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o second_o to_o who_o these_o petition_n be_v make_v by_o these_o townsman_n and_o so_o do_v not_o clear_o amount_v to_o your_o full_a time_n of_o prescription_n viz._n before_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n 1_n f._n well_o pray_v remember_v that_o if_o you_o grant_v this_o you_o have_v lose_v your_o cause_n since_o certain_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n 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these_o petition_n and_o the_o writ_n upon_o they_o have_v be_v idle_a and_o ridiculous_a last_o that_o this_o claim_n of_o be_v thus_o exempt_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v extend_v beyond_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o first_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o for_o good_a in_o both_o these_o writ_n only_o in_o the_o last_o the_o king_n will_v be_v inform_v whether_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o gavel_n kind_a or_o not_o so_o that_o the_o conclusion_n must_v be_v that_o if_o these_o tenant_n in_o ancient_n demesne_n and_o gavel-kind_n be_v always_o exempt_v from_o pay_v to_o the_o wage_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n beyond_o memory_n i._n e._n by_o prescription_n then_o certain_o those_o knight_n must_v have_v be_v choose_v time_n beyond_o memory_n i_o can_v give_v you_o several_a other_o writ_n of_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o over_o charge_v you_o now_o certain_o if_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v thus_o elect_v time_n beyond_o memory_n the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n must_v have_v be_v so_o too_o since_o in_o scotland_n where_o there_o be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n no_o commissioner_n for_o the_o shire_n yet_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n ever_o send_v delegate_n to_o parliament_n as_o your_o dr._n himself_o allow_v m._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n concern_v this_o prescription_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o since_o mr._n prin_fw-mi in_o his_o second_o and_o three_o part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n have_v prove_v totum_fw-la 1._o that_o all_o the_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o to_o prove_v this_o prescription_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o another_o sense_n than_o what_o you_o will_v now_o put_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o though_o mr._n lambard_n and_o other_o of_o great_a note_n lay_v the_o original_a title_n and_o right_n 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of_o old_a time_n 1._o the_o next_o statute_n be_v of_o 11_o of_o
subject_n there_o lay_v down_o into_o eight_o discourse_n since_o be_v oblige_v to_o vindicate_v the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o cavil_n of_o some_o late_a writer_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o consider_v what_o dr._n brady_n have_v with_o so_o great_a industry_n heap_v together_o against_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v ancient_o a_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o iii_o in_o the_o do_n of_o which_o if_o i_o have_v prove_v too_o prolix_a i_o can_v only_o say_v i_o can_v not_o avoid_v it_o without_o baulk_a those_o argument_n the_o doctor_n have_v make_v use_n of_o to_o support_v his_o opinion_n but_o have_v already_o treat_v in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o dialogue_n upon_o the_o question_n of_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n as_o a_o moralist_n and_o a_o divine_a i_o come_v now_o to_o handle_v the_o same_o question_n as_o a_o lawyer_n and_o to_o examine_v whether_o by_o the_o 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contrary_a opinion_n serious_o to_o consider_v all_o the_o inconvenience_n and_o mischief_n that_o may_v happen_v on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o king_n be_v invest_v with_o a_o absolute_a irresistible_a power_n not_o only_o to_o issue_v what_o commission_n but_o to_o who_o and_o to_o what_o end_v he_o please_v though_o never_o so_o illegal_a and_o arbitrary_a and_o that_o the_o whole_a nation_n must_v yield_v a_o active_a obedience_n or_o at_o least_o a_o passive_a submission_n to_o they_o without_o the_o least_o resistance_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o assist_v any_o foreign_a prince_n who_o shall_v come_v in_o to_o their_o assistance_n as_o his_o present_a majesty_n when_o prince_n of_o orange_n generous_o do_v and_o when_o any_o man_n have_v without_o prejudice_n and_o passion_n consider_v consequence_n i_o shall_v free_o leave_v it_o to_o he_o to_o embrace_v which_o side_n he_o please_v since_o i_o hope_v it_o be_v neither_o heresy_n nor_o treason_n to_o be_v of_o either_o and_o therefore_o i_o only_o desire_v the_o reader_n to_o peruse_v this_o discourse_n without_o passion_n or_o prejudice_n and_o then_o it_o be_v indifferent_a to_o i_o what_o party_n he_o take_v since_o i_o think_v man_n may_v be_v honest_a and_o conscientious_a who_o believe_v either_o way_n and_o i_o do_v not_o expect_v nor_o desire_v any_o man_n to_o be_v of_o this_o or_o that_o opinion_n far_o than_o his_o reason_n shall_v guide_v he_o in_o which_o if_o he_o be_v mistake_v he_o have_v no_o body_n to_o blame_v but_o himself_o since_o he_o be_v not_o sit_v to_o judge_v who_o be_v to_o be_v trust_v with_o argument_n only_o for_o that_o which_o he_o already_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o right_a side_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o mind_n you_o of_o at_o present_a but_o to_o suppose_v these_o paper_n to_o be_v write_v before_o their_o present_a majesty_n be_v declare_v king_n and_o queen_n and_o in_o a_o time_n when_o every_o body_n not_o only_o think_v but_o speak_v free_o the_o nine_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n and_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n f._n sir_n i_o be_o glad_a to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o for_o i_o be_v just_a now_o look_v over_o some_o of_o our_o old_a historian_n that_o lie_v here_o upon_o the_o table_n to_o rub_v up_o my_o memory_n for_o sufficient_a instance_n and_o authority_n that_o it_o have_v be_v always_o the_o receive_a and_o constant_a custom_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o defend_v the_o ancient_a government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n by_o general_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o also_o their_o just_a liberty_n and_o property_n not_o only_o by_o remonstrance_n and_o petition_n to_o but_o by_o force_n too_o against_o the_o king_n and_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o in_o case_n they_o find_v they_o evident_o and_o violent_o invade_v beyond_o what_o any_o fair_a or_o gentle_a mean_n and_o intercession_n be_v able_a to_o redress_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v go_v as_o high_a as_o the_o time_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n of_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n be_v descend_v after_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n have_v prevail_v over_o all_o the_o rest_n i_o shall_v therefore_o begin_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o sigehert_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n who_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o your_o six_o conversation_n break_v the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o tyrannize_a over_o all_o form_n of_o people_n be_v in_o a_o general_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n depose_v and_o expel_v into_o the_o forest_n of_o audredswald_n where_o he_o be_v afterward_o slay_v by_o a_o hogheard_n as_o the_o saxon_n annal_n under_o the_o year_n 755._o as_o also_o huntingdon_n and_o malâ—sbury_n relate_v i_o shall_v not_o mention_v the_o deposition_n of_o king_n edwin_n by_o the_o mercian_n and_o northumbrian_n and_o their_o choose_v his_o brother_n edgar_n in_o his_o stead_n because_o not_o do_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o also_o for_o slight_a and_o insufficient_a ground_n therefore_o since_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n do_v afford_v we_o no_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n among_o the_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_a race_n to_o which_o i_o only_o confine_v myself_o since_o those_o king_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o war_n with_o the_o dane_n to_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v somewhat_o else_o to_o think_v on_o than_o the_o make_n themselves_o absolute_a or_o tyrannize_a over_o their_o subject_n but_o indeed_o there_o be_v scarce_o to_o be_v find_v in_o history_n a_o succession_n of_o more_o mild_a just_a and_o valiant_a prince_n than_o egbert_n the_o first_o king_n of_o all_o england_n and_o his_o descendant_n m._n pray_v sir_n tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_v you_o cite_v these_o instance_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n depose_v and_o cast_v off_o their_o king_n in_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n be_v it_o that_o you_o will_v justify_v that_o commonwealth_n principle_n that_o the_o parliament_n have_v the_o like_a power_n to_o depose_v the_o king_n at_o this_o day_n in_o case_n of_o any_o infringement_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n as_o those_o of_o your_o party_n now_o term_v it_o if_o you_o do_v pray_v speak_v plain_a and_o then_o i_o shall_v know_v what_o answer_n to_o give_v you_o f._n i_o assert_v it_o as_o undeniable_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o the_o english_a saxon_n do_v often_o exercise_v that_o power_n they_o have_v reserve_v to_o themselves_o of_o elect_v and_o depose_v their_o king_n when_o they_o become_v insupportable_a for_o tyranny_n or_o misgovernment_n as_o appear_v not_o only_o in_o
there_o be_v no_o other_o mean_n leave_v but_o to_o resist_v it_o if_o they_o be_v able_a m._n i_o can_v give_v you_o very_o good_a reason_n to_o satisfy_v you_o why_o though_o i_o grant_v private_a subject_n may_v judge_v of_o the_o legality_n or_o illegality_n of_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o also_o refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o illegal_a command_n and_o also_o that_o all_o public_a officer_n ought_v to_o take_v care_n at_o their_o peril_n how_o they_o act_v by_o or_o execute_v such_o illegal_a commission_n yet_o that_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o such_o illegal_a commission_n or_o order_n though_o execute_v upon_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n may_v be_v resist_v by_o they_o for_o all_o limitation_n of_o the_o royal_a power_n be_v only_o voluntary_a and_o proceed_v from_o the_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n of_o our_o king_n they_o be_v not_o compellable_n by_o force_n or_o resistable_a if_o they_o shall_v impose_v their_o own_o proclamation_n deinde_fw-la or_o edict_n upon_o we_o instead_o of_o law_n for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o just_a or_o legal_a authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n and_o that_o if_o he_o know_o put_v any_o subject_n to_o death_n contrary_a to_o law_n he_o be_v a_o murderer_n and_o no_o prince_n can_v have_v any_o such_o prerogative_n as_o to_o commit_v open_a downright_a murder_n either_o in_o his_o own_o person_n or_o by_o those_o who_o act_n by_o commission_n from_o he_o but_o what_o follow_v from_o hence_o that_o they_o may_v resist_v or_o oppose_v they_o if_o they_o do_v this_o i_o absolute_o deny_v because_o god_n and_o the_o law_n have_v command_v we_o not_o to_o resist_v and_o i_o see_v no_o inconsistency_n between_o those_o two_o proposition_n that_o a_o king_n have_v no_o authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n and_o yet_o that_o neither_o he_o nor_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o though_o act_v against_o law_n may_v be_v resist_v both_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o our_o country_n suppose_v these_o two_o to_o be_v very_o consistent_a for_o notwithstanding_o the_o possibility_n that_o prince_n may_v thus_o abuse_v their_o power_n and_o transgress_v the_o law_n whereby_o they_o ought_v to_o govern_v yet_o they_o also_o command_v subject_n in_o no_o case_n to_o resist_v and_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o justify_v resistance_n if_o prince_n do_v what_o they_o have_v no_o just_a authority_n to_o do_v unless_o we_o have_v also_o a_o just_a authority_n to_o resist_v he_o who_o exceed_v the_o just_a bound_n of_o this_o authory_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n for_o it_o but_o he_o be_v accountable_a only_o to_o those_o who_o have_v a_o superior_a authority_n to_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n no_o power_n whatsoever_o be_v accountable_a to_o a_o inferior_a for_o this_o be_v a_o contradiction_n to_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o power_n and_o destructive_a of_o all_o order_n and_o civil_a government_n inferior_a magistrate_n be_v on_o all_o hand_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v liable_a to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o abuse_n of_o their_o power_n but_o to_o who_o must_v they_o give_v a_o account_n not_o to_o their_o inferior_n not_o to_o the_o people_n who_o they_o be_v to_o govern_v but_o to_o superior_a magistrate_n or_o to_o the_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o govern_v all_o thus_o the_o sovereign_a prince_n may_v exceed_v his_o authority_n and_o be_v accountable_a for_o it_o to_o a_o superior_a power_n but_o because_o he_o have_v no_o superior_a power_n on_o earth_n he_o can_v be_v resist_v by_o his_o own_o subject_n but_o must_v be_v reserve_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o god_n who_o alone_o be_v the_o king_n of_o king_n f._n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o deny_v and_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o contrary_a that_o all_o limitation_n of_o royal_a power_n proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n of_o our_o king_n since_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v be_v from_o its_o first_o institution_n limit_v by_o law_n and_o the_o people_n have_v likewise_o always_o enjoy_v a_o property_n in_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o same_o law_n though_o i_o grant_v you_o and_o i_o be_v thus_o far_o agree_v that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o just_a and_o and_o legal_a authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n and_o that_o if_o he_o put_v any_o man_n to_o death_n or_o take_v away_o his_o estate_n contrary_a to_o it_o it_o be_v murder_n and_o robbery_n and_o likewise_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v be_v capable_a of_o judge_v concern_v such_o illegal_a command_n but_o you_o will_v not_o allow_v that_o if_o such_o a_o limited_a monarch_n shall_v send_v his_o mercenary_a force_n to_o take_v away_o our_o estate_n or_o to_o dragoon_n we_o till_o we_o will_v own_v ourselves_o of_o his_o religion_n that_o those_o instrument_n of_o his_o tyranny_n may_v be_v resist_v or_o that_o i_o have_v bring_v any_o reason_n for_o it_o whereas_o if_o you_o have_v but_o attend_v better_a to_o my_o discourse_n at_o our_o 3d_o and_o four_o meeting_n you_o may_v have_v remember_v that_o i_o plain_o enough_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o god_n have_v not_o give_v prince_n nor_o those_o commissioned_n by_o they_o any_o authority_n to_o murder_n or_o enslave_v their_o subject_n and_o yourself_o then_o grant_v that_o every_o man_n have_v power_n to_o defend_v his_o life_n against_o he_o who_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v it_o away_o 59_o which_o hold_v more_o strong_o in_o our_o constitution_n where_o if_o the_o king_n give_v a_o man_n a_o commission_n to_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v altogether_o void_a and_o the_o people_n may_v as_o well_o justify_v their_o resistance_n of_o those_o officer_n or_o soldier_n who_o shall_v come_v to_o dragoon_n or_o persecute_v they_o for_o profess_v the_o religion_n establish_v by_o law_n as_o if_o he_o have_v send_v they_o downright_a to_o cut_v their_o throat_n and_o this_o be_v their_o right_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n whether_o god_n have_v take_v away_o this_o right_n by_o any_o express_a precept_n in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n i_o also_o examine_v at_o those_o meeting_n but_o whether_o any_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o land_n have_v restrain_v we_o from_o it_o i_o have_v also_o now_o consider_v and_o prove_v it_o contrary_n to_o the_o true_a intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o these_o act_n concern_v the_o militia_n and_o therefore_o to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o justify_v resistance_n if_o prince_n do_v or_o command_v what_o they_o have_v no_o legal_a authority_n for_o unless_o we_o can_v also_o show_v a_o authority_n to_o resist_v be_v a_o mistake_n if_o by_o authority_n you_o mean_v a_o express_a civil_a law_n for_o it_o because_o such_o resistance_n in_o absolute_a monarchy_n be_v justifiable_a by_o that_o which_o be_v prior_n to_o all_o civil_a law_n the_o right_a of_o self-defence_n or_o preservation_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o limit_a kingdom_n there_o be_v the_o same_o necessity_n of_o defensive_a arm_n upon_o a_o general_a breach_n or_o violation_n of_o any_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n since_o it_o can_v be_v keep_v or_o maintain_v without_o such_o resistance_n be_v allow_v so_o that_o if_o the_o king_n have_v no_o authority_n to_o act_v contrary_a to_o law_n he_o can_v sure_o delegate_v that_o to_o other_o which_o he_o have_v not_o in_o himself_o and_o consequent_o such_o commission_n to_o persecute_v or_o murder_n man_n contrary_a to_o law_n be_v in_o themselves_o void_a the_o person_n that_o execute_v they_o be_v no_o officer_n may_v be_v just_o resist_v and_o the_o resistance_n of_o such_o a_o illegal_a act_n do_v not_o at_o all_o derogate_a from_o his_o sovereignty_n as_o king_n since_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o that_o be_v limit_v only_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o legal_a act_n and_o extend_v not_o to_o illegal_a order_n or_o command_v and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o reason_n you_o give_v against_o this_o resistance_n viz._n because_o he_o who_o exceed_v the_o just_a bound_n of_o his_o authority_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n for_o it_o only_o by_o those_o who_o have_v a_o superior_a authority_n to_o do_v it_o whereas_o no_o power_n whatsoever_o be_v accountable_a to_o a_o inferior_a you_o do_v but_o impose_v upon_o i_o and_o yourself_o the_o same_o fallacy_n which_o you_o have_v so_o often_o make_v use_n of_o in_o make_v be_v accountable_a all_o one_o with_o irresistible_a which_o be_v vast_o different_a and_o therefore_o your_o conclusion_n be_v as_o false_a that_o because_o the_o sovereign_a prince_n may_v exceed_v his_o authority_n and_o be_v only_o accountable_a for_o it_o to_o god_n that_o therefore_o he_o can_v be_v resist_v by_o his_o own_o subject_n for_o he_o may_v
at_o all_o and_o therefore_o you_o be_v quite_o out_o in_o your_o law_n when_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o a_o absolute_a illegal_a judgement_n be_v valid_a till_o it_o be_v reverse_v for_o if_o it_o be_v appearant_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a form_n of_o law_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v valid_a that_o though_o it_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n it_o will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o null_n and_o do_v without_o any_o authority_n at_o all_o as_o suppose_v the_o king_n in_o person_n or_o any_o inferior_a judge_n 16._o shall_v condemn_v a_o man_n to_o die_v either_o contrary_a to_o the_o verdict_n of_o his_o jury_n or_o without_o any_o jury_n at_o all_o this_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v authoritative_a or_o valid_a that_o such_o a_o judgement_n be_v void_a in_o itself_o and_o those_o be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n who_o execute_v it_o and_o it_o will_v need_v no_o writ_n of_o error_n to_o reverse_v it_o but_o i_o suppose_v by_o illegal_a judgement_n you_o mean_v such_o judgement_n which_o have_v some_o error_n in_o they_o either_o in_o matter_n of_o law_n or_o form_n for_o which_o they_o may_v be_v reverse_v i_o grant_v if_o these_o shall_v not_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o valid_a and_o hold_v good_a till_o they_o be_v reverse_v in_o a_o high_a court_n there_o can_v not_o be_v any_o judgement_n give_v at_o all_o since_o all_o human_a judicatories_n whatsoever_o be_v subject_a to_o error_n and_o mistake_v and_o there_o be_v sure_a a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o such_o action_n as_o be_v do_v by_o that_o authority_n which_o the_o law_n entrust_v they_o with_o though_o not_o due_o exercise_v and_o those_o violent_a and_o illegal_a act_n which_o a_o prince_n when_o he_o persecute_v and_o enslave_v his_o subject_n perform_v by_o his_o wicked_a instrument_n contrary_a to_o all_o divine_a and_o human_a law_n so_o that_o the_o validity_n of_o such_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n be_v not_o from_o the_o judge_n personal_a authority_n above_o the_o law_n nor_o from_o his_o mistake_n or_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n but_o from_o that_o high_a credit_n and_o authority_n which_o the_o law_n have_v give_v to_o all_o court_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n which_o if_o they_o be_v do_v in_o due_a form_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o law_n however_o unjust_a and_o must_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v free_a from_o error_n till_o they_o be_v reverse_v in_o some_o high_a court._n m._n but_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v of_o it_o you_o will_v find_v a_o necessity_n of_o own_v a_o supreme_a power_n in_o the_o king_n beyond_o all_o appeal_n or_o resistance_n deinde_fw-la and_o that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o personal_a authority_n in_o he_o antecedent_n and_o superior_a to_o all_o civil_a law_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o law_n without_o a_o lawmaker_n and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o lawmaker_n unless_o there_o be_v one_o or_o more_o person_n invest_v with_o the_o power_n of_o government_n of_o which_o make_v law_n be_v one_o principal_a branch_n for_o a_o law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o public_a and_o declare_v will_n and_o command_v of_o the_o lawmaker_n whether_o they_o be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n or_o the_o people_n and_o hence_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n do_v not_o receive_v his_o authority_n from_o the_o law_n deinde_fw-la but_o law_n receive_v their_o authority_n from_o he_o and_o i_o must_v be_v still_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n as_o to_o bracton_n word_n which_o you_o before_o quote_v lex_fw-la facit_fw-la regem_fw-la the_o law_n make_v the_o king_n by_o which_o i_o can_v believe_v that_o that_o great_a lawyer_n mean_v that_o the_o king_n receive_v the_o sovereign_a power_n from_o the_o law_n for_o the_o the_o law_n have_v no_o authority_n nor_o can_v give_v any_o but_o what_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o king_n and_o than_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a riddle_n how_o the_o king_n shall_v receive_v his_o authority_n from_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v stick_v to_o my_o former_a interpretation_n that_o when_o he_o say_v the_o law_n make_v the_o king_n that_o be_v it_o distinguish_v he_o from_o a_o tyrant_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o it_o i._n e._n non_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la ubi_fw-la dominatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o non_fw-la lex_fw-la he_o be_v no_o king_n that_o govern_v by_o his_o arbitrary_a will_n and_o not_o by_o law_n not_o that_o he_o be_v no_o sovereign_a prince_n but_o he_o be_v a_o tyrant_n and_o not_o a_o king_n and_o hence_o it_o as_o evident_o follow_v that_o the_o be_v of_o sovereign_a power_n be_v independent_a on_o law_n that_o be_v as_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n do_v not_o receive_v his_o sovereign_a power_n from_o the_o law_n so_o shall_v he_o violate_v the_o law_n by_o which_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o govern_v yet_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v much_o less_o do_v he_o forfeit_v his_o power_n it_o be_v true_a he_o break_v his_o faith_n to_o god_n and_o his_o country_n but_o he_o be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n still_o and_o now_o i_o hope_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o every_o illegal_a act_n the_o king_n do_v or_o illegal_a commission_n that_o he_o grant_v be_v not_o a_o inauthoritative_a act_n or_o commission_n but_o lay_v on_o the_o subject_a a_o obligation_n to_o yield_v if_o not_o active_a yet_o a_o passive_a obedience_n and_o in_o the_o king_n be_v most_o illegal_a act_n though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o authority_n of_o law_n yet_o they_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v irrisistible_a and_o unaccountable_a in_o a_o word_n it_o do_v not_o become_v any_o man_n who_o can_v think_v three_o consequence_n off_o to_o talk_v of_o the_o authority_n of_o law_n in_o derogation_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o sovereign_a power_n the_o sovereign_a power_n make_v the_o law_n and_o can_v repeal_v they_o and_o dispense_v with_o they_o and_o make_v new_a law_n the_o only_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o 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these_o unjust_a decree_n may_v have_v patient_o submit_v to_o they_o without_o any_o protestation_n against_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o pretend_a court_n since_o they_o may_v for_o some_o prudential_a reason_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o submit_v to_o they_o without_o make_v any_o such_o protestation_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o not_o allow_v their_o authority_n but_o indeed_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v far_o otherwise_o for_o when_o a_o part_n of_o these_o commissioner_n sit_v at_o magdalen_n college_n to_o expel_v the_o say_a precedent_n and_o fellow_n from_o their_o place_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o the_o express_a statute_n of_o the_o college_n they_o do_v all_o several_o protest_v against_o their_o whole_a proceed_n and_o appeal_v to_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n and_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a proof_n how_o willing_o dr._n h._n the_o precedent_n of_o this_o college_n submit_v to_o this_o sentence_n by_o his_o lock_v the_o door_n of_o his_o lodging_n and_o leave_v the_o commissioner_n to_o break_v they_o open_a before_o they_o can_v get_v in_o and_o put_v in_o his_o pretend_a successor_n by_o force_n but_o as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v that_o the_o king_n be_v tell_v he_o may_v as_o supreme_a head_n of_o the_o church_n set_v up_o what_o new_a court_n he_o please_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n it_o be_v certain_o a_o great_a mistake_n for_o i_o utter_o deny_v that_o the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o erect_v any_o new_a court_n either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a unless_o by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n power_n to_o make_v a_o vicar_n general_a be_v only_o confirm_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o as_o be_v also_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a commission_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o if_o either_o of_o those_o high_a spirit_a prince_n hadâ—_n believe_v themselves_o to_o have_v be_v invest_v with_o such_o a_o 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together_o with_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o ely_n with_o divers_a other_o earl_n bishop_n and_o lord_n then_o in_o town_n have_v send_v a_o address_n to_o the_o prince_n immediate_o upon_o the_o king_n departure_n and_o send_v three_o lord_n and_o one_o bishop_n with_o it_o desire_v his_o highness_n to_o come_v speedy_o to_o london_n and_o to_o take_v the_o government_n upon_o he_o and_o have_v before_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v with_o their_o utmost_a endeavour_n assist_v his_o highness_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o a_o free_a parliament_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n have_v no_o reason_n upon_o the_o king_n return_n to_o surrender_v that_o power_n which_o the_o nation_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o do_v without_o a_o parliament_n have_v put_v into_o his_o hand_n and_o that_o to_o a_o king_n who_o he_o have_v very_o little_a reason_n to_o believe_v will_v use_v it_o any_o better_a than_o he_o have_v do_v before_o but_o i_o see_v you_o wilful_o decline_v enter_v into_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o argue_v the_o main_a point_n in_o the_o controversy_n viz._n whether_o the_o king_n be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n or_o peace_n with_o the_o prince_n upon_o his_o return_n for_o if_o he_o be_v still_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n the_o prince_n may_v certain_o very_o well_o justify_v his_o clap_v up_o the_o earl_n of_o feversham_n his_o late_a majesty_n general_n for_o offer_v to_o come_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o prince_n quarter_n without_o his_o leave_n especial_o since_o he_o be_v still_o answerable_a for_o do_v his_o endeavour_n to_o disband_v a_o army_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o consist_v of_o papist_n and_o foreigner_n with_o their_o arm_n in_o their_o hand_n whereby_o they_o may_v have_v rob_v and_o spoil_v the_o country_n or_o at_o least_o have_v keep_v those_o arm_n to_o renew_v the_o war_n again_o with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n so_o that_o certain_o it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o slight_a a_o thing_n as_o a_o 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what_o they_o be_v he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o but_o sure_o they_o be_v not_o proposition_n of_o peace_n since_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o king_n will_v not_o have_v send_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o consequence_n without_o first_o acquaint_v the_o privy_a council_n with_o it_o before_o it_o be_v send_v but_o since_o we_o hear_v of_o nothing_o concern_v they_o we_o may_v very_o well_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n or_o if_o there_o be_v his_o highness_n be_v the_o fit_a judge_n whether_o they_o be_v reasonable_a or_o not_o and_o if_o the_o king_n have_v any_o desire_n to_o propose_v any_o just_a or_o reasonable_a term_n whereupon_o he_o may_v have_v hope_v to_o have_v be_v restore_v again_o to_o his_o royal_a dignity_n he_o have_v a_o very_a â—air_a opportunity_n for_o it_o when_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v meet_v at_o st._n james_n in_o order_n to_o sign_n a_o association_n to_o stand_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o call_v of_o a_o 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to_o the_o purpose_n as_o long_o as_o the_o thing_n itself_o remain_v the_o same_o in_o substance_n as_o it_o be_v before_o for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o intent_n of_o the_o people_n who_o establish_v this_o form_n of_o government_n that_o upon_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n the_o government_n shall_v be_v so_o quite_o dissolve_v as_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o confuse_a multitude_n to_o choose_v what_o form_n of_o government_n they_o shall_v think_v fit_a therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o wish_v you_o will_v be_v persuade_v to_o own_o this_o government_n as_o it_o be_v now_o establish_v and_o to_o take_v 〈◊〉_d oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o be_v enjoin_v by_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n who_o be_v the_o only_a proper_a and_o legal_a judge_n we_o can_v now_o have_v of_o confer_v the_o right_n of_o those_o to_o who_o our_o allegiance_n be_v due_a and_o if_o in_o case_n a_o dispute_n about_o the_o right_a 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opinion_n but_o if_o king_n james_n have_v true_o abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v the_o crown_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o and_o that_o your_o suppose_a prince_n of_o wales_n either_o be_v not_o real_o or_o else_o can_v now_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o true_a son_n of_o the_o queen_n by_o reason_n of_o those_o obstacle_n and_o impediment_n i_o have_v show_v you_o i_o can_v see_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o contrary_a why_o you_o shall_v not_o be_v whole_o free_a and_o discharge_v from_o your_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n james_n so_o that_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v now_o place_v on_o the_o throne_n your_o allegiance_n to_o king_n james_n and_o the_o suppose_a prince_n of_o wales_n be_v lawful_o determine_v pray_v tell_v i_o therefore_o
of_o succession_n yet_o even_o that_o will_v not_o hold_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o present_a settlement_n thereof_o by_o the_o convention_n upon_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n for_o their_o two_o life_n since_o you_o can_v but_o know_v that_o no_o parliament_n yet_o be_v ever_o so_o presumptuous_a as_o to_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o settle_v or_o limit_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n then_o in_o be_v whereas_o the_o present_a settlement_n be_v first_o make_v by_o the_o convention_n upon_o the_o make_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n king_n and_o queen_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o another_o pretend_a act_n whereby_o all_o prince_n that_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v roman_a catholic_n when_o the_o crown_n shall_v descend_v unto_o they_o be_v debar_v from_o their_o right_n of_o succession_n this_o though_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v make_v after_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n 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the_o government_n in_o the_o unsettle_a state_n it_o be_v in_o to_o follow_v cromwell_n example_n and_o to_o impose_v no_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n at_o all_o since_o the_o government_n may_v be_v as_o secure_v without_o it_o as_o for_o all_o that_o i_o can_v see_v they_o can_v be_v with_o it_o and_o as_o it_o be_v now_o manage_v i_o see_v little_a it_o can_v serve_v for_o but_o to_o distinguish_v and_o divide_v we_o one_o from_o another_o and_o beside_o its_o be_v a_o snare_n to_o the_o conscience_n of_o so_o many_o that_o take_v it_o it_o be_v like_o also_o to_o prove_v the_o ruin_n of_o divers_a of_o our_o bishop_n and_o other_o honest_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o will_v certain_o rather_o lose_v their_o dignity_n and_o employment_n than_o ever_o take_v it_o which_o will_v also_o cause_v a_o great_a schism_n in_o the_o church_n as_o i_o doubt_v you_o will_v find_v when_o it_o be_v too_o late_o whereas_o if_o these_o man_n may_v have_v hold_v their_o 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your_o rightful_a prince_n but_o be_v unnecessary_a for_o those_o who_o you_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o suppose_v to_o be_v usurper_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v i_o must_v very_o much_o pity_v the_o overnice_a principle_n of_o those_o of_o your_o way_n who_o be_v true_o peaceable_a and_o conscientious_a and_o be_v like_a to_o be_v ruin_v by_o their_o refusal_n of_o it_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o it_o will_v be_v for_o the_o best_a to_o take_v this_o oath_n quite_o away_o since_o it_o will_v make_v a_o strange_a alteration_n in_o the_o government_n to_o admit_v all_o person_n into_o ordinary_a charge_n much_o less_o into_o employment_n of_o trust_n and_o profit_n without_o take_v any_o oath_n at_o all_o your_o only_a objection_n against_o it_o be_v these_o first_o that_o you_o doubt_v that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o impose_v promissory_n oath_n and_o the_o next_o be_v that_o it_o will_v not_o perform_v the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v intend_v viz._n to_o distinguish_v those_o who_o will_v serve_v the_o government_n faithful_o and_o those_o that_o will_v not_o since_o you_o confess_v that_o a_o great_a many_o who_o be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v in_o their_o conscience_n will_v for_o interest_n not_o only_o hold_v their_o old_a employment_n but_o will_v also_o take_v new_a one_o under_o it_o which_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o to_o be_v avoid_v if_o man_n will_v venture_v to_o be_v damn_v so_o likewise_o on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o quite_o take_v away_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n will_v not_o at_o all_o mend_v the_o matter_n but_o make_v it_o much_o worse_o since_o then_o not_o only_o those_o who_o consoience_n will_v give_v they_o leave_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n but_o also_o those_o who_o think_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o take_v they_o will_v be_v alike_o capable_a of_o employment_n and_o when_o they_o be_v in_o they_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o may_v be_v both_o alike_o free_a to_o act_v as_o they_o please_v against_o the_o present_a government_n and_o for_o restore_v of_o king_n james_n yet_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o for_o all_o that_o that_o i_o be_o much_o more_o fearful_a of_o the_o ill_a will_n or_o malice_n of_o those_o who_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o overthrow_v the_o present_a settlement_n and_o who_o continue_v stiff_a to_o their_o first_o principle_n than_o of_o those_o who_o will_v so_o far_o comply_v with_o this_o present_a government_n and_o their_o own_o interest_n as_o to_o take_v the_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n in_o whatever_o sense_n they_o please_v for_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o such_o man_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o right_a for_o the_o government_n as_o i_o can_v wish_v they_o yet_o either_o fear_n of_o punishment_n or_o else_o the_o consideration_n of_o their_o own_o self-interest_n will_v always_o make_v they_o desire_v to_o retain_v those_o employment_n they_o have_v already_o get_v since_o they_o can_v never_o be_v assure_v of_o better_v their_o condition_n under_o king_n james_n and_o a_o popish_a government_n shall_v he_o ever_o return_v whereas_o those_o that_o be_v bigoted_a to_o principle_n will_v always_o think_v it_o their_o duty_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o notion_n of_o a_o natural_a allegiance_n as_o well_o as_o their_o former_a oath_n to_o endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o by_o all_o the_o way_n and_o mean_n that_o can_v ever_o lie_v in_o their_o power_n but_o as_o for_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n since_o you_o yourself_o speak_v doubtful_o of_o it_o and_o few_o casuist_n except_o grotius_n have_v be_v of_o that_o opinion_n i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o quit_v our_o ancient_a law_n which_o particular_o prescribe_v that_o not_o only_o all_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n but_o also_o all_o other_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n shall_v take_v the_o old_a oath_n of_o fidelity_n or_o allegiance_n as_o we_o now_o style_v it_o in_o the_o court_n leet_n or_o sheriff_n tear_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n which_o oath_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o we_o can_v find_v of_o it_o in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o king_n william_n law_n which_o we_o have_v already_o recite_v as_o also_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n fidelitas_fw-la be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n as_o their_o liege_n lord_n of_o life_n and_o limb_n and_o which_o imply_v a_o active_a obedience_n to_o defend_v he_o against_o all_o his_o enemy_n without_o any_o exception_n of_o such_o as_o may_v claim_v by_o inheritance_n or_o right_a of_o blood_n now_o this_o be_v so_o i_o can_v be_v persuade_v that_o the_o government_n ought_v to_o quit_v any_o lawful_a mean_n whereby_o it_o may_v preserve_v itself_o and_o distinguish_v those_o who_o will_v real_o serve_v it_o from_o those_o who_o will_v not_o and_o though_o perhaps_o the_o government_n may_v find_v itself_o mistake_v in_o its_o account_n in_o some_o man_n who_o conscience_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o swallow_v any_o oath_n whatsoever_o yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v still_o safe_o maintain_v that_o it_o be_v still_o in_o less_o danger_n from_o a_o few_o such_o libertine_n than_o from_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n who_o will_v not_o only_o keep_v their_o place_n under_o this_o government_n but_o will_v also_o continue_v in_o a_o perfect_a state_n of_o war_n against_o it_o let_v they_o be_v treat_v never_o so_o kind_o and_o therefore_o as_o to_o those_o dreadful_a consequence_n of_o schism_n in_o the_o church_n and_o the_o lessen_v and_o divide_v our_o party_n as_o to_o the_o former_a we_o must_v run_v the_o hazard_n of_o it_o since_o it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o that_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v in_o some_o respect_v temporal_a baron_n hold_v their_o bishopric_n under_o any_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n without_o own_v his_o authority_n and_o i_o can_v also_o show_v you_o that_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n have_v either_o actual_o deprive_v or_o else_o declare_v such_o bishop_n traitor_n to_o the_o government_n so_o that_o if_o any_o such_o a_o schism_n be_v make_v it_o will_v proceed_v from_o a_o scandal_n unjust_o take_v by_o some_o scrupulous_a man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o government_n and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o inconvenience_n i_o think_v it_o be_v much_o safe_a for_o the_o government_n to_o employ_v few_o man_n then_o by_o not_o know_v who_o be_v friend_n or_o foe_n to_o trust_v all_o promiscuous_o though_o perhaps_o notwithstanding_o their_o utmost_a care_n some_o man_n of_o little_a or_o no_o conscience_n will_v place_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o they_o have_v do_v former_o which_o can_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n be_v prevent_v as_o i_o know_v off_o but_o by_o chusâ—ing_a man_n of_o honest_a principle_n
no_o reason_n since_o they_o be_v only_o declarative_a and_o persuant_n to_o the_o late_a act_n of_o the_o convention_n whereby_o after_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v declare_v that_o they_o be_v and_o of_o right_a aught_o to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n our_o sovereign_a liege_n lord_n and_o lady_n and_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n m._n well_o it_o be_v late_o and_o beside_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o argue_v this_o point_n any_o long_o since_o it_o concern_v not_o i_o nor_o any_o of_o my_o principle_n what_o new_a oath_n you_o make_v and_o impose_v upon_o those_o who_o conscience_n will_v never_o permit_v we_o to_o take_v they_o what_o i_o have_v say_v be_v only_o to_o show_v you_o the_o folly_n and_o weakness_n of_o such_o oath_n and_o consequent_o that_o they_o can_v be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o no_o other_o end_n then_o a_o renewal_a and_o aggravation_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o perjury_n among_o we_o which_o god_n forgive_v this_o sinful_a nation_n among_o the_o many_o cry_a sin_n it_o now_o grow_v under_o yet_o give_v i_o leave_v still_o to_o mind_v you_o that_o you_o have_v not_o give_v any_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o have_v make_v concern_v the_o schism_n that_o be_v like_a to_o follow_v from_o the_o deprive_v of_o all_o such_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o take_v the_o new_a oath_n by_o such_o a_o time_n which_o deprivation_n be_v uncanonical_o ordain_v by_o the_o mere_a lie_v power_n of_o the_o convention_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o convocation_n or_o synod_n such_o proceed_n be_v sufficient_a cause_n for_o all_o of_o our_o way_n to_o break_v off_o all_o church_n communion_n with_o you_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o those_o other_o bishop_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v deprive_v and_o new_a one_o put_v in_o their_o place_n since_o all_o church_n communion_n whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o lawfullness_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a pastor_n of_o our_o church_n f._n i_o forget_v to_o say_v any_o thing_n of_o this_o because_o i_o say_v so_o much_o to_o answer_v concern_v the_o new_a oath_n i_o propose_v as_o sit_v to_o take_v by_o those_o in_o place_n of_o trust_n but_o since_o you_o desire_v it_o i_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o though_o not_o so_o large_a as_o i_o can_v speak_v upon_o this_o subject_a first_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o it_o be_v altogether_o a_o new_a notion_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v the_o same_o power_n with_o person_n in_o the_o church_n as_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n have_v among_o the_o jew_n therefore_o you_o must_v either_o depart_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o this_o canon_n or_o else_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n who_o be_v certain_o as_o much_o the_o supreme_a 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seat_n viz._n constantinople_n antioch_n and_o alexandria_n but_o they_o be_v all_o nominate_v and_o put_v in_o and_o out_o at_o the_o grand_a signor_n nay_o vizier_n will_v and_o pleasure_n as_o any_o man_n who_o will_v but_o peâ—uâ—e_v sr._n paul_n rycaut_n account_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n may_v easy_o see_v but_o indeed_o you_o fall_v into_o this_o error_n for_o want_n of_o consider_v the_o original_n of_o bishoprics_a in_o england_n and_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o this_o intend_a deprivation_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o episcopacy_n be_v settle_v in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n yet_o all_o the_o sea_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o and_o such_o diocese_n have_v be_v whole_o owe_a to_o the_o bounty_n of_o our_o king_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n bull_n and_o since_o the_o reformation_n to_o the_o authority_n 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ordination_n and_o confirmation_n will_v be_v good_a even_o in_o our_o protestant_a church_n if_o such_o priest_n or_o child_n have_v afterward_o turn_v protestant_n since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n own_v the_o order_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v valid_a which_o be_v more_o than_o we_o do_v for_o the_o ordination_n of_o mere_a presbyter_n come_v from_o those_o protestant_a country_n where_o there_o be_v no_o bishop_n at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o their_o confirmation_n too_o but_o pray_v sir_n consider_v how_o upon_o your_o principle_n this_o schism_n can_v be_v so_o universal_a as_o to_o influence_n and_o involve_v all_o england_n in_o it_o for_o if_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o york_n for_o example_n will_v rather_o take_v this_o oath_n then_o suffer_v deprivation_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o mind_n as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v they_o will_v pray_v tell_v i_o how_o the_o people_n of_o that_o province_n be_v a_o distinct_a church_n or_o body_n ecclesiastical_a from_o that_o of_o canterbury_n as_o to_z all_o spiritual_a matter_n as_o have_v a_o distinct_a convocation_n of_o their_o own_o can_v ever_o be_v involve_v in_o this_o schism_n by_o the_o deprivation_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n and_o pray_v also_o tell_v i_o in_o the_o next_o place_n how_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o two_o university_n can_v ever_o be_v involve_v in_o this_o intend_a schism_n since_o they_o owe_v no_o canonical_a obedience_n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n or_o york_n nor_o to_o any_o other_o bishop_n but_o only_o to_o their_o chancellor_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n as_o his_o deputy_n who_o exercise_n all_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n within_o the_o say_a university_n and_o therefore_o their_o church_n
communion_n can_v depend_v upon_o the_o canonical_a or_o uncanonical_a deprivation_n of_o any_o bishop_n in_o england_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o consider_v these_o thing_n as_o a_o canon-lawyer_n and_o give_v i_o your_o answer_n if_o you_o can_v against_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v and_o then_o tell_v i_o whether_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o threaten_a schism_n be_v so_o just_a and_o apparent_a that_o it_o be_v like_a to_o involve_v so_o many_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o considerate_a of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n into_o open_a separation_n from_o the_o church_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o but_o that_o i_o will_v grant_v there_o be_v many_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o this_o opinion_n who_o as_o well_o out_o of_o conscience_n as_o for_o their_o own_o interest_n will_v be_v content_v to_o set_v up_o and_o encourage_v such_o a_o separation_n thereby_o to_o make_v themselves_o head_n of_o separate_a congregation_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o present_a benefice_n and_o employment_n upon_o their_o refusal_n of_o this_o oath_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o hear_v so_o much_o say_v upon_o this_o head_n before_o and_o if_o you_o can_v make_v out_o to_o i_o all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v now_o instance_a in_o i_o know_v not_o but_o that_o i_o may_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n thou_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o any_o bishop_n be_v deprive_v in_o england_n by_o the_o mere_a lay_v authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o a_o great_a council_n or_o convention_n of_o the_o laity_n whilst_o they_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o church-communion_n with_o those_o bishop_n for_o as_o to_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o popish_a bishop_n deprive_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n i_o doubt_v you_o will_v find_v it_o do_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o point_n in_o question_n since_o the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n 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must_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v or_o execute_v any_o place_n or_o office_n not_o only_o of_o profit_n but_o of_o burden_n and_o charge_n for_o the_o necessary_a execution_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o civil_a government_n without_o which_o we_o can_v live_v or_o subsist_v without_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o qualify_v they_o for_o it_o if_o then_o the_o end_n viz._n civil_a government_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o the_o take_n of_o this_o oath_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n allow_v of_o to_o qualify_v man_n for_o it_o this_o seem_v as_o evident_a to_o i_o that_o take_v of_o this_o oath_n be_v not_o only_o justifiable_a by_o law_n but_o by_o reason_n and_o good_a conscience_n since_o it_o be_v do_v for_o the_o high_a and_o noble_a end_n viz._n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o common_a wealth_n which_o you_o grant_v can_v subsist_v without_o some_o kind_n of_o civil_a government_n among_o we_o m._n i_o 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this_o be_v altogether_o a_o vain_a supposition_n since_o you_o can_v but_o be_v sensible_a that_o their_o majesty_n have_v not_o only_o a_o sufficient_a force_n both_o of_o native_a englishman_n and_o foreigner_n on_o their_o side_n who_o can_v force_v those_o that_o shall_v make_v any_o opposition_n to_o the_o take_v it_o and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o many_o fanatic_n and_o commonwealth_n man_n who_o not_o look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o at_o all_o oblige_v by_o your_o notion_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n and_o the_o obligation_n of_o any_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n will_v get_v into_o all_o the_o office_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n and_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o the_o church_n but_o the_o monarchy_n itself_o which_o be_v as_o yet_o preserve_v though_o the_o person_n
that_o administer_v it_o be_v alter_v so_o that_o it_o will_v conduce_v nothing_o to_o king_n james_n affair_n if_o all_o the_o gentry_n and_o lawyer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o refuse_v this_o oath_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v they_o be_v also_o oblige_v to_o take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o also_o that_o great_a law_n of_o prosecute_a the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n m._n well_o since_o i_o can_v expect_v so_o great_a firmness_n of_o mind_n and_o courage_n from_o your_o country_n gentleman_n and_o especial_o the_o lawyer_n who_o have_v be_v always_o but_o too_o forward_o to_o comply_v with_o all_o government_n how_o unlawful_a soever_o and_o since_o you_o who_o think_v that_o you_o may_v lawful_o take_v this_o oath_n not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o you_o have_v interpret_v to_o countenance_v your_o opinion_n but_o also_o from_o a_o high_a and_o noble_a law_n viz._n that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n or_o civil_a society_n which_o i_o grant_v must_v be_v maintain_v during_o the_o king_n absence_n since_o you_o say_v there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o it_o though_o i_o be_o not_o full_o satisfy_v of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o so_o far_o as_o to_o take_v it_o myself_o yet_o will_v i_o not_o absolute_o condemn_v you_o or_o any_o other_o sincere_o and_o honest_a man_n who_o do_v only_o take_v it_o out_o of_o a_o good_a intent_n to_o maintain_v some_o civil_a government_n among_o we_o and_o also_o to_o keep_v out_o the_o fanatic_n from_o have_v any_o share_n in_o it_o so_o i_o hope_v the_o government_n will_v excuse_v i_o if_o my_o conscience_n will_v not_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o take_v it_o myself_o since_o there_o be_v enough_o of_o you_o who_o be_v free_a to_o do_v it_o without_o we_o so_o that_o if_o i_o can_v keep_v that_o small_a employment_n i_o have_v without_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n i_o will_v free_o give_v it_o up_o since_o as_o long_o as_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v in_o my_o conscience_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n as_o the_o apostle_n have_v true_o define_v it_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o speak_v very_o honest_o and_o charitable_o in_o this_o matter_n and_o i_o can_v wish_v all_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n have_v the_o like_a moderation_n and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o condemn_v of_o wilful_a perjury_n so_o many_o good_a bishop_n nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o other_o both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o have_v be_v persuade_v that_o they_o may_v take_v this_o oath_n with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n and_o therefore_o pray_v however_o we_o differ_v in_o opinion_n about_o these_o matter_n let_v we_o maintain_v the_o same_o friendship_n for_o each_o other_o as_o we_o have_v before_o m._n sir_n i_o ready_o embrace_v so_o fair_a and_o kind_a a_o offer_n and_o as_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v do_v i_o what_o kind_a office_n you_o can_v whilst_o you_o continue_v to_o act_v under_o this_o government_n so_o i_o will_v promise_v to_o do_v the_o same_o for_o you_o when_o ever_o the_o king_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o throne_n again_o f._n i_o willing_o and_o thankful_o accept_v the_o proposal_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o your_o friendship_n since_o i_o look_v upon_o your_o dissent_v from_o i_o not_o to_o proceed_v from_o any_o wilfulness_n or_o obstinacy_n but_o out_o of_o a_o tender_a conscience_n and_o too_o great_a and_o high_a a_o sense_n of_o your_o duty_n which_o i_o must_v still_o confess_v be_v error_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o therefore_o now_o take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o shall_v only_o desire_v you_o to_o believe_v i_o your_o real_a friend_n and_o humble_a servant_n m._n i_o hope_v you_o think_v i_o have_v the_o same_o esteem_n for_o you_o and_o therefore_o must_v always_o own_v myself_o you_o finis_fw-la a_o general_n alphabetical_a index_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o question_n debate_v in_o the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n of_o bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o many_o be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o five_o six_z seven_o eight_o nine_o ten_o eleven_o twelfth_n and_o thirteen_o dialogue_n 1694._o a_o general_n alphabetical_a index_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o question_n debate_v in_o the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n of_o bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o these_o dialogue_n be_v write_v discursive_o and_o not_o determinative_o this_o w._n signify_v the_o question_n by_o the_o word_n whether_o note_v d._n signify_v dialogue_n p._n page_n a_o abel_n w._n subject_a to_o his_o brother_n cain_n by_o divine_a institution_n d._n 2._o p._n 67._o to_o 70._o abesses_fw-la often_o present_a in_o saxon_n and_o french_a great_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 393._o abbot_n w._n all_o that_o be_v ancient_o summon_v to_o parliament_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la d._n 8._o p._n 556._o and_o how_o many_o come_v to_o be_v by_o degree_n omit_v ibid._n abbot_n and_o abbess_n sometime_o grant_v aid_n by_o themselves_o d._n 7._o p._n 447._o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n w._n a_o king_n can_v do_v it_o any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o some_o express_a act_n d._n 11._o p._n 813_o 815_o 832_o to_o the_o end_n abuse_n of_o governor_n their_o several_a kind_n d._n 3._o p._n 161._o to_o 164._o king_n act_n illegal_a w._n also_o inauthoritative_a d._n 9_o p._n 644._o to_o 649._o act_n of_o parliament_n w._n they_o to_o hold_v good_a though_o not_o call_v by_o the_o king_n d_o 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 896._o adam_n w._n he_o have_v confer_v on_o he_o by_o god_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a eaath_v and_o of_o all_o creature_n therein_o d._n 1._o p._n 37._o to_o 39_o w._n by_o be_v a_o husband_n and_o father_n he_o be_v also_o absolute_a lord_n over_o eve_n and_o all_o her_o posterity_n ib._n p._n 12._o to_o 25._o adel_n and_o adelman_n their_o signification_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n d._n 6._o p._n 374._o alderman_n its_o signification_n among_o the_o same_o ib._n p._n 375._o alderman_n of_o country_n who_o d._n 5._o p._n 370._o king_n alfred_n his_o testament_n d._n 10._o p._n 721._o st._n alban_n burrough_n petition_v to_o king_n edw._n the_o second_o d._n 8._o p._n 576_o to_o 578._o allegiance_n w._n due_a by_o law_n to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la d._n 13._o p._n 905._o to_o the_o end_n the_o word_n alij_fw-la in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n it_o signify_v only_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 491_o 493_o 518._o 523._o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v be_v sometime_o elect_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 8._o p._n 570_o 571._o stand_v army_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n against_o law_n d._n 9_o p._n 638_o 639._o great_a assembly_n at_o runne-mead_n w._n it_o be_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n p._n 453_o 454._o attainder_n of_o treason_n against_o king_n de_fw-la facto_fw-la have_v always_o hold_v good_a till_o repeal_v d._n 13._o p._n 910._o authority_n of_o parliament_n the_o phrase_n how_o ancient_a in_o our_o statute-book_n d._n 5_o p._n 334._o to_o 340._o b_o babel_n when_o built_n d._n 2._o p._n 76_o 77._o banneret_n its_o ancient_a signification_n d._n 7._o p._n 540._o baro._n the_o title_n w._n it_o ancient_o signify_v no_o other_o person_n than_o a_o baron_n of_o parliament_n d._n p._n 402._o to_o 407._o barones_n angliae_fw-la w._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o ib._n p._n 394_o p._n 406._o to_o 411._o barones_n comitatus_fw-la who_o they_o be_v ancient_o d._n 10._o p._n 743_o 744._o barnstaple_n burrough_n its_o â—lea_n to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o grant_n from_o king_n athelstan_n d._n 8._o p._n 605._o bishop_n w._n they_o derive_v their_o right_n of_o sit_v in_o parliament_n from_o the_o saxon_a king_n d._n 5._o p._n 366._o to_o 368._o they_o sometime_o grant_v aid_n by_o themselves_o d._n 7._o p._n 447._o seven_o bishop_n w._n their_o petition_n to_o king_n james_n against_o his_o declaration_n and_o his_o commitment_n of_o they_o be_v justifiable_a by_o our_o law_n d._n 12._o p._n 823._o to_o 830._o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n ancient_o confer_v by_o the_o king_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la d._n 5._o p._n 36._o 38._o elder_a brother_n w._n lord_n of_o all_o brethren_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 65._o to_o 89._o bracton_n that_o passage_n in_o his_o book_n interpret_v viz._n rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiorem_fw-la deum_fw-la &_o legem_fw-la d._n 10_o p._n 701._o burrough_n w._n any_o of_o they_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n d._n 6._o p._n 382_o 383._o d._n
the_o only_a judge_n of_o all_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 891_o to_o 892._o d._n 12._o p._n 893._o d._n 13._o p._n 917_o to_o 919_o 921._o eve_n w._n by_o be_v subject_n to_o adam_n all_o her_o posterity_n become_v so_o likewise_o d._n 1._o p._n 14._o to_o 25._o f_o father_n w._n by_o right_a of_o generation_n or_o of_o education_n lord_n over_o their_o child_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n d._n 1_o p._n 13_o 14._o w._n any_o such_o power_n be_v give_v by_o divine_a grant_n to_o adam_n and_o in_o he_o to_o all_o other_o father_n ib._n p._n 26_o 30_o to_o 36._o w._n father_n of_o family_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ib._n 19_o to_o 26._o w._n they_o may_v sell_v their_o child_n ib._n 26._o to_o 31._o w._n they_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o their_o child_n in_o case_n of_o any_o violent_a assault_n upon_o their_o life_n ib._n p._n 41._o w._n perpetual_a master_n over_o their_o child_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v ib_a p._n 45._o to_o 51._o fideles_fw-la the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 6._o p._n 390_o 391._o d._n 7._o p._n 448._o to_o 451._o sir_n r._n filmer_n principles_n w._n they_o do_v not_o rather_o encourage_v tyranny_n than_o fatherly_a affection_n in_o prince_n towards_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 118._o w._n they_o do_v not_o also_o favour_v usurper_n ib._n 125._o to_o 128._o g_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n the_o main_a design_n of_o all_o government_n d._n 1._o p._n 55._o to_o 61._o civil_a government_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n d._n 1._o p._n 11._o 19_o 21._o w._n there_o have_v be_v any_o necessity_n of_o it_o if_o man_n have_v never_o sin_v ib._n p._n 11._o what_o it_o be_v and_o its_o prerogative_n d._n 3._o p._n 173._o w._n it_o can_v be_v settle_v without_o liberty_n and_o property_n in_o estate_n ib._n 174._o government_n of_o family_n and_o kingdom_n its_o original_a and_o necessity_n d._n 1._o p._n 10._o to_o 12._o supreme_a governor_n in_o what_o case_n they_o cease_v to_o be_v god_n ordinance_n d._n 1._o p._n 41._o government_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o saxon_n always_o by_o common_a council_n d._n 5._o p._n 365._o to_o 369._o grands_fw-fr or_o grant_n in_o parliament_n what_o those_o word_n signify_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n the_o lord_n alone_o or_o the_o commons_o also_o d._n 6._o p._n 369._o vid._n append._n guard_n of_o the_o king_n when_o when_o first_o set_v up_o d._n 9_o p._n 639._o h_o k._n harold_n w._n william_n of_o normandy_n have_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o d._n 10_o p._n 718._o what_o title_n he_o have_v to_o the_o crown_n ib._n p._n 720._o haereditamentum_fw-la its_o derivation_n ib._n p._n 721._o hengist_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n who_o found_v the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n w._n so_o by_o election_n or_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 357._o to_o 362._o king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o w._n his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n or_o election_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n d._n 12._o p._n 861._o to_o 863._o king_n henry_n the_o vi_o w._n his_o son_n be_v not_o unjust_o disinherit_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o himself_o unjust_o depose_v by_o edward_n the_o ivth_o ib._n p._n 863._o to_o 867._o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o w._n he_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n ib._n p._n 868._o to_o 870._o king_n henry_n the_o viiith_o w._n the_o several_a alteration_n he_o make_v as_o to_o the_o the_o succession_n be_v legal_a d._n 12._o p._n 871_o 872._o homage_n w._n it_o render_v the_o prince_n or_o lord_n irresistible_a d._n 10._o p._n 727.728_o homines_fw-la liberi_fw-la its_o signification_n in_o english_a history_n d._n 6._o p._n 428._o to_o 430._o homily_n of_o our_o church_n the_o the_o chief_a passage_n therein_o against_o all_o manner_n of_o resistance_n of_o governor_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 287.288_o w._n it_o be_v heresy_n or_o schism_n to_o deny_v their_o authority_n in_o any_o point_n there_o lay_v down_o ib._n 289.290_o vid._n append._n mr._n hooker_n opinion_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o civil_a government_n d._n 12._o p._n 129.130_o w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n have_v any_o coercive_a power_n ove_fw-la the_o king_n d._n 9_o p._n 634._o w._n the_o two_o house_n have_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n renounce_v all_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 658._o i_o king_n james_n the_o first_o speech_n in_o parliament_n against_o tyranny_n d._n 3._o p._n 148._o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o k._n james_n hereditary_a right_n how_o far_o it_o oblige_v posterity_n d._n 12._o p._n 871_o to_o 874._o king_n james_n ii_o w._n he_o violatid_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n before_o his_o desertion_n d._n 9_o p._n 673._o to_o 685._o or_o w._n he_o have_v amend_v all_o those_o violation_n before_o his_o departure_n p._n 685._o to_o 689._o w._n his_o set_v up_o a_o stand_a army_n and_o put_v in_o popish_a officer_n and_o soldier_n be_v a_o actual_a make_v war_n upon_o the_o nation_n ib._n p._n 683.687_o w._n he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n by_o his_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o else_o by_o his_o desert_v it_o d._n 11._o p._n 790._o to_o 799._o w._n he_o may_v have_v be_v again_o safe_o restore_v to_o the_o government_n upon_o reasonable_a term_n ib._n p._n 801._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o real_o intend_v to_o redress_v all_o the_o violation_n he_o have_v make_v upon_o it_o p._n 805._o to_o 807._o w._n he_o resume_v the_o government_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o london_n from_o feversham_n ib._n 802._o to_o 806._o jesus_n christ_n do_v not_o alter_v civil_a government_n neither_o by_o take_v away_o the_o prerogative_n of_o prince_n nor_o yet_o by_o abridge_n the_o civil_a liberty_n of_o subject_n d._n 4._o p._n 216._o to_o 220._o jew_n often_o rebel_v and_o sometime_o kill_v their_o king_n d._n 3._o p._n 203_o to_o 205._o their_o resistance_n of_o antiochus_n consider_v ibid._n p._n 208._o to_o the_o end_n jewish_a government_n before_o saul_n w._n aristocratical_a or_o monarchical_a d._n p._n 93._o to_o 101._o judah_n and_o thamar_n the_o history_n consider_v d._n 1._o p._n 33._o judge_n over_o israel_n their_o power_n w._n monarchical_a d._n 2._o p._n 95_o 96._o w._n some_o of_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n of_o some_o particular_a tribe_n p._n 96_o 97._o judgement_n divine_a w._n they_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o humane_a mean_n or_o force_n d._n 4._o p._n 259_o 260._o k_o king_n w._n to_o be_v repute_v father_n of_o their_o people_n as_o the_o heir_n or_o representative_n of_o those_o who_o be_v once_o so_o d._n 2._o p._n 65._o w._n they_o derive_v their_o power_n from_o god_n or_o from_o the_o people_n and_o law_n d._n 11._o p._n 773._o to_o 780._o d._n 12._o p._n 936_o to_o 938._o saxon_a king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o w._n they_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n ib._n p._n 338_o to_o 345._o king_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n elect_v and_o often_o depose_v by_o the_o great_a council_n ibid._n p._n 365._o the_o same_o do_v also_o in_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o gothic_a model_n ib._n p._n 365._o king_n of_o england_n ever_o since_o king_n william_n i._n w._n they_o derive_v their_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n from_o conquest_n or_o some_o other_o title_n d._n 10._o p._n 713._o their_o concession_n to_o subject_n do_v no_o way_n derogate_v from_o royal_a prerogative_n d._n 10._o p._n 715.716_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o observe_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n d._n 12.882.888_o king_n by_o sir_n r._n filmer_n principle_n above_o all_o law_n and_o alone_o make_v they_o d._n 2._o p._n 123.124_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o be_v head_n of_o the_o politic_a body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n d._n 11._o p._n 803._o to_o 805._o w._n he_o can_v have_v ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n tax_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o his_o discretion_n d._n 7._o p._n 495._o to_o 499._o w._n he_o can_v call_v or_o omit_v to_o summon_v to_o parliament_n what_o earl_n lord_n and_o tenant_n he_o please_v ibid._n p._n 505_o to_o 511.523_o w._n he_o can_v also_o summon_v those_o knight_n of_o shire_n who_o serve_v before_o without_o any_o new_a election_n ib._n 537._o w._n he_o can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n discharge_v what_o knight_n of_o shire_n he_o please_v after_o they_o be_v choose_v ibid._n
p._n 539.540_o king_n how_o far_o god_n lieutenant_n d._n 9_o p._n 663._o w._n his_o authority_n be_v different_a from_o his_o personal_a will_n and_o command_n ib._n p._n 645._o to_o 648._o his_o person_n how_o far_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a ibid._n p._n 638.651_o to_o 657._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o case_n resistible_a notwithstanding_o the_o declaration_n of_o of_o the_o two_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 655._o w._n he_o have_v any_o authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n ib._n p._n 644_o to_o 649._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o good_a in_o law_n ib._n p._n 640._o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n w._n endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n d._n 5._o p._n 338_o to_o 345._o d._n 9_o p._n 650_o 651._o have_v no_o peer_n or_o equal_a in_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 354._o his_o presence_n w._n it_o will_v authorise_v all_o illegal_a action_n so_o as_o to_o render_v they_o irresistible_a d._n 9_o p._n 653_o 654._o his_o officer_n in_o what_o case_n resistible_a ib._n the_o king_n be_v irresistible_a how_o far_o different_a from_o be_v unaccountable_a d._n 9_o p._n 644_o 645._o king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a and_o unaccountable_a or_o w._n limit_v by_o law_n d._n 10._o p._n 693_o to_o 698._o most_o high_a in_o their_o state-royal_a when_o they_o appear_v in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n d._n 9_o p._n 643._o the_o first_o eight_o king_n after_o the_o conquest_n never_o be_v so_o style_v till_o after_o their_o coronation_n d._n 12._o p._n 840._o to_o 858.895_o king_n though_o he_o have_v no_o peer_n yet_o he_o have_v ancient_o comites_fw-la or_o companion_n d._n 5._o p._n 364_o 365._o w._n he_o can_v at_o this_o day_n abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n by_o the_o wilful_a violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a law_n d._n 10._o p._n 694_o to_o 709._o d._n 11._o p._n 832_o 833._o kingly_a power_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n in_o this_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v w._n within_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o whether_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o he_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o d._n 13._o p._n 905._o to_o 940._o what_o constitute_v a_o legal_a king_n in_o england_n d._n 12._o p._n 889_o 890._o kingdom_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n w._n when_o give_v by_o god_n appointment_n it_o give_v the_o issue_n of_o that_o king_n a_o like_a divine_a right_o to_o succeed_v d._n 2._o p._n 99_o 100_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a and_o hereditary_a their_o difference_n ib._n 84_o 85._o knight_n of_o shire_n frequent_o style_v magnate_v and_o grantz_n in_o ancient_a record_n d._n 6._o p._n 424._o vid._n append._n w._n they_o be_v ancient_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o none_o other_o p._n 425._o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n w._n the_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o they_o that_o can_v be_v find_v be_v the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 7._o p._n 519._o w._n this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o they_o be_v summon_v ibid._n p._n 525_o to_o 530._o w._n they_o be_v summon_v no_o more_o till_o the_o eighteen_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o ibid._n p._n 522._o to_o the_o end_n d._n 8._o p._n 559._o to_o 563._o p._n 571_o to_o 576._o l_o lancaster_n w._n that_o family_n pretend_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n claim_v by_o inheritance_n d._n 12._o p._n 861_o 862._o law_n how_o far_o they_o oblige_v prince_n according_a to_o sir_n r._n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 120_o 121._o law_n imperial_a of_o all_o goâ—vernments_n w._n they_o require_v a_o passive_a obedience_n or_o nonresistance_n in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o d._n 3._o p._n 149.154_o law_n of_o nation_n w._n it_o differ_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 26_o to_o 31._o law_n of_o english_a saxon_a council_n the_o title_n to_o most_o of_o they_o d._n 5._o p._n 314._o to_o 319._o law_n of_o normandy_n w._n the_o same_o in_o most_o thing_n with_o those_o of_o england_n d._n 10._o p._n 752.753_o law_n fundamental_a of_o the_o kingdom_n w._n there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n and_o where_o to_o be_v find_v d._n 9_o p._n 666._o to_o 669._o d._n 10._o p._n 704._o d._n 11._o p._n 810._o to_o 814._o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n concern_v the_o king_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o if_o he_o prove_v a_o tyrant_n and_o w._n it_o be_v genuine_a or_o not_o d._n 10._o p._n 705._o to_o 712._o private_a league_n with_o france_n what_o reason_n there_o be_v for_o and_o against_o its_o reality_n d._n 11._o p._n 800._o to_o 802._o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v ancient_o d._n 6._o p._n 419.426_o to_o 431._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o choose_v by_o military_a service_n to_o they_o d._n 7._o p._n 449._o to_o 453.514_o m_o magna_n charta_n w._n obtain_v by_o rebellion_n d._n 3._o p._n 186._o magnates_n w._n the_o commons_o be_v not_o sometime_o comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 372.396_o 397._o queen_n marry_o w._n she_o have_v any_o title_n save_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o d._n 12._o p._n 872._o our_o present_a queen_n mary_n w._n she_o have_v a_o right_a to_o succeed_v upon_o her_o father_n abdication_n ib._n p._n 853._o 884._o maud_n the_o empress_n why_o she_o never_o style_v herself_o queen_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o fealty_n have_v be_v swear_v to_o she_o d._n 12._o p._n 846._o several_a maxim_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n consider_v and_o explain_v d._n 1._o p._n 17_o 18_o 21.30_o the_o ancient_a member_n of_o the_o german_a diet_n or_o great_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 375._o the_o milites_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v d._n 6._o p._n 431_o 432._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o any_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a or_o socage_n service_n d._n 7._o p._n 481.489_o 490._o mischief_n that_o may_v befall_v a_o people_n from_o their_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n consider_v d._n 3._o p._n 184._o to_o 189._o monarchy_n w._n of_o divine_a right_n from_o any_o precept_n or_o example_n in_o the_o old_a or_o new_a testament_n d._n 2._o p._n 130_o 131._o or_o from_o adam_n patriarchical_a power_n d._n 1._o p._n 19_o to_o 26._o monarchy_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v most_o tyrannical_a d._n 2._o p._n 110.111_o mix_v monarchy_n w._n it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n d._n 5._o p._n 345._o to_o 348._o sim._n montfort_n w._n he_o first_o call_v the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 8._o p._n 596.597_o moses_n and_o joshua_n w._n monarch_n over_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n and_o successor_n to_o the_o patriarchical_a power_n d._n 2._o p._n 92._o to_o 100_o multitudo_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n d._n 8._o p._n 569._o to_o 571._o n_o w._n a_o whole_a nation_n may_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o some_o case_n of_o extremity_n but_o not_o particular_a person_n d._n 3._o p._n 146._o to_o 150.161_o 162._o d._n 4._o p._n 236._o to_o 239.272_o to_o 275._o negative_a voice_n w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v it_o not_o in_o some_o case_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 341._o noah_n w._n he_o be_v sole_a proprietor_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v tenant_n in_o common_a with_o his_o own_o child_n d._n 1._o p._n 74_o 75._o w._n his_o grandson_n be_v all_o alike_a prince_n over_o their_o several_a family_n ib._n p._n 75._o to_o 81._o w._n from_o noah_n seven_o precept_n may_v be_v deduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 36_o 37._o nobilis_fw-la &_o nobilitas_fw-la the_o several_a signification_n of_o those_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 374_o 388.410_o w._n mere_a commoner_n be_v not_o often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o nobiles_fw-la ib._n 396_o 397._o non_fw-la obstantes_fw-la the_o clause_n when_o first_o insert_v in_o our_o king_n charter_n d._n 11._o p._n 820._o non_fw-fr resistance_n w._n the_o doctrine_n tend_v to_o make_v prince_n better_o or_o else_o more_o tyrannical_a to_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 116_o 117._o normandy_n w._n its_o duke_n be_v absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 10._o p._n 727._o o_o oath_n of_o the_o king_n at_o his_o coronation_n how_o far_o oblige_v according_a to_o sir_n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 122.123_o it_o be_v ancient_a form_n according_a to_o the_o mirour_n d._n 5.364_o w._n the_o take_v the_o coronation_n oath_n render_v the_o crown_n forfeitable_a if_o it_o
have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o commons_o be_v both_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n comprehend_v under_o these_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o if_o you_o yet_o doubt_v of_o it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a authority_n out_o of_o walsingham_n for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o edw._n ii_o anno_fw-la 1327._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n deposition_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n come_v to_o london_n there_o then_o meet_v tota_n regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la to_o depose_v the_o king_n and_o choose_v his_o son_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o then_o there_o be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n be_v prisoner_n in_o kenelworth_n castle_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n two_o bishop_n two_o earl_n two_o abbot_n and_o of_o every_o county_n three_o knight_n and_o also_o from_o london_n and_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n especial_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n who_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n etc._n etc._n this_o proof_n be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v no_o comment_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n the_o strength_n of_o it_o chief_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o tax_n there_o mention_v be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v à _fw-la militibus_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o of_o three_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o scutage_n be_v not_o scutage_n service_n but_o a_o general_a land_n tax_n or_o manner_n of_o tax_v according_a to_o knight_n fee_n and_o which_o be_v continue_v long_o after_o hen._n iii_o reign_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n in_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n scutagium_fw-la edwardus_fw-la primus_fw-la habuit_fw-la 40_o soli_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 13_o dom._n 1285._o pro_fw-la expeditione_n contra_fw-la wallos_n and_o it_o be_v also_o grant_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n when_o you_o and_o the_o dr._n suppose_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v then_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o a_o militibus_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n must_v only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o not_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v a_o militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o dr.'s_n and_o without_o any_o authority_n to_o limit_v these_o word_n militibus_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la which_o you_o omit_v with_o a_o etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la only_o to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o england_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n because_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n whereas_o you_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v all_o a_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o who_o pay_v towards_o the_o aid_n there_o grant_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o if_o knight_n fee_n alone_o be_v tax_v and_o that_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o right_a all_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o by_o burgoge_n oâ—_n sâ—occage_n tenure_n who_o make_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n can_v pay_v this_o scutage_n since_o they_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o by_o certain_a rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o so_o not_o appear_v in_o person_n can_v have_v no_o representative_n in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o may_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o value_n that_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o reckon_v at_o viz._n for_o every_o 20_o l._n a_o year_n estate_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o this_o can_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o how_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o lord_n from_o who_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n can_v give_v away_o their_o money_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o desire_v also_o to_o know_v how_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o this_o tax_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v you_o yourself_o grant_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o other_o mesâ—e_a lord_n by_o soccage_n or_o bargage_v tenure_n so_o that_o this_o tax_n if_o grant_v only_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n can_v reach_v they_o and_o no_o other_o person_n but_o if_o by_o this_o word_n a_o militibus_fw-la may_v be_v understand_v knight_n of_o shire_n than_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a as_o well_o upon_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o those_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o for_o the_o other_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o viz._n the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o you_o translate_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n than_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o you_o have_v already_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o â—â—lites_n be_v so_o call_v non_fw-la a_o militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o feodo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v no_o name_n of_o dignity_n then_o certain_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la will_v have_v serve_v to_o comprehend_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o other_o addition_n but_o that_o these_o word_n laberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la do_v not_o here_o signify_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n pray_v see_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la where_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o more_o general_a signification_n of_o theseword_n thus_o ad_fw-la nobilesolim_n spectabant_fw-la isti_fw-la 〈◊〉_d à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la ortos_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberis_fw-la and_o then_o end_v thus_o vide_fw-la ingenuus_n legalis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d francus_n tenens_fw-la liberè_fw-la alius_fw-la libre_fw-la tenent_n quo_fw-la etiam_fw-la sensu_fw-la occurrit_fw-la interdum_fw-la homo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d which_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o these_o title_n he_o make_v to_o signify_v all_o one_o use_v the_o same_o thing_n viz._n a_o ordinary_a freeholder_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a force_a interpretation_n of_o you_o to_o limit_v these_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n only_o to_o the_o community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o i_o confess_v you_o be_v very_o kind_a in_o one_o main_a point_n in_o únderstand_v the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n to_o mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o then_o do_v what_o you_o can_v these_o word_n must_v here_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n or_o commons_o unless_o you_o can_v show_v we_o a_o three_o sort_v of_o man_n who_o though_o neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o yet_o have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o these_o gentleman_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n be_v no_o more_o noble_a than_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavafor_n themselves_o my_o than_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o then_o grant_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v then_o also_o their_o representative_n there_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v not_o commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n iii_o or_o not_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o your_o dr.'s_n assertion_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o place_n you_o have_v quote_v since_o it_o be_v restrain_v by_o yourself_o to_o mean_v not_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o community_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n but_o that_o matt._n paris_n do_v also_o in_o another_o place_n take_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o commoner_n and_o not_o for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n pray_v again_o remember_v what_o he_o say_v in_o anno_fw-la 1225._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la come_v to_o be_v confirm_v in_o 9th_o hen._n iii_o he_o tell_v we_o rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n
council_n of_o all_o the_o laity_n be_v not_o summon_v at_o all_o and_o so_o vice_n versa_fw-la the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n often_o meet_v when_o the_o synod_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v not_o convene_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o most_o ancient_a writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o bishop_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o as_o particular_o the_o first_o writ_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o roll_n viz._n that_o for_o the_o bishop_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v print_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o parliamentary_a register_n in_o the_o 6_o of_o k._n john_n 2._o and_o which_o i_o have_v cite_v from_o the_o drs._n answer_v against_o mr._n p._n at_o our_o last_o meeting_n in_o which_o writ_n though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v a_o clause_n for_o summon_v the_o abbot_n and_o conventual_a prior_n yet_o there_o be_v none_o for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n but_o in_o the_o next_o writ_n which_o the_o same_o author_n have_v likewise_o publish_v viz._n that_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n there_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n at_o all_o for_o summon_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o such_o 3._o though_o it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v underneath_o a_o eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la which_o show_v that_o this_o writ_n be_v not_o to_o summon_v they_o in_o their_o spiritual_a but_o temporal_a capacity_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o next_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n 5._o we_o have_v leave_v we_o on_o the_o roll_n which_o be_v cite_v in_o mr._n selden_n title_n of_o honour_n as_o also_o in_o the_o same_o parliamentary_a register_n and_o in_o dr._n b._n against_o mr._n p._n viz._n that_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o duresme_fw-fr without_o any_o clause_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o clergy_n whether_o abbot_n or_o other_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o next_o writ_n of_o summons_n that_o be_v leave_v we_o viz._n that_o of_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o publish_v also_o by_o mr._n prin_fw-mi to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 6._o in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o summon_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o though_o there_o immediate_o follow_v another_o writ_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n in_o which_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v this_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la priorem_fw-la etc._n etc._n viz._n the_o prior_n chapter_n and_o other_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o diocese_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n yet_o that_o they_o be_v no_o necessary_a part_n of_o it_o but_o only_o of_o the_o convocation_n appear_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o bishop_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v also_o give_v we_o in_o that_o chapter_n all_o which_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o near_o 200_o writ_n to_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n the_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la clerum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o scarce_o half_a of_o they_o which_o show_v that_o the_o summon_n or_o omit_v they_o depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o king_n pleasure_n and_o so_o be_v no_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o you_o suppose_v they_o be_v under_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n for_o then_o sure_o they_o will_v not_o have_v be_v omit_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v in_o all_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o next_o argument_n from_o the_o numerousness_n of_o these_o assembly_n which_o you_o say_v can_v not_o be_v proper_o call_v numerosa_fw-la or_o infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la whereas_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o ecclesiastic_n as_o layman_n do_v not_o amount_v in_o all_o to_o 800_o there_o may_v be_v a_o allowance_n make_v for_o this_o to_o the_o monkish_a way_n of_o write_v of_o those_o time_n who_o may_v call_v such_o a_o great_a or_o more_o than_o ordinary_a assembly_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la a_o innumerable_a or_o infinite_a multitude_n when_o indeed_o they_o be_v but_o few_o more_o than_o our_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v what_o you_o already_o say_v before_o you_o proceed_v any_o far_a because_o what_o i_o have_v to_o reply_v to_o it_o will_v be_v pretty_a long_a in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o can_v with_o any_o reason_n if_o you_o better_o consider_v of_o it_o deny_v that_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o the_o superior_a as_o inferior_a do_v before_o your_o conquest_n as_o well_o as_o long_o after_o make_v but_o one_o assembly_n or_o body_n of_o a_o general_n council_n though_o sit_v in_o several_a place_n as_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v at_o this_o day_n for_o the_o word_n in_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ely_n be_v adunato_fw-la concilio_n cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n which_o be_v to_o be_v render_v the_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n be_v unite_v and_o join_v together_o as_o i_o already_o show_v this_o word_n adunato_fw-la do_v always_o signify_v as_o also_o by_o the_o confirmation_n of_o that_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n and_o to_o which_o though_o a_o matter_n of_o mere_a temporal_a concernment_n all_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o as_o laity_n give_v their_o joint_a consent_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o conclusion_n of_o that_o charter_n as_o also_o to_o that_o of_o k._n stephen_n but_o now_o cite_v which_o they_o can_v never_o have_v do_v have_v they_o not_o then_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o general_a council_n or_o assembly_n have_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n do_v ancient_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o general_n or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o answer_v your_o objection_n it_o be_v true_a that_o for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o some_o king_n reign_n for_o want_v of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o superior_a as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n we_o can_v certain_o tell_v though_o we_o may_v presume_v it_o from_o the_o general_a word_n of_o the_o historian_n whether_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v summon_v or_o not_o yet_o this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o averâ—_n that_o wherever_o any_o ancient_a author_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o general_n be_v present_a at_o any_o such_o common_a council_n it_o must_v necessary_o mean_v not_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n or_o the_o superior_a clergy_n alone_o or_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o but_o those_o and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n both_o clergy_n and_o laity_n take_v together_o as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o nor_o be_v your_o objection_n considerable_a from_o that_o writ_n of_o the_o 6_o the_o of_o king_n john_n that_o no_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v summon_v because_o only_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n be_v mention_v at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o prove_v the_o omission_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v summon_v be_v no_o cogent_a argument_n to_o prove_v they_o be_v not_o there_o since_o for_o aught_o as_o you_o and_o i_o know_v there_o may_v be_v other_o writ_n issue_v to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n distinct_a from_o those_o to_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n which_o last_o use_v to_o have_v distinct_a writ_n to_o each_o by_o themselves_o and_o i_o may_v as_o well_o suppose_v these_o writ_n to_o be_v lose_v as_o you_o do_v that_o all_o the_o general_a writ_n to_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v all_o summon_v according_a to_o king_n johns_n charter_n be_v all_o lose_v and_o as_o for_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n mention_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o writ_n of_o king_n johns_n they_o be_v such_o as_o hold_v only_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o such_o as_o do_v not_o if_o the_o former_a this_o may_v be_v only_o a_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o none_o other_o of_o which_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v many_o hold_v in_o those_o time_n upon_o occasion_n of_o war_n scurage_n and_o other_o matter_n but_o if_o by_o these_o conventual_a abbot_n and_o prioâ—â—_n summon_v by_o this_o writ_n you_o will_v mean_v all_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o whatever_o tenure_n than_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o this_o great_a council_n consist_v of_o many_o other_o ecclesiastic_n than_o what_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o so_o why_o may_v not_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o well_o make_v a_o part_n of_o it_o but_o as_o for_o your_o next_o authority_n the_o writ_n
of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o which_o be_v certain_o a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n in_o which_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o summon_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n this_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n than_o the_o former_a since_o it_o may_v not_o then_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o insert_v they_o in_o the_o same_o writ_n with_o the_o bishop_n to_o be_v summon_v by_o he_o but_o they_o may_v have_v general_a writ_n of_o their_o own_o direct_v to_o the_o clergy_n of_o each_o diocesâ—_n but_o that_o all_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o well_o as_o the_o superior_a appear_v at_o divers_a common_a council_n or_o parliament_n during_o this_o king_n reign_n which_o they_o can_v never_o have_v do_v without_o the_o king_n summons_n though_o the_o writ_n be_v lose_v may_v appear_v from_o that_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o whereto_o as_o mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o place_n i_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v be_v summon_v clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la or_o regni_fw-la as_o mat._n westminister_n word_n it_o and_o in_o this_o council_n be_v give_v by_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la the_o 15_o the_o of_o all_o the_o moveable_n of_o all_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n so_o that_o certain_o these_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la must_v take_v in_o all_o degree_n of_o man_n and_o consequent_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n too_o since_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n do_v never_o represent_v they_o in_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n or_o in_o convocation_n so_o as_o to_o lay_v any_o tax_n upon_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n without_o their_o express_a consent_n and_o this_o be_v the_o more_o evident_a because_o this_o tax_n be_v a_o 15_o the_o upon_o moveable_n and_o not_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n and_o consequent_o can_v never_o be_v impose_v upon_o those_o of_o the_o clergy_n who_o hold_v in_o frank_n almoign_n as_o all_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n than_o do_v 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which_o dr._n heylin_n in_o his_o stumble_v block_n of_o disobedience_n thus_o
of_o knight_n of_o shire_n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v it_o far_o with_o you_o since_o it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o your_o common_a law_n in_o which_o i_o confess_v myself_o but_o mean_o skill_v but_o i_o shall_v take_v far_a time_n to_o advise_v with_o those_o that_o know_v better_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n let_v they_o have_v appear_v when_o you_o will_v their_o come_n to_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v so_o ancient_a as_o before_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n i._o much_o less_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o mr._n pryn_n have_v in_o the_o same_o second_o part_n of_o this_o parliamentary_a register_n trace_v the_o summon_n of_o the_o burrough_n to_o their_o very_a original_a and_o prove_v it_o can_v not_o be_v ancient_a than_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d._n i_o shall_v here_o contract_v his_o argument_n and_o give_v you_o they_o as_o i_o do_v the_o former_a first_o 214._o he_o here_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v never_o but_o 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and_o power_n grant_v to_o they_o in_o and_o by_o this_o general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n issue_v to_o sheriff_n for_o every_o county_n before_o every_o parliament_n enjoin_v they_o in_o these_o word_n tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la firmiter_fw-la injungentes_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la duos_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr qualibet_fw-la cititate_fw-la duos_fw-la cives_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n duos_fw-la burgess_n at_o discretioribus_fw-la 231.232_o etc._n etc._n sinâ—_n dilatione_fw-la eligi_fw-la &_o eos_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la ad_fw-la dictos_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la venite_fw-la facias_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o general_a indefinite_a clause_n use_v in_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n ever_o since_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._o without_o design_v what_o particular_a city_n or_o burrough_n by_o name_n within_o each_o county_n the_o sheriff_n shall_v cause_v to_o elect_n or_o send_v two_o citizen_n or_o two_o burgess_n but_o leave_v it_o whole_o to_o each_o sheriff_n liberty_n and_o discretion_n to_o send_v the_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n he_o please_v thereupon_o every_o sheriff_n use_v a_o kind_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o general_a clause_n according_a as_o his_o judgement_n direct_v or_o his_o assertion_n favour_n partiality_n malice_n or_o the_o solicitation_n of_o any_o private_a burrough_n to_o he_o or_o of_o competitor_n for_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n place_n within_o his_o county_n sway_v he_o this_o be_v most_o apparent_a by_o some_o sheriff_n in_o several_a county_n return_v more_o burrough_n and_o burgess_n then_o their_o predecessor_n other_o few_o some_o omit_v those_o burrough_n return_v by_o their_o predecessor_n other_o cause_v election_n and_o return_v to_o be_v make_v for_o such_o new_a burrough_n which_o never_o elect_a or_o send_v any_o before_o nor_o after_o their_o sherivalty_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o return_v annis_n 28.33_o e._n 1._o and_o 34._o of_o e._n 3._o for_o diuâ—n_n anno_fw-la 26._o e._n 1._o for_o yorkshire_n anno_fw-la 33_o e._n 1._o for_o oxfordshire_n anno_fw-la 28._o of_o e._n 1._o for_o hampshire_n annis_n 33._o and_o 34._o of_o e._n 3._o for_o somerset_n annis_n 25.27_o and_o 28._o h._n 6_o for_o wilts_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o first_o writ_n or_o memorial_n of_o any_o extant_a on_o record_n for_o elect_a knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n be_v those_o of_o 49th_o of_o henry_n 3d_o but_o these_o writ_n only_o command_v that_o the_o sheriff_n cause_n to_o come_v two_o knight_n etc._n etc._n of_o each_o county_n and_o the_o like_a writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n lincoln_n and_o other_o burrough_n of_o england_n to_o elect_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n for_o each_o of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n the_o like_a writ_n be_v also_o issue_v to_o sandwich_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n without_o express_v their_o name_n or_o number_n in_o each_o county_n and_o this_o form_n i_o conceive_v say_v mr._n pryn_n continue_v till_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._n when_o the_o aforecited_a general_a clause_n authorise_v and_o entrust_v every_o sheriff_n to_o cause_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n to_o be_v elect_v etc._n etc._n out_o of_o every_o city_n and_o burrow_n in_o his_o county_n be_v first_o put_v into_o the_o writ_n by_o authority_n and_o colour_n whereof_o every_o sheriff_n send_v precept_n to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n of_o his_o county_n he_o please_v f._n i_o have_v with_o patience_n hear_v this_o long_a history_n of_o mr._n prins_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n from_o which_o i_o must_v notwithstanding_o make_v bold_a to_o differ_v for_o though_o i_o own_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o industry_n in_o matter_n of_o record_n yet_o i_o doubt_v he_o be_v often_o too_o quick_a in_o take_v up_o of_o opinion_n upon_o slender_a ground_n therefore_o for_o the_o answer_n of_o he_o i_o shall_v first_o show_v you_o the_o improbability_n of_o his_o supposition_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o no_o other_o confutation_n then_o what_o his_o own_o book_n will_v afford_v we_o as_o to_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n return_v and_o other_o thing_n he_o lay_v so_o much_o stress_n upon_o in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o the_o notion_n of_o sheriff_n send_v precept_n to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n they_o please_v and_o consequent_o make_v as_o few_o or_o as_o many_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n as_o they_o will_v that_o this_o be_v not_o so_o at_o first_o be_v evident_a from_o those_o very_a writ_n of_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o then_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n for_o any_o more_o than_o to_o the_o county_n but_o as_o for_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n they_o be_v then_o direct_v to_o themselves_o and_o he_o also_o confess_v that_o this_o continue_v so_o from_o that_o time_n till_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._o so_o that_o all_o this_o while_n be_v about_o 28_o year_n it_o seem_v the_o nomination_n of_o what_o city_n and_o town_n shall_v send_v member_n to_o parliament_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o sheriff_n but_o upon_o somewhat_o else_o and_o i_o have_v ask_v you_o once_o though_o without_o receive_v any_o answer_n what_o rule_n simon_n montfort_n go_v by_o to_o tell_v what_o city_n and_o burrough_n be_v to_o send_v member_n and_o what_o not_o since_o the_o word_n be_v only_o in_o general_n de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o pray_v answer_v i_o now_o if_o you_o can_v m._n i_o conceive_v in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o city_n simon_n montfort_n send_v to_o those_o that_o be_v ancient_o esteem_v so_o viz._n such_o as_o have_v bishop_n see_v annex_v to_o they_o such_o as_o london_n lincoln_n and_o particular_o name_v in_o these_o writ_n and_o other_o of_o the_o same_o rank_n and_o as_o for_o the_o burrough_n though_o we_o have_v not_o the_o return_n of_o they_o leave_v we_o yet_o i_o suppose_v they_o be_v such_o wall_v or_o other_o town_n as_o be_v of_o some_o considerable_a note_n in_o england_n such_o as_o he_o think_v be_v most_o proper_a for_o his_o turn_n f._n that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o rule_n appear_v by_o this_o clear_a proof_n first_o that_o neither_o coventry_n and_o litchfield_n though_o the_o see_v of_o the_o bishop_n be_v not_o count_v city_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o nor_o long_v after_o nor_o yet_o ely_n for_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o list_n that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v give_v we_o that_o it_o never_o send_v burgess_n but_o only_o once_o and_o that_o to_o a_o great_a council_n till_o of_o late_a year_n so_o that_o the_o see_v of_o the_o bishop_n be_v it_o seem_v no_o general_a rule_n to_o make_v place_n capable_a of_o send_v or_o not_o send_v of_o citizen_n to_o parliament_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o to_o burrough_n that_o be_v pure_a imagination_n that_o none_o but_o considerable_a or_o wall_a town_n send_v any_o burgess_n at_o first_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o list_n of_o return_n which_o mr._n pryn_n have_v here_o give_v we_o of_o the_o 26_o and_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v the_o first_o extant_a for_o aught_o i_o know_v except_o those_o of_o 23d_o which_o i_o have_v never_o yet_o see_v beside_o the_o shire_n town_n of_o the_o county_n there_o be_v return_n of_o a_o great_a many_o small_a burrough_n which_o never_o have_v any_o wall_n nor_o yet_o for_o aught_o as_o we_o can_v find_v have_v any_o thing_n remarkable_a to_o make_v they_o be_v pircht_v upon_o to_o send_v burgess_n more_o than_o other_o but_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o by_o and_o by_o only_o shall_v remark_n this_o much_o that_o there_o must_v have_v have_v be_v some_o other_o rule_v beside_o montfort_v own_o will_n for_o all_o this_o and_o what_o this_o rule_n can_v be_v unless_o a_o ancient_a prescription_n in_o those_o town_n to_o send_v member_n i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o dr._n will_v show_v any_o good_a reason_n or_o authority_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o after_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n the_o i._o when_o mr._n prin_fw-mi suppose_v that_o the_o sheriff_n by_o this_o general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n begin_v to_o take_v upon_o they_o this_o new_a authority_n of_o send_v precept_n to_o and_o make_v burrough_n of_o what_o town_n they_o please_v this_o can_v not_o in_o the_o first_o place_n extend_v to_o such_o as_o be_v before_o that_o county_n of_o themselves_o such_o as_o london_n york_z bristol_n etc._n etc._n nor_o yet_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_a and_o
of_o government_n can_v have_v any_o for_o that_o which_o be_v do_v by_o a_o person_n who_o have_v no_o authority_n can_v lay_v no_o obligation_n upon_o we_o whence_o then_o have_v he_o this_o authority_n since_o he_o have_v no_o legal_a right_n to_o the_o throne_n not_o sure_o from_o the_o presume_a consent_n of_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la which_o be_v nonsense_n to_o suppose_v but_o from_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o throne_n to_o which_o the_o law_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o principle_n of_o reason_n have_v annex_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o government_n m._n i_o be_o so_o far_o of_o bishop_n sanderson_n opinion_n in_o his_o case_n concern_v take_v the_o engagement_n that_o when_o usurper_n or_o king_n de_fw-mi facto_fw-la have_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o administer_v it_o for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n and_o as_o far_o as_o that_o come_v to_o we_o be_v also_o oblige_v to_o live_v peaceable_a under_o they_o and_o to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o they_o in_o thing_n absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o uphold_v civil_a society_n within_o the_o realm_n such_o as_o be_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o nation_n against_o foreigner_n the_o furtherance_n of_o public_a justice_n the_o maintenance_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o the_o like_a but_o sure_a this_o be_v no_o argument_n for_o transfer_v our_o allegiance_n from_o the_o lawful_a king_n and_o his_o heir_n whilst_o they_o be_v alive_a and_o therefore_o i_o must_v still_o suppose_v that_o this_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o henry_n the_o viith_o can_v do_v no_o service_n to_o the_o present_a government_n because_o it_o be_v virtual_o repeal_v by_o several_a statute_n as_o first_o by_o the_o 28_o of_o henry_n the_o viiith_o concern_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n wherein_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o if_o any_o of_o his_o child_n shall_v usurp_v upon_o each_o other_o or_o if_o any_o of_o those_o to_o who_o he_o shall_v bequeath_v the_o crown_n by_o his_o last_o will_n or_o letter_n patent_n shall_v take_v the_o crown_n in_o any_o other_o manner_n than_o what_o shall_v be_v thereby_o limit_v that_o such_o child_n or_o other_o shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n for_o so_o do_v now_o it_o be_v plain_a such_o treason_n must_v only_o have_v be_v commit_v against_o the_o right_a heir_n and_o consequent_o the_o person_n so_o take_v the_o crown_n be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la it_o be_v also_o virtual_o repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o o_o elizabeth_n by_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o swear_v to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o queen_n her_o heir_n and_o lawful_a successor_n i._n e._n those_o who_o have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o proximity_n of_o blood_n as_o also_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n enact_v in_o the_o four_o of_o king_n james_n by_o which_o we_o be_v likewise_o swear_v to_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n from_o which_o oath_n i_o argue_v first_o that_o if_o we_o be_v swear_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o pay_v allegiance_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr fure_z who_o never_o be_v in_o possession_n than_o a_o fortiori_fw-la to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la who_o beside_o the_o legality_n of_o his_o title_n have_v be_v actual_o recognize_v as_o sovereign_n and_o enjoy_v a_o uncontested_a administration_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n second_o if_o our_o law_n oblige_v we_o to_o swear_v subjection_n to_o the_o heir_n etc._n etc._n of_o a_o rightful_a prince_n than_o by_o undeniable_a consequence_n we_o be_v bind_v not_o to_o translate_v our_o allegiance_n to_o those_o who_o be_v unjust_o set_v up_o by_o the_o people_n for_o without_o all_o question_n the_o word_n heir_n and_o lawful_a successor_n be_v make_v use_n of_o on_o purpose_n to_o secure_v the_o hereditary_a right_n of_o the_o monarchy_n and_o to_o prevent_v all_o usurpation_n upon_o the_o direct_a line_n and_o since_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o statute_n which_o frame_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n we_o be_v not_o to_o acknowledge_v any_o pretend_a governor_n to_o the_o prejudice_n or_o disinherison_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la then_o most_o certain_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v this_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la himself_o so_o that_o now_o we_o can_v have_v no_o pretence_n to_o make_v right_o the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o mere_a possession_n of_o the_o crown_n any_o more_o than_o in_o private_a estate_n f._n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o agree_v with_o you_o in_o what_o you_o have_v say_v that_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la be_v to_o be_v obey_v in_o all_o thing_n tend_v to_o the_o public_a good_a of_o society_n but_o than_o it_o will_v also_o follow_v that_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o they_o from_o that_o great_a law_n of_o prosecute_a the_o same_o public_a good_a since_o it_o be_v much_o better_a that_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la shall_v lose_v their_o right_n than_o that_o a_o nation_n shall_v be_v involve_v in_o a_o long_a and_o cruel_a war_n to_o the_o weaken_n and_o impoverish_v thereof_o and_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o so_o many_o thousand_o of_o ordinary_a as_o well_o as_o noble_a family_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o long_a civil_a war_n between_o the_o family_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_z so_o that_o i_o can_v but_o think_v it_o will_v have_v be_v much_o better_a for_o this_o nation_n if_o that_o family_n have_v continue_v to_o govern_v we_o unto_o this_o day_n rather_o than_o that_o edward_n the_o ivth_o shall_v have_v obtain_v the_o crown_n with_o so_o great_a a_o destruction_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o so_o great_a cruelty_n as_o be_v then_o exercise_v upon_o king_n henry_n the_o vith_o and_o the_o prince_n his_o son_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n but_o i_o come_v now_o to_o answer_v the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v this_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o henry_n the_o viith_o to_o be_v virtual_o repeal_v and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o gentleman_n of_o this_o opinion_n that_o i_o can_v but_o admire_v your_o wondrous_a sagacity_n in_o discover_v this_o act_n to_o be_v repeal_v when_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o lawyer_n do_v still_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v in_o force_n but_o indeed_o the_o reason_n you_o give_v for_o it_o be_v not_o urge_v like_o a_o common_a lawyer_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o will_v signify_v little_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v virtual_o repeal_v by_o a_o subsequent_a act_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o in_o such_o case_n where_o they_o be_v absolute_o contradictory_n and_o inconsistent_a with_o each_o other_o but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o so_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v never_o be_v say_v to_o be_v virtual_o repeal_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v now_o show_v you_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viiith_o and_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n and_o allegiance_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v this_o statute_n may_v very_o well_o continue_v in_o force_n and_o unrepeal_v first_o as_o to_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v treason_n for_o any_o one_o of_o his_o child_n upon_o who_o the_o crown_n be_v settle_v to_o usurp_v upon_o each_o other_o yet_o that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o make_v this_o treason_n sess._n be_v repeal_v by_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o the_o six_o and_o by_o the_o first_o of_o queen_n mary_n or_o admit_v it_o have_v not_o be_v so_o 12._o yet_o this_o clause_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o will_v have_v be_v absolute_o void_a in_o itself_o against_o any_o such_o usurper_n when_o actual_o possess_v of_o the_o crown_n since_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o case_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o who_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o come_n into_o england_n stand_v attaint_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o this_o attainder_n need_v not_o be_v reverse_v since_o possession_n of_o the_o crown_n take_v away_o all_o precedent_a defect_n but_o as_o to_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o the_o four_o of_o king_n james_n by_o which_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n be_v enact_v i_o conceive_v neither_o of_o these_o oath_n can_v amount_v to_o a_o virtual_a repeal_n of_o this_o act_n for_o though_o i_o grant_v one_o end_n of_o these_o oath_n may_v be_v to_o secure_v the_o right_n of_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n heir_n by_o lineal_a descent_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la